American School of Classical Newsletter Studies

at Athens Spring 1997 Νο.39

NEHFellow Focuses on Crete

Paulα J. Perlman (Unίversίty ofTexas αt Austίn), whose asso c ίatίon wίth the ASCSA and ίnte rest ίn Crete span α decαde and α half, sιιmmαrίze s below l1 er αίms anιl a chί e vements as the School 's /996-97 ΝΕΗ Fellow.

The proposal that brought me to Athens this year forecast the completion oftwo in­ teπelated projects: a chapter on the Cretan pole ίs for the lnventory ofthe Greek Po lίs·, aπ international research program directed by Mogens Herman Hansen of the Univer­ sity of Copenhagen and the Copenhagen Polis Centre, and a monograph provision­ ally called Text and Treatίse : The Polίtί cal Comρle t e p e rspec tί ve of α Roman v ίlla. Drawίng /η W Β . Dίn snι oo r, Jr. αnd Socίαl Organίzαtίon ofthe Cretan Cίty­ Stαtes. Ι am pleased, even astonished, to report that Ι have accomplished the first of Houses and Housing Districts Shed these objectives. The second, to which Ι have now turned my attention (rext and New Light on Life in Ancient Athens Treatίse), owes a tΓemendous debt to the Barbara Tsakίrg ίs (ASCSA 51975, 1980-81, past - presίdent ofthe Councίl ofthe Aluιnnί ASCSA and to the National Endowment for Assocίatίon, and Manag ίng Con1mίttee Mem.ber, Vαnde rbilt Unίversίty) retιιrned to the the Humanities (ΝΕΗ). My interest in the Sclωol as α W/1ίte head Vίsίtίng Professor thίs year to contίnue her work ση domestίc history of Greek Crete began when Ι was a housίng in an c ί ent Atl1ens·, about whίch she wrίte s be lωv. Regular Member of the ASCSA in 1982- 83. The School has provided instiωtional Every ancient town contained more finds from recent excavations, additional support for my research on this monograph houses than public bui1dings, yet few schol­ housing districts were located to the north on several subsequent occasions including ars and even fewer tourists are aware that of the Stoa Poikile. Aeli an recounts that 1988-89 when, with financial support from many houses have been uncovered by the Meton the astronomer lived in this area and the ΝΕΗ , Ι was able to spend the better part Ameήcan School 's excavations of the Athe­ bumed hjs apartment building to the ground of the academic year ο η Crete studying the nian Agora and its environs. It has been my in order to escape the military draft. By the inscriptions and topography of the island. task over the past few years, and especially end of the fifth century B.C. , houses were It is with gratitude to these institutions that now as a Whitehead Professor at the built on the eastern limits of the Agora Ι present the following brief description of School, to study and to publish these where the Stoa of Attalos is located today. Text and Treatίse. houses, and so to change modern percep­ Some of these buildings even violated the In Book 2 ofthe Polίtίcs , Aristotle coιη­ tions of the center of ancient Athens. temenos of a small shrine, just as pared the regimes (polίte aί) of Athens, Houses ringed the civic and commercial Thucydides tells us happened when Ath­ Sparta, and Crete. The epigraphic, numis­ heart of Athens. The slopes of the Kolonos ens was overcrowded during the Pelopon­ matic, and material record from the island Agoraios and the Areopagos, which define, nesian War. of Crete attests the presence there of doz­ respectively, the western and southern lim­ Architectural evidence for Athenian ens of po l e ίs. ln light ofthe complex settle­ its of the Agora, were largely covered by houses built before the fifth century B.C. ment history of post-Minoan Crete and the residential areas that further continued up is scanty. Because of the considerable dam­ diversity evident in the political and social the sides of the Hill of the Nymphs and the age done to central Athens by the Persians c ontinιι ed ο ιι ρa ge 12 Pnyx. According to li terary evidence and contίn ι ι.e d on ρage 13

Published by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens IIIAI

In negotiating the comp1ex choΓeogΓa­ 1993 . Peihaps most remaikable has been phy of goveπ1ing the School, wl1ich in­ the gωwth of the School 's endowιηent un­ volves Tιυstees, Managing Committee, and der Mr. Lewis' stewardship, first as Tι-ea­ staff, few have proved so ski ll ed as HunteΓ sureΓ, tl1e11 as PΓesident. Since his fiτst yeaι· Lewis, who stepped down as PΓeside n t at as τι-easιιι·eΓ, the School's endowmeπt has the Board's Noveιηber meeting. U nder his grown five-fo1d, to its cuιτeπt va1ue of wise and s ιι bt 1 e 1 eadeΓs h ip , the Schoo1 went $70,000,000. through an a1ιηost u npΓecedented period of Succeediπg Mr. Lewis as Pι-e s ide π t , growth and expansion begun under his pre­ L1oyd Ε. Cotseπ bιings to the position ni ne­ decessor, Doreen C. Spitzer. teen yeaι-s of experience as a Βοω·d ι ηe ιη ­ DuΓing his first two yea ι·s as P Γesi d e n t, be Γ , the last six as Chairman. Α School Mr. Lewis he1ped gui de the School thωug h Membe Γ in 1955-56, he also woΓked as a the $2 ιni ll ion L i brωγ Expansion P ωjec t , field a Γc hi tect with excava ti o π s ίπ Ler π a, which added a m ιιl t i story extension to the Pylos, and Kea. Back home, he snccess­ B1egen L ib ΓaΓy and pι-ov i ded new space foi full y led Ne ιι tωge n a Coφo Γ a ti oπ through W D. Ε. Coιιlson Archives and a Laboratory. The opening of a period of dΓamat i c expansion, cu1minat­ the Malco 1ιη Η . Wie n e ι · Laborato ι γ in 1992, ing in its sa1e in 1994 to the p h anη ace ιιti ­ addi ng research fac i1i ties for hιιm a n ske1- caJ co n g l o ιη e Γa t e Johnson & Johnson. SeΓν­ Director Retires etal, fa ιιn a 1 , a π d geoa ι·c h aeo l og i ca l s tυdi es, ing both as PΓes i de nt of the School 's B oaΓd bωught the expansion project to a close. and C h a iΓm a n of the Genn adius L ibι·a ι γ 's after Decade of Following hi s Jead, the Tru stees also fo­ B oa ι- d, ΜΓ. Cotsen is set to guide the School cιιsed on the Ge π nad iu s L i b ι- aΓ y , develop­ and the Li b Γa Γ y t hω u g h the next peri od of Service to ASCSA ing aπ aιnb i tious ι ηι ιl tifaceted prog Γ am de­ growth and tΓ a n sfoΓma ti on. sigπed to tr a n sfoπη the Library i π t o a M ov iπ g to C h a iπη an of the B oa Γd is William D . Ε. Coul son came to tl1e ASCSA as Director in 1987, twenty-one resource of iπ te ιη a t io n a l ca Jib e Γ for s tιιd e nt s James Η . Ottaway, Jr., Tnι stee ofthe School and sc h o l aΓs of pos t -a πtiqu e He ll eni c civi­ since 1988 (see Newsletter, Sprin g 1989). yea Γ s aft eΓ havin g been White Fell ow lization. Thanks to ΜΓ. Lewis' ini tiative, in Mr. Ottaway is Se ni o Γ Yice P Γes id e nt of (1966-67), and he and hi s wife, MaΓy Lee, 1993 the And Γew W. Mell on Fo ιιn dat i on Dow Jones and Coιηpan y and Chairman of then began what was to be a singu l aΓiy awarded the L i b r aι-y a $600,000 ιηa t c hin g Ottaway Newspapers. He will continne to ami able and p ω du c t ive decade in its his­ giant to endow its Di rectorship. Soon af­ chair the ASCSA B oa Γ d's Publicati ons tory. B efo Γe coming to the School, Will , ter, the Tru stees establi shed a separate Co ιηιηitt ee, whi ch began in 1990 as an ad who had a Β .Α . in Classics and Μοdeιη Board for the Libraιγ Energized by the new hoc committee to ι- eview the School's pub­ Languages f ι Ό ιη T Γinit y Coll ege and a BoaΓd, the L ib ra Γ y l1 as gone on to gain e Γ li shing acti viti es and to fo πηul a te p1 ans fο Γ Ph.D. in Classics and Classical A ι ·c haeo l ­ add i tioπa l support fro 111 a vari ety of sources an expa πd e d p ωgΓa ιη. In the six yeaΓs since ogy fω m PΓin ceto n University, had l eaΓned iπc 1ιι d iπ g the Nati ona] E nd ow ιη e πt for the tl1 e Committee's fo Γm a ti o π , the Publica­ about aca d e ιηi c a dnΊini s tΓat i on as C h aiΓ of Huιη a ni t i es. ti ons Office has np g Γ aded its co m p ute Γi zed th e Cl assics D e p aΓtιη e nt at the University He also e n co ιι Γaged a new emphasis on pωd u ct i o n capability and in c Γ ease d its of Minnesota. In the co uΓse of his d i ΓectoΓ­ outreach, exemplified by the "Demoαacy staff. Ι π fiscal 1997, it expects to pnblish a ship, Will , as field a Γc h aeo l og i st with his old coll eagues, Leslie Day and Geraldine 2500" ex hi b iti o π a π d re1ated eve πt s at the ι-eco Γd six titles. Nat i o π a l Archi ves i.n Was l 1 iπ g t o n , D.C. in Gesell , p aΓti c i pa ted acti vely in the excava­ tion of K avo ιι s i in eas teΓn Crete and in the co ntinιιin g pιιbli ca ti o n of t h e i Γ work. Dιι Γ­ ships b Γin g scholars to the School fω m AMERICAN SCHOOL OF ing School t e πη s he led tiips and ins tituted Rιιssia, UkΓa in e, Bul gω· i a, a πd Albani a, and CLASSICAL STUDIES ΑΤ ATHENS 54 Souidias St., GR-1 06 76 Athens, Greece a new one, the tι · ip to C Γe t e. He helped to they in tuι-n open np the whole Black Sea direct students' reseaΓc h and ι ηade possible a Γea to new ι- esea ι- c h possibilities; a Se ni o Γ 6-8 Charl ton S tree ι. Pr***inceto n, NJ 08540-5232 m o ι · e effecti ve t eac iΊin g and l ea π1in g at the Sc h o l a ι- (ΝΕΗ Fell ow) now spends a fιιll NEWSLEΠE R School. He also found tί ι η e to s up e ι ·v i se, School year in At h e π s, briπ g iπ g special Spring l997 Νο . 39 un de Γ the aegis ofthe Institute for the Study expertise to the School co ιηmι111it y; trips Editing and Design: of Aegean PΓe hi story, planning and con­ to Cypn ι s, IsΓae l , Syria, J o ι·daπ, and Rus­ Nancy Μ . Wolfe, E n andE ι η Graphics, lnc. structi on of a Study Centei fοΓ East Crete, sia have con1 e to be a s timιιl at in g and re­ The Newsletter is published semi-annu­ a facility that will seΓνe as a centΓa l stor­ cuιτing benefit of Schoollife. Cooperative all y by the ASCSA under the direction of age area a π d wo r k/s tιιd y place t·ο Γ AιηeΓi­ veπ tu res with o th eΓ A m e Γi ca π ove ι- seas ι ·e­ Doreen C. Spitzer, Tru stee Enιerί ta . and can p ωjects in East Crete. seω·c h centers are aπother πew aπd c h aΓac­ Catherine deG. Vanderpool, Executive Vice T he imp ωved opportun ities fοΓ teach­ teΓis t ic fea tιι Γe of the Co ul so π yea ι ·s. President of the ASCSA. Pl ease address all iπg and l eaΓ niπ g in c lιι de the fo ll owing: of Α wiπg l1as bee π added to the Blegeπ inquiries to the NeH ιs le tte r Edi tor, ASCSA U.S. Office. 6-8 Charlton Steet. Princeton, eight ι ηaj ο Γ co n fe Γe n ces tl1 at weΓe held at Library, a π d the a Γ c hi va l resources of the NJ 08540-5232. Tel. (609) 683-0800; Fax the Schoo1 seven have been pu bli shed, a π d School, the Bl egen, a πd tl1 e Ge ππ a diιι s L ί ­ (609) 924-0578. the eighth is ο π its way; Mell on Fell ow- cο ιιιίιιιιec/ on ρage 15 2 1996 Excavation Season Highlights Gift to Gennadeion DuΓίng tl1e summeΓ of 1996, tl1e ASCSA had ajίιllfίeld progΓam, as des c rίbecl here by Scl1ool Dίrec tor, Wίllίam D. Ε. Coιιlson. As al~v a) ' S , the School owes α debt of gratίtude in Honor of to t/1.e Greek Mίnίstry of Cultιιre, uncler Mίnίster Evangelos Venίze los , ίts Deρartιnent Dory Papastratou oj" PΓel1ίstorίc ancl Classίcal Antίqιιίtίes , and to all tl1e Ερhοι ·eίαs ofAntίquίtίes. Το ho no r. the memory of Dory The School's excavations continued in aωund the Classical commeΓcia l building Pap astra t o ιι , her son-in-l aw Takis the Athenian Agora and Ancient Corinth that li es noΓth ofthe west end ofthe Painted Πi adis, maπied to her daιιghter Daphne, under the direction of John ΜcΚ. Caιηp Π Stoa, where numeωu s ostΓaka weΓe found. has given $200,000 to the Gennadiιιs and Charles Κ. Willi a ιηs , Π , respectively. They almost exc lιι s i ve l y caιτy the names Library, the largest single donation ever Excavati ons in the Athenian Agora in I 994 of e itiΊ e Γ Theιni s tocles , son of Neokles, or made to the LibΓary in Greece. The gift and 1995 shed li ght on nuιη eω u s aspects Xanthippos, son of Aπiphron , and would was given in response to the ΝΕΗ Chal­ of Athenian life, iιΊCludin g the de stω ctio n seen1 to confirm the hypothesis that these lenge GΓant. Mrs. Papa s tratoιι , who died of the city at the hands of the Persians in two men contended fο Γ co ntω l of th e deιη o­ in I 987, is remembered not only for her 479 B.C., the form of the great cult statue CΓatic elements of the city befoΓe attention accomplishιηents as a bιιsine ss wωnan of Athena PaΓtheno s, which adorned the was tnined to the aristoCΓatic faction . bιιt also for her deep interest in culture P aΓt h e non , the coιnpo s iti o n of tl1e Athenian Evidence for the new technological ad­ aι1d aι·t. Her extensive personal collec­ cavalry in the thiΓd ce ntuι-y B.C., and the vances includes a teπaco tt a pipeline found tion ot· icons on paper led her into the t e ιτac otta figurine industry in eaily Roman nιnning in a noitheΓiy diiection throιιgh the little-known field of popιιl ai Ieligious times. The I 996 season was η ο less vaiied, excavati ons by the Middle Stoa. Careful iconography, which cιιlιηinated in her ranging fωιη an e i g hth- ce ntιιry well and a sealin g of the joints of th e varioιιs sections two-volume book Paρ er lcons: GΓeek glimpse into the politics of Athens at the using bands of ιη o lt e n lead is unusual and 0Γthodox R e lίg ίoιιs Eng ra vί ngs 1665- start of the fifth ce ntuΓy B.C. to iιηportant indicates that tl1e pipe was bιιilt to caιτy 1899, pιιbli s hed in 1987. It was during evidence fοΓ the spread of technology in fresh water und e Γ pre ss uΓe . Potte ι-y from as­ hei years researching thi s field that she the Hellenistic Period. sociated levels suggests th at the pipeline came to know and ιιse the collections Α well frοιη the eighth century B.C., un­ should be dated no later than the eaily thiid of the Gennadeion. Mis. Papastiatoιι coνeie d under tl1 e foundations of the centuι-y B.C., ιηakin g it the eaΓliest known also worked full-tiιηe for much of her Middle Stoa, appeaΓs to have been aban­ pressure line from Athens and among th e life in the family business, Papastiatos doned around 700 B.C. and belongs to a ea Γiie st in the Greek woΓld . S.A. , one of Greece's l aΓges t tobacco gωup of sixteen other such wells that all On Decembei 5- 7, 1996, the School OΓ­ con1panies. Born in 1923, she studied went out. of use around the san1e tin1e. This gani zed an international confeΓence to mark law at the University σf Athens, was simultaneous abandonιnent has led to the the IOOth a nniv e r saι-y of its excavations at maπied to Takis Papapanagiotou, and theoι-y th at Athens and th e Γest of GΓeece Ancient Corinth. Under ΜΓ . Williams, the had two daιιghteΓs , Daphne and Marina. suffered a seνeΓe dωught in the second half centennial excavation season co ntinιιed of the eighth century B.C. investi gation of the Frankish levels so ιιth Excavations were also continιιed in and of the Aι-chaeological Μuseιιιη. Pωbe s within the portico that rιιns the length of the east side of Frankish Unit Ι led to a ten­ tative reconstιυction of the faς a de . Exca­ vation also cleared the northwest corner of the garden of the unit, uncovering a deep pit with an octagonal foundation aωιιηd its moιιth. This installation appears to have had a shoΓt life as a Iefιιse pit for gaΓbage from a dining aΓea , as a cesspit, and finally as the Γeceptacle for destωction debΓis from the Catalan sack of about A.D. 1312. Excavation along the north-south road­ way flanking Unit Ι defined the liιnits of the aiea of occupation on the west side of the street and deteΓmined use of that area dιιring the second half ofthe thirteenth cen­ tuιγ Unit 3, opposite the northwest corner Of U nit 1, appeaiS to have been a large com­ pJex of rooms that radically changed its function and plan over a short peΓiod of time. The south end of Unit 3 n1ay have been an independent building with a heaith and a laige stoiage bin or silo. Unit 4 lies west of the southwest corneΓ of Unit I and appeaΓs to have been a second s ingl e-tΌ oιη stιυcture with a hearth. If these two rooms with heaι · th s weΓe independent houses, then Atl1 e nίan Agol'a: Te ιτaco tta ρίp e lίn e ίη excavations nea!' Mίιlιll e Stoa. Pl10to C. Maιι zy continued σ η page 12 3 th e woΓk of PΓOject Ma11ager George Michaelidoιι , in collaboration with Katerina Library News SkΓetas , l1i s teaιη , a11d staff of the paΓtici­ Kι · ik ou-Davis , aι:e ι-evising the collection 's pating libΓaΓies, the peΓiodicals catalogue, ca talogιι e and integrating the new papers. which contai11 s 2,755 titles peι · tai11i11g to The papeΓs of Nicholas G. Mavι·is , the first From the Gennadeion classicaJ studies, is 11 ow avail able to schol ­ GονeιΙΊΟΓ ot· Dodecanese and a prominent • Readeι· coιι nt s fοΓ tl1e past yea Γ con­ aΓs thΓoughout the world via the lnte ιiΊ e t , fi g ιιre in φe Gι·ee k comιη unit y in th e finη the gωwi ng ιι se of the Gennadeio11 by with a printed version avail able in each of United States during the 1940s, aΓe also c ιιΓ­ th e local coιηιηu11 i ty. Of 10,795 ι · ea d er vis­ the paΓticipating lib ι · aΓies. rently bei ng catalogued. its, an i i1CΓease of 1110re tha11 1,000 over the As p a Γt of ARGOS ' 11 ex t phase, the Final ly, thanks to a t hΓee-yea r Chall enge p ι· evio ιι s year, 9,002 weΓe by Greeks. Unίon Catalogιιe of Books ίη Gn~ e k , a team Gι-an t fro m the National Endowment for the • Ge11n adeio11 11ews, publisl1 ed sporadi­ is 11 ow at woΓk i11 the Ge 11 nadeio 11 making Hιιιη a niti es, the Gen11 adius LibraΓy is abo ιι t ca ll y as Y17. e Gι'if.fon, appeaΓed agai11 last a11 e l ectΙΌ I1i c cata lo g ιιe of its co ll ecti o11 of to embark on a pil ot pωject to microfilm Nove ιηb e r as the Ne~v Gι'if.fon, New Saies, books in GΓee k . When thi s is fi11i shed, o11l y and then di gitize the H e in Γ i ch Sc hli e ιη a nn nιιmbe r I. The L ibΓ a Γ y intends to p ιι b li sh tl1e BΓ i t i s h School 's Greek coll ectio11 re- Papers. Because of the p ωs a11 d cons of digi­ the new seri es reg ιιl ar l y , with a second is­ 11Ί a in s to be catalogued. tal image prese ι · va ti o n , high -q ιι a lit y mi cro­ s ιι e due in Jιι11 e . filιη will be the p Γ iιη a ry p ι- ese r vat i o n tool. • The confe re11 ce " ΑΓt and Tech11ology A rchiνes Reports Progress The second step, whi ch will explore systems i11 Latin G Γeece" was held i11 the Ge11nadiιι s on Seνeral Fronts fο Γ converting mi CΓofi lnΊ to di gitaJ i111 ages, Libra Γ y on Feb Γ u aΓy 8, with fiftee11 schol­ will p ωv id e Ms. Vogeikoff with valuable Wi th th e assistance of a 11uιηb e Γ offul1d ­ a Γ s pΓese ntil1 g their wo Γ k. The opening experience and guidance in planning future ing so ιπce s, a11d with the dedi cati o11 of AΓ­ s p ea k e Γ was Charl es Κ . Wi lli a ι ηs , Il, preservati on projects. chivist Natali a Vogeikoff, the School a11 d Corinth Excavation Directo Γ , who pΓe­ Ge1111adeio11 Archi ves a Γ e bein g t Γ a n s­ sel1ted "The Loss ofthe Co Γil1thi an Glazed­ Gennadeion Philoi Actiνe foΓmed. 111 the Blegen, the papers of Carl wa ι ·e Market by Local Potters. A.D. 1204- 127 5." W. Blege11, Go ι · h a 111 Ρ. Steve11 s, and lda Ι11 Octo b e Γ , the ΡΙ1ίlοί o Γga ni zed a fo ιιΓ­ Thall on Hill have bee11 processed, a11 d work day tΓip to the Peloponnese led by Sc iΊ oo l • Co nti11ιιi11 g the Lati11 foc us, a second intern ati onal co 11 fere 11 ce, "Ri ch a11d Poor l1 as beg ιι 11 on the pape Γ s of B e Γt Η . Hill . Α ι DiΓec tor William D. Ε. Coul son. Under his in the Lati11 East," was held at the Library the sa ι ηe time, aπa 11 g i11 g a11d describing the skill ed guidance, the gω up visi ted Sparta, 011 May 8-10, joi11tl y spo 11 sored by the a d ι η i 11istr a tive records of the ASCSA from Mi s tΓ a, Messene, Ni c h o Γi a, Pylos, and th e its fou11d ing to the 1980s n eaΓ s completion. ιηιι se um at C h o Γ a, Tri fy lia. Graecolatinitas Society, Athe11 s U n iveΓsity Ms. Vogeikoff is also completi11 g a guide The Ρhίlο ί also s pon so Γed two art lec­ a11d the G e n11 a diιι s Library. to the Blege11 L i b Γa ι ·y collecti ons. tιι res held at the LibraΓy this year. ln Janu­ From the Blegen In the Ge1111 adeion, Ms. Vogeikoff has ary, painter and a ιιth ο Γ E ιιphrosy ni Doxiadi s oveΓsee n co ι ηp l et i o 11 of the detailed cata­ spoke on "Fay ιιm Portraits," subject of he Γ • 111 Fe bru aΓ y, James Reill y of the Iιη­ loguil1 g and safe s toΓage of over 500 Γ are recentl y pιιbli s h ed , lavishly ill ι ι s tτa ted vol­ age Pι· eservat i o l1 I11 stitute i11 Rochester, e11g Γ aν i11 gs a11 d works of a Γ t fΓO I11 the col­ uιη e; and in A pΓil , Mari a Vass il aki of the New Υω-k, visited the Bl ege 11 a11d spoke lectioi1 S of Joh11 Ge 1111 adius. Several o t h e ι · Be11aki Mιι se um gave th e l ec tιιΓe "The Po Γ­ on the archi val pΓese Γ va ti o l1 of paper and coll ectio11 s, i11 c lιιdi11 g the pape Γ s of Joh11 trait of the A Γti s t i11 B yza 11tiuιη . " film . Α l ead eΓ i11 the field of a Γc hi va l pres­ Ge n11 ad iιι s, Eli as Petωp o ιιl os , a11d Dimitri The Plιί l o i also helped with the pl a11ni11g ervati on, ΜΓ . Reill y ge n eω ιι s l y do 11 ated hi s M it ωpo ul os, have also been processed. of the Ge1111 adeio11 's seco11d a 1111ιι a l "Ciean time a11d ex perti se to the School. Hi s il1 - Rece 11 tly, the Ge1111 adeion received the bal­ Monday" celebrati o11 , held 011 the first day formati ve pι- ese 11t at i o n was atte 11 ded by ance of poet GeoΓge S efeΓi s' papers, thanks ofLe11t. Tha11ks to good wea th e Γ, n eaΓl y 500 staff from the Bl egen a11d Ge 1111 adi ιι s Li­ to a gift fωm hi s family. S ιιpp o Γted by a people ga th e Γe d i11 the LibΓa ry's garde11 s bΓa ri es as well as fω ιη the School. gΓa nt from the Leventi s Fo ιιnd a ti o n , Seferis a11d enj oyed the seaso 11 's tΓ a diti o n a l food, • The Bl egen Library co 11ti11ιι ed to be l1 - sc i Ίo l aΓs K a t e ι · in a Kosti ou and Theano wine, so11gs, a11d da11 ces. efit from the assista11 ce of s tιι de 11t vo lul1 - t ee ι· s fro111 Coll ege Year i11 Athe11 s (CYA) a11 d Beave ι- Coll ege. Bl anche Me 11 a di e ι- , the Blege11 's Acting Ac qιιi s iti o 11 s Libι·a Γi a n , and ASCSA Associate Members Ja11 Μ. Sand­ e Γ s ( B eave ι · College) a11d An11 e Stewa Γ t (CYA) o ι- ga 11i ze d thi s year's vo lu11 teeΓs, who processed Γeco ι-d s a11 d Γes h e l ved a11 d Γe l abe l e d books. ARGOS Project Completes Periodicals Catalogue

With the co ιτec ti o 11 s a11d ιιpd a ti11 g ofthe Union Ca ta l og ιιe o.f P eι- i od i ca l s fο Γ the ARGOS (A rchaeological G Γ eek 0 11ii11 e System) Project, the data have bee11 loaded 011 ' Ήe rm es ," the host cο 11ψ ιιt e Γ located i11 the D oc ιι ιη e 11ta ti o 11 Ce nt e Γ of the Hell eni c National R eseaΓ c h Foundati on. Th a11ks to Pl1iloi at Me.5sene, l eιl by Sι- 11. οο / D iι·ec ιo ι · W D. Ε. Co ιι lson (jift lιfro ι n. left). 4 Personal Freedom in Democratic Athens Grant Endowed in Robert W Wallace (Northwestern Unί ve rs ίty, ASCSA Manag ίng Conιnιίttee), whose first Bikakis'~ernory a s so c ίa tί on with tlιe School was as α Sunι nιa S e 5· sίon Memba in 1974, returned tlιίs year as α Whitehead Vίsitίng Profess oι : Be l o~v, /ι e adclresses p e rsona lfreedo ιn s in Ll oyd Ε . Cotsen, Presid ent of the Cla s sί cal Athens, t/ι e subject of hίs twelve-week s enι ί na r held during th.e Sch.ool'5· ~v i nte r ASCSA Board of Tω st ees, has estab­ quarter. li shed a fe ll owshi p to hono r the School's l o n g- tiιη e lawyer, the late Pe Γ so n a l fΓee d o m was a caΓdin a l pΓin c i ­ the pol ίs as a whole is going downhill ." Η a ιτ y Bikakis (see In MemoΓί am , p. pal of Atheni an democracy. ' Ίn the democ­ This principle was observed in practi ce 14). The Fell owship wi\1 award approx­ racy," Lysias remarks, "people can li ve as and explains Atheni an limitati ons of per­ imately $ 1,500 on a peri odic basis to a they will ." For Euripides, ' Ίn d e ιη oc r ac i e s sonal freedoms. The democracy had no student attending a North American in­ each li ves as he likes." Thucydides' Perikles ιη o ra li z in g or paternali sti c laws but did s titιιti o n whose research subject is an­ states, ' Ίn our day-to-day li ves we are not ι ·eg ul a te what affected the community. The cient Greek law, or to a Greek student angry with ο υ ι · n e i g hb o ι- if he does what he Jaw against idleness presupposed that working on a School excavati on or at wants, and we don't give him those bl ack people without visibl e means of support the School. FοΓ further info rmati on con­ looks whi ch, though they do no real harm, survived by stealing. Fun e ι · a ry ι· eg ul a ti o n s tact the School in Athens. sti\1 are painful. In our private li ves we li ve liιηit ed conduct that mi ght di sturb the pub­ toge th e Γ in a tolerant way." In turn, democ­ li c. The demω prohibited m a rΓi ages be­ racy's critics condemn personal freedoms. tween citi zens and foreigners to liιηit ac­ Pl ato complains thatAthens "is full offΓee ­ cess to c oιηmunity membership. Jιι s t so, a dom. " Citi zens, foreigners, slaves, and cuckold was Γe quired to di vorce hi s adul­ women, even the animals "do just what they terous wife because the paternity and hence New Scholarship like. " Horses and donkeys "bump in to ev­ Γi g ht to citi zenship of offs pΓin g was uncer­ eryone they meet and do not step aside!" tain. Other laws stipulated personal quali­ for School 's The practi ce of personal freedoιη s also ti es for candidates to public office or As­ flouri shed. Many Athenians accepted the sembly speakers. Summer Session Assembl y herald's invitation, "Who wishes All egations of inte ll ectual persecution Eugene Borza, whose hi story with the to speak?" In court, theater, and intel\ ec­ pose a different probl em- that of qιι es ti o n ­ American School began in 1957 when he tual di sco ιιr se, people said almost anything, able attestati ons. For example, although was a Sumιη e r Session student, has en­ including bl asphemy and gross vitupera­ two late sources say the Athenians burned dowed a Summer Session scholarship in ti on. Athens was singul arly free of the le­ Protagoras's books, in the third century memory of hi s mother. Το be known as the gal regul ati on of personal behavior regard­ B.C., Timon ofPhleious said onl y that they Rea Sil via Borza Scholarship, the grant will ing, fo r example, prostitutio n, wine wίs lι e d to bιιrn hi s books. According to be awarded on an annual basis to a teacher drinki ng, and homosexuality. Pl ato's Sokrates, P ω t ago Γ as " has never in a United States public hi gh school. For Nonetheless, signi ficant violati ons of ceased to enj oy a hi gh reputati on." The Summer 1997, Adriene Shah Cunningham, freedom in the democracy also occurred. Atheni ans did prosecute Sokrates and os­ who teaches Α Ρ Latin at Washington-Lee U npo pula r A ssembly spe ake rs were tracize the music philosopher Damo n. High School in Yirginia, will be the Borza sho uted down, even dragged off the Sokrates was in part condemned fo r not S c h o l a ι -. speaker's pl a tfo rιη . Α law forbade idleness. beli eving in the city's gods, but also be­ It was thanks to Mrs. Borza's enthusi­ Fe ιη a l e ιη ο uι-n e Γ s at funerals were regu­ cause hi s fri ends and students among the as ιη and s ιιpp o rt that her son went to the lated. Α citi zen could not marry a fo re i g n e ι -. ThiΓty had c ω e ll y dominated Athens in School's Summer Session as a young s tιι ­ lnte ll ectuals w e Γ e h aΓ assed or prosec ιιt ed . 404. Though unharmed fo r 70 years, after dent, a trip which changed hi s li fe, as he Therefore, many scholars have doubted 404 he was seen as a menace to the com­ Γe m e n1b e r s. He was introduced to GΓeece whether personal freedoms actuall y existed munity. Darn on was os tΓ ac i ze d because his by C. W. J. Eli ot, with the coll aborati on of in Athens. The polis restricted speech, research into the behavioral and political Colin Edmonson, Β . Η . Hi\1 , John Caskey, thought, and conduct whenever it chose. consequences of mu ic was exploited by and Carl Blegen, among others. After hi s How cο ιι\d a society that proclaimed its Atheni an \eaders. return to the U.S., Mr. Borza taught at Lake­ citi zens' ability to \i ve freely, then regul ate Finally, free speech was also limited by wood Pιιbli c High School, aιm ed with good instances of speech, conduct, or thought? community int e Γes t s. lndividuals were li­ memori es, fine slides, and the wish to go Was community intervention r a nd o ιη or able if their Assembly proposals led to un­ on to graduate school. Two years later, he does the regul ati on of personal freedom happy consequences. τlιo ι · u bos, shouting e nte Γe d the U ni versity of Chi cago, begin­ reveal any pattern s? down in courts and Assembl y, was a sen­ ning a di s tin g ιιi s h ed ac ade ιηi c career which An important ideological difference be­ sibl e way for the community to be rid of continues even a fte Γ hi s Γ ece nt ι- e tiΓe m e nt tw ee ιl ancient Athens and m o d eω liberal unsuccessful speakers. Every citizen had a from Penn State. d e ιη oc r ac i es suggests an answer to these Γi g ht to speak, but not to be heard in en­ Mrs. B o Γ za was boι·n an ethnic Roma­ questi ons. Whereas many modern democ­ tiΓe t y by public a ιιdi e n ces . ni an in a small Transylvani an vill age in racies adopt the principle of the pΓi O Γit y of ln Athens, getting drunk, wasting one's 1908. He r grandfather was the vill age indi v idιι a \ citi zens over the state, pΓi o r loy­ money, and even questi oning the gods were sc h oo l teac h e ι · who prided hin1self on hi s alty to the community was also a cardinal not regul ated provided no one else was classical learning. At his insistence, hi s element of democrati c ideology in Athens. harmed. H oweve ι- , community int e Γ es t s g r a ndd a u g hte ι · was named after the mother Thucydides' Pe Γikl es Γe m a Γk s , "When the took precedence. The Atheni ans ι ·eg ulated of R o mulιι s and R e ιηu s , the a n ce s to Γ s, he whole polis is on the Γi g ht co uΓse it is a those in public affa iι ·s and punished those believed, of m o de ι11 Romani ans. better thing fο Γ each separate indi vidual they th o ιι g ht had harmed the ρο lί s. Others than when pri vate interests are sati sfi ed bιιt were free to live as they wi shed. 5 Laboratory News

Lab Resources Growing

• The Wieneι- Laboι-atoι-y houses a gωw­ ing specialist libι·aι-y and six developing ι-ef­ erence collections, ι-esouι-ces that suppoι-t its membeι-s ' research and are available to otheΓ inteΓested scholars a11d excavators. • The specialist library contains 26 jour­ nals and newsletters and over 1,000 books, dissertatio11s, and monographs, among theιn advanced texts i11 the fields of faunal, human skeletal, and geoarchaeological studies, as well as general refere11ce a11d il1- tωductoιγ texts i11 vaι-ious areas of archae­ ology a11d the 11atιιral scie11ces. The library Angel Fello~vs Sandι-a Gaι · vίe-Lok ancl Anna Lag ίa label bones fοι· Lab 's antl1 roρologίcal aι·cl1ίve. is i11tended 11ot only to sιιpport the Lab's work, but also to serve as a starting point It will comprise well-docuωeπted huma11 ods i11 archaeological scie11ce. This year's for multidisciplinary reseaι-ch. skeletons of known age, sex, occupatio11, J. Lawre11ce Angel Fellows, A11na Lagia • The Lab's first reference collection, place of birth a11d death, a11d cause of death. (U11iversity ofChicago) aπd Saπdra Garvie­ the ModeΓn Animal Bo11e Coιnparative Endorsed by the Departωent of Human and Lok (U πiv ersity of Calgary), led a two­ Collectio11, was i11iti ated in I 992 by Walter Aniιna l Physiology of the University of pαι't seminαι· οπ Febωary 22 titled ' Ήuman Klippel (U11iversity ofTen11essee) and Lynn Atheπs and the Ephoreia of Palaeoanthro­ Bones in Coπtext." The eve11t ope11ed with S11yder (Smithsonian Institιιtion) and was pology and Speleology, this collection will a guided tour thωugh theAthe11s FiΓst Ceω­ developed by Yiannis Hamilakis (Univer­ be invaluable to a11thωpological and ωedi­ eteΓy a11d a di scussion of ωοdeΓΠ mortuary sity of Wales Laωpeter) , Justin Lev-Τον cal research. practice and its application to archaeologi­ (University of Te1111essee), Deborah • Α Botanical Collection has beeπ initi­ cal research, followed by aπ iπtωductio11 Ruscillo (U11iversity College Lo11don) , and ated by Research Associate Haπiet Blitzer to the huωaπ skeletoπ aπd bioarchaeology, Ekateι-i11a τι-antalidou (Ephoι-eia ofPalaeo­ as part of heΓ National Geographic Soci­ held ίπ the Wiener Laboratory. anthωpology and Speleology). This grow­ ety-sponsored project on the e11viωnωe11- • Το better acquai11t the archaeological ing fau nal collection now has over 150 tal a11d cultural co11texts of olive cultiva­ com111u11ity with its fau11al refere11ce col­ speciιnens. tion a11d the relatioπship of olive cultivatio11 lectiol1s, the Wie11er LaboΓatoΓy held aπ • The Mollusk Study Collectio11, which to other aspects of Aegea11 culture. Heι­ ope11 house a11d a serni11ar 011 the study of contai11s priιnary ιnari11 e ιηollusk shells contributioπ of plaπt aπd seed sαιnples fωω archaeological aπiιnal bo11e entitled "Bo11es fou11d in Aegea11 archaeological contexts, wild and doωesticated olives, as well as i11 Οuι- Cupboards." Faιιπal Fellow Deborah was started by Michele Miller (Boston Uni­ saωples of associated floΓa , will opeπ this Ruscillo (Uπiversity College Lo11do11) a11d versity) and will be expanded this suιnmer collectioπ. Lab Associate Meιnbers Ly1111 Snyder by 1996-97 Faunal Fellow Deborah • Α Ceramic/Ciay and Building Mate­ (Smithsoπia11 Iπ s titιιtio11) a11d Ekateri11i Ruscillo (University College London). rίal Collectioπ is ίπ the plaππiπg stages, Trantal idou (Ephoreia of Palaeoal1thro­ • The Lithic Collectio11 was begun with with ωaterial a11ticipated frοιη the follow­ pology and Speleology) hosted the open haπd-saιnples, thin-sections, and a coιnput­ il1g pωjects a11d researcheΓs: (1) ceramic hoιιse on Febrιιary 26, and led the semi11ar erized catalogue of over 200 specimens a11d raw ιnaterial samples from a study of held the followi11g day. do11ated to the Lab. Ruth Siddall (U11iver­ ceraιηic tecl1nology at Lerna in the Third • ln coopeι-ation with the Coι-ίnth Exca­ sity College London) pωvided coιnplete Millenniuω B.C by ChΓistine Shriπeι- (lπ­ vatioπs, the Wiener L a boι-atoιγ orgaπized petrographic and hand-sample descriptions diana University); ~'2) clay samples from a a o11e-day workshop titled 'Έxcava tion fοΓ each of the lithic specimens. The col­ prelimiπary petrographic a11alysis of Techniques and Tι-eatωe11t of Finds: Bal­ lectiol1 has gι-ow11 with tl1e additio11 ofthin­ Epiωte coarsewares by Melissa Moore ancing the Constrai11ts of Excavatio11 with sectiol1s, ha11d-samples, and a stable iso­ (Bostoπ Uπiveι-sity); (3) saωples froω a Conseι-vation and Analytical Potential." tope database for Aegea11 marbles, study of the production aπd distribution of Held on March 29 in the Gennadius Library, contrίbuted by Norman Herz (Uπiversity Ca11aanite storage jars ίπ the Late Bronze the workshop provided aπ update on the of Georgia), aπd will be expanded further Age East Mediteπa11ea11 by Michael latest scie11tific technology aπd its applica­ by sa ιηple s of oolitic liιnestone used in al1- Suger111a11 (ΗaιΎaΓd University); a11d (4) tiol1 to archaeology. Speakers i11clιιded Ja11e cieπ t GΓeek and Roma11 co11stωctio11 at liωe ceωent, ωortar, and co11crete samples Buikstra (U11iversity of New Mexico), CoΓi11th , fωm a study by Chris Hayward fωm Ruth Siddall's research 011 buildi11g Noreen Τιιωss (S ιηith so11ian Institution), (London Natιιral Histoι-y Museuω) , as well ωaterials at the site of Ancient Coι-inth . Henry Schwarcz (McMasteΓ University), as by marble saιηples fωm Mount n, Linda Scott Cιιωωings (Paleoresearch Pentelikoπ, AmoΓgos, Paωs , Siphnos, aπd Laboι-atoι·y), and Hectoι- Neff (Research other quany regioπs , fωω various studies Wiener Lab Hosts ReactoΓ Center), as well as staff fωιη the by the Lab's Acting Director Scott Η. Pike Coι-inth Excavations a11d associates of the (U niveΓsity of GeoΓgia). Variety ofActiνities Wiener Laboratory. AbstΓacts from the • Απ A11thωpological Aπhive is bei11g • Duιi11g FebnJaιγ a11d March, t11e Wie11er woι-kshop aΓe cuιτently available in tl1e Lab. αea ted by 1996-97 J. LawΓe11ceA11gel Fel­ Laboratoιγ hosted a series of eve11ts that The fιιll pωceedi11gs will be pιιblished by low Anna Lagia (University of Chicago). addressed conteωporary goals aπd meth- the WieneΓ Laboratory next year. 6 School Reports high adnlinistrative level for their mutual trial and coιηmerςial establishme11ts also be 11 efit. The question that Ι am now pursu­ se ι-ved as foι-ums where a variety of topics ing is: How did this ιηutιι a ll y be11eficial were open for discussion. Politics clearly Religion in Mycenaean situatio11 come about? figuι-ed a ιηong the subjects, which could Economics Το answer this question Ι am il1vestigat­ ι-an ge fro ιn the commonplace to the intel­ ing the CM0110 iogical al1d geographical dis­ l ectιιa l . Hence, fω m this s iιnple example, In the Pylian Jn seι- i es of Li11eaι- Β tab­ tΓibut i OI1 of all the Bω11ze Age sites that we ca11 begin to grasp the extent to which lets, the names of 282 bωn zes mith s a ι- e d e ιηonstrate a shri11 e - woι-ks h op associati on. eco11 omi c life overlapped a11d ble11ded with carefully recorded beside their all ot111e11ts T hω n gh this analysis, Ι hope to tΓac e the varioιιs aspects of Athe11i a11 society. of bronze. N i11 eteen of these bω11ze s ιnith s developme11t of this phenoιne11011 and to Six years' experie11ce i11 the excavations aι·e described with the adjectival fοπη of c l aι-ify its role in Bωnze Age society. This, of the Athenian Agoι-a has s tiιnυl a ted my Pylos' major deity, Potnia. Hence they, and in turn, wi lllead to a better understanding own interest in the eco11omy of the ancient o th eι- workers who are also desα ibed as ofthe s hri11 e-wo ι-k s h op's ωle in Myce11aean city. My work has concentrated on several "Potni a11 ," a ι- e thought to have been asso­ economi cs. unpublished structures which lie along the ciated w ith the ι- e li g i o u s sphe re of Sι ι san Lupack noι· th er n and eastern sides of the Agora Mycenaean society. I11deed, because ofthi s EdwaΓd Capps Fellow 1996-97 s qu aΓe. These buildings, which were in use evidence, some sc holaΓ s have see11 the between the Persia11 and Sullan destruc­ Mycenaea11 eco noιni c system as a "temple tions, have bee 11 associated with i11du strial economy." While it is now ge 11 e ι- a ll y ag ι-eed and coιηmercial activities si11ce their exca­ that thi s int e φre tation αedits the ι-eligious Restoring an Agora: vatiol1 i11 the 1970s. Using the recoι-d s of s pheι·e with too ιηuch influe11ce, no com­ Commerce in Athens the Agora Excavations and the computer­ pι-ehel1sive understandi11 g of the role σf ι-e­ aided design (CAD) facilities of the Ameri­ li gion in Mycenaean economics has yet Athenian society of the fiftl1 to first cel1- can School, Ι am cuπently working on a been attained. This is the topic that Ι have turies B.C. existed as a11 aJηalgamation of criticaJ examination and reconstruction of chose11 to i11 vesti gate for my dissenation. religio11 , politics, com111 erce, a11d daily life. the buildi11gs' stratigraphy and architectιιral TheΓe a ι-e otheΓ i11dicati ons that the reli ­ The dΓa w in g below helps to illustrate, in reιηains. Ι i11tend to present the archaeo­ gious s ph e ι- e had some i11 vo l ve ιη e 11t i11 pa­ particular, the thoωιιghness with which the logical evidence fully. Eveι-ything fωm lati al eco 11 o ιηi cs. For instance, ma11 y "se Γ­ li velihood of the i11du stri ali st and the re­ seemingly in significant bits of material to vants of the gods" held plots of pal ace­ tailer were inteΓw ove n with the rest of so­ impoι-ta11t features such as paveιηent s, owl1ed la11d. Also, several of the Knossian ciety. This image ι- e fl ects o 11 e of the pos­ hearths, a11d basi11s , will appear as a matter Dl se ι-i es 11ame Pot11i a as th e ma11ager of sible i11carn ations of a ωadside shop, a of ι-ecord i11 the disseι-tation. The inte11sive large flocks of sheep. Thus, at Pylos a11d common situatio11 in which woι·k space was nature of this exaω .ination will pernlit ιηe Knossos, and pωbably e l sew h e ι- e , there physically e11veloped by domestic space. to establish the architectuΓal requirements were large sa n c tu aΓy sites whose person­ The two pedestι-ians show11 011 their way to of different trades and to identify their char­ nel had to be maintained, and it seems that the es tabli s hιη e nt ιni g ht not actually intend acteristic waste ιn a terial s . the palace cooperated in their maintenance. to ιnake a puι-ch ase, but instead to gather My studies of these structures i11 the Was somethi11 g si111il ar happening with the with friends fοι- a co nv e ι- sa tion in the fa­ Athenian Agora will contribute significant Potnian woι-kers ? mili aΓ setting. Fωιη I so kτates, Lysias, and detail to the co φu s of archaeological evi­ It is my belief that the shri11e was en­ otheι· a11cie11t authors, we know that indus- co nιinιιe{/ ο ιι. page 15 titled to a pe ι-c entage of the goods pωduc ed by Potni an workeι- s. Just as the sa11 ctu aries deι-iv ed some eco noιηic be11efit from th e iι­ holdil1gs of land a11d sheep, here they pωb ­ ably had some claim to the woι-keι-s' fil1 - ished goods. 1f thi s is the case then these products could have been used in the sanc­ tuaιγ , or, if they were traded, the sanctuary may have been entitled to a share of the profits. The archaeological evide11 ce fι-on1 Pylos a11d Myce11ae a ppeaΓ s to confiΓm a connec­ tion betwee 11 s hι-i11 es and woι-k s hop s . τl1 e only s i1Γi11 e fou11d at Pylos was i11 fact a11 integΓal paι-t of tl1e 11oι-the as t chaι-iot woι-k­ shop. At Mycenae, pι-edomi11antly ivoι-y­ working m a te ι-i a l s weι-e found within the λ Cult Ce11teι-. It is likely that the Γeligious ·. .· . .~ ~ , . '. . perso1111 el i11 co 11tωl of these elite goods . . gained financially fι-on1 theiι- ιηan age ιη e nt , ...... which agrees with what Ι have proposed .·.·· ·~ above. Fuι-th e ι-, the palace sαib es kept ...... -· . ·.. · ·.... . Ό 19.,0 reco Γd s ofthe ι- e li g iou s woι-kers ' activities, i11dicati11g that the palace also had an inteι-­ Recons tι · ιιct ί on oj'cιn AΙ I1enίan Ιωιιs e αηΔ sιι·eeι shoρ bγ J. Tωvlos ( afιa D. Β . Πωηψ sοη, Α η est in their o ιιtput. This inψlie s that th e ι- e­ Α ιι. c ί eηι S/ωρρίηg Cenιa, tl1.e AΙI1. en ian Αgοι-α (Αgοπι Ρί c ιιιre Book 12) [Pι · ίn ceto n 1971] 10, ligious a11d sec ul aΓ s pheΓe s i11teι-a c ted 011 a fίg . 11 ). 7 Corinth Anniversary Well Celebrated The celebι-ation of the lOOth Annivers aι-y of ιhe Coι-inth Excavations, which began last Jιιne in Ancieflt Corinth, continued with an inte Γn ationa l conference at the School on Deceιηb eΓ 5-7. Nancy Bookidis, Assistant Direc toΓ of the CoΓinth Excavations, and DiΓectoΓ ChaΓies Κ. Williams, Π (top), weι-e pΓesented with an anniv eι-sa.Γy cake by its bake Γ , School cook Dionysios Marinos, at the confeΓence Γeception on December 6. Photo C. Maιι zy . The final event ce l eb ι- a t­ ing Corinth was a symposi um on March I, " Ameι-ican AΓchaeology in Classical Lands: The Next 100 Years," organized by the School and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of AΓc h aeo lo gy and AnthΙΌpo l ogy and held at the Μιιseιιm. Seen at the dinneι­ following the Symposiιιm are Mιι se um Di­ ι ·ec tor Jeι-eιηy Α. Sabloff (ce nteΓ left); one of the day's speakers, Elizabeth W. Β. Fentress (right), Mellon Professor-in-Charge and Director of the Excavations Program of the American Acadeιηy in Rome; and the two "Deans" of the Corinthians in atten­ d ance (bottom), Trustee Richard Η. Howland (left) and Lucy Shoe Meritt, with Managing Committee ChaiΓman Alan L. Boegehold. Photos J. Gibson.

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The Boards of Tω s tee s of the American School and the Gennadiιιs Libraι-y held thei.Γ s pι-ing meetings on May I 6, I 997, in Princeton, New J eΓsey. Following the meet­ ings, Tιυ s tees and th eiΓ gιιe sts visited the U.S. Headquaι-teΓs at 6-8 Chaι-lton StΓeet and had dinneΓ at Dιυmthwacket , official Γe s idence of Goveι-nor ChΓistine Whitιηan of New Jersey. William Β. F. Ryan, SenioΓ Rese aι-ch Associate Geologist for Colιιmbia UniveΓ­ sity's Laιηont-Doheιιy Eaι-th Obse ι-va tory in Palisades, New York, spoke after diηneΓ on 'The Minoan Eruption of Santoriru from the Perspective of a Geologist."

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On March 4, ASCSA Board ChaiΓma n James Η. Ottaway, Jr., Tιυ s te es Robert Α. McCabe and James R. McCredie, and Executive Vice PΓesident of the School Catherine deG. Vanderpool met with Evangelos Venizelos, Mini s te ι · of Cu ltuι·e of Gι·e ece, who was on an official two-day visit to New York City. Mr. Venizelos was a prominent constitutionalist and former PΙΌfesso ι ·ofCo n s titιιtional Law a t A ι ·isto tl e U ni veι-s it y in Thessaloniki prioι· to hi s po­ litical ca ι- ee ι -. The ASCSA delegati on took the opportunity to introduce hiιη to th e School's acti viti es in the U.S. and its pl ans for th e G e nnadiιι s Libι·aιγ 8 Pa ιι·ick Leig/1. Fe πno ι ; celebΓateclfo ι · his books on 17 ίs)οιπ11η>s tl1ωug l7 Gι<:ece and tl1e Ba/kans, BefoΓe ιhe MaΓclι. 111.eeting oftlι. e Pι ι b l ίcar ίons Coιn ι n ίrι ee, Janιes Η. Ortωvay, Jr. (ce11ιa), Clωiπnan pΓesel1ted the S ίxteenti1A11n ιι a l Wa lton LectιιΓe o,f'th.e Boa Γcl ofTωstees-, Hec toΓ Wil l ίaιns ( Γig lιt), Publίcat ions Cοιnηιίιιee Clι. α ί πηαη , and Α Ι α η L. at tlι. e Gennaclίus Lίbπιηι on Mcσc/1. 18 to απ Boege/70/d (nor ρ ic ru.ι·ed) , Managing Cο ιη ι n ί ιιee C/1({ί π1ιαη, v ί s ί ted Ηοηια Thonψson at Ιιίs aρan­ aιι.dίence of soιne 400 ρeople. His· lectι ι. re nJ.ent ίn Higlι.tstoy, ι n, New J e ι ·s-ey, ι ο clίscιιss ι ι αι·ίοιι .s Agora vo lu nιes ίη ρωg ι ·e .s.s . Plωto Κ. Α . Cox covaed l1ίs life s t Γaιιels to date, Ι · viJ.ίc /1. began in Molclavίa ίη 1933. Pl7oto C. Μαιι zy n, The Gennadius LibΓary was the setting 0 11 Fe bru aJΎ 25 fo r a dinner to announ ce the ΝΕΗ Challenge Grant of $625,000. Hosted At th e D ece mb e Γ Managing Commjttee by Catherine deG. Vanderpool, Execu­ meeting in New York, John Kroll, C h a iΓ­ ti ve Vice President ofthe School and Presi­ man of the Committee on Personnel, an­ de nt of the Libr a Γ y, the evening was nounced the foll owing new Γe prese nta ti ves: crowned with success when one of the Jack Cargill (Rutgers Uni versity), Jane guests, Takis Iliadis, PΓes id e nt of Shelman Chaplin (Middlebury Coll ege), Eric G. Swiss Hell eni c Wood Product Ma nu fac tuΓ­ Csapo (Unjversity ofToronto), John Duffy e Γ s , S.A., pl edged $200,000 in h o n oιΌf hi s ( Dumb aΓt o n Oaks), Christopher Faraone late mother-in-law, Dory Papastratou. (U ni νe Γ s it y of Chicago), Kevin Glowacki (lndiana U ni νe Γ s it y), Frederick Hemans n, (Wi c hita S tate U ni vers ity), Liane Charles Κ. Williams, 11, Corinth Excava­ Houghtalin ( M aΓy Washington College), ti on DiΓector, presented "The A Γc h aeo l ogy Jeremy Mclnerney (Uni versity of Penn ­ of Conquest in Corinth" in mid - J a nu aσ to Wίllίa nι R. ι--αιταηc/, Un ive,.s·ity oj'Mίclι. ίgan , sylvania), Blaise Nagy (College ofthe Holy packed audi ences at the Metropolitan Mu­ cleli vaed t lιe Fifti'ι Annιιal Wί e n e r Laborato Γ)' Lec tιιre ση MaΓc l1 4. Η ίs subje c ι ~vas CΓoss), Martha Risser (τrini ty Coll ege), seum of Art, as p aΓ t of the Me tωp o lit a n "Geo l og i ωl Srι ·αιίgωρ l1γ a11cl Clιω11ologίca l Christina Salowey (Hollins Coll ege), Vir­ Museum Special M eιηb ers hip Lec tuΓe P ω­ D ί κοηtίηιιίrίes· ίn tl1.e Fωnchtl1 i Cave­ ginia Stojanovic (Wilson Coll ege), and gram, co-sponsored by the New Υο Γ k So­ lnψlicat ί ol1s jM Cu l tιιΓa ! History." Stuart Wheeler (U ni ve ι ·s it y of Rjc hιη o nd ). ciety of the Metropolitan M ιι se um of Art. I Phoro C. Maιι zy ι

ASCSA DiΓec to ι ·-e / ecr Jaιn e.\· D. Μιι171.Υ le cιιιι·e d ΟΙ! ' 'τπιde al1d Legenc/: τιι e /αιι Wlιi ι breac/, D i Γe c ι o ι · oj' ι l ι e Fi ι c lι La!Joι·aιoι-.y of ιlι e Briιislι Sclιool at Aιlιe11s, αιιd Η e c ιοι · Neff, Ph oen i cίan.s in rl1e Aegean," ar ι lιe Sc l ι. ools Unίvasίry o,f Μ ίssοιι ι · i-Cο/ιιηιb ί α, α ι Γec eρι i onjo Γ .ψ eake ι ·s αι ιh e Μαιτ /1 29 Wίe11a Lab Οp e ι ι Meetίιιg 011 Μα ι ·c/1 28. Ρ/7010 Μ. Μαι ι zγ Confaeιιce 011 s· c i e ι ι ι ijϊ c ιn e ι lιoc/s ί11 aΓc·lιaeolog ical excavaιίoιιs· wίι/ι sρecialι·efael1ce to Co l'i nιh . 9 possible ιnenora.h. Special attention has (cont.) School Reports been paid to the examination of lamp col­ lections fοι- examples beaι-ing Jewish sy ω ­ The ]ewish Diaspora in Late bols, in addition to forωs originating from Antique Greece the NeaΓ East. Απ iιηportant component of my di ssertation is the tΓade of Syro-Pales­ My reseaΓch this yeaι· at the Aιηeι-ican tinian la ι ηp s: the identification of s ιιch School in Ath ens and the W. F. Albright forωs in Greece woιι l d not only indicate Institute in J en ι sa l em investigates the ωa­ c ultu Γa l connections between these Medi­ te ι · i a l culture as well as the synagogal and te πa n ean lands, b ιιt also fιι rther illuminate ep i gΓap hi c evidence of the Jewish Diaspoι-a the extent to which such l aωps were traded in Greece ( H eb ι- ew Yavan) du ring the Ro­ a b ωad. ω a n and ea Γl y Byzantine peΓ i ods. Philo Although special emphasis will be given cites nuιη e ro u s Jewish co ωmιι n i t i es ο η the τl1. e αιιι /ωr bes·icle α Lίιn. estone synagogιι. e to the s tιιd y of n1 ateri al c ιιltιι re , several in­ Gι-eek mainl and as weJI as on several of caρίtαlfo und αι Corίnt/1. . Plωto S. Westoveι- t Γi g ιιin g sy n agog ιι e sites excavated during the Cycladi c island s (En1.bassy to Gαίιιs tl1 e nineteenth and ea Γi y twentieth ce ntιι ­ 28 1-2); a s imil aΓ li st of Greek cities men­ late antique Greece. At Athens, fοΓ ex­ ries also meri t close examinati on. For ex­ ti oning Jewish inhabitants appears in 1 ample, a moulded depiction of a hi ghl y styl­ ample, in 19 l 2-13 A n dn~ Pl assaΓ t of the Maccabees 15:23. ized ιnenora/1 (lampstand) with seven Ecole fra n ς;ai se d' Athenes excavated the Clay oil l a ιηp s, in sc ι-ipti o n s, and syna­ bι-a n c h es decoΓa tes the ce ntι-a l di scus of a eaΓli es t extant sy nagogue fιΌ ΠΊ the ancient gogal a ι- c hitec tuΓ a l elements offe Γ the most locall y ιη a nu fac tu ι-e d A tti c lamp recovered wo ι-ld ; the pιιbli c san c tιι a r y was di scovered substantial aΓc h aeo l og i ca l evidence attest­ in the Agora. Α second teιτacotta lamp at the northeast corner of the island of Delos ing to a Jewish presence at seveι-a l sites in foιι n d at Corinth also b eaΓs an image of a coιιι inu ed on page 15

Coarse Pottery of Southern coaΓse pottery, and the p at teΓn of di s tι-i bu ­ Women in Linear Β Tablets Epirus in Social Context tion of these waΓe s all changed quite rap­ idly in the Hell enistic and ea Γi y Roman Since Αι-thιι r Evans' excavati ons at the Palace of M inos at Knossos, questi ons Because we li ve in a π age of cheap, pe ιiods, and again in Late An ti qιιi ty . a b o ιιt the social position of Bronze Age ι- ea dil y avail abl e plasti cs and metals, we The changes o b se ι-ve d in local coaΓse­ woιη e n have fr e qυ e ntl y occupi ed both often take s iιηpl e ce Γ a ιηi c objects fο Γ waΓe pωd u c ti o n methods may be particu­ scholarl y and po pιιl ar attention. The s tΓik ­ g Γ a nted . But in the past, when metals were IMiy significant. Ethn ogΓap hi c s tιι dies have ingly prominent women in fΓescoes and m o ι- e expensive and pl astics were nonex­ shown that in most c ultιι Γes ceΓami c pro­ glyptic have ge n eΓa ll y been taken as evi­ istent, ce raωics we Γe an indispensable com­ duction pωce sses aΓe very co n serva ιi ve and dence of a ωιι c h hi gher s t a tιι s for women ponent of almost all aspects of eve ι-y d ay usuall y exhibit little significant change over in the Middle and Late B ω n ze Age than in ex istence. F ι -o m roof til es to water clocks, ti me. One ofthe reasons for tl1i s is that con­ later Greek hi story, and have also pωdυ ced f ι -ο ιη bΓ az i e r s to baby feeders-simple, siderabl e techni cal experti se is required to utilitari an clay obj ects offer us a compel­ produce "coaΓ se," ιι t ilitari a n pottery. It is the co r o ll a ι- y suppositi on th at Minoan ling glimpse in to the dail y li ves of the an­ very di ff i c ιιlt , for exa ιηpl e , to produce wo111en enj oyed a ιηιι c h hi gher social sta­ tιι s th an t h e iΓ Mycenaean co ιιnt e rp a rt s. c ie nt GΓ eeks and Ro ma ns. D o ιη es ti c cooking pots capable of withstanding the U nfo Γtιιn a t e l y, these ass ιιmpti o n s have coa r se w aΓes s ιι c h as cooking pots, basin s, seve Γe th eΓω a l and mechani cal stresses to Γ a ι- e ly been tested, and ο ιιr best evidence m o rt a ι-i a, and pl ates are especiall y in terest­ which such vessels aΓe ι- eg ul a Γi y subjected; fο Γ BronzeAge woιηe n has n eveΓ been fιιJl y ing because these co nlΠl o n h o ιι se h o ld items and once successful production proceduΓes fac toι- ed into the debate-the evidence on are all related to the pΓe p a r ati o n and con­ have been developed, they a ι- e rarely the Lin eaΓ Β tablets. My di ssertation will sumption of food. For sc h o l a Γ s inte Γes ted changed without good Γeaso n. Sudden in ancient economi c and social conditions changes in pω du ctio n technology onl y be the fiι- st co 111pι- eh e n s i ve study of woω e n in the Knossos and Pylos a ι- c hi ves. these humble vessels, though often oνe Γ­ seem to occ ιιr , th e ι- efo Γe, in p e Γi od s of ex­ The tabl ets f ι -ο 111 Knossos and Pylos Iooked, aΓe th e refo ι- e an important Γesο ιιΓce. tr eω e eco n o ιηic or social di sruption. d oc uιη e nt by na111e, title, or id eog r aω , sev­ Ι have spent this yeaΓ at the American The avail able lit e ι- aι-y sou Γces suggest eral th o ιι sand wo111en contributing to these School s tιιd y in g Helleni sti c, Roιηa n , and th at the late H e ll e ni s t ic/eaΓ i y R o ω a n palace eco n o ιηi es. Wo111en appear in the Late A ntiqιι e cookwares and other coa ι ·se peri od was indeed, at least fοι· so υth e rn tablets in three primary contexts: as reli ­ domesti c vessels fι -o m so uth e π1 E piιυ s. My Ep iιυ s, one of w id es pι- ea d po liti cal υp ­ gious officials, in do 111estic ο Γ fa ιηili a l con­ di ssertati on ΓeseaΓc h involves a close study heaval. As ι ηy r esea ι·c h shows, p a ι- a ll e l texts, ΟΓ as w o r keι-s, e ith e ι- as in d i v idιι a l s of po tte Γ y fι-ο ιη excavated contexts as well changes may be o b se ι-ve d in the importa­ Ο Γ as coll ecti ves. Women's tasks aΓe ex­ as s ιιΓf ace m a t e Γi a l co ll ected by the tion and p ωd u ct i o n of coaι·sewaΓes dυri ng tre ιη e l y vari ed and wo111 en do seem to ex­ Nikopoli s Regional S ιι rvey Project. Thi s tl1 e same pe Γ iod. Τ hιι s, changes at the level e Γc i se a g Γ eate Γ Γ a n ge of opportunity and wo Γk has shown that seveΓa l d i ffe Γe n t ιιt il i­ of simple domesti c vessels used fο Γ th at autonomy than their hi sto Γi ca l period de­ ta Γi a n w aΓ es we Γ e ιι sed in E pinι s fι -om the most basic of hιιm a n acti vities, the pΓep a­ scendants. Bronze Age wo ιη e n a Γe attested thiΓd ce ntιιΓy B.C. th ω u g h the fifth ce ntιιΓ y ration of food, s ιι gges t signi ficant social as l1 olding land leases, Γece i v in g rati ons A.D. Some of these (e.g., Po ιηpe ii a n Red tΓ an s fonηati o n as well. eq ιι a l to those of ιη e η , holding s ιιp e ι -v i so Γy WaΓe) weΓe imported. O th eΓ types we Γe Me l ίssa G. Μοο ι ·e Γes p o n s ibiliti es over other wo Γ keΓs, and produced locall y. My reseaΓc h suggests that Π1onψson Fellow 1996-97 exe ι- c i s in g control over p rec i o ιι s 111 etals and the Γ atios of imp o Γt e d to locall y pΓod ιι ce d n, vessel s, the ιηe th ods of pro dιι ct i o n of local ω ηtiιιιι ec/ on page 15

10 Study Center Nears Completion Soles (Uni versity qf North Caro1i11a); the K avo ιι s i Excavati ons, directed by ASCSA Pl~ίl ίp Ρ Betancourt, Laura Η. Ca Γne l l Pωfesso Γ ofΑr ι Hίs tory and A rc l~ a eo logy at Director William D. Ε. Co ιιl so 11 , Lesli e Temple Unίversίty and Execu t ίve D ίre(; tor oftl~e lnstίtutefor Aegean PΓehistory Preston D ay (Wabash College), a 11d (INSTA P), revίews recent deve lopιnen ts at tl1.e East C Γe te Study Cenler. Geraldine Gesell (University ofTennessee); and the Pseira Excavations, a synergas ίa directed by the writer and Costi s Davaras (Epho ι· of East Cι-e te). Two excavatio11s are cιιπently active in the area: the Late Mi11oa11 IIIC sett1eme11t at Hala s ιη eno s, a syne rgasίa directed by Williaιη D . Ε. Coιιlson and Metaxia Ts ip opo ιιl o ιι (24th Ephoreia of Pι-ehistoric a nd Classical Antiqιιities of Ayios Nikolaos); and Chrysokamino, ιιnder the diι-ection of the writer with co-directors Jωη es D. Mιιhly (ASCSA Director-elect) and Cheryl R. Floyd (Research andAdmin­ istrati ve Coordinator for the INSTAP Stιιdy Center for East Cι-ete). Three s ιιrv eys i11 the region will also ιι se the Stιιdy Ce11teι-: the G o ιιrni a Sιιrvey, di­ rected by L. Vance Watroιιs (SUNY, Bιιf­ falo); the Thriphti Sιιrvey, directed by Do 11 ald C. Haggis (U11i versity of North East CΓe te Study Centa η eαΓ conψl e tίon in Nov e nιb e r. Cω·olina at Chapel Hill); and a s ιιr vey in the region of Vωkastro directed by B ω· b ara The Insti tute for Aegean Pι-ehistoι-y room, s tιιd y and work spaces, and storage. Hayden (Uni versity of Pennsylvani a Μιι­ Study Center fοι- East Crete is set to open The Ce11ter will house sherds and other ma­ se ιιm of Anthropology and Archaeology) in SιιΠΊmeι- 1997. UnderconstΓιιction in the terial from Αιηeι-ίca11 excavations while and Jennifer Moody (Baylor University). s ιηall village ofPacheia Aιηrnos for the last they are being s tιιdi ed , prior to tΓal1 s fe ι- to a All of the projects, and fιιtιιr e America11 two years, its exter ioι- was cωηpleted by Greek faci lity. projects in the aΓ ea , will be able to ιι se the Fall 1996. With its 15,000 sq ιι are meters Thomas Bω ga n , a Ph.D. candidate at Stιιdy Ce11ter as their base of operations. of stιιdy space and storage, it will provide Βιγ n Mawr College and Assistant Direc­ In addition, the Center will be availabl e to sιιpport facilities for all of the A ιη erican tor of the MochJos Excavations, has been persons who wish to spend time s tιιd yi n g archaeological pιΌjects working in the east­ named the first DiΓectoΓ of the Study Cen­ there in the wi11ter. Truly, the Center is set eιη paΓt of Crete. ter, ass ιιmin g hi s dιιties in J a nιιary 1997. to make a major contribution to archaeol­ Bιιilt aroιιnd a coιιrtyard , the CenteΓ has There are c ιιιτ ent l y eight American ogy in a p a ι-ι of Greece where Ameι-icans thΓee sto Γi es plιιs an ample exterio Γ cο ιιΓt projects working in eastern Crete. Three have had an interest ever si nce Harriet Boyd in the back. It in c lιιd es a co mputeΓ Γοοm , a have completed excavation and aι-e now went there in 1900, first to Kavoιι s i and photographic st ιιdi o , a library, a conserva­ e11teri ng the s tιιdy phase: the Mochlos Ex­ later to Goιιrnia. tion l aboΓato r y , a drafting a11d dι-awi11g cavations, under the direction of Jeffrey

My work pωfited from sti mιιl a tin g con­ Mellon Fellow Looks Back versations with Mellon Professor Ronal d Andηej S. Cl~ankowskί , Unίvasίt)ι of WaΓsaw, ~vas an Assoc ίate Memba of tl~e Scl~ool S. Stroιιd , a specialist in Greek hi story and fοΓ ιh e fi r ·st t e n1~ of 1996- 97 on α Res·earch Fellowshίp granted by tl~e Ancl ι ηv W epigraphy. The School's intellectual a tιη o­ Mellon Foιιndatίon 's pΓOg ι ·aιnfoΓ Easιan European scl~olaΓs . Dιιrίng hίs tίn~e ίη sphere, which brings togetheι- sc h o l aΓs At/~ e ns, ι~ e benefited bothjΓOn~ tl~ e Sch.ool's ι ·e s e ω·c hfac ίlίtίes and ίts acaden7. ί C woι·ki11g on diverse topics ιι si n g vari ed pΓOgΓan~s , as l1.e Γec alls below. methodologies in classical studies, gave me the opportunity to have many impω1ant dis­ My primaιγ task at the Am eΓ i can School fac ilities of the Blegen Libι·ary, especially cussions, particιιlω·ly those with Whitehead was the pΓe p aτat i o l1 fοΓ publicatio11 of my in epigraphi caJ and archaeological pιιbli­ Pωfessoι-s Robe Γt W. Wallace and BaΓbara doctoι-al thesis, τh. e Ep l~ ebeίa ίη tl~ e Greek cati ons, this work is a lιη ost finished. Ι hope Tsakirgis, with ΝΕΗ Fellow Paul a PeΓlιηan , Cίtί es ofAsίa ΜίηοΓ durίng the H e ll e nίs tί c th e whole text of my book on Ephebeia will with Sergej Υιι . SapΓykin , visiti 11 g scholar Ραίοd , defended at the U 11i versity ofWaΓ­ be compl eted by the end of this academic fωm Moscow, as well as with ιη a n y stu­ saw in J a nιι aΓy 1996. This s tιιd y consists year. del1t Me111beΓs , some of w hοιη aι-e work­ of two major paι·ts , o 11 e desCΓiptive a11d one While dealing with a particulω·Iy impor­ ing on s ιιbj ec t s close to mine. docιιmentary . My woΓk conce n tΓa t ed 0 11 tal1t gωιι p of inscriptio11s, 11amely hol1or­ Ι wish to express thanks to the A11drew checkin g a11d Γewr itin g the second pan, ary insCΓiptiol1s fω ιη PeΓgamon , Ι realized W. Mellon Foιιndatio11 , to the DiΓector of with the aim of establishing a fυll cοφ ιι s that these docιιιηent s ι ·eq uiΓ ed a separate the School, William D. Ε . Co ιιl so11 , and to of epigΓap hi ca l evide11 ce Γelated to the com ιη e nt ary . Ι have written an a ι-ti c l e of all of the School staff, especiall y its Secre­ Ephebeia iι1 Asia Mi11or and in the lsla11ds aboιιt twe11ty pages 011 tl1eιη a11d anticipate tai·y, Roben Α. BΓidges , Jr., for pωviding of tl1e Aegean Sea. Thanks to the excell e11t its be i11 g published i11 the co ιηi11 g ιηo11th s. excell ent conditio11s fοι· work and re seaΓc h . 11 Excavation Cole ιηan (Corne11 University) to explore co ntinιιed fι-οιιι 11age 3 further the Neolithic and Archaic levels. Sanders Designated The Neolithic archjtectural reιηains all ap­ either the sleeping quarters were in undif­ peaΓ to be of doιηestic character with the Corinth Director ferentiated areas within each roon1 ΟΓ there houses ti ghtl y packed together, although At the December meeting of the may have been a Ioft above part, or most, there were also open spaces with h eaΓth s. Managing.Commjttee, Guy D. R. Sand­ of the ground floor space. At the Late Minoan IIIC site of ers was named Director of the Corinth Το Halasmenos in East Crete, excavations the southeast of the main archaeo- Excavations, succeeding Charles Κ . 1ogical zone, the Corinth tea ιη continued were continued by the DiieCtoΓ in conjunc­ WilliaΠΊs , 11, who retires on June 30, work on a Late Roman bath building for tion with Metaxia Tsipopoulou of the 24th 1997. the second yea.r in a row. The bath is well­ Ephoreia of Prehi storic and Classical An­ In hi s 1996-97 report, Mr. Wίlljan1s preserved to just above the floor level, with tiquities at Ayios Nikolaos. House reιηain s wrote, ' Ίt is with sοιηe sadness that 1arge aι·eas of its marble veneer still pre­ are well-preserved and in some pl aces ex­ [thjs] will be the final r e p o Γt that Ι sub­ se Γ νed ίn sί tu. lts small-scale c ru c i foπη plan ist up to a height of one meter. The walls mit, but it is with more sati sfaction that suggests that the building may be paΓt of a are constructed of carefully 1aid limestone Ι feel Ι leave Corinth in a healthy state larger pri vate complex. Excavation in ιhj s blocks held together with mud n10rtar. and in the hands of a nuιηbe r of capable area a1so concentrated on a second set of Doorways, floors, hearths, and benches are and experienced persons." trenches where earlier t.he Archaeological unusually we11-preserved and provide a The excavation's new Director Service had exposed an atrium of a villa or good picture of the doιη est ic architecture served as Associate Director under Mr. 1arge Roman town house. of the period. Williaιηs ιhj s past year and has worked In addition to the above excavations, at Corinth since 1984 as a surveyor, area surveys were conducted at Eliki by Steven supervisor, and pottery consultant. He Soter (S ιηith so nian Institution) with Dora brings to the position field experience Katsonopoulou and the University of fron1 fifteen projects in Greece, Cyprus, PatΓa s; at the Palace of Nestor at Ano and Portuga1, as director, field director, Englianos by Frederick Α . Cooper (Univer­ area supervisor, architect/surveyor, and sity of Minnesota); in the northwest pottery specialist. He also served for six Peloponnese jointly by Frederick Α. Coo­ years as Assistant Director of the Brit­ per and Joseph Alchermes (University of ish Schoo1 at Athens. Minnesota); and at Mount Lykaion in Mr. Sanders holds a Β . Α . from the Arcadia by David G. Romano (University University of Southaιηpton , an Μ . Α. of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology frοιη the University ofMissouri, and a and Anthropology). Study seasons took Ph.D. from the University of Birming­ pl ace in connection with previous excava­ ham, with a dissertation on "The Ty­ tions at Halai, Halieis, Isthrua, Kavousi, pology and Chronology of Byzantine Κο111Π1ο s, Lerna, Nemea, Samothrace, and Pottery at Corinth from 600 to 1150." Tsoungiza; in connection with surveys at Mr. Sanders lives in Athens with his Gournia, Pylos, and Vrokastro; and in con­ wife, Jan Motyka Sanders, and their two nection with joint Greek-Aιηer i can exca­ children, lsabe l Eirene and Elektra vations and surveys, at Actium and Maria. Mochlos.

Stone bowljί·oιη. Chηsoka nιίno excavatίons.

Excavations by CoopeΓating Institutions ing on Crete in t.he 7th century B.C. through ΝΕΗ Cι-e te were conducted at Chrysokaruno in East cο ιι ιίnιιedfι·οιιι. 11age Ι the conquest of by Rome in 67 B.C. Cι- e t e and at Halai in eastern Lokris. At Furtheπηore , other studies extrapolate from Chry so k a ιηino , Philip Ρ. B e tancouΓt in stitutions of the poleίs· of other regions what is known about the better attested (τeιηple UniνeΓsity) and hi s co11eagues of Greece, the view of Aristotle (and oth­ co ιηn1uniti es, especially Gortyn, to those concentrated on uncoverin g an Early ers, e.g., Plato and Ephorus) that the Cretan for whjch there is 1ess evidence. My objec­ Minoan coppeΓ smelting woΓkshop , the ρole ίs enjoyed a single polίteίa struck me tive was to prepare as detai led and com­ eaΓ lie s t smelting operation di scovered in as odd. As Ι puzzled over these observa­ prehensive a description as possible of the Crete. Excavators found fΓagnΊents from tions sο ιη e years ago, three questions took in stitutions of th e Cretan ρ oleίs while pot bellows, fuΓnace fragιηents , pieces of shape. First, did the evidence fοι· the social avoiding all such ex tΓapol a tioιΊ . Having copper ore, and tons of slag, some of it con­ and political in stitutions of the Cretan established what is known about their or­ tai ning small pell ets of copper. Po tt e Γy at ρol eίs support the shared polίteίa of garu zation, Ι next moved beyond a study the site dates to EaΓiy Minoan ΠΙ. The Aristotle? If so, what hi stori cal factors con­ of the individual poleίs to ex pl ore the evi­ workshop was located in a s ιηa11 apsidal tributed to this ιιnu s u a 1 situation? If not, dence for synchronic (ethnolingui stic and hut built of wooden posts with a hearth in ­ how aτe we to explain the literary tΓadition regional) and diachronic pattern s. side, a type ofb ιιildin g previously unknown in favor of the shared ρ ο lίte ί α? Text and Α description ofthe social and political in Crete. Α farn1house from Late Minoan Tr·ea tίs e addresses these questi ons. organi zati on of the individual ρoleίs and ΠΙ and ear li e ι · periods is also 1ocated at t.he Although other studies explore the in­ an analysis of featuτes s h a Γed by more than site. stitutions of the Cretan pole ίs, none sug­ one coi11Π1unjty fo rm the first section of my At Halai, excavations were res uιη ed for gests a comprehensive examination of all study. Its completion wi11 consume ιηy ef- one season undeΓ the direction of John Ε . the evidence frοιη the emergence of writ- conιinι ιed on f10ge 13 12 ΝΕΗ Houses cο ηιίιιιι ec/ fω ι ιι ρage 12 ωη ι ί ιιιι ec/ jί v ι ιι ρa ge I

fo ι·t s thi s s pι-in g and take ιηe once moι-e to in 480 B.C., onl y son1e foιιndation s and a Cι·e te to visit seve ι-al polis si tes that Ι have few wells and tl1 eίι- contents can be ι-ecog­ not yet exp l o ι- ed and to exa ι η in e seve ι · a l ni zed as belonging to Atheniaι1 h o ιι ses of in sc ι-iptions that ι- e quiι-e fuι-theι- study. the late Aι-chaic period. Α ιη οηg the co n clιι s ion s th at have e m e ι-ged Several of these Aι-cha i c fo ιιn dati ons and fω m ιη y woι-k thιι s fa ι- , some anti cipated well s a ι- e located o n the slopes of the and others s uφι-i s in g, is th at the fo ιιι · th ­ Aι-eopagos and ίι1 the so-called lndιι s tιial Di s­ ce ntuι- y lit e ι- aι-y poΓtΓait σf a s h a ι- ed p o lίt eίa trict, the low-lying a ι- ea be tween the was fιιnd aιη e nt a ll y flawed. This co n c lιι s i o n Aι-eopagos and the HilJ of the Ν y ιηph s , wheι·e raises im poι-t a nt hi sto ι-io g ι-aphi c questions we have b ette ι- evidence for h o ιι s in g in the about the methods of AΓi sto tl e and hi s s tιι ­ Classical peri od. ln addition ιο the well ­ dents and abo ιιt the role played by Crete in known Classical houses C and D ίn the ln­ Greek political th eo ι γ Was the Lycaeum dιι s tι · i al Di s tΓi c t , there is a ι-es id e nti al block uninfo rιη ed abo ιιt Cι-ete ? If so, why weι-e located south of South Stoa I. These small its s tιιd e nt s not sent to the island as th ey houses are contempoι-aneoιι s in date with appaΓently were to other communities to Sophocles and Thucydides; howeve ι ·, the ι-es i­ ga th e ι· info ι-mati o n ? Οι- did its mi srepresen­ dents of these bιιildin gs aΓe ιιnlik e ly to have tatio n of Cι·etan institutions ι- ef l ec t a been the social and eco noιηic eqιι al s of the bι-oadeι- pattern in ancient Greek th ought g ι- ea t w ιite rs of Cl assical Athens. The small Ηο ιιs e ojtl1 e G ι ·ee k Mosaί c, Fο ιιι-th Ce ntιtl")' a b o ιιt Cι·e te and the Cι-etans ? These hi sto­ size and s iωpl e fuιηi s hin g σf the ωoms , as B.C. Drawiιιg by Μ . Η. M cAll is teι- ri ographic i ss ιι es aι-e addressed in tl1 e sec­ well as the tools found in them, s ιιg ges t that ond p a ι-t of my study. the woι-king class lived h e ι-e . Given what we thaι1 those ι- ecove ι ·ed from the h o ιι ses at The literary and epi graphic texts to­ know of banausic activity in Athens, theι-e is Olynthos, all ow us to consider s ιι c h di verse get h e ι· pι-ov id e direct evide nce for the even the possibility that meti cs ι ·a th e ι · than topics as household econo n1 y, inψ o rt e d in stitutions of the Cι·etan p o l e ί s, but the citizens li ved so close to the Agoι-a. luxιπi es, and tl1e lives of woιηen. With the ιn ateι · i a l ι- ecord of post-Mycenaean Cι · e te The houses of the Hell eni sti c peΓiod in various objects ι-ecoveι-ed fι-on1 the houses is essenti al to the expl oration of polίs de­ ce ιltι-a l Athens aΓe known to us ιη os tly from and some of the contemporaneous texts, velopment, th e ιι-a c in g of se ttl e ι ηent pat­ tl1eir cisteιηs , which weι-e left when theAthe­ such as the speeches of the Attic o ι- ato ι- s , it terns and hi e ι-aΓc hi es, and the assessment nians cleaned ιιp a f"te ι- th e devastating attack wi ll be possible to dι- a w a fu ll e ι- and more of the ω l e σf the Cι-etan poleίs in bω ade ι­ ofSulla in 86 B.C. The Roman peι-iod houses accurate pi cture of the daily life of the an­ patteι-ns of communication and exchange. that weι-e then bιιilt in the same areas for­ cient ι- es id e nt s of centι-al Athens. Such evidence may be bωιι g ht to bea ι- pωf­ m e ι-ly occupied by th e CI <Ίss i cal and Helle­ itabl y not only upon hi storical questi ons, ni stic houses aΓe ge n e ι ·a ll y much laι-ger and bιιt also ιιp ο n the hi storiographic issues Ι much ιnore iωpι-e ss i ve th an those of the fifth mention above. My aim in ιη y MaΓch Tea century B.C. From these later buildings one DOE Funds Work Talk, " Κρητες αί εl ληιστ αί? Greek Hi s­ has the impression that the slopes of the toι-iography and the Cretan War," was to Areopagos b eca ιηe a hi g h-ι-ent di strict in inArchives d e m o n s tι-at e the value of such an int e ι · di s ­ Roιn an Athens. The s itιι a tion may be analo­ The U.S. D e paι-tm e nt of Education ciplinaι-y appωach to ancient hi sto rio g ι ·a­ go ιι s to that in Rome, where the Palatine Hill (DOE) has awaτded the School a thΓee-y ear phy. This talk, ιηy one formal obli gation, was aπ addι·ess ιηuch sought afteΓ by the po­ g ι-ant of $209,83 1 to support a mιιltipur­ was gladly ιιnd ertake n fοι- the privilege of litically inclined and wealthy Roιnan s. pose pι-op osa l fοι- the Blegen and having this yea Γ to devote ιη y e n e ι- g i es and My ι-esearch has taken ιη e fι-om the do­ Gennadeion Aι·chives. The funds will be attention to the s tιιdy of the ancient Cretan mestic a rchitectuι·e itself into the li ves of ιι sed to ίιηpων e the HVAC sys t e ιη ίη the pole ίs. the Athenians who oGcupied the houses. Blegen Aι-chives and to purchase shelving The s ιnall finds, altho~gh fewer in number and a ι -c hi va l housing mat e ι-i a l s fοι- the Blegen and GennadeionArchives. ln addi­ tion, the DOE funds in conΊb in a ti o n with Five Titles Published by ASCSA support from the ΝΕΗ Challenge Gι-ant n1 ake it possibl e to initiate pilot pι- ese ι-v a­ The following titles have been published by the School since July 1996. Orders ωay tion pωject s ίη both Aι-chives. Aι·c hivi st be placed with PatΓicia Α. Tanner at the School's Princeton office; e-mail orders to Natalia Yogeikoff will begin woι-k on mi­ pat@ ascsa.org. crofi lιηin g and di giti zin g the Sch li e ιηann Frederick Α. Cooper, The Temple of Apollo Bassitas, 1: The Architecture [$ll0], and Papers in the Gennadeion, while School ΠΙ: Illustrations [$90]. Ph otog ι ·a ph e ι- MaΓi e Mauzy will begin the Steven Lattimore, Isthmia ΥΠ: Sc:ulpture 11: Marble Sculpture, 1967- 1980 [$55]. electronic ca t a l og ιιin g of the A li son Fι·antz Photo g ι- a phi c Collection. The database D. Α. Amyx and PatΓicia Lawrence, He5perίa Suppleωent 28: Studίes in Archaίc catalogue wi ll in c lιιd e scanned iιη ages of Corίnthian Vase Painting [$65]. Miss Fι-antz 's photog ι-aph s. The two pilot Susan I. Rotroff, Agora ΧΧΙΧ: Hellenίstίc Pottery: Athenίan and Imported Wheelmade pωj ec t s aΓe an iιηp o ι-tant step towaΓd s in­ Table Ware and Related Materίal [$175]. co φoι- a tin g ιιp-to-date ιη e th ods of pι-e se ι-v ­ ing and accessing ιη a teι-ial s in th e Blegeι1 Maι-y Β. Moore, Agora ΧΧΧ: Atl1enίan Red-Figured and White-Ground Pottery [$160]. and G e nn ad iιι s Libraι-i es. 13 phenomena, and not least, grateful fο Γ h e Γ wo Γl d of ο ιι r host co ιιn try. In Har ι· y Bikakis, InMemoriam edi torial skill as co-a LJth o Γ of ηιιm eω ιι s ar­ the School had aή outstanding advocate, in ticles on the results ofthi s "ex hil a Γ at in g and all senses of the wo Γd . Eleanor Emlen Myers exhansting" exe Γc i se (see Newsletter, Fall Harry Bikakis was b o Γn in Athens on 1925-1997 1993). N ove ιηb e r 23, 1927. His fa th eΓ Myron was Ellie and Wil, aided by a grant from the fro m CΓ e t e, hi s mother Kate rini f ωm Nati onal Endowment fo r the Hnmanities, Sm y π1 a. After graduating from th e Ioni o have provided the School with a Γe s eaΓch School, Ηaιτy entered the U ni ve Γ s ity σf a Γ c l1iv e of e mine ntly useflll , bΓilli a ntly Athens to study law, gra dιι a tin g in 1952. cleai, extraordinaΓily bea ιιti fn l photogΓaphs AfteΓ s eΓvice in the army as an σffi ceΓ in of ancient ιηonnm e nt s and rnins, laΓge and cοιηιηιι ηί c a tίοη s , he was called to the bar small , with a matcl1ing database. Perhaps in 1954. Also in Ι 954, he maιτied Aliki the most spectacular of these is Tl~ e A e rίal Halepa, who had been worki ng for the Atlas ofAn c ί ent Cι-e re , a coll aboration with ASCSA excavations at the Ago Γ a a nd Gerald Cadogan, pιιbli s hed in 1992; each Le Γna. They had two children, Myωn (b. ιippl e of sand in the h a Γb OΓ at Koιrunos , 1955), now a d es i g n eΓ of jewelΓy in New each block of stone ο η shore, is s h aφ l y di s­ ΥοΓk , and Eirene (b. 1958, d. 197 1). tinct! AfteΓ many years of pΓacticing law in Elli e spent many solid months in the Athens, H aπy became the School lawyer daik.ΙΌom, adding each yeaΓ ' s woΓk to the in ι 979 dιιΓing the diΓec tor s hip of Ηe ι1Γ Υ collection. Her illness prevented her from Imιη e Γwahr . It was a happy co ll a boΓation , fini shing the latest batch of e nl a Γge ment s , which lasted ιιntil Haιτy's r e tiΓ e m e nt in Eleanor Eιn. l e n M) > eι-s ι-ecently fωιη Jordan and the Peloponnese, 1995. Duι· in g those yeaΓs , whil e the School as she had hoped. These have now been flouΓi s h ed and g Γew at a π astounding pace, Ellie Myers' inteι-es t s ce nt e ι- ed on child printed by Craig and Marie Maιιzy at the Η a ιτy was very active on its behalf, sec ιιr­ development and educati on, c ultuι-a l hi s­ School in Athens and ιη o unted and cata­ ing new land for all the School's excava­ to ι- y, and n a tuΓal hi s toι-y, especiall y biι-d s . l ogιιed by Wil , thιι s coιη pl e tin g the splen­ ti ons, overseeing legal aspects of the new Duι-in g Woι-ld War Π she was a volunteer did aichival legacy in whicl1 Elli e Myers lib nιΓy extension, handling permit problems at the Topaz (Utah) Japanese Relocati on played sncl1 a vitall y iιηp ona nt pait. and tax questions, and taking care of doz­ Center, w h e ι-e she directed art acti vities and Doreen C. Spίtze r ens of l esse Γ legal pωbl e m s fοΓ individιι a l reCΓeatio n fοι- childien. AfteΓ th e waι- she ~ Me ιηb eΓs and s tιιdent s. Hi s effoΓts eased and her husband, J. Wilson M yeΓS, joined the li ves and work of vi Γtuall y eve Γyon e the Ame Γi ca n Fι-i e nd s SeΓvice Coιηmittee ' s Zacharias (Harry) Bikakis associated with the ASCSA. Haπy's g Γ ea t ι-elief effoΓts in Germany. Back home again 1927-1996 ex peι-i e nc e ιηade him knowledgeable in the in Californi a, she helped found a school in wo ι · kin gs ofvaΓioιιs ιηini stΓi es, and he was Gι- ass Valley a nd taught at the Walde n a s killfιιl and effective negotiator. His ten­ Sc hool in B e ι-k e l ey. Later, in Michi gan ure as lawyer for the School was m a Γked where h e Γ hu sband was a professor of hu­ especiall y by a loyalty and real devotion to manities, she became a cons ιιlt ant fοι· day the institution and its Me ιnbers , which went caie centers, and also for Head StaΓt. faΓ beyond any professional association. E lli e is pωbably best known and Γ e­ H aπy was a trιιe fΓ i end and g Γea t c h a ιη­ m e mbeΓed by readeΓs of this Newsletter as pion of the American School in eve Γy pos­ l1alf of the team- the other half bei ng sible way. Hi s effective s ιιpport and wise Wil-that, in twenty consecutive seasons coun sel will be sorely mi ssed. since 1973, made archaeological fie ld -woΓk John Μc Κ. Ca nψ hi story with its low-altitude aerial s uιΎeys Dίrec t or, Αgοω Excava tί on5· of ιη οΓe then 150 ancient excavation sites in the Mediterranean, the Aegean, and the Middle East. Those lucky peisons, staff and Me mbe Γ s of the School, who have volιιn­ Darrell Α. Amyx teered their help to the My e Γ s team in this 1911-1997 vigo ι Όus e nteφι · i se know how it feels to Harry Bίkakis. Plωto C. Μαιι zγ be on th e gω und in a gal e-foΓce wind hold­ D a ιτ e ll Α . (D.A.) Amyx , pΓOfessoΓ ing a ι Όpe again st ιhe bιιckin g and plιιn g­ Hany Bikakis, l o n g- tiιηe lawyer for the e ι naίtus in the Histoiy of Art D e p aΓtιη e nt ing of a thiity-foot-long, cigaΓ-shaped bal­ An1 e Γi ca n School, died in Athens on Sep­ σf the U ni veΓsity of Cali foΓnia at B eΓke l ey loon tethered 600 feet in the ai Γ above, and tenΊbeΓ 3, 1996. The ASCSA is managed and a li felong fΓiend and associate of tl1 e dangling not one but two Γadio-contωlled by a gro ιιp of dedicated tωstees , staff in ASCSA, died at hi s hoιn e in Kensington, cameι-as! EνeΓyone can be g Γ atefιιl for the Atl1 ens and the U.S., and comn1ittee mem­ Califo ιηi a , on J a nιι a ry 10, 1997. ιιι1ίqιι e photo g Γaphic ex pe Γti se of whi ch beΓs in the U.S., whose effo Γt s aΓe nsnall y He received a Β .Α. in classics frο ιη Ellie was a c h ee Γfιιl and adept master, pro­ Iecognized, if not al•vays appΓeciated . Sιιp­ StanfoΓd University in 1930 and grad ιι a t e cessing and eva lιι ating negati ves ιιηd e Γ fΓe­ poι-ting th e ιη , l aΓge l y behind th e scenes, are degrees fωm the University of Califoιηia quently ιιn sy mpath et i c field conditions, others who hold key positions and carry out at Berkeley, an Μ . Α. in Latin in 1932 and gΓa teful also fο Γ her s ιιp e Γb p eΓso n a l port­ vital tasks. Chief a ιη o n g these is the law­ a Ph.D. in Latin and classical archaeology fol io of gω ιιnd-lev e l photo g Γaph s Γ e fl ec t­ yer in At l1 ens chosen to look after the ιη 1937. His association with the ASCSA ing h eΓ o b se Γv a tion s of natuΓal and c ultιι ι-a l School's inteΓests in the co ιηplex legal cο ηιίιιιι eι/ σ η ρa ge 15

14 Memoriam foι-n i a Press i11 I 988. Director cο ιιtiηιιecljΙΌιιι ρa ge 14 In the fall of 1996 he saw l1i s woΓk at cο ιιιίιιιι e{/jιοιιι ρage 2 · CoΓinth come to fruitio11 with theASCSA's began as a Fellow of the Archaeological publication of Studίes ίn Απ--ι1αίc Corίn­ bι-aι-ie s, are i11 tl1e ca ι· e of a profess ional Institute of Aιηerica in 1935-36, and he tl1. ίan Va se Paίntin g [Hespe rί a Sιιpplement Aι-chivist. τl1 e Wi e n e ι- Laborato ι -y, which Γetιιrned to the School in ι 957-58, 1965- XXVIII] , a co ll aboι-ative effort with opened six yeHrs ago, exte11ds the Hιιthor­ 66, and 1973-74. P a tι-icia Lawι-e11c e. Hi s a ι-tic l e, 'Άfter­ ity of its cHpacities into eve ι-y level of ar­ He joined tl1e Beι-ke l ey fac ulty in 1946. math," is a catalogue of ι ηa te ι- ia l suppl e­ chaeological Γese a ι ·c h . Α highly tι-Hi11ed Duri11g his ten u ι-e , he seι-ve d as c h a i ι- of tl1 e me11ti 11 g his woι·k publi shed by the School tech11i ciH11 ι 1οw ιη a int a i11 s an i11αeH s i11g l y Α Γ t Depar t ι ηent fι- ο ι η 1966 to 197 ι ; ass is­ i11 I 976 i11 Cor ί nt/1 ΥΠ , ii , but fo un d afte ι­ co 11ψl ex s ys te ιη of co mpu teι- s. tant dean i11 the Coll ege of Le tteι-s and Sci­ the cutoff σf I969 ο ι · o ιηit ted fοι- some other Ι11 ce ι-t a i11 esse11ti al areas of School li fe , el1 ce frο ι η 1964 to 1965; a11 d c uι-atoΓ of clas­ ι- easo 11 . Thi s a ι-ti c l e and Co rίnt /1 ΥΠ , ii to­ M a ι -y Lee Coul son, who has bee 11 teaching sical a ι-t in the U11i versity Art Museum frο ιη gether stand as a full co ιη p il at i o 11 of pail1t­ Byzanti11 e Α ι-t fο ι- Coll ege Yeaι- Ht Athe11 s, 1965 ro ι 976. e ι- s at prese 11 t ι- e pι-ese n te d i11 the coll ecti o11 has bee 11 a beneficent influe11 ce. Not ο 11Ι y His scholarly life was guided by hi s deep of the Cori nth Excavations. has she lectured at vaΓ i o u s Byzantine love of all thi11 gs Co ι · inthi a n , pa ι-ti c ul arl y He is s uΓv i ved by hi s wife, E l ea n o ι- , of mo11uments Hnd sites, but th Hnks to her, so­ th at a11 cie11t city's a ι- c h a i c painted p o tt e ιγ Kensingto 11 , whom he ιη a ιτί ed i11 I 936, and ciHbl e lu11 ches Hre provided six dHys a week Amo 11 g hi s le 11 gth y li st of dist i11 gui shed hi s d a u g hte Γ , Ell e11 A1111 e. i11 Loι · i11 g Hall. Al so th Hnks to h e ι · lov i11 g publ icati o11 s i11 a11 cie11t a11 a11d, speci ficall y, At hi s ι- equ es t , 11 0 ιη e m o ι-i a l se Γ v i ces a Γe a11d jιιdi c i o u s Htte11ti on, the School ga ι·d e 11 Co ι-inthi a 11 studies, is a three-volume woι-k , to be held a11d do11 ati o11 s i11 hi s m e ιη ο Γy may co11ti11ues to be w o 11d e Γful and l1as b eco ιη e Co rί n tl1ίan Vase-pa ίn t ίn g of the Arc l1aίc be se 11t to the A m e Γi ca l1 School i11 Athens. eve 11 more ge11 erall y usable. P e rίod , pιιbli s hed by th e Uni ve rsity ofCali- ~ Will intends to ι- e tiι-e a fte Γ Jul y 1997, whe11 hi s second te Γm as Director ends, to Η hon1e he will build in Chalkidiki . From th e Γe he will come to the School Hnd wo rk Β Diaspora Linear 011 publicati o11 of hi s excavati o11 s whe11 he cο ιιtί ι ιιι edfιοιιι ρage 10 cο ιιιίιιι ι ec!jΙΌηι ρage 10 is not actuall y in C Γe te making 11 ew di s­ o th e ι- goods. l11 011 e ι- e m ark a bl e instance, a in the Aegean Sea and dates to the fiΓs t cen­ coveri es Ο Γ testing pΓev i o u s fi11di11 gs. Let hi g h - Γa 11ki11 g wo ma11 ap p ea ι- s able to ι- e p ­ tuι-y B.C. Four in scriptio11 s co11taining the us hope that the fι-i e ndl y and stimulat i11 g ΓeSe l1t h e Γ se l f diΓec tl y i11 a di spute with tl1e ι e πη tl1eos l1yρsίstos (hi ghest god) we ι- e Htmosphere we hHve b ec oιη e used to Ht the central a ιιth o Γiti es, without a t rίos ac ti11 g fo u11d in the ιη a ί11 ι- ec t a 11 g ul a r hall , and a School will tι-an s iHte itself into Η tΓ a diti o l1 as go-between. l11 my di sse Γt at i o n , Ι will n1 arble thro11 e ο ι- "seat of Moses" (Matt. that will h ο 11 0 Γ yea Γ s he11 ce the memory of be loo ki11 g i11 g ι- ea t e r depth at such th e ιη es 23:2) was identified along the buildi11g's Will a11d M a ι -y Lee. as tas k di ffe ι ·e 11ti a ti o 11 between sexes, the western wa!J . Alan L. Boegel1old relative s at ιι ι-at i o11 of ι ηeη and wo 111 en i11 Typically desig 11 ated as ρΓOse u c /1. eί Managίng Con11nίttee C/1aί ι ·man the same pι·ofess i o n s, the exte11t ofwomen's ( praye ι- houses) in e pi g ι- a phi c a11d lite Γa ry ~ s up e Γ v i sory acti viti es, a11d the ex tent to sources, ea ι-l y Di as p o ι ·a sy 11 agogues, such whi ch wo men 's respo11 sibilities are sil11i ­ as the Delos s tιυ c tuι-e , were often co 11 verted Agora lar to those of ιη e η i11 a11 alogous positio 11 s. fωm pι-i va t e dwe lli11 gs. At Aeg i11 a, 11 0t fa ι­ cο ι ιιί ι ιιι eι/.fιοιιι ρa ge 7 Ι11 additio11 to a11 alyzing wo me11 's ω l es from the moder11 harbor, excavati o11 s co l1 - i11 the tab lets, 1 will be co ntΓ as ti11 g the gen­ ducted ΪΠ J 829 ex posed the Γe ιη a ii1 S of a de11 ce. Sιιppl e m e nted by pΓev i o u s l y pιιb­ d e ι- pι-ac ti ces ofLate Minoan Kn ossos with bas ilican-plan synagogue. li shed H Γ c h Heo l og i ca l and topogrHphical that of Myce11 aea11 Pylos. Ι hope to asce Γ­ At Cori11th , two aΓ c hitec tιιr a l elements dHtH, Hnd co 11 s id e Γe d alo11gs ide the lit e Γ a ι -y tail1 w h e th e Γ a wo ma11 's pos iti on in Late attest to the existence of at least o11 e a11d Hl1d e pi g ι -a phi c testimo11i a, thi s in ves ti ga­ Minoa 11 Crete is signifi cantl y di ffere11t fω ιη pωb a bl y two a11 cie11t synagogues: a lintel ti on will lead to Η clearer understHnding of that i11 Mycenaean Pylos. My di ssertati o 11 , with an incomplete GΓee k g Γ affit o ("Syna­ the key issues. The types of es t H bli s hιη e 11t , th e refo ι- e, focuses 011 two controversies, one gogue of the Hebre s") and a lin1esto11e the o ι- gH ni zH ti o n of the nΊ aΓke t , the reHso 11 s old a11d o11 e ι-e l a ti ve l y recent: the social capital with carved representati ons of fο ι- site selecti on, and th e n a tuΓe of the pos iti o 11 of Bronze Age wo me11 a11d the n1enoΓO t (l amps ta11d s), lul av ίιn (palm e rgas taίa (shops) will benefit fω m a Γ e­ ex te11t σf Myce11 aean i11flue11 ce 011 Mi11oa 11 fro11ds) , a11d a11 etrog (citro11 fΓUit ). assessment. Ι Hlso intend to address addi ­ society i11 the pe ι · i o d ofMyce 11 aean admin­ While Γ es idin g in J e ιυ sa l e m thi s spri11g, ti onal to pics, such HS the degree to whi ch i s tι-ati o l1 of Cι·e t e . Ι argue that ge 11d e ι · con­ [ shall compl ete publicati o11 s ι- egardi11 g the wome11 p a ι-ti c ip a t ed in producti on 11 0t des­ structi ol1 should be co n s id e Γed a11 iιηp o r­ sig11i ficant Syro-PHiesti11i a11 lamp fi11d s til1 ed fο ι- immedi ate domestic use, the na­ tant co ιηp o 11 e nt of eth11i c ide11tity and from Greece. ln order to ex pHnd the geo­ ture of state i11 vo lveme11t in i11dustry and hypothesize that if Mycenaea11 Crete dem­ grHphic rHnge of ιη y pωj ec t , Ι shHll also co ιηnΊ e Γce, a11d the co11tributio11 of the a ι ·­ O I1 S tΓ a t es substanti al di ffe Γ e n ces in ge l1 de ι­ visit Hdditioi1 Hl Gι- eco- R o ιη a 11 sy 11 agogue chHeo logicH I ev idence to ο uι- ul1d e Γ s t a l1d ­ ι- o l es a11d ideologies from the Myce 11 aean sites i11 As ia Mi11 or, p a ι · ti c ul a rl y those at ing ot· th e co 11t e ιηpo raΓy economic climate. ιη a i11l a 11d , we ιη ay suppose that so me fea­ Sardi s, Pri e11 e, a11d NicHea . Ultimately, Ι 111 thi s way, Ι aiιη to produce a work th Ht not tuι- es of Minoan ethnic and c ultιι ι-a l idel1 - should like to prepHre a well-illustrated only pΓese l1t S 11 ew evidence for the issues at tity survived ex t e ιη al d oιnin a ti o n . l suggest to me i11 co rpo Γa ti11 g these sites a11d fi11d s to ha11d, but also intτoduces i11novati ve perspec­ that an1o11 g these c ultuι- a l h o ld ove ι· s, p e ι · ­ provide an up-to-date tι-ea tm e nt of the ar­ ti ves fω m whi ch to Γeexamin e the str u c tu Γes haps we ιη ay ga i11 access to a CO I1 S tι · u c ti o l1 chaeology and hi story of G ι- eek J ew ι -y in of Atheni a11 i11du stry and commerce i11 Clas­ of ge 11d e ι- tl1 at is u11iqu ely Minoa 11 . late antiquity. sical a11d Helle11i stic tiιη es . B a rbaω Α. Olsen E rί c C. Lαρρ Π10m. as L. M ί lbank Eι ι gene Va nde φ oo l Fe llωv 1996-97 Sαιηιιel Η. Kress Fellow 1996-97 G. Ρ Stevens Fellow 1996-97 15 ... κο: ι ϊα λοιπ<~ ... 11C\\.., ιιπιlι1οtcs ... κο: ι ϊα λοιπ<~ ... ΠC\\.., ιιπι\ιωtL'" ... και ϊα λοιπ<~ ...

School Directory The Monemvas iotikos O ι η il os will hold its Publications Office tenth symposium of art and hi story, " Pίr ates Available and Corsairs," on Jul y 20- 22, 1997, at the Annoίιnces New Th eA ιη e ri c a n School ofCiassical Stud­ Chu rch of Saint Nicolas in Monemvasia. Distributor ies at Athens is run by a successful col­ The symposium, whi ch will focus on ac­ l a b o Γ a ti o n of 33 Trustees, 250 Manag­ ti on in the Medi terranean Sea, is open to As of Jul y 1, 1997, all Ameri can School in g Co n1 ι ηitt ee Members fΓO m 150 a11 interested persons. The symposium's titles produced by the Pub1ications Of­ Cooperating In s ti tιιti o n s , and an admin­ organi zing committee includes Gennadius fice will be di stributed by the Uni ver­ istrati ve staff of 6 1, of whom 45 a t"e in Library Director Haris Kalligas and sity of Pennsylvani a Museum of Ar­ G t"eece and 16 in the U.S. They are Angeliki Laiou, Dumbarton Oaks and chaeology and Anthropology in listed in the School Directo Γ y , avail able Harvard Uni versity, the School's first Philadelphia. For orders and info rma­ ti on call the Museum at 1-800-3 06- from the U.S . offices at 6-8 Charlton Samuel Η . Kress Pro fessor of Hell eni c Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540- Studies in 1978-79. Info rmati on on the 1941 . The Uni versity Mu se uιη accepts payment by credit card. 5232, and on the World Wide Web at sy ιηpo s ium can be obtained from: Hari s www.ascsa . o Γg. Kalli gas, The Genn adius Library, 6 I Souidi as StΓee t , GR-10 6 76 Athens; Tel: n, 011-301-721-05 36; Fax: 011 -301-723- The Society for the Preserv ati on of the 7767. Stephen G. Miller, ASCSA 1968-72, Di ­ Greek Heritage and the Snύth so ni a n lnsti­ rector of the School 1982- 87, Managing tution presented a lecture on May I , l 997, Commjttee 1980- , Pro fesso Γ of Cl assical Bronze Age scholars gathered at the Uni­ by ASCSA Trustee Marianne McDonald, Archaeology at the University of Ca li fo ι· ­ versity of Cincinnati Apri1 18-20 for a Professor of Classics and Theater at the ni a at Berkeley and Director of ιh e Nemea conference, "The Aegean and the Orient Uni versity of California at San Di ego and Excavations, received an honorary d oc t o ι·­ in the Second Millennium," celebrating fo under of the Thesaurus Linguae GΓaecae ate of philosophy in archaeo1ogy fr ο ιη the the 70th a nni ve r sa Γ y of the aπi va l at the Project. Her 1ecture, "The Enduring Yalue Uni versity of Athens this past October. In Uni versity of Carl W. Blegen, whose im­ of Greek Mythology and the Stars," was addition, Mr. Miller was a w aΓde d a Di stin­ measurab1e service to the ASCSA began followed by a signing of her new book, gui shed S e Γvi ce Medal by the G ove ιη o r of as School Secretary 19 I 3- 20, and contin­ Tales oj" the Co n s te lla tίo n, the Myths and the Co Γinthi a and is currently the onl y non­ ued as Assistant and Acting Director Legends oj" the Nίg ht Sky. 1920- 27 , DiΓec tor 1948-49, and Profes­ Greek member of the Minister of Culture's n, Advisory Committee on the Repatri ati on so Γ of Archaeology I 949- 71 . Among con­ of the Parthenon Scu1pture. ference participants were many associates Ple ίstocene and Holocene F auna oj" Crete n, and friends ofthe School , inc1uding James and ί ι s Fί rst Settlers, edited by David S. D. Muhly, ASCSA Director-elect; Katie Reese, ASCSA J acob Hllsch Fellow 1983- At l1 e nίan Potιeι-s and Pa ί nte rs , the pro­ Demakopoulou, Director of the National 84, of the Field Museum of Natural Hi s­ ceedings of the pottery conference held at Archaeological Museum in Athens; con­ tory Department of Anthropo1ogy, was pub­ the School in December 1994, edited by ference co -dir ec toΓ s Diane Harris-Cline, li shed in 1996 by the Prehi story Press. John Η. Oakley, the Coll ege of Willi a ιη ASCSA 1982- 83 and 1997 Summer Ses­ Appearing as "Monographs in World and M a Γ y , William D. Ε. Coulson, School sion Director, and Eric Cline, ASCSA Archaeology Ν ο. 28," it includes among DiΓec t o Γ , and Olga Palagia, Uni versity of 1990-91; and Jack L. Davis, ASCSA its contributors Wi ener Laboratory 1992- Ath ens, was just published by Oxbow 1974-76, Publicati ons Committee Mem­ 93 Fellows in Faunal Studies, Walter Ε. Books 1997. ber from the University of Cincinnati. Klippel and Lynn Μ. Snyder.

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