FPO DESIGN, PLANNING, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND VOLUME 35VOLUME 2 NUMBER 2016 Landscape Journal

LANDSCAPE JOURNAL DESIGNING LIVING LANDSCAPES VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2 2016 Landscape Journal

DESIGN, PLANNING, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND

Special Issue: Designing Living Landscapes Guest Editors: Cari Goetcheus, Robin Karson, Ethan Carr

Landscape Journal 35:2 2016

Landscape Journal is the journal of the Council of Educators in and is edited by faculty in the College of Environment and Design at The University of and the Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Minnesota. The journal is published twice yearly by the Univer- sity of Wisconsin Press. Landscape Journal

Editors Landscape Journal is peer-reviewed anonymously and published Daniel J. Nadenicek, The University of Georgia twice yearly by the University of Wisconsin Press. Landscape Jour- David G. Pitt, University of Minnesota nal is listed in the Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, the Architectural Publications Index, and Scopus. Consulting Editors Arnold Alanen, University of Wisconsin, Madison Postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin, and additional mailing offices. M. Elen Deming, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign Kenneth I. Helphand, University of Oregon Authorization to reproduce material from this journal, beyond Lance Neckar, Pitzer College one copy for personal use or that permitted by Sections 107 and James Palmer, Burlington, Vermont 108 of US Copyright Law, is granted for a fee. For fee schedule Robert B. Riley, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign and payment information, contact: The Copyright Clearance Cen- ter, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Book Review Editor Tel 978 750 8400 Fax 978 750 4470 www.copyright.com. Liat Margolis, University of Toronto ©2017 the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Conference Review Editor Alan Tate, University of Manitoba Editorial Office Landscape Journal, College of Environment and Design, The Managing Editor University of Georgia, 285 S. Jackson Street, Athens, Georgia, Ashley N. Steff ens, The University of Georgia 30602 [email protected]. Tel 706 542 8113 Fax 706 542 4485.

Managing Copy Editor The editors invite the submission of manuscripts reporting results Melissa Tufts, The University of Georgia of research and scholarly investigation relating to landscape design, planning, and management. Correspondence and proposals for Layout Editor potential manuscripts are welcome. Submission of a paper to Land- Kevan Williams, The University of Georgia scape Journal implies that it has neither been published elsewhere nor is under consideration by another periodical. Editorial Assistants Kristen Daye-Largie, The University of Georgia Detailed Manuscript Guidelines can be found on the submission Bryan Zubalsky, The University of Georgia website: lj.msubmit.net; for additional information visit the Univer- sity of Wisconsin Press website: www.uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/ Editorial Board index.html. Lodewijk Baljon, Lodewijk Baljon Landschapsarchitecten, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Business Office Patrick Condon, University of British Columbia, All correspondence about advertising, subscriptions, and allied M. Elen Deming, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign matters should be sent to: Journal Division, University of Wiscon- Mark Francis, University of California, Davis sin Press, 1930 Monroe Street, 3rd floor, Madison, WI 53711-2059, Peter Jacobs, University of Montréal or www.uwpress.wisc.edu/journals/journals/lj.html. Douglas Johnston, Iowa State University Eckart Lange, The University of Sheffi eld Subscription Rate Robert Melnick, University of Oregon One year: $264 print and electronic ($232 electronic only) busi- Elizabeth Meyer, University of nesses, libraries, government agencies, and public institutions; $90 Joan Nassauer, University of Michigan individuals ($80 electronic only), CELA members $72, individuals Linda Schneekloth, SUNY Buff alo must prepay; foreign subscribers add $24 per year. Subscribers may Stephen Sheppard, University of British Columbia, Canada now access current and back issues of Landscape Journal online: Anne Spirn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology lj.uwpress.org. Frederick Steiner, University of , Austin Simon Swaffi eld, Lincoln University, The Editorial staff of Landscape Journal wishes to acknowledge the Marc Treib, University of California, Berkeley continuing support of the Wormsloe Foundation in support of the production of the journal. Their continuing contributions are help- Ex officio ful to our endeavors as editors. Mark Boyer, President, Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture Front cover Gregory A. Miller, President and Fellow, American Society Rendering of the entrance to Powell Furnace Park (Courtesy of of Landscape Architects Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects). Figure 7 in Ecology and Culture in the Design of Urban Parks by Thomas Woltz.

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