N OPENING

SEPTEMBER 9, 10and 11 he Sand a per Gal ery and Boo store ARCADE MALL CORNER OF MAIN AND WASHINGTON COLUMBIA, S.C. TELEPHONE 803-253-4633 lbu want more than talk whenyouask for a car loan. AtC&S.Bank you get action.•

Talking about that car you've had your eye on will get you nowhere fast. Come to C&S and turn talk into action with an action car loan. We'll explain how a low cost C&S loan can save you money. Arrange your C&S loan in advance, and be ready to bargain with more than just talk when that salesman names his deal. Talk is cheap. See C&S, where action speaks louder.

the action bank T HE CITIZENS AN D SOUTHERN NATI ONAL BAN K OF SOUTH CAROLINA Member F.D.I.C. Anderson • Camden • Charl eston • Columbia • Conway • Darlington • Fl orence • Gaffney Greenville · Greer · Inm an • Myrtl e Beach · Orangeburg • Rock Hill • Spart anburg • Sumter Let's put the O back in Sonoco.

There's one thing we at Sonoco want to be remembered by: our name. But people keep spelling it with a U instead of an O.Which is not just another way to spell Sonoco. It's another company. So to help you remember who we are, we'd like for you to remember, one: we don't pump gas for a living. And, two: our business is making things out of paper and plastics. Things like cones, cores and spools for textiles. Cores and tubes for paper manufacturers and converters. Cans, containers and folding cartons for packaging. Column forming tubes and underground pipe for construction. And underground vaults for the utility industry. What's more, each of the thousands of products we make is developed in some of the largest and most complete laboratories in the paper, cone and tube industry: our own. And none of them go to consumers. Because all our products are made to solve specialized industrial problems. We'd like to tell you more about all the things we \ do. If you'll write Sonoco Products Company, \\ Department SL,Hartsville, S.C. 29550, we'll ~ send you a copy of our ~\~ capabilities booklet. ~,~ Because other than I~ our name, there's at ~~ least one product we ~~ want to be remem- \1 bered by. ,c; The one we can make for you.

Sonoco Products Company. Innovators in paper and plastics. f•

~ ® so 485 THE MAGAZINE ,------, I Now your child 1 sandl apper. I can have the I I advantages of I READERS' COMMENTS 4 NEXT MONTH 6 I private tutoring.I A MINIATURE NA VY 9 Tom Hamrick W' Am.' I HAPPY TIME COMMUNITY CENTER 14 Patricia Stepp I e re enca s argest system I I of programmed learning centers­ COASTAL SHELL RINGS 17 Patricia McNeely and we've dramatically lowered the SCUPPERNONGS 20 Harold J. Sefick I I cost of tutoring for students from INTERNATIONAL ENTERTAINERS 25 T. Jerome Bishop I I first grade through college. I PHOTO STORY: SEASHORE CYCLISTS 28 Joel Nichols I We'd like to tell you more, and CHEROKEE FOOTHILLS SCENIC HIGHWAY 32 Beth Ann Klosky I we will-if you 'II come to see us I LITTLE ROCK: TOWN WITH A PUZZLE 38 Addison Barker I or give us a call. Thank you. I SALTWATER MARSHES 40 Edwin H. Stone MAIN DISHES FROM THE PEE DEE 46 Sue B. Keller I Mrs. R. Hoke Robinson, Director I PEONIES 48 Albert P. Hout I Suite 206, 2611 Forest Drive I INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON AGING 50 Larry Cribb Columbia, S.C. so3-2s4.1411 SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF 52 I I SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE 54 COLUMBIA ARTIST JANE RUARK 56 Larry Cribb I Leaming I SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORY ILLUSTRATED 59 I Foundations I JOHN BACHMAN I We make it easier to learn. I AND JOHN JAMES AUDUBON 60 Charles E. Thomas .. ______.. EVENTS 64 PUBLISHER'S PONDERING 67 PALMETTO QUIZ 68 CONFEDERATE MUNITIONS MANUFACTURE 74 Annelle M. Burriss THE BELL IN GOD'S FRONT YARD 78 Les Dane INTERESTING, UNUSUAL ITEMS AND SERVICES 79

PUBLISHER Robert Pearce Wilkins EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Delmar L. Roberts EVENTS EDITOR Beth Littlejohn ART DIRECTOR Michael F. Schumpert ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE~ Lewis Hay, Lois Quattlebaum CIRCULATION MANAGER Rose T. Wilkins CIRCULATION ASSIST ANTS Harry D. Hull, Kathryn F. Little Celia S. Truesdale, Anne Watson e STAFF ASSISTANTS Lewis Hay, Claudia Brinson

SANDLAPPER is published by Sandlapper Press, Inc., Robert Pearce Wilkins, president; Delmar L. Roberts, vice president editorial; Rose T. Wilkins, vice president and secretary.

SANDLAPPER-THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, September 1971, Volume 4, Number 7. Published monthly except for the combined May-June and July-August issues, making a total of 10 issues annually. Editorial and administrative offices are located on U.S. 378, West Columbia. s.c. MAI LING ADDRESS: All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, s.c. 29202. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, drawings and thread photographs submitted if they are to be returned. Query before submitting material. No responsi­ bility assumed for unsolicited materials. Second-class postage paid at Columbia, S.C. Subscription Lily thread sews smoother because rates: $9 a year in the United States and possessions; foreign countries, $12. Add 4% sales tax for it's stronger . fresher. cleaner ... it's the only thread that's cellophane­ South Carolina subscriptions. Copyright © 1971 by Sandlapper Press, Inc. Sandlapper is a regis­ tered trademark. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without sealed for freshness! written permission. LILY MILLS COMPANY, SHELBY, N.C. 28150 Cover: Low-Country Tidal Creek. Edwin Stone.

September 1971 3 READERS' COMMENTS

Sandlapper welcomes letters to the editor on matters of general in­ terest. We ask that the letters be held to 150 words or less. Excerpts from this month's letters are pre­ sented below.

I am trying to learn something about two old art forms and I un­ derstand they were done in the South many years ago. One is reverse painting; that is, painting on the back of glass. The other is painting on velvet with stencils. I think they used to call it "therims" [?].

Shirley Whitaker (Mrs. T. Whitaker) Worthington, Ohio

The article on Hartwell Lake in the August 1970 Sandlapper, by Beth Ann Klosky, was very interest­ ing and informative, especially the historical sites that will be no more. However, it may interest some of your readers to know that there are a few left, one being the Harrisburg Cemetery two miles east of Town­ ville on an island in Hartwell Lake. This is the family burial ground of IF YOU DON'T KNOW what charcoal mellowing does John Harris and his wife Mary, who for Jack Daniel's, w e'd suggest a talk with Herb Fanning. was the oldest daughter of Gen. Andrew Pickens. His farm was called Harrisburg Plantation, a grant H erb was the Jack Daniel purchasing agent for thirty of 1784 for Revolutionary service. years. So you can be sure he knows his whiskey. He has two government markers, Revolutionary War and the War of And he'll tell you there's no better 1812; also, a granite slab that was cut off of his farm. Many of his way to n1a ke it than with children and grandchildren are charcoal mellowing, the ancient CHARCOAL buried there, 59 in all. MELLOWED John Harris was born in Mary­ method Jack Daniel invented a land and came with his father, Rev. 6 John Harris, D.D., to Long Canes century ago. Aft er a chat with DROP near Calhoun Falls, later Abbeville Mr. Fanning, you'll agree he's a 6 District. According to Presbyterian BY DROP history, he preached at old Green­ pretty good convincer. But then, ville near Shoals Junction, Upper so is a sip of Jack Daniel 's. Long Cane at Abbeville, Hopewell Church 21h miles north of De la

TENNESSEE WHISKEY . 90 PROOF BY CHOI CE c, 1971, JackDanielDistillery, Lern Motlow,Prop., l nc. DISTILLED AND BOTTLED BY JACK DANIEL DI STILLER Y • LYNC HBURG ( POP. 361 ), TENN Sandlapper Howe School, Rocky River in they created before the Revolution­ Montrea section, and Little Moun­ ary war the fine set of bells that tain near Antreville in 1772. On ac­ still chime from the tower of Christ Deliciously count of the Indians and Tories, at Church, old North, in Boston, times he wore his powder horn Massachusetts. Also, such makers as Different . .. around his neck and set his musket the Meneeleys of Troy, New York, in the pulpit. In spite of British, In­ who created the bell in this order's dians, Tories and the devil, all five chapel in 1850, and went out of of these churches stand today, a business in the late 1950s after monument to him and his co­ being in business for over a century. workers for their unselfish service. Also, the major bell foundry in the -0~ Let's preserve a few of these sites country is ... the McShane in anticipation of a future genera­ foundry in Baltimore, Maryland, in - Made in Charleston si nce 1882- tion that might be interested in operation for well over a century. World-fa mous Benne-seed history. McShane is still in operation, there confections thus being two foundries in busi­ • BENNE COOKIES • W.G. Suttles ness in this country. • BENNE CANDIES• Iva, South Carolina For those of your readers inter­ • Including CHIPS • ested in hearing the finest carillons •STICKS• DROPS• in the United States, they should Plus . .. S tephan's Candies & The May-June issue of Sand­ hear the one at the Cathedral of SS. "Old Slave Mart Confections" Zapper was enthusiastically received Peter and Paul in Washington, D.C., When in Charleston, visit our old-fas hioned candy store for by those of us at Francis Marion a 53-bell job by Taylor, who also free sam ples ... take home a little College. The inclusion of our insti­ built the large ones at the Riverside bit of "Olde Charles Town." tution by Mr. Hamrick in his " 16 Church in New York City (largest Towns in 16 Hours" was particu­ one in the world) and Grace Cathe­ larly appreciated since 1970 was dral, Episcopal, San Francisco, Cali­ ---0~ our first year of operation and tre­ fornia. The 56-bell Paccard carillon 82 WENTWORTH STREET . CHARLESTO N. SOUTH CAR OLINA mendous energy has been exerted at the National Shrine of the Im­ to insure the building of a program maculate Conception in Washing­ to meet the educational needs of ton, D.C., was made by the oldest our area and the state. And in this bell founders in existence-they sense it was most rewarding for were founded in 1320 at Annecy. AstroTurf those of us at the college to see our ® institution described as "the newest Br. Lawrence Michael Gillikin SURFACES BY Monsanto and one of the finest advanced edu­ More cational institutions in the state." The Order of the Holy Cross Such support can only insure our West Park, New York NOW FOR continued efforts to build an insti­ tution of which South Carolina HOME USEI may be duly proud. Sandlapper received the following BEAUTIFUL ASTROTURF response from H. T. van Bergen of ACTION SURFACE FOR: Frank H. Crow Jr. Greenwood. Ed. • Patios Director of Public Relations • Porches. Sundecks Francis Marion College • Poolside Florence, South Carolina • Practice Putting Successful making of bells in­ • Kids ' Play Areas cludes not only the casting but While I enjoyed very much your much more important the correct article on the bells made in Green­ tuning. Until about 1945 American­ CALL OR STOP BY TODAY! wood, in the April issue, I would made bells have not been accepted South Carol ina Distributor like to correct two statements that to be used for carillons (23 or more the author made. bells are called a carillon). The • Her statement that no successful Meneely foundry in the state of bells were manufactured in the New York made a carillon for ®ntt?; .. Dayton (Ohio). Bells were cast ap­ 649 Rosewood Dr. United States before the mid-20th Columbia, S.C. 29201 century leaves one to wonder where proximately in tune. The van Ber­ 256-9956 the famed Revere foundry is left- gens tuned these bells about five

September 1971 5 ascends into the stratosphere .... The active products will be widely NEXT MONTH IN distributed and diluted to a practi­ cally harmless level before being re­ turned to the ground. A gently seeping (nuclear) reactor can put its SAND LAPP ER radioactive poison under a stable in­ version layer and concentrate it DALI JEWELS onto a few hundred square miles in By Beth B. Dickey a truly deadly fashion." In May 1970, Charles Ross, POINSETT BRIDGE former Federal Power Commis­ By Charles E. Thomas sioner, said before the Senate Sub­ committee on Anti-trust that atomic power has been "purchased CATAWBA INDIAN at the expense of nightmares for FOLKLORE generations to come." By Douglas Summers Brown In July 1969, David Lilienthal, A VISIT TO IRELAND first Chairman of the Atomic En­ By R.E. Ward Jr. ergy Commission, said, "Once a bright hope shared by all mankind, including myself, the vast prolifer­ CALENDAR OF EVENTS ation of atomic power plants has become one of the ugliest clouds • Art • Theatre • Tours overhanging America." No one, including this writer, • Music • Sports • Fairs wants to see America run short on • Lectures • Dance • Horse Shows power. But are nuclear-powered plants the only answer? Hardly! Night after night, we see on tele­ years ago. They are now in full use dents at power plants; a bad nuclear vision dramatic commercials from and to satisfaction. accident could kill 3-4,000 people, oil companies showing how they injure 40,000 others, contaminate continue to find fossil fuel. Day H. T. van Bergen up to 150,000 square miles; the after day, we read of rich new de­ Greenwood, South Carolina Brookhaven Report (WASH-740) posits of fossil fuels in various parts estimated the cost of a bad nuclear of the world and under the oceans. accident to be $7 billion in 1957 The genius of our technology has Congratulations on your "Sand­ dollars. Should a bad accident proved it can produce power from lap per Forum"! Whether your occur, the public would therefore nuclear energy should the supply of readers agree or disagree with the be left holding the bag for $6.4 bil­ fossil fuels become extant. I, for contents, it surely gave them some­ lion. Many insurance companies ex­ one, believe we should "cool it" as thing to think about-the relative em pt from their coverage damages far as using nuclear energy is con­ advantages and disadvantages of by nuclear accident as they exempt cerned unless and until such time as processing nuclear fuel, the conse­ from coverage damage from "acts it becomes necessary to do so. quences, and indeed the use of nu­ of God." Have men-or certain There is too much open and honest clear power plants themselves. men-now been empowered to disagreement on the part of quali­ Egan O'Connor writing in the usurp the previously divine right to fied scientists of all disciplines as to August 1970 issue of Engage, a devastate the human race? how to handle it safely and if it can publication of the General Board of Consider, if you will, these re­ be handled safely. Common sense Christian Social Concerns of the marks made in May 1965 by Dr. seems to dictate that we stop until United Methodist Church, made Edward Teller, father of the H­ we learn more; future generations some interesting points, to wit: The bomb, comparing nuclear reactors deserve no less. Price-Anderson Amendment to the with exploding nuclear bombs: Atomic Energy Act passed by the "There is one difference, and this (Miss) Dolly Hamby U.S. Congress in 1957 made utility difference makes the nuclear bomb Columbia, South Carolina companies liable for only $82 mil­ look like a relatively safe instru­ lion and the U.S. Government for ment. In case of an atmospheric nu­ only $4 78 million for nuclear acci- clear explosion, the radioactivity As a hitherto enthusiastic sub-

6 Sand lap per scriber to Sandlapper since Volume airliner might crash into an athletic drive away many of our present 1 Number 3, I want to express my stadium filled with people. The citizens. keen disappointment at your pre­ latter possibility is of course very Mary D. Lane sentation and distribution, as the real, and thousands of spectators · (Mrs. F. Woodman Lane) center eight pages of the May-June plus a few hundred passengers Seneca, South Carolina issue, of a one-sided article on the could die violent deaths in the re­ processing and storage of radio­ sultant holocaust if such an acci­ active materials in South Carolina. I dent were to occur. But we take ' 'Never before has Sandlapper would have expected you to that risk because it is so infinitesi­ donated editorial space to a contro­ present a balanced view on the basis mally small. I believe that the risk versial public issue. However, we of more complete information. of adverse consequences from the believe this is of concern to all Mr. Belser's article in Sandlapper processing of irradiated nuclear fuel South Carolinians .... " These are does not show the regard for tech­ and from the storage of nuclear your own words in the May/June nical reality that would be expected wastes is much smaller than the "Sandlapper Forum" preceding the from a man with the technical risks of aircraft accidents in general, article entitled "Is South Carolina training he is reported to have had. and that the Carolina Stadium full to Become a Dumping Ground for The fact is that the dire conse­ of Gamecock fans is more likely to the Entire Nation's Radioactive quences which he postulates are so be demolished by a crowded 7 4 7 Waste?" The title of the article it­ exceedingly unlikely as to make his jet than the nuclear operations in self indicates what it is trying to whole presentation misleading. the state are to cause serious harm achieve-to scare people and gen­ Some of his items are in error and to the public. I shall not belabor erate fear and concern. It conjures many are exaggerated, but these the point here, but my confidence the specter of garbage trucks things are not nearly as misleading is based on personal experience in streaming into the state to dump as his disregard for the "whole adequate depth. radioactive garbage somewhere in truth" in terms of probabilities of Barnwell and then rushing away to occurrence. J.W. Morris gather and return with more and Most of the events on which Mr. Aiken, South Carolina more. This is sinister and ridiculous. Belser elaborates are conceivable, No one proposes to do this and no which no one familiar with the government agency would permit technology will deny. What he it. ignores is the fact that the probabil­ Naturally, we would hope you ities that such catastrophic events Thank you, thank you, thank also consider it your responsibility may occur have been carefully con­ you! I am so grateful that you are to fully air this matter for your sidered, and are exceedingly small. forcefully taking a stand against the readers, but that is not the case. No Five large plants at three sites in rape of our fair state by the dump­ one from Sandlapper or the author this country have been used to pro­ ing of radioactive wastes from the ever contacted us about either the cess irradiated nuclear fuel, by entire nation. allegation and opinion raised in the industrial firms as contractors to I first read of this threat in the article, nor asked us to respond to the U.S. Atomic Energy Com­ Sunday Charlotte Observer and was the points raised. We contacted mision, over the years since as early horrified. So much so that I spent you, and you declined to accept as 1944. Experience from these op­ many sleepless nights wondering from us an article which would erations was gained only after those what I could do to try and start a point up the many inaccuracies and contractors had assured themselves motion to stop this horror. Why distortions in your article. We were that the work could be done with­ should a state wish this monstrous informed that a letter limited to out undue hazard. These operations danger upon its land and citizens? about 200 words (less than the first have, been on a large scale, no sig­ Soon not even a tourist will wish to two paragraphs of your entire nificant adverse effects have re­ pass through our state. Also what eight-page article) is supposed to sulted to the public, and this ex­ right have we to endanger the states contain enough material to ade­ perience should be given appro­ of Georgia and North Carolina with quately inform South Carolinians priate consideration. our foolishness in permitting this about the errors in your article. Any activity poses some hazard. destructive element to move in on That's a shame. A shame because Dr. Chauncey Starr, a man with ex­ us? serious people have become tensive experience in nuclear Governor West's statement, alarmed by that article and want matters and now Dean of Engineer­ "We'll be the Nuclear Capital of the some answers to the questions it ing at UCLA, has made the perti­ World," is as ridiculous as it would raises. Although you refuse us a nent comparison of the probablility be for California to claim it is the forum, we still intend to answer of a major nuclear reactor accident Earthquake capital of the United those questions-even if it has to be with the probability that a large States. It will repel newcomers and on a personal letter-by-letter basis.

September 1971 7 If the readers of Sandlapper have cently six tests were performed in individually and collectively any questions about the Barnwell Idaho to convince critics. All six members of the General Assembly, Nuclear Fuel Plant or the article in tests failed! Budget and Control Board, the Sand lap per, would they please let The facts stand out clearly that State Board of Health and the State us know. Please write directly to too many large reactors are being Development Board. Mr. R .I. Newman, vice-president built too soon with no answer to Some fourteen states, including and project director, Allied-Gulf the waste storage problems. Every South Carolina, sought to have this Nuclear Services, Post Office Box sane person must wonder why the plant located within their bound­ 847, Barnwell, South Carolina nuclear industry is being promoted aries. The fact that South Carolina 29812. They will get a prompt and so extensively with no definite or was selected is evidence of the factual answer, and we pledge to all safe method of waste storage de­ efforts of two of my predecessors of them our commitment to be vised. Here, in North Carolina, ... and their sophisticated staffs. both a good neighbor, and to hon­ utility ... spokesmen stated that Recognizing the tremendous po­ estly and forthrightly answer any they certainly would not consider tential of nuclear-related industries questions they might have at any storing radioactive wastes in this and the contributions they could time. area, and even went so far as to say, make to our state, the State Devel­ "That is South Carolina's prob­ opment Board retained the full­ Howard J. Larson lem-not ours." time services of competent per­ President and General Manager Since radioactivity is not some­ sonnel, as well as the consulting ser­ Allied-Gulf Nuclear Services thing that anyone can simply vices of the former Manager of Florham Park, New Jersey "clean up" later, obviously this is Operations of the Savannah River everyone's problem. If we turn our Operations Office, AEC, who had backs and say, "That is South Caro­ been involved in varied aspects of Townsend Belser, the publisher lina's problem," God help South nuclear operations continuously and the editor met with R.I. New­ Carolina and the rest of us. For the since 1949. These personnel were man of Allied-Gulf Nuclear Services sake of a short term profit for util­ charged with the responsibility of prior to the appearance of the Sand­ ities and industry, we leave a legacy carrying out the mandate of the lapper article on the Barnwell nu­ of radioactive wastes for future gen­ Atomic Energy Act through con­ clear fuel reprocessing plant. How­ erations-starting now. sultation with experienced and ever, none of the points of con­ knowledgeable authorities in nu­ troversy was resolved to our satis­ Mrs. J.M. Waller clear matters. The result of their faction. Ed. Charlotte, North Carolina study was the recommendation by the State Development Board to the General Assembly that legisla­ No one should ever believe the I have just read the letter to the tion be enacted to provide for pro­ nuclear industry is too difficult to editor from Mr. Townsend Belser in motion, management of fiscal understand. We do not need to be your May-June issue in which he matters and regulation of nuclear biologists in order to read the con­ states: "I submit that ... private industry, including "the establish­ clusions of A.Z. Morgan, John Gof­ industry have found a state that is ment of private atomic energy facil­ man, Arthur Tamplin and others. pressing so hard for industries of ities, such as nuclear fuel manu­ These Atomic Energy Commission any kind that it will take anything facture or fabrication: reprocessing experts clearly state that additional regardless of the consequences." plants, radioisotope facilities; waste radiation produces additional The reference here is to the Allied­ disposal sites ... and others which deaths, cancer and genetic muta­ Gulf Nuclear Services' plant in are necessary or desirable for the tions. That the AEC chooses to ig­ Barnwell County. The State Devel­ promotion and development of nore their own scientists in order to opment Board takes pride in the atomic energy resources within the promote their new toy-atomic en­ caliber of industries it has attracted state." The General Assembly con­ ergy-should concern everyone. to our state and the tremendous sidered this matter and enacted the Nor do we need to be nuclear economic, educational and cultural Atomic Energy and Radiation Con­ engineers in order to read the rec­ contributions they have made to trol Act, which was signed into law ommendations of the AEC's Ad­ our state while fully protecting the May 1, 1967, by Governor McNair. visory Committee on Reactor environment. The State Development Board, as Safety. This committee "urgently" The Allied-Gulf Nuclear Services a rule, relies on first-hand exper­ reemphasizes previous recommen­ project did not just happen to ience or the advice of accepted ex­ dations on the need of further tests South Carolina. It is the result of perts. For instance in the reprocess­ on safety controls. The AEC did long, continued and aggressive ef­ ing of nuclear fuel we took advan­ not feel obligated in the past to forts by the state of South Caro­ tage of the experience at the Savan- conduct these tests. However, re- lina, through the Governor's office, (Continued on page 69)

8 Sand lap per 1118 NAVY BELLS BT TIIE INCII

...

By Tom Hamrick

-All photos by Gary Thomas

September 1971 9 riestly C. Coker III quit his job ing around his suite of office, stor­ at a Charleston bank because he age and workroom space on State Pwanted to devote as much time Street. Obviously he shares this as possible to building his own mystique. His walls sport a pro­ navy. The trouble is, so many other fusion of framed color prints and people want their own navies that photographs of such German ships Coker can't find time to construct as the Prinz Eugen, the Bismarck his. And nothing makes him hap­ and other battlecraft of the Nazis' pier, really. ill-starred attempts to run the Ever since he "did a botched-up Americans and British off the high job trying to make a model of the seas. Bonhomme Richard" when he was On display about the premises six years old, the 28-year-old are several models in half-com­ Charlestonian has been enthralled pleted stages, including the five­ with the ancient art of ship model foot-long hull of a "big sister" of building. When he completed a the Bismarck which the Germans three-year stint on a destroyer as a never finished after the Bismarck U.S. naval officer in 1968, he went fell victim to the British navy in to work at a Charleston bank, but 1941. his wife Cynthia claimed he almost The workshop is host, too, to an drove her crazy spending all his unfinished model of the elegant weekends and spare time in model clipper ship Flying Fish, circa 1850, building, so finally, early in 1970, which Coker started five years ago he resigned from his post at the "and never had time to complete." bank to devote his full time to his He has already applied some 500 second love. hours in working on his tiny version Something told Coker he could of the famed merchantman which squeeze good money from his he supposes "would take another hobby and a parade of adults across 500 hours before it would be ready America have proven him right. As to go on the mantel." Coker originally saw the future, he Also in various stages of whittle­ could make models for other work are models of two warships people and also sell model kits to and a yacht. These are "contract hobbyists who wanted to build jobs," Coker notes, and among the their own pint-sized luxury liners prime motivators for his getting and battle cruisers. His mail order into the business in the first place. business has boomed to such pro­ When the last daub of paint has portions that simply filling requests been placed on them, they'll carry for kits and scaled plans from price tags of $8,000 or better. points far and near leaves him little Simultaneously with his plans to time to do any whittling for him­ build models for people who time, a bit more money than he self. couldn't, or wouldn't, build their reasons the average schoolboy is Coker was surprised at the un­ own, Coker launched publication of likely to have on hand. He knows popularity of those old standbys of a catalog of _ship models and scale that some of his purchasers are men schoolboy ship model builders: plans for hobbyists and began ad­ prominent in such professions as Columbus' three ships and the May­ vertising on a national scale. Now business, law and medicine who use flower. To model builders now­ servicing this latter half of his busi­ their hands in their free moments adays, the Nina, the Pinta and the ness has become an eight-hour-a­ to dispel the day's trials and Santa Maria are about as popular as day effort as orders roll in from tensions. garbage scows. Maine to California, "and most of His 24-page catalog is mainly But the German navy of World them seem to come from people devoted to the warships of the War II keeps his cash register ring­ who are 40 or older." He guesses at world, mostly of World War II vin­ ing busily. "Americans have a kind their median age because the well­ tage, and his prime offerings are of fascination with German military phrased letters he receives are fre­ vessels of the American, British and objects, particularly their sleek quently typewritten and the indi­ German navies. Other word and naval vessels," Coker claims, glanc- viduals invest from $30 to $50 at a pictur~ listings include the best-

10 Sandlapper . . .

• • 11 • • •

Jf •••• ••• • .• . f .•• . . . ' ....., . .. - ..

" '~ .~

known vessels of Italy, France and battery-operated motors to supply About seven months' work is required Russia. One model, which has a the power of motion. to complete a clipper ship model such as large fan club of hobbyists, is the Back in the days "before I went Flying Fish, shown here half finished. Russian battleship Potemkin, where into this thing full time," Coker some of the first seed of the Rus­ was one of Charleston's busiest sian Revolution were implanted in model makers in his idle hours. His the early 1900s. creations are now on display in sev­ Fort Sumter is on display in the Many of the models he sells are eral key locations about the city. Queen Street branch office of the motorized, "so the hobbyist can Coker's scaled version of the Housa­ Citizens and Southern National take them out and sail them under tonic, sunk in Charleston harbor by Bank. their own power in a bathtub or a the submarine Hunley in the Civil By comparison, his Bonhomme lake." Plastic models of ships of the War, has a place of honor in the Richard of his first grade days is a line, scaled roughly to 1/400, sell Hunley Museum on Broad Street. A poor specimen. But, nonetheless, all for prices pegged generally at $8 German battle cruiser he fashioned three scuffed-and-battered feet of it and are relatively easy to assemble. can be seen at The Citadel Museum, have a special niche on the wall of With the kits come thumbnail-sized, and his Tom Thumb re-creation of Coker's office.

September 1971 11 The three models now being scaled no smaller than 1/32 and scale model of the intricate Vic­ built by CokerCraft, as he calls his must be at least 15 inches long. tory, a wooden battle cruiser of one-man business, are a pair of de­ Coker usually builds his models Adm. Nelson at Trafalgar, as "per­ stroyers and the yacht Valentino, of white pine. "It cuts easily and haps the single greatest challenge to owned by Charlestonian Tommy readily takes a coat of paint." He a model builder." He has never Bennett and purportedly the largest agrees that mahogany and walnut tackled a model of the Victory be­ pleasure ship in local harbor waters. also are fine model-building woods. cause it would likely represent con­ One order is for a model of the But balsa, the old standby in some siderably more than 1,000 tedious guided missile destroyer Dewey and of the plane and ship model kits of hours at the workbench. The way was placed by a Spartanburg man. days ago is not for him. It's just too orders are rolling in for other There is nothing cheap, nor ama­ fragile. models, he doesn't expect even to teurish, about any of the finished In his years with knife in hand, think about the Victory for years models Coker builds under con­ young Coker guesses he has com­ to come. tract. They are as exacting and de­ pleted "some 50 or 60 ship and Coker also hopes someday to tailed as they are beautiful, and plane models," and their precision create a model of the frigate South they retail at $30 to $50 an inch, and attractiveness depend on his Carolina, which the early colonists depending on intricacy. There is a level of craftsmanship at the time bought from France for a third of a proviso, too: The models must be they were molded. He appreciates a million dollars. Even so, after

j • ......

12 Sand lap per Left: Coker built this model of the Constitution while he was in college. Right: Priestly and his wife Cynthia note the detail in the liner Columbus (German, 1930s), one of a series of models which he imports for resale.

undertaking hours of research, and receiving detailed information from the French government, Coker finds he has no time to consider this task. He began in a small way, in 1968, chancing a few orders with model kit companies in Europe and announcing his wares via magazine advertisements. Meantime, he con­ tinued to spend his daylight hours at the bank. Almost immediately orders began coming in. Last year he resigned from the bank and gave his attention to creating a giant version of a model catalog. His orders for model kits, swelling by sailing vessels range in the $5 to $7 unkempt about the man nor his the month, are now handled by a category. spic-and-span shop, where not even covey of firms in both Europe and A complete kit-plans, material, a curl of pine shaving litters the Asia. "The Japanese, as you'd ex­ rigging and "scored planking" for well-swept floor. He seems no man pect, have gotten into the model kit decks-for such noted ships as the of the workbench; from appear­ business and are darned good at it," Mayflower and the Flying Fish cost ances he projects himself as more he admits. His model kits offer from $35 to $55, but the model at home in a bank, turning on that both wooden and plastic varieties, maker tight on cash and long on charm of his while helping a widow are mostly naval craft, and their ambition can build a complete 1/16 float a loan to repair a leaky roof. sizes range from a scant one inch to copy of the clipper ship Young But making models has nonethe­ up to several feet or more. America for less than $20. less been his interest since kinder­ One lucrative aspect of his busi­ Also offered for sale, "but with­ garten days, ever since his uncle, ness deals with sale of "plans out engendering very much in­ Robert Cooper of Savannah, used only-the customers build the ships terest," are color prints of famous to make model planes at the Coker themselves from their own mate­ ships. home on weekends when he was a rials," Coker notes. Although most In his love for the navies of the cadet at The Citadel. " I guess of his trade interests itself in battle­ world, Coker has developed himself watching him kind of rubbed off on wagons, he has plans available, too, into a junior-grade historian on the me," Coker reports. of European ships which long ago seagoing fighting forces of major Still, while the ship model busi­ won places in history-such vessels nations. He is particularly know­ ness in general is an escalating as the Golden Hind, Sir Francis ledgeable about the German navy, enterprise all over the world, Coker Drake's flagship; the Bounty of 1939-45, and can rattle off tri­ sees at least one aspect of it in total Capt. Bligh and Metro-Goldwyn­ umphs and defeats as if he had only decline. Remember the old days Mayer fame; and, of course, the moments ago consulted their indi­ when ships in bottles were in Santa Maria. vidual logs. vogue? Coker says that nowadays, One entire page in the catalog, Many of the models his hobby­ except for one or two still available complimenting buyer preference, is ists buy and build are strictly for in antique shops, they seem to have devoted to the offering of plans of display purposes in dens and living gone into a saltwater limbo. He re­ German capital ships of the two rooms. "But I expect others try to gards them, frankly, with a measure world wars. The cost of plans range re-create some of the better-known of disdain, anyway. " No accuracy from as little as 50 cents for naval battles with their models, like there. Just gimmick." 1/500-scale models to upwards of playing toy soldier," he considers $13 for those of 1/100 scale. Costs with a grin. Lt. Col. USA (Ret.) Tom Hamrick of plans for clipper ships and other There is nothing "sawdusty" or is from Mount Pleasant.

September 1971 13 hat started as one mother's By Patricia Stepp has helped Lynne be a part of the hope for her mentally retarded family and community. At home Wchild has now become reality Lynne sets the table and washes for many Columbia families. with IQs under 50. and dries dishes. She likes television Happy Time Community Center, Now, children like 12-year-old and recognizes her favorite ads. a Columbia day school for mentally Lynne Tuttle learn such things as Lynne takes Happy Time into a retarded children, began in 1953 how to count to 10, remember normal life of family and church­ when Mrs. Harvey Currier got other their addresses and recognize Presi­ "the two go together," Mrs. Tuttle mothers to take up her request that dent Nixon and the American eagle. says. At church she's a member of the Columbia city council provide Her mother, Mrs. MacElree G.A.s. instruction and recreation for ab­ Tuttle, president of Happy Time's Mrs. Tuttle says that by the time normal children. The request was Mothers' Club, says Happy Time is she realized Lynne was retarded, granted on a trial basis and has the best thing she has ever done for she "wasn't upset. I knew she was developed from the five-children, Lynne. "I know they love Lynne different and I knew she could be two-hour-a-day program in the city for what she is," says Mrs. Tuttle, her own person. She was my child parks to the center on Pinehurst who has four other normal chil­ and I had her just like I had my Road which serves 58 children, all dren. She explains that Happy Time first child Elizabeth. It just didn't

14 Sand lap per matter anymore." is their eating together in the dining third grade level," she explains, Mrs. Tuttle learned about Happy room. "It just sort of stimulates the "and then it is not functional." Time six years ago through her children," she says. "We can also Mrs. Bennett is a former high doctor and enrolled Lynne. Now carry over what we teach them in school teacher and kindergarten Lynne wants to go every day. class about manners and food." teacher. She said a friend asked her Like Lynne, the other children "These are the forgotten chil­ about teaching retarded children six seem to like Happy Time too. When dren," says Mrs. Derrick. "They years ago. Now she looks forward a visitor enters Happy Time Center need to be taught how to be a part to each day. "It's not the kind of he is greeted by an array of chil­ of the family and we 're trying to job where you say 'I wish I didn't dren, all smiling and active. If it's 9 get them to be a part of the have to go to work today,' " she a.m. they may be saying the pledge community." The children visit notes. to the flag, or singing "O Beautiful" their community-a field trip to Ft. Some of the youths are as old as as one child calls it. Because he's Jackson, a movie or a fishing expe­ 27 and can no longer be on the part of the group, everyone joins in dition. "They are near normal in school roll, so it becomes the job of whether his words are pronounced some activities," Mrs. Derrick city recreation leader, Mrs. Mary clearly like those of the teacher or points out. Lou Eddy, to teach 21- to 27-year­ whether he can't say a syllable. Each Wednesday the center has olds what to do in a home. She "Sometimes children cover their an assembly just like other schools. teaches them housekeeping, cook­ faces when they first come here," The children are encouraged to ing, sewing, body care, woodwork says Mrs. Grace Derrick, director of bring an offering of nickels or and other arts and crafts. Cosmetol­ Happy Time. Because this is an pennies, whatever they want to ogists visit to talk about skin and entirely new experience for them­ bring. Since so much has been done away from family and friends-they to help them, they are being taught -All photos by W.B. Busby tend to withdraw. They want to to help others. The money goes for Left: Children and teachers march as part shut the world out. But it only gifts to persons such as cab drivers of their early morning program . Below: takes a short time for their hands to who bring some of the children to Mrs. Mary Lou Eddy teaches older come down." Mrs Derrick gives as school, or the girls from Columbia vounqsters how to care for their hair. an example a little girl who thought Bible College who come and tell she was being corrected every time Bible stories. The children know someone spoke to her, even if only what is done with the money, her name were called. Today she is according to Mrs. Derrick. one of the happiest children and The children also have a physical begs for her turn to answer. education program led by volun­ There is also a marching proces­ teers from the Columbia Junior sion to music early in the morning. Woman's Club, whose members One teacher, Mrs. Vivian Bennett, alternate in leading the children's says that when she came to Happy exercises. Time six years ago, the children Classroom situations seem couldn't march in a straight line normal to a visitor. The children without holding onto a rope. Now say thank you when given refresh­ the children follow the teacher ments. Each is encouraged to tell around the room, some of the boys what he had for breakfast or what stomping and enjoying the noise he did over the weekend. They are their feet make on the floor. taught to recognize directional The classes average 10 children. words like poison, stop, go, ladies Teachers feel that the small class­ and gentlemen. room helps in teaching self-help Teachers don't stress the usual skills, language development and reading and writing, although many social development. Learning is by of the children recognize words. repetition. Mrs. Bennett says it is unusual for Mrs. Derrick says she thinks one such children to learn to read. of the greatest helps to the children "They can never read beyond the

September 1971 15 hair care. The workshop, the pro­ Time program too. other mothers about common prob­ gram for older students, is only Mrs. Derrick can usually be lems. The club sponsors projects to three years old and it is hoped that found behind the piano playing help the center. Recently they had the program there can be expanded. songs early in the morning, but she two auctions and a party to raise Mrs. Eddy also supervises recrea­ really has the job of any school money for a projector for the tion for the over-12 age group each principal. One of her jobs is that of school. afternoon. Two University of South interviewing parents and meeting The development of Happy Time Carolina students on a work-study with them-with the Mothers' Club has been funded primarily by the program help by playing sports each month and with the fathers city of Columbia's Parks and Recre­ with them. Olin McGill, a freshman twice a year. She keeps in close ation Department, the S.C. State at USC, likes working with the contact with the parents to help Department of Education, United children: "A lot of time I forget carry into the home what is done at Community Services, student fees, they are retarded. Some of the the center. and the Columbia Junior Woman's children I can play with and some I Each mother belongs to the Club. The city of Columbia pays just have to talk to," McGill says. Mothers' Club which meets the first the salary of the director and rec­ The center also has a full-time Monday in each month. Mrs. Tuttle reation leader, while the state pays summer program which includes a admits that it often seems like a the salaries of the six teachers. day camp and recreation for the social club as she and the other The center itself is a product of children. Mrs. Eddy is assisted by mothers talk about their children, the Columbia Junior Woman's college students in this Happy but she realizes it helps to talk with Club, which in 1957 adopted Happy Time as a permanent project. It solicited funds for the first building in 1959 and since that time there Mrs. Vivian Bennett teaches children to recognize or connect words and objects. have been several expansions, all financed by the club. The club presents "Red Stockings Revue" each year, the proceeds of which go to Happy Time Center. A child is admitted through the city's supervisor of parks and recre­ ation at 1932 Calhoun St. Admis­ sion is determined mainly by the child's ability to benefit from the program. The cost for sending a child is $10 a month for the 8:30-12:30 day. Each child is fed a snack and lunch, and youngsters 12 and older may stay until 3: 30 for recreation. Perhaps the thought behind Happy Time can best be expressed by a poem on the wall in one of the classrooms: Lost in a world of half grown thought He waited patiently to be taught Then the spark of knowledge smiled Please don't forget God's special child.

Patricia Stepp is a free-lance writer from Columbia.

16 Sand lap per ~®OOIJOO lt~~j®~~~~ ~[Vif~[~[~IJ ~~®®® OOJt~

By Patricia McNeely

Shell Rings along the Carolina­ 3,000 to 4,000 years. The oldest life in the United States. At 2000 Georgia coast contain pottery ring discovered so far was built B.C., people were living mainly in which, according to radiocarbon about 1900 B.C. along Skull Creek little hunting and gathering groups tests, date from about 2,000 B.C. on Hilton Head Island. Pottery has in the United States, so far as we been found here which dates to know." about 1950 B.C., and is believed to Hemmings has located 18 shell vidence which may represent the be the oldest pottery ever found in rings so far but knows of possible earliest village life yet located in the United States. locations of four others. The rings Ethe United States has been dis­ Hemmings believes that the arti­ are scattered along the coast begin­ covered on the South Carolina and facts found in the shell rings indi­ ning at Bull Bay, north of Charles­ Georgia coasts. cate that small groups of families ton, and extending south along the Dr. E. Thomas Hemmings, an may once have lived for most of Georgia coast. The rings, "of monu­ archeologist with the Institute of the year on the rims of the rings mental size," according to Hem­ Archeology and Anthropology at or in the interiors. mings, range from 130 to 300 feet the University of South Carolina, "Before this time, no evidence in diameter. The piles of shells have has discovered that a series of giant had been found of village life," says been arranged in perfect circles and shell rings on the Carolina and Hemmings. "It's possible that this range from two feet to as much as Georgia coasts vary in age from could represent the earliest village 15 feet in height, although Hem-

September 1971 17 rings vary in time over a period of 800 years, Hemmings has found that the rings all bear a number of things in common. ''The pottery from north to south is quite similar," points out Hemmings. "And the shell and bone artifacts are all very similar up and down the coast. We're certain that these people were all living the same way of life." Hemmings notes that there are other good comparisons. One com­ mon artifact which has been found in the shell rings is a bone pin about six inches long, tapered to a point and hand carved or engraved. Hem­ mings speculates that the pins could either have been used as hairpins or as clothing fasteners. One of the most exciting arti­ facts which Hemmings discovered at the Fig Island shell rings, south of Charleston, is an incised antler tip. It has not yet been radiocarbon dated but Hemmings thinks that it Above and clockwise: During high tide water will often well up at marshland dig locations. The potsherds found at Fig Island 11 have been roughly dated from 1000-2000 B.C. It is speculated that these two pieces of finely incised deer antler were once part of an atlatl. mings theorizes that the two-foot­ a real difference between shell high Sea Pines ring ( also on Hilton rings-or shell henges-and the shell Head Island) was never completed. middens, in that shell rings are Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, S.C. almost certainly deliberately con­ state archeologist and director of structed in a circular pattern. The the Institute of Archeology and circles are beautifully circular and Anthropology at USC, says the im­ the circled areas are clean and clear portance of the rings is their "al­ inside .. " most certain deliberate construc­ Although the rings are hard to tion. People who've lived along locate because they are either iso­ coasts all over the world have eaten lated in marsh growth or hidden in shellfish and thrown the shells over jungle vegetation, Hemmings says their shoulders, gradually building that the e:xistence of the shell rings up great heaps of shells-maybe to a is mentioned in archeological writ­ foot or even 30 feet in height and ings as early as 1870. maybe a mile long. These occur on Hemmings and Gene Wad dell, many coasts. These are just random director of the Florence Museum, middens or piles of rubbish or gar­ undertook a survey in 1970 to ex­ bage. amine and record these sites, some "In the course of living on these of which had been previously dated piles of things, people have thrown by carbon 14. Four shell rings in the shells away and dropped various South Carolina and one in Georgia objects-pieces of pottery, bowls, were dated at between 3,100 and shell tools, stone tools. But there's 3,900 years old. Although the shell

18 Sand lap per is probably between 3,500 and 3,900 years old. Hemmings specu­ lates that the carved antler tip was once part of an atlatl ( a device used to "whip" or throw a spear). Because of their size, Hemmings compares the shell rings to wood . henges and stonehenges in Europe. "It's fairly certain that the henges found in Europe are not just domestic structures," he says. "They are monumental-size struc­ tures built by organized groups of people for some community pur­ pose-probably a religious purpose. The stonehenges are large upright stones, sometimes with connecting lintels that you can walk under and between. They're certainly not a defense mechanism.'' Hemmings points out that in Europe, similar henges have been found which were originally con­ structed of posts placed in circles. "These also appear to have been not account for the occurrence of Fig Island II is one of three shell rings on some type of community structure, some sites as much as 10 feet above the estuary of the North Edisto River. although not necessarily for living the high water mark, nor for their within," he explains. uniformity in size and impressive Hemmings says that there are circular symmetry.'' stone circles located in the Pied­ The only other shell ring which Indians. Among the artifacts which mont section of Georgia, "which I has ever been found is Puerto Hemmings has found are two teeth don't believe are as large in diam­ Hormiga, located on the Atlantic which he says bear the character­ eter as these shell rings." Hemmings coast of Colombia, South America. istics of Indian teeth. thinks they were built later in time (Puerto Hormiga is between 4,500 The northernmost shell ring than the shell rings. "Unlike the and 5,000 years old-approximately which Hemmings has located, the stonehenges, these are piles of 1,000 years older than the South Sewee mound, is on Bull Bay, a bit cobblestones and rocks, and I think Carolina and Georgia rings.) The south of the mouth of the Santee people believe they were defensive size and style of structure of these River. Going south to Hamlin enclosures that you could hide shell rings are remarkably similar to Sound and Copahee Sound, there within, although almost nothing is those found in South Carolina and are a number of rings: Stratton known about them. Georgia, according to Hemmings, Place, Buzzards Island and Auld Hemmings notes that there are and similar pottery pieces were also Mound, a ring containing objects circular earthworks in the Ohio discovered at all of the sites. This which have been radiocarbon dated Valley and the Mississippi Valley, has led some observers to speculate at 1820 B.C. but they, too, are believed to have that Indian voyagers could have Others are located on James Is­ been constructed in more recent traveled from Puerto Hormiga to land near Charleston; a group on times than were the shell henges. the Carolina-Georgia coast. Since the estuary of the North Edisto "Whether or not the idea of build­ the Gulf Stream follows a route River (which includes Horse Island, ing circles is connected, I couldn't from Colombia to the mouth of the Hanckel Mound and Fig Island I, say," he admits. Savannah River, Hemmings said II and III); and three shell rings "According to Hemmings, it has that there is strong possibility that on Hilton Head Island collectively been suggested that the shell henges it could have happened. known as the Skull Creek Site. might have been habitable areas There is little doubt that the per­ above the wet marshes, or were fish sons who built the shell rings along Patricia McNeely is on the staff of traps of some sort, but "this does the Carolina-Georgia coast were the Columbia Record.

September 1971 19 SCUPPER

By Harold J. Sefick

ver since my first meeting with designated simply as scuppernongs Reimer records that on Jan. 31, the native grape of the South in and muscadines. 1811, The Star (a newspaper pub­ E1937, when I visited the old Horticulturists long ago traced lished at Raleigh, North Carolina) vineyard at Clemson, I have been the origin of this grape. According published a report made by James intrigued by its name. Is there a to T.V. Munson, the scuppernong Blount of Scuppernong, North word more sweet sounding than was found by a member of Sir Carolina, entitled, "North Carolina ''scuppernong''? Walter Raleigh's colony in 1554 on Wine from Native Grapes." The Horticulturists define the scup­ an island in the Scuppernong River editors of The Star added the fol­ pernong as a variety of muscadine in North Carolina. B.C. Reimer at lowing comment to Blount's re­ grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michaux. the beginning of this century at­ port: "Our readers will recollect a But the name has more than one tempted to track down the original communication on this singular and meaning to Southerners. Some use vine without success and wrote an excellent species of grape (which for it to designate the entire rotundi­ interesting account of his activities. the sake of distinction, until we are folia species rather than a variety. His most reliable information came better instructed, we shall denomi­ Some apply the name scuppernong from the great-granddaughter of the nate the Scuppemong grape) in the to cultivated varieties of the grape, supposed discoverer, Isaac Alex­ 239th page of our first volume." calling the wild ones muscadines or ander. Reimer cites this as the first time bullaces. Still others refer to vari­ Alexander went from Mecklen­ the grape was designated as scup­ eties under cultivation as white burg County to Tyrrell County pernong. scuppernongs and black scupper­ about the middle of the 18th cen­ G .C. Husmann and Charles Dear­ nongs, or all light-colored varieties tury to take possession of a tract of ing in the early 1900s found at as scuppernongs and all dark as land granted to him by the king. least three strains of light-colored muscadines. (The white-fruited While exploring the region, he rotundifolia among the cultivated scuppernongs range from green to found a wild grapevine bearing large varieties of scuppemongs. J.G. pearl, amber and bronze, and the luscious white grapes near Albe­ Woodroof, after visiting several blacks from black to purple and marle Sound. This was the original hundred homesteads in North Caro­ red.) A persual of 1971 spring is­ vine which many years later was lina, South Carolina, Georgia and sues of the South Carolina Market named scuppernong. By 1809, ex­ Florida in the 1930s, found five Bulletin reveals this variation in tensive plantings of this "white strains of the scuppemong. There nomenclature still exists. Listed for grape," as it was called, could be were a number of variants of the sale are black and bronze scupper­ found in the vicinity of Lake scuppernong in the Clemson vine­ nong varieties, as well as grapes Scuppernong, North Carolina. yards by the 1950s.

20 Sand lap per Horticulturists define the scuppernong as a variety of muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michaux. The white-fruited scuppernongs range from green to pearl, amber and bronze, and the blacks from black to purple and red. -Clemson photo

Perhaps the highly aromatic and originate? There's a bullace plum; of their outward skinn yields a kind musky flavor of some varieties of damson plums with round fruits are of harshness which gives us reason rotundifolias led to the name mus­ called bullaces. Perhaps the large to feare (though we intend to make cadine. T. Langford, in Langford on round black grapes of the woods, tryall of them) that they will hardly Fruit Trees, published in 1696, with just a few berries on each ever be reclaymed or with great dif­ refers to "Muskadine" (red and cluster, reminded the early settlers ficulty." The thick skin and harsh­ white) in a list of bunch grape vari­ of the bullace plums back home. ness are typical of the wild rotund­ eties, and Batty Langley's Pomona The first settlers of Charleston ifo l i as, good evidence that the (1729) contains grape engravings found an abundance of grapes. colonists attempted to utilize them designated as "White Muscadine" Joseph Dalton in a letter to Lord for wine production. and "Black Muscadine." However, Ashley in 1671 wrote, "Wee have After 300 years, scuppernongs both prints are typical Vitis vinifera indeed plenty of diverse sorts of and muscadines have finally won or European bunch grapes. grapes here, some very pleasant and national recognition. Although And how did the name bullace large but being prest the thickness scuppernong and muscadine wines

September 1971 21 Left: Higgins, a light-colored variety of scuppernong. Left below: The development of a mechanical harvester for scuppernongs increases the commercial potential of the grape.

have long been appreciated in the South, the market is now expand­ ing rapidly. Breeding work over the past 7 5 years has led to the intro­ duction of numerous varieties, many superior to the original selec­ tions from the wild. Sugar content has been increased and acidity and astringency reduced. Since 1946, a number of self-fertile varieties have been introduced. These, by replac­ ing nonproductive male pollinator vines, increase acre yields by at least 10 per cent. Perhaps the greatest handicap in the commercial development of this grape has been the fact that the berries ripen individually and fall when ripe. The development of varieties with larger bunches, more uniform ripening of the berries and increased yield comparable to that of bunch grapes, has alerted pro­ gressive growers to its potential. South Carolina's tricentennial year has marked the greatest ad­ vancement in the commercial devel­ opment of the scuppernong. Where­ as laborious hand picking has pre­ viously made harvesting costs exces­ sive, the use in 1970 of a practical mechanical harvester was a great accomplishment. With wine consumption in the United States up 60 per cent from 1960 to 1970, and the possible in­ creased production of scuppernong jams and jellies, the possibilities for this crop, especially in the Coastal -Clemson pnotos Plains, appears to be very pro­ mising.

Harold J. Sefick is an associate pro­ fessor in the Department of Horti­ culture, Clemson University.

22 Sandlapper WCSC-RAD/0 l'aleS' you where the actioll iS' - at home or awa!I with complete covera1e of all CITADEL Football & Basketball Games

SPORTS! CHECK-LIST *U.S.C. Basketball * Atlanta Braves Baseball *Darlington Races * Hunting & Fishing Reports * Azalea Golf Tournament : * CBS Worldwide Sports * Jim Rourk on Sports

For complete covera1e it:r WCSC 1•3•9 RADIO

For Million Dollar Music .... WCSC-FM 96.9 Charleston, S. C . HISTORIC CAROLINA MAPS YOU WILL WANT THESE REPRODUCTIONS OF INTERESTING HISTORICAL ANTIQUE MAPS Printed in Color on Uncoated Stock Sim.ilar in Appearance to Original Paper

I • \ .,,,) UI 1.) ~-­

22" x 17V2" BLAEU MAP OF CAROLINA-1640 22" x 17Vi" FIRST LORDS PROPRIETORS MAP-1672 (published before Carolina was named)

- - - -· - - -~-- - :.:----·~- -- - ·- - - t -

_: I

_"_" -- _I

22" x 17V2" CAREY & LEA MAP OF N. C.-1822 22" x 17V2" THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT MAP-1851 with Gold Region

If you should be carried back in time a century and half, you would want these four quality reproductions of antique maps to Historic Carolina Maps to find your way around the Carolinas. THE STATE THE STATE has available these excellent reproductions at a P. 0. Box 2169 nominal cost. Four reproductions (as illustrated) have been Raleigh, N. C. 27602 selected as particularly representative of North Carolina history from the 1600's to just prior to the Civil War. The Lords Pro­ Please send ...... set(s) of Carolina Map Repro- prietors Map is unusual in that north is not at the top of the ductions at $3.00 per set of four color maps-1640, map, but on the right hand border. 1672, 1822 & 1851 maps. Colorful reproductions come in a set of four: BLAEU MAP OF Please send ...... map(s) of BLAEU; PROPRIE- CAROLINA, 1640; FIRST LORDS PROPRIETORS MAP, 1672; TORS; CAREY & LEA; THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT THOMAS, COWPERTHWAIT MAP, 1851 with Gold Region; and at $1.00 per map. CAREY & LEA MAP of N. C., 1822. Or can be ordered individually.

Name ...... All maps are suitable for framing. Address ...... The set of four is $3.00; one map is $1.00, City ...... State ...... Zip ...... plus 35¢ for postage and handling. Make checks payable to: THE STATE please add 35¢, postage & handling INTERNATIONAL ENTERTAINERS PRAISE THE PALMETTO STATE

By T. Jerome Bishop

•

Representing the variety of internationally known entertainers who have made personal appearances in South Carolina are, counterclockwise from top, Johnny Cash, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Fred Waring and the Klinger Twins, and Carlos Montoya.

September 1971 Both Bob Hope and Lawrence Welk have appeared at Columbia's Carolina Coliseum during the past year.

appearance. We counted over 1,300 telephone calls on Saturday which we had to tum down. Lines of people still waited the night of the show, in vain, and despite 6,100 tickets sold, which included 400 standing admissions authorized. The auditorium, well known as the location where Miss South Carolina is chosen, is adjacent to a planned 14-acre convention and entertainment center complex, part of which may be opened by the latter part of 1973. "South Carolina's a beautiful state nial event at Carolina Coliseum. The auditorium-arena is probably and I love it. Greenville, Colum­ The fee Welk charged was at least South Carolina's most frequently bia, Florence-we've played $10,000 less than the guaranteed used indoor mass entertainment them. And Charleston, specifically, figure the bandleader gets unless, in facility-"booked solid" much of is so precious. Welk's words, the performance is the year: Liberace, Ringling "When we were here last year, "something of some benefit." Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Carmen Lorn bardo [ one of four Tiresome travel could have been Circus, Disney on Parade-these big brothers who were members of shortened and plane fares reduced shows have come to Greenville. the Guy Lombardo Orchestra~ he had the ensemble gone elsewhere. (The famous circus' lion tamer, passed away in April] got up, Air fares for such a large cast, the Wolfgang Holzmaier, was and, at 6 o'clock in the morning, maestro explained, can run $10,000 scratched-five stitches worth-in walked down to the Battery by via scheduled airlines, which he uses the face during one 1971 Greenville himself. He was overwhelmed, so because he feels "they 're just a matinee performance.) impressed by the beauty that when little bit safer." Welk chose South In Columbia's Carolina Coliseum, we were scheduled to leave that Carolina though, scheduling Colum­ Tom Jones and a host of big names morning, he said, 'No, no; well go bia along with Oakland, Des have performed. Many groups ap­ an hour later.' He took us all by bus Moines, Milwaukee, Notre Dame pealing to the under-25 audience [ to the Battery] , acting as our University, Kansas City, Minne­ have appeared here, the spectators guide. It's a lovely city." apolis-St. Paul, Lexington, Ken­ who, according to Manager Horn­ Speaking was Bill Mullaney, an tucky, (then to Columbia), Fort ing, make up the segment which artists' representative from New Worth and Lubbock, Texas. most consistently attends events at York who was traveling with the Some 9,500 persons flocked to the facility. well-known musical aggregation. Columbia for the show. Carolina One working visitor, a Tulsa His comments are typical of the Coliseum Manager Robert B. Horn­ "on-and-off" writer who is "respon­ praise expressed for South Carolina ing Jr. said he knew of people who sible for having designed the light­ itself, for entertainment facilities came from up and down the East­ ing for Holiday on Ice," and who and, most of all, for the people who ern seaboard and from as far away travels with the international unit make up audiences. And South as the Gulf coast states. which played Columbia in March Carolinians apparently think very In Greenville, Memorial Audito­ 1971, said that if all buildings were highly of many big names who rium Manager Leslie M. Timms, a as excellent as the Coliseum, his appear in the Palmetto State these native of Winnsboro, said that a problems would virtually be elimi­ days. March 6, 1971, Harlem Globe­ nated. "I did an article last year for Lawrence Welk and his some 35 trotters basketball performance was Theatre Crafts," he pointed out, member company flew into Colum­ so popular that "tickets were sold "and we had some production bia last September for a tricent~n- out Thursday before the Saturday pictures for that article taken here.

26 Sandlapper They just turned out incredibly. It's Spivak, Billy May, Don Cherry, Les Said O.N. Fain, Spartanburg: a beautiful building." Brown and other well-known enter­ "We're interested in building a big At Charleston, a youthful group tainers visit the Greenville area's new auditorium [ to use] in addi­ called The Dolphins stopped off in supper clubs and restaurants. tion to the one we now have. There their northward route to audition "But there are new things to do are 144 different industries in for talent buyers in the port city. and more fun to have all across the Spartanburg County. Absolutely The female vocalist said that she Piedmont area today, more so than it's worth the money for the public wished she had two weeks to spend, ever before .... Littlejohn Coli­ to build such facilities. I travel all although the group was just return­ seum, on the campus at Clemson, over the United States-to every ing from Florida sunshine. not only brings some of the top niche and cranny. People pay at­ Sergio Franchi, also at Charles­ basketball talent in the nation to tention to facilities available in ton, in slightly halting English the upper state, but also provides a communities." praised South Carolina and the new showplace for social, stage and With all of these positive indica­ South. "They listen better," he production extravaganzas. Such tions of things going well, of sup­ volunteered. "The audiences are nationally known entertainment port and willingness to back ex­ quiet. Nice people. Very polite. figures as Bob Hope and B.J. pansion, it may be surprising for Good mannered, they don't get Thomas, and groups like Chicago some readers to learn that the very excited during a show, but and The Three Dog Night, have South Carolina entertainment afterwards they usually give me a appeared on the same stage that future is not so secure, according standing ovation." later showcased the Melbourne to knowledgable sources. Country and popular music Symphony, the Coldstream Guards Atlanta, Savannah and other re­ singer Eddy Arnold said he con­ and Black Watch. The university's gional cities are opening appealing siders Charleston Municipal Audi­ fine arts series, plus a wealth of new accommodations too. Char­ torium acoustically to be one of the student-sponsored entertainment, lotte and Asheville beckon. There's very finest facilities in the nation, brings talent to Clemson each Augusta, Wilmington and places comparing it with highly rated year." elsewhere in the United States Boston Symphony Hall. Sol Lourie of Columbia evalu­ where, taxwise, people in the enter­ Other than the guests, the hosts ated the local entertainment picture tainment business can perform and and hostesses have something to as "much better" than it was a few fare better than in South Carolina. say, too, about the entertainment years ago, declaring that the Game­ Timms, Horning and Charleston's picture in South Carolina-a lot of cocks have gained much national Municipal Auditorium and Exhibi­ it about facilities. publicity for South Carolina. He tion Hall Director Irwin L. Ellis Jr. "Greenville, I think, would have described the Columbia Coliseum as all agree that South Carolina has to be called the entertainment capi­ "wonderful" and as "a sound in­ difficulty competing with other tal of the upper state, as it remains vestment in the future .... "Lourie states in the region. A promoter or the primary source for fun and commented that some events in show business executive with an entertainment. Especially in the Columbia can't be held in the Coli­ event playing in North Carolina or way of night life," commented seum and that "if the city can fund Georgia has to pay only three per George Moore of Clemson. "Charlie a new auditorium, we need it." cent amusement tax; the rate in South Carolina is 10 per cent of the gross ticket sales, and may even advance to 15 per cent. They point out that the big shows may begin to skip Columbia, Greenville, Charles­ ton, Spartanburg and other cities. If so, South Carolinians will then be attracted to border cities in neigh­ boring states. Public reaction in the Palmetto State has shown that the citizenry appreciate diverse imported enter­ tainment; and in response to this demand, there never before has been so much available. Hopefully, this will continue.

T. Jerome Bishop is a free-lance writer from Charleston.

> 27 seashore cyclists

28 Members of the Federation of Carolina Cycling, Hiking and Jogging Clubs gathered south of Myrtle Beach for a spring weekend tour of the Grand Strand. Leading the group was Ray Guest of Sumter. On Saturday the riders cycled through downtown Myrtle Beach and north to Crescent Beach.

Photo story by Joel Nichols

29 30 Although the cyclists encountered rain during the trip north on Saturday, they enjoyed sunny skies during the Sunday ride along the beaches of Surfside and Garden City. Several wives of members accompanied the group. Welcomed breaks were taken for map reading, bike adjustments-and rest. On Sunday afternoon the cyclists attached their bicycles to cartop racks or placed them in the rear of station wagons in preparation for their return to such distant points as Sumter, Camden, Columbia and Rock Hill.

September 1971 31 I t 'CHE ROK EE '

Spa rlcnburg ~ --'-\.__ ~', N 8 UR G I ...... ,_ __ ~ I ~- I Mauldin·~ I '°imi;sonville '.. "' '·"'\ TolJring Along

ANDERSDN/ the Cherokee aN Joothills Scenic ·Highway

utumn comes early in the upper season's change are the snap in the are ideal for fishing, camping, pic­ reaches of the Cherokee Foot­ air on a September morning, the nicking and the continued pursuit Ahills Scenic Highway, South pungent smell of woodsmoke and of water sports in the numerous Carolina's popular new tourist at­ the bright flashes of red, yellow and state parks and other recreational traction in the Up Country. Along gold on higher mountain slopes areas scattered throughout the this scenic route (old S.C. 11) where leaves are beginning to turn. region. Fish are biting in the spark­ which is partially completed and In September the plains and ling mountain streams and in the open to the public through Pickens valleys traversed by the highway blue waters of Hartwell Lake, still County and most of Oconee still bask in the heat of Indian dotted with sailboats, motorboats County, the first subtle hints of summer. Warm days and cool nights and houseboats. At midday the warm sun beams from a vivid blue sky, but from rugged mountain peaks to rolling hills, from lakes and streams to boundless forests an air of expectancy permeates the land, as if it awaits nature's im­ perative-the departure of summer and the advent of fall. Planned and developed by the South Carolina Appalachian Region­ al Planning and Development Com­ mission, the Cherokee Highway will eventually make a complete loop across the northwestern corner of the state. A tour along the route can be a memorable experience at any time from early spring through fall.

Left: Electric lights in Stumphouse Tunnel allow visitors to walk inside in safety. Right: Table Rock.

I 32 Sand lap per I L No other part of the state has more beautiful scenery, a greater variety of recreation or more opportunity for side trips of an educational and historical nature. Those who have not yet explored the Cherokee country will find that the months of September or October are excel­ lent for making such excursions. At present you may travel the scenic highway from West Union (in Oconee County) through Pickens County to the Greenville County line. The $10 million Ap­ w palachian Commission road pro­ I- ject calls for extending the route ~ south from West Union to I-85 at a ~ . ~ ;-·-;"l; w~ point near Hartwell Lake, and ~ ,. - '· >' • - -- • • V) north across Greenville County into ·-~ • . • .P,.. ,, •' ··--T.-a \·\<. '• \ < Cherokee County to meet 1-85 at a • •flll'Jllt. ,. "7f\' ' J . • t\. • z ' . - .. ' ' .. . .. 0 point near Gaffney. The highway ...... "'·:~r__ , ; ,. '\_·. \ .. h ~'... -, • V) should be completed within a • · · \ . ~, , r -• ..,.. z ~ year or so; meanwhile, now is the ...... \ ". ~ t-. ••.. ' 0 . '' ... ' ' .,,-._. '~l ...- •.· ' ~ ;::: time for a motor trip through the ·-.-:·11.;· ..... ~...... '· ...... ,. • • ,t -a.·... .. ll.. Oconee and Pickens foothills. """:J ,. ,.. -~. ~ # ""· ...... _ _. , ...... •~.... ~ Ill .. J< - u You '11 find it easy driving and a "'"\ ~'..,,.. . ,...t,,,....,. .· ... ' '( .~, .,...... ,. ·,_,· ... . '' . V) CCI :J thoroughly enjoyable trip. V) In addition to affording a pano­ 0 ... ramic view of the foothills, the .... ;; ... , ... . ,. ;, ,,.

z ttl l ~......

September 1971 Looking over a private collection of Indian artifacts in Pickens is Max Walkingstick, a full-blooded Cherokee.

-Photo by William E . Payne

white Indian trader from Ninety Six. One night after overhearing Cherokee warriors plotting to at­ tack the settlement and massacre all the whites she stole away, mounted an Indian pony and rode to Ninety Six to warn the settlers. The Chero­ kees fell upon the settlement the next day but their attack was re­ pulsed. Isaqueena remained in Ninety Six and married her sweet­ heart. However, the Cherokees did not forget her treachery. Later on they captured both Isaqueena and her husband, returned them to Keowee Village and placed them in bondage. At last an opportunity to escape arose and they fled into the moun­ tains to hide. One day as Isaqueena - was walking near the banks of a stream she was spotted by a band of Cherokee scouts. She fled from them downstream until she came to ducted daily by the Pendleton Dis­ Pickens' retirement home, the Red a waterfall (present Isaqueena Falls) trict Historical and Recreational House, and the battleground where that dropped over a series of rocky Commission, headquartered in the Pickens engaged in his last des­ ledges. As her pursuers closed in she century-old Hunter's Store building perate ring fight with the Cherokee leaped into the falls and disap­ near the village green. Group tours Indians during the Revolution. peared in the foaming water. The can be arranged in advance by con­ History and legend add interest Cherokees assumed she had met her tacting the commission's office at and color to the many recreational death and abandoned their pursuit. 125 E. Queen St. Information and areas within short driving distance However, Isaqueena had landed directions can also be supplied at from the Cherokee Highway. safely on one of the rocky ledges commission headquarters which Stumphouse Mountain Park is in where she was concealed by the houses a museum and bookstore. the vicinity of historic Stumphouse curtain of water. Her husband had Other historic points of interest Tunnel, one of three railroad witnessed the incident and suc­ near the Cherokee Highway are Old tunnels cut through the mountains ceeded in rescuing her. They then Stone Church (1802); Fort Hill, in the ~id-1800s for the purpose of escaped downstream to the Savan­ home of Vice President and Senator building a railroad line from nah River and made their way back John C. Calhoun at Clemson Uni­ Charleston to the Midwest. Work to Ninety Six. versity; Hopewell, built by Gen. was halted due to lack of funds Stumphouse Mountain Park and Andrew Pickens near Clemson; prior to the Civil War, but at one Oconee State Park are both located Oconee Station, early English out­ time a sizeable town known as in Sumter National Forest in post which was used as an Indian Tunnel Hill existed in the area. Oconee County and are easily ac­ trading post; and homes of many Some years ago the tunnel was used cessible from the Cherokee High­ other colorful Pendleton District by Clemson University for the aging way. Stumphouse has 24 camping personalities, including Revolution­ of blue cheese, the first such suc­ units while Oconee Park has 20 ary War Capt. James "Horseshoe" cessful venture in the South. rental vacation cottages and about Robinson. A visit to Tamassee DAR Near the tunnel is beautiful Isa­ 40 camping units available on a School for mountain children will queena Falls, named for an Indian daily or weekly basis. Both parks prove interesting. Near the school, maiden who worked as a slave for offer an abundance of outdoor the only one of its kind in the her Cherokee captors. According to recreation-swimming and boating nation, is the site of Gen. Andrew legend, Isaqueena fell in love with a in Oconee's clear mountain lake,

34 Sandlapper picnicking, fishing, and hiking along Many evidences of the Cherokee Many Cherokee Indian artifacts nature trails. Indians await the adventurer in are on display at the Pickens Camping facilities are provided at remote parts of the mountains. The County Museum. On Labor Day numerous other locations through­ explorer may also view piles of slate you'll be able to join in Hillbilly out Sumter National Forest which rock near old mine shafts where Day festivities at the little com­ offers a beautiful setting of natural early mining operations took place. munity of Salem, and by all means mountain terrain with numerous In the Andrew Pickens Division of take time to see history in the lakes and streams, spectacular Sumter National Forest are several making at the Visitors Center of waterfalls and nature trails. Two ancient stone chimneys. Some Duke Power Company's Keowee­ popular camping areas are Cherry think these were built by a much Toxaway Project. In the center's Hill Campground, offering 20 earlier civilization, but residents of 120-seat auditorium the story of camping units, and Burrells Ford the vicinity claim they were used as energy is told in film and slide pres­ Campground with nine camping "drafters" for blasting operations at entations. units. Burrells Ford is situated near Kuhtman Gold Mine-a mine in The great potential of northwest­ the scenic Chattooga River, one of operation in Cheohee Valley in the ern South Carolina as one of the the few rivers in the Southeast still 1830s, prior to the California gold major recreational areas of the in its natural wild state. The Chat­ rush. 0 ld gristmills with pictu­ Southeast has been recognized for tooga River rapids are a challenge resque waterwheels and quaint many years, but only in the past to the skilled canoer; the fishing is covered bridges are other evidences decade have plans for development excellent and the river scenery of a bygone time that many will of that potential begun to take superb. delight in seeing during their ram­ shape. Part of the dream has al­ Other suggested side trips are a blings over the region. ready been realized through both tour of Long Creek apple country where orchards are loaded with red fruit in the fall, and where a color­ ful apple festival attracts visitors from near and far; a visit to White­ water Falls, highest cascade in east­ ern America, and other equally beautiful if lesser-known falls such as Reedy Cove, Brasstown, Laurel Creek and others. Some of these are off the beaten path but are well worth a trip to see them. A drive via paved road to the top of Sassa­ fras Mountain, the highest moun­ tain in South Carolina (3,560 ft.), is also time well spent. A little further to the northeast you can swing off the Cherokee Highway to Table Rock State Park on the upper edge of Pickens County. Table Rock Park is set against a background of Appalachian peaks. The woodlands are part of the world's largest conif­ erous forest and a spectacular view of the countryside is offered from the top of Table Rock Mountain (3,124 ft.) which is reached by way of a scenic hiking trail. The park has a jewel-like lake, numerous picnic areas, 12 vacation cottages and 35 camping units.

-Photo by Hurley E. Badders The water flow of lsaqueena Falls varies, depending upon the opening of the gates of Walhalla reservoir.

September 1971 I • I I I• , 1 I

Kayaks are a familiar sight on the elude campgrounds, a golf course, woolen mills, a gun factory and wild Chattooga River which forms rental cabins, swimming pools, a other 19th-century industries once the northwestern boundary between lodge, restaurant, playgrounds, flourished, a vacation village park is South Carolina and Georgia. stables, excursion boats and boat to be developed. public and private development, launching facilities. At Duke's Another state park for which but there is much more to come. In lower lake, Lake Keowee, recrea­ plans are projected is Rock Hill the upper reaches of the Cherokee tional facilities involving both State Park, to be located directly Highway near Keowee-Toxaway private and public investments and across 1-85 from the Welcome waters a new state park (Keowee­ vacation home developments are Center on the eastern shore of the To x away State Park) will soon planned. Certain areas around the Tugaloo River. Extension of the become a reality. The Cherokee lake will be reserved for develop­ Cherokee Highway will make this Highway will bisect this new park, ment of lakefront houses and cot­ currently inaccessible area readily 1o cated on a peninsula between tages by private individuals. accessible to the general public. Cedar Creek and Eastatoe Creek, When the Cherokee Foothills From the time the first white about three miles from Duke's Scenic Highway is extended to a settlers put down their roots in the Jocassee Dam. point near the Welcome Center on rolling hills and vales of South Land for the 1,000-acre park was 1-85 south, the scenic route through Carolina's last frontier, the age-old allocated to the state of South the foothills will provide direct beauty and charm of Cherokee Carolina by Duke Power which has access from near the North Carolina country has lured vacationers. In also allocated to the S.C. Wildlife line to Hartwell Reservoir on the the early 19th century it was a Commission 68,000 acres around Georgia line. Man-made Hartwell summer Mecca for residents of the Lake Jocassee for development of a Lake, covering 61,000 acres with a South Carolina Low Country. game and wildlife preserve. The pre­ 963-mile shoreline, is already Today its popularity is spreading serve will be stocked with deer, dotted with state and federal parks, throughout the nation as those who bears and turkeys for future hunt­ several marinas and numerous home travel the new scenic highway dis­ ing purposes and will be retained in subdivisions. In the future the S.C. cover and enjoy the advantages of its original wild state, with access Department of Parks, Recreation this rapidly developing playground by foot or on horseback only. and Tourism plans to develop a in the northwestern corner of the Virgin forests which were probably peninsula and an island behind the state. saplings when William Bartram ex­ 1-85 Welcome Center. The other plored the region grow in this proposed major tourist attraction Beth Ann Klosky is the author of scenic wonderland. would be located in the middle of The Pendleton Legacy: An Illus­ Recreational development pro­ Hartwell Lake on Andersonville trated History of the District, pub­ posed by Duke includes a 1,000- Island, site of one of the Up lished by Sandlapper Press, Inc. and acre public resort area near the Country's earliest industrial towns available through Sandlapper Book­ Jocassee Dam site. Facilities will in- and river ports. Where cotton and store.

36 Sand lap per We spent a busy summer installing sophisticated new equipment that'll allow us extra time to do things for YOU, such as develop­ ing new information and entertainment features, probing for improved under­ standing of the changing times and expanding com­ munity involvement. We've got the best gadgets and the sharpest people and we've put'em together in a superlative radio service. Tune 56 and seei ganized into "The Spartan Band," WHICH commanded by Col. E.R. Stack­ house, later a U.S. congressman. The CAME Confederate government had a food-storage commissary there for FIRST: The town its army. Not far from the commis­ sary, a cloth shop wove cotton or the rock? thread from Richmond County, North Carolina, into cloth material, and the product was colored with dye made from the bark of trees on the river banks. About 60 years ago, Little Rock boasted a number of churches, a large gin, two livery stables, a post office, a depot, a bank, a black­ smith's shop, a dozen stores, and several garages and warehouses. On ince ancient times, there has present site was chosen for the Nov. 11, 1909, the citizens made a been discussion among sages as town of Little Rock. bid for Little Rock to be designated Sto which came first-the chicken According to historians, the early the county seat. They filed a check or the egg. Country-style philos­ residents placed a four-inch-bore for $25,000 to underwrite the con­ ophers loafing around Tyler's Gen­ brass cannon of Revolutionary War struction of a courthouse and a jail. eral Merchandise Store at Little vintage behind the stone. The At that time, the population of Rock, South Carolina, continue to weapon thundered on holidays and Little Rock was about 300. Dillon de bate a chronological point: announced births, marriages and and Latta were the competing Which came first-the town or the funerals. Immediately preceding the cities, and Dillon eventually won rock? Civil War, the cannon disappeared the county seat bid. The rock in question sits at the and has never been relocated. During those days Little Rock base of an oak tree beside Tyler's, Little Rock experienced the farmers expressed such opposition and the name of the Dillon County founding of the first Methodist to the laying of the Atlantic Coast community-"Little Rock, S.C."-is church and the first school in the Line Railroad tracks through the painted on the stone. The marker is area which later became Dillon town ("because it scared the horses located at the center of the village, County. Bishop Francis Asbury and mules") that the tracks went to where S.C. 9 intersects Secondary established the Liberty Chapel in Dillon instead. This turn of events Route 23. Some of the local philos­ 1786, and the school was held in drew much of the trade and some ophers affirm that since stones are the church until a log school build­ of the population away from Little rare in the area, this particular rock ing was constructed in the early Rock. But the current population inspired the town's name. Other 1800s. According to the records, of around 225 persons are not yet sages claim the stone may have the school had capable teachers and ready to make funeral arrangements been imported to the site in order ''awakened a spirit of industrial for the town. Many of the present to justify the community's cog­ arts." citizens are middle-aged or elderly; nomen. Thompson and Stephens' Dillon however, they are practically unani­ Situated about four miles north­ County history (1922) makes this mous in defending their community northwest of Dillon and about a observation on the school's grad­ as a thriving one. mile from the Little Pee Dee River, uates: "They have no cause to blush Jim Norton, the town historian, the town of Little Rock has a his­ when they say, 'I am from Little insists, "We are a progressive com­ tory which dates back to the 1700s. Rock.' Out from this school district munity." He and others scoff at Around 1785, Thomas Harllee have gone bankers, statesmen, doc­ any suggestion that the town is moved from Virginia to the area tors, lawyers, ministers, missionaries, growing smaller. He repeats, "The and settled near what is now Harl­ merchants, nurses, planters, teachers future looks good." leesville Bridge. The original settler and men and women in every walk Which came first-the town or reportedly built flats and boats of life of whom many have made the rock? As long as they con­ which he sold to the rice planters. He great successes in their lines of pro­ tinue to coexist the debate will also constructed a store on the river fessions and who are proud to say, continue. bank and farmers from miles 'I am from Little Rock.' " around traded there. A few years During the Civil War, a company Addison Barker is a free-lance writer later, more settlers arrived and the of Little Rock volunteers was or- from Florence.

38 Sand lap per We'll build another electric system the size of our present one by 1977. The reason? To keep ahead of the demand for elec­ tric power,. which has been doubling about every six years 1n our area. Because of electricity's important role in our daily lives and in helping solve many of . man's greatest problems - in en­ vironment, medicine and education to name a few - we must build and expand. We have a commitment to you. " And we are working hard to keep it. \-: CP&L Carolina Power & Light Company SALTWATER I: I MARSHES 1 1 I GROWTH RINGS I IN THE PROCESS OF CONTINENTAL EXPANSION

By Edwin H. Stone

he great belt of salt marshes that lies along much of the sea fron­ II Ttiers of the Southeastern states is probably one of our least-under­ stood geological features. A question frequently asked is : What is really taking place in this in-between land that is alternately flooded and drained by the ebb and flow of the ocean tides?

40

These great tidal flats, lying for The most the most part between the perma­ prevalent nent highland and the sandy of the four-footed beaches of the seashore, are in fact animals growth rings of a continent caught in the in the process of expansion. This marshland type of continental expansion, is the where marshes are created as a raccoon. His furry phase of the process, is the result of coat and a combination of conditions such as tail are coastal currents, winds and wave kept sheared action and, perhaps the most impor­ by the tant ingredient, time. sharp blades of saw grass. Conditions that make natural land building possible are apparent along the South Carolina coast, and there are salt marshes along about 90 per cent of its length. With a low-lying coast in relation to sea level, a shallow continental shelf, and a southward coastal current, conditions are right for the widen­ created. In the lagoon formed be­ takes far longer than the building of ing of the state's Coastal Plain. hind the beach, there begins the the offshore barrier that formed it. Strong currents carrying vast centuries-long process of sedimenta­ Silt from the ebb and flow of amounts of silt pass southward tion which eventually changes this countless tides is partially respon­ along the Carolina coast. The cur­ body of water, first into marshland sible for sedimentation. However, rents are constantly spilling the silt and finally into highland. Thus, the the down-drift of mineral and or­ along the edges where the flow continental mass takes another step ganic matter from the permanent weakens, thus forming a submerged seaward. highland is responsible for the larg­ offshore ridge or bar parallel to the With the shoreline thus ex­ est part. When the floor level of the coast. Through the years this ridge tended, the waters off the new lagoon has built up to a point builds up so close to the surface beach shallows rapidly force the where it is above water during low that the incoming waves, pushed by coastal current farther outward; an­ tide but submerged at high tide, prevailing offshore winds, touch other submerged ridge begins and compatible plant life springs up and bottom and break. These breaking the process starts all over again. a salt marsh is formed. waves sweep up the sand and shell It would seem that wind and The lagoon type of formation of from the ridge into an ever-increas­ wave action would erode the coast­ marshland is not the only marsh ing pile and eventually the pile line, and where conditions are right, creation in the coastal region. Fore­ emerges above water as a sand spit it does. South Carolina is presently going the infinitesimal rise or fall of or sandbar. losing some of its lower sea island mean sea level and the possibility of This sandbar partially encloses frontage, but this is only momen­ land upheaval or depression by the area of water between it and tary in relation to nature's long­ earthquake or continental drift, the shore, forming a lagoon. The term processes that have expanded there is the delta type formation of offshore ridge is constantly fed by our land mass from the Piedmont boggy lowland masses which is the silt-carrying current. Wave Plateau to the present coastline. found in the great estuaries of slow­ action washes the ridge's silt up For a proper conception of nature's moving, freshwater rivers such as upon the sandbar; then the wind processes of extending a coastline, the Palmetto State's Santee and takes over, drying the silt and blow­ in which the marshland belt is a Combahee. This type of marsh is ing it up into dunes. These dunes phaseological part, the process must distinguished from marsh created constantly build higher and wider be viewed in terms of centuries or by the lagoon process in several until a well-defined barrier is even aeons. ways. Most significant is its endless formed and an offshore beach is Sedimentation of the lagoon life cycle. The estuary marsh does

42 Sand lap per not experience the change from wet blue heron and the white egret. They on tiptoes across the mud flats-­ to dry land status as does the la­ wade in the flooded plain and feed forward, sideways, backwards, as if goon type. It progresses seaward at on small fish and crustaceans. It is radar controlled. Blue crabs swim the same pace in the land building the homeland of the marsh hens silently under the water's surface, process, sometimes faster where the which quietly feed at low tide along and white snails climb impercept­ rivers empty into relatively calm the tidal creeks. They build flat ibly up the grass stalks just ahead of seas. But the estuary marsh seems nests that look like inverted baskets the rising tide. Wind and water keep to stay a marsh forever .. As long as with handles looped around the tall the marsh spiders busy mending the water supply continues, the grass stems so that they may rise their small patches of lace, and river will continue to flow through and fall with the tides without playful otters take turns on a mud its many shallow outlets, creating drifting away. The cackle of the slide by the creek. Mink, swimming and eliminating bars and channels marsh hen on a quiet summer night through the thick grass to avoid a and pushing its ever-changing con­ can be heard great distances over family of patrolling marsh hawks, figuration slowly against the sea. the vast moorland and usually indi­ go about their busy way. Oysters Except for the immediate coastal cates the presence of a marauding and clams can be heard snapping areas of the delta-formed marshes, animal. closed at the end of their feeding as there are different flora and fauna The nervous little marsh wrens, the fall of the tide bares the nesting here. Lily pads grow in abundance, birds seldom seen by man because banks where they grow in clusters. and the waters teem with fresh­ they rarely stray from their marsh­ An occasional excited fluttering water fish and other wildlife native land habitat, have a unique sense of and squawking tells the grassland to the vast savannahs and open preservation. They weave nests of community that an egret's toe has swamps of the low country. strong grass fibers in the general been caught as one of the bivalves The delta-formed marshland shape of a hornet's nest and cement closed, but the alarm ends shortly areas are true fresh or semi-fresh­ them thoroughly with mud. One as the bird pulls itself free. water swamps. They are continuous small opening just large enough for Of the four-legged population of habitats for the same type of plant the diminutive wren to enter is pro­ the marshes, raccoons are undoubt­ life and wildlife. In the lagoon­ vided. This hole is located near the edly the most numerous. (The ex­ produced marshes, life in the salt­ bottom of the nest, and the eggs are pression "worthless as a marsh water environment, such as crabs, laid on a ledge in the interior. In coon" has long been a part of the shrimp, oysters, otters, mink and addition to this miniature fortress, marsh dweller's language.) The rac­ sometimes a migrant seal, even­ wrens further foil and confuse their coon has been a heavy contributor tually gives way to dry land crea­ nest-robbing enemies by building 8 to the fur industry. Its soft, long­ tures such as the cottontail rabbit, or 10 nests in a patch of high bull­ haired coat and fluffy ringed tail the ground nesting dove, lizards and rushes. Somewhere in this maze have graced both the raccoon and red ants. This takes place when the they select just one in which to lay milady's habit. Not so with the marsh floor has risen above the eggs and raise young. lowly marsh coon, however, for reach of the tides, and broomstraw When the warm waters of foraging in the sharp saw grass of and huckleberry have replaced the summer nurture the salt marsh grass the salt marshes keeps its coat salt grass. to the peak of its growth, these wet sheared. The coastal marshes, while in­ prairies, crisscrossed by tidal The element of the salt marshes volved in a long geological change, streams, contribute much to the en­ which many find unpleasant is are also places of colorful and in­ vironment of wildlife and man. To created when low tides bare the teresting seasonal change. When the man they are an important source mud flats and they are exposed to young grass is fresh with the green for fish. Their endless seas of green, the heat of the summer sun. The of spring, a yellowish-white bloom so restful to the eye, set a scene of obnoxious odor of the hot gaseous emerges along its upper stem, giving stillness and tranquillity while life mud is overwhelming to many, but the entire expanse of the marshland in its own microcosm goes on. it is not unhealthful. The exposed a soft finish in the sunlight and The wading crane plucks its food pluff mud seems structureless to filling the night air with a sweet fra­ from the shallows where fish feed the eye but contains much vege­ grance. on tiny crustaceans that thrive in table matter and, like peat, has The great seas of grass form a the rich pluff mud of the marsh great preservative powers. Wood haven for waterfowl such as the great floor. Armies of fiddler crabs move will not decay in it and iron rust is

September 1971 43 without the inconvenience of the cycling of the tides. With the passing of summer, the tidelands go through two more seasonal changes. The golden marshes of October present an un­ paralleled panorama of color. Cleansed of much of their flotsam and debris by the extra-high autum­ nal equinox tides, they glisten in the sunlight like great seas of ripened grain. Redwing blackbirds in flocks that darken the sky form an ever-moving curtain over the vast grassland. As the gold turns to brown with the coming of winter, the grass decays at the mud level and begins to fall. Wind and cur­ rents sweep the grass into rafts of sedge which float down the tidal streams to the sea. Sometimes a late-roaming alligator, like a half­ submerged log,. drifts silently along retarded. The Indians as well as machinery at the mill. Many acres with the rafts, waiting for unsus­ later marsh dwellers have used it for of the salt marshes were encom­ pecting white terns which hitch a antiseptic purposes. passed by earthen dikes and fitted Dikes and canals utilizing the with flood gates through which sea­ periodic rise and fall of the tide water was permitted to pass during Left: The golden marshes of October were once employed in a system of the interval of the rising tide. When are a panorama of color. Below: Wind and water play havoc with the web irrigation and water control for the the tide reached its peak and the of the marsh spider. Right: A white culture of rice and, to a smaller enclosed area was filled, the gates heron awaits the fish which, in extent, indigo. In one known inci­ were closed. Shortly thereafter, the turn, is seeking the tiny crustaceans. dent, tidewater was used to drive water outside the dike would begin machinery in a unique marshland to recede and, when it became suf­ installation. ficiently low, flumes that passed The great rice industry of South from the tidal reservoir to under­ Carolina and its neighboring states shot waterwheels beneath the mill­ was not practiced in the pure salt house were opened. The outflow of marshes where saltwater from the water powered the mill until the sea was the only available water for supply of water was gone or the irrigation. The rice fields were next rising tide reached the level of usually located in the marshes of the flumes. great estuaries of freshwater The absence of historical records streams where the seawater did not and actual relics concerning this reach, but where the rise and fall of type of operation indicate that the the ocean tides did cause a rise and trapping of ocean tides in the fall of freshwater in the estuaries. marshes for waterpower obviously At Stone's Mill, located on Mill did not reach the popularity of the Creek on James Island near Charles­ inland creek system, wherein a ton, a system of dikes and flumes small dam properly placed could was set up so that tidewater could create a head of water (millpond) be trapped and used to drive the sufficient for continuous operation

44 Sand lap per ride on the makeshift vessels. By January the marshes are a bleak gray expanse of wasteland. On cold frosty mornings countless little pockets of warm seawater left by the tides send up a curling, smokelike vapor that makes the whole marshland look as though it's afire. At night, when a full moon rises over the cassina thickets along the sand dunes of the offshore beach, it lays a yellow path of rip­ pling highlights across the water that can be seen in the almost grass­ less plain. The bark of the otter can be heard in the still of the night, along with other unidentifiable sounds as the moorland reveals its spooks and superstitions to the old marsh dwellers who live along its shores. Ecologically, the marshes are, as all other natural features of our land, experiencing man's tamper­ ings. Nature uses the same time­ table in raising the salt marshes to highland status as it uses in the lagoon building of new marshland. By the time some existing marsh areas approach highland status, other areas are halfway through, and still others are just beginning. In this way the continuity of life in the marsh community is uninter­ rupted. Land filling by man exceeds by unimaginable proportions na­ ture's timetable in the marshes, and the creatures of this habitat have no place to go to wait until new marshes are born. Man destroys wildlife quickly when he destroys its habitat. Unless the filling and draining of the marshes by other than natural pro­ cesses is stopped, these great green waterland areas along our coast will vanish-along with much of the di­ versified life that moves within its environment.

Edwin Hoyt Stone is a free-lance writer from Charleston.

September 1971 MAIN DISHES • • FROM THE

lorence women have been "lib­ to 11/i hours or until tender. Serve erated "-from the kitchen! Or so over rice. Serves 4 to 6. Fit appears from the interest ex­ Pierre O. Evans pressed by the men of the Pee Dee Chicken Livers with Wild Rice area in turning out delectable 1 cup wild rice dishes, from gourmet masterpieces 3 cups boiling water to simple everyday fare. 112 tsp. salt In keeping with South Carolina's Pinch of thyme Dash of pepper tricentennial celebration, the Junior Bouquet garni Welfare League of Florence, South 1 medium onion, finely chopped Carolina, Inc., has gathered a 6 tbsp. butter tempting variety of recipes, the re­ 1 lb. chicken livers sult of which is 100 Years of Flor­ Wash wild rice until the water is ence Cooking, an attractive 200- clear, then let it soak in cold water page cookbook. Proceeds from the for 30 minutes. Drain the rice and book will be used to finance Junior place in saucepan with the boiling e t League charities and projects. water, salt, thyme, pepper and a Particularly outstanding is the bouquet garni composed of 6 sprigs selection of men's cuisine featured. of parsley, 3 celery tops and a bay In addition to the many main-dish leaf, tied together with thread. favorites, the men have also in­ Cover and simmer for about 40 to c 1uded special salad and dessert 45 minutes ( or until the rice is recipes. Try one or all of the fol­ tender), stirring frequently and add­ lowing dishes and it will be evident ing more water if necessary. why Florence has long been noted Saute the onion in 3 tablespoons for its outstanding cuisine. of butter. Add the chicken livers, cut Noel Chicken into large pieces, and cook 5 min­ a la Tour D 'Argent utes longer. Place the chicken livers 4 large (or 6 medium) chicken in a casserole with the cooked rice breasts and the remaining liquid, discarding 1 can cream of mushroom soup the bouquet garni. Blend the 1 3-oz. can mushroom crowns, mixture thoroughly and taste for broiled 1 cup sour cream seasoning. Dot the casserole with 112 cup sherry remaining butter. Bake 15 minutes Paprika in moderate oven (375 degrees). Place chicken breasts, skin side Serve directly from the casserole. up, in a ll1h x 71h x l1/2 baking Dr. John Hunter dish. With exception of paprika, Minced Veal in combine remaining ingredients, in­ White Wine Cream Sauce e I cluding mushroom liquid; pour over (This dish from Switzerland is chicken. Sprinkle generously with called emince de veau in the paprika. Bake at 350 degrees for 1 French-speaking areas, Geschnet-

46 Sandlapper e e

PEE DEE Compiled by Sue B. Keller

zeltes in the German-speaking dis­ bacon. Other seasonings may be Salt and pepper tricts.) added to taste. More rice may be 2 prepared piecrusts, one cut in strips 6 tbsp. butter added to serve more people. Serves 3 tbsp. vegetable oil 6 to 8. Cover doves in large pot with l1h lbs. veal cutlet Bart Fordham water. Add celery, onion, and salt 2 tbsp. finely chopped onions and pepper to taste desired. Cook 1h cup dry white wine 1 cup whipping cream Mardie's Shrimp Pie doves over low heat until tender. Salt 2 9-inch piecrusts Remove doves, drain until cool and White pepper 1 cup finely diced onions then remove meat from bone. Mix 1h cup brown sauce or roast beef 1 cup finely diced celery flour with 1,4 cup of the stock from gravy 1h cup finely diced bell pepper 4 slices bacon the pot where the doves were Melt the butter in a heavy 10- or 3 cups tomatoes cooked and blend well. Add this to 12-inch skillet, add the onions and 1 can tomato soup the rest of the stock and stir over cook over low heat until the 1 6-oz. can tomato paste low heat until it begins to thicken. onions are transparent. Do not let 2 lbs. shrimp (in shells) Remove from heat. Drain oysters I e 1 tbsp. sherry them brown. Pound the veal cutlets 1h cup bread crumbs and add them and the can of peas until they are about 1/8 inch thick, 1 tsp. sugar to the stock. Line a casserole with discarding all the fat and mem­ Pinch of oregano piecrust. You may use frozen pie­ branes. Cut the veal into match-size Dice bacon, fry crisp; add crust that has been thawed. Preheat pieces about 2 inches long. Add the onions, celery and bell pepper to oven to 350 degrees and bake pie­ veal to the onions in the skillet and bacon drippings and bacon. Saute crust approximately 10 minutes or cook over medium heat until the un ti1 well done. Add tomatoes, until pastry starts to brown. Re­ veal is done and the volatile liquid tomato soup and tomato paste. move from oven and allow to cool. is cooked away. Stir constantly so Cook slowly several hours until Put in a layer of doves and then a the veal does not brown. Adjust the thick. Season with sherry, oregano layer of liquid with oysters. Repeat heat if necessary. Add the wine and and salt. Boil and peel shrimp. Add until the casserole is almost filled. brown sauce, bring to a boil and shrimp to sauce. Thicken mixture Cover the top of the casserole with add the cream. Stir constantly over with bread crumbs. Place in two strips of pastry. Bake at 350 de­ moderately high heat until the partially baked piecrusts. Sprinkle grees, browning the top. Serves 8. sauce is lightly thickened. Salt and with bread crumbs. Bake at 325 Charles Holland pepper to taste. Serves 4. degrees for 15 to 20 minutes just Joe Shuman 100 years of Florence Cooking is prior to serving. Serves 10 to 12. available from the Sandlapper (This is an old family recipe from Crab Rice Bookstore, or may be ordered by 4 cups cooked rice my mother.) John H. Knobeloch mailing a check or money order 2 cups crab meat for $4.00 (plus 50 cents for post­ 6 strips bacon 2 medium onions Dove and Oyster Pie age and handling and 16 cents 16 dressed doves, (approx.) sales tax for S.C. residents) pay­ Fry bacon and save grease. Saute able to the Junior Welfare onions in bacon fat. When onions 1 cup chopped celery t 1 cup chopped onion League of Florence, S.C., Inc., e are tender add crab meat and 4 tbsp. flour P.O. Box 3715, Florence, S.C. brown. Add rice, one spoonful at a 1 pint oysters 29501. time, and brown. Add chipped 1 can garden peas

September 1971 47 -Photo by Albert P. Hout ,, eonies are hardy perennial plants l that need little care and live Pthrough severe winters. After they have become established in a garden, they will bloom each spring for many years. These beautiful flowers bloom in May and June, and the_predominant colors are white, yellow, cream, pink, rose and deep red. Peonies are grouped into five types according to the shape of the petals: single, semidouble, double, Japanese and anemone. Each type includes many varieties. Peonies grow from tubers which store food that is produced by the leaves. New flowers develop from buds, or eyes, on the tuber. A single tuber may have many eyes but it must have at least three to thrive. Plants grown from tubers with less than three eyes may take three to five years to produce, and even THE PEONY A HARDY PERENNIAL

By Albert P. Hout

48 Sand lap per then the blossoms will be small and sun as possible. (If they are planted ing and thawing that pushes tubers few in number. Peony tubers with beneath trees or shrubs they will out of the soil. Summer mulching fewer than three eyes may also rot bloom, but these plants will absorb keeps the soil from drying out. in the ground. By the same token, water and nourishment needed by Such mulching will also help pre­ tubers with more than five eyes will the peonies.) vent weed growth. often fail to produce large flowers; In South Carolina, plant tubers Soon after the ground first therefore, when you buy tubers, in September or early October so freezes, cover the clumps with one make sure that they have from they will have time to become to two inches of straw or peat moss three to five eyes. (Tubers with established in the soil before and a nice layer of evergreen three to five eyes may also flower winter. They should be planted in boughs. In the spring, when danger within two years after planting.) well-drained soil and will grow best of freezing has passed, remove the During growth, peonies develop a in slightly raised beds. (Roots winter mulch and spread a summer long taproot and many short roots. quickly rot in soil that holds mois­ mulch of straw or peat moss one to The thick, straight taproot extends ture.) two inches thick around the plants. farther into the soil than the other Peonies thrive in deep, fertile Weeds use water, fertilizer and roots. It is not uncommon for tap­ clay loam, although they will do space that peonies need, so weed roots to grow 12 to 15 inches in well in any good garden soil. Pre­ carefully the area around the length. With this solid support to pare the soil two to four weeks be­ tubers. Water peonies often after anchor them, peonies do not need fore planting time so it will settle the tubers have been planted in the to be sheltered from strong wind thoroughly by the time you are fall and again during spring and after they have become established. ready to plant. Spade organic summer of the first growing season. Moreover, good air circulation will matter-compost, well-rotted Water them often enough to keep help control fungus diseases. manure or peat moss-into the soil. the soil slightly damp, but not wet. Although you can buy fully When you are ready to begin Frequent watering is necessary grown plants and transplant them planting, dig a hole about l1h feet during the first season to establish in the spring, you will find this across and 11h feet deep for each the roots in the soil. After the first rather expensive. Also, fully grown tuber. Space the holes so that the year, normal rainfall usually pro­ plants are more difficult to keep plants will be at least three feet vides enough moisture except alive because they are growing apart. Pile the loose soil at the side during droughts. when you plant them. Therefore, of the hole and break up all lumps. Peonies need moderate ferti­ for best results, buy and plant Fill the hole about half full of soil lizing, especially if you want large tubers. mixed with a quarter cup of 10-6-4 flowers. The first spring after plant­ After you have selected the fertilizer. Leave the rest of the soil ing, apply a handful of 10-6-4 ferti­ colors that you want ( a visit to at the side until planting time. lizer to the soil around each clump. neighborhood gardens, nurseries or Plant the tuber with the upper­ Care, however, must be taken so botanical gardens may help you in most eye not more than two inches that the fertilizer does not come in making your selections), start pre­ below the ground surface. Put a contact with the roots, stems or paring the bed. The location of the little soil around the tuber and leaves and bum them. bed should be given much thought, water it thoroughly; then fill the Plants properly cared for will for it will probably remain where it hole with the remaining soil and provide fresh color and beauty for a is for a long time. press it down firmly. Water again to decade and a half, at which time Peonies may be grown in shaded settle the tuber. they become too crowded. areas but the flowers blossoming in It is good to mulch peonies in such a location will be small; there­ both winter and summer. Winter Albert P. Hout is a free-lance writer fore, the bed should have as much mulching prevents alternate freez- from Appomattox, Virginia.

September 1971 49 AID FOR THE ELDERLY

By Larry Cribb

or some, the "golden years" figures? Who is concerned about what needs of the elderly could be (those years after retirement helping our older citizens find met with new and imaginative pro­ Fwhen one may enjoy leisure answers to their many problems? grams at the community level. The activities and the finer things of There was a time when the older council was also given the reponsi­ life) aren't so golden after all. There people of this state felt that no one bility of working with other state are more than 185,000 senior citi­ was interested in helping them; but agencies dealing with the elderly, zens in South Carolina who are 65 that is not the case now. and coordinating and improving all or older, and statistics show that a In 1966 the General Assembly of the currently existing programs." great many of them are living on established the South Carolina Retired Congressman James P. fixed incomes which are below the Interag~ncy Council on Aging, and Richards of Lancaster was ap­ poverty level. in the intervening years this organi­ pointed the first chairman of the Older people also face a great zation has compiled a tremendous council's governing board, with Dr. many other problems in their day­ record of finding and implementing Rosamonde Boyd as first vice­ to-day lives in the areas of trans­ solutions to the problems of the chairman. Others instrumental in portation, housing, health care and elderly. the establishment of the agency in­ leisure time activities. "We felt that our first responsi­ clude such well-known South Caro­ Earlier retirement and an in­ bility was to initiate a program of linians as Dr. Wil Lou Gray, Dr. crease in the life-span mean that the public information to educate the Mary Eva Hite, Dr. Marvin Rast and roll of senior citizens is increasing people of South Carolina about the M.L. McHugh. every year. South Carolina has situation our senior citizens found Officially the goals of the council some 3,500 persons each year who themselves in, :.and about the spe­ are outlined in a simple state­ reach their 65th birthday. The cific needs of this growing segment ment-to strive to establish new number has quadrupled since the of our population," says Harry R. programs and improve existing pro­ tum of the century, and by 1985 it Bryan, executive director of the grams to aid the elderly in South is estimated the ranks will be reach­ council. Carolina. A member of the staff ing the 300,000 mark. He continues: summed it up even more con­ Who is concerned about these "We then felt we must determine cisely-to help change a person's

50 Sand lapper later years from uselessness to use­ emption which would exempt the incomes as well. Fortunately, hous­ fulness. elderly from paying taxes on their ing authorities are paying more at­ From a fledgling state agency in homes. Business firms could help tention to building suitable accom­ 1966 with nothing but an office in by giving the elderly special rates or modations for the elderly, and Columbia, the South Carolina Inter­ discounts on such things as drugs, some churches are providing such agency Council on Aging today can glasses and hearing aids. Statistics facilities. boast a well-rounded staff and 13 show that a major portion of the Homes which provide individual local senior citizens' organizations income of elderly persons must be rooms and group eating facilities throughout the state which are spent for health care. are one answer; another is a foster working daily with the elderly. Housing and Living Arrange­ home plan for the elderly similar to The council has also initiated 22 ments-This becomes an increas­ that provided for children. More projects ranging from providing ingly difficult problem for the el­ senior citizens could stay on in their recreational, educational and cul­ derly, especially as they become own homes if health services and tural services five days a week in older or have more illnesses. The homemaker services could be ar­ Sumter to an employment and difficulty of finding suitable living ranged for them in their homes. counseling center which seeks part­ arrangements affects not only the Transportation-The simple task time work for the elderly in Rich­ poor, but those who have adequate (Continued on page 79) land and Lexington counties. These projects have been established at a Left: A local group receives a report on a recent White House Conference on Aging. minimum cost to the state. "One of Below: A first aid course offered ·for senior citizens of Anderson was well attended. our first tasks," Bryan says, "was to establish a committee to be in charge of the federal grants pro­ gram. M.L. McHugh of Columbia was named to this post by Con­ gressman Richards. Known as the technical review committee, this group has done an excellent job in screening programs and in obtaining federal funds to finance those which are found to be most worthy. '' I believe our most effective work has been in informing the people . of South Carolina and the General Assembly about the plight of our elderly," Bryan continues. "We have received much co­ operation and help in our work, but we still have a long way to go." Bryan divides the needs of the el­ derly into several main categories and briefly lists the problems and possible solutions. Finances-Most of the retired people in South Carolina are living on retirement programs which were set up in past years. These programs have no provision for cost-of-living increases due to inflation. The council is seeking to urge employers to take this into consideration in planning retirement programs. Other items that would be help­ ful would be a homestead tax ex-

September 1971 51 I SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF

THE CASE AGAINST HUNGER A Demand for a National Policy

THE CASE AGAINST HUNGER: to end hunger in America. By U.S. Senator A DEMAND FOR A NATIONAL The book is full of facts and Ernest F. Hollings POLICY. By Ernest F. Hollings. figures which are impressive in their 276 pages. Cowles Book Company, scope-intended in part at least to Inc. $6.95. convince a doubting public that the Senator Hollings' book is not a problem exists on such a large scale. pleasant one. Its vocabulary con­ For those who doubt the figures, sists, in large measure, of such the book offers photographic testi­ words as starvation, disease, pov­ mony of poverty and hunger, taken erty and malnutrition, with a liberal from all parts of the country; the scattering of mental retardation, effect of these photos is even more frustration and revolt-in all, the startling that the words. author declares, a complex of Speaking frankly, the Senator words which affluent Americans examines present attitudes, politics, prefer to prefix with such qualify­ existing programs and possibilities. ing adjectives as Biafran, Asian and He points up the inadequacy of South American. Appalachian they present food stamp, welfare and will at times halfheartedly allow; school lunch legislation, based on American is a little too much: The unreal appraisals of the problem, Senator from South Carolina, how­ tied to local prejudices and idio­ ever, is bent on convincing us that syncracies by local administration. these words, and the grim realities He cites examples of families who A frank and comprehensive they represent, are as American as rotate their children in school be­ study of one of the most apple pie-and almost as ubiqui­ cause local powers have decided critical problems facing tous. that only one child per family per America today, with In a comprehensive study based week may dine free, of surplus proposals for its solution. on extensive research and personal crops destroyed while children observation, he considers the total starve. picture of hunger in America-from In a final section Senator Hol­ physical and psychological effects lings sets forth a 14-point program $6.95 to political maneuvers. Turning first designed to eradicate hunger in to the physical effects, he presents America and calls upon the Presi­ a vivid picture of the vicious cycle dent of the United States to lead a such conditions produce: from national effort in this direction. undernourished pregnant mother to The book is at once an indict­ mentally underdeveloped, disease­ ment and a challenge ( and not in­ prone infant, growing (if he sur­ cidentally a warning), its message vives) into a future that is substan­ quote from a Director of Commu­ Now available at tially a repetition of his parents' nity Action in Detroit: "Within past. Mentally and physically im­ walking distance of the White paired at birth, his capacity is such House sits a boy, hungry, angry, that he is doomed to fall back to a poor and alone, whose alienation is sandlapper subsistence (or lower) level of life, a time-bomb waiting to explode on producing more doomed Ameri­ our land. 240,000 miles away is the BOOKSTORE cans, ad infinitum. Refuting the moon. If this society continues to Location: U.S. 378 common American notion that any allocate its resources the way we W. Columbia, S.C. man, by sheer determination and are today, we'll put a man on the Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1668 hard work, can make good (Not if moon before we feed that boy." Columbia, S.C. 29202 he's starving, says the senator. Not The prediction is a reality. What, I if he's physically unable to work.), says Senator Hollings, are we going ii he calls upon the American public to do about it?-B.L. I

52 Sand lapper THAT AMBITIOUS MR. LE­ of love-----always religious, chivalric, GARE: THE LIFE OF JAMES M. connubial, fraternal or worshipful, LEGARE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, but never passionate-----and the CAROLINIAN A INCLUDING A COLLECTED charm of nature. He preferred, EDITION OF HIS VERSE. Curtis furthermore, the exotic in time and Important Recent Publications Carroll Davis. 356 pages. University place, never contributing to the from the of South Carolina Press. $9.95. charged political scene of the ante­ bellum South. His Romantic no­ UNIVERSITY OF A 1th ough they are sometimes tions, however, were strongly SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS overshadowed by the acclaimed rooted in a knowledge of the literary offspring of the North, classics. The title poem of Orta­ Southern men of letters have Undis, for example, is entirely in Tricentennial Edition No. 2 played a significant role in the de­ Latin. JACOB ECKHARD'S velopment of our national literary Legare's fame rests more pre­ CHOIRMASTER'S BOOK heritage. Among those Southern cariously upon his other accom­ OF 1809 writers whose contributions are of plishments. His seventeen known A Facsimile with some consequence must be in­ pieces of fiction, which range in Introduction and Notes by cluded, by merit if not by fame, length from less than a page to two George W. Williams South Carolina's James M. Legare. ten-chapter novellas, are less suc­ The achievements of his brief life, cessful artistically than the poetry. ISBN 0-87249-215-X though they have been heretofore Written for the average reader of 124 pages $12.95 largely neglected, finally receive the day, and rather in the style of THE PAPERS OF serious critical attention in That the ladies' journals that Legare him­ JOHN C. CALHOUN Ambitious Mr. Legare, a combined self decried, his prose suffers, as Volume V: 1820-1821 biography and complete edition of Davis notes, the "seminal curse" of Edited by W. Edwin Hemphill his verse. verbosity. As a painter he was ISBN 0-87249-210-9 Legare 's first accomplishment somewhat more successful, winning 761 pages $17 .95 was his birth-in Charleston, in prizes for two of his works. Accord­ 1823-into a rather distinguished ing to Mary H. Ravenel, who lived THAT AMBITIOUS Huguenot family. His third cousin, in Aiken, one panel decoration por­ MR.LEGARE once removed, was Hugh Swinton traying a slice of watermelon was The Life of James M. Legare Legare, secretary of state ad interim natural enough for a bird to fly in of South Carolina, Including a upon Webster's resignation. James and try to peck the seed. It was as Collected Edition of His Verse may have had, however, a more an inventor, however, that Legare By Curtis Carroll Davis spiritual kinsman in the person of nearly matched his talents as a ISBN 0-87249-166-8 Harriet Beecher Stowe's famous vil­ poet. In a laboratory adjacent to his 338 pages $9.95 lain, Simon (the family name is cottage, he worked on his magnum pronounced "luh-gree"). The young opus, an air-powered engine in­ SOUTH CAROLINA Southerner attended college in Bal­ tended to replace the more dan­ A Documentary Profile of timore, then settled down to work gerous steam engine. Among his the Palmetto State in a Charleston law office, where other inventions was the intriguing Compiled and Edited by overwork caused him to suffer a "Plastic-Cotton." Made of cotton, Elmer D. Johnson and succession of lung hemorrhages. His though by some now-forgotten for­ Kathleen Lewis Sloan family, because of dwindling fi­ mula, this material could be molded ISBN 0-87249-190-0 nances and James' ill health, moved into a variety of objects. 676 pages $12 .95 to Aiken in 1846, where he married Author-editor Davis has pursued and spent the remaining years of his his interest in Legare for over a life, dying at the age of 35. quarter of a century. The result is At Your Preferred Bookstore It is as a poet that Legare is some very original research (the chiefly remembered, and his poetic collection of poetry, for instance, reputation rests chiefly on his one contains 19 unanthologized volume of verse, Orta-Undis. Curtis poems). Davis' diligence in tracking Carroll Davis believes that Legare, sources, combined with a sym­ UNIVERSITY OF at his best, is appreciably better pathetic but objective approach, SOUTH CAROLINA than Paul Hamilton Hayne and the has led to a well-rounded investi­ PRESS equal of Henry Timrod. Basically a II gation that neither overlauds nor lyrist of the Romantic school, Le­ underrates Legare's contributions gare's main themes are the grandeur to his time and to posterity.

September 1971 53 apper

ES7. ROBERT E. LEE: THE MAN AND THE SOLDIER. By Philip Van Doren DA6. SAFETY CAN BE FUN. By Munro Stern. This pictorial biography re-creates Leaf. Children learn while they laugh and the Lee unknown to Americans-Lee as will long remember the basic rules of child, student, husband and father. $3.95. safety which are amusingly set forth. Re­ vised and expanded edition. Elementary. ETl. LOOK TO THE.ROCK: ONE HUN­ $3.50. DRED ANTE-BELLUM PRESBYTER­ IAN CHURCHES OF THE SOUTH. NEW BOOKS Photographs by Carl Julien. Text by AZ2. THE NAZI OLYMPICS. By Rich­ Daniel W. Hollis. $12.50. ard Mandell. The most ominous pagan spectacle of modern times unfolds in all HHlO. THE SOUTH SINCE THE WAR. its lavish, blatantly seductive power-the By Sidney Andrews. Introduction by Olympic Games of 1936. $7.95. David Donald. A Northern journalist's observation of postwar conditions in CA2. JAYBIRDS GO TO HELL ON Georgia and the Carolinas. Reissued edi­ FRIDAY AND OTHER STORIES. By tion. $10. Havilah Babcock. A sparkling collection of 16 stories about hunting, fishing and JUVENILE.BOOKS other outdoor sports. Reprint. $4.95. CN2. CHEROKEES. By Marion Israel. Ell. THE CASE AGAINST HUNGER: A Story about the Cherokee Indians, for DEMAND FOR A NATIONAL POLICY. ages 8-12. Elementary. $3. By Ernest F . Hollings. A hard-hitting ex­ pose of one of the nation's foremost DA5. MANNERS CAN BE FUN. By social and economic problems. $6.95. Munro Leaf. Leaf's straight-to-the-point advice and funny pictures have helped EKl. PRELUDE TO FAME: CRAW­ more children see the reasons for good FORD LONG'S DISCOVERY OF AN­ manners than have all the etiquette books AESTHESIA. By Ruby L. Radford. The ever .written. New, enlarged edition. Ele­ D04. BERNARD BARUCH: BOY FROM life of the Georgia doctor who first used mentary. $3.50. SOUTH CAROLINA. By Joanne anesthesia in surgery. $4.95. Launders Henry. A new biography of the Camden native who became a world ENl. THE MYTH OF SOUTHERN HIS­ famous financier, statesman and advisor TORY : HISTORICAL CONSCIOUS­ to seven Presidents. Childhood of Famous NESS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY Americans Series. Elementary. $2.75. SOUTHERN LITERATURE. By F . Garvin Davenport Jr. An examination of DZl. THE SWAMP FOX OF THE REVO­ the idea that the uniqueness of the LUTION. By Stewart Holbrook. Illus­ South's past gives it a special role to play. T/1r ,",'/or!} o(I/Jt trated by Ernest Richardson. Biography $7.95. ('011{1:d1wd1' Ar11wrdru/;,; of the exciting Revolutionary hero. Ele­ mentary. $1.95. EN2. IRON AFLOAT: THE STORY OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMORCLADS. DZ2. WAR CHIEF OF THE SEMI­ By William N. Still Jr. A new and unusual NOLES. By May McNeer. Illustrated by view of the Confederate ironclads, espe­ Lynd Ward. Biography of Osceola, skilled cially for military and naval historians. leader of the Seminole Indians in Florida, $10. told by one who has a special interest in the brave chief. Elementary. $2.95. EOl. MY SOUTH. By G. Dewey Clark. A DZ3. MEET ANDY JACKSON. By Or­ collection of human-interest stories which mande de Kay Jr. Illustrated by Isa Bar­ explore the happenings of the past as seen nett. An introduction to the exciting life through the eyes of one man who lived in of Andrew Jackson for the beginning the rural town of Manning, S.C. $2.75. reader. Elementary. $1.95.

54 Sand lap per BONUS BOOKS For each $5 in purchases of other books listed on these pages you can buy one of the bonus books below at the special price shown: A37. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CARO· BOOKSTORE LINA, Vol. I: SOUTH CAROLINA COL· LEGE, 1801-1865. By Daniel Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.95 ). Special $1. A38. Vol. II: COLLEGE TO UNIVER· E41. JULIETIE LOWE: GIRL SCOUT ELL THE STORK IS DEAD. By Charlie SITY, 1865-1956. By Daniel Walker FOUNDER. By Ruby L. Radford. A W. Shedd. A well-known writer, minister Hollis. (Reg. $5.95). Special $1. biography of the Savannah native who be­ and lecturer gives straight answers to hon­ B7. THE NEW SOUTH-GREENVILLE, gan the Girl Scout movement. Element­ est questions on sex. Written for teen­ S.C. By Kenneth and Blanche Marsh. ary. $3.95. agers in a language they can understand (Reg. $9.50). Special $3. and believe. Junior and Senior High. D4. THE CAROLINA-CLEMSON $3.95. GAME: 1896·1966. By Don Barton. JUVENILE BOOKS (Reg. $6.) Special $3. Written and Illustrated by ES4. 838 WAYS TO AMUSE A CHILD . D12. THE SERPENT WAS A SALES· By June Johnson. A goldmine of ideas to MAN. By Zan Heyward. (Reg. $2.50). Eleanor Frances Lattimore keep your child creatively busy, the book Special $1. includes crafts, hobbies, experiments and PP4. BIRD SONG. The poignant story of ways to enjoy nature. All ages. $1. an eight-year-old girl who must leave her *YOU MAY ORDER ANY ITEM THAT beloved South Carolina plantation, Bird HAS BEEN ADVERTISED EARLIER IN Song, for a Northern city. The skilled THE SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE: author gives young readers the true flavor BOOKS ON ANTIQUES of Southern rural life. Elementary. $3.75. EMl. ANTIQUES AT CHARLESTON. 0AZ2 $ 7 .950Ell $ 6.950ES7 $ 3.95 Reprinted from Antiques magazine, 0CA2 $ 4.95 0EK1 $ 4 .950ET1 PP7. BEACHCOMBER BOY. Young April, May, June and November, 1970. $12. 50 boys, a South Carolina beach and a bit of Illustrations and text. Paper. $2.50. 0CN2 $ 3.000EL1 $ 3 .950HH10 $10.00 mystery are the ingredients of this story 0DA5 $ 3.500EM1 $ 2.500PP4 $ 3.75 written in the author's usual pleasing and ESL SOUTHERN ANTIQUES. By Paul 0DA6 $ 3.500EN1 $ 7.950PP7 $ 3.75 realistic style. Elementary. $3.75. H. Burroughs. This pioneer work on early 0D04 $ 2 .750EN2 $10.000PP9 $ 3.75 American furniture and its craftsmen, 0DZ1 $ 1.95 0E01 $ 2.750PP12 PP9. COUSIN MELINDA. A qelicate and long out of print and very much sought $ 3.75 charming story reveals how cousins can after, is reissued in a format as close to 0DZ2 $ 2.950ES1 $ 2.98 become best friends. Elementary. $3.75. the original as possible, yet substantially 0DZ3 $ l.950ES2 $ 5.95

below the premium it brought as a scarce 0E41 $ 3.950ES4 $ 1.00 BONUS BOOKS

PP12. LAURIE AND COMPANY. There collector's item. Regular price $5. Special 0AJ7 S 1.00 0A38 S 1.00 is a haunting quality in the story of price $2.98. os, s 3.00 lonely, imaginative Laurie, who finds Lio• S 3.00 J 1.00 comfort in creating clever stuffed animals ES2. SOUTHERN INTERIORS OF 0012 from leftover scraps from her mother's CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. sewing. Elementary. $3.75. By Samuel and Narcissa Chamberlain. Photographs and descriptions of some of Total for books above $,- ---- Charleston's most outstanding rooms, with particular appeal for decorators, ar­ chitects, antiquarians and collectors. Regular price $15. Special offer $5.95. Total for bonus books $,-----

Grand total $,--- 4% S. C . sales tax for orders to PRINTS residents of S. C . $------Ten prints of "Campus Unrest" by Bettye 25 cents postage and handling for A. Jaffe. Depicts the emotion and turmoil EACH book or print purchased .. $------of college protests. Black and white. En­ tire set $10. Name------

Address:------POTTERY City State-- Zip-- Pottery by V.C. Dibble, Ron Meyers and Jon Formo now available at the Sand­ ( If you do not want to clip this coupon from lapper Bookstore and Gallery. Prices range the magazine, please record the basic informa­ from $2.50 to $30. tion on a separate sheet of paper.)

September 1971 55 Horses, Cats and Dogs Compete for the Time of ARTIST JANE RUARK By Larry Cribb

ou don't have to see Jane School, but all through school Ruark's work to know she is a horses were my first love. I taught Ytalented artist. All you have to riding in schools and at one time do is talk with her about the profes­ had my own riding school. sion she loves so much, and you "I guess you could say though know that anyone who can describe that riding gave me a wonderful so beautifully why and what she opportunity to observe nature first­ paints must have talent. hand, and I believe this has helped On the other hand, when you me in art a great deal." view her paintings you don't have It was three or four years ago to talk with her to know she is in that Mrs. Ruark realized that she love with what she does. Just a didn't have time for both riding and · quick glance at the delicate blend­ art on a professional level, and that ing of colors, the true artistry of one would have to make room for brush stroke and the depth of each the other. "It was really a very dif­ scene and you know this artist has ficult decision to have to make," put something of herself into each she said, "but after a lot of ponder­ work. ing, I decided on art." Mrs. Ruark is a native of Mem­ The success she has achieved in phis, Tennessee, who has called the few intervening years is proof Columbia home for the past 24 that she made the right choice. In years. She has been painting ever February 1969, she received a cash since she can remember (her award and additional purchase mother has saved her artwork since awards at the Gibbes Art Gallery she was two), but for a great part of Exhibit in Charleston, and in Jan­ her life art took second place to uary 1970, she received a purchase horses. a ward in the national Louisiana "I had a wonderful art teacher in Watercolor Society Annual Exhibit. Nevada in the third grade who Her paintings have been accepted really encouraged me," she said, "as in many shows annually, including ' did another wonderful teacher here those of the Guild of South Caro- I ,' in Columbia, Moselle Skinner, while lina Artists, School of Public Health I was attending Dreher High at the University of North Carolina,

56 Sand lap per Savannah Arts Festival, Charlotte watercolors are difficult to handle, Although Mrs. Ruark does some work in Art League, Artists Guild of Colum­ and therefore quite a challenge. The acrylics, her primary medium is water­ bia, and Beaufort Art Association. softness of color that you can get colors. She especially likes earth colors.

She also had a watercolor accepted with this medium is a joy in itself. I -All photos by Larry Cribb for "Seaports 300," an exhibit prefer earth colors." which traveled extensively under Since watercolors are almost im­ the sponsorship of the S.C. State possible to handle on location, Mrs. lina subjects are very popular Ports Authority. Ruark does all her painting in her among buyers in this area," she Mrs. Ruark has received many kitchen at home, using small said. awards at the South Carolina State sketches or photographs of scenes She prefers to do her painting Fair. She has had two one-man she has visited. during daylight hours "because I shows at Flat Rock, North Caro­ "I have to have actually visited a can get just the right colors I want, lina, and has many of her paintings location before I can paint it," she but then I do some work at nights in private collections throughout said. "My husband, daughter and I also. One thing that makes water­ the United States. do quite a bit of traveling on week­ colors difficult is that the paper af­ While Mrs. Ruark does some ends, mostly in North and South fects the colors. Since the paper work in acrylics, her primary Carolina. I also go with him on absorbs a certain amount of the medium is watercolors. some of his fishing trips along the water, you don't always end up "I guess the reasons are many," Saluda River and at Lake Murray. with exactly the same hue you put she said, "but one of the main ones He fishes and I sketch, and we both down to start with," she said. "It is that I like to finish a painting in enjoy ourselves." can be discouraging to get a beauti­ a single sitting of around 2 to Mrs. Ruark includes landscapes ful color on paper, exactly what 2112 hours. I'm not one to let some­ and florals among her favorites, you wanted, and then look at it a thing drag on. I don't have that with occasionally a quite different little while later and find it has much time to devote to art, and I subject such as raccoon tracks. changed. You don't have this prob­ like to complete a work while I'm "I've found that marsh scenes, live lem with oils or acrylics." in that particular mood. I feel oaks and other similar South Caro- When asked about her personal

September 1971 57 Mrs. Ruark includes landscapes, especially marsh scenes, among her favorite subjects. She does most of her painting in the kitchen of her home due to the difficulty of using watercolors on location.

preference in decorating with paint­ in gs, Mrs. Ruark had a quick answer. "I like to have the four seasons inside my home during the course of a year. When the weather changes outside, I change paintings inside. You've no idea how much this can add to the enjoyment of the various seasons." As for enjoying things, the Ruark household believes that time should be filled with activities. Husband Paul is an admissions counselor with Palmer College and is also working on his degree in secondary school administration at the Univer­ sity of South Carolina. The young­ est member of the family also paints and won top honors in the first grade watercolor division at last year's State Fair. In addition to camping, fishing and sketching trips, the family is also occupied with the business­ oriented hobbies of raising pedi­ greed Persian cats and German shepherds. The works of artist Jane Ruark are typical of her outlook and philosophy of life. Those who ap­ preciate fine art are quick to recog­ nize the quality of her offerings . ... Larry Cribb is editor of the St. Andrews News in Columbia.

58 Sand lap per FEATURES THIS MONTH:

THE BACHMAN - AUDUBON ASSOCIATION By Charles E. Thomas

MUNITIONS - MAKING IN CONFEDERATE SOUTH CAROLINA By Annelle M. Burriss "It is impossible to do justice to the gen­ erous feelings of the Charlestonians, or their extreme kindness to me," wrote John James The Audubon, the bird painter, on his first visit to Charleston in 1831. Then on October 23, while still in South Bachman- Carolina, Audubon wrote his wife, Lucy, "I found a man [ the Rev. Samuel Gilman, Uni­ tarian minister and author] of learning and sound heart, willing to lend 'the American Audubon Woodsman' a hand. He walked with me and had already contrived to procure us cheaper lodgings, when lo, he presented me in the street to the Rev. Mr. Bachman!! Mr. Bach­ Association man!! Why my Lucy, Mr. Bachman would have us all stay at his house .... He would not suffer us to proceed farther south for three weeks. He looked as if his heart had been purposely made of the most benevolent By CHARLES E. THOMAS materials granted to man by the Crea- tor ... Could I have refused his kind invita- tion? ... Out shooting every day- skinning, drawing, talking ornithology the whole eve­ ning, noon and morning. This, Dearest Friend, is the situation of Thy Husband in Charleston, Sou th Carolina." Charleston's John Bachman, the talented Lutheran divine, and the exuberant and flam­ boyant John James Audubon were an unusual pair, but Bachman became Audubon's closest friend. Although he served as pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church for 60 years, Bach­ man was a lifetime naturalist. He had known intimately the "father of American orni­ thology," the Scottish-born Alexander Wilson, whose bird paintings are said to have inspired Audubon. Bachman is perhaps the man most responsible for the scientific ac­ curacy of Audubon's work, and is completely credited as collaborator with Audubon on his classic work of American mammalogy, The Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America. Audubon described Bachman as "worth a gold mine to me." "The Imperial Collection

-Photo (right) courtesy White House Historical Association

Left: Bachman 's finch, which was named in honor of the Rev. John Bachman. Oppo­ site: John James Audubon, naturalist and painter, whom Bachman befriended and later collaborated with on natural history texts.

60 Sand lap per t9 ll6 I .1.aqwa1das of Audubon Animals" states: ing was to be the home of the children and grand­ The Rev. John Bachman had a dual role in pro­ children - Bachman s, Audubons, Chisolms and ducing the Quadrupeds. First, he determined the Haskells. Fortunately, the grounds were extensive, validity of the species or "variety" of the mammals. making room for vegetable and flower gardens, yards He wrote all scientific descriptions, compiled the for poultry and ducks, hives for bees, and aviary, and synonymy of species' names, worked out geographic even a salt-water pond, where the naturalist-parson set distributions as far as possible from often scanty traps for minnows and eels to feed his large colony of records, and contributed his personal observations on ducks. There are numerous references in the descrip­ habits of the animals. Secondly, he acted as scientific tive text of The Quadrupeds and in Bachman's letters editor, revising and fitting together the accounts of to his keeping on his premises various animals and habits, hunting anecdotes and other information birds, including an anhinga "who battled with the dogs which he received from the senior Audubon, his son or the cooks for the most comfortable place on the John, and numerous others whose comments were hearth." Occasionally he speaks of allowing a porcu­ solicited or contributed on their own initiative. pine or a raccoon to roam through his garden and even to invade his study. The study where Audubon and Bachman Bachman introduced Audubon to the spent hour upon hour was lined with books leading scientists of the state. During his first and specimens stuffed and bottled. From month's stay in Charleston in the fall of 1831, their desks they could stroll out on a broad Henry Ravenel, the conchologist, entertained piazza that overlooked the large and extensive Audubon at what he called a breakfast-dinner, garden, which Bachman's wizardry at coaxing and took him on an exploratory trip to rare blooms to luxuriance had made a fragrant Sullivans Island. He wrote Lucy that he was sea of poetically named flowers-jessamine, shipping home a box of shells which Dr. roses, cloth-of-gold and countless others. The Ravenel had given him. paneled drawing room's ceiling of stuccoed While in Charleston on this visit, Audubon garlands, its stately mantels, formal mirrors, taught Maria Martin, Mrs. Bachman's sister, to Adam sofa, Dresden figurines, Bohemian draw. She is credited with many of the glass, crystal chandeliers, all reflected the insects, butterflies, flowers and plants in the dignity of the man who was to influence backgrounds of Audubon's paintings. There is Audubon more than any other from the day a wild turkey painting which is credited to of their meeting on the street in Charleston in Maria Martin. It is so much like Audubon's October 1831. initial print of the wild turkey in The Birds Bachman wrote Mrs. Audubon following that there has long been a running argument this first three weeks' visit from her husband that Maria might have painted Audubon's and his assistants, "The last has been one of wild turkey, now the most sought after the happiest months of my life." Audubon Audubon "original" and selling for more than was not only an expert, he "was communica­ the initial volumes of the ornithological prints tive, intelligent and amiable, to an extent demanded when issued. seldom found in the same individual ... we Among South Carolina scientists who were inseparable." Audubon was indeed an assisted Audubon after his first Charleston inspiration to Bachman, whose energy and visit was Prof. Lewis R. Gib bes of the College interest were channeled into effective work in of Charleston. Gibbes supplied Latin nomen­ science. For his part, the minister made a clature for new species of birds and mammals. deep impression on Audubon. The friendship The Birds was printed large (39Y2 inches of their families was cemented for life by the by 261h inches) and sold at $1,000 a set. Fewer marriages of Audubon's two sons to Bach­ than 200 sets were sold, and it was through man's daughters. Bachman's influence that the South Carolina The Bachman home on present Rutledge Legislature purchased for the South Carolina Avenue, now the site of Charleston High College one of the original sets. Only two School, where Audubon spent many months other colleges in America purchased between October 1831 and his fifth and last copies-Columbia and Harvard. Bachman also visit to Charleston in June 183 7, is described secured subscriptions from two other institu­ by Claude Henry Neuffer in the preface to his tions, the Charleston Library Society and the Christopher Happoldt Journal: Charleston Natural History Society. This For over 40 years this spacious, three-story dwell- (Continued on page 72)

62 Sandlapper John Bachman

September 1971 63 Through September 15 10-30 GREENVILLE-SP ART ANBURG Airport­ CHARLESTON-Gibbes Art Gallery- "Three EVENTS Georgia Knight, One-man Show. South Carolina Artists": Ceramics, Sculp­ Through September 20 ture, Drawings, Prints and Paintings by Ken All activities to be considered for CLEMSON-Clemson University-"Concepts May, Rick Chitty and William M. Brown. the Calendar of Events must be sent towards a New Urbanism," Paolo Soleri. 12-0ctober 17 directly to the Events Editor, Sand­ FLORENCE-Florence Museum - Carl Blair and lapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Through September 30 Emery Bopp, Two-man Show. COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Museum 13-0ctober 1 Columbia, South Carolina 29202, Graphics Exhibit. no later than 45 days prior to the GREENWOOD- Lander College-South Caro­ 5-24 lina Association of Schools of Art Student first of the month in which the WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery-Jane Exhibit. activity will occur. Ruark, One-man Show. 24-0ctober 30 5-26 CLEMSON-Clemson University-Ceramics by COLUMBIA-Museum of Art- Three-man Tom Turner. Award Show from Artists Guild of Colum­ 28-0ctober 19 art bia Annual Juried Show: Ron Meyers, Ce­ CLEMSON-Clemson University- "Fantastic ramics; John O'Neil, Ceramics and Paintings; Realism," Contemporary Prints by Fuchs, Boyd Saunders, Graphics. Wunderlich, etc., Organized by Roten Gal­ SEPTEMBER 5-0ctober 8 leries, Baltimore. Through September 6 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art- University of OCTOBER HILTON HEAD- Harbour Town Museum ­ South Carolina/Richland Art School Fae- 4-22 Ford Times Traveling Art Exhibit. ulties Exhibit. DUE WEST- Erskine College - South Carolina Through September 10 Schools of Art Student Exhibition. 6-30 COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ 10 DUE WEST- Erskine College-"Dutch Art To­ South Carolina Association of Schools of WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery day." Art Student Exhibit. Grounds-Raku Demonstration by V.C. Through September 12 7-19 Dibble and Ron Meyers. CHARLESTON-Gibbes Art Gallery-The Mu­ CHARLESTON-Heart of Charleston Motel­ 10-29 seum Purchase Fund Collection (American Greater Charleston Ceramic Hobby Club, WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery-Eliza­ Federation of Arts Traveling Exhibit). First Annual Arts and Crafts Show. beth White, One-man Show.

The Second Opening. Final restoration of Columbia's Arcade Mall will be celebrated with a Grand Opening September 9, 10 and 11. First opened in 1912, the structure was described as " ... a building of artistic design ... will represent the last word in modern engineering practice, as far as safety, utility, convenience, comfort and dependability are concerned. The Arcade will be lighted from the glass roof and will be beautifully furnished:' The nostalgic shopping atmosphere is something South Carolina has been needing. And will have after the second opening. Arcade Mall 1332 Main / Columbia

64 Sand lap per 15-31 LANCASTER-National Guard Armory­ Thirteenth Annual Springs Art Show. Jack dance Rabbit OCTOBER 5 Company ... CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ National Ballet of Washington . A Carolina Institution . TI1US1C We have been processing film since 1920 for people all across the U.S.A. Why not send us your film today for the finest quality prints, mov­ SEPTEMBER ies and slides at the lowest prices. For complete 26 price list and.free mailing ~ COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Phyllis Vogel, J -~ Pianist. envelope, write to: ~~--- ;.~;., ;,j, OCTOBER ~-- \ -~ 4-5 GREENVILLE-Bob Jones University-Jeffry J

theatre ... and frankly, Mr. Whirlendorfer, my study shows we can phase Lance Lavender and his graphics people into marketing and personnel and shave overhead way SEPTEMBER down! We'll just give our design and layout work to SANDLAPPER AUDIO/ 10-11 VISUAL, INC., on a per job basis. They're a full service production studio and CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-The offer a complete range of creative graphic and audio services. They can do our Ladies and Hades, Pilot Club Musical Writ­ ads, brochures, sound-slide shows for the stockholders' meeting, new logo design, ten, Produced and Directed by Traynor the whole bit. They're also very big in audio cassette production and I think we Perillo. ought to send for their brochures. What do you think, Mr. Whirlendorfer? ... Mr. Whirlendorfer? tours

SEPTEMBER 17-19 GEORGETOWN-Tour of Georgetown Homes of Historic and Architectural Interest.

n1isce llaneous

SEPTEMBER

Through October 31 CHARLESTON-Fifth Annual Charleston Tri­ dent Fishing Tournament.

September 1971 65 17-19 GEORGETOWN-Fifth Georgetown County Invitational Golf Tournament. 20-25 ANDERSON-Anderson Fair. GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium- An­ tique Show and Sale. 22 PARRIS ISLAND-Parade Grounds- Annual Marine Corps Autumn Band Concert. 24-26 BRANCHVILLE-Raylrode Daze Festival. ·' \i s ' 24-28 SUMTER-Second Annual Santee-Cooper Archery Tournament and Hunt.

25-26 PICKENS-Boscobel Country Qub-Pickens Jaycee Invitational Golf Tournament.

OCTOBER 2-3 LANCASTER- Andrew Jackson State Park ­ Andrew Jackson Festival. MYRTLE BEACH-Myrtle Beach Trap and This full-color map of North and South Carolina, engraved and published in 1827 by Henry Skeet Oub- Tobacco States Open Skeet Schenck Tanner of Philadelphia, is reproduced full size on heavy stock paper. The background of the Shoot. map is beige; accent colors are rose, olive and gold . Ideal for an informal decor. 4-9 The Tanner map will hold special fascination for those interested in antebellum railroads. Col. James Gadsden, the negotiator of Gadsden's Purchase (from Mexico), outlined on Tanner's map three GREENVILLE- Greenville County American suggested routes for a trans-Appalachian railroad from Charleston to Cincinnati. Legion Fair. Map and descriptive brochure are now only $5.00, plus SOQ.u 26 v-.a .. ,. E'. t\or'th 16-18 WALHALLA-Walhalla Horse Show. COLUMBIA-Dutch Square-Central South OCTOBER Carolina Gem and Mineral Society, Fourth 2 C,tts· bec•ra.i,wre ~•11or1u Annual Exhibit. INMAN- AA Horse Show.

66 Sand lap per Sandlapper Advertisers Sandlapper's subscribers have been a wonderfully loyal group. We try to keep them informed of the things they can do to let us make Sandlapper a bigger and better mag­ azine. PUBLISHER'S The subscription price of Sand­ Zapper does not pay the entire cost of its publication. Advertising is ab­ solutely necessary to pay the dif­ PONDERING ference. We now have published 43 issues of Sandlapper. In those pages have appeared many advertisers of products and services of interest to South Carolinians. We know that our subscribers are interested in Book Publishing and authors' qualifications. Please these products and services and fre­ Next month Sandlapper will have query before sending manuscript. quently use them. Advertisers are completed its first year of book Upon request, we will be happy to interested in knowing if people read publishing. We are pleased with our send a copy of our guide to manu­ and appreciate their ads. It will help first year's efforts and excited script preparation and submission. us to make Sandlapper a better about the prospects for future vol­ We regret that we cannot personally magazine if you, our subscribers, umes. (For a summary of Sand­ interview authors before their will write or tell those advertisers lapper books now in print, and manuscripts have been reviewed whose products or services you use, some outside opinions on their and accepted, but will answer all in­ that you read about them in Sand­ quality, we refer our readers to quiries by letter. lapper. pages 70 and 71.) Our future plans Sandlapper also plans to develop call for an expanded book publish­ in the near future a book design ing operation; announcements of and production service for those A forthcoming volumes will be made who wish to invest in their own periodically, beginning next month. publication. Anyone interested may Book In addition to increasing our vol­ send a card with his name and ad­ ume of production, we intend very dress to: Sandlapper Book Design To shortly to extend the scope of and Production Service, P.O. Box Sandlapper books to include sub­ 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. We Drearn jects of interest to neighboring will contact authors when plans for states, North Carolina and Georgia. this new service are complete. In line with all of this, we are al­ With The new, the rare, the unusual - you'll ways interested in reviewing new Bookstore and Gallery find them all, as well as the finest of manuscripts. We are interested in all We are pleased to announce that the familiar flowers in this handsome and colorful 48-page book. Spring flowering types of non-fiction books about Sandlapper now has a bookstore bulbs from Holland, perennial flower South Carolina, North Carolina, and art gallery in Downtown seed, exotic houseplants are clearly de­ scribed and illustrated along with the Georgia and the South in general Columbia. It is located in the new latest accessories and materials. Park's for both adults and children. For Arcade Mall. We carry a complete FLOWER BOOK will help make your example, we are currently develop­ line of in print South Carolina re­ gardening dreams come true - and ifs ing a series of juvenile biographies lated books. We have almost 500 glleel on great South Carolinians. We do different titles. The new store will : GEO. W. PARK SEED co., INC. : not publish poetry, fiction or fam­ also carry representative paintings 1 248 Cokesbury Rd., Greenwood, S. C. 29646 t I t ily histories as a rule, unless they of over 25 different South Carolina I Please rush, FREE · and postpaid, Park's t have some special significance for a artists. In addition, we have pot­ : new, al l-color, 48-page Fall Bulb Book. general reading audience. Authors tery, prints, maps and records, all I I ...... NAME (Please Print) interested in our book publishing South Carolina related. We plan to 1 program should write to: Book be open from 10 to 6 Monday 'I • • • • • • • ...... ,ST REET OR RR BOX NO. Publishing Division, Sandlapper through Friday. Plans for Saturdays I I • . • , , , , • , • , . . . . . Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Colum­ and Sundays have not been final­ :POST OFFICE bia, S.C. 29202. Letters of inquiry ized yet, but will be announced ,I ...... STATE ZIP should give details of manuscripts later. 1 : ___ ------1

September 1971 67 SPECIAL DUAL EVENT

On the Palmetto State's role of favorite sons and ELIZABETH WHITE daughters, some of the most outstanding names are actually "borrowed" from other states-that is, the individuals were born outside South Carolina. Can you separate the native South Carolinians from the adopted ones on this list?

1. Andrew Pickens 2. Andrew Jackson 3. Francis Marion 4. Henry Timrod 5. Woodrow Wilson 6. Robert Mills 7. Christopher Gadsden 8. Eliza Lucas Pinckney 9. Andrew Johnson 10. Julia Peterkin 11. Thomas G. Clemson 12. Lily Strickland 13. Charles C. Pinckney 14. John Bachman ONE-MAN 15. John C. Calhoun 16. Henrietta Johnston SHOW 17. Benjamin R. Tillman 18. Faye Dunaway October 10-29 19. Thomas Sumter 20. DuBose Heyward October 10, 2 - 6 p.m. 21. Joel R. Poinsett 22. William Gregg Reception in the gallery 23. Henry Woodward honoring Miss White 24. Gwen Bristow 25. William Price Fox paidop'lf ·sz al\!leN ·vz Raku demonstration paidop'lf '£(': on the grounds paidop'lf ·zz by Ron Meyers aA!leN ·re: aAneN ·oz and V .C. Dibble paldOp'lf '6r paidop'lf ·ar aA!leN 'Lr paidop'lf ·gr SANDLAPPER GALLERY aA!leN ·sr paidop'lf ·vr U.S. 378 aAneN ·n W. COLUMBIA, S.C. al\neN ·zr PaldOP'lf 'II P.O. BOX 1668 aA!feN ·or COLUMBIA, S.C. 29202 paidop'lf '6 paldOP'lf ·a aA!leN 'L TELEPHONE al\!leN ·g (803) 796-2686 paidop'lf ·s aA!leN ·t, al\neN '£ aA!feN ·z paldOp'lf ·r =SH3MSN'lf

68 Sand lap per (Continued from page 8) nah River Plant of two reprocessing plants which had been in operation since 19 54, and several others operated by AEC and the experi­ ence of the state of New York and the procedures and regulations of another privately owned reprocess­ ing plant. On pollution, the State Develop­ ment Board now has a full-time, acknowledged expert who reviews the potential for pollution of all S~lsD industries considering locating in South Carolina before the Develop­ ment Board will act favorably on their locating in the state. We also have our own full-time geologists; obviously, the state can­ not afford to duplicate the ex­ PATTE~NS pertise available to the Atomic Energy Commission on meteorol­ FOR NEEDLEWORK ogy, seismology and other matters basic to the safe design and opera­ AND TILEWORK tion of a reprocessing plant, and therefore seeks the advise of ex­ perts on these matters. Radiation control is the responsibility of the State Board of Health, which has full-time, experienced and compe­ tent people in monitoring of nu­ clear plants. We feel that South Carolina, through the Development Board, the State Board of Health, the Pol­ lution Control Authority and all of those federal agencies and private consultants in which we place our trust, has taken the proper stance in A full-color Carolina Gamecock, Citadel Bulldog and soliciting the Allied Gulf Nuclear Clemson Tiger are each reproduced on scaled paper Services' plant, and other high­ (approximately 22" x 27"), and ready for the do-it· quality, high technology industries. yourselfer interested in creating an unusual accent for I assure you that I intend to con­ personal use or for the home. tinue those efforts. Whether it be a pocketbook, chair seat cover, rug, plaque, card table cover, tote bag, wastebasket cover, wall hanging, tile top table, or any one of scores of J. Bonner Manly needlework and tilework applications, these patterns by Director Adalee Winter offer interesting creative possibilities. State Development Board A how-to-do-it instruction booklet illustrated with Columbia, South Carolina profuse drawings that will make even a novice an accom· plished needleworker has also been prepared by Mrs. Winter. Patterns of the Gamecock, Bulldog and Tiger are $2.00 each. The needlework instruction booklet is $1.00 Enclose 25 cents postage and handling charge for each order to be shipped to separate addresses. South Caro· Jina residents please add 4% sales tax. Send orders to Sandlapper Press, Inc., Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202.

September 1971 69 What Reviewers Are

THE PENDLETON LEGACY i'I'" ,1si1ated hstrn y of the dis:rd

THE PENDLETON LEGACY: An Illustrated History of the District / by FROM STOLNOY TO B Beth Ann Klosky, SOUTH CAROLINA: A SPARTANBURG: The F recaptures the flavor of an era and Synoptic History for Two Worlds of a C a place- the northwest corner of L a y m e n / by L e w i s P . Former Russian R South Carolina-for readers of all J o n e s , the popular chairman Princess/ Marie a ages. 120 pages / 92 illustrations Gag a r in e once served in the of Wofford College's history la $12.50. department, was first serialized in court of Empress Alexandria, and C now teaches at Wofford College in Sandlapper (January 1969-September Spartanburg Herald: 2 Spartanburg. This is her story of life 1970) and is now available in a " ... fascinating reading for those 9 in Russia, of her years in exile in softcover, indexed edition. 272 whose roots are in the Piedmont." Europe, and of her adopted land­ pages / 40 photographs and T H The Anderson America and South Carolina. 152 maps / $3.95. " I n d e p e n d e n t : " ... [ the pages / 8 pages of photographs / Spartanburg Herald: lli author] unfolds the exciting and $6.95. " ... brushes away many cherished in extraordinary history of the district, Anderson Daily Mail: myths with humor and gentle satire. w representing the present counties " ... [ saving] her children from their It is a look into the mirror with of Oconee, Pickens, Anderson, and country home in the midst of a strong light and no makeup." Greenville .... [The book] blazing forest fire ... was like GONE Augusta Chronicle: graphically portrays a part of the WITH THE WIND . . .. For a complete A " . . . all the history that any reader northwest corner of South picture of the last reigning days of " except specialized scholars are likely Carolina that became the state's Russian aristocracy, read this book." rr last frontier." to want." tl Augusta Chronicle: Greenville Piedmont: C The Augusta Chronicle: "To read her autobiography is to " ... interesting and informative .... p "Nothing evokes the spirit of a enter a completely different world .. . a balanced picture of our background." p place as do photographs of its a dramatic and suspenseful story." beginnings ... tied together with Charleston Evening s a lovingly told narrative by one who Greenville News: Po s t: " . . . brightly and tightly " genuinely knows it. That is why Mrs. " ... a delightful story . .. written." s Klosky's volume on Pendleton, S.C., heartwarming autobiography." it is outstanding .... " Saying About Our Books

r\TTI,,EGRC)L'~C ()F FREEDO,\\ ~ Also available: SANDLAPPER 1968 / ...... - .. --...... The first three issues of Sandlapper HOME BYTHE are out of print, but are included RIVER in this colorful volume. 784 pages / ~.-...... ff---- ...... 201 color photographs / 598 black "'{ HY J\RCIIIBAI D RlJJlTDGf. and white photographs / 84 maps, '\\I 111.I , \ \\ 111111, ij(' HOME BY THE RIVER / drawings and paintings. $15. IY by Archibald Rutledge, BATTLEGROUND OF is a long-established prose favorite Forthcoming this fall: FREEDOM: South among the works of South Carolina's Carolina in the Poet Laureate and much honored THE SOUTH CAROLINA R e v o 1 u t i o n / by N a t writer. By popular demand Sandlapper I DISPENSARY : A Bott 1 e a n d S a m H i l b o r n , is a Press has reprinted this book, which Collector's Atlas and lavishly illustrated history of South has sold over 28,000 copies and is History of the System/ Carolina's role in the Revolution. still going! 196 pages / 28 pages by P. Kenneth Huggins/ 256 pages / over 200 illustrations, of photographs / $10. See inside back cover for complete 92 in full color / $20. details. Book of the Month The North Carolina C l u b N e w s : " ... vivid Historical Review: Available for Christmas: portrayal of the magnificent and " ... [ the Hilborns are] accurate melancholy country which surrounds in their facts and judicious in their THE SECRET OF his home." interpretations. Moreover, they write T E L F A I R I N N / by with considerable charm, and they Boston Traveler: I d e l l a B o d i e . A tale of have a careful eye for the colorful " ... superb chapters on the birds, mystery and suspense set in Aiken, details." the rodents, the reptiles, the Complete details in the October amphibians and game and wildfowl issue of Sandlapper. Augusta Chronicle: with which his 2,000 acres abound .. " ... will undoubtedly become the one of the most astute commentaries Sandlapper Press books available most widely read popular history of this writer has ever read on the at bookstores throughout the state. the American Revolution in South relationship of the landholder white To order by mail, write Sandlapper Carolina .... amazingly complete to his sharecropper plantation Press, Inc., P. 0. Box 1668, pictorial resources on almost every Negroes." Columbia, S.C. 29202. (Please p_age .. .. " New York World- include 4% sales tax for books to South Carolina addresses.) Spartanburg Herald: Telegram: " ... a "Exciting reading ... a must for any delightful chronicle ... . For the pleasure that Mr. Rutledge has South Carolinian .... once opened, 71 it is a hard book to put down." given, I, for one, am grateful. ... " Audubon (Continued from page 62) "winter of keen research, aided by my friend Bachman," Audubon wrote in his Journal, latter set is now owned by the Charleston the family left Charleston in March and re­ Museum. According to a story in the News turned to England to tend to matters of and Courier, Oct. 11, 1964, a third set is publication and subscription. privately owned in Charleston. In the five-volume Ornithological Biog­ In March 1832, on his return from the raphy, published between 1831 and 1839 as winter in Florida and before following the the text for his great folio The Birds of birds back up the Atlantic seaboard, Audubon America, there are 134 references to Bach­ traveled again to Charleston for a three-month man's aid and observations. Bachman, in visit with the Bachmans. En route to Charles­ addition to serving as pastor of St. John's ton in October 1833, Audubon stopped in Lutheran Church, was instrumental in the Columbia where he was the house guest of Dr. founding of Newberry College and the Robert Wilson Gibbes, scientist and historian. Lutheran Theological Seminary. He was a In his Journal, Audubon refers to Gibbes as trustee of the College of Charleston and also "a man of taste and talent who assisted me taught on its faculty for a time. He was active greatly." It was during this visit at Gibbes' in numerous scientific, cultural and philan­ home that Audubon met the South Carolina thropic societies. He refused the presidency of College president Thomas Cooper, "who the South Carolina College at a salary in assured me he had seen a rattlesnake climbing excess of his St. John's Church income. Yet a five-rail fence on his land." (Criticism had this busy and talented man found time to been directed against the authenticity of an work closely with the Audubons on scientific Audubon painting that showed a rattlesnake projects, and to exchange an immense amount climbing a tree to invade a nest of mocking­ of correspondence. birds.) In November 1836, Audubon and son John Audubon's wife and their son John Wood­ came to Charleston for the fourth time to house accompanied the 49-year-old painter to spend the winter with the Bachmans. In the the hospitable Bachman home in 1833. This spring of 1837 Audubon went to Louisiana was Audubon's third visit to Charleston. For and Texas, returning in June when John and the second volume of his Ornithological Maria Rebecca Bachman were married. Two Biography, he hunted with Bachman, years later, the senior Audubon made his fifth painted with Maria Martin and wrote bird and last visit to Charleston, when his son biographies with Bachman's aid. Victor married Bachman's daughter Mary Audubon here first discovered the king rail Eliza. (The two Bachman sisters, however, and rough-winged swallow which had never died of tuberculosis soon after their mar­ before been described. Bachman is credited riages-Maria Rebecca in 1840 at the age of with discovering four birds in the Carolina 23, and Mary Eliza in 1841 at the age of 22.) coastal area: Bachman's warbler and Bach­ With the 435 paintings for The Birds of man's sparrow, named by Audubon in honor America completed, and the companion five­ of his friend of more than 20 years, and volume text, Ornithological Biographies, Macgillivray's seaside sparrow and Swainson's Audubon was eager to paint the mammals. warbler. The two naturalist friends had agreed to It is believed that Audubon painted the collaborate on The Viviparous Quadrupeds popular long-billed curlew in 1834, using as a of North America. background the Charleston skyline from Bachman wrote Audubon, "Are you not Sullivans Island. George Lehman, the Swiss too fast? The animals have never been care­ landscape artist, is generally credited with fully described, and you will find difficulties drawing the miniature panorama of the port at every step." He added somewhat ironically, city for that painting, and also the Low­ "I think that I have studied the subject more Country plantation homes which serve as than you have . . . . Say in what manner I can background for the drawings of the snowy assist you." The large folio of illustrations for egret and Wilson's snipe, among the few bird the work, painted by Audubon and son John, prints in which buildings appear. After a began to appear in parts between 1842 and

72 Sandlapper St. John's Lutheran Church, where John Bachman preached from 1815 to 18 74. Bachman reserved the north balcony of the church for a congregation of Negroes. Cannon fire in 1864 damaged the building, which nevertheless remained open, except for a few months in 1865.

-Photo by Edwin Stone

1846. The three volumes of the text, written by Bachman, an eminent mammalogist, were issued between 1846 and 1854. In 1845, and again in 1848, Bachman visited the Audubons at their New York home on the Hudson River. Work on the Quad­ rupeds was progressing, but the Charleston minister on the latter visit, his last with John James Audubon, noted that a "noble mind is all in ruins." Three years later Audubon died. Under Bachman's guidance, John and Victor Audubon continued to work on the Quad­ rupeds until the last volume was completed in I 852. It was a classic and monumental example of natural history. A smaller edition of the work, combining the plates and text as Audubon had done with his birds, was soon published. With Bachman's help, Victor, the business member of the family, secured 250 subscribers in a few days in the Charleston area alone. The Civil War was a hard blow to the eld­ erly Bachman, who had made the opening prayer at the signing of the Ordinance of Secession. His wife (Maria Martin, whom he married in 1848 after the death of his first wife), his children and grandchildren moved to Columbia for safety, but he remained in Charleston to serve the church, his first obligation and duty. Bachman did, however, travel widely throughout the state in the interest of military hospitals. He finally left Charleston when the last passenger train in February 1865 took residents out of the city as it was being evacuated. He spent that harrowing spring with friends near Cheraw. In June 1865, he returned to reopen St. John's, the first congregation to resume services after the evacuation of Charleston. Bachman died Feb. 24, 1874, and the bells of St. Michael's Episcopal Church tolled in memory of a distinguished minister and gifted natural scientist.

September 1971 73 In Confederate

he Civil War was in the offing before liberal contracts to companies. In January it dawned on a few that the South 1862, the governor was authorized to make T was militarily weak. On Nov. 27, contracts for manufacturing arms in the state 1860, Gov. William H. Gist told the South and to advance a given amount to aid con­ Carolina Legislature that separating the South tractors, to be repaid in arms. from the North would leave the former al­ The State Military Works was established at most "without the facilities of manufacturing Greenville because an armory had been there arms, for the want of Armories." A bill had during the War of 1812, and because Spartan­ already been introduced in the South Carolina burg iron was near. Twenty acres of land for Legislature for establishing an armory for the this project was donated to the state by whole South in Georgia, Alabama or South Vardry McBee. It was a good location because Carolina, but it had not received much atten­ it was on the railroad and near Greenville. tion. So, at the beginning of the next regular When an attack on Charleston seemed inevi­ session in 1861, Gov. Francis W. Pickens table, all of the machinery that could be used stressed the importance of manufacturing for the proposed State Military Works was powder, small arms and cannons in the state, bought by General Superintendent David and he pointed out the great possibilities for Lopez. When the enemy took possession of such. At the time, the state's only powder Nashville, Tennessee, Lopez succeeded in get­ mills were in Pickens District, which had two, ting the machinery of the armory there re­ but they worked only on a small scale, "for moved to Greenville. Meanwhile, temporary want of material, and perhaps encourage­ workshops for repairing arms were put up on ment." Iron, which "from its adhesive qual­ the State House grounds. A great deal of ities, was so suitable for large cannon," ex­ constructive work, besides simple repair, was isted in York and Spartanburg districts. done here. Old flintlocks and steel locks were Gov. Pickens requested the state govern­ changed to percussion; bayonets were altered; ment to promote these works by offering and a "large number of pikes" were made.

74 Sand lapper MUNITIONS­ MAKING South Carolina

By ANNELLE MORTON BURRISS

The idea was to establish an armory "upon Arrangements were to be made for the com­ a scale commensurate with State means, and pletion of munitions already started, and for which may be increased if necessity should paying Tennessee for machinery gotten from require it." Work really began on the armory that state. The auction sale of "all the Lands, in October 1862. From Dec. 19, 1862, to Buildings, Machinery, Tools, Materials and Nov. 12, 1863, the state spent $122,961.62 other Property" took place Nov. 15, 1864. on the State Military Works. The first work The outbreak of war found the state with done was the manufacture of pikes, not an inadequate supply of gunpowder and no because they were the best thing but because way of obtaining it from outside the Confed­ they could be made more rapidly. By Oct. I, eracy. Actually, it was saltpeter-which con­ 1863, the output included 1,000 pikes, 131 Y2 stituted 75 per cent of gunpowder-that was pounds of railroad spikes, 750 feet of rail­ so scarce. There were no saltpeter caves in road, 4Yz tons of gunboat spikes, 10 ammuni­ South Carolina and those in other parts of the tion chests, 16 field gun carriage wheels and Confederacy could not meet demands. So 20 other types of munitions. Apparently they South Carolina had to make its own saltpeter. had not started the order made by a joint This work was put under the direction of resolution in December 1862 for the manu­ the chief of the military department. On facture of 1,000 of Morse's breechloading March 28, 1862, Dr. W. Hutson Ford was ap­ carbine. Although the amount of material pointed superintendent of the plantation. On turned out was enormous, profit to the state the old Winnsboro road, where part of the was less than one might suppose, due to initial state hospital is now, the state leased five expenses and the rising cost of materials. acres of land and the necessary buildings. The There was no "pecuniary remuneration" nitrification took place within 8 to 12 months until the latter part of 1863, so the legisla­ after the beds were made. The soil from ture, by joint resolution, authorized the beneath buildings and the "refuse of the town governor to sell the State Military Works. were taken out there and the saltpeter ex-

September 1971 75 tracted. Three hundred and sixty-five beds Powder Mill, located near Pickens County were made at first. By November 1863, the Courthouse, early in the war was making two plantation had cost $62,052.45 and after that grades each of blasting powder, mining the property was increased considerably. It powder and rifle powder. Some gunpowder was estimated at the time that these beds al­ was made in Columbia. ready laid would yield, when matured, 500 During the second half of the war, a sword pounds per day. Niter at the time sold for factory was established in Columbia by Kraft, $1.25 per pound. This meant that the products Goldsmith and Kraft. "Here are gathered old of the plantation "would return to the State bits of iron and forged into weapons; steel in one year over $200,000." bars are transmogrified into glittering By joint resolution, authority was granted blades.... " The company made a "magnifi­ to the governor to make either temporary or cent sword" for President Davis. It also permanent arrangement with the Confederate turned out brass commodities like spurs, bits, government in relation to the saltpeter planta­ buckles, ornaments, sword guards and bugles. tion in Columbia. The report of the Ways and The manufacture of bombshell, cannon Means Committee of 1864 recounts "the sale balls and "Minie balls" became quite com­ of the Confederate Government of the Nitre mon. Just a few weeks after the outbreak of plantation near Columbia." It was run until war the manufacture of percussion caps was all the government works in Columbia were introduced into the state. They were claimed destroyed by Sherman's army. to be just as good as those used by the Union. Citizens were encouraged to make saltpeter To manufacture them in large quantities, at home. The simple method was made suitable machinery was made. From the start known through the newspapers, but there is this product was sufficient in most cases to no record of great amounts of homemade supply the state. saltpeter being produced this way. South Carolina promoted invention of There were already two powder mills- both implements of warfare by appropriating in Pickens District- operating in the state money for testing them. A good example is when the war started. The South Carolina the money paid Asa George for testing his revolving cannon. The auditor's report of 1863 shows that during the 11 preceding months George was paid $7,142.85 for the Pistol modified by the Palmetto Armory. revolving cannon he had built under govern­ ( Relic owned by Mrs. Benjamin F. Paxton Sr.) ment contract. Several revolving cannons were made by the Palmetto Iron Works of Columbia but were not adopted by the government. In the beginning of the war, rifled cannon and cannonballs were made by Cameron & Co. of Charleston. The "rifle lance" was invented by Joseph Newman of Columbia, but there is no record that it was ever used by the army. It was "a lance, a double-shooting gun and a dart. . . . The weapon is fired from both ends-from one a Minie ball is discharged, and from the other buck-shot. ... " To further the manufacture of munitions, Cameron Lead Mines of Spartanburg was turned over to the state "without charge, until the expense incurred shall be paid." The mine proved a liability to the state, and in 1863 Gov. Milledge L. Bonham was authorized to transfer control of the mine to the Confederate government, if it were

76 Sand lap per Gov. Francis W. Pickens wanted the state to promote the manufacture of weapons. One factory in this business was the Palmetto Armory in Columbia. The armory was opened in 1850 for the purpose of changing flintlock muskets of the South Carolina militia to percussion cap muskets. wanted. If not wanted, it was not to be worked any more by the state. During the war, government and industry worked together closely in order to meet the needs of the state militia and the Confederate army. When the war ended and the armies were dispersed, the remaining plants involved in the manufacture of munitions were either closed or reconverted to the manufacture of peace-time products.

Annelle M. Burriss, of Columbia, is the author of The Life and Growth of Georgia Before the Revolution and Manufacturing in South Caro­ line During the Civil War.

September 1971 77 race Chapel, at Rockville, Wad­ then move to the summer home in malaw Island, was built in the hot weather to avoid the alleg­ G1840, but nobody seems to edly fever-ridden, swampy areas. know when the great cast-iron bell This is probably the reason Rock­ in the churchyard was installed. It ville got its start, as the oldest of is conceivable that the bell is as old the residences border the wide ex­ as the church, because the island's panse of Bohicket Creek. oldest residents say it has been The need to travel to and from there as long as they can recall. the plantation in the summer Diocese records make no reference months to feed livestock and tend to the bell. to the crops raised the distinct pos­ The church is the chapel of ease sibility of trouble's striking in the of St. John's Episcopal Church on men's absence; and yet nobody can Johns Island, and until recently recall a house's catching fire or a services alternated between the storm's striking when the men were Rockville church and the one at away. This is particularly significant Johns Island. When a new church because the farms were as many as was built on Johns Island about 15 5 to 10 miles away, with no paved years ago, attendance began to fall roads and no automobiles until sharply at the Rockville chapel, later years. and today services there have all About 20 years ago, on a sultry but stopped. evening in late summer just after The words "C.S. Bell Co." and sundown, the bell tolled, vibrating "Hillsboro" are cast in the bell; through the village, and all activity then there is a space, followed by came to an abrupt halt. what at first appears to be a C. A man stopped chopping fire­ Closer examination shows that the wood, his axe poised in midair; C could be an eroded 0, and a C.S. another's fork halted abruptly, half­ Bell Co. was located in Hillsboro, way to his mouth; a young man in­ Ohio. Unfortunately, however, they terrupted his preparations for a do not have any records old enough fish-spearing expedition and stood to identify this particular casting, listening. Then the call came from or to indicate to whom it might the end of the village down by the By Les Dane have been sold. church. "F-i-i-r-r-e! On the front! Oddly enough, the bell's original F-i-i-r-r-e! H-e-1-1-p ! Fire!" against flying sparks-set their ex­ secondary function might very well The fires started when a water tinguishers down; women breathed be more important to the villagers heater exploded on the second floor, sighs of relief as they saw the two today than its original primary role and dense smoke interspersed with men stagger out onto the porch, of calling residents to worship in bright sparks was billowing from a coughing and retching. The sense of the tiny frame chapel. For many blown-out window at the side of cooperation and willingness to help years it has heralded the coming of the house when the firefighters ar­ was evident in the crowd of more storms and tolled the alarm during rived. than 100 persons, black and white, earthquakes and fires-the country Two men wet themselves down young and old, who had gathered. dwellers' most feared enemy. But with garden hoses hastily rigged An old Negro woman, a pipe the real significance of the bell's from the houses next door, tied wobbling in toothless gums, a red secondary function is that it has damp handkerchiefs over their bandanna tied over her grey curly never rung to warn the villagers of faces, and went in, dragging the hair, summed up in a few words the impending trouble while the men hoses up a stairway. A few minutes feeling of the villagers: "Cyan' have been away at their farms. later one of them appeared at the nutt'n too bad happen in Rock' Years ago, the planters sought window, waved and disappeared w'en de 'la'm bell set een God' locations on bold saltwater streams again, signaling to those outside front ya'd." for their summer residences. The that the danger was over. Men sta­ families would spend the winter tioned at each side of the house Les Dane is a free-lance writer from and spring on the plantation, and with fire extinguishers-to guard Wadmalaw Island.

78 Sandlapper (Continued from page 51) working in this area, but they do of getting to the grocery store or to not reach everyone. Many churches the doctor is a problem for many of have senior citizens' clubs, and our elderly. One of the 22 projects more should promote such activ­ of the council is to provide free ities. Older persons are usually transportation services for older eager to volunteer their time for people in rural Aiken and Edgefield worthwhile activities such as church INTERESTING, counties. The council has also spon­ work or youth work. Many persons sored defensive driving courses for who have retired can yet offer UNUSUAL ITEMS those who still operate their cars. much to their communities, and and SERVICES Local communities can do much in more programs whereby the elderly this area by providing reduced or can contribute their time and free bus rates or reduced taxi fares knowledge are needed. during non-rush hours. All citizens of South Carolina­ Health-Medicare has been a big the young, the middle-aged and the help to the elderly, but the high elderly-can take pride in the work cost of drugs and health care con­ being accomplished by the South tinues to be one of the major prob­ Carolina Interagency Council on x:::x ><=< ><=< = = AN T I Q U ES = = = = = lems. The council already has ob­ Aging. tained passage of a law exempting As each of us moves toward or O'NEIL'S ANTIQUE SHOP, 355 w. Palmetto the elderly from paying sales tax on reaches the age of retirement, he St., Florence, S.C. Large selection of antique furniture and accessories. Complete line of Wil­ drugs and medicines. The cost of can take heart in the fact that liamsburg brass-lighting fixtures-antique lamp nursing home care and the lack of someone cares. Someone does take restoration-lamp shades-prints and frames. an adequate number of nursing action, and with our cooperation, homes is currently being studied. understanding and help, the golden Activities-Filling leisure time in years can be just that for each of us. ATTEND "The Decorative Arts and Architect­ ure Symposium" at the Columbia Museum of a meaningful way is most important Art October 19th, 20th, 21st, 1971. Lecturers: to the elderly. Senior citizens' Larry Cribb is editor of Columbia's Mr. Joseph Kindig Ill "American Antique Fur­ centers throughout the state are St. Andrews News. niture," Mr. Joseph V. McMullan "Islamic Carpets," Hon. Desmond Guinness ,.Georgian Architecture of Ireland," and Augusta R. Walsh "French Impressionist Painting." Tickets may Council Executive Director Harry Bryan (left) and Field Representative Arliss Epps be purchased at the Museum or from Palmetto prepare a map of South Carolina showing the 13 local senior citizens' organizations. Interiors, 100 Gervais St., Columbia, S.C. 29201.

HENRY LAURENS ANTIQUES. Oriental Rugs. Open daily 8:30-5:30, Saturday 8:30-1:00. 213 West Main, Laurens, s.c. 29360. Phone 984-5951.

YANCEY COUNTY COUNTRY STORE,Burns­ ville, N.C.-on l 9E N.E. of Asheville. 14 rooms "JAM PACKED" with everything, NEW and OLD-even our own GROUND TO ORDER­ nothing added-PEANUT BUTTER. Send 259' for UNIQUE CATALOG, Box 85, 28714.

NOTTINGHAM ANTIQUES. 166 Alabama St., Spartanburg, S.C. 29302. Dealer to the discrim­ inating. 18th and 19th century furniture. Deco­ rative accessories.

><=< ><=< ><=< ><=< ><=<" BOO KS • ><=< ><=< ><=< ><=< ><=<

GITTMAN'S ON DEVINE, 2019 Devine St., Columbia, S.C. 29205. Phone 254-5505. Re­ tailers of new books, prints, fine bindings. Specializing in South Caroliniana and the Con­ federacy. Mail orders welcomed.

September 1971 79 300 YEARS OF CAROLINA COOKING. 650 GENUINE CONFEDERATE NOTES. $50.00 >CX>C:>< MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS )C>OC:>< treasured recipes, including game preparation. Jefferson Davis-$3.95. $100.00 Lucy Pick­ Hand some antiqued hardback volume with en s- $4.95. Wanted to buy any old paper HOLTON TROMBONE, 4 years old. Used very gold-embossed tricentennial seal. $4.50, plus money, bonds, etc. Criswell 's, Citra, Florida little. Excellent condition, $125. Write: Trom­ $.18 tax (S.C. residents only), plus $.50 postage 32627. bone, Route 1, Box 26, Lexington, S.C. 29072.

per book. Junior League of Greenville, Inc., OLD COTTAGE AND MANTEL CLOCKS for >C><>C><>c:><>c:> N EE D LE WO R K =<>C><>C><>C>< Box 8703, Greenville, s.c. 29604_ sale. Write Clocks, Box 359-B, Route 1, Lex­ ington, s.c. WILDFLOWER NEEDLEl/yORK PATTERN. 12" x 18" pattern depicting 25 S.C. wild­ JOY COMETH IN THE MORNING, by Mary flowers. Pictured in June 1968 Sandlapper. Cullum Pruitt. Genealogy; Memorabilia. Send $2.08 plus 25,;t postage and handling to: = = = = >< G E N EA LOG Y "'= = = = $10.00. Bailey Court 4Al, Anderson, S.C. Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Colum­ 29621. bia, S.C. 29202. "KITH & KIN" genealogical bulletin published = == COATS OF ARMS === quarterly, $3.00 yr., queries 10c word. P.O. AUTHENTIC NEEDLEPOINT KITS printed on Box 10222, Greenville, S.C. 29603. canvas. Carolina Gamecock, Citadel Bull Dog, Clemson Tiger. Kits with charts for other col­ HAND PAINTED, RESEARCHED embroidery leges. Wildflower Afghans as featured on the designs-crewel arms-crested monograms­ JEWELRY =<>C><>C><>C>< cover of Woman's Day Magazine. Imported kneeling bench-Victorian velvet frames-anti­ yarns, materials, crewel, and needlepoint. As­ macassars. Heritage Arts, Box 468, Edgefield, sorted pocketbook kits. Folline's Knit and 29824. s.c. AN UNUSUAL GI FT-Birthdays-Bridesmaids­ Bridge Studio, 2926 Devine St., Columbia, S.C. Special Occasions-14 karat gold add-a-bead 29205. Phone 253-9748. ==== CO LL ECTOR S ==== necklace 14 karat gold chain with three gold beads ... $15.00. Add beads for other oc­ casions-two (2) for $4. 75. Prices include post­ Copy for "Interesting, Unusual Items and Serv­ WANTED: DISC OR TAPE RECORDINGS of age. s.c. residents add 4% tax. M. Brockman, ices" must be received in our office by the fifth day of the month preceding the first day of the prominent South Carolinians of yesteryear. Jeweler, Fine Jeweler since 1951, Oconee month in which the advertisement is to appear. Contact Sandlapper Audio/Visual, P.O. Box Square, Seneca, S.C. 29678. Rates, payable in advance, are: a sinQf6,,1 in­ 1668, Columbia, s.c_ 29202. sertion-709' a word; three consecutive in· sertions---601/ a word; six consecutive inser­ )C>(>C>()C><)CM I SC E L LANE OU S ><>C><>C><>C>< tions-55',1 a word; 12 consecutive insertions- BOTTLE COLLECTOR interested in all 50'1 a word. Minimum insertion 15 words. Re­ bottles, especially unusual sizes, shapes and PERSONALITY PURSES painted to your indi- quest an advertising form from: Sandlappe, forms. Contact Mrs. John P. Lindler, Rt. 2, Box vi dual taste. Kay Gilbert, 911 Rolling Wood Press, Inc., Interesting, Unusual Items and Serv­ ices, P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. 17, Chapin, s.c. 29036. Trail, Columbia, 29210. Evenings 772-7146.

RESIDENTIAL

The readers of Sandlapper are discriminat­ SALES AND RENTALS ing persons interested in unusual products and services. COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Sandlapper caters to this select audience in its classified advertising section captioned "Interesting, Unusual Items and Services." Member of If your business will appeal to the quality Multiple audience which our readers constitute, we invite you to consider an advertisement in Li sting the media which will provide optimum ex­ Service posure for your product. 1400 Laurens Road For further details on Interesting, Unusual Items and Services, write to: Sandlapper Box 8244 - Station A Press, Inc., Box 1668, Columbia, S. C. 29202. Phone 803 - 239-1346 Greenville, South Carolina 29607

80 San/dapper ANNOUNCING: THE SOUTH CAROLINA DISPENSARY A BOTTLE COLLECTOR'S ATLAS AND HISTORY OF THE SYSTEM By P. Kenneth Huggins THE ATLAS A collector's Bible of dispensary information, complete and Profusely illustrated and informative, includes: authoritative, written by a leading dispensary bottle • A thoroughgoing discussion of collector. An indispensihle, dispensary bottle characteristics: collector. An indispensable, shapes and sizes, color, embossing, labels and rarity, with illustrations. practical aid for dispensary bottle enthusiasts, with an • Individual descriptions of all known entertaining and informative dispensary bottles and jugs. account of the origin of • Individual drawings and photographs these now-rare containers. for each bottle discussed. A new dimension in • A glossary of dispensary bottle terms. Caroliniana, for bottle • A proposed numbering system and huffs, history huffs, collectors rarity scale, to facilitate communication of every description. between collectors. $12.50

THE HISTORY A revised edition of Ben Tillman's Baby, long established as the classic work on the South Carolina dispensary system and a collector's item in its own right, chronicles a flamboyant era: • Pitchfork Ben's rise to power • The dispensary in action • The Darlington riot • Corruption, exposure, repeal • Dispensary claims and realities

SPECIAL PREPUBLICATION OFFER: FREE-with each copy of THE SOUTH CAROLINA DISPENSARY ordered prior to November 15, 1971-one copy of DISPENSARY BOTTLE PRIC­ ING, a new and comprehensive manual listing current price ranges and rarity for all known dispensary bottles. A must for the serious collector! r------1 I I Please send me _ copies each of THE SOUTH CAROLINA DIS­ PENSARY and DISPENSARY BOTTLE PRICING. I I enclose S_, including 504 mailing charge for each copy of THE I SOUTH CAROLINA DISPENSARY (Add 4o/o sales tax for orders I to S.C. addresses). I Name I Address ______I City State zip _____

I Mail orders to: Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. I I ·01av~ A'1a Add'1H HJ.IM '13~'1 3111/\N33~D 3HJ. S3/\~3S J8.:IM 'Ava A~3/\3 --A'1a .11'1