DOCSLIB.ORG

Compatibility Determination - Berry Picking on Felsenthal NWR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Compatibility Determination - Berry Picking on Felsenthal NWR Compatibility Determination - Berry Picking on Felsenthal NWR USE: Berry Picking REFUGE NAME: Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) DATE ESTABLISHED: 1975 ESTABLISHING AND ACQUISITION AUTHORITY: • 16 U.S.C. 664 (Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act) • 16 U.S.C. 460k-1 (Refuge Recreation Act) • 16 U.S.C. 460k-2 (Refuge Recreation Act (16 U.S.C. 460k-460k-4), as amended) REFUGE PURPOSES: • "shall be administered by him [Secretary of the Interior] directly or in accordance with cooperative agreements ... and in accordance with such rules and regulations for the conservation, maintenance, and management of wildlife, resources thereof, and its habitat thereon" 16 U.S.C. 664 (Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act). • "the Secretary ... may accept and use ... real ... property. Such acceptance may be accomplished under the terms and conditions of restrictive covenants imposed by donors" 16 U.S.C. 460k-2 (Refuge Recreation Act (16 U.S.C. 460k-460k-4), as amended). • "suitable for (1) incidental fish and wildlife-oriented recreational development, (2) the protection of natural resources, (3) the conservation of endangered species or threatened species" 16 U.S.C. 460k-1 (Refuge Recreation Act). NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM MISSION: The mission of the Refuge System, as defined by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, is: ... to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management, and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans. 1 DESCRIPTION OF USE: (a) What is the use? Is the use a priority public use? Berry picking is an existing use. It is a non-priority public use that is utilized by the general public. Traditionally, local residents visited the refuge in small numbers to collect mayhaw and blackberry fruits for personal consumption. This use has little benefit to the refuge but does function to increase wildlife observation and support of the refuge. The traditional collection (picking) of native mayhaw (Crataegus aestivalis) (Walter) fruit and other berries (almost exclusively blackberries) for personal use on the refuge is permitted without a special use permit. A commonly occurring shrub or small tree within floodplain hardwood communities of the Deep South, mayhaw fruit ripens in April – May and has been used for decades to make jelly. This practice has decreased dramatically over the last 20 + years as life style changes rendered this activity to a novelty. Generally, no more than 25 individuals actually make an effort to gather mayhaws annually and usually less than 5 -10 people use the refuge for this purpose on any given day. Actual collection of mayhaws is time consuming and quite difficult, further complicated by the fact that the refuge is usually flooded through early summer each year. The actual quantity of fruit removed and disturbance levels are therefore quite small. Blackberries and other like fruits are equally available on private lands and therefore the public is less likely to utilize the refuge for these types of collections. (b) Where would the use be conducted? The picking of mayhaw and blackberries would occur on any area of the refuge that is open to the public where mayhaws and blackberry vegetation exists. Mayhaws are found in bottomland forest habitat and blackberries can be found on both upland and lowland elevations. Access to berry picking areas is not likely to impact additional habitat since vehicle travel is limited to existing roads, ATV trails, hiking trails, and waterways. Red-cockaded woodpecker (endangered species) colonies are present in areas where blackberries are found but this collection activity occurs at such low levels that there is little chance of significant disturbance. (c) When would the use be conducted? Time periods for this use will be subject to the availability of ripe mayhaws and blackberries. Generally, mayhaws are ripe in April to May and blackberries are ripe in June to July. However, fruits could be delayed with persistent river flooding. (d) How would the use be conducted? Berry picking is accomplished by hand at any location on the refuge that is open to the public. Some areas of the refuge may be closed seasonally or restricted to other recreational uses. Vehicle access to berry picking locations is by auto, ATV, or boat. Autos and ATV’s are restricted to designated roads and ATV trails open to motorized use. Boats are largely unrestricted during the berry collection season. Approximately 53 miles of ATV trails and 2 nearly 14 miles of trails are open year-round on the refuge. These trails are marked with signs and paint and are identified on maps in refuge publications. (e) Why is this use being proposed? This use was identified as a public concern when the refuge was being established. Local residents identified this use as important and traditional activity. The Service agreed to meet this request though the use may have to be regulated. With the CCP process in 2010, the refuge included appropriate use and compatibility determinations facilitating the approval of berry picking for personal use. Berry picking is currently being allowed as a traditional use by the public. Generally, the use is important to a very small number of local citizens who may not otherwise have access to mayhaws or blackberries. (f) Why is the use being reevaluated? The mandatory 10-year Re-evaluation date is September 21, 2020. The collection of mayhaw fruit and other berries is a longstanding tradition within the Felsenthal Basin. Commitments were made during public meetings associated with the establishment of the refuge in the 1970’s that such uses would be allowed even though they may be regulated. With the development of the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) in 2010 with associated compatibility determinations (CD) for berry picking, this use continues. The environmental conditions have likely changed since the establishment of the refuge. The timing and severity of flooding of bottomland hardwoods (Quachita River Basin) has been magnified over the last several years. Flooding of bottomland hardwoods (location of mayhaw) has occurred earlier in the season and has persisted beyond normal time periods. Equally significant, higher than normal flood elevations have been persistent. AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES Existing refuge resources are available to administer this use. This use is on-going but has occurred at such a low level e.g., estimated annual visits 25 per year, that it has not required staff to expend additional time or resources specific to the use. Staff time to review, manage, and monitor the use occur when the use is required to be reevaluated or when impacts warrant further evaluation. Up until now, no issues have been identified that require a non-routine reevaluation. Monitoring of the use is carried out by refuge staff and refuge law enforcement that is associated with routine duties. There are no special equipment, facilities, or improvements necessary to support the use. Maintenance costs for signage and road/trail maintenance are not increased with this use as the same maintenance is required for other existing (approved) recreational uses. The administration and maintenance related to this use will not materially interfere with or detract from fulfillment of the refuge purpose(s) and the NWRS mission. 3 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE USE: This is a reevaluation of an existing use. The use was evaluated during the CCP process in 2010 with appropriate use and compatibility determination documents completed and reviewed by the refuge and regional office (FWS). During the development of this initial CD for berry picking, public review of the use occurred prior to the approval of the CCP and Environmental Assessment (EA) under the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). A Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) was issued September 21, 2010. Thus, the use of berry picking was fully described and evaluated in 2010 with the completion of the CCP and EA. This same use occurs at the present time though the number of visits is thought to be less than initially described (best professional judgement). Collection of fruits and berries for personal use will have no measurable impact on wildlife and habitat. In addition, it is not anticipated that this use will adversely impact other recreational users. While no adverse impacts are anticipated, refuge staff will monitor this use to identify any changes in public interest or impacts to wildlife and habitat. If the level of use increases significantly, refuge staff will reevaluate this use and consider implementing additional measures such as the issuance of special use permits and establishing quantity limits. Berry picking is not expected to impact refuge purposes, the NWRS mission, or refuge management goals and objectives. The use is also not expected to significantly impact wildlife, plants or their habitats; cultural resources; other refuge resources; biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the refuge and the NWRS; priority public uses; other public uses; and public safety. PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT: This use will be available for a 14-day public commenting period. The draft CD will be posted at the Felsenthal National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters, the refuge’s official website, and in the local newspaper. DETERMINATION (CHECK ONE BELOW): ____ USE IS NOT COMPATIBLE _X__ USE IS COMPATIBLE WITH FOLLOWING STIPULATIONS NEPA Compliance for Refuge Use Decision: Place an X in appropriate space. _X__Categorical Exclusion without Environmental Action Statement 4 516 DM 8, 8.5 (7) Minor changes in the amounts or types of public use on Service or State-managed lands, in accordance with existing regulations, management plans, and procedures. ___ Categorical Exclusion and Environmental Action Statement ___ Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact ___ Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision STIPULATIONS NECESSARY TO ENSURE COMPATIBILITY: 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Revised February 24, 2017 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category
    [Show full text]
  • May Hawthorn Plant Fact Sheet
    Plant Fact Sheet white flowers, attractive foliage and ability to adapt to a MAY HAWTHORN variety of sites. Crataegus aestivalis Walt. Plant Symbol = CRAE Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description and Adaptation Description: A member of the Rosaceae family, the May Hawthorn is a deciduous, small, round- topped tree growing to 30 feet in height. Leaves are dark green, simple, and are alternately arranged.. Flowers are white and produced either singly or in clusters of 2 or 3.The fruit is a fleshy, red pome borne in May, contributing to the common name “Mayhaw”. Twigs are brown to gray Contributed by: East Texas Plant Materials Center and spiny. Alternative Names Eastern May Hawthorn, Apple May Hawthorn, Summer Haw and Mayhaw Uses Food: The fruit is frequently used for preserves and jellies and can also be dried for later use. Erosion control: Can be used in shelter belts and stream- bank stabilization. Wildlife: Provides nesting sites and cover for small birds. Birds and small mammals eat the fruit. Whitetail deer browse the leaves and young stems. May Hawthorn distribution from USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database. Timber: Adaptation: While preferring full sun, Eastern May The wood is heavy and strong but is too small for Hawthorn will tolerate partial shade. Once established it commercial use. Eastern May Hawthorn wood is used will also tolerate wet soils and drought conditions. It will locally for tool handles and mallets.
    [Show full text]
  • Honey Bee Suite © Rusty Burlew 2015 Master Plant List by Scientific Name United States
    Honey Bee Suite Master Plant List by Scientific Name United States © Rusty Burlew 2015 Scientific name Common Name Type of plant Zone Full Link for more information Abelia grandiflora Glossy abelia Shrub 6-9 http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/abelia-x-grandiflora/ Acacia Acacia Thorntree Tree 3-8 http://www.2020site.org/trees/acacia.html Acer circinatum Vine maple Tree 7-8 http://www.nwplants.com/business/catalog/ace_cir.html Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf maple Tree 5-9 http://treesandshrubs.about.com/od/commontrees/p/Big-Leaf-Maple-Acer-macrophyllum.htm Acer negundo L. Box elder Tree 2-10 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a841 Acer rubrum Red maple Tree 3-9 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275374&isprofile=1&basic=Acer%20rubrum Acer rubrum Swamp maple Tree 3-9 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275374&isprofile=1&basic=Acer%20rubrum Acer saccharinum Silver maple Tree 3-9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_saccharinum Acer spp. Maple Tree 3-8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple Achillea millefolium Yarrow Perennial 3-9 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b282 Aesclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed Perennial 3-9 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b490 Aesculus glabra Buckeye Tree 3-7 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=281045&isprofile=1&basic=buckeye
    [Show full text]
  • PG-Native Mayhaw
    Plant Guide buildings. It is excellent for environmental plantings, MAY HAWTHORN including small specimen tree and shrub borders. Crataegus aestivalis Walt. Status Plant Symbol = CRAE Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s Contributed By: USDA NRCS National Plant Data current status, such as, state noxious status and Center wetland indicator values. Description General: It is a spiny tree that grows to forty feet high and fifteen inches DBH. Leaves are narrow, broadest above or near the middle, dark green and shiny, serrated, seldom lobed and smooth. Flowers are white, produced singly or in two or three flowered clusters. Fruits are broadest above the middle or rounded, and red in color. Distribution: May hawthorn grows on the outer coastal plain from North Carolina to Mississippi. For current distribution, please consult the plant profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site. Adaptation Although it will succeed in partial shade and different soil types, it grows best in full sunlight, well-drained loamy soils. May hawthorn will tolerate wet soils becoming drought tolerant once established. It is wind tolerant making it a good tree species in shelterbelt planting. It is also tolerant of atmospheric pollution and performs well in urban settings. It is R. Mohlenbrock commonly found in river swamps, pond areas, and USDA, NRCS, Wetland Sciences Institute stream banks. @ PLANTS Uses Establishment Erosion Control: Because it tolerates a wide variety Propagation from Seed or Grafting: May hawthorn of sites, it can be planted to stabilize banks, for can be propagated by either seeds or grafting.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Efficacy and Quality Characterizatin of Mayhaw (Crataegus Opaca) Juice Extraction
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 Comparative Efficacy and Quality Characterizatin of Mayhaw (Crataegus Opaca) Juice Extraction. Alfred Francois Trappey II Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Trappey, Alfred Francois II, "Comparative Efficacy and Quality Characterizatin of Mayhaw (Crataegus Opaca) Juice Extraction." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7304. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7304 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has baen reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gardengoer the Newsletter of the St. Tammany Parish
    THE GARDENGOER THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ST. TAMMANY PARISH MASTER GARDENERS ASSOCIATION VOLUME 19 Issue 4 April 2016 Northshore Garden & Plant Sale 2016 Thank You to everyone who worked on the 2016 Garden & Plant Sale. We couldn’t have done it without the hard work from everyone. We had a very high participation percent- age from our members, even though a number of our friends were affected by the flood- ing. Many of those who could not actually work the sale were involved in the prepara- tions. We had a little disappointment with the weather forecast and resulting low attend- ance, but revenues were good and we still had the best plant sale in the state. The barn Northshore Garden & 1-6 Plant Sale 2016 never looked better, the booths were attractive and well-stocked, the educational events President’s Message 7 were excellent, and Backyard Plants achieved record sales. But most of all, it was the hard work and dedication of the membership– you – that made this a great event. Now County Agent’s Corner 8 let’s take a couple months off to tend to our own gardens and then get started to make MG Programs 9 next year’s sale even bigger and better. MG Stoplight 10 Pete & Kay Magic Wings Butterfly 11 Garden Slidell Memorial Rehab 12-13 Garden Way Down Yonder 14-16 Planning and Work 17 Pre-sale reception for Days vendors Louisiana Master Gar- 18 dener State Convention March MG Meeting 19-20 Minutes March Board Meeting 21-22 Minutes Board of Directors/ 23 Committee Chairs Editor’s Notes 24 Raffle Northshore Garden & Plant Sale 2016 Continued The St.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Forest Plants for the West Coast
    Copyright Notice Copyright 2005 Rain Tenaqiya. All images copyright 2005 Rain Tenaqiya, unless otherwise noted. Excerpts from this book may be used free of charge for nonprofitable purposes, as long as the title, author’s name, and author’s contact information is included. For business purposes, a reasonable donation would be appropriate, in addition to the above citation. The entire book may be duplicated and distributed for $10.00 a copy. Please see How to Contact the Author at the end of the book. 2 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Section 1: West Coast Food Forestry 8 Special Characteristics of the West Coast 8 Food Forests of the West Coast 18 Section 2: West Coast Food Forest Plants 32 Food Forest Plant Profiles 32 Fruit and Nut Harvest Seasons 118 Plant Characteristics 121 Appendix: An Introduction to Permaculture 130 Permaculture Ethics and Principles 130 Zone and Sector Analysis 133 West Coast Permaculture Resources 135 Plant Information and Materials Sources 137 Photo Credits 139 Plant Index to Food Forest Plant Profiles 140 How to Contact the Author 143 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Gary Bornzin and the Outback Farm at Fairhaven College, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, for first introducing me to Permaculture, in 1992. It was there that I saw the phrase “Plant Perennials” painted on the side of a small shack which has since been removed. I have taken the words to heart. I would also like to thank Jono Neiger and the Forest Garden at Lost Valley Educational Center, Dexter, Oregon for giving me my first opportunity to practice and teach food forestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Host Fruit Volatiles from Three Mayhaw Species
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library J Chem Ecol (2011) 37:961–973 DOI 10.1007/s10886-011-0013-6 Identification of Host Fruit Volatiles from Three Mayhaw Species (Crataegus Series Aestivales) Attractive to Mayhaw-Origin Rhagoletis pomonella Flies in the Southern United States Dong H. Cha & Thomas H. Q. Powell & Jeffrey L. Feder & Charles E. Linn Jr. Received: 2 March 2011 /Revised: 13 August 2011 /Accepted: 19 August 2011 /Published online: 3 September 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, [23%], hexyl butanoate [6%], and pentyl hexanoate [3%]). infests several hawthorn species in the southern USA. Here, Crataegus aestivalis and C. opaca-origin flies showed we tested the hypothesis that these populations could serve significantly higher levels of upwind directed flight to their as reservoirs for fruit odor discrimination behaviors facilitat- natal blend in flight tunnel assays compared to the non-natal ing sympatric host race formation and speciation, specifically blend and previously developed apple, northern downy the recent shift from downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis)to hawthorn, and flowering dogwood blends. Eastern and domestic apple (Malus domestica) in the northern USA. western mayhaw flies also were tested to the C. rufula Coupled gas chromatography and electroantennographic blend, with eastern flies displaying higher levels of upwind detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography with mass spec- flight compared with the western flies, likely due to the trometry (GC-MS), and flight tunnel bioassays were used to presence of butyl acetate in the C.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiments and Observations on Growing Mayhaws As a Crop in South Georgia and North Florida
    Experiments and Observations on Growing Mayhaws as a Crop in South Georgia and North Florida Gerard Krewer, Professor and Extension Horticulturist Tim Crocker, Professor and Extension Horticulturist, University of Florida Introduction Since antebellum times, mayhaw (Crataegus aestivalis – (Walter) Torrey & Gray, C. opaca – Hook. & Arn., and C. rufula – Sarg.) fruit has been treasured in the Deep South for its culinary uses. Mayhaws are highly esteemed for making jelly, sauces and wine, and are one of the few ornamental flowering trees adapted for use in lake- shore and wet area landscaping. Mayhaws are members of the family Rosaceae, subfamily Maloideae, tribe Crataegeae. This round-topped small tree (25 to 30 feet high) has attrac- tive foliage, showy white blossoms (0.6 to 1.1 inches in diameter), clusters of brilliantly colored fruits and an upright or pendulous tree form. Mayhaws are locally abundant in low, wet areas such as limesinks, bays, sloughs, river bottoms and along streams and in swamps from North Carolina to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas (Payne and Krewer, 1990; Payne, Krewer and Eitenmiller, 1990). In earlier times, there was sufficient wild fruit available to satisfy most local needs. Recently, however, many native mayhaw stands have been destroyed by land clearing for forestry and agriculture. Many of the remaining mayhaw groves have been designated off-limits, restricting public access for fruit collection. Increased demand for mayhaw fruit, along with the tree’s ability to grow on land too wet for most crops, has created significant interest in commercial mayhaw production. Small commercial manufacturers of mayhaw jelly and syrup have become more prominent, and demand for pick-your-own and direct sales to consumers has also increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Revised October 19, 2018
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Revised October 19, 2018 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA (Wataug>f Wnke8 /Madison V" Burke Y H Buncombe >laywoodl Swain f/~~ ?uthertor< /Graham, —~J—\Jo< Polk Lenoii TEonsylvonw^/V- ^ Macon V \ Cherokey-^"^ / /Cloy Union I Anson iPhmonf Ouptln Scotlar Ons low Robeson / Blodon Ponder Columbus / New>,arrfver Brunewlck Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2018 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate. The list is published every two years. Further information may be obtained by contacting the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, 1651 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1651; by contacting the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1701 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699- 1701; or by contacting the North Carolina Plant Conservation Program, Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1060 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1060. Additional information on rare species, as well as a digital version of this list, can be obtained from the Natural Heritage Program’s website at www.ncnhp.org. Cover Photo of Allium keeverae (Keever’s Onion) by David Campbell. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]