Remote Radio Systems & FTTA
The future for mobile communications cabling infrastructure … What are Remote Radio Systems?
Conventional System Remote Radio System
• Use of corrugated • RRH on tower coax cables • Fiber optic and 48V • 50% feeder losses power feeders • Distance max. 100m • Distance up to 20km • Usage decreasing • Usage increasing, becomes dominating solution
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 2 Reduction of Operating Costs (OPEX)
Remote Radio System • No RF feeder losses, less cooling • Remote radio systems reduce energy consumption by up to 50%, less site power equipment including batteries required • Network costs – ⅓ rent, technical maintenance, data backhaul – ⅔ energy consumption • Network costs account, on average, for 30% of total operating costs (OPEX).
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 3 Reduction of Installation Costs (CAPEX)
Remote Radio System • Longer distances and more innovative network architectures • Easier site acquisition and lower rental costs, no traditional telecom room required • No crane required (no BTS or container on roof) • No high-power provisioning • Faster network rollouts
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 4 Structural Implications
6 Sector Install (100m Tower) RF
• Coaxial Cable (1 5/8” Foam) = (1.6 Kg/m X 12) X 100 • Total = 1,920 Kg • Does not include TMA or Earthing
6 Sector Install (100m Tower) RRH • Optical Cable (12F) – 6 Kg • FTTA Box – 3 Kg • RRHs (6) – 120 Kg • Power Cable – 180 Kg • Total = 309 Kg
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 5 Global mobile trends 2013–2018
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 6 Trends
Installation Shift
De-bundling Easier to Deploy
Future Proof
Reduces Costs / Field Failures
Discrete Solution “Scale-able” «OEM turnkey Solution» Supports Multi Vendor Installs
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 7 How operators cope with mobile data explosion?
#1 IMPROVE MACRO LAYER
#2 DENSIFY MACRO LAYER
#3 ADD SMALL-CELL LAYER
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 8 How operators cope with mobile data explosion?
#1 IMPROVE MACRO LAYER
#2 DENSIFY MACRO LAYER
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 9 Typical Macro Cell Site Scenario.....
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 10 Frequency refarming
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
2G/GSM 2G/ 3G 3G/UMTS
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 11 Frequency refarming (2)
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
2G/ 3G 2G/ LTE 3G/UMTS
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 12 Frequency auction – LTE in new band
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
4G/LTE 2G/ 3G 2G/ 4G 3G/UMTS
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 13 LTE capacity enhancement
800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
4G/LTE 2G/ 3G 2G/ 4G 3G/UMTS 4G/LTE
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 14 120 ° sectors to 60 ° sectors .
• Tower Loading Issues • Scalable / Future-Proof • Time to Market / Deploy • Total Cost of Ownership . 800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600MHz
4G/LTE 2G/ 3G 2G/ LTE adv 3G/UMTS 4G/LTE
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 15 RRH Installation System Growth Drivers......
More FTTA, PTTA, HTTA Opportunity per Site
Low inductance Cable
Easier / Quicker to install solutions
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions Singlemode vs Multimode
• Singlemode • Given the data rates already shown the push is clearly towards Singlemode • Bend insensitive SM fibre now much closer delta to MM fibre cost
• Multimode • Distance limitations for higher data rates .... OM2 ? OM3 ? OM4 ? • OEM’s pushing Operators to take turnkey Remote Radio systems using MM including ‘their’ MM SFP’s – or risk voiding the warranties
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 17 New Trends
• More and more systems deployed • users want better coverage More traffic • Smaller cells • More frequency bands
• Revenue per end-user is dropping Commodity Products Cost pressure on system hardware.
• Small cell concept • Many small BTS for local coverage.
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 18 New Requirements
• Space • Equipment size • Connector footprint
• Number of connectors increases
• EMI, PIM
• Maintenace and Service • Same look and feel • Safe • Simple/ One handed
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (for Mobile Operator)
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 19 RRH Installation Scenarios RRH FO Connectivity (The OEM’s) Many Vendors – Many Interfaces – Different Cable OD’s Connectorised
MM or SM Different Breakout lengths 7 / 5.5 / 4.8mm OD typ.
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 21 Discrete Cables - Fiber
• Avaialble to all OEM stds • Connectorised • LC to LC • With or Without Glands/Boots • PUR / LSFH Cable (UL1666) • 7.0, 5.5 & 4.8mm OD
• Temp.range -40 °°° to 75 / 85 °°°C • Animal bite options available
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 22 Discrete Cables - Power
2 core shielded Power Cable •LSFH TM Jacket Material •Stranded Copper • 2 x 4 mm 2 • 2 x 6 mm 2 • 2 x 10 mm 2 • 2 x 16 mm 2
Cable Clamps •Combined for Fiber and Power cables
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 23 Discrete Hybrid cables
Single or Dual fibre pair
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 24 Multi-fibre riser + Box
RRH Jumper Cables •Pre-terminated assemblies •Changeable as connectivity changes •Reduces field breakage costs
FTTA Box •LC / MTP patch connections •Easy installation •Easy upgrade •Scalable up to 12 RRH‘s
Riser assembly •MTP option, pre-terminated, up to 24 fibers •Pulling and protection tube •Quick installation, plug and play
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 25 Multi-fibre riser + box
LC duplex to RRH Connectivity
LC-HQ uniboot
FTTA box 6 RRH
for 6 or 12 RRH
LC-HQ uniboot
FTTA box 12 RRH
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 26 Multi-fibre boxless
Multi-fibre riser • Only one fiber riser for up to 12 RRH • No Mast Mount boxes • Reduced real estate • Push-pull extension terminated for multi-vendor installs RRH Jumpers •Push-pull plug to RRH Interface •Reduces on-site Installation time / failures •Easy swap out / Upgrade of RRH
Preferred FTTA solution Cost efficient Short lead time up to 12 RRH installation Stock items
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 27 Multi-fibre boxless
Push-pull plug to RRH Connectivity Push-pull extension
for 6 or 12 RRH
LC-HQ uniboot
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 28 Multi-power boxless
Riser • Only one power cable for 3 & 6 RRH • No Mast Mount boxes • Reduced real estate • Lowest installed cost • Optional connectorisation
Optional RRH Jumpers •Connectorised Power jumpers •Reduces on-site Installation time
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 29 Multi-fibre boxless bulkhead
Multi-fibre riser • Only one fiber riser for up to 12 RRH • Compact Connectorised head • Reduced real estate • Push-pull extension terminated for multi-vendor installs RRH Jumpers •Push-pull plug to RRH Interface •Reduces on-site Installation time / failures •Easy swap out / Upgrade of RRH
Pre-connectorised FTTA Cost efficient Integrated hoisting solution up to 12 RRH installation fixture
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 30 Hybrid Cables Why Hybrid Cables......
3 Sectors with RF Corrugated Coax Cables
MLE Hybrid for 3 RRHs
Discrete Cables for 3 RRHs
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 32 Why Hybrid Cables......
6 ‘Old’ TMO Antennas with RF Corrugated Coax Cables
3 x 3/6 MLE cables (supplying 3 x 3 Ericsson AIR Antennas - 18 Technologies)
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 33 Flexible hybrid – Ease of deployment
Flexible Cable Construction
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 34 Current hybrid cables
Properties • 1/2 up to 10/24 • 4mm2 up to 25mm2 • 5mm bundled fiber cable (up to 24 fibers) • Two wires for each RRH. • Copper tape for screening • 10mm2 Drain wire for easy grounding in BTS. • Ripcord between copper foil and jacket. Company Confidential Company
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 35 Boxed hybrid
RRH Jumper Cables •Pre-terminated assemblies •Changeable as connectivity changes •Reduces field breakage costs
HTTA Box •Easy installation •Easy upgrade •Connectorised option •OVP Capability
MLCH Riser Cable •6 Pair Power 10, 8 or 6AWG •MASTERLINE classic up to 24 fibers •Pulling and protection tube •LCD or MTP termination
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 36 Boxless hybrid
MLEH • Only one hybrid cable for 3 to 10 RRH • No Mast Mount boxes • Reduced real estate • Low installed cost • Q-ODC extn terminated fiber for multi-vendor installs at RRH end • MASTERLINE classic LC Duplex termination at BBU End • Power cable connectorised or blunt cut • Easy overlength management – no special tools required • No fast wrap / sealing on site required • Easy to deploy • 3-10 Pair Power 10 or 6mm sq
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 37 Boxless hybrid – some configurations
Push-pull plug 3/3 to RRH Connectivity
Blunt cut power at Equipment end LC-HQ uniboot to 6/6 6/6 equipment
6/12
Power plug to RRH Connectivity 9/18
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions only one cable per multi-RRU install 38 Boxless Hybrid bulkhead
MLUH • Only one hybrid cable for 3 to 6 RRH • Connectorised Compact head • Reduced real estate • Low installed cost • Q-ODC extn terminated fiber for multi-vendor installs at RRH end • MASTERLINE classic LC Duplex termination at BBU End • Power connectors • Easy overlength management – no special tools required • No fast wrap / sealing on site required • True Plug and Play Hybrid
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 39 Fixing of the FO branches
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 40 Installation aids –Animation/Video and Instructions
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 41 Installation aids – Ease of Install
Simple Over-length Management
Standard Grounding Kits
Integrated, Intuitive Pulling & Clamping Features
Integrated Protection tube / Cabinet entry gland
Integrated 6 AWG Drain / Ground
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 42 Hybrid Solutions – Globally Installed
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 43 Hybrid Solutions – Globally Installed
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 44 Contents Spanners in the Works ..... Odd requirements Bird Attack Solutions
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 46 Current hybrid cables
Inductance
General In electromagnetism, inductance is the property of a conductor by which a change in current in the conductor "induces" (creates) a voltage in both the conductor itself (self-inductance) and in any nearby conductors (mutual inductance) Source: Wikipedia . Problem: With LTE radios the power is sent as pulses, due to this pulsing effect the RRH induces a self-inductance voltage. This physical effect generates a temporary voltage drop. While the system is running on battery backup, this voltage drop can cause a system failure (insufficient voltage/power supply).
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 47 Inductance today
Current values (conventional cable construction) • Between 0.5uH/m up to 0.8uH/m Problem: • Temporary Drop Voltage while system running on battery backup.
• OEM’s system requirement: L’ ≤ 0.2uH/m.
Solution: Low inductance hybrid power cables Company Confidential Company
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 48 Measurement and comparing
Temporary voltage drop
10µS/100kHz Conventional version (separate power wires) Temporary voltage drop: ~8V Setting time: ~0.17ms
Low inductance hybrid cable (power coaxial Temporary voltage drop: ~3V wires) Setting time: ~0.03ms
Conditions of measurement: 20 meter cable length, 6mm 2, 20 °C temperature, Dielectric: XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), Conductor: copper
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 49 Some on-site ‘specials’ – normally in foreign climes !
Who needs two cable jacks/rollers ? Why not use a step ladder, a broom and one of the installers ??
Ooooooh it’s getting a bit heavy !!
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 50 Some on-site ‘specials’ – normally in foreign climes !
A little bit of Overkill for two antennae !
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 51 Some on-site ‘specials’ – normally in foreign climes !
Climbing tower Hong Kong style !
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 52 Complimentary Products
In Summary
Remote Radio Head systems are a reality • Offer the Operators the opportunity to increase data rates at ever- reducing cost deltas due to Opex reductions
• Offer the OEMs a new revenue stream with long-term, high value Managed Services deals
• Offer the Installers new opportunities to replace the declining copper feeder work • Training for new (FO) skills for the riggers • Next level of integration for ASPs
Excellence in Connectivity Solutions 53 Thank you