Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81803-2 - The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stars James B. Kaler Index More information Index Page numbers in italic refer to figures 21-centimeter line 36, 214, 256 Alpha Crucis 145 astrometry 41 47 Tucanae 176 Alpha Cygni stars 188, 196 astronomical triangle 34 51 Pegasi 227, 228 Alpha Gemmorum see Castor Astronomical Unit 62 53 Persei stars 196 Alpha Librae see Zubenelgenubi asymptotic giant branch 257 Alpha Persei cluster 167, 168 see also AGB stars Alphard 14 Atlas Coelestis 17 A Altair 10, 14, 135 atmospheric extinction 49 aberration of starlight 40 altitude 28 atoms 124, 125 absorption, continuous 130 AM Herculis stars 159 Auriga 4, 10 absorption limits 130 ambipolar diffusion 220 aurora 236 absorption lines 99, 100, 125–7, 129, American Association of Variable Star Autumnal Equinox 32 198 Observers 189 azimuth 28 equivalent width 136–7 Andromeda 4, 9, 10 accretion disk 155 Andromeda Galaxy 22, 73, 80 B Achernar 10, 14, 135 angular diameters 8 Acrux 14 angular momentum 146 Baade, Walter 82 Adhara 9, 14 anomalous X-ray pulsars 284 Baade–Wesselink method 74, 179 Ae/Be stars 221 Antapex see Apex Bailey, S.I. 194 AGB stars 257–8, 273 Antares 8, 14 Bailey-type Cepheids 194 in globular clusters 177 anticenter Balmer jump 55 winds 263 open clusters 311 Balmer limit 130 age variable stars 312 Balmer series 100, 101 from chromospheric activity 256 Antlia 4, 11 Bappu, M.K.V. 75 from isochrones 171, 256 Apex 87, 88, 90 barium stars 159 from lithium content 256 Apus 4 Barnard, E.E. 209 from rotation velocities 256 Aquarius 4 Barnard’s Star 62, 65 globular clusters 180 Aquila 4, 10 Barnes–Evans technique 74 morphological age index 171 Ara 4 Bayer designations, open clusters 167 open clusters 171 Arabic nomenclature 13 Bayer, Johannes 15 AI Velorum stars 188, 196 Arches 170 designations 15 airmass 49 Arcturus 9, 10, 14 errors 17 Aitken, Robert 144 Argelander, Friedrich 18–19 map 15, 16 Albireo 14, 144, 145 Argo 9–10 BD number 20 Alcor 9, 9, 14, 145, 161 Aries 4 B[e] stars 116, 272 Alcyone 14 associations (clusters) 165–6, 173, Be stars 203–4, 272 Aldebaran 8, 14, 19 177 Beehive cluster M44 22, 167 Algedi 13 OB associations 173–5, 175, Bell, Jocelyn 282 Algol 9, 14, 47, 153, 156 222 Bellatrix 14 Algol paradox 156 R associations 166 Berkeley 17, 172 Algol systems 156 Scorpius associations 174 Besselian year 38 Alkaid 13 T associations 166, 222 Bessell, Friedrich 62 Almagest 3 asterisms 2, 8 Beta Cephei stars 187, 188, 196, 255 almucantars 35 asteroids 215 Beta Cygni see Albireo Alpha Andromedae 17 asteroseismology 243 beta decay 259 Alpha Centauri 10, 145 astrology 3 Beta Doradus 191 parallax 62 astrometric binaries 143 Beta Eridani 205 314 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81803-2 - The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stars James B. Kaler Index More information Index 315 Beta Lyrae 153 Capricorn, Tropic of 3 luminosity 192 Beta Pictoris 227 Capricornus 4 masses 192 Beta Tauri 17 carbon burning 273 periodicity 192 Betelgeuse 9, 13, 14, 201 carbon cycle 239, 240, 245 period–luminosity Big Dipper 9, 53 see also Ursa Major carbon stars 114, 115, 114–15, 200 relationship 71–3, 192–3 binary stars see double stars dwarfs 159 Population II cepheids 193–4 bipolar flow 216 Carina 4, 10 RR Lyrae stars 194–5 birthline 221 Nebula 10 RV Tauri stars 194 BL Herculis stars 188, 194 Cassiopeia 4, 9, 10 s-Cepheids 192 black holes 287, 285–7 Cassiopeia A 288 used for distance measurement 71, event horizon 286 Cassiopeia OB5 173 74 Black Widow pulsar 285, 286 Cas–Tau association 175 W Virginis stars 194 blackbodies 119, 122–4 Castor 8, 8, 14, 145 Cepheus 4, 9 law 123 triple system 145, 161 Cepheus OB2 173 non-blackbodies 124–5 Cat’s Eye Nebula 260 Cetus 4, 186 radiation 123 cataclysmic binaries 143 CH stars 159 Blazhko effect 195 cataclysmic variables 143, 156–8 Chamaeleon 4 blue loops 255 catalogues Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan Blue Snowball Nebula 260 double stars 254 blue stragglers 188 General Catalogue of Double Stars 144 Chandrasekhar limit 254, 266 in globular clusters 181 New General Catalogue of Double charge-coupled device 47 Bode, Johannes 12, 17 Stars 144 chemical composition, from line Bohr, Niels 127 Southern Double Star Catalogue 144 strengths 136–7 Bok, Bart 209 United States Naval Observatory Double globular clusters 177 Bok globules 209, 220 Star Catalogue 144 Sun 137, 303 bolometers 53 non-stellar chemical contamination, double bolometric correction 53, 53 Messier Catalogue 22 stars 159 bolometric flux 131 General Catalogue of Nebulae 22 chemical enrichment 281 Bonner Durchmusterung 18, 18, 20, 38 Index Catalogues (IC) 22 chemical ratios 251 Bootes¨ 4, 9 New General Catalogue of Nebulae chemistry Bowen, I.S. 261 (NGC) 22 globular clusters 177 Brahe, Tycho 12, 13–15, 275 stellar interstellar 209 brehmsstrahlung 262 Bonner Durchmusterung 18 Chi Cygni 198 Bright Star Catalogue 13, 19–20 Bright Star Catalogue 13, 19–20 Chi Persei see Double Cluster British Astronomical Association Cape Photographic Durchmusterung 19 Circinus 4 Variable Star Section 189 Cordoba Durchmusterung 18 circumpolar stars 29, 30 brown dwarfs 244, 256 see also stars, Henry Draper Catalogue 19 clump stars 255 T stars Hipparcos Input Catalogue 20–1 clusters evolution 249, 256 Hubble Guide Star Catalogue 21 age 171 formation 221, 227 S¨udliche Bonner Durchmusterung 18 ancient 172 main sequence 250 Tycho Catalogue 21 moving 67 Burnham, S.W. 144 Tycho-2 Catalogue 21 open 165, 167–72, 311 CCDs 48 Arches 170 celestial coordinates see ecliptic Bayer designations 167 C coordinates classification 168–9 Caelum 4 celestial poles 27, 28 core radius 169 Camelopardalis 4 celestial sphere 26–7 distances 168 Cancer 4 Centaurus 4, 10, 11 evolution 171–2 Cancer, Tropic of 3 cepheid period–luminosity relation 73 major examples 168 Canes Venatici 4, 11 Cepheid variables 9, 73, 187, 191–5 Messier catalogue 167 Canis Major 4, 9 BL Herculis stars 188, 194 nomenclature 170 Canis Minor 4, 9 classical 188, 191–3 Quintuplet 170 Canopus 10, 13, 14 driver 193 stability 165 Cape Photographic Durchmusterung 19 Hertzsprung progression 192 tidal radius 169–75 Capella 10, 14 instability strip 192 Trumpler classification 169 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81803-2 - The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Stars James B. Kaler Index More information 316 Index CN cycle 245 see carbon cycle declination 29 eclipsing binaries 77, 143, 152–4 CNO cycle see carbon cycle deflagration 281 asphericity 154 collapse, star formation 220 degeneracy 254 gravity brightening 154 color 54–5 Delphinus 5, 10 light curves 152 B – V 106 Delta Cephei 191, 192 limb darkening 153 differences 55 Delta Scorpii 204 line of apsides 154 excess 57 Delta Scuti stars 187, 196, 255 mass–luminosity relation 153 index 47, 54 Deneb 10, 13, 14 partial eclipse 152 temperature 132 Denebola 14 primary eclipse 152 color–color plot 55, 55 denenerate gas 254 reflection effect 154 color–magnitude diagrams 55, 113, detached binaries 143 rotation 154 113 detonation 281 stellar properties 153 globular clusters 178, 179 diffuse nebulae 214 evolution of binaries 267 open clusters 170, 171 dimensions 214 fragile binaries 148 Columba 5 temperature 213 in globular clusters 183 Coma Berenices 5, 12, 15, 167, 168 disks, circumstellar 218 hierarchical binaries 161 comets 215 distance measurement techniques interacting binaries 155–60 Hale–Bopp 226 Baade–Wesselink 74, 179 magnitude determinations composite spectrum 143 binary stars 77 144–5 Comte, August 98 Cepheid variables 71, 74 mass function 151 constellations expansion parallaxes 76 mass ratios 149–50 birth 2 galactic rotation 68 mass transfer 139 classical 3–10 interstellar reddening 57, 75 nomenclature 144 contact binaries 143, 155, 160, 160 main sequence fitting 70–1 observations 147–8 convection 233 moving cluster method 66 optical doubles 143 coordinate conversions 34 novae and supernovae 74–5 orbital inclination 150 Cor Caroli 14 parallax 62–4, 178 orbits 145–7, 148 Cordoba Durchmusterung 18, 20 spectroscopic 69–70 position angle 147 core-collapse light curves 280 statistical 67–8 semi-detached binaries 143, 155 core-collapse supernovae 278 Population II variables 73–4 spectroscopic binaries 143, 149, Corona Australis 5, 10 reversed moving cluster 149–51 Corona Borealis 5, 10 method 66–7 double-lined 143 Corvus 5, 10 Wilson–Bappu effect 75 ideal systems 149 cosmic rays 288 distance modulus 69 real systems 149–51 Cousins, A.W.J. 50 Doppler shift 76, 84–6 star formation in binary Crab Nebula 76, 270, 276, 282 broadening 135 systems 222–3 pulsar 135, 283, 290 imaging 138, 139 symbiotic stars 159 SNR 288 Dorado 5 tidal forces 155 supernova 276 Double Cluster in Perseus 167, tidal bulge 155 Crater 5, 10 168 velocity curves 150 Crux 5, 11, 12 double stars visual binaries 143, 144–8 Cygnus 5, 10 accretion disk 155 X-ray binaries 159, 285 X-1 287 Algol systems 156 high-mass 285 angular separation 147 in globular clusters 183 astrometric binaries 143 low-mass 285 D cataclysmic binaries 143 double-shell burning stars see AGB daily paths 30 catalogues see catalogues stars dark matter 92 center of mass 147 DOV stars 197 dark nebulae 209–11 chemical contamination 159 DQ Herculis 159 DAV stars 187, 197 circularized orbits 156 Draco 5, 10 David Dunlap Observatory 51 classical novae 157 dredge-ups Davis, Ray 241 contact binaries 143, 155, 160, first 253 DBV stars 187, 188, 197 160 second 257 de Lacaille, Nicolas 11 detached binaries 143 third 258 de Lalande, Joseph 17 eccentricity 150 Dreyer, J.L.E.