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Michigan High School Reform's Effect on Community College Students' Preparedness For Michigan High School Reform’s Effect on Community College Students’ Preparedness for College-Level Courses by Diana M. Baran A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education (Educational Leadership) at the University of Michigan-Dearborn 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bonnie Beyer, Chair Assistant Professor Jisu Han Professor Kim Killu © 2016, Diana M. Baran All Rights Reserved. i Acknowledgments To the Office of Research at the community college studied in this paper, for gathering the data and answering my many questions about the data. To Dr. Corey Powell, CSCAR Statistical Consultant, for answering my countless questions, steering me down paths I was able to investigate and learn a lot from, and ultimately confirming I found solid ground to base my findings. To Dr. Bonnie Beyer, who taught my first doctoral course in a way that made me want to keep going, for keeping me moving without paralyzing me with fear. To Dr. Chris Burke, who taught my first on-campus doctoral course, for making everyone in the room feel very comfortable and confident when we were scared to death to embark on this journey. To Dr. Laura Reynolds who taught my favorite class in the program, Quantitative Research Methods, for making past statistics classes make sense for me and serve a useful purpose. To Dr. Maiyoua Vang, former UM-Dearborn Assistant Professor in the Department of Education, who read and revised my research proposal while it was in the design phase. Her tedious, pain-staking efforts were incredibly helpful and a powerful incentive. To my committee, Dr. Bonnie Beyer, Dr. Jisu Han, and Dr. Kim Killu– for lending your expertise and advice through the process. To Dr. Christopher Tremblay, Associate Provost for Enrollment Management at Western Michigan University, for being the over achiever in the class that everyone aspired to be. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................... v List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Remedial Education, Legislation, and the Michigan Merit Curriculum ......................................................... 2 Statement of Problem ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Framework of the Study ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Research Question ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 Research Hypotheses ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Delimitations ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Chapter Two: Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 15 Remedial Class Placement ............................................................................................................................................. 15 Politics of Remedial Education .................................................................................................................................... 16 Evolution of Michigan Merit Curriculum ................................................................................................................. 17 Constrained Curriculums ............................................................................................................................................... 25 History of Achieving the Dream Initiative .............................................................................................................. 29 Before the Implementation of the Michigan Merit Curriculum ..................................................................... 31 After Implementation of the Michigan Merit Curriculum ................................................................................ 32 iii Gender, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in Education ..................................................................................... 33 Literature Review Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Chapter Three: Research Methodology ........................................................................................................ 36 Participants .......................................................................................................................................................................... 37 The Controlled for Variables ........................................................................................................................................ 39 Instruments .......................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Research Design ................................................................................................................................................................. 50 Description of Procedures ............................................................................................................................................. 51 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Anticipated Ethical Issues .............................................................................................................................................. 54 Chapter Four: Research Findings ................................................................................................................... 55 Preliminary Findings ....................................................................................................................................................... 55 Binomial Logistic Regressions Findings .................................................................................................................. 65 Chapter Five: Discussion, Recommendations, and Conclusions ....................................................... 75 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................ 98 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110 References .............................................................................................................................................................. 115 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................................................ 135 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................................................. 137 iv List of Figures Figure 1 Michigan Economic Activity Index .................................................................................. 6 Figure 2 Math - ATD Ranking Average by Year .......................................................................... 57 Figure 3 Writing - ATD Ranking Average by Year ...................................................................... 58 Figure 4 Writing and Reading ATD Ranking Averages by Year (Side by Side) .......................... 59 Figure 5 Race of Students by High School Graduation Year ....................................................... 61 Figure 6 Average FRL Rate by High School Graduating Year ................................................... 64 Figure 7 Michigan Statewide Manufacturing Employees 2006-2016 .......................................... 79 Figure 8
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