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HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY in SOUTH KOREA by Eric P. Foley Submitted in Partial

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HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY in SOUTH KOREA by Eric P. Foley Submitted in Partial NARRATIVE SHOCK: HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY IN SOUTH KOREA By Eric P. Foley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Management Program at the Weatherhead School of Management CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS NARRATIVE SHOCK: HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY IN SOUTH KOREA ..................................................................... 4 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction to the Studies That Comprise the Research Requirements for The Doctor of Management ........................................................................................................ 6 Purpose, Methods and Conclusions ..................................................................................... 9 Limitations and Future Research ....................................................................................... 21 Conclusion and Implications for Practice .......................................................................... 23 References ......................................................................................................................... 28 THE HAPPY MEMORIES OF NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS: DISCOVERING PERSONAL NARRATIVES OF HIDDEN HAPPINESS THROUGH DISINTEGRATIVE INQUIRY ........................................................................................ 30 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 31 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 32 Literature Review .............................................................................................................. 34 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 38 Findings ............................................................................................................................. 45 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 58 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 66 Appendix: Interview Protocol ........................................................................................... 68 References ......................................................................................................................... 69 List of Tables Table 1: Happy Memories by Category and Narrative Voice .............................. 46 List of Figures Figure 1: Diversity of Voice in the Narration of Happy Memories of Sharing a Meal .................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 2: Happiness Black Holes Reported By Life Segment (N=19) ................ 47 Figure 3: Navigating Through a Happiness “Black Hole” To a “Hidden Happiness” ............................................................................................................. 48 Figure 4: Happiness Composite ............................................................................ 49 Figure 5: Respondents Reporting No “Black Hole” (N=11) ................................ 50 Figure 6: Respondents Reporting Hidden Happinesses (N=19) ........................... 51 Figure 7: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Aged 22-38 (N=5) ................. 52 2 Figure 8: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Aged 45-57 (N=10) ............... 52 Figure 9: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Aged 60-77 (N=15) ............... 52 Figure 10: Happinesses Reported By Male Respondents (N=11) ........................ 53 Figure 11: Happinesses Reported By Female Respondents (N=19) .................... 54 Figure 12: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Living In SK 2 Years Or Less (N=8) ............................................................................................................. 55 Figure 13: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Living In SK 3-6 Years (N=13) ................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 14: Happinesses Reported By Respondents Living In SK 7-15 Years (N=9) ..................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 15: Hidden Happiness (Hh) In the Personal (P) Register: Imprisonment in China ................................................................................................................. 56 Figure 16: Happinesses Reported by Respondents with Less Than 1 Year NK/SK Interval (N=8) ........................................................................................... 57 Figure 17: Happinesses Reported by Respondents with 1-2 Years NK/SK Interval (N=11) ...................................................................................................... 57 Figure 18: Happinesses Reported by Respondents with 3-11 Years NK/SK Interval (N=11) ...................................................................................................... 57 HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS FIND MEANING IN SOUTH KOREA: INDUCING A HERO’S JOURNEY ................................................................. 73 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 74 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 75 Literature Review .............................................................................................................. 77 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 84 Findings ............................................................................................................................. 91 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 95 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix A: Survey Instrument (Non-Demographic Section) ...................................... 103 Appendix B: Hero’s Journey Journal Template ............................................................. 105 Appendix C: Hero’s Journey Sample Video Script ........................................................ 107 References ....................................................................................................................... 111 List of Tables Table 1: Average Difference in Outcome Variables Pre- and Post-Treatment .... 94 Table 2: ANOVA ................................................................................................. 95 3 NARRATIVE SHOCK: HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY IN SOUTH KOREA By Eric P. Foley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Integrative Paper for the Doctor of Management Program at the Weatherhead School of Management Advisors: Richard J. Boland, Jr., Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University James E. Gaskin, Ph.D., Brigham Young University Janaka Jayawickrama, Ph.D, Northumbria University Eugene A. Pierce, D.M., Case Western Reserve University CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY April 2015 4 NARRATIVE SHOCK: HELPING NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS NARRATE THEIR LIVES FULLY IN SOUTH KOREA ABSTRACT A mixed methods study considers the co-creation of life story narrative by North Korean (NK) defectors in South Korea (SK) and those who hear their narratives. In an initial qualitative study, 30 North Korean defectors discover happy memories previously omitted from their life story narratives through reconsideration prompts from interviewers. Discovery prompts a “valence change” in which defectors re-evaluate their life as being essentially happy rather than sad. An experimental treatment of 122 North Korean defectors newly arriving in South Korea is undertaken in order to extend the concept of reconsideration prompts to entire narrative frameworks through a narrative intervention. Experimental group means for eight meaning-in-life measurements increase while means in the control group decrease across the same variables. The present platforms for North Korean defector life story narration, e.g., immigration interrogations and defector-as-political-symbol “objective” accounts, are critiqued. New platforms and strategies for listening and hearing are commended. Key words: North Korean defector; meaning in life; life story; hero’s journey; narrative induction; refugee management. 5 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDIES THAT COMPRISE THE RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DOCTOR OF MANAGEMENT Agency and availability must be practiced by both participants in knowing together: for how one receives in storying directly affects what the other can give and how one gives directly affects what the other can receive. –Kevin Bradt, Story as a Way of Knowing Shin Dong Hyuk changed his very public life story. The life story Mr. Shin told with co-author Blaine Harden in the bestselling 2012 book, Escape from Camp 14, detailed a Gulag childhood filled with gruesome beatings, familial executions,
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