THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA san Ff:BRUARY • 1970 One Dollar For some time we have been concerned that the editorial • The Georgetown Rice Planters on the Eve of the Civil War by Dr. format of Sandlapper-The Magazine of South Carolina George C. Rogers Jr. of the University of South Carolina. would not permit us to present extensive historical mate­ • Waddel Academy-Frontier Outpost of Scholarship by Dr. Robert rial. S. McCully of Charleston. Thus, we conceived the idea of a companion publication • The Best Friend of Charleston by H. Carter Siegling of to Sandlapper; that is, South Carolina History Illustrated, a Charleston. quarterly publication devoted exclusively to in-depth, pro­ • Henry Timrod: Poet Laureate of the Confederacy by Burrell M. fusely illustrated historical articles (each written for the E Iii son Jr. of Lancaster. popular audience by an authority in his field). and hard­ • Florence Harllee-First Lady of Florence by Virginia Ravenel of bound to provide a permanent reference for future genera­ Florence. tions. • South Carolina Expatriates in Brazil by Prof. Tom Crowson of Whether you are well versed in the historical legacy of Winthrop College. South Carolina, whether you are seeking a verbal and visual • South Carolina's Forty-Day State Capital by Evelyn McD. Frazier introduction to those forebears (the famous, the infamous of Walterboro. and the plain folk) who shaped the state's history, or Other writers scheduled to appear in coming issues include: whether you are interested in understanding the momen­ Charles E. Lee, director of the S.C. Department of Archives and tous decisions that made our past and influenced our History; Dr. Daniel W. Hollis of the University of South Carolina; future, South Carolina History Illustrated is a must. W.D. Workman, editor of The State newspaper; Prof. M. Foster Farley of Newberry College; Dr. Lewis P. Jones of Wofford College; The exciting format will make use of abundant illustra­ and many other well-known South Carolina historians. tions: little-known photographs, fine old paintings, wood­ cuts, engravings, posters and political cartoons, many in South Carolina History Illustrated Subscription lifelike color. Enclosed is a check for $12.00. (S.C. residents add 4% sales tax.) Subscribe now and be assured of receiving the first issue Please enter my subscription for one year. of this handsome, hardbound quarterly, scheduled for publication in February. A year's subscription is $12.00 Name including postage and handling. (Individual copies will sell Address, ______for $4.00 plus 25 cents postage and handling.) City ______State, ____ _ Zip Code _ _ Some articles scheduled for the first issue of South Carolina History Illustrated include: Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O . Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202 Over the years you've looked out for each other in 101 different ways. Yet when the time comes to administer the many com­ plexities of your will . you may be expecting too much from Bob. Or any friend or relative. D Most people today simply aren't equipped to manage the many practical and financial aspects of estate settlement. You need a trained executor. and the Trust Department of C&S Bank offers you just that. It costs no more. And with their knowledge. the professiona Is at C&S can save you money. D The C&S Trust Department is available to serve your interests every working day. So write or call the Trust Department.C&S Bank . and set up a meeting with one of our experienced trust officers. See C&S ... the"aclion bank THE CITIZENS & SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH CAROLINA MEMBER F o 1.c Anderson , Greenvi lle , Cha rl eston , Flo rence , Co lumbia · Myrtle Beach, Inman Darlington • Ca mden · Spart anburg · Sumter· Gree r· Roc k Hill· Conway · Gaffney READERS Jack COMMENTS Rabbit Sandlapper welcomes letters to the editor on matters of general in­ Company ... terest. We ask that the letters be held to 150 words or less. Excerpts A Carolina Institution from this month's letters are pre­ sented below.

We have been processing film since 1920 for people all across the U.S.A. Why not send us I particularly enjoyed your De­ your film today for the finest quality prints, mov­ cember issue with Dr. John Chase's scholarly research into the Cister­ ies and slides at the lowest prices. For complete cians and his account of their foun­ pric e list and free mailing !~ . ~ '" dation in South Carolina, the abbey envelope, wr ite to : ~ __, ,~·· of Our Lady of Mepkin. ~- ''C, i'~ I would like to recount for your readers an amusing and true story J

2 Sand lap per THE MAGAZINE . a -. san~ apper.OF SOUTH CAROLINA

READERS COMMENTS 2 NEXT MONTH 6 A MINIATURE FLINTLOCK 8 Ollie Moye SPIRITUALITY AMID WORLDLY MYRTLE BEACH 10 Fred Trask SURPASSING THE SUMMER 15 Patsy Oliver FIRE-TALKING WOMAN 20 Helen Fenninger A BUSINESS THAT BEGAN WITH SCRAPS 23 Eva G. Key RED STOCKINGS REVUE 26 Jerine Smith FIRST-CLASS FELINES 28 Jackie Odom ROBERT EARLE MARVIN 32 Evelyn M. Bennett BANK LANDSCAPING WINS AWARD 33 Dorothy S. Debnam PALMETTO QUIZ 38 MARION COUNTY COURTHOUSE 39 Lucy McMillan Joyner WINGS AND WHEELS 44 Brenda Moulton SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE 50 SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF 52 CALE YARBOROUGH 54 Isobel S. Lawton WASHINGTON'S HALF DOLLAR 57 Viola C. Floyd SOUTH CAROLINA: A SYNOPTIC HISTORY FOR LAYMEN 58 Lewis P. Jones CURRY ... CHARLESTON STYLE 64 Nike Middleton EVENTS 65 COLUMBIA PHOTO CONTEST WINNERS 68 BACKWOODSMAN 70 Archibald Rutledge SALLY KNERR: PRINTMAKER 72 Louise and Paul Trescott TOWNSEND HOUSE OF ABBEVILLE 76 Nancy Wylie INTERESTING, UNUSUAL ITEMS AND SERVICES 80 COVER: WINGS AND WHEELS MUSEUM Wylie Davis

PUBLISHER Robert Pearce Wilkins EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Delmar L. Roberts EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Albert Davis EVENTS EDITOR Beth Littlejohn STAFF ARTIST Michael F. Schumpert ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE Heyward Fort CIRCULATION MANAGER Rose T. Wilkins CIRCULATION ASSIST ANTS Harry D. Hull, Kathryn F. Little Celia S. Truesdale, Anne Watson STAFF ASSIST ANT Mona Simpson

SANDLAPPER is published monthly by Sandlapper Press, Inc., Robert Pearce Wilkins, president; Dan K. Dukes Jr., vice president and general manager; Edward T. O'Cain, vice president printing; Delmar L. Roberts, vice president editorial; Rose T. Wilkins, vice president and secretary. Ski the SANDLAPPER-THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, February 1970, Volume 3, Number 2. Published monthly by Sandlapper Press, Inc. Offices and printing plant located on U.S. 378, excitement West Columbia, s.c. MAILING ADDRESS: All correspondence and manuscripts should be ad­ dressed to P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, drawings and photographs submitted if they are to be returned. Query before submitting material. of Seven Devils No responsibility assumed for unsolicited materials. Second-class postage paid at Columbia, S.C. Subscription rates: $9 a year in the United States and possessions; foreign countries, $12. Add 4% sales tax for South Carolina subscriptions.@1970 by Sandlapper Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission. Sandlapper is a registered trademark. PO Box 427, Boone, NC. 28607

February 1970 3 FOR NEEDLEWORK AND TILEWORK

A full-color Carolina Gamecock, Citadel Bulldog and Clemson Tiger are each reproduced on scaled paper (approximately 22" x 27"), and ready for the do-it­ yourselfer interested in creating an unusual accent for personal use or for the home. Whether it be a pocketbook, chair seat cover, rug, plaque, card table cover, tote bag, wastebasket cover, wall hanging, tile top table, or any one of scores of needlework and tilework applications, these patterns by Adalee Winter offer interesting creative possibilities. A how-to-do-it instruction booklet illustrated with profuse drawings that will make even a novice an accom­ plished needleworker has also been prepared by Mrs. Winter. Patterns of the Gamecock, Bulldog and Tiger are $2.00 each. The needlework instruction booklet is $1.00 Enclose 25 cents postage and handling charge for each order to be shipped to separate addresses. South Caro­ lina residents please add 4% sales tax. Send orders to Sandlapper Press, Inc., Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. For a good many years I assisted writer also restored other historic her, including the diminutive of my late father-in-law in the manage­ items about the plantation, includ­ "Mepkin," or Little Mep. ment of his hunting preserve, which ing the planting of a very large included Mepkin, Ellwood and camellia tree and other trees. Sydney B. Carpender Washington plantations, as well as What interests me most, how­ Longboat Key, Florida some thousands of acres of upland­ ever, about Mr. Chase's article is woodland across the highway .... [his failure] to disclose the origin Somewhere about 1918, the or meaning of the word "Mepkin," The photographs of the Christ­ writer, son-in-law of the late James which he attributes "probably" to mas trees, "Trees for the Young at W. Johnson, who for some years contraction of words of primitive Heart," in the December issue of was the owner of Mepkin, person­ Indians.... '' Sandlapper" were lovely. How­ ally restored Henry Laurens' family A little further research in ever, it was very disappointing that burial plot, removing trees and rank Charleston among some of the no mention was made that this was growth that former owners had older families might have disclosed a project of the Women's Auxiliary allowed to desecrate it; and to keep that Henry Laurens married Mary of the Greenville Council of Archi­ animals out, installed a new Elizabeth Pinckney, whose initials, tects. Most of the decorations used wrought-iron gate to the plot. The M.E.P., served as a pet name for on the 10 trees were hand made by

February 1970 5 members of the Auxiliary and were placed in the Greenville Museum of Art in December 1968. Months of hard work went into making the ornaments and decorating not only the trees but each room of the museum. This project has been so well re­ BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ceived by the public that it has be­ ATTHE come an annual event. In addition MEDICAL UNIVERSITY to the general public, more than OF SOUTH CAROLINA 8,000 school children visited the display of Christmas trees this year. Forty-five volunteer docents of the museum conducted tour groups at By Elaine S. Stanford the rate of 60 pupils every 15 minutes during the morning hours. A member of the museum staff described the exhibit as "truly a work of art in mixed media."

Mrs. C.J. Liles Greenville, South Carolina

LIMESTONE Being a devout lover of plants COLLEGE and flowers of all descriptions, I thoroughly enjoyed your December article, "Hollies." It was very in­ formative and helpful. By B.G. Moss In the past at Christmas time, I have always broken huge boughs of holly from the lower branches of the trees which grow wild around my home. Then in the spring, I would enigmatically wonder why the trees seemed to A TOUR OF STATEBURG be stunted. Your information concerning the By Russell Maxey different varieties and types of hollies really was a treat, and I look forward to seeing more articles in ONE MAN'S EFFORT "Sandlapper" concerning plants TO BEAUTIFY SPARTANBURG and flowers that are so common to all parts of South Carolina. By Nancy C. Yates John D. Griffin Pomaria, South Carolina SCANDINAVIA, U.S.A. By Jackie Odom We enjoyed so very much Rita McDavid's article on Louisa Cheves McCord in the November issue of CALENDAR OF EVENTS the "Sandlapper." Louisa's father, • Art • Theatre • Tours Langdon Cheves, was my husband's • Music • Sports • Fairs great-great-grandfather. Langdon 's portrait hangs in the hall of our • Dance • Horse Shows • Lectures home.

6 Sandlapper Betty J. Haskell expectations and only the people (Mrs. Alexander C. Haskell Jr.) would benefit. North Augusta, South Carolina GIFT Joseph L. Carter Webb AFB, Texas SUGGESTIONS This letter should come to you wrapped in a whisper of perfume FROM and on pale pink paper for it is a My wife and I have just returned love letter to South Carolina. from a three weeks' trip to London, My husband and I have been here Germany and Austria, and I actu­ sandlapper in California since July 1968 and ally came home with many ideas have been homesick ever since. that I would like to see put into NEEDLEWORK PATTERNS Thank you so much for the "Sand­ effect here in our South Carolina. Gamecock $2.00 lapper" and the gentle memories of The Munich area in particular is Tiger $2.00 home that unfold in every issue. I immaculately clean, not only the Bulldog $2.00 always quickly scan the new issue streets, their yards but also in the Wildflower $2.00 as soon as it arrives for a mention countryside; the highways are spot­ Instruction Booklet $1.00 of home-Greenville. less as well as all the farms, etc. (Add 25¢ postage) How we long for the simple I asked a taxi driver (who spoke everyday beauties of home: clean, very good English), what is the ex­ white, pure beaches; the quaintness planation for such cleanliness? His CLOWN PRINTS of Pawley's; the rich fragrance of reply was "We are proud of our (Set of 4) $1.00 autumn and the glorious foliage country," keeping it clean is every­ afire with the spirit of the season; one's job. and the truly "Beautiful People"­ FULL-COLOR MAP OF kind, thoughtful, Southern people, W.R. Willauer NORTH CAROLINA AND both white and colored, who are Sullivan's Island, South Carolina SOUTH CAROLINA genuine in friendship and the art of By H.S. Tanner $10.00 "neighborliness." How nice to come home after three years in the I wish to express to you our Air Force to go to church with the appreciation for the article on the SANDLAPPER BINDERS family, hear children say "yes Robert Mills Historic House and Volumes I, II and III ma'am" and "yes sir," and never to Park in your January issue. We feel Each $4.00 meet an unsmiling stranger on the that although our Foundation has street. been working on this project for the past eight years, very few South SANDLAPPER '68 $15.00 Mrs. James P. Coleman III Carolinians realize that the house (Add 50¢ postage) Lompoc, California which Mills designed for Ainsley Hall is now open to the public mornings and afternoons, Tuesday BACK ISSUES OF In the September copy, there through Saturday, and Sunday after­ SANDLAPPER each $1.00 was a letter from a Mrs. Wofford noons. Thank you very much for (Jan., Feb., Mar. 1968 concerning her son's love for our letting them know about this his­ out of print) state. toric attraction here in our capital (Add 25¢ postage) I have remarked about this on city. several occasions to other South We also wish to call your readers' Carolinians. Here at Webb [Air attention to the fact that the lovely MILLS' ATLAS $50.00 Force Base] , on first arriving, I was color view of the house which you Individual Maps each $6.00 helped considerably by Lt. Gerald used on the cover was taken by Black of Charleston, and I have Ernest Ferguson of Winnsboro. Mr. tried to assist those who have fol­ Ferguson also took the view in In South Carolina lowed me. I finish pilot training in color of the elegant formal dining Add 4% Sales Tax 10 days knowing that other South room of the house. Carolinians will take my place in helping those who follow. If this Mrs. Thomas E. Mccutchen Sandlapper Press, Inc. spirit of cooperation prevailed President P.O. Box 1668 throughout our state, we would Historic Columbia Foundation Columbia, S.C. 29202 progress far beyond the present Columbia, South Carolina

February 1970 7

I I

~ 1n1atur1 intlDC BbJ Ollie MobJe

ed Hipp of Newberry is an were muskets of this type made be­ been working on guns since 1952, artisan in the field of metal­ fore 1822. The main characteristic mostly as a hobby. By trade he is a Nwork; his close associates regard of this model is the brass pan." machinist, a partner in the Custom him as a craftsman's craftsman. Hipp says there is no way to de­ Machine and Design Co., located in That Hipp is a perfectionist, is termine just how much time was Columbia, where he specializes in evidenced by a scale model of an required to make the reproduction. building and designing industrial 1816 flintlock musket which he has He estimates it took from 150 to equipment. executed. Close inspection of the 200 hours, figuring that about 25 weapon, which commands respect hours was required to complete even from those who are not gun only the engravings. Ollie Moye is editor of the New- fanciers, reveals Hipp's painstaking Th is Newberry craftsman has berry Herald and News. attention to detail. Set in a solid walnut stock, the steel components were made mostly by hand, a file being used to shape them. On the lockplate Hipp has engraved an American eagle. Collector Hipp owns several genuine 1816 flintlock muskets, but his scale model-reproduced half size-is copied from a gun not included in his own collection. The original was produced in Greenville by the family of Adam Carruth, the first Back-Country gunsmith, whose factory was begun about 1812. The Carruth 1816 musket is rare-the only musket made in South Carolina-the principal reason for Hipp's selecting it for a ' model. He gathered most of the details from two Carruth muskets owned by a friend in a neighboring city, but his reproduction more closely resembles one he has seen in a neighboring state. (Hipp, how­ ever, is reluctant to identify the lo­ cations of the other muskets.) "Since all the guns made back then were handmade, they 're all a little different," he explains. His keen interest in the 1816 musket is aroused by the contro­ versy that exists over them. "Some call it an 1822 model," says Hipp. ':• "But I've done enough reading and research to be convinced that there " February 1970 ~~ . - -Photo by Joe Belk

10 Sandlapper [nI~QaLIT~ ID WOULD~~ nTLe :seaoQ ... THE MEHER BABA SPIRITUAL CENTER By Fred Trask

oe Belk and I slowed impatiently Seven miles north of the city the Above: Meher Baba, whose followers come for a stoplight. To our right, the speed limit on King's Highway is 60 from all over the world. Left: Lakeside JSwamp Fox roller coaster miles per hour. We almost passed retreat at the Meher Spiritual Center. clanked laboriously up its steepest the gray mailbox marked "Meher grade, paused above the morning Center" but swerved in and stopped ocean, and plunged its shrieking before a green wooden gate. Behind themselves as two of the directors passengers earthward, then rose it stood two elderly ladies waiting of the center. They dismissed our again. Down the sweltering boule­ patiently. As I eased the car lateness with disarming smiles, got vard, three college girls, tanned and through the gate, Joe glanced at me in the back seat of the car, and bikinied, studiously ignored the knowingly-like a man entering guided us down a narrow dirt road whistles of a Noxema-nosed Sigma prison and already planning an which wound through a dense hard­ Nu treading the cement stalking escape-and signed. We reluctantly wood forest. The Meher Spiritual grounds. Myrtle Beach was tempt­ resigned ourselves to what we Center, white-haired Mrs. Patterson ing us, but we couldn't stop. We feared would be an uncomfortable explained, is a 500-acre tract of were already late for an appoint­ and patronizing visit in a colony of land extending from the highway to ment at the Meher Spiritual Center, religious fanatics. the sea. While living in India as dis­ an assignment we expected would Mrs. Elizabeth Patterson and ciples of spiritual leader Meher be dull by comparison to the diver­ Miss Kitty Davy, their bright eyes Baba, Mrs. Patterson and Princess sions flashing by. smiling cheerfully, introduced Norina Matchabelli had been di-

February 1970 11 rected to return to America to es­ a jeep at low tide and hope you got Joe and I relaxed to the soothing tablish a retreat for his lovers. (The back before the tide rose. If you tones of Miss Davy, our cynicism followers of Meher Baba call them­ chose the other way, the old King's melting as she spoke. Her mirthful selves Baba Lovers.) Baba decreed Highway, you had to take boards eyes, eyes that held the knowledge that the site satisfy certain require­ with you to avoid bogging down on of great joy and great pain, nar­ ments. It must be virgin land with the sandy road. Either way, you rowed affectionately as she men­ ample water, good soil and an never knew whether you were going tioned Meher Baba. Of Persian de- equable climate. Also, the property to spend the night or not." must be "given from the heart." The road we drove down was The two ladies sought a site in sev­ cool and shady. A rabbit leaped in eral states over a period of three the dense underbrush while some­ years before Mrs. Patterson's father, where, high in an oak, squirrels Simeon Chapin, a retired New York clicked their claws on the bark and businessman-turned-land-developer, chirred. Quail and deer crossed the invited her one Easter to visit meandering road without fear. No Myrtle Beach. Hearing about the shots rang out· here. This was a wooded land with lakes north of wildlife sanctuary, ordained by Myrtle Beach, Mrs. Patterson inves­ Baba and enforced by the S.C. tigated it and found it qualified as a Wildlife Department. site for a center. Chapin arranged for his daughter to acquire the acreage, thus satisfying Baba's spe­ cification that it be "given from the heart." "In those days [1943] ," Mrs. Below: Mrs. Elizabeth Patterson of the Patterson explained, "there were Meher Spiritual Center. At right and far only two ways to reach this area. right: Scenes on the grounds of the Center One was to race down the beach in which is located north of Myrtle Beach.

-Photo by Jack Thompson Studios

12 Sandlapper scent, he was born Merwan Sheriar Inside the cabin is a roped-off Irani in Poona, India, Feb. 25, chair and a photograph of Baba, his 1894. His life was quite normal un­ countenance bearing a mysterious til 1913 when he met Hazrat Baba­ smile as though he knew a joke jan, one of the five Perfect Masters only he could understand. A pam­ of the Age. Babajan gave him God­ phlet entitled "Meher Baba's Uni­ Realization. By 1921, Merwan had versal Message" lay casually on a met the other four Perfect Masters table. I pocketed it as we were leav­ and attained Spiritual Perfection. ing, but Baba's vigilant eyes, deep Beginning his spiritual mission, he and unfathomable as the ocean be­ drew around him his first close dis­ yond, witnessed the theft. ciples who named him Meher Baba, Kitty and Elizabeth had work to "Compassionate Father." do and said they would meet us Near Ahmednagar, India, Baba later. Joe, who by this time was as established a spiritual colony which mesmerized by the Thoreau-like provided a free hospital and shelters atmosphere of the center as he had for the poor. Refusing to discrim­ been enticed by the sensual delights inate between high castes and the of Myrtle Beach, wandered away untouchables, Baba trained his snapping pictures, glad for the disciples in moral discipline, love of chance to indulge his special in­ God, spiritual understanding and terest and to try out his new cam­ selfless service. In July 1925, he era. I wandered down the bluff began to observe a silence which he toward a wooden footbridge span­ maintained until his death on Jan. ning a narrow arm of the lake. A 31, 1969. During the silence he tall, thin lady, her blue eyes fixed communicated with his followers, on the water, supported her body mandali, by means of hand gestures. against the railing with her arms as Our drive ended in a large clear­ she bent forward. Under the pilings ing filled with wooden cabins un­ bass and bream vied for algae and obtrusively nestled in the shade of dragonflies. oaks, cedars and soaring pines. We The lady heard me coming, were surprised to see that a lot of looked up, and introduced herself people were there, some talking and graciously. Mrs. Jane Barry Haynes laughing in groups, others gazing lives in Meher House at the north­ contemplatively down a steep bluff ern edge of the center. She walked -Photo by Joe Bel k into a lake below. The lake was me to the Cabin on the Hill, a two­ bounded on its eastern rim by high room dwelling resting on a gentle marsh grass and dunes, and beyond rise above the lake. In a corner of the dunes the sea pounded the the cabin a small sign spells out the and those who know of me and shore. rules of the center ( drugs and alco­ want to know more, can come to Mrs. Patterson and Miss Davy, hol are prohibited) and establishes the center.' However," she con­ who by their own insistence were safety and sanitation standards. cluded, " they can't come thinking now Elizabeth and Kitty, led us "All the cabins have names," she it's a state park." into a small cabin facing the ocean. said, and pointed to Far Cabin, Out at the screened-in boat­ On the steps of Lagoon Cabin, Baba Near Cabin, Lake Cabin, and The house, Joe was talking to a bearded had sat daily during one of his three Lantern. college student dressed in faded visits to the center, his lovers gath­ "Before her death in 1957," Mrs. blue jeans, cut Bermuda length and ered at his feet. He held a darshan Haynes explained, "Princess ragged in their gradual unraveling. (an Indian word meaning the view­ Matchabelli designed these cabins His eyes were intent and intelligent ing of an eminent religious leader) and placed them within clapping and held Joe in steady conver­ here on his last visit in 1958. distance of each other so that Baba sation. I jumped into a question­ "One unexpected lover showed (he was silent then, you know) able-looking bateau and rowed to up," Kitty laughed. "A turtle could summon his disciples. Over the middle of the lake. There was a crawled from the lake the first day the years these buildings have sensation of ultimate solitude here, Baba arrived, stationed himself be­ housed literally thousands of the quality of a Japanese landscape, side the steps for the duration of people, people from every corner of mystical and sheer, the faint tin­ his visit, then disappeared never to society." She added, "Baba says kling of wind chimes drifting across be heard from again." 'those who love me and follow me, the water from the boathouse.

February 1970 13 I rounded a bend and lost sight "Oh, the Ancient One," I said, emerged from his hiding place and of the cabins on the bluff. Figuring half wishing I had spared her the slithered into the brush. "There are this was as good a time as any to pun. But she laughed apprecia­ good snakes, and there are bad read the "Universal Message," I tively, her jovial eyes guileless and snakes," Elizabeth said ingeniously. anchored the boat in deep widgeon sincere. "That's a good snake. He keeps the grass. I knew that Baba was sup­ Our two guides drove us past the others away." One of the rules in posed to be the avatar of this age, library to Baba's house. From the Cabin on the Hill, instituted by the Messiah, the direct descendant India, Meher Baba had directed Baba himself, had required the spiritually of Christ, Muhammed, Elizabeth to build his house 500 wearing of shoes on the center. Joe Buddha, Krishna, Rama and Zoro­ feet from the northern boundary of muttered his concurrence and aster, but no one could explain his the center. "He hadn't even been suggested, none too subtly, that we purpose as well as he: here then," she said, "but of all the not tarry much longer in the game "I have not come to teach but to sites here, he chose the best." The preserve. awaken. Understand therefore that house occupied a point high on the But we had one place left to I lay down no precepts. Through­ bluff overlooking the lake. The visit, a small house located on the out history I have laid down prin­ vista was spectacular, the sea be­ north edge of the center, midway ciples and precepts, but mankind yond the shoreline bobbing with between the sea and the "real" has ignored them. Man's inability to fishing boats in the 12 o'clock sun. world behind the forest. Lyn Ott, a live God's words make the Avatar's In winter, ducks and geese must tall, gentle, black-haired artist, teaching a mockery. Instead of have lit virtually in his front yard. nearly blind, lives here with his practising the compassion He From here we drove to the south family. His walls are covered with taught, man has waged crusades in end of the center, to the Barn, a canvasses of Baba, now the only His name. Instead of living the large meeting hall that had been subject he paints. Baba's face humility, purity, and truth of His transported during World War II emerges full of power and compas­ words, man has given way to from Conway and then reassem­ sion, visionary and intricately col­ hatred, greed and violence .... bled. "It's about 50 years old ored. When Ott spoke, his voice ex­ "Because Man has been deaf to now," said Kitty, "and it ought to pressed complete confidence that the principles and precepts laid last another hundred or so years." Baba was the God-Man. He showed down by God in the past, in the It was very quiet inside, and I got us photographs of Baba in his var­ present Avataric form I observe the feeling this was a special place. ious moods, his calm eyes still Silence. You have asked for and The walls of the old cypress build­ mysterious and benevolent, and been given enough words-now is ing were lined with placards con­ gave us a copy of Baba's message. the time to live them .... taining sayings of Baba given during Then it was time to go. Joe had "All this world confusion and his stay at the center. One, par­ depleted his film and was expecting chaos was inevitable and no one is ticularly, arrested my gaze: "I am another serpent at any moment. to blame. What had to happen has not come to establish any cult, Kitty and Elizabeth rode back with happened, and what has to happen society, or organization; nor even us through the rustling forest to the will happen. There was and is no to establish a new religion. The re­ gate where their car was waiting. way out except through my coming ligion that I shall give teaches the We said good-bye and pulled in your midst. I had to come, and I Knowledge of the One behind the onto the highway with difficulty in have come. I am the Ancient One." many. The book that I shall make the heavy traffic. The gate closed I was so engrossed in these words people read is the book of the heart behind us. that I failed to notice a brownish­ that holds the key to the mystery I recalled the many times I had green log that the wind had blown of life. I shall bring about a happy traveled this same road without toward the boat. When the log blending of the head and the heart. seeing the gray mailbox; had never sidled up five feet from the stern I I shall revitalize all religions and even known it was there. And now, stared full face into the unblinking cults, and bring them together like as we neared the resort, and the eyes of an alligator. His menacing beads on one string." billboards proclaiming instant pleas­ smirk, accented malevolently by From the porch of the Barn, Joe ures passed us by, I felt that we had sharp, green teeth, drove me back spied something sliding beneath a visited a mirage; that the center to shore, the oars leaden with pile of old leaves. He grabbed his couldn't exist so near the seething pounds of widgeon grass. camera and leapt to the ground, asphalt, the carpet golf and breaded Elizabeth was waiting on shore. poking the leaves with his foot. hamburgers, the pinball machines, "There's a big alligator out there," I "Wait!" Kitty warned. "Don't do the "Wild Mouse," and the blinking announced. that. This season of the year it suntan commercials. "Yes," she smiled, delighted at might be a rattlesnake." Joe backed my discovery, "That must be away, trembling with fright and Fred Trask is a free-lance writer Grandpa. He's rarely seen." embarrassment, as a big king snake from Beaufort.

14 Sandlapper ~..._,

~ /

SURPASS1NG THE SUMMER BY PATSY OLIVER

Above: Chief ministers of six mythical fter running the world for a South Korea, Russia, China, India countries are involved in a summit meet­ week last summer, 41 South and the United States, the students ing observed by instructor Tom Palmer. ACarolina high school students had to decide what actions their must be finding it hard to sit back countries should take when con­ and only read about diplomatic fronted with a dangerous inter­ uproars in other areas of the world. national situation. As diplomats As participants in SURPASS­ facing a Korean-type war, these re­ Summer Residential Program for cently appointed cabinet members Academically Superior Students, had to decide what positions their sponsored by the University of countries should take. Sou th Carolina- they spent the The student diplomats made warm summer days between July their decisions after carefully study­ 28 and August 23 solving diplo­ ing the hypothetical resources and matic emergencies, playing "tick­ military strength of their countries. tack-toe" with a computer, produc­ The results were calculated by ing a play, and taking a private tour CONTROL- USC International of a Polaris submarine. Studies Prof. Tom Palmer. His cal­ Divided into six groups and as­ culations determined if peace or signed cabinet positions in fictitious nuclear war would have resulted. - Photos by Ralph J arrells countries representing North and Easing international tensions

February 1970 15 Left: Individual student research was an integral part of the SUR PASS study pro­ gram. Below: "Ministers" discuss the issues in the game Dangerous Parallel.

proved hazardous to these initiates into the world of espionage and in­ trigue. During the eight days they devoted to living as diplomats, many spent restless nights following double agents down dormitory halls while comrades slept. Others broke up espionage attempts and recovered valuable government documents. Attempted assassinations were common on the USC campus as spies and counterspies sought well­ hidden information packets con­ taining the plans and names of counteragents working for rival countries. Several packets ended up on the ends of thin white strings dangling delicately out of sixth-story windows. Others were eventually discovered taped to the back of desk drawers and hidden under in­ nocent-appearing chairs. Assassina­ tion attempts led to border clashes. In these military escapades, each country involved lost 5,000 men, and threats and counterthreats flew back and forth as the language of diplomacy took on a new meaning for each country's diplomatic dele­ gation. By the time the eight days al­ loted for this particular facet of SURPASS had come and gone, each country had used its own supply of

16 Sandlapper time to be worried, tired and anxious," explained Brasington, pointing out that for many young­ sters this was the first time away from home for an extended period. "After five days of sharing common experiences, they compounded these experiences to give the most beneficial sessions of the entire pro­ gram. From these sessions on, stu­ dents seemed to grasp a balancing of the science and academics with humanism and a sensitivity to the world around." Selected by high school prin­ cipals and counselors from through­ out the state, the 41 students paid their own expenses, lived in uni­ Above: A visit to the Columbia Museum of Art included instruction in pottery versity dormitories, and ate meals making. Below: Ellen Poole of Mullins, S.C. works with the McKissick Library in the USC cafeterias. The program, microfilm collection as part of her research for a paper in International Studies. sponsored by the USC Division of Student Affairs, was designed to give students the opportunity to study in an academic environment From this project, students with members of the USC faculty. learned something of the "language In addition to offering activities of diplomacy" and had the chance and study in the fields of inter­ to see firsthand the possible conse­ national studies, and either space quences that can arise from de­ science or computer science, the cisions made in a world crisis, ex­ program emphasized experimen­ plained SURPASS Director Reggie tation and research. Brasington. According to Brasing­ "I think SURPASS has had a ton, the war games seemed to be great effect on everyone connected the most popular of all the pro­ with it, both staff and students," gram's activities. explained Charles Witten, vice presi­ Once the diplomatic problems dent of student affairs at USC. were solved, the students embarked "The faculty learned how to excite on a variety of activities ranging students to learning and the stu­ from participating in a quiz show to dents found out that learning in­ producing and directing their own volves not only the acquisition of dramatic presentation. On SUR­ subject matter but also the develop­ p ASS Bowl-the quiz show mod­ ment of new attitudes and values. eled after the television question Students also found that learning • and answer program which features takes place both in and out of the ii• college students as contestants­ classroom." ~~ SU RP ASS students pitted wits But perhaps most important, .....C a· against members of the USC fac­ "SURPASS helped transform chil­ 11 ulty. As expected, the students dren into young adults," added ,0. resources to best reach its decision were eventually defeated, recalled Witten. ~I in attaining national goals. By the Brasington, "but only after putting And the war games and sensi­ end of the period, North and South up a strong battle." tivity sessions were only small parts !iz i Korea were united under South The group's greatest evidence of of the entire SURPASS program. Korea's government, and China had insight and maturity evolved in For the four-week period, activ­ become a member of the United "sensitivity sessions," in which stu­ ities were divided among morning Nations. Before official admittance, dents confronted each other on an classes, afternoon labs, and special however, China was made to pro­ equal basis. interest groups in the evening. All mise not to interfere with Korean "By the end of the first week of university facilities, including the affairs. the program, the students had had USC swimming pool, craftshop (for

February 1970 17 making souvenirs), photographic laboratories, classrooms and equip­ ment were available for the stu­ dents' use. Parents were allowed to visit the students during the second week­ end, and the honored adults were treated to a special program cli­ maxed by a grand finale: "You Can't Take It with You," a play produced, directed and performed Below: USC's Bell Camp recreation area was another site for learning for by students and counselors. the SU RP ASS group. Bottom: Students take a study break at Bell Camp. In the academic portion of the summer period, students researched topics of their own choosing. A large group of the youngsters chose subjects dealing with the history of their hometowns, and many of their articles subsequently appeared in hometown newspapers, under the author's by-line. In digging up the historical information needed for the papers, students became acquainted with the vast resources available at the university's McKis­ sick Library and South Caroliniana Library. Some students used micro­ film copies of old newspapers. Others read old family records and dusty manuscripts. In special interest groups, stu­ dents discussed subjects which per­ haps only two members were in­ terested in. Others participated in team sports, visited art museums and scientific points of interest. Students participating in the computer science program learned to program instruments to play such games as "3 by 3" pawns and salvo. One student programmed the computer to find all prime numbers below 2,000. With the aid of Rep. Mendel Rivers (D-SC), the SURPASS group toured the Polaris submarine James Monroe, anchored in the Charleston Naval Shipyard. This field trip was one of several enjoyed by the youths. In a special photographic session, students took pictures, then en­ tered the dark room to develop and print their own film. After develop­ ing the first roll, many students continued to use their cameras as much as possible, to gain adeptness as photographers.

18 Sand lap per "The counselors did a great deal of the actual teaching," explained Brasington. He added that their subject matter "wasn't the special­ ized kind," but the things students learn through observing other stu­ dents. The youngsters really learned through imitative behavior." The counselors-three girls and three boys-lived, worked, and played with the students. They taught the students the best methods for studying, and encour­ aged them to study immediately after playing. "I think more than anything else they showed the kids they could have fun dancing and playing," said Brasington, "but they knew when to come in to study. After having a good time, they would come in and grab the books and prepare for the next day's lessons." But did the program succeed in its basic aims? That is the big ques­ tion facing both the university fac­ ulty and staff members responsible Above: Dr. Thomas Jones, USC for the program and the students president, was one of the fea­ who participated in it. If a survey tured speakers for SURPASS. of the students taken by Brasington Right: Weekly luncheons were part of the month-long program. gives any indication of the pro­ gram's success, then the answer is an enthusiastic and unqualified "Yes." Among the reasons that students consistently gave for recommending SURPASS were: "the priceless ex - perience" it offers as well as "the learning environment," and "the universal fellowship" received from the program. As one girl commented, "Even if I had made no academic progress, I would be happy with my social growth." Another participant found that "First impressions can be entirely opposite from what people are really like. I was dead wrong about some people who turned out to be my best friends." And another summed up what most students seemed to believe, "We're doing too much, too hard, too fast-but don't stop."

Patsy Oliver is from Columbia.

February 1970 19 Fire Talking Wo.znan BY HELEN MARY FENNINGER

n the enchantment of early twi­ were drifting in from the fields, sit­ Cummings first learn to talk fire? light we drove to visit an en­ ting to rest under the shade of trees Was it when she was a little girl? I chantress. Such was my thought in the backyard. Beyond the barn a How was the gift discovered? as we traveled to the Joyce Branch mule brayed. She smiled at the rapid question­ section of Aiken County. "He's lonesome," Mrs. Cum­ ing. "Oh, no," she said, "I wasn't a I did not know what we would mings laughed. "They've brought in little girl. My grandfather, William find at the end of our trip, except the other mules and he doesn't like Johnson, taught me to talk fire. I the culmination of a long-desired it out there alone." didn't even know he knew how. wish on my part. I was to meet a For years I had heard stories of But Floyd [her son] had burned his fire-talking woman. "Miss Adrena," the fire-talking feet bad and I carried him to A few days earlier I had phoned woman, and had formed a mental church and grandpa talked the fire Mrs. Homer Cummings, who knows image of what she would be like. I out." "how to talk the fire out," and pictured a tall, intense woman with "Was this a part of the service or asked if she would be willing to tell an air of mystery about her. I was something of that sort?" I asked. me about it. very wrong. "No, nothing like that. Floyd "Certainly, come on out," she My strongest impression on was a little boy about three or four said. "I'll try to tell you anything I meeting Mrs. Cummings was her re­ years old and he was rolling a tire in can." laxed manner. A quiet woman, with the yard. It got away from him. For some years I had known Mrs. a soft, pleasant voice, she radiated Well, like most young ones, he Cummings' son, Floyd, and his calm control. Here, I felt, was a darted after it but he ran through daughter, Sandra, now a student at person completely at peace with the hot ashes left from the wash­ Howard University. Sandra agreed herself and others. pot. He was barefooted. On Sunday to pose for pictures with her grand­ Several of her grandchildren were at church I told grandpa about mother and, with these arrange­ playing in the front yard. She asked Floyd's burns and he said, 'I'll talk men ts made, we arrived at the them to bring chairs from the porch the fire out. Then I'll teach you and Cummings' farm. for us. The children played, and, in two days you talk the fire out The house was surrounded by while waiting for Sandra to arrive, I again and he won't suffer any pain.' broad level acres of cotton. Workers asked questions: When did Mrs. "So there at Ocean Grove

20 Sandlapper -Photos by W.R. Tyson

Church, when I was about 26 or 27, wondering why that little one was could." grandpa taught me and I've been so much better." ''Then we won't wait for fire-talking ever since. I've talked Mrs. Cummings continued, "You Sandra," I said, and lit a cigarette the fire out for many people-both mustn't think fire-talking will take and held it against the side of my colored and white." away the sores. The sores will stay left little finger. "How did your grandfather learn and have to heal up. But it will take One of the children offered some fire-talking?" out the heat and the pain." astute advice. "You'll hurt your­ "I don't know," Mrs. Cummings "Can anyone talk the fire out?" I self," she said. The children didn't said. "He never told me." questioned. know whether to giggle or goggle so One of the granddaughters shyly "I'm not sure. I guess they could they did a bit of both. Miss Adrena suggested, "Tell about the little girl if they were taught." watched me quietly, her hands at the hospital, Mamma Eenie." I asked if she knew of any fire­ folded in her lap. "All right. I was visiting a friend talkers other than herself. "No," When I could stand the pain no at the hospital," Mrs. Cummings she replied, "not around here I longer, I stuck out my hand. "Now said, "and I heard of a little child, don't." what do you want me to do?" burned bad. I went in to see her. Suddenly struck by a moment of "Come sit over here, please." She was under sort of a tent and I unknown courage, I stood up. I walked over and sat in the chair sat down and talked the fire out. I "Mrs. Cummings, if I were burned, next to her. Gently she took my didn't know the child. Next day, I could you talk the fire out?" hand and looked intently at the went back to see my friend again, She looked at me with warm fiery red mark. Then, continuing to and all the doctors and nurses were brown eyes. "Yes, I believe I stare unwaveringly at the burn, she

February 1970 21 "Miss Adrena" Cummings simu­ lates the fire-talking ritual us­ ing her granddaughter, Sandra, a student at Howard University. moved her lips silently. I judge she burn. There was no pain. health. Can you find a correlation uttered about three short sentences. First thing next morning I again there?" With the forefinger of her right touched the burn. It did not hurt. I "None," was the blunt reply. hand she traced two small circles in rubbed it, very hard, but still no "Psychiatrists become qualified the air just over the burn. Cabalistic pain. That I had burned myself was through long years of study and symbolism, I wondered? Lastly, she most evident but the fact remained, professional training." blew softly on the burned finger. it did not hurt. It took a couple of I said no more. I couldn't think The ritual took little more than a weeks for the swollen red circle to of a good comeback for that re­ minute. disappear. mark. But later I told a practicing "Is that all there is?" I asked. A physician, upon hearing the psychologist about the fire-talking "That's all." story, said I should have burned a incident. I studied my finger. Already a finger on each hand and had Miss "It's possible," he said. "Of small blister was beginning to form. Adrena treat only one burn. course, it's a form of hypnosis." "You were saying actual words, "I didn't think of running a con­ "Well," I said heatedly, "I cer­ weren't you, Mrs. Cummings?" trolled experiment," I said. "Be­ tainly wasn't hypnotized." "Yes," she said, "but I've never sides, I've had many cigarette burns "You can be hypnotized and not told them to anyone but my son, and oven burns and I know the pat­ know it," he told me. Floyd. He can talk fire a little. I tern they follow. They hurt awhile, Perhaps I was hypnotized on that can't teach another woman and I blister, then during the night the quiet evening in the country. If so, can't teach a man who is older than blister breaks and the next day the it was a most unique trance. I was I am to fire-talk. That's what my burn is sore and oozing and it hurts aware of the constant braying of grandfather told me." terribly when I put my hand in hot the "lonesome mule" and of the We chatted for a few more min­ water. I had none of this when Mrs. youngest grandchild hunting for utes, then said our goodbyes. Driv­ Cummings talked the fire out." eggs by the front porch. Conscious, ing back to town I commented, The doctor shrugged slightly as I too, of the beautiful hydrangeas "Miss Adrena should have given me continued. "Could there be a blooming everywhere and wonder­ a second treatment. My finger hurts pyschological side to it? For ex­ ing secretly why I couldn't even like sixty and it's really blistering ample, look at the many people grow weeds of any stature. now." who undergo psychotherapy. They I am a strong believer in faith. I had been home about 45 min­ do nothing but talk. They are given The facets of faith are many. I am utes when I realized my finger no medication. The psychiatrist not a believer in magic. Or am I? didn't hurt. I looked at it. The says little, allowing the patient blister was gone. The skin was not ultimately to answer his own ques­ Helen Fenninger is a free-lance broken. Gingerly I touched the tions and, in so doing, regain his writer from Aiken.

22 Sand lap per A business that began with scraps

Left: Biz Campbell (left) and Claire O'Brien apply colorful felt designs to a luggage rack. Below: Mrs. Campbell with samples of Pixie Products.

~!

BLl Eva G. KeLl

he desire of two ladies to earn a our homes," they thought, "so why little pocket money at home shouldn't there be an outside Tlaunched a unique home in­ market?" dustry at Oak Grove Plantation, The venture, known as Pixie home of the W.A. Campbell Jr. Products, started in the den of Biz family at Sheldon, South Carolina. Camp bell's home with the pro­ When "Biz" (Mrs. W.A. Jr.) duction of two items; a burlap­ Campbell and her sister-in-law, Mrs. covered wastebasket upon which Colin Camp bell, began seeking an was applied colorful felt designs, outlet for their artistic talent and and a "drizzle bonnet" their trade creative ability back in 1961, they name for a rain hat the idea being got out their scrap bags and started to fabricate artistic items which re­ snipping and sewing. tain a country-crafted look and "We sew for our children and for which typify the Low-Country

February 1970 23 At right: Claire O'Brien (left) and Biz Campbell inspect tote bags before shipping. Below: a luggage rack, one of the best selling handcrafted items from Pixie Products.

-Photos by Bob Carpenter environment in which they are produced. Before long their items for home and office were being sold in a Beaufort gift shop. Shortly there­ after, a sample wastebasket was sent to a famous Northern specialty shop and an order arrived for a dozen exact duplicates of the con­ tainers. "We just didn't know anything about running a business. We were flabbergasted for neither of us could recall the exact design of that sample wastebasket," Biz Campbell recalls. "We put our heads together and snipped, stewed and worked on into the night until we finally came up with what we thought was the correct design. From that time on we have kept a file of all designs and a copy of all orders filled, for whom, and where they went." When the business outgrew the den, it expanded to a remodeled cottage in Biz Campbell's backyard. Here on the bank of the Pocataligio River, the tranquillity of porpoises playing in the river and mocking­ birds singing in the live oaks belies the frantic interior of the structure with its humming of sewing ma­ chines, snipping of scissors and rap­ As the business increased and the "Was I astonished when I walked ping of hammers as items are pre­ ladies saw the need to spend more into an exclusive gift shop in San pared for shipment to gift shops time creating unusual products and Francisco and there right in front from coast to coast. overseeing shop work, the services of me was one of Biz' pretty waste­ At present, Biz Campbell and of sales representative Carl Schieren baskets. Made me feel right at Claire (Mrs. Robert) O'Brien of were acquired to show samples of ho me- and real proud," she Ridgeland are sole owners of the their wares to gift shops along the quipped. expanding business. Much of their Atlantic seaboard. At least five Biz Campbell is a perfectionist time is spent dreaming up ideas for mail-order gift shops and exclusive who demands that each of her de­ hand-decorated items to add to New York firms, such as Aber­ signs be precise in detail. For ex­ their growing line of products- -a crombie and Fitch and Edith Chap­ ample, when the heads of quail on line which already includes luggage man, now handle their products. her product decorations did not im­ racks, belts, desk pads, telephone Biz Campbell was delighted with press her as sufficiently resembling book covers, a variety of clocks, log the recent report from one of her the birds she had seen in the wild, carriers and children's hand-finished Beaufort friends who had just she arranged with noted artist­ smocks. returned from a trip to California. ornithologist John Henry Dick to

24 Sand lapper execute the designs, which were taught to cover wastebaskets with When asked about the possi­ then cut out of felt. burlap and to prepare them for bilities of other South Carolina At first, all fabric cutting at Pixie hand decoration. He works each wives and homemakers starting a Products was done by hand. The afternoon after school to prepare creative business in their homes, decorative designs are still handcut, these items which are later deco­ Mrs. Campbell and Mrs. O'Brien but a cutting machine has been in­ rated with a variety of designs and are emphatic that anyone with an stalled for cutting strips and other sold by the thousands all across the original idea for a useful, attractive large background fabrics. country. product can find a market for it. The large volume of orders has Clients frequently inquire about "The catch is that you must be necessitated that several women the origin of the name, Pixie Prod­ willing to work hard, fill all orders from nearby Sheldon be employed ucts. According to Biz, "We had a with uniform products and keep to fill orders. "Sometimes it is Boxer named Pixie whom we all on planning and working ahead." necessary to work around the clock loved and our first rain hat or to keep up with rush orders," Biz drizzle bonnet was shaped like a Camp bell explained. Even a local pixie's hat. So the name just came Eva G. Key is a free-lance writer youth, Michael Dash, has been to us naturally." from Mount Pleasant.

February 1970 25 -Photo by Alt-Lee Photographers

ave you ever seen a dream come Ah ONE, Ah TWO ... true? Well, we have-a seem­ Hingly impossible dream made accomplished fact by people in The Red Stockings Revue Columbia, South Carolina. Each day and night for two weeks in February you will find Makes Dreams Come True Columbia area housewives, secre­ taries, nurses, businessmen, teachers, legislators, and even a few professional performers, rehearsing for Red Stockings Revue of 1970. By Jerine Smith The grease paint is coming out, the costumes, props and scenery are be­ ing readied, the orchestra is tuning up. Under the direction of a New

26 Sandlapper York producer-director, these people will put together a fast­ moving, entertaining show-bringing enjoyment to the entire family (no X rating here) and ultimately benefit­ t in g Happy Time Community Center. Happy Time-what an appro­ priate name for this special little school. The happy faces of children who a few years ago had very little to smile about bespeaks the love and devotion bestowed upon them by the faculty and by members of Columbia's Junior Woman's Club. Fifteen years ago a group of young women learned that there was no place in the city of Columbia which could offer help to an edu­ cable retarded child. These ladies put their heads together and came up with the dream of a school with specially trained teachers and equip­ ment that would answer the needs of a mentally retarded child. They suc­ ceeded in laying the groundwork, building the school and staffing it with skilled teachers completely devoted to their young charges. Other Columbia civic groups joined in the project with financial help. Then the problem arose as to how such a school could be main­ tained year after year with the im­ provements and additions that it would need. Thus an annual ex­ travaganza was born in Columbia. Red Stockings, which began in 1961, has presented some $62,000 to Happy Time. Aside from that, though, the guidance and love given these children through their teachers, through the Junior Woman's Club and, most especially, through the generosity and con­ tinued support of merchants and citizens of Columbia, is the most wonderful gift of all. Yes, we've seen a dream come true-and you will too when you come to the Red Stockings Revue of 1970, to be presented at the Dreher High School Auditorium on February 19-21. In fact, you will see several "dreams" walking ... talking, dancing and singing.

Jerine Smith is from Columbia.

February 1970 ~ 1# · -""'·- - t,C'!' . Below: Pronce, a copper-eyed white male, is ready for ou don't have to be a dog lover judging at his first show. Cats are groomed to perfection to know that there are many by their exhibitors for the careful inspection of the judges. Ydifferent breeds of dogs. Even -Photos by Jackie Odom tiny tots know collies, boxers, poodles and cocker spaniels. But do you know how many breeds and color varieties the cat world en­ compasses? Roughly, they may be divided into two groups-longhair and shorthair, but called by most people Persian and common cats, or worse yet, alley cats. Come with me to a cat show, because it is probably the only place you will ever see some of the breeds. Even if you don't especially care for cats, you will admire the beauty on display. If you arrive early enough on Saturday morning, the entrance to the National Guard Armory in Columbia will resemble an airport with passengers and luggage waiting in line. A closer inspection will reveal that each piece of luggage is well ventilated and each holds a fur piece-on the foot, so to speak. This is a cat carrier. Not having luggage yourself, you will be al­ lowed to go to the head of the line and purchase your ticket for $1. School-age children will be ad­ mitted for 50 cents and pre­ schoolers will be admitted free of charge. You will then discover that the hold-up in line is a veterinarian, who is carefully examining each cat before it is allowed into the show­ room. He checks for ear mites, any sign of contagious disease and takes temperatures. Regardless of the number of ribbons a cat may have First-Class won, it is turned down if not in A-1 condition. Too many valuable cats will be on display for any chances to be taken. You will note that the Felines doctor is very careful to disinfect his hands after handling each cat. If you are really interested in learning what's going on, you must purchase a program which lists each cat with all its vital statistics. It By Jackie Odom may not mean much at first, but you will be able to identify each cat by looking up its number in a list of the entries.

28 Sand lapper Left: Exhibitors wait while one group of cats is being judged in the ring. Below left: Morningside Jinnah, an Abys­ sinian, responds to a friendly scratch. Below: Mrs. Robert Milling grooms Pur Puf N Muffin for the show ring.

You may decide, for the sake of careful and take no chances. On When the cage is comfortable follow-through, to watch one ex­ three sides she will hang curtains, and well-screened from other en­ hibitor as she or he (you will be often made from material printed tries, the exhibitor will place her amazed at the number of male ex­ with pictures of cats or kittens, and cat inside. Once her entry is taken hibitors) enters with a carrier. usually of a color to enhance her care of, she will spend her time Each entry is assigned a number cat's appearance. The curtains are grooming it ( or them, if she has and cages have been set up on not merely for looks but serve to more than one), greeting old tables on one side of the armory. eliminate drafts and screen entries friends, looking over the compe­ The exhibitor walks down each from each other. Most cats do not tition and listening for her cat's aisle until she finds the cage bearing take to strange people and may be­ number to be called to the show her cat's number. come very excited by the sight of ring. You, too, will want to see the First she will wipe the wires of entries in adjoining cages. A rug, competition though you will have the cage with a piece of cloth and sometimes a pillow if the cat is little idea of how it is to be judged. dampened with alcohol. Although fond of one, is placed on the bot­ A stroll around the showroom the cages have been steam-cleaned tom of the cage. Each cage is fur­ will cause you to draw in your before being brought to the show nished with a sandbox and a con­ breath at the royalty displayed, to room, exhibitors are extremely tainer for water. laugh at the antics of the born

February 1970 29 actors and to feel your heart con­ the rug. Frantic wails tell you that alleys. In the adjoining cage is a tract at the sight of a frightened one entry is loudly protesting com­ snow-white cat which makes you kitten at its first show. You will peting for honors or ribbons-he'd wonder. You may assume that it is find it difficult to restrain yourself rather be back home. No amount of either a freak or has met with an from touching them, but doing so is coaxing will bring him to public accident because it has no tail. It is a showroom taboo. It may be for view, but your program will inform a Manx and was born tailless. your own safety as well as the cat's, you that hidden beneath the rug is Though some have very short tails, because some cats do bite and there a Siamese kitten. Another kitten, the standard says that a true Manx is also danger of your transmitting a not so shy, extends a paw from its has only a small depression where disease from your cat back home. cage, begging you to play with it. the tail should be. Being handled by strangers some­ One beautiful cream longhair draws On down the row is another times upsets these high-strung ani­ a crowd as he energetically chases a shorthair with seal-brown fur. He is mals, making it impossible for ball, all but upsetting his cage. a very intelligent-looking animal either their exhibitors or the judges Tiring of that, he looks about for with amber eyes. This is the rather to handle them. A cat which cannot another recreation. The only things rare Burmese. Closely akin to it is the Abyssinian with a coat resem­ bling that of a wild rabbit. The hair is ticked or banded with three shades of brown. This cat, too, has amber eyes. You will recognize the Siamese cats-or some of them. You may not know that there are a number of different kinds-the seal point, chocolate point, blue point, lilac point and red point. However, that longhair that so resembles a Sia­ mese in every other respect is a Himalayan. An odd-looking cat which truly appears to have just come from the beauty parlor is a Rex, with deep

Left: An observant photographer captured the serene Top: expression of th is white Persian. Below: Teenker Cats, Bell, a Himalayan seal point, in his first show. wait- be handled does not have an equal in reach are his ribbons, earned in chance in the show ring with other other shows, hanging temptingly cats. from the wire. The cat gives one a If you have taken a camera, you few pats, then pulls it into his cage should be careful to ask permission and bats it about. Surely it must be before snapping pictures with a good for something. flash. Some cats are very sensitive One exhibitor has modestly par­ to the flash and exhibitors will ask titioned her entry's sandbox with a that they not be used. Especially is curtain. Another displays a unique this true in the show ring when a curtain and cage cover made from judge is handling a cat. Some ex­ multiple ribbons won by her cats. hibitors will be very cooperative Continuing around the room, and even remove their cats from the you will see cats that, to the un­ cages to be photographed, but you trained eye, will appear to be what should consider that the folks are you may call common house cats. very busy and will not have time to Some are probably domestic ( or do this for every photographer pass­ American) shorthairs. However, the ing by. shorthair cat with bluish-gray fur is One cage may appear empty but a special breed-a Russian Blue. you will notice a large lump under You won't find him roaming back

30 eyes are wiped clean and powder is telling the winner's exhibitor; you shaken into the fur and brushed out need only watch the faces. One to remove all trace of dirt. To you, exhibitor once fainted dead away the cat already looked perfect but when her entry was judged best. the exhibitor knows that the judge The show will probably have will not miss a thing. more than a hundred entries with Soon you will hear the master of a few less exhibitors. They will ceremonies announcing over the come from Maryland, Georgia, Vir­ loud speaker: "Kittens are now ginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, being judged in ring one. Please Florida as well as South Carolina. take your entry to ring one." He There will be three or four rings will then call the numbers of all and each entry may be judged in kittens to be judged in that class. all four. In order to be declared Exhibitors respond immediately, best cat in the show, a cat would removing their kittens from the have to be judged best in at least cages and giving them one last three of the four rings. Each judge fluff as they carry them to the may decide on a different cat as show ring. best in her ring or all four could Each ring is equipped with a choose the same. semi-circle of numbered cages, a Because cats shed much of their long table on which sits a pan of fur during spring and summer disinfectant, a pile of disposable months, most shows are scheduled towels, a mound of ribbons of during fall and winter. Show dates every color, and a book. A judge for the Palmetto Cat Club's 13th presides, assisted by a clerk. A sign Annual Championship Show are on the table gives an idea of the Feb. 7-8, 1970. Closing date for en­ difficulty of the judge's job: tries is 30 days previous and any cat "When I'm right, no one remem­ in good health is eligible. It does bers; when I'm wrong, no one not have to be registered to enter forgets." You read it and realize the household pets division. that her job is not always appre­ Application forms may be ob­ ciated as exhibitors find it im­ tained by writing to Mrs. Elizabeth possible to agree when their cat is J. Gibson, 2858 Stratford Drive, not chosen. Columbia, South Carolina 29204; ·ene Top: Kalayli Cotton Candy, a rare Burmese. Above: When each kitten has been or Mrs. Walter B. Whiddon, 6142 1ker Cats are inspected in the show ring while exhibitors placed in the proper cage, the Crabtree Road, Columbia, South 10w. wait-some nervously, others with apparent calm. judge approaches one, removes the Carolina 29204. occupant and takes it to the table. Once the judging gets underway, waves in its coat. It is very rare, one She checks it for color of eyes, you will be pulled between show of the newest breeds. texture and color of fur, cleanli­ rings, trying to do the impossible­ When speaking of the Parti-Color ness and a number of things which watch four rings at once. It will be (until recently known as Tortoise­ probably only judges know about. better to observe one while an shell), you need never ask its sex Some will explain what they are entire class is judged, then move to because males are almost non­ doing, calling attention to good the next ring. existent. One cat book states that points. She then places the kitten A canteen will be conveniently there is only one known male in the back in its cage and carefully dis­ close by and there will be a break United States. infects her hands before handling for lunch. However, the judging will After making several rounds of the next entry. continue into the evening and until the room, you will stop to watch as Out front, the chairs are filled about noon the second day. Unless an exhibitor grooms her cat, and with exhibitors sitting on the edge you are an exhibitor, you will prob­ you will probably ask questions. of their seats. Their expressions ably leave sometime during the first Most exhibitors will gladly explain will tell you when their cat is be­ afternoon, but even so, you will what they are doing and why. Many ing judged. almost surely be back the following have brought the cat's beauty aids The judge has a difficult job year-maybe standing in line with a in a cosmetic kit or small suitcase. and shows it by walking back and piece of luggage of your own. They are stocked with combs, forth between the cages before brushes, powder, nail clippers, finally placing the ribbons on Jackie Odom is a free-lance writer cotton swabs and towels. Ears and them. There is seldom any trouble from Norway.

February 1970 31 South Carolinians were honored n 1957, landscape architect Robert by Mrs. Richard M. Nixon last fall Marvin was commissioned to redesign when she presented a national land­ I scaping award to the Broad Street the grounds and parking area of the Branch of Charleston's Citizens & Southern National Bank of South Queen St'reet branch of the Charleston Carolina. Also honored were Robert E. Marvin, the landscape Citizens and Southern Bank. His work architect, and Isaiah Crosby of gained himself and the bank national at­ Wildwood Landscape Contractors, both of Walterboro. tention the next year,when the parking A key to the city, made of ca­ mellias from Magnolia Gardens, was lot was chosen as one of the 10 top win­ presented to the First Lady by Kathy Lane, 16, and Jennie Sum­ ners 1n the national "Plant America" merall, 10. The young girls, dressed contest conducted by the American in costumes of the 1790 period, gave a special invitation to Mrs. Association of Nurserymen for Industrial Nixon to visit South Carolina dur­ ing the Tricentennial celebration. and Institutional Landscaping. Since The C & S Bank bought the old then, Citizens and Southern banks 1n building at 50 Broad St. in 1966 and restored it as offices for the Spartan burg, Anderson and Sumter, as trust department. Built for the Bank of South Carolina in 1 798, it well as other branches in Charleston have is believed to be the oldest bank building in the United States cur­ been landscaped by Marvin. rently in use as a banking office. His landscapes for the banks are, how­ In the basement is the Hunley Museum, a branch of the Charles­ ever, only a token of his work and in­ ton Museum. The main exhibit is a full-scale reproduction of the Con­ terests. federate submarine Hunley, a gift for the people of South Carolina from the bank. The small under­ water craft made history in Charles­ ton Harbor on Feb. 1 7, 1864, when it became the first submarine to ROBERT sink a ship in combat. Landscape has been an important part of the restoration. The de­ signer, Robert E. Marvin, was faced EARLE with a challenge because the garden area, small and narrow, serves as an approach to the museum in the basement. In order to avoid the tunnel-like effect of a steep de­ MARVIN scent, he planned the garden on three levels with shallow steps. Tall loquats and crape myrtles were used, as well as camellias, azaleas, trailing gardenias, and Confederate jessa­ Landscape Architect mine. A small pool and fountain were developed as a focal point. The space that only a few years ago Evelyn M. Bennett was a dusty driveway is now a re-

32 Sandlapper Robert Marvin's Landscaping of the Broad Street Branch of the Citizens & Southern National Bank at Charleston Wins a National A ward

By Dorothy S. Debnam freshing oasis on a busy downtown street corner. An old well was uncovered on the east side of the building while excavation for the basement level exit of the museum was being made. It dates back to colonial days and historians believe that it was a part of an early fire-fighting system in the old walled city. Marvin used the well as a feature of the design of this area. The entire plan for 50 Broad St. illustrates how land­ scaping can make a dramatic im­ provement even though limited to a small space. The Judges A ward of the Land­ scape Program of the American Association of Nurserymen was created this year especially for the C & S project, which was described as "so outstanding that it deserved special recognition." It was chosen as the best among 152 projects entered in nationwide competition, not only because of the remarkably ness offices date from the 18th already been restored and im­ good planting design and execution, century and there are also on the proved, and trees are being planted. but also because the successful street many fine examples of com­ All of this activity reaffirms what project inspired an impressive four­ mercial Victorian buildings. James J. Kilpatrick, editor of The block in-town restoration of one The Broad Street Beautification Richmond News-Leader has writ­ of Charleston's most historic Plan, commencing in the spring of ten: "Alone among the cities of streets. 1968, is sponsored by the Historic America, so far as this traveler is Broad Street dates from the Charleston Foundation. A sketch of aware, Charleston is renewing her­ 1670s when the first settlers laid it every building has been made show­ self from within. She is preserving out as a part of the grand model for ing recommended color. Owners the best of her old values in hous­ the walled town. It is a part of the and tenants are cooperating in ing, not because the structures are Charleston Historic District, a reg­ repainting in the suggested har­ old, but because they are values. istered national historic landmark. monious colors and also by remov­ Yet the venture is much more than On it are nationally important ing large signs and replacing them mere preservation. Charleston is buildings such as St. Michael's with signs suitable for an old and adapting the past to the present; Church, the cornerstone of which historic street. she is putting the conservation was laid in 1752; the Court House, Power lines have been replaced doctrine to its best and purest use." 1792; and the Exchange Building, underground and old gaslamps have 1767. Many buildings used as busi- been installed. Many buildings have Dorothy Debnam is from Charleston.

February 1970 33 A dusty driveway beside the Broad Street Branch of Charleston's C & S Bank was converted by Architect Marvin into a re­ freshing oasis. The narrow three-level garden serves as an approach to the Hunley Museum in the basement of the bank.

Robert Earle Marvin is a soft. and developed an appreciation for wrapped burlap around one of the spoken, modest man, reluctant to the simplicity and order of nature. plantation workers until they acknowledge the part he has played Many happy hours were spent thought he was the right size. Then in making the advantages of land­ roaming the woods and river, hunt­ they measured him and built the scape design available to the small­ ing and fishing. Wild turkeys, foxes, pillars. home owner. Homeowners of this alligators, deer and wildcats were A graduate of Clemson in 1942 decade have often been unable to familiar sights. with a degree in horticulture, he afford elaborate gardens because of "I don't know of many things served in the Army until 1945 and lack of space and because main­ more beautiful than early morning was discharged with the rank of tenance is too expensive. Marvin when the sun shines through the captain. When he returned to his has shown through his landscape mists on the river," Robert Marvin native Colleton County he joined designs for homes over the state said, as he relaxed at the end of a his father in the operation of Wild­ that where there is planned inte­ working day on the patio of his wood Nursery in Walterboro. gration of indoors and outdoors, Walterboro home. "That's when the The years following World War II there is also a great increase in fishing is good, too. Many mornings brought the beginning of badly working and living space which, in­ I was on the river by daylight to needed industrial expansion to cidentally, is easy to maintain. In a fish before time to go to school. I South Carolina. The state was on slide lecture prepared at the request know that growing up in the the move. Influx of industry of the Garden Clubs of South Caro­ country has caused me to realize brought a higher standard of living lina, Marvin asked, "Why buy a how much people need direct con­ with demands for more housing, 20,000 square-foot lot and live tact with living and growing more stores, more hospitals, more within four walls of a 2,000 square things." schools, more community services. foot house?" This lecture is avail­ One of Marvin's favorite stories is As he traveled over the state on able for use by clubs in South Caro­ about the brick pillars of Bonnie nursery business, Marvin became lina. Information about it may be Doane. When he was a little boy, aware that changes were taking obtained from his office in Walter­ Innocenti and Webbel, a New York place, often literally overnight. boro. landscaping firm, landscaped the Bulldozers cleared land for sub­ During his childhood on Bonnie grounds of the plantation and built di vis ions which were frequently Doane Plantation on the banks of the pillars at the entrance to the poorly planned, devoid of side­ the Ashepoo River, Marvin grew to plantation. They couldn't decide walks, drainage, trees, grass and love the fields, rivers and swamps how big to make them, so they parks, or any open spaces to be

34 Sandlapper trolled urban growth, Marvin com­ activities, standard zoning, unifying menced a long- range plan to use police and fire protection, and com­ every opportunity available to munications. Regional councils are educate the public to the necessity usually operated by mayors, coun­ of sound community planning. Of cilmen, or other city and town of­ this plan he comments: "One of the ficials, who apply home rule in major problems affecting this local matters and regional decisions country today is the rapid change on area-wide problems. being made in our environment by Pursuing his plan, Marvin ac­ the increase in population and by cepted an invitation in 1961 to par­ industrial expansion. Can you be­ ticipate in a landscape appraisal lieve that by the year 2000, accord­ school sponsored by the University ing to estimates of the Bureau of of South Carolina. The school's suc­ Census, the population of the cess led to invitations to take part United States will have increased in similar schools at the universities from 195 million to 322 million? of Mississippi, Miami and Georgia. And today, we are changing the Invitations to lecture took him to face of the land at the rate of 3,000 Washington, D.C., Tennessee, Mis­ acres a day." sissippi, Georgia, North Carolina South Carolina, Marvin believes, and towns and cities in his own faces an environmental dilemma. state. Industrial expansion is needed and Marvin recalls: "Every time I welcomed. Homes, schools, stores, taught or lectured I urged my libraries, hospitals and highways are audience to act now to set up long­ -Photos by Dewey Swain needed, but the construction re­ range community planning boards. quired needs emphasis on local and Technology in recent years has regional planning. Regional plan­ brought marvelous advances in used for recreation, relaxation and ning is a term heard more and more meeting the physical needs of man, exposure to nature. Shopping often. In the past year over 100 but our emotional, spiritual and in­ centers were being built, sur­ voluntary councils have been set up tellectual needs are not being met. rounded by bare, utilitarian parking in the United States. "Nation's We need comfort in our environ­ lots; highways were growing un­ Business" (February 1967) predicts ment, air conditioning, good light­ sightly; waste was beginning to pol­ that by the end of the year another ing, good roads, automobiles, elec­ lute the air and waters. Unplanned 100 large cities will form councils trical appliances, but we must also growth was beginning to result in with adjoining counties and sub­ have clean air, clean water, grass, urban sprawl and its problems of urban areas. trees, and areas for recreation. We crowdedness, harsh and bare living Regional planning councils are need an integration of all our needs areas, lack of open spaces, and based on the fact that we are be­ in our environment." crime. coming increasingly urban with Community planning, Marvin In 1946 Marvin enrolled in the problems which are not limited by believes, will have to be done by School of Landscape Architecture city, county and state lines. Re­ multi-discipline teams. Such a team at the University of Georgia. In gion al organizations are usually might be composed of politicians, 1947 he returned to Walterboro voluntary, but in some cases, such businessmen, civic leaders, archi­ and opened his office of landscape as the metropolitan governments of tects and landscape architects, design. Later that year he married Miami-Dade County in Florida, and artists, sociologists, engineers and Anna Lou Carrington of Winder, Nashville-Davidson County in Ten­ professional men, depending on the Georgia. One need know Anna Lou nessee, they may be nonoptional size and purpose of the project. The Marvin only a short time to see that with tax - levying power. Generally South Carolina State Capitol Build­ she shares her husband's interest in they are not political and do not ing Complex in Columbia, proposed his work. They have two children: assume powers of government. by Gov. Robert McNair, is an ex­ Earle, a sophomore at Montreat They perform advisory service, re­ ample of what team planning can College, and Alta Mae, a high search and planning, and are likely do. Architects, landscape architects school senior. A couple with widely to be concerned with air, water and and traffic engineers worked as a varied interests, Robert and Anna noise pollution, sewerage and waste team from the inception of the Lou are good company, and an disposal, water supplies, docks, project, drawing up plans which evening spent with them is bound housing, schools, hospitals and li­ will provide badly needed govern­ to be an interesting one. braries which serve regions rather ment office space, underground Realizing the dangers of uncon- than neighborhoods, recreational parking areas, and vehicular and

February 1970 35 Left: Entrance to the Hunley Museum. Marvin's landscaping design transformed an eyesore into an appealing garden.

pedestrian control in a setting positive way to the total en­ beginning with a few interested citi­ which is pleasing esthetically. vironment. zens, some of whom had attended There has been a change in the "The Highway Department has the landscape appraisal school at philosophy of government, business added a landscape architect to its the University of South Carolina. and individuals in the past two staff. According to the 'Guide and In Rock Hill, Glencairn Gardens years, Marvin reports. Directory to South Carolina Gov­ was deeded to the city in 1958 by "I am greatly encouraged," he ernment,' for 1967, there are 24 Mrs. David Bigger. It is maintained says. "I believe an enlightened pub­ municipalities with planning of­ and added to in keeping with a lic is responsible. South Carolina is ficials. Several cities are implement­ development plan begun in 1960 by fortunate to be able to plan for an ing long-range plans. Newberry and Marvin. The purpose of the gardens influx of industry. Many of the Rock Hill are examples." is threefold: to give pleasure to the industries moving into the state Newberry has begun long-range citizens of Rock Hill; to set an ex­ have built well-designed buildings construction and beautification ample and encourage better land­ with grounds which are esthetically plans directed by a community scaping in every home, institution pleasing and which contribute in a planning commission which had its and industry within the city; to

36 Sand lap per serve as a focal point around which ment.' The conclusion of the con­ healthy. I am looking forward to the city's advertising will be cen­ ference was that there is only one the time when the architect, land­ tered. Visited annually by over danger greater than the danger scape architect and engineer, work­ 150,000 persons, it is a six-acre caused America by the chaotic ing with other specialists, will help spot of quiet beauty. change in her environment, and create an environment which meets In spite of recent interest and that is self-destruction through the whole need of man, both useful concern, Marvin does not believe thermonuclear warfare. and enjoyable, esthetic and utilitar­ that the majority of people are "It is my opinion, and the ian, human and practical. I believe aware of the magnitude or urgency opinion of many scientists, archi­ we will do this in South Carolina, of the problems ahead. "In 1962," tects, conservationists, community because when people are concerned he says, "I attended a design con­ and regional planners that we can they take action. What we do now ference in Aspen, Colorado, at no longer fail to take steps to en­ will determine the kind of to­ which 26 representatives of most sure through sound planning the en­ morrow we leave our children." disciplines, both arts and sciences, vironment we must have if we are discussed the topic, 'Man's Environ- to be physically and mentally Evelyn Bennett is from Walterboro.

Above: Rock Hill's Glencairn Gardens, visited by thousands annually, was de­ veloped by Marvin. Right: Entrance to the garden and patio of the home of Dr. and Mrs. Marshall Burnett in Walter· boro, another project by Architect Marvin.

February 1970 37 .;.• : ••• : ~=: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ...... • + I -, Palmetto Quiz __ _ I ... + ··=······ ..· .. ::•!••!••:•: .. :•:•:.. :.. :••!••: :::•:•:•:•:: :: :•:•: :•:•::•:::•:•: :•:: :: :+:•:•:::::: :+: :•

1. The first national Thanksgiving in America was suggested by - - - . A. Arthur Middleton; B. George Washington; C. Henry Laurens.

2. The first fireproof building in America was designed by - - - . Let us entertain you A. William Sims; B. Robert Mills; C. Washington Allston. in Charleston, S. C. 3. The Edisto Gardens are at - - - . with swimming, fishing, golfing, A. Sumter; . B. Orangeburg; C. Charleston. historic homes, famous forts and three centuries of gardens. 4. Poet Laureate of South Carolina is - - - . A. Henry Timrod; B. Stephen Elliott; C. Archibald Rutledge.

5. The Battle of Hobkirk Hill was fought in --- . A. Kershaw County; B. York County; C. Chester County.

6. Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. A. John Rutledge; B. Jimmy Byrnes; C. John C. Calhoun.

7. Furman University is owned and operated by - - - . A. S.C. Baptist Convention; B. State of S.C.; C. Methodist Church.

8. Center of the Grand Strand resort complex is - - - . A. Georgetown; B. Folly Beach; C. Myrtle Beach.

9. The No. 1 South Carolina money crop is - - - . A. tobacco; B. soybeans; C. cotton.

10. The world's largest pigeon farm is at - - - . A. Sumter; B. Saluda; C. Summerville.

11. The Congaree River is a tributary of the - - - River system. RESIDENTIAL A. Pee Dee; B. Savannah; C. Santee. 12. Ten governors of South Carolina have come from - - - . SALES AND RENTALS A. Columbia; B. Charleston; C. Edgefield.

13. The strongest, largest, and most powerful of the early S.C. Indian COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES tribes. A. Cherokee; B. Catawba; C. Choctaw. Member of Multiple 14. "The Electric City." A. Union; B. Anderson; C. Saluda. Li sti ng Service 15. Lee County was named for - - - . A. Light Horse Harry Lee; B. Robert E. Lee; C. Edward Lee.

1400 Laurens Road ANSWERS Box 8244 - Station A 1. C 4. C 7. A 10. A 13. A Phone 803 - 239-1346 2. B 5. A 8. C 11. C 14. B Greenville, South Carolina 29607 3. B 6. A 9. A 12. C 15. B

38 Sandlapper THE RENOVATION OF THE MARION COUNTY COURTHOUSE

By Lucy McMillan Joyner \ '

Left: Side view of the Marion County Courthouse. Above and below: Interior views of the courtroom, with many original features restored or remodeled.

40 Sand lap per n aura of history emanates from the addition of several modern the Marion County Courthouse. conveniences. AIts very existence, in resto­ The present brick and stucco ration, ties its history to the future. building is the third Marion County George Santayana is quoted as say­ Courthouse. Now the building's ing, "A nation that forgets its heri­ facade is refreshed, its ironwork tage soon has none." Built in 1853, undamaged, each step bearing in the Marion County Courthouse has the intricate design the maker's been remembering its heritage for name, "Hayward Bartlett, Balti­ the last 116 years, and, particularly, more." These steps have felt the in the last three years. The 1970 tread of soldiers' boots, the swish Tricentennial celebration in South of silken antebellum skirts, the hob­ Carolina reflects not only the nailed brogans of farmers, and the change and growth of the state spiked heel pumps of modern I since the first settlement in 1670 women. The Red Shirt Riders but also the serious effort by the gathered at this courthouse to cast people to govern themselves. their vote for Wade Hampton for Today, in the tree-shaded public governor of South Carolina in square, the Marion County Court­ 1876, walking between the Federal house sits in consummate solidar­ troops that lined the walkways. Not ity, having been painstakingly re­ so long ago, children on the way stored to its antebellum beauty. home from school took pleasure in This restoration has enabled not making side trips up the stairs on Above: Wrought-iron stairs leading to the only the preservation of the build­ one side and down the stairs on the courtroom portico. Below: The court­ ing's best original features, but also other. Legend has it that to do this house faces the public square.

·~ '

February 1970 41 •

without being seen by the watchful leum, in a practical dark shade, was indication that it is a Mills building. policeman brought some kind of laid over the wide, unfinished floor An interesting item came to light magic. boards. The ground floor was reno­ when the Florence Morning News Since W.W. Sellers, in "A History vated to house the sheriff's office, published an interview with the late of Marion County, S.C.," com­ the tax collector's office, and the Miss Claudia Durant, who alleged mented that the door to the court­ offices of the auditor, the treasurer, that the same man who built the room was in the wrong place, not the county superintendent of Durant house for her father only disturbing the court by the education and the county com­ planned the courthouse and was opening and closing but by letting missioners. paid for this by her father. The in large draughts of cold air, many Doric columns and doorways en­ name of this man is now unknown. changes have taken place. The halls hance the porticos, both upstairs Not the least of the changes that have been closed in to make office and down, which have delicate have come to pass at this old court­ space and a lounge. Central heating wrought-iron balustrades. Wrought­ house is the advent of women on has taken the place of the large fire­ iron stairs curve upward to the the court scene. The witness stand, places on the ground floor and in courtroom portico. The building is a little higher than the jury box and the courtroom above. An inside reminiscent of the style of Robert a little lower than the judge's chair, vestibule was installed in the court­ Mills, with the original cross halls presented a problem, hem lines be­ room to help prevent drafts. Lino- on the ground floor, but there is no ing where they are. Called on for an

42 Sand lap per I immediate remedy to this crisis, staircase was installed in place of easel can be spotted here. This is Gault Beeson, chairman of the the original staircase leading to the the scene the Marion County Court­ county board of commissioners, third floor. Here, too, hangs a deli­ house faces. solved the problem by arranging a cate brass chandelier, a miniature of The first courthouse of Marion, a wraparound with a swinging door. those in the courtroom. commodious wooden structure, Also, rest room facilities for women The original pews, once covered built with a legislative appropri­ had to be provided. With slide rule with numberless coats of paint, ation of $5,000, was probably sit­ and tape measure, Beeson figured now sanded and restored to the uated near the south boundary of how these, plus a soundproof wall original wood, are still in use: Close the town square. It was soon out­ for the jury rooms, could be in­ examination reveals them to be of grown and sold to the Moody stalled by the elimination of an old different periods. Some are joined family who moved the structure stairway to the attic story where by mortise and tenon, some by and used it for a dwelling. court records are stored. Contractor pegs, and still others by nails. The When Robert Mills, South Caro­ for the renovations was Pierce oldest seems to be made of virgin lina architect and statistician, visited Daniel of Mullins. Charles Howle pine with its unmistakable grain Marion prior to publication in 1826 Waters of Waters Furniture Gal­ and patina. Some armrests have of his "Statistics," he found what he leries, Florence, provided decorat­ been added and some of the rolled called a beautiful new courthouse, ing services. finials on the backrests must have built of bricks of native clay made Taking a cue from the handsome been added since differences in the nearby. He mentioned that, on court original woodwork, Waters copied wood can be detected. days, the women flocked to the ~ the style of late Empire. The orig­ On Dec. 16, 1968, in a special square to trade with the peddlers. ~,,: inal wide, unfinished floorboards session of the court, the Marion Deduction leads to the date of are carpeted in an 1850 courtroom County Bar Association unveiled 1823 for this second courthouse, medallion pattern, made to order their gift to the Marion County situated on the town square ap­ by a carpet manufacturer, in Res­ Courthouse of the portraits of two proximately where the Records toration blue, a combination of distinguished Marion County circuit Building now stands, but probably light blue, dark blue and black. The judges: Lanneau Durant Lide and nearer the western edge of the walls are a shade of blue that blends Charles Albert Woods. The por­ square. Reportedly the jail was with the carpet; the woodwork, traits, painted by Miss Alicia Rhett near, too; so was the gallows, but it both original and reproduced, is of Charleston, were unveiled by was moved because of the rather painted a soft, pale gray to comple­ Miss Johanna Woods, great-great­ unpleasant atmosphere it created. ment the walls. Two large brass niece of Judge Woods, and by Wil­ Years later Robert Ripley, in his chandeliers hang from the original liam Bethea Lide, grandson of syndicated column, wrote about medallioned ceiling. The large, tall Judge Lide. the Marion jail on Liberty Street. windows of the courtroom are The public square, now the pride This second courthouse soon hung with dark blue velvet curtains of the county and such an oasis of proved too small. From the 1851 ornamented with graceful valances. beauty to tourists passing through, "Acts of the General Assembly," it Window hangings of the same was not always so. The four acres is learned that $10,000 was appro­ material and style, and smaller were covered with the natural priated "For a new court house at chandeliers, of the same style and growth of pine and oak saplings Marion ... to be paid according to period as those in the courtroom, which were an attraction to the recommendation of the report of grace each of the jury rooms and transportation of the early days. the Committees on that subject"; the judges' chambers. A delicate Mrs. Charles A. Woods changed this the 1852 acts allowed "For ad­ Korean rice straw paper covers the spot from its lowly position as "the ditional appropriations for building walls of the judges' chambers. hitching post of the county" to a court house of Marion District, two Special care was taken to repro­ restful, grass-covered area, shaded thousand five hundred dollars." duce the new woodwork in the by some of the ancient trees that Evidently the amount of $12,500 same style as the original. Doors were left for their beauty. Through was appropriated for building the were carefully copied and molding her untiring and determined efforts, courthouse. was cut to conform with the orig­ committees through the years have The present courthouse evidently inal in order to preserve the general kept and continued to beautify this was built with this $12,500 appro­ style. Period hardware and brass plot. Numbers of the camellias priation. Now the fine old structure doorknobs were made to order. The planted here are memorial gifts to graces the town's center of activity, brass doorknobs on the double en­ Marion's citizens. Azaleas bloom in reminding citizens and visitors alike trance doors are copies of the ones spring and crape myrtle in the late of Marion's heritage. on the restored Independence Hall. summer. Tourists can often be seen To complement the outside photographing this scene, and occa­ Lucy McMillan Joyner is librarian wrought-iron stairs a spiral iron sionally an artist with brush and at the Marion County Library.

February 1970 43 The romantic eras of the airplane, the automobile and the train can be seen in retrospect in a uniquely attractive museum. 1ngs• and heels

apturing the excitement of Kitty Wings and Wheels, located on Hawk in 1903, the anticipation U.S. 301 two miles south of the Cat Dover in 1909, the pride of Lake Marion Bridge, is one of the the military pilots in 1916 and the world's largest private collections of worldwide jubilation over the land­ antique airplanes. The complex of ing in Paris in the 1920s is the pur­ antique airplanes, cars, motorcycles pose of the antique airplane mu­ and engines opened on Dec. 1 7, Brenda Moulton seum at Santee, South Carolina. 196 8, commemorating the first

February 1970 45 ..

Vintage craft below, from left to right: A 1903 Wright Flyer, a 1918 S.P.A.D. VII, a 1926 Travel Air 2000, and the notorious Fokker Triplane.

flight of the Wright brothers in 1903. Over 40 planes are on display in the exhibition hangar which has recently been completed to include more planes. With the future addition of a 1909 Wright reproduction and a 1902 Wright glider, the Wings and Wheels exhibit will be the only place in the world you can see four Wright airplane reproductions to­ gether. The two Wright replicas al­ ready being exhibited at the com­ plex are the 1903 Wright brothers Flyer, which flew for 12 seconds and for 120 feet at Kitty Hawk, and the 1911 Wright EX-later -Photo courtesy of Parks, Recreation and Tourism known as the "Vin Fiz." The Vin The famous "Tin Goose," a transport plane bought by Pan American Air Lines in 1928. Fiz flew from New York to Cali­ fornia in the first transcontinental flight, the longest flight in the end of the war as a sport plane to the low -powered "flivver planes," world at that time. return military pilots; and a little including such planes as the Piper In addition to the Wright air­ red plane that no one can miss be­ Cub and the Aeronca Champion. craft, there are gliders, a 1912 Cur­ cause of the popularity brought to The American Eaglet of 1930; a tiss pusher, a S.P.A.D. S-7, a Fok­ it by the cartoon character 1931 Curtiss CW-1 Junior, which ker F-1 DR-1 better known as the Snoopy-the Fokker Tri-plane. This was used as a coyote hunter with a Red Baron special, a WACO Nine, a plane, exemplified at Wings and man riding shotgun; an Air Camper, Piper E-2 Cub, a Bleriot XI, a Wheels by a seven eighths-scale which was powered by a Model A Travel Air 2000 and a 1918 Ace. model made in Hollywood for a Ford auto engine; a build-it-your­ Classified in the Early Bird Era movie, entered battle in August self Heath Parasol; a 1931 Curtiss are such planes as the Wright 1917 and was still in use about the Wright Travel Air 12-Q and others planes, the early Curtiss "Pusher," time of the Armistice. of this era are on display. and the Bleriot XI, the first aircraft Who can speak of flying without Most of the airplanes exhibited to fly across the English Channel to immediately thinking of Charles at Wings and Wheels were restored Dover with its French builder, Lindbergh and his famous solo or built by Louis "Andy" Anderson Louis Bleriot, at the controls. flight in the 1920s. After Lind­ on his farm in Mansfield, Missouri. World War I replicas include the bergh's historic landing in Paris, He was one of the first men in S.P.A.D. VII, originally a French young men and women flocked to America to start collecting the now fighter, which was eventually flown the airports to learn to maneuver antique airplanes of the '20s and by pilots of almost every Allied the mysterious crafts. '30s. Anderson also has a large col­ nation, including Eddie Ricken­ After the 1929 stockmarket lection of aviation literature, an­ backer and Frank Luke, "The Bal­ crash, the aircraft industries had tique autos and motorcycles. The loon Buster"; a 1918 Ace, the last either to fold or to begin producing Wings and Wheels attraction came remaining Aero "Ace" built at the new and cheaper planes. Thus arose about as a result of the merger of

46 Sand lapper ~ i ,; !, 1, •, t.'., ' ·'1'.·.. ': / ft/ Vt ~ ,, //1 ii:/ • -~ .,,,;·!r-"\, \'.)

Marion and the surrounding rolling newest attractions at Wings and countryside are available. The Wheels-two reproductions of the 15-passenger plane presents flying Best Friend of Charleston. Running as it was in the 1920s, complete over two miles of track, these with the roar of the engines and a replicas of the first locomotive­ takeoff from a grass runway. The drawn train in the United States plane is piloted by Jack Marshall will take riders through a large tract who flew with Island Airline and of wooded countryside. has 1,100 hours of flying in the On Saturdays and Sundays over Ford Tri-motor. His copilot is 10 skydivers from Shaw Air Force George "Mac" Rogers of Orange­ Base and the Sumter area exhibit burg, who was a flying instructor colorful jumping from the Tri­ before trying the Tri-motor. motor. In August, visitors witnessed A second Tri-motor, which is the daring talents of Beverly smaller and seats only nine pas­ "Bevo" Howard, one of the world's sengers but has the original Ford top aerobatic pilots. Performing in seats, has been added to the col­ his Buecker Jungmeister, a 1936 Dolph D. Overton 111, owner of Wings lection. This plane, which has all German built biplane, Bevo pre­ and Wheels, with his son, Dolph IV. the original instruments on the sented the acts that won him wing engines, is on display now and national and international honors a Anderson's collection with the col­ will be readied for flying at a later few years ago. lection of Dolph Overton, a native date. Last May, Wings and Wheels of South Carolina and a Korean After flying in the Ford Tri­ sponsored a Fly-In, the largest War ace pilot. After having his col­ motor, visitors may then ride in the meeting of this nature ever held on lection spread over the country for years, Overton decided to bring it together at Santee. His purpose was to create a historical and per­ forming center of American air and land transportation. The Wings and Wheels attraction is directed by A.L. Hobgood III. A primary attraction of Wings and Wheels that cannot go over­ looked is the "Tin Goose" or the Ford Tri-motor, one of the first passenger planes operated by Pan American Air Lines in 1928. Rides in the "Tin Goose" over Lake

Right: The people-mover takes 18 per­ sons at one time through the exhibition building, stopping before each display.

February 1970 47 Above: A Curtiss JN-4 (Jenny) used to train Army pilots at Kelly Field, Texas, during World War I. Right: Capt. William T. Campbell, advisor to Wings and Wheels, with a Curtiss Jenny in Dallas after break­ ing the world loop record in 1918.

48 Above: Antique automobiles of several the East Coast. Over 130 antique tractor are on display. Some of eras are displayed at Wings and Wheels. airplanes were on hand to perform these include a 1903 Oldsmobile in the planned activities, and over reproduction, a 1939 Cadillac lim­ 250 planes landed on the grass run­ osine, a 1930 Model A Ford road­ way. Many antique airplane enthus­ ster, a 1927 Model T touring car, a iasts spent the weekend showing off 1927 Chevrolet sedan, a 1930 their airplanes and participating in Model A Ford coupe, a 1930 Model Below: Up, up and away! One of the the various flying drills. A Ford roadster pickup, a 1923 250 planes that flew to Santee for the In the "wheel" part of the ex­ Model T roadster and a 1923 Ford­ Wings and Wheels Fly-In held last May. hibitions several antique cars and a son tractor. One of America's finest cars in the 1920s, the Dusenberg, is also displayed. Persons visiting Wings and Wheels can tour the exhibition building in a people-mover. The people-mover unit holds 18 persons and takes them through the exhibition build­ ing, stopping at each plane. Special lighting effects and backdrops are I used for each plane and a taped history and story of the plane is narrated. Other conveniences for visitors include the new Kitty Hawk Restaurant, picnic tables and camp­ ing facilities. Future attractions planned include antique car rides, bridle paths, bicycle trails and an antique airplane research library. The li­ brary will house books and manuals that were used on original models. Wings and Wheels has combined the romantic eras of the airplane and the automobile to create a uniquely attractive museum. Vis­ itors can take their own flights of fancy as they relive the excitement of those eras preserved at the Wings and Wheels Museum.

Brenda Moulton is a free-lance writer from Sumter.

February 1970 49 apper1 AlO. THE CATAWBA INDIANS: THE C3. A CHARLESTON SKETCHBOOK PEOPLE OF THE RIVER. By Douglas 1796-1806. By Charles Fraser. Forty Beneath So Summers Brown. First full-length work watercolor drawings of the city and sur­ Kind a Sky on this tribe. $10. rounding country. $3.75. A24. A DUTCH FORK FARM BOY. By C5. PLANTATIONS OF THE CARO· J.M. Eleazer. Turn-of-the-century farm LINA LOW COUNTRY. By Samuel Gail­ life in the "Dutch Fork." $4.95. lard Stoney. 1964 Revision. Descriptive A40. WADE HAMPTON AND THE material, photos and floor plans of plan· NEGRO: THE ROAD NOT TAKEN. By tations dating from 1686-1878. $15. Hampton M. Jarrell. An interpretation of Dl. A C()RNER OF CAROLINA. By South Carolina's political scene from Edith Inglesby. People, customs, fauna 1865-69. $5.95. and flora of Beaufort County. $10. A41. BENEATH SO KIND A SKY: THE D2. DISCOVERING SOUTH CARO· SCENIC AND ARCHITECTURAL LINA. By Bert W. Bierer. An amateur BEAUTY OF SOUTH CAROLINA. By explorer's guide to S.C. Indian remains. Carl Julien. Over 80 photographs of S.C. $10. ]>/,ol"!}r"phs by (,ir/ Ju/,e,L homes, churches, gardens. $12.95. Jt1/rod11cllot1 by C/,t1pt1111t1 J. J,f,l/1119 D3. SCENIC SOUTH CAROLINA. By s,ni.,,,.,,..., A43. PEE DEE PANORAMA. By Carl Eugene B. Sloan. Pictorial essay covering Julien. Eighty-three scenes depicting the the entire state and supported by a con­ historic Pee Dee River region. $10. cise narrative. $6. A44. SEA ISLANDS TO SAND HILLS. D4. THE CAROLINA-CLEMSON A41 By Carl Julien. Eighty-three photographs GAME: 1896-1966. By Don Barton. The of southeastern S.C. plus a description of highlights, standout players, coaches and A2. FIRST SETTLERS OF SOUTH CAR· its topography. $10. emotional impact of the classic football OLIN A, 1670-1680. By Agnes L. Baldwin. A50. CHARLESTON GHOSTS. By clash. $6. A history of all immigrants to S.C. up Margaret Rhett Martin. Eighteen legends D6. GEORGETOWN RICE PLANTA· to 1680. A valuable booklet for research of Charleston's renowned ghosts, from TIONS. By Alberta Morel Lachicotte. A on 17th-century S.C. Paperback $1.45. the Revolution to the present. $4.95. native of the region has traced the his­ A79. THE SOUTH CAROLINA COOK tories of the existing plantations located A4. WILD FLOWERS IN SOUTH CARO· BOOK. Secrets of Southern cooking by in the most productive of the rice cul­ LINA. By Wade T. Batson. Two hundred the S.C. Extension Homemakers Council tures of the South Atlantic coast. $9. full-color photos of the 500 native plants and the Clemson Extension Home Eco, identified. $6.25. D9. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH: nomics Staff. $4.95. HILTON HEAD ISLAND IN THE CIVIL A84. SOUTH CAROLINA: A SHORT WAR. By Robert Carse. The little-known HISTORY, 1520-1948. By David D. story of the Union base off the S.C. coast Wallace. The authoritative political his· tory of the state, embodying accurate descriptions of events and leaders. $10. AlOO. RED CAROLINIANS. By Chapman J. Milling. The basic facts of Indian his· tory in the Southeast. $10. B3. DOWN THE CREEK. By Eddie Finlay. Sportsmen's adventures in field, forest and stream. $5. B4. DEEP RIVER. By Archibald Rut­ ledge. The complete collection, contain­ ing over 900 poems. $10. B5. TALES OF COLUMBIA. By Nell S. Graydon. Highlights of the capital city's history, from antebellum times through the years of Big Thursday. $6.50. B6. TALES OF EDISTO. By Nell S. Graydon. Stories from the romantic era when Edisto Island was the center of the cotton kingdom. $5.95. Bll. REFLECTIONS-THE LIGHT AND TEXTURE OF CHARLESTON. By Wil· liam H. Campbell. A brilliant new pictorial survey of Charleston's architecture. $7 .50.

50 Sand lap per /4 - BOOK STORE IK G4. GUIDE BOOK TO SOUTH CARO­ pickled okra. $4.50. ty LINA. M4. TALL HOUSES. By Elizabeth Verner Ir· , / G5. SOUTH CAROLINA WILD ANI­ Hamilton and Louise Frierson Kerr. Col­ / MALS. lection of poems dedicated to Charleston :). H4. HISTORIC CHURCHES OF people and places by two resident poets. il­ CHARLESTON. Compiled by Clifford L. $4.50. ve Legerton. In a single volume, the story of 01. BROOKGREEN GARDENS SCULP­ n- more than 80 historic churches anct syna­ TURE. By Beatrice Gilman Proske. De­ gogues in the Charleston area. $7 .50. tails of sculpture in Brookgreen Gardens and biographical data on the sculptors. :y Jl. GHOSTS OF THE CAROLINAS. By $6.95. ta Nancy and Bruce Roberts. Photograph­ icallly illustrated ghost tales of the two Pl. THE CASH-SHANNON DUEL. By )­ Carolinas. $3.50 cloth. $1.95 paper. Harris H. Mullen. The last major duel fought in America, as well as other duels tr ,. Kl. THE HARTSVILLE COOK BOOK. in the Camden, S.C. area, is described. Compiled by the Women's Auxiliary of $5.95. the Byerly Hospital. Pee Dee specialties y arranged in convenient loose-leaf note­ Q2. CAROLINA LOW COUNTRY IM­ g book form. $3.95. PRESSIONS. Text by Alexander Sprunt t· }Iish7ric C/1urc/1es Jr. Romantic spots along the Low Ll. CAROLINA CUISINE. Compiled by Country and the creatures that inhabit of c/11.,1rlesfo!1 the Junior Assembly of Anderson, S.C. them are described by the author and il­ J More than 600 recipes for traditional and lustrated by John Henry Dick. $10. e little-known dishes, from oyster pie to :I H4 Please send me the books checked below: 0 A 2 $ 1.45 0 B 5 S 6.50 0 G 1 $ 3.50 0 A 4 $ 6.25 0 s 6 $ 5.95 0 G 2 $ 3.50 which for 3112 years was headquarters of 0 A10 $10.00 0 811 $ 7.50 0 G 3 $ 3.50 I,. Lincoln's Department of the South. $5. 0 A24 $ 4.95 0 c 3 $ 3.75 0 G 4 $ 3.50 D10. CAROLINA CAROLS. By Helen BONUS 0 A40 $ 5.95 0 c 5 $15.00 0 G 5 $ 3.50 Boland King. A first collection of the 0 A41 $12.95 0 0 1 $10.00 0 H 4 $ 7.50 poetry of Mrs. King, who has been praised by Archibald Rutledge as an 0 A43 $10.00 0 o 2 $10.00 0 J 1 $ 3.50 "authentic minstrel." $4.50. BOOKS 0 A44 $10.000 o 3 $ 6.00 0 J 1 $ 1.95 D11. COLUMBIA, CAPITAL CITY OF For each $5. in purchases of other 0 A50 $ 4.95 0 o 4 $ 6.00 0 K 1 S 3.95 SOUTH CAROLINA: 1786-1936 (Sesqui­ books listed on this page you can buy 0 A 79 $ 4.95 .J o 6 $ 9.00 0 L 1 $ 4.50 centennial Edition). Ed. by Helen Kohn one of the bonus books below at the 0 A84 $10.00 0 0 9 $ 5.00 0 M 4 $ 4.50 Hennig, with MID-CENTURY SUPPLE­ special price shown: MENT, 1936-1966, by archivist Charles 0 A100$10.00 0 010 $ 4.50 0 o 1 $ 6.95 E. Lee. Includes sections on government, A37. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH 0 B 3 $ 5.00 0 011 $ 6.50 0 P 1 5 5.95 education, religion, social life and in­ CAROLINA, VOL. I: SOUTH CARO­ 0 s 4 s10.oo O 014 $ 6.50 0 0 2 $10.00 dustry. $6.50. LIN A COLLEGE, 1801-1865. By 0 E 4 $ 4.50 Daniel Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.95). D14. LEGACY OF BEAUTY. By Dolores Total for books above $- - - - ­ Special $1. Lashley. The story of Magnolia Gardens For each $5.00 purchase of the above books, and their 19th-century developer, the A38. VOL. II: COLLEGE TO UNI­ you can purchase one of the bonus books Reverend John Grimke Drayton. $6.50. VERSITY, 1865-1956. By Daniel below at the special price shown: Walker Hollis. (Reg. $5.95 ). Special 0 A37 $1 .00 O 87 $3 .00 E4. SOUTH CAROLINA GHOST TALES. $1. 0 A38 $1.00 0 D12 $1 .00 By Nell S. Graydon. Familiar and pre­ 0 C7 $1.00 viously unpublished ghost tales, including B7. THE NEW SOUTH-GREEN­ their origins. $4.50. VILLE, S.C. By Kenneth and Blanche Total for bonus books $----- Marsh. (Reg. $9.50). Special $3. CAROLINA SERIES BOOKS. By Beth Grand total $----- G. Causey and Lelia D. Darby. This Social D12. THE SERPENT WAS A SALES­ 4'10 S. C . sales tax for orders to Studies Series on South Carolina is an MAN. By Zan Heyward. (Reg. $2.50). residents of S. C. $----- excellent supplement for all grade levels. Special $1. 25 cents postage and handling for These books are easy to read, but are EACH book purchased $----- written on a high interest level. $3.50 ea. C7. THIS IS OUR LAND. By Chal­ Gl. SOUTH CAROLINA INDIANS. mers S. Murray. The story of the Name ------G2. CAROLINA WREN AND OTHER Agricultural Society of South Caro­ SOUTH CAROLIN A BIRDS. lina. (Reg. $2.50). Special $1. Address------G3. SOUTH CAROLINA FORESTS AND TREES. City --- State-- Zip--

February 1970 51 THE WAR IN THE VIET NAM: THE ORIGINS OF unity; traditionally, only the village REVOLUTION. By John T. Mc­ unit served as a link between com­ Alister Jr. 377 pages. Alfred A. munities and between individuals SOUTH Knopf. $7 .95. and government. In destroying the autonomous character of the vil­ War, it would seem, is nothing lage, the ruling government failed Donald Barr Chidsey new to the people of Viet Nam. to provide any alternative link; From as far back as the second thus, the masses of rnral Viet­ century B.C., one finds a history namese were lost to the country as replete with struggle-for freedom a whole. A major condition for suc­ from external invasion and control; cessful revolution became the abil­ for political ascendancy within. It is ity of political contenders to mobil­ almost as if war and revolution, ize this vast sector of the commun­ internal divisions and internecine ity. To date, the Communist party strife were the natural state of af­ seems to be the only group able to fairs. Occupied as a Chinese prov­ do so-by providing new institu­ ince until 939, the country there­ tions and organizations which can after became engaged in a struggle generate some sense of community for political unity which was to last among the isolated villagers and nearly a thousand years, halted in mobilize them for participation in 1897 by French intervention. At the struggle. that time Viet Nam became a It is the author's thesis that the French colony under the name of present conflict is not a war be­ Indochina and was divided once tween two separate nations, but again, this time into three separate rather a continuation of the revo- ''countries"-Annam, Tonkin and 1u tionary conflict-a competition _____ .. __ ,_ _ Cochinchina. between two governments within "Viet Nam: The Origins of Revo­ one country, each of which aims at lution" is a study of developments political ascendancy over the entire within Viet Nam during the period area. Patterns of disunity which of French Colonial rule, as well as a plagued the French and led even­ An informal history of the Caro­ study of revolution in general-the tually to their defeat are still at the linas and Georgia in the American factors which tend to create revo- root of today's struggle. Revolution. 1u ti on ary potential within a John T. McAlister Jr., a native of Fascinating tales about this war's country, and requirements for a Spartanburg, became interested in heroes and villains. successful revolution. Ironically, Viet Nam while still an undergrad­ $3.95 although France brought partial uate at Yale. From 1959 to 1961, modernization and numerous ad­ he was an adviser to the River vances to its colony, it also created Force of the Vietnamese Navy in the pro blems which were to lead to the Mekong Delta. His book was the 1945 revolution. While creating based in large part on the still-secret a skilled, French-educated elite archives of the French army con­ within, the colonial regime failed to cerning the Indochina War. The provide sufficient opportunities for author believes that there is a basic political or social mobility; thus, misunderstanding among most many of those who benefited most parties of conditions which exist in from co 1o nial rule became the Viet Nam. It is his belief that this !!ett~n:tz eventual leaders of revolt against study may reveal a pattern which 1440 MAIN STREET their benefactors. Vietnamese so­ could apply equally to other emer­ COLUMBIA. S. C . ciety has always tended to be one gent nations in their struggles, half­ 29201 of regional and parochial character way between primitive and modern with little real sense of national worlds.

52 Sandlapper BASES OF THE PLANTATION in slaves, land, houses and luxuries. SOCIETY. (Documentary History It would be false to think of Books of the United States Series) Edited these three groups as "classes" set of Historical Significance by Aubrey C. Land. 242 pages. Uni­ one above another. Top to bottom from the versity of South Carolina Press. they were all planters, a wide $7.95. spectrum ranging from very rich to UNIVERSITY OF very poor in the mid-18th century. SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS Down through the centuries the By the test of social mobility, the words "planter" and "plantation" division between upper and lower RED CAROLINIANS economic strata was one of degree distinctly changed their meanings. By Chapman J. Milling In the 16th century, it was the and not of kind. Moreover, the rich Foreword by A.S. Salley $10.00 colonists who formed a "plan­ won their wealth by their talents tation "-a settlement that was and hard work; they never became "planted" overseas. Only later did a closed group turned against those " . .. (A) classic in its field .... The another technical meaning become who were scaling the economic new edition of the University of South Carolina Press fills a distinct void be­ attached to "planting"-a reference ladder. tween old and new readers, and should to the cultivation of the great staple The documents range from a pro­ be both well received and apprc­ crops, tobacco, rice and indigo. motional "Inducement" pamphlet ciated."-Muskogee Sunday Phoenix By the close of the 17th century, of 1585 to a 1755 statute aimed at and Times-Democrat, Muskogee, the economic pattern that dis­ the "Restraint of Vagrancy and Oklahoma. tinguished the southern colonies Idleness" in North Carolina. Of from the rest of British America special and particular interest to THE PROMISED LAND: was clear, and the commercial agri­ South Carolinians are the docu­ The History cultural society that evolved was ments dealing with rice and indigo. of the South Carolina based on the four traditional Virginia settlers had found within a Land Commission, 1869-1890 factors of production: land, labor, decade the staple which was to set By Carol K.R. Bleser $6. 95 capital and enterprise. Through tre­ the colony on a course for three mendous effort by the colonists centuries-tobacco. A quarter­ and their supporters in England, the century later, the first Maryland "The author is to be congratulated on a discerning use of many primary southern seaboard area was grad­ planters immediately followed suit. materials only recently discovered. She ually changed from a primeval for­ After three decades of fumbling, has managed to weave the story of the est into a planting domain. settlers in Carolina found the tidal Land Commission into a wide outline A 1th ough it is now generally and riverine swamps ideal for rice, of the history of Reconstruction in acknowledged that the character of which after 1700 was shipped in South Carolina in a demonstration of craftsmanship. the planting society has frequently ever-increasing quantities from the been misunderstood, the 63 docu­ port of Charleston. Some 40 years "The Promised Land is the first vol­ ments contained in "Bases of the later the persistent efforts of a ume in the Tricentennial Studies Plantation Society" force a con­ remarkable woman, Eliza Lucas, series, ... and her work is a good clusion far different from romantic gave South Carolina a second omen of what may be expected from this ambitious historical project of notions of stately mansions and staple, indigo. South Carolina."-The North Carolina luxurious living. Statistics indicate a The editor, Aubrey C. Land of Historical Review. population composed mostly of the University of Georgia, has small producers, thousands upon chosen pieces which include farm thousands living and dying with records, merchants' accounts Available at The Corner Book scarcely a trace. Fortunately, the ("Activities of a Merchant Prince," Store, Inc., Camden; The Book Base­ slight trace that they did leave­ i.e., Henry Laurens), letters, and ment and John Huguley and Co., Inc., inventories and accounts in the diaries. They are arranged to show Charleston; The R.L. Bryan Company, Gittman's on Devine, and The South public records-is enough to permit not only the economic growth of Carolina Book Store, Columbia; Belk­ an accurate reconstruction of the the South but also the everyday Simpson Co., Greenville; Baxter Enter· social context of their world. social institutions in action, with prises, Sumter; and at all better book­ There were other planting fam­ emphasis on the economic and stores. ilies who were somewhat better off. social relationships of the poorer Neither poor nor rich, they were citizens as well as the rich planters. families of substance ( a description The documents impress upon us UNIVERSITY OF that carried definite meaning to the the continual experimentation and SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS 18th-century mind). At the top of sense of uncertainty that accom­ Columbia. South Carolina 29208 the scale were the legendary panied the colonists' adaptation to II grandees possessing the great estates a new world.

February 1970_ 53 .~ - - T'" ·- ·· "'

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illiam Caleb Yarborough of Few sportscasters in America At 16 he was also diving from Timmonsville has blazed his speak of racing without mentioning the tallest trees into the Lynches Wname across the stock car cir­ him. His blonde good looks and River, was motorcycle racing, was cuits with such dazzling success flashing grin are known to the mil­ excelling in most sports, was having that his place among racing greats lions who view him on TV-from a go at Golden Gloves boxing and, seems assured. Starting in a soap the local crossroads to the metrop­ he grins, "getting by in school." box derby, "Cale" Yarborough be­ olis. Yarborough is, however, what Now, at 30, Yarborough lives on came a state champion at 16, and he always was, a small-town boy the edge of Timmonsville in a finally reached the top of the heap who "liked excitement." spacious white colonial home that in his Mercury Cyclone. Now, "All the boys in Timmonsville is situated on well-tended acres. On breaking records-for qualifying liked excitement," he smiles. "My one wall of his den, magnificent speeds and money earned in a single father flew planes that he put to­ trophies in row upon row reach season-and bringing spectators to gether with glue and twine. I could from floor to ceiling. Gold, silver, their feet in a standing ovation are fly a plane when I was 16. Para­ bronze; molded to convey the dar­ common occurrences in his life. His chute jumps? Of course-nothing to ing and spirit of speed and achieve­ fame is national. that." ment.

54 Sand lap per "Only a few," he gestures. "Most don't give it all I've got there is when she isn't being cuddled by her of them are packed away-no someone right behind me who will. father. There are also two St. Ber­ room." You've got to go hard all the way." nards, Buster and Sam, a German His winning races include the This trait almost drove his first Shepherd, Duke, and a no-name Atlanta 500 in 1967, 1968 and sponsor to drink. As a fledgling cat, and a bear, Suzy, whom Yar­ 1969; the Firecracker 400 in 1967 racer, Yarborough was given an borough has unsuccessfully tried to and 1968; the Daytona 500 and the opportunity to pilot a rather ven­ tame. Southern 500 in 1968; and the erable car around the track. His in­ South Carolina's racing cham­ Motor State 500 in 1969. structions were to "play it cool" pion was raised on a farm and still In 1968 at the Firecracker 400 and maintain an average speed; loves farming; he has, in fact, he broke the record as driver in the when the dropouts occurred, he recently acquired a thousand acres fastest long-distance car race ever was told, he could move in for one of tobacco and cotton land. "No won, 21h miles at 167.247 miles per of the money places. Each time he money," he smiles, "but I love it." hour. In 1969, in Daytona, Char­ would listen respectfully, but once He likes the outdoors, hunting lotte, Atlanta and Darlington, he on the track he would drive with and fishing in particular, and enjoys broke world's records for fastest his foot to the floor and his eye on cooking his fishing catch on the qualifying speeds. the winner's circle. Yarborough banks of the Lynches River for his Yarborough has driven all types never changed, and perhaps it is cronies. Being a family man, Y ar­ of racing cars, from the homemade that dedication to complete victory borough hates being away from his model built for him by a mechanic that makes a champion of him. wife and children, so often they in Lynch burg, South Carolina, There were times when he failed, pack up and accompany him. But through many types, including crashed, burned up his engines; whether he's fishing or racing, "I'd those specially built at Indianapolis. times when he faced the anger of rather be there," says Betty Jo, BLl Isobel S. Lawton

For the past two years he has those he defied; but in the end he "and then I know what's happen­ driven the roaring Mercury Cyclone was a winner. ing. Hearing it on the radio only that has won him fame and fortune. And what makes a champion? worries me." His favorite race is the Southern What creates a winner? The urge to He has interests in many indus­ 500 at Darlington. The first time he win, the grit and the skill, the love tries, including dry cleaning and tried to enter, Yarborough was of the endeavor. But there has to be manufacturing "dune buggies." Be­ tossed off the track for being too more, some quality which defies fore racing he tried his hand at a young; so it was a singular triumph description. Yarborough calls it variety of occupations, from log­ when, in 1968, he zoomed across concentration. ging to turkey raising. Yarborough the finish line to win. With the flag Yarborough met his petite wife, shakes his head; "Don't ever fool whipping in the wind and strains of Betty Jo, in Sardis, where she was with turkeys." Dixie playing, he accepted the working in a drug store-"soda jerk­ A native of Timmonsville, Cale long-sought trophy. ing," he grins. They have two Yarborough lived in Charlotte in Yarborough is a flat-out driver, a daughters-Julie Ann, who is seven, 1966, then resettled with his family floor-boarder, a hard charger. "I'm and baby Kelly, who coos from her in his hometown. On the outskirts out there to win," he says, "and if I crib at the end of the trophy wall of Timmonsville, in which he was

February 1970 55 Left: Cale Yarborough visits the wounded in a Vietnamese hospital. Below left: Julie Ann, seven, one of the Yarboroughs' two daughters. Below: A billboard pro­ c Iaims Timmonsville as the home of the "world's fastest stock car driver."

once cited for speeding, a large sign reads, "Home of Cale Yarborough, World's Fastest Stock Car Driver." Cale Yarborough is still burning up the tracks with singular success, but whatever happens from now on, his place among sports greats is secure. By never settling for a place lower than the top, by driving, "as hard as I can go," the boy who liked excitement has made a per­ m anent place in the annals of sports.

Isobel Smith Lawton is a free-lance writer from Hartsville.

-Photo by Mark-Allison Photography

Home~ CALE YARBOROUGH World's ~bh 4~ r.an Driver

9T 0~ w=No-,....._ ___O ~F-"-I CH AMPI PNI s

56 Sandlapper WASHINGTON'S HALF DOLLAR

By Viola Caston Floyd

mong the valuables kept in a Street. (Hence the name.) Mills' of the story, which appeared orig­ vault at Wofford College in map shows Barr's Tavern to have inally in the News and Courier of ASpartanburg is one half of a been located not far from the inter­ Charleston, tells us that Washington Spanish dollar, a piece of eight, that section of the Charlotte and Mon­ asked for milk and mush at Barr's. President George Washington cut roe highways in the northern The milk was brought him in a glass with his sword on the morning of portion of town. pitcher, the mush in a bowl. Of this May 27, 1791. He had just finished That night as the President rested bowl Dr. James H. Carlisle, author eating breakfast in a tavern on the in Maj. Robert Crawford's home he of the news article, said, "The bowl outskirts of the present town of wrote in his diary: "Left Ingrams out of which he took his milk at Lancaster, South Carolina, and, about 4 o'clock, and breakfasting at that breakfast is still identified." lacking change, had ( according to one Barr's 18 miles distant lodged On another occasion he made the the custom of that day) cut the at Majr Crawford's 8 miles farther." statement that both vessels were coin into halves. Maj. Crawford's home stood not still in the possession of Barr's Having spent the night of May far from the James Crawford home, descendants. 26, 1791, in the James Ingram site of the present Andrew Jackson The coin that Washington cut home near Hanging Rock in lower State Park which marks the birth­ was Spanish currency, often used in Lancaster County, the President place of Jackson, seventh President America at that time. He cut the and his entourage had arisen at 4 of the United States. Both locations soft silver money into halves, a.m. to continue their journey. lie within Lancaster County. dropped one half into the bowl and Washington liked to rise early, The late A.S. Salley wrote: handed it to Barr's young daughter. travel while it was cool, then pause "Barr's, where Washington got Before her death she gave the half­ during the morning for breakfast. breakfast, was a tavern long kept by coin to Andrew Mayer, Lancaster's His stop that morning was at Nathan Barr, just north of the pres­ first mayor. Nathan Barr's Tavern on the north­ ent town of Lancaster. He served in Andrew Mayer's second wife had ern outskirts of present Lancaster, the Revolution as a lieutenant in a brother, Wilks Thurlow Caston, then known as Barnettsville. Capt. Robert Montgomery's com­ who practiced law in Camden and Old plats show that the Barrs pany of Joseph Kershaw's Regi­ Lancaster. Caston persuaded the were among the earliest settlers who ment of the militia of South Caro­ Mayers to give the valued half-coin took grants along Gills Creek, just lina." From his pension application to Wofford College, and thus the north of Lancaster. Their property we learn that Barr contracted small­ coin found safekeeping there. lay on both sides of the creek and pox during his service. extended as far south as Barr An undated newspaper clipping Viola C. Floyd is from Lancaster.

February 1970 57 Jouth earolina A Synoptic History For Laymen

By LEWIS P. JONES

CHAPTER 14 This article is part fourteen of a The Chasm Widens series which will continue for an (1847-1860) indefinite period of time. Dr. Lewis P. Jones is chairman of the History ullification has done its work; it Department at Wofford College. has prepared the minds of men Nfor a separation of the States, that slavery was essential to South­ and when the question is mooted ern civilization, Calhoun also be­ again, it will be distinctly union or came certain that abolitionists were disunion." Thus prophesied James embarked on a course that could L. Petrigru in 1833. Events from end only in widespread bloodshed 184 7 through 1860 proved him an and "Africanization of the South," inspired prophet. with precedents for this already The Mexican War (1846-48) did evident in the West Indies. not cause the break, but assuredly Even old Unionists, like Ben­ it did loose the lock on Pandora's jamin F. Perry and Waddy Thomp­ box, and South Carolinians stum­ son, acknowledged that approval of bled on thereafter-and sometimes the Wilmot Proviso could lead only even pushed-to the fateful preci­ to disunion, and in this frenetic pice. frenzy South Carolinians from The tragedy took place in several 1847 until 1852 were divided only acts-too involved to be even re­ on the decision of whether to se­ lated here. The star of the first act cede "at once, alone, or ... await was a quite alarmed John C. Cal­ cooperation with other States." houn, playing out his last great role. Abolitionists on the outside now Incensed by Northern efforts to had overwhelmed and subdued the prevent the spread of slavery into old Unionist faction in a way that the vast territory being taken from their "Nullie" opponents had never Mexico, he resented what he saw as been able to do on the inside. They the injustice of it. (The Northern did it simply by kindling emotional position was stated in the Wilmot fires. Proviso, a resolution put before Radicals, however, were more Congress.) Convinced by the 1840s frenzied than were the frightened ROBERT BARNWELL RHETT SR.

58 Sandlapper Unionists, with Robert Barnwell "aggression" and to appraise the ciety and industry [ ,] the fallacy of Rhett ready in 1848 to force se­ Washington proposals for compro­ which many of his South Carolina cession and a showdown then and mise. Many Carolinians cooled off contemporaries exposed, and suc­ there. In 1849, the "Southern momentarily in a "wait-and-see cess in which would have been Address," largely written by Cal­ attitude," but others did not, as worse than defeat? Slavery was at houn, was drawn up iby Southern witness the tones of the Carolina last abolished, and abolished by the congressmen. Designed to stir up Spartan: "We hold it to be the North in the worst possible way the South, it warned that South­ sacred duty of the South, enjoined short of servile insurrection, instead erners must cooperate closely to by every sentiment of patriotism, of by the South itself in the best block measures like the Wilmot honor, and interest, to demand a way possible." Proviso which could ultimately dissolution of the Union." The Win­ At their June 1850 Nashville make three-fourths of the states yah Observer was no less strident: Convention, Southerners proved to antislavery and thereby provide the "To us ... , the Union as it is, is a be badly divided, and hence their strength to ratify Constitutional curse and not a blessing. It is made meeting simply by being held could changes which would abolish slav­ an engine of oppression." not appear as an ultimatum to the ery. A united South would frighten Late in life Calhoun had faced North. James H. Hammond was the North "to a calculation of the the awesome dilemma: that the now convinced of the inevitability consequences" and might thereby South could have the Union or it of division and thought a "General strengthen Northern moderates; if could have slavery-but probably Congress of the South" should in­ not, "nothing would remain for not both. Three weeks before death stantly be summoned-sort of a ; you but to stand up immovably in he had pled with the North "to do latter-day "First Continental Con­ defense of rights, involving your justice by conceding to the South gress." His great fear was that the I all-your property, prosperity, an equal right in the acquired ter­ North might in fright give a little equality, liberty, and safety." In ritory" and "to cease the agitation and so appease the South and there­ I. 1849, a state Committee of Safety of the slavery question," a response by defer disunion. After repeating ' and Correspondence met, viewed in which would have meant jettisoning their old demands and agreeing to shock "the alarming and imminent of freedom of speech. This was the extension of the Missouri Compro­ iI i peril ... hanging over the institu­ dilemma for which he had found no mise line to the Pacific ( already I tions and sovereign rights of the real solution before his final trip to rejected by Congress, though intro­ slaveholding states, caused by un­ St. Philip's churchyard. duced there by Armistead Burt of c on s tit u ti o na l and mischievous D.D. Wallace-not a post-1950 Abbeville), the Convention ad­ interference with our domestic liberal but a sensitive product of journed temporarily to wait to see slavery .... " Having hollered thus, the 19th century-analyzed Cal­ Clay's final handiwork. the Committee adjourned and went houn in words still deep with in­ Once Clay's 1850 Compromise home, probably feeling better for sight and worthy of consideration was adopted, most Southerners it-but having only added to the in the troubled South of 1970: Cal­ were willing to give it a try. But not abundance of static electricity al­ houn's career was "one of the sad­ South Carolina, where the shrieks ready in the atmosphere. dest tragedies of American his­ were instantaneous. The Charleston In 1850 Congress was struggling tory-a great mind caught up in a Mercury now felt, "No earthly with Henry Clay's proposals (to be mistaken cause without being great power can save this Confederacy the Compromise of 1850) for re­ enough to perceive and conquer the from dissolution"; the Spartan: solving the difficulties that accom­ error." Yet, according to Wallace, "We must give up the Union or give panied western territories recently Calhoun did not lead his beloved up slavery"; the Winyah Observer acquired by conquest. Calhoun­ state to destruction but simply solemnly demanded "slavery, which who died March 31 of that year-­ "voiced her views and determi­ is indispensably necessary to our disapproved of the measures and nation with unrivaled clearness," very existence"; Edward Bryan: thus led South Carolina into an being "the chosen leader of a pre­ "Give us slavery or give us death"; adamant no-compromise stance. determined course, in no sense a the Charleston Courier, heretofore Unfortunately there was no leader driver." But later officials-also not rather restrained, saw it all simply of his stature to replace Calhoun, truly ''leaders"-could not even as disunion or "submission to the who never really had sought disso­ restrain the state from too-precipi­ late compromise." lution of the Union. tate, rash action as Calhoun some­ Without great vigor or wide sup­ While Congress was trying to times had managed to do. To all po rt, the Nashville Convention hammer out a compromise solu­ this, historian Wallace in 1934 reconvened as scheduled in the fall, tion, representatives of Southern raised a still-discomforting but per­ but with only seven states now states met in the summer at Nash­ tinent question: "What of the represented. Langdon Cheves found ville "to devise and adopt some statesmanship of a leader who here a new conciliatory temper, mode of resistance" to Northern plants himself on theories of so- despite the deploring of all the evils

February 1970 59 of the Compromise. Only South overreached themselves. As so often secession, assured in his own mind Carolina appeared dedicated to se­ happens in history, the overconfi­ that the South would come to the cession-and its leaders were now dent overplay their hand. The pen­ aid of South Carolina anyhow when subdividing between those who dulum then began to swing. Petigru the chips were down and confident favored instant secession (Rhett noted this "great apathy of the that the Union would back down and his followers) and those who public mind" as the Carolina public and be simply content to plead saw lone-wolf disunion as folly of realized that the rest of the South with the Hotspur State to return to the first order ( Joel Poinsett, Peti­ was not going anywhere. They drew the fold. gru, William Grayson, Benjamin back in their own "Thermidorian The decade of the 1850s there­ Perry, Waddy Thompson). Even Reaction." By May 1851, Francis after was marked by internal James Hamilton and James H. Ham­ Lieber was writing, "Our secession friction between people of different mond advised caution, despite the is dead, or at least, fast dying." temperaments-between the "he­ latter's boast, "Our wealth and Headstrong radicals suddenly found roic" ( or romantic) and the practi­ strength are sufficient to enable us people rallying behind less im­ cal, the impetuous and the cau­ to take and maintain a stand among petuous men, like James L. Orr, tious, the hotheads and the cool the nations." William C. Preston, John Belton heads. The more colorful radicals As 1850 slipped out, the crisis O'Neall, Perry, Petrigru, Poinsett. have understandably attracted more waned-although South Carolina When elections were held to choose historians and readers and hence was still huffing and puffing with delegates to go to the Montgomery may have so distorted our view that some talking much about blowing meeting, the "black" plantation we ignore the more pragmatic houses down. The legislature began districts supported extremists, but leaders and overlook those roads war preparations; suggested a Charleston and the Up Country not taken; in so doing, it becomes Southern convention to meet in backed the moderates. By 25,000 easy to conclude that the ultimate Montgomery in January 1852; to 17,000, Cooperationists carried tragedy was inevitable. promised aid to a company to build the day-those willing to "go out" Although Rhett ("the father of warships; raised funds for military only if all Southern states cooper­ secession") sought to fill the equipment; and increased taxes by ated. The extent of this cooper­ vacuum created by the death of 50 per cent. The salons ignored ation was indicated by one simple Calhoun, his extremism was such Gov. W.B. Seabrook's recommen­ fact: The Montgomery Convention that he was discredited during the dation to deport every free Negro never met. As a result, the state calmer period after 1852. Even the who did not own land or slaves. convention which gathered in May Carolina Spartan judged him "no­ Most revealing action, however, was 1852, was an anticlimax: Chosen toriously unpopular in the state, an legislators' selection of Rhett to and heralded as the sovereign 'body avowed disunionist per se" who replace Calhoun in the Senate. In which would ratify the secession finally had become "a man without this commotion, church leaders expected to be the major recom­ influence-and therefore totally un­ blithely followed the fire-eaters ( a mendation of that solemn South­ suited for the only purpose for case of the firemen running away wide conclave in Montgomery, the which his presence is desired in with the arsonists?): One day in South Carolina convention found Washington. No dogmatist is suited December was set aside as a reli­ itself with a remarkably light for diplomacy or statesmanship." gious day of fasting and humilia­ agenda. Here was a wedding with­ Another fire-eater was L.M. Keitt, tion, and in a special service in the out a bride. It satisfied itself with a "the Harry Hotspur of the South"; legislature, the Rev. Whitefoord lame resolution that it could secede he represented the Congressional Smith delivered a sermon in defense if it wanted to-but it didn't want District from Orangeburg through of slavery. to. Solemnly they resolved that se­ Beaufort, and was labeled by a con­ In early 1851 the "immediate, cession was justified but for the te mp orary "bombastic, spirited, separate secessionists" carried the moment not expedient ("My daddy colorful, heated," without Cal­ election of delegates to a state con­ can lick yours but just doesn't want houn's cold logic and reputed in vention but they promptly cut the to do it right now"). By then, Peti­ Washington to invoke thunder and ground out from under their own gru thought he had found a lightning in the mornings, heaven cause by a bombastic proposal to "symptom of returning sense," but and hell in the afternoons. relieve South Carolina from the a tempestuous Sumter paper wept, With the immediate secessionists "wrongs and aggressions" of the "The Age of Chivalry is gone!" discredited and the cooperationists North-"with or without the co­ Rhett had an altogether different thwarted by other states, a new operation of the other Southern interpretation, rejoicing that the figure began emerging: James L. states." The backlash set in at once: Montgomery convention had not Orr of Anderson-aptly called by All of a sudden, most people felt met after all lest it might have the late Professor William Foran a very, very lonely. Having sensed counseled submission or compro­ "pragmatist in wonderland." In the their strength, the hotheads had mise. He still was seeking separate hush before the storm, this member

60 Sand lap per of Congress (after 1848) provided served that oy isolating themselves thing that is likely to be done, do leadership for conservatives like Southerners were guaranteeing that not let us de-Carolinaize ourselves." Perry, who pled that it was "all the national party would be cap­ His phrase tells more than would a nonsense for South Carolina to be tured by unimpeded antislavery lengthy and philosophical analysis. playing this game of Chinese ex­ forces. The radicals prophesied­ Despite the reheating of the clusion" and praised Orr "for correctly-that these forces would sectional ruckus by passage of the throwing off that terrapin notion of ultimately capture the North any­ Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), an in­ living within one's own shell, which how so that disunion was even al­ creasing number of Carolinians sup­ has been so popular in South Caro­ ready inevitable. More crucial flaw ported Orr's tactics, and in 1856 lina." Orr's plan was simple: Play a in Orr's strategy: Would North­ the state was represented in the role in the national Democratic erners-regardless of party-ally with National Convention. The majority party organization to so influence Southerners to defend an institution of the legislature seemed to concur and shape its program as to thwart and way of life which so many held that "affiliation" was preferable to the more radical abolitionists and to be immoral? isolation, with the Up Country pro­ through the party to deflect or Many of the National Democrats viding much of the momentum for stymie those federal policies which in South Carolina antagonized more the new conciliatory attitude, some were patently anti-Southern. (Some traditional Carolinians on other even rejoicing about the overthrow moderns have thought they in­ grounds: They were identified of "old fogies and cliquism" that vented this strategy.) It was a "with forces which were undermin­ had so long controlled the state. gamble-but it could conceivably ing the old regime"-those forces But too many emotion-laden work, and in the process might which were promoting industry and events loomed just ahead for this reduce tension. factories, talking of creating op­ calm to last: the growing popularity Since 1832, the majority of portunities for the poor, advocating of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in the South Carolinians had been nomi­ more widespread and more demo­ North; the arguments (stronger in nally Democrats. But these were in cratic education. It was definitely South Carolina than elsewhere) to effect ex -officio Democrats, not not an antislavery group, but it did reopen the African slave imports; really "active, practicing Demo­ not stress an economy built exclu­ the tempestuous and violent crats." The South Carolina Demo­ sively on black labor. Their pro­ Brooks-Sumner affair; "Bleeding cratic party was "in alliance" with gram could have undergirded a Kansas"; Northern annoyance at the National Democratic Party, not "Southern nationalism" but it election of Orr as Speaker of the a part of it, took no part in its nevertheless seemed suspect to House in 1857; Northern indig­ national councils, sent no delegates many; it was a threat to what had nation at the Dred Scott decision to national conventions, had no gradually become a closed society. (1857); and the Southern concept voice in policy-making nor in mak­ Perhaps there was no hope for of the new party, the "Black Re­ ing presidential nominations. Orr such a "pragmatist in wonderland" publicans." Here was a gathering urged changing all of this and co­ as Orr, if one accepts Henry storm. In later years William H. operating with North as well as Schultz's description of that par­ Trescott said that Orr and other South. He preached that from out­ ticular wonderland: moderates had really begun to lead side the fold they certainly could Sou th Carolina had remained South Carolina along a new path not hope to achieve amelioration of aloof from the national conventions and that if they had been given Northern attitudes or to shape for so many years that the practice time, the state would have been so was commonly accepted as a tra­ policy. The Mercury labeled advo­ ditional policy. And in South Caro­ altered that there would have been cates of such views as traitors, and lina 'a time-honored policy' was enough patience to have survived Rhett charged that such a program something not to be put aside 1860 without disunion. But they could undo the work of a whole without cautious deliberation. The were not given time, for events generation. Orr, backed by men like people of the state prided them­ brought the state to the fork in the selves on their conservatism in Perry and Francis W. Pickens, con­ adopting political innovations. The road too soon. ceded that cooperation with the other states in the union had In 1859, one man unified the Democratic North would under­ changed their constitutions to make South. He did in one year what mine the old Carolina psychology them popular, but not South Caro­ Calhoun, Rhett, Hammond and that had caused the state to stand lina. Other states elected the presi­ Yancey had not been able to do in dential electors by popular vote, so alone-standing perhaps in purity but not South Carolina. All other three decades. This wonder-worker but also in helplessness. The spokes­ states had taken up the convention was one John Brown. The miracle man for the "National Democrats" method of nominating candidates, performed was not attributable to (as this faction became known) ad­ but not South Carolina.... his peculiar genius but to the new mitted that participation in the Most political leaders were en­ hurricane now powered by a string party could not assure an end of trenched in their view, as revealed of emotional events which made it antislavery onslaughts, but Orr ob- in Sen. A.P. Butler's plea: "In any- easy for the South now to believe

February 1970 61 the worst-and to be expecting the worst. John Brown was not the typical Yankee-not even the typical Yankee opponent of slavery. But too many Southerners thought he was­ and acted accordingly. Simon Legree of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was not the typical slaveholder (nor was Robert Barnwell Rhett). But too many Northerners thought so-and acted accordingly. By now the sectional controversy had ceased to be a polit­ ical issue and had become a scream­ ing match with each side wrapping its positions in principle and moral­ ity, branding all persons in the other section as cowards and sinners, and claiming for themselves a monopoly on God, all wisdom, righteousness and virtue. Southern boys in North­ ern colleges were recalled home from the contaminating atmosphere and all of that Yankee demoniacal in­ fluence. (Big-time collegiate ath­ letics with stadia and coliseums not having yet developed, there was not a student exodus in the opposite direction.) New regional magazines JAMESL. ORR abounded so that readers would not be misled by insidious antislavery authors preying on the minds of Southern readers. Self-seeking poli­ ticians on both sides of the Mason and Dixon Line abandoned the primary purpose of politics-which is to find solutions to problems­ and, instead, deliberately instilled emotionalism into public life and sowed fear into a populace that was growing more rabid by the month. Here was the pathetic picture of a nation gripped by paranoia. In this atmosphere it was unfor­ tunate that a Presidential election was due. It was probably also unfortunate that the National Democratic Convention should be meeting in, of all places, Charles­ ton-no matter how charming that old city (1860 population: 40,522) might be. Supporting Stephen A. Douglas (the "steam engine in breeches") as the one American most likely to bridge the sectional gap and heal the widen­ ing wound in the Union, Orr's HENRY CLAY

62 Sand lapper faction stood their ground but zation called "The 1860 Associ­ L. W. Spratt later explained that now were rapidly losing strength ation." This group busily inquired South Carolina "leaders had always to reinvigorated Southern radicals. into the defense of the state, fed been taught that revolution could This contingent was again insistent venom in copious doses to the legis­ be precipitated by political action on a positive federal guarantee of lature, and-as one member of it and that they therefore exerted salvery on the Western plains, ig­ said-was seeking to "spot the themselves in an effort to stir the noring Benjamin Perry's blast that traitors to the South, who may re­ people." Spratt "believed that if "Nothing can be more contempt­ quire some hemp ere long." Deplor­ public sentiment, once aroused, had ible than to hear men who have ing the value and sentiments of the been allowed to subside, the people no slaves, trifling politicians, bank­ Union in shockingly vicious terms, would have 'lost the spirit of ad­ rupts in fortune, weathercocks of the pamphleteers reprinted aboli­ venture, and would have quailed popular opinion, and office­ tionists' quotations "skillfully before the shock of this great con­ seekers, declaring about the con­ chosen to boil the blood of South­ troversy.' " The fire-eaters did not stitutional right of carrying their ern men." Pamphlets had such titles allow it to subside. Secession was a slaves into a territory where they as "The Doom of Slavery in the popular movement. The partici­ know slavery can never exist." Union: Its Safety Out of It"; or pants were quite sincere, however Maybe his sermon made sense, but "The Right to Secede." Biblical deluded they may have been. the congregation was not listening: defenses of slavery were aired again, It is no surprise that the legisla­ This was not the season for logic. built around such scriptural quotes ture acted so quickly after Lin­ Maybe Preston Brooks had been as Paul to Timothy, "Let as many coln's election (in a four-way race) correct earlier when he bluntly put servants as are under the yoke and decided to call a state con­ it, "We of the South have no pol­ count their own masters worthy of vention which quickly and unani­ itics but the Negro." all honour, that the name of God mously passed the ordinance of se­ With the split of the Democratic and his doctrine is not blas­ cession (December 1860). South party in 1860--one of the last phemed." Fundamentalism gained Carolina this time dared to act nationwide institutions still holding much with stress on such conven­ alone, but confident that others the country together-disunion was ient passages, and the divines gen­ would follow now. In the midst of now more likely and the election of erally rallied to defend the cause, phobias superheated by emotion, Lincoln practically certain. Lin­ with many preachers sincerely the others did act-sincerely and coln's personality, attitude, and agreeing with the Rev. Thomas tragically. At the time, "The church program were not what the South Smyth of Charleston that the South bells rang out their joyful peals." thought or imagined. But the South had a great commission to preserve Even Benjamin Perry showed how reacted on the basis of their con­ the word of God against the efforts the Unionists had weakened or cepts, not facts. of those who would have an "abo- acquiesced, saying, "I have been Rhett's star now seemed to be 1it ionist Bible" and who would trying to prevent this sad issue for ascending, although Hammond ob­ make God an antislavery God. It the last thirty years. You are all served that outside the state he was was consoling to be a Chosen now going to the devil, and I will go considered "utterly odious. Aaron People. with you. Honor and patriotism Burr was never more so," but his Mass meetings, Vigilance Com­ require me to stand by my State, "fine talents" had been ruined by mittees, the Minute Men, and right or wrong." Unionism was "a perverse temper." The press was others agitated manfully and made dead-or very, very dormant. As gripped with emotion, viewing the the state a tinderbox. As Dr. C.E. Mary Chesnut analyzed the situ­ potential election of Lincoln as the Cauthen in a major monograph put ation in her famed diary, "Mr. death knell of civilization, with it: Petigru alone in South Carolina has even the usually restrained Charles­ The leaders of that period not seceded." ton Courier confessing that "unless proved themselves masters of the psychology of mass education .... our foes are brought to a sense of Skillful appeals were made to such READING LIST FOR THE LAYMAN their responsibility, unless fanati­ fundamental human emotions as D.D. Wallace: "History of S.C.," III, cism is driven in disgrace, and with fear, hate, racial prejudice, love, chaps. 85-87. the lash, from the pulpits and halls pride, and self-respect. It was only D.D. Wallace: "South Carolina: A of legislation it has so long dese­ necessary to quote, and sometimes Short History," chaps. 48-50. to misquote, the more radical crated with its foul presence, we Harold Schultz: "Nationalism and agitator to convince the people that Sectionalism in South Carolina, may and should apprehend the the abolitionist was the South's 1852-1860" (1950). direst evils." Apparently almost mortal enemy and that abolitionism C.S. Boucher: "South Carolina and the every South Carolina newspaper and Republicanism were synon­ South on the Eve of Secession" (1919). shared this tone, and even shriller ymous. A conspicuous feature of Richard N. Current: "Lincoln and the secession literature was the call to was the flood of pamphlets dis­ First Shot" (1963). Southern men to defend Southern C.E. Cauthen: "South Carolina Goes tributed by a propaganda organi- womanhood. to War" (1950).

February 1970 63 Dredge lamb, add salt and pepper. In a heavy skillet, saute onions and garlic in butter until soft and golden. Add meat and saute about 10 minutes, stirring constantly. Add apples and curry, blending well; cook for about five minutes. Add all other ingredients plus two cups of water, bring to a boil, then simmer gently about an hour. Now comes the fun part- the condiments. All are inexpensive, ex­ By Nike Middleton cept chutney-which can be home­ made-and easily obtainable, except

ext to roasting a swan or pea­ cock (heaven forbid!) or cutting Ndown a royal palm to make a salad of its heart, there is no more prestigous dish than a curry. In Asia, a "Ten Boy Curry" means ten boys are required to carry the accompanying condi­ ments (and probably to carry out the guests after the feast). Actually, it is far more effective to arrange the colorful condiments on the table around the curry itself. Served in Chinese, Japanese, Mexican or other colorful dishes, it will be as pretty as a bride among her maids. South Carolina ladies, luckily, may add exotic touches with camellias or gardenias, or their native fruits such as loquats, giant persimmons and poetic pomegranates. Curry may be of shrimp, veal, beef, pork, lamb-or even veg­ etables, as we discovered during CURRY-CHARLESTON STYLE Bombay duck (a dried fish). Try meat rationing. Each requires dis­ these: Preserved kumquats, orange 4 pounds of stewing lamb cut in tinctly different ingredients; cubes marmalade, candied lemon peel, shrimp, for instance, calls for three Flour for dredging guava jelly, watermelon rind, fresh coconuts, grated, and their 2 chopped garlic cloves toasted coconut, chopped hard­ milk. So herewith the recipe for the 4 large onions, very finely sliced boiled egg, bacon, and olives, can­ easiest and most satisfying: Lamb. 4 tart apples, coarsely chopped died ginger and peanuts. 4 level tbsp. curry powder With a big, beautiful bowl of The most important step is the 4 tbsp. brown sugar, packed first one: meat must be gently, but 4 tbsp. raisins (dark) saffron rice, or rice tinted with thoroughly browned before adding 2 tbsp. Worcestershire or soy sauce food coloring, you'll have a feast p liquid; it is at this point that flavor 2 lemons, thinly sliced for the gods-and a few assorted will be established. This is a real 4 tbsp. shredded coconut (may be goddesses, too. canned) make-ahead dish, as, with all spicy % cup chopped walnuts foods, it improves with a day's 'h tsp. freshly grated lime peel Nike Middleton is from Henderson­ aging. Salt to taste (lots) ville, North Carolina.

64 Sandlapper 16 CHARLESTON-The Citadel-Dr. Marvin L. EVENTS Cann, "The 20th Century South, 1920-1970." AUCTIONEERS GAFFNEY-Limestone College-Douglas Nel­ All activities to be considered for son, "Trends in Music." APPRAISERS the Calendar of Events must be sent 21 directly to the Events Editor, Sand­ CHARLESTON-The Citadel-Greater Issues Series, Dean Rusk, Speaker. lapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, MARCH Columbia, South Carolina 29202, 2 @,ufruu'n no later than 30 days prior to the CHARLESTON-County Library-Dr. Frank first of the month in which the Durham, "Porgy." activity will occur. GAFFNEY-Limestone College - Dr. Frank J. .Aurtinn (l;allrrirs McEwen, "African Art Today." 11 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ [fl Charleston Artists Guild Slide Lecture, "Line, Plane, and Form in Pictorial Compo­ Specializing in the disposi­ ballet sition." 12 tion of estate furnishings, all or part. Air conditioned auc­ FEBRUARY SP ART ANBURG-Spartanburg County Li­ tion gallery seating 500. 9 brary- L.H. Chewning, "Shakespeare's 'King GREENVILLE-Furman University-Royal Lear.'" We serve trust departments, Winnipeg Ballet. banks, attorneys, and private 11 . owners . COLUMBIA-Township Auditorium-Royal music Winnipeg Ballet. [fl MARCH 10 912 GERVAIS ST. ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-The Charles­ FEBRUARY ton Ballet. Through February 8 PHONE 252-7927 14 SP ART ANBURG-Converse College-Beetho­ COLUMBIA, S. C. GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium -Green­ ven Festival. ville Civic Ballet Annual Spring Concert. 7 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium -Mack McCray, Pianist, and Mark Ward, Cellist; . Soloists with the Charleston Symphony Or­ c1ne1na chestra. 8 ORIGINAL GIFT ALLENDALE- The Tucson Boys Choir. FEBRUARY (Unique Record Book - Gift of a Life Time) 12 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-USC Chamber FLORENCE-Moore Junior High Auditorium­ Music Concert. Jonas Meka, Underground Film. 9 r---t:=::.-a-<==a:= 18 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-The ~j~ -~!§§ GREENVILLE-County Museum of Art­ Ambassadors from Preservation Hall. "Night at the Opera." GREENVILLE-Furman University-"Aida." c-:z=r 26 10 {~ ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-"Black CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium- The ----\;:-I ltBW j Orpheus." Pittsburgh Symphony. NOW! FLORENCE-McClenaghan High School­ Order Several Sets Genealogy Charts with Instructions for Tracing & Recording! Roberta Peters, Metropolitan Opera So­ prano. RECORD NEWBERRY-Newberry College - The Berk­ YOUR FAMILY HISTORY lectures Anyone can follow this simple plan for com­ shire Chamber Players. piling a family history on prepared charts 11 which include six generations. This 54-page set also contains biographical data sheets, FEBRUARY GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium-The family history record forms, space for coat-of 9 Pittsburgh Symphony. arms, photographs and other pertinent ma­ 12 terials. CHARLESTON- Dock Street Theatre-Dr. Immediate shipment via 1st claaa mail @$3.95 Daniel W. Hollis, "The Rise of the New CLEMSON-Clemson University-Norman ppd. or via air mail @ $4. 7 5 ppd. South, 1876-1920." Luboff Choir. Send check or money order. 11 GAFFNEY-Limestone College- Chamber An Ideal Gift for Chrlstma1 or Tricentennial Music Recital. Year. CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ Order from Charleston Artists Guild Slide Lecture, "Five GREENVILLE-Furman University-David Techniques of Painting." Gibson, Pianist, Guest Artist with the Green­ THE OLD SOUTH CO. ville Symphony. 12 P.O. BOX 392 UNION,S. C. SPARTANBURG-Spartanburg County Li­ ROCK HILL- Winthrop College- The Pitts­ brary- Donald R. Knight, "Drama in the burgh Symphony. Eighteen th Century."

February 1970 65 13 11-13 GREENVILLE- Bob Jones University - Sym­ HARTSVILLE- Coker College - HHS Chorus phonic Band Concert. Production. 13-14 12 GREENVILLE- Furman University- S.C. All­ CHARLESTON- Municipal Auditorium - BPOE State Orchestra Clinic. Order of Elks Glee Club Concert. FEBRUARY 14 GAFFNEY- Limestone College- Faculty Re­ Through February 12 CHARLESTON - Baptist College- The Vogues. cital, Allyn Hoverland, Organist. FLORENCE- Florence Museum - Scholastic Art 14-15 13 Awards Exhibit. COLUMBIA- Museum of Art- Mr. & Mrs. San­ GREENVILLE- Bob Jones University-The ford Jones, Two Piano. Romeros, Guitarists. Through February 14 15 GREENVILLE- Furman University - Band Con­ SPARTANBURG- Aug. W. Smith Gallery ­ AIKEN - Old Time Religious Song Fest. cert. Watercolors by Nancy Stringer. 16 Through February 15 AIKEN - Longstreth and Escosa, Harpists. CLEMSON - Clemson University - College of COLUMBIA- Columbia College-Faculty Re­ Architecture Faculty Exhibit. cital, Richard Veale, Tenor. theatre 17 COLUMBIA - Museum of Art - "Drawings ROCK HILL- Winthrop College- Student Re­ U.S.A." cital, Barbara Couch, Organist. r:EBRUARY SUMTER - The Art Gallery - The State Art Col­ 19 Through february 8 lection. CHARLESTON - The Citadel- Consort of Viols. COLUMBIA- The Workshop Theatre- "Look Through February 22 20-21, 27-28 Back in Anger." CLINTON- Presbyterian College- Paintings by CH A RLESTON- Garden Theatre-Charleston John C. Benz. Opera Company, "Elixir of Love." ORANGEBURG - S.C. State College - "Tell Through February 28 21 Pharaoh." COLUMBIA-University of South Carolina­ SPARTANBURG- Converse College- Van Cli­ Through February 10 Bruce Davidson, Photographer. burn. GREENWOOD- Greenwood Little Theatre­ FLO REN CE - USC, Florence Regional Cam­ 24 "The Lion in Winter." pus- Ronald Meyers, Boyd Saunders, How­ COLUMBIA - Dreher High Auditorium- Colum­ 10-14 ard Woody: Three-man Show. bia Philharmonic Orchestra, Guest Soloist GREENVILLE - Theatre 70 Playhouse­ Through March 1 Sara Martin Wingard, Soprano. "Amphitryon 38." COLUMBIA - Museum of Art- Watercolors by HARTSVILLE- Coker College - Theodore Lett­ Harold Holly. 11-14 vin , Pianist. GREENVILLE - County Museum of Art­ COLUMBIA- Columbia College- "School for 25 Scandal." Recent Paintings by Emory Bopp. ROCK HILL- Winthrop College- Junior Music 13-14 GREENVILLE- County Museum of Art-"Sea­ Recital, Peggy Roston, Pianist. AIKEN- "Drums Along the Savannah." ports: 300." 26 13-14, 16-21 Through March 5 C' LEM SON - Clemson University - Stockholm CLEMSON- Clemson University - Foothill Col­ Philharmonic. SPARTANBURG - Spartanburg Little lege Design. 27 Theatre-"The Potting Shed." Through March 6 SPART AN BURG- Converse College- Converse 13-14, 17-21 SPART AN BURG - The Gallery - Southeastern College Op era Workshop, "Unicorn in the COLUMBIA- Town Theatre- "Funny Girl." Juried Show. Garden" and "Sister Angelica." 15 10-28 27-28 GREENVILLE- Bob Jones University-"To Be SPARTANBURG- The Arts Center- "Double COL UM BIA - Columbia College- Chamber a Pilgrim." Image: Photography by Arnold Genthe and Opera festival. 17-20 Rene Royaards." MARCH ROCK HILL- Winthrop College - "Plaza Suite." IO-March 1 1 CHARLESTON- Gibbes Art Gallery - Prints by CHARLESTON - Municipal Auditorium- 19-21 Jasper Johns. Greater Charleston Choral Society Sacred COLUMBIA - Drayton Hall-"Pirates of Pen- 11-21 Concert. zance." NEW BERRY- Newberry College - Contempo­ 5 23-26 rary Art. COL UM BIA - Township Auditorium- Guy ORANGEBURG- S.C. State College - "Medea." 11-25 Lombardo and His Ro yal Canadians. COLUMBIA - Museum of Art- Springs Art fLORENCE - Moore Junior High Auditorium­ 26-28 Show Traveling Exhibit. Addis and Crofut, folk Singers. GAFFNEY- Limestone College - "The Subject 14-March 3 Was Roses." 8 SPART AN BURG- Wofford College- Photo­ MARCH COLUMBIA - Museum of Art- Beverly Reed graphic Carvings at Sanchi from the Smith­ Hayes, Soprano. 4 sonian Institution. GREENVILLE-County Museum of Art- John SPARTANBURG- Spartanburg Junior Col­ 15-March 13 lege -"Saint Joan." Adams, Piano. CLEMSON- Clemson University - "Contempo­ 9 11-14 rary Photographers I and II." BE AU FORT - Beau fort Elementary School CLEMSON- Clemson 15-March 20 Auditorium- Yarbrough and Cowan, Duo Little Theatre- "The Lion in Winter." FLORENCE- Florence Museum - 17th Pee Dee Pianists. Regional Art Exhibit. 10 13-14 22-Marcli 15 CHAR LESTON - Municipal Auditoriu m- Rogcr AIKEN- Aiken Junior High Auditorium-"The COLUMBIA - Museum of Art- "Supersonic Williams Concert. Lion in Winter." Painting" by Philipp Weichberger.

66 Sand lap per !lkndlajtjtei fJJ1teJJ 1 #nc. co1tdialo/f inviteJ you to tlJ GRAND OPENING INTRODUCING SANDLAPPER GALLERY AND BOOKSTORE The Sandlapper Gallery and Bookstore displays for sale works by outstanding South Carolina artists. Paintings in a wide range of artistic expressions from realistic to abstract, in all media, are featured. Prints, both framed and unframed, and sculpture are also available. The Bookstore is devoted exclusively to Caroliniana. About 250 titles currently are on hand; others will be stocked as they become available. Back issues of Sandlapper; the bound volume, Sandlapper 1968; and individual maps of the Wilkins-Keels edition of the 1825 Mills' Atlas are also sold in the Bookstore. AND SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORY ILLUSTRATED Coinciding with the opening of the Sandlapper Gallery and Bookstore is the introduction of South Carolina History Illustrated, a publication designed to make history buffs out of all South Carolinians. With a hard-nosed insistence on accuracy, this new hardcover quarterly provides a forum for historians to "tell it like it was" in South Carolina. Sandlapper Gallery and Bookstore is located in the editorial and printing facilities of Sand­ lapper Press, Inc., about five miles west of Columbia on U.S. 378 (between 1-26 and 1-20). SUNDAY, MARCH 1, 1970 2P.M. to 6P.M. 23-March lfi CLINTON- Presbyterian College-"Beginnings of Modern Photography." MARCH WINNERS 1-22 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art- Columbia Artists Sandlapper Guild, Spring Juried Show. 6-29 Photo CHARLESTON - Gibbes Art Gallery - Bird Paintings by Edward Von S. Dingle. Contest

tours COLOR CONTEST

FEBRUARY 1st Prize-Charles Thomson REALTY, INC. 14 2nd Prize-John Jackson AIKEN - Tricentennial Home Tours. 3rd Prize-Charles Young 27 4th Prize-John Jackson CHARLESTON- Historic Homes Tour. 5th Prize-Russell Maxey MARCH ?2eJ.identiat 12 6th Prize-Charles Young BEAUFORT- Town and Garden Tour. eommezeiat 14 Honorable Mention ':lJevetopez CHARLESTON- St. Michael's Church Town House Tour. Edwin Stone* CHARLESTON-Walking Tour of Small Gardens. Gary Thomas* 5219 TRENHOLM ROAD LEXINGTON- 2nd Annual Lexington County John Jackson* Historic Trails Tours. Jane Canaday* COLUMBIA, S. C. 29206 C.T. Paysinger* Telephone 787-5727 Michael Simpson ( Area Code 803) miscellaneous G.T. Moore* Russell Maxey* Jo Pinkard FEBRUARY Charles Young* Full Color Through April 26 AIKEN-Polo Matches each Sunday. Ned Tyler 12-15 David Rosmer* AIKEN- Aiken Tricentennial Celebration. H.G. Andrews Wildflower 13-14 Peter Padua* SPARTANBURG- South Carolina Theatre Con­ John Wrisley ference. 13-15 Needlework CHARLESTON- Municipal Auditorium - Ex­ BLACK & WHITE CONTEST change Club of North Charleston Sports Show. 1st Prize-Ronald Chapiesky Pattern 14-15 2nd Prize-Russell Maxey By ADALEE WINTER BEAUFORT- Annual Camellia Show. GREENVILLE-Greenville Kennel Associa­ 3rd Prize-Ronald Chapiesky as pictured in the June 1968 tion-sponsored Dog Show. 4th Prize-Jacob Koehler Sandlapper 16 5th Prize-Russell Maxey SPARTANBURG- Spartanburg Kennel Club 6th Prize-Edwin Stone Pattern is 12 inches by 18 inches Winter Dog Show. and contains 25 wildflowers 17-19 GREENVILLE- Memorial Auditorium- Ring­ Honorable Mention To purchase your pattern ling Bros. Circus. send $2.00 plus 25d for 18-21 Ned Tyler postage and hand Ii ng to : GREENVILLE - Tex tile Hall - Motor/Sport Russell Maxey* Expo. Edwin Stone* SANDLAPPER 19-21 COLUMBIA- Dreher High Auditorium - Red Jacob Koehler Ronald Chapiesky* P. 0. Box 1668 Stockings Revue. 19-22 Columbia, S. C. 29202 MYRTLE BEACH - Mid-Atlantic Regional *Multiple Winners Bridge Tournament. S. C. resid ents please add 4% sales tax . 20-22 GREENVILLE-Greenville Coin Show.

68 Sand lap per 21 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CAMDEN-Camden Hunter Trials and Martha + + Williams Hunt. + + CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ Charleston County Variety Show. 21-22 TRYON-Bird Dog Field Trials. i Mills' Atlas 1 23 + + ROCK HILL-Winthrop College- Yass Hako­ + + shima, Mime. + + 26-28 t invaluable source material for t COLUMBIA- Ice Varieties of 1970. + + 28-March 1 t historians, genealogists and t AIKEN-Gem and Mineral Show. + + MARCH 3-4 t research workers t HARTSVILLE-Coker College-Arts Festival. + + 3-7 + + COLUMBIA-S.C. High School Basketball + + Tournament. 3-8 GREENVILLE- Memorial Auditorium-Sports 1 $50 postpaid 1 Show. 4-7 + + HARTSVILLE-Coker College-Arts Festival. + + INDIVIDUAL DISTRICT MAPS 7 t t COLUMBIA-Capstone House, USC- Statewide + + conference on how to train guides for his­ + $6 each postpaid + toric house museums and house tours. Main + + speaker: Mrs. Shirley P. Low, supervisor of t Abbeville Fairfield Marlborough t hostess training for Colonial Williamsburg. + Barnwell Georgetown Newberry + (Participants must be preregistered with the Beaufort Greenville Orangeburgh Tricentennial Commission.) + + + Charleston Horry Pendleton t 10-14 + Chester Kershaw Richland + COLUMBIA - Carolina Coliseum-N.C.A.A. Regional Basketball Tournament. t Chesterfield Lancaster Spartanburgh + + Colleton Laurens Union + 12 + Darlington Lexington Williamsburgh t GREENVILLE- Textile Hall - Job Fair. t Edgefield Marion York + + + + + horse shows + Originally published in 1825 by Robert Mills, this Atlas con- + t tains much fascinating information about the South Carolina t FEBRUARY + of 143 years ago. An edition published in 1938 is now a collec- + 14 tor's item. This edition (Wilkins-Keels) with the maps in the AIKEN - Aiken Pony Club Benefit Show. t t + same size as the original is printed on fine quality paper. It+ MARCH t contains all of the 28 district maps and the state map. :I: 1 CAMDEN - Race Horse Training Exhibition. + + 14 t S. C. residents add 4% sales tax. t AIKEN- The Aiken Trials. t Send check or money order t t to t * MILLS' ATLAS i THE BAYLOR SCHOOL + Sandlapper Press, Inc. + Accredited sc holarship . Co llege prep since 1893. Uoys board­ ing 14-1 8. day 12- 18. Semi-mili tary. Endowed awards. Ideal + P. 0. Box 1668 + location. Modern fac ili ties. New science and li brary building. + + Athle tics all ages. Attend own church. SU MM E R CAMP for boys 8- 14 . Write for illustrated ca talog. t Columbia, S. C. 29202 t 14 5 Oicrokce Road Otattanooga, Tennessee 3740 1 + + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ February 1970 69 Whenever he goes to the city, people know He's a backwoodsman, and they pity him For what he is, for what he cannot be. He never can keep the smooth mechanic pace Of the multitude; and even to cross a street Bewilders him. For the wife he dearly loves He buys a ring of brass-----assured it's gold, And for himself a watch that will not run. Getting in the way of those on business bent, He is shoved and hustled. If a shower comes, He is likely to stand under a gutter spout. Amazed by all the myriad sights and sounds, He is abashed at his own ignorance, And full of wonder and mistakes. He looks In awe upon the city's commonplaces. Naive as a child, he tries to join In all the meretricious merriment • Of commerce and the panoply of trade. And if he is polite in a woodland way, Men think his courtesy mere awkwardness. • And if a strumpet smiles at him, he smiles, Thinking her gracious. All who see him, smile With quiet scorn, feeling how much they know­ Princes of Babylon, and he a stranger, A stranger and a fool in a foreign land.

And yet, if those who hold him in contempt Could visit him at home, they soon should find His wisdom matching theirs in a different way, Him their superior. All Nature's moods He registers like a barometer. Of deep concern to him are winds and stars; Momentous are the seasons and the tides; He understands the portents of the skies, And knows the import of the changing voices Out of the forest calling. Friendly to him Is solitude's immense primeval hush. He loves a storm, and even is at home Deep in the dim and meditative night. And he can read the mystic pages old Of Nature's green gigantic book-a dower Far more authentic than all else we have. The music and the stillness of the wilds He comprehends; and he can tell what bird Sings in the wilderness, though far away. By the turned leaf, bent grass and faintest tracks, \ He knows what shadowy wild thing here has passed. ' With such a man of self-sustaining strength Even an urban arch-sophisticate Feels foolish, and a stranger in a land More lordly than the country he has known.

70 Sand lap per BACKWOODSMAN 1 By Archibald Rutledge

\

\i ,I

February 1970 71 Sallie Knerr Printmaker By Louise and Paul Trescott

Above: "La Lucha Sin Fin," a wood­ block and cardboard relief printed on Japanese rice paper. Above right: "Hands," a lithograph and relief, printed on Rives (B.F.K.) paper. Far right: "Seven Virtues," made from relief blocks of various mater­ ials, was inspired by a piece of wood with seven knots. Right: Sallie Knerr working at the lithographic press.

72 Sand lap per ...... ,.,

ere a decathlon in art held to at the University of Georgia. She ored. She was extended every select the best-all-around artist also teaches printmaking at Hastia courtesy despite existence of one of Win South Carolina, as the de­ School of Art at the Gibbes Art the intermittent periods of tension cathlon in the Olympics determines Gallery. between the nations. the best-all-around athlete, Mrs. She has studied and exhibited Mrs. Knerr is truly dedicated to Sallie Frost Knerr of the Isle of throughout the United States, in art work. Her eyes shine and she Palms would certainly be a top Panama and in Brazil. One of her radiates enthusiasm as she talks of competitor. most unusual and gratifying ex­ her experiences. All are related to Her work covers the entire periences occurred while she was in places where she has lived, her field-etchings, lithographs, seri­ Panama with her Naval officer hus­ family and friends. graphs, woodcuts, ink drawings, band, Capt. Hugh S. Knerr (ret.). Part of the reason for her pursuit wood sculpture, ceramics, water­ As in every other place where he of art was her feeling of lack of colors, acrylics, oils, and on down has been stationed around the continuity, for the Knerrs moved the line. You name it and she does world, · she sketched constantly­ every two years. In Latin America it, and, unlike the proverbial jack­ people, landscapes, buildings, fruits, her art helped bridge the language of-all-trades, does it well. In ad­ flowers. Among the natives she be­ gap. An incident from a visit to dition to being one of the busiest came known as "Simpatico." Costa Rica shows how her art has artists in the Charleston area, she Her work came to the attention won friends for her in many was also an assistant professor of of prominent people, and much to countries. art at the Baptist College of her astonishment she was asked to "Hugh could understand spoken Charleston while completing work exhibit in the National Library, the Spanish and I could speak it," Mrs. toward a Master of Fine Arts degree first North American to be so hon- Knerr related. "I knew what I was

February 1970 73 Left: "Airborne," a litho­ graph and serigraph. Below left: "Porcupine," a wood­ block and serigraph, printed on Japanese rice paper.

saying, but nobody else did. He left me sitting with paints on the steps of the cathedral at Cartago while he walked through the town with a camera. As he returned he saw a crowd at the cathedral and antici­ pated either celebration of a re­ ligious holiday or a riot. He hurried and found me nearly inundated by school children who could be per­ suaded only to stand aside enough to allow a partial view of the sub­ ject matter." The human qualities of the Latin )11, Americans (el don de gentes-the gift of people) are such that for­ ·. II eign er s are usually won over. l'i "While I painted on Gavea Beach in ) 1 Rio crowds of children gathered to watch," Mrs. Knerr said. "We in­ l trigued each other for hours. They \ taught me to count in Portuguese while I taught them to count in English. It has seemed a miracle to work in great concentration at dif­ ferent levels at the same time. Their giggles made me happy." ; ! '1,\ Because of the broad scope of ) her work, Mrs. Knerr is bound I l ·H , neither by rules nor by a single \t 'I method. A vast difference exists, l. \ l for example, between the water- 74 Sandlapper color as most people know it and was not encouraged in small -town paper, Hosho special. "It speaks by the etching. The latter is a drawing schools in Missouri when I was a innuendo," says the artist, "thus scratched on a metal plate that has child. One of the greatest privileges simulating poetry." been coated with varnish and then was to be a student of Daniel Mrs. Knerr finds a close affinity treated with a substance that cor­ Garber and live with his family in between engineering and art and rodes the unprotected scratches. Lum berville, Pennsylvania, for a frequently obtains an idea from a The process is intaglio, an image en­ month in 1933." design she sees on her husband's graved below the surface of the Her works are in many private col­ drawing board. Capt. Knerr had 23 material, and was used in early lections in this country, Canada and years' active duty in the Navy as an rotogravure. Latin America. She has executed a engineer before retirement. The serigraph is somewhat number of commissions. While Mrs. Knerr has been a member of similar to silk-screen printing. The working on one of these on Sul­ art societies wherever she has lived, silk is stretched firmly on a frame livan's Island outdoors in summer, including the South Carolina and on which the design is drawn. Color she became extremely uncomfort­ Charleston artists' guilds, the Caro­ is then applied with a squeegee. able from steamy heat, sand, sand­ lina Art Association and the Amer­ When asked if she enjoyed working spurs and assorted mosquito and ican Watercolor Society. She has in this medium, Mrs. Knerr replied gnat bites. "It became questionable served on a committee to assist the enthusiastically, "I love whatever whether I would last it out and, if so, board of directors of the Guild of process I am using." why," Mrs. Knerr related. South Carolina Artists, which holds Lithographing is the art of put­ Two of Mrs. Knerr's prints, one juried exhibition a year, alter­ ting a design on stone with a greasy "Seven Virtues" and "Airborne," nately in Florence, Columbia, material. The success of the process have attracted wide attention. They Greenville and Charleston art depends on the antipathy between were made from relief blocks of museums. grease and water. various materials, printed on dif­ Commenting on the interest These methods illustrate the ver­ ferent papers and sometimes with shown by friends and relatives in satility required of an all-around combined media. "The com­ her art, Mrs. Knerr said, "I have artist. bination," says the artist, "was a been fortunate to be with those The character of Mrs. Knerr's discipline I assumed in the hope of who help each other and the as­ work ranges from dreamy masses of finding refreshment when the work sociation has been a satisfaction for delicate color to strong splashes of reached an impasse. The aim was to all. In addition the encouragement titanic proportions. In her studio become so familiar with the tech­ and lack of jealousy of my husband these opposite approaches often nical problems of the various media is a blessing. The interest and help stand side by side. Such diversity that the work became free and in­ of my mother, sisters and Hugh's quickens and sharpens interest. Her tuitive, unconfined to reason, and parents as well lift my spirits." inspirations, too, are a mixture of produced the unusual and a variety Mrs. Knerr's studio and her hus­ quiet nature and roaring, boiling of effects." Both prints were in­ band's drawing boards occupy the motifs that tell all sorts of stories to cluded in showings at the Gibbes entire first floor of their home. the beholder. Art Gallery and the Georgia They work whenever inspiration Mrs. Knerr speaks freely of her Museum. About a year ago they strikes them, often at two in the work and is gracious in explaining were reproduced in the Christian morning. Capt. Knerr himself built her abstract themes. After her inter­ Science Monitor to illustrate an the odd-sized shelving and cabinets pretation they do not seem so article on Mrs. Knerr's work by to hold supplies and to store both abstract. As a child in her native Louisa Frost Turley. raw materials and finished work. Missouri, Mrs. Knerr became in­ In this article it was stated that Many artists' studios are literally terested in art, and attended the development of the series began such a mess that it is necessary to University of Missouri, majoring in with "Airborne," a serigraph-litho­ spend as much time hunting for commercial art. This proved for­ graph. It combines media and was something as to do the work itself. tunate, for in the depression years done by intuition and the use of Not this one. It is as orderly and she made her living as a commercial abstract means. The artist had not well kept as the house of a family artist. Later she studied at the previously worked in the abstract, expecting important company. National Academy of Design, re­ but now wanted to find a synthesis Consequently no time is wasted ceived a bachelor's degree from of representational with abstract searching for a desired item. Per­ George Washington University and which enhanced the two. haps that is one of the reasons why the Master of Fine Arts from the The idea for "Seven Virtues" Mrs. Knerr has been able to accom­ University of Georgia, with a major came from a piece of wood with plish so much. in printmaking. seven knots. This more sophisti­ "Teachers were very important cated combination of colors and Louise and Paul Trescott are from to me," Mrs. Knerr said, "since art spaces is printed on Japanese rice Isle of Palms.

February 1970 75 Sandlapper 76 TOWNSEND HOUSE

Left: The Townsend House, painted by Betty Faircloth. The frame building is one of Abbeville's oldest homes. This painting hangs in the Abbeville Savings and Loan Asso­ ciation Building. Above: The living room with its five-foot colonial mantel, which is noted for its harmonious proportions. Above the mantel is a portrait of Meekin Town­ send, owner of the state's first cotton factory. Draperies are of imported blue linen.

BY NANCY C. WYLIE

February 1970 77 s my architectural education .____ .,.; ·----- .... . and experience increased so did Amy respect for the architecture and planning of the structure." Thus, a prominent Greenwood architect, the late James C. Hemp­ l hill, gives his evaluation of the two­ story frame Townsend house, one of Abbeville's oldest homes. Built between 1835 and 1840, it was the home first of James Shillito and his family and later of his descendants. The house, at 209 Main St., has always remained in the family and has never been remodeled. The porch across the front has columns that taper to the top, and steps that come up from the side. At each end of the house is a large chimney, and the lean-to room at the rear of the house has a smaller chimney typical of the architecture of the period. Only the picket fence separates the house from the sidewalk. Box­ wood as old as the house fill the side yard; a rose garden is in the rear. Business developments have crowded in and may soon take over. If so, when the old house is gone, Betty Faircloth's painting will

Left: Mrs. Charles P. Townsend Jr. in the living room of her home. Above: The hallway showing the wide boards , originally used for the interior walls. Right: An ornamental wood grille, one of the few additions to the original house, separates the living and dining rooms.

78 Sand lap per preserve its image, for Abbeville father, Meekin Townsend, who of dark green wine bottles and Savings and Loan Association com­ owned the first cotton factory in broken red glass is displayed at missioned the artist to paint a like­ South Carolina. (Located near Ben­ times. This colorful ornament is a ness of the Townsend House and nettsville, it became known as "the project from a course taken in other historic local structures. Old Burnt Factory," after part of it California. The present occupant, Mrs. was destroyed by fire.) When Mr. Townsend retired in Charles Pinckney Townsend Jr. The Hepplewhite secretary came 1959, the Townsends began spend­ (Mary Lawson Link), was born in from Mrs. Townsend's father-in­ ing the winters in either Florida or this house, which was built by her law, Judge Charles Pinckney Town­ California and the summers in great-grandfather, and she lived send. The cabinet doors of this North Carolina. Mrs. Townsend here until she was nine yeal's old. mahogany piece have their original continued her study of flowers and At that time, the Link children lost panes of glass. A candle stand, sew­ also began studying art. their mother; they (Mary, Kitty and ing table and lamp are other heir­ Over the dining room mantel William) moved next door to live looms that lend interest to the liv­ hangs an oil painting of the Town­ with their aunt and uncle, the W.D. ing room. sends' cat, Doodie, who for 20 Wilsons. Among the items that Mary years was a member of the family. From the Abbeville schools, Townsend has collected are vases He traveled with his owners to Cal­ Mary Link went on to Agnes Scott and bowls for flowers, and several ifornia four times, spent several College for three and a half years. Madonnas. The latter are prized winters in Florida, and "loved it at Illness cut short her college work, possessions. Concerning her Chinese Highlands," North Carolina, where but later she took extension courses Madonna, she says, "I had looked Mrs. Townsend spends the summer. from the University of South Caro­ for this particular Madonna from When Doodie died last fall, he was lina and the University of Georgia. Canada to Mexico when I found it buried in Mrs. Townsend's rose She taught for a short time before in a shop in Tijuana. Everywhere I garden. her marriage in 1921 to Townsend. had been told that the Kuan Yin Townsend House, with its un­ Her husband, a graduate of Clem­ with the Christ child was not remodeled structure, its antiques, son College, had been a first lieu­ made .... After some Chinese were heirlooms, portraits, and bric­ tenant in World War I and had converted to Christianity, they used a-brac, represents the flow of life, served for six months on the Paris the same Kuan Yin ( earlier used culture and style in one family's Peace Commission. Mary had with a lotus) for the Madonna and lineage for well over a century. worked for the Red Cross in World placed the Christ child in her While it stands, the house remains War I. arms." an evocative landmark for not only The Townsends moved into the In the Townsend dining room is its owner, Mrs. Townsend, but also house in which Mrs. Townsend was a six-legged Sheraton sideboard for others for whom it furnishes a born, and made it their home until handed down from Mary Town­ continuum with another time. Mr. Townsend's death in December send's paternal great-grandparents. 1968. Heirlooms in the house On the cherry drop-leaf table a Nancy Wylie is a free-lance writer mutely appeal for attention as do Christmas glass tree made of pieces from Winnsboro. the architectural details of the rooms. Concerning the living room, James Hemphill says: "The colonial mantel is probably the most attract­ ive feature of the interior. Although the height of this mantel is over five feet, the proportions are in perfect harmony with other features in the room. Moldings are truly colonial and of sufficient size and shape to cast attractive shadows. The orna­ mental wood grille in the upper part of the arch between the living room and the dining room, though added at a later date, is also beauti­ fully designed and adds to the at­ tractiveness of these two rooms." Over the mantel hangs an oil por­ trait of her late husband's grand-

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80 Sand lap per Especially Timely during this Tricentennial year

The collected articles from our first year's issues, many of which are now out of print

All articles from the 1968 issues of Sandlapper have postage and handling and 60 cents S. C. sales tax. Not been consolidated in a handsome, hard-bound volume, inexpensive, but a bargain when one considers the quality aptly named Sandlapper 1968. of the cloth binding and paper and lavish use of color. Articles in this 724-page book feature interesting Whether you are a collector of Caroliniana or desire people, places and things throughout the state, and are to present it to a friend, relative or business acquaintance geographically arranged as follows: Low Country, Up who is, you can be assured that Sandlapper 1968 will be Country, Midlands and Statewide. Abundant illustrations appreciated. -many in full color-depict the state from the mountains In fact, if you're purchas;ng Sandlapper 1968 for a gift, to the sea. you might be weli advised to purchase two copies. We The cost of this magnificent book is $15, plus 50 cents think you'll want to keep a copy!

SANDLAPPER - THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, BOX 1668, COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA 29202 Winter brings its silent surprise to the Piedmont.

Clausserls Bread Another tradition in South Carolina