Predicting Sea Level Rise

VOL. 96  NO. 21  15 NOV 2015

Earth & Space Science News

Probing for Earthquake Origins

13 Minisatellites Launched

New AGU Fellows Recognizing the exceptional scientific contributions and achievements of eighty-five individuals

Prize Recipients • Union Awardees • Fellows • Medalists

Ceremony Wednesday, 16 December, 6:00 PM Moscone North, Hall E Moscone Convention Center

Open to the Public

Banquet Wednesday, 16 December, 8:30 PM Yerba Buena Ballroom, San Francisco Marriott Marquis

Ticketed Event • Dinner and Dancing • Business Attire Cash bar in the Honors Banquet Lounge Earth & Space Science News Contents

15 NOVEMBER 2015 PROJECT UPDATE VOLUME 96, ISSUE 21

Urbanization Affects Air 13 and Water in Italy’s Po Plain Satellite and ground-based measurements show a correlation between urban growth and increased levels of pollutants.

NEWS

U.S. Launches 13 New Minisatellites Tiny CubeSat satellites made of one or more cube-like modules roughly the size of coffee mugs offer a compact and inexpensive way to conduct research and other activities in space.

RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT

COVER 25 On the Rocks: The Challenges of Predicting Sea Level Rise Probing for Earthquakes’ Origins As the loss of West Antarctica’s ice sheet threatens to raise sea level To better understand how earthquakes and flood the world’s coasts, scientists must improve projections by nucleate, scientists spy on the Alpine Fault understanding the physics where glaciers meet the ocean. in New Zealand.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents

DEPARTMENTS

Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at [email protected] .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA; [email protected] José D. Fuentes David Halpern Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board M. Lee Allison, Earth and Space Xin-Zhong Liang, Global Science Informatics Environmental Change Michael A. Ellis, Earth and Planetary Jian Lin, Tectonophysics Surface Processes Figen Mekik, Paleoceanography Arlene M. Fiore, Atmospheric Sciences and Paleoclimatology Nicola J. Fox, Space Physics Jerry L. Miller, Ocean Sciences and Aeronomy Michael A. Mischna, Planetary Steve Frolking, Biogeosciences Sciences Edward J. Garnero, Study of the Thomas H. Painter, Cryosphere Earth’s Deep Interior Sciences Michael N. Gooseff, Hydrology Roger A. Pielke Sr., Natural Hazards 5 Kristine C. Harper, History Michael Poland, Geodesy of Geophysics Eric M. Riggs, Education Emily R. Johnson, Volcanology, Adrian Tuck, Nonlinear Geophysics Geochemistry, and Petrology Sergio Vinciguerra, Mineral Keith D. Koper, Seismology and Rock Physics 17–24 AGU News Robert E. Kopp, Geomagnetism Earle Williams, Atmospheric and Paleomagnetism and Space Electricity Celebrating the 2015 Class of Fellows; John W. Lane, Near-Surface Mary Lou Zoback, Societal Impacts Meet the 2015–2016 Congressional Geophysics and Policy Sciences Science Fellows; Donors Can Help Staff AGU Climb to Greater Heights. Production: Faith A. Ishii, Production Manager; Melissa A. Tribur, Senior Production Specialist; Liz Castenson, Editor’s Assistant; Yael Fitzpatrick, Manager, Design and Branding; Valerie Bassett and Travis Frazier, Electronic Graphics Specialists 25–26 Research Spotlight Editorial: Peter L. Weiss, Manager/Senior News Editor; Mohi Kumar, Scientific Content Editor; Randy Showstack, Senior News Writer; JoAnna Wendel, Writer; Probing for Earthquakes’ Origins; Shannon Kelleher and Cody Sullivan, Interns Cave “Breathing” Affects Mineral Marketing: Angelo Bouselli and Mirelle Moscovitch, Marketing Analysts Growth and Climate Clues. Advertising: Christy Hanson, Manager; Tel: +1-202-777-7536; Email: advertising@ agu.org

©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may 27–36 Research Spotlight be photocopied by individual scientists for research or classroom use. Permission Current job openings in the Earth is also granted to use short quotes, figures, and tables for publication in scientific books and journals. For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU Publications and space sciences. 23 Office. Eos (ISSN 0096-3941) is published semi-monthly, on the 1st and 15th of the month except the 1st of January 2015 by the American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Inside Back Cover: Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. Periodical Class postage paid at Washington, 3–5 News Postcards from the Field D. C., and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Member Service Center, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. Mysterious Boulders Suggest Folded sheets of lava from Craters Member Service Center: 8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Eastern time; Tel: +1-202-462-6900; Ancient 800-Foot-Tall Tsunami; of the Moon (COTM) National Fax: +1-202-328-0566; Tel. orders in U.S.: 1-800-966-2481; Email: [email protected]. U.S. Launches 13 New Minisatellites; Monument and Preserve in Idaho. Use AGU’s Geophysical Electronic Manuscript Submissions system to submit a Physics Nobel Winners Also Solved manuscript: http://eos-submit.agu.org. Solar Mystery. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect official positions of the On the Cover American Geophysical Union unless expressly stated. An ice arch in the Southern Ocean Christine W. McEntee, Executive Director/CEO 6–7 Opinion off the coast of Antarctica. Credit: Why Seismic Networks Need Digital flickr/Michael Sale, CC BY-NC 2.0 Object Identifiers. (http://bit.ly/ccbync2-0)

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However, Peter Talling, an expert in sedi- Mysterious Boulders Suggest mentology and geohazards at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, U.K., Ancient 800-Foot-Tall Tsunami who wasn’t involved in the research, said that he wasn’t fully convinced that a megatsunami is the only explanation for the boulders’ location. “It has always been problematic to prove hat kind of force could lift almost weeks. However, because a megatsunami is that boulders on land are emplaced by tsu- 50 van-sized boulders and hurl the only explanation for the huge boulders namis,” Talling said. “This is simply because W them 220 meters (720 feet) above littering Santiago’s plateau, a large collapse such boulders can also be placed by a range sea level onto a volcanic plateau? must have happened at least initially, of less exotic processes.” This question puzzled geophysicist Ramalho said. If the boulders did come from below, a Ricardo Ramalho since 2007, when he first “We are not the first study to suggest this strong storm wave could have done the came across the mysterious boulders on can happen; we are just providing another heavy lifting, Talling said. Or the boulders Santiago Island—a small Atlantic island line of evidence that actually confirms that could have simply rolled from above. Talling almost 1000 kilometers due west of Senegal. this flank collapse might happen suddenly suggested that a more thorough mapping of But it wasn’t until some colleagues found and catastrophically and generate giant tsu- the island is needed to confirm the origins of evidence of tsunami deposits on the island namis,” he continued. the boulders. in 2011 that Ramalho made the connection— perhaps these boulders are remnants of an Gradually or All at Once? extraordinarily huge tsunami, also known as Scientists are not entirely sure what triggers a “megatsunami.” one of the huge volcanic collapses that After dating the boulders, Ramalho real- might have produced a megatsunami, ized there was only one event in the area Ramalho said, and there is also controversy that was possibly capable of triggering such surrounding whether the collapses happen a towering wave—the Fogo volcano flank in one catastrophic event or gradually, over collapse, where 160 cubic kilometers days or weeks. (40 cubic miles) of rock from the nearby vol- Evidence from the Hawaiian Islands in the cano slid off into the ocean. If that collapse, Pacific Ocean and Canary Islands off the or part of it, had taken place suddenly, the coast of Spain points to megatsunamis cre- mountain of rock hitting the sea could have ated by volcanic flank collapses that hap- triggered a tsunami 240 meters (800 feet) pened in one catastrophic event, dumping high, Ramalho and his colleagues report— Ricardo Ramalho hundreds of cubic kilometers into the ocean A member of a research team hammers the surface of a roughly 8 times higher than the greatest and generating unimaginably large waves. huge rock on Santiago Island, which lies off the west peak of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami that One study even claimed that the Canary coast of Africa. The team published new evidence on killed more than 225,000 people. The largest Islands are at a huge risk today from a vol- 2 October that an enormous tsunami may have carried tsunami ever witnessed by humans was 526 cano collapse. But these studies were met this and many other hefty boulders high up onto the meters (1724 feet) high in Alaska’s Lituya with a lot of skepticism. More likely, those island. Bay in 1958—but it was able to get that high skeptics say, these volcanic flanks collapse because it was in a confined space. in multiple, smaller landslides that create “There was no other explanation than a The Boulders tsunamis that are less spectacular but still very large tsunami that would have been Every one of the 49 boulders that Ramalho hazardous. able to carry the boulders from the cliff edge and his team found is composed of the same In the new study, the authors concede this and cliff face and bring them to the top of material that makes up the cliffs hundreds point and offer a solution—that the Fogo the plateau,” said Ramalho, an assistant of meters below. To find out how long the volcano flank collapse occurred initially as professor at the University of Bristol in the boulders had been sitting on the plateau, the one large event, spurring the 240-meter- United Kingdom. He and his team published researchers measured a helium isotope pro- high wave, followed by multiple, smaller the research on 2 October in Science Advances duced in the boulders’ olivine minerals at a events. (http://bit.ly/megatsunami). known rate by exposure to cosmic rays. Ramalho explained that the amount of the Modern-Day Risks Volcanic Collapse isotope in the boulders’ top surfaces—which Ramalho stresses that although these events By studying the tsunami deposits around the would not have been exposed prior to the can occur and have occurred in the past, they Fogo volcano—which is one of the largest rocks’ displacement—told his team that the are very rare, so there is little risk. Studying and most active volcanoes in the world— boulders had been sitting atop the plateau these events should inform our understand- previous scientists had dated the collapse to for about 73,000 years, which falls within ing of the hazards associated with large sometime between 65 and 124 thousand the estimated dates of the Fogo flank col- ocean volcanoes, but there is no evidence years ago. But deposits left over from the lapse. that a volcano flank collapse is imminent, collapse tell two different stories. The researchers also found deposits con- Ramalho said, at Fogo or elsewhere. Some researchers concluded that the Fogo taining marine jetsam such as shells so high flank collapse happened gradually, with above sea level that the only explanation was multiple events occurring over days or an enormous tsunami, Ramalho said. By JoAnna Wendel, Staff Writer

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 3 NEWS

U.S. Launches 13 New Minisatellites

ute to the data sets tribes use.” Students at Salish Kootenai College in Montana helped to develop the satellite.

Demonstrating Data Transfer Rates Several industry-developed CubeSats also rode into space aboard the rocket. Aerospace Corporation built AeroCube-5c and AeroCube-7 to demonstrate increased data transfer rates by laser, said John Serafini, vice president of Allied Minds, a company working with Aerospace Corp. “We demand immediate access to our data here on Earth,” Serafini noted at the briefing. “Why don’t we demand the same of data that has originated from low Earth orbit?” NASA sponsored four of the CubeSats deployed by the October mission. The U.S. National Reconnaissance Office sponsored

UAF/Todd Paris UAF/Todd the other nine CubeSats that accompanied Patrick Wade, a mechanical engineering major at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, inspects the Alaska Research the surveillance agency’s classified NROL-55 CubeSat 1, which he helped design and build. mission. By sponsoring CubeSats, NASA aims “to promote small spacecraft as a paradigm shift classified U.S. satellite mission that BisonSat includes a camera for Earth obser- for NASA and the larger space community,” launched on 8 October deployed more vation. “A number of tribal governments are Steve Jurczyk, NASA associate administrator A than just a spy satellite. It also active in using space-based imagery for land for Space Technology, said at the briefing. released into orbit 13 miniature CubeSats, decisions,” said principal investigator Tim which hitchhiked aboard the flight. Olson at an 8 October NASA news briefing. In a growing trend, space agencies in the “We hope that our mission is able to contrib- By Randy Showstack, Staff Writer United States and elsewhere are turning to such nanosatellites, each built of one or more 10 × 10 × 11 centimeter cube-shaped units, as a compact, low-cost means to conduct scientific research, Earth observation, technology development, and student experiments.

Student Training Students contributed to several projects that flew aboard the Atlas V rocket launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The first CubeSat from Alaska, the Alaska Research CubeSat 1 (ARC-1), was meant to measure the thermal environment inside the launch vehicle, among other tasks. The device began as a training project in space system engineering at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Graduate student Morgan Johnson, who was team lead on the project, found it “interesting to take this project from what we are learning in school and have it launch in space.” NASA The October launch also marked the first Two tiny satellites, known as NanoRacks CubeSats, speed through space last year after their February 2014 release time a CubeSat from a Native American tribal from the International Space Station. On 8 October of this year, the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) college went to space. The 1-kilogram launched 13 NRO- and NASA-sponsored CubeSats into space aboard a rocket.

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Physics Nobel Winners Also Solved Solar Mystery

hysicists Takaaki Kajita from the Uni- versity of Tokyo in Japan and Arthur B. P McDonald of Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, received the Nobel Prize in Physics on 6 October for their pioneering discovery that neutrinos, elusive subatomic particles that are constantly streaming through all of space, even straight through the Earth, can change from one form to another. This finding in turn proved that the tiny particles have mass—a discovery that challenges the prevailing theory of par- ticle physics, known as the standard model. In the process of discovering the neutrino’s changeable nature, the scientists also solved a decades- long mystery about the Sun: the case of the “missing” neutrinos. There are three kinds of neutrinos pene- trating the Earth from every direction: electron, tau, and muon. Some of these neutrinos have been around since the big bang; some were released by supernovas. Neutrinos also come from the Sun and from radioactive

decay on Earth, cosmic rays hitting the SNOLAB Earth’s atmosphere, and even radioactive The detector at the heart of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, shown under construction in the mid-1990s, used a materials within our own bodies, among clear tank filled with heavy water surrounded by a shell of photodetectors to record neutrinos emitted by the Sun. The other sources. observatory’s measurements showed that the Sun was generating as many neutrinos as predicted but that most of In the 1960s, scientists were investigating the particles were transforming from one kind of neutrino into another as they sped to Earth. the theory that the Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium deep within its core—a reaction that releases neutrinos, which zip through the Sun toward that had traveled farther—through the wrote in 2004 about McDonald’s and Kajita’s Earth. Because the reaction happens so fre- Earth—underwent an “identity” change and work for NobelPrize.org, the prize’s official quently, scientists expected to find a vast transformed into tau neutrinos, which website. “This shows that we understand number of neutrinos hitting the Earth. How- weren’t detectable by their instruments. how the Sun shines, the original question ever, their models disagreed with experimen- Meanwhile, McDonald and his team at the that initiated the field of solar neutrino tal evidence—they found only a third of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory 2 kilometers research.” Bahcall died in 2005. neutrinos they expected. So where were the underground in Ontario were also investigat- missing neutrinos? ing the “missing neutrino” problem. Their The Bigger Picture experiments featured two ways of counting “Trying to answer a question that we find right Mystery Solved neutrinos—one for counting only electron here in our own neighborhood” led to the dis- It turns out that the neutrinos were there, neutrinos and one for counting all three types covery of neutrino mass, noted Georgia de but some had morphed. In the experiments as a lump sum. When counting only electron Nolfo, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard that helped secure their Nobel Prize, both neutrinos, the scientists found only a third of Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., who McDonald and Kajita helped make this dis- the expected number. But when counting the was not involved in the prize-winning covery. lump sum of neutrinos, the expected number research. In 1998, Kajita and his team at the Super- was there. That meant that the neutrinos “We’re trying to understand the Sun, and in Kamiokande Neutrino Detector deep below emitted by the Sun can change into muon and doing that discovered something much big- Gifu, Japan, noticed that the number of tau neutrinos during their 150-million- ger,” de Nolfo continued. The fact that neutri- muon neutrinos coming from the atmo- kilometer journey toward Earth. nos can switch types and have mass “affects sphere above was different from the number “The solution of the mystery of the miss- the evolution of the universe and the structure traveling through the Earth. Because the ing neutrinos is an important triumph for of matter as we understand it.” Earth does not present any obstacle to neu- astronomy,” John Bahcall, a Princeton Uni- trinos, these numbers should be the same. versity astrophysicist who pioneered the They concluded that the muon neutrinos original solar neutrino research in the 1960s, By JoAnna Wendel, Staff Writer

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 5 OPINION

of waveform data. These data form the basis of Why Seismic Networks important studies and thus need treatment as independently citable objects. Need Digital Object Identifiers The good news is that the scientific community generally recognizes this. The bad news is that current citation and acknowledg- ment practices vary widely, often omitting data providers, and it is often unclear which reference, if any, is preferred for a given network.

The Community Responds In response to this murky situation, which often prevents seismic data providers from receiving recognition, the International Fed- eration of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) has recommended the attribution of a digital object identifier to each seismic network [International Federation of Digital Seismo- graph Networks, 2014]. This recommendation follows discussion between the seismological data centers within the European Integrated Data Archive and Incorporated Research Insti- tutions for Seismology Data Management Center about possible methods for the generation, maintenance, and promotion of persistent identifiers (PIDs) for seismic networks. Unique PIDs make consistently citing and acknowledging seismic networks easier for users of seismological data. PIDs offer network operators, data centers, and individual scientists a straightforward way to measure the sci-

Peter Evans Peter entific impact of the data they produced, A new system of digital object identifiers will bring long-overdue recognition to scientists providing data through archived, and distributed. seismic networks. DOIs are a popular type of PID, and we considered them most suitable for acknowledging seismic networks properly at present because n science, peer-reviewed, published journal of the impact of their data for their funding they are already in operation: DOIs are well articles are the fundamental measure of providers, tenure and promotion committees, known in the scientific community and widely I output and the primary means of career and others [Data Citation Synthesis Group, 2014]. accepted by publishers. Moreover, good DOI advancement. As scientists, we all absorb, as We hope that assigning seismic data networks metadata, describing geolocation, time part of our professional training, a nuanced a universal and easily cited digital identity— frames, and data types in a generic format, understanding of what it means assist users outside seismology to to publish and be cited in differ- discover data using search tools ent journals and how to evaluate We hope that assigning seismic data such as the DataCite service metrics like h-indices and impact (http://search . datacite .org/ ui). factors to assess our and other networks a universal and easily cited scientists’ prestige and produc- digital identity will help bring data How It Will Work tivity. Since 2014, FDSN and data centers However, not all scientists have providers the recognition they deserve. have linked DOIs to individual equal access to this publication- temporary experiments and driven reward system. In particu- named permanent seismic net- lar, data providers are often left works having FDSN- allocated out. Data almost always serve as crucial com- the digital object identifier, or DOI—will help network codes. Seismic network operators can ponents of any scientific study, and transpar- bring data providers the recognition they choose for their network a DOI issued by any ent, reproducible research requires open, per- deserve [International DOI Foundation, 2012]. DOI-minting agency, such as a national manent access to these source data. We believe that such a step is long overdue. library, their hosting data center, or the FDSN. Producing and making available such data The FDSN recommendation requires that are legitimate and important scientific activi- Unheralded but Critical author, publication year, title, and publisher ties, yet data providers do not receive the As seismic networks become larger and more information be included in DOI metadata, fol- same recognition as data users, with traceable numerous, they increasingly provide the seis- lowing the DataCite model of data sets citation information facilitating measurement mology community with ever-growing troves [DataCite Metadata Working Group, 2013]. This

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basic information is needed for citing an networks appropriately, ideally using a data object, whether it be a data set or traditional citation as outlined above, just as they pres- article, in a published scientific article. ently check that literature is cited correctly. The citation text should be prepared auto- Journals are encouraging data citations and matically from the DOI metadata in a consis- should drop arbitrary restrictions on the tent format. As examples, we are now able to maximum number of allowed references. cite existing networks [GEOFON Data Centre, Online-only citations could help avoid 1993; Asch et al., 2011; Scripps Institution of unwieldy reference lists. Oceanography, 1986] in AGU’s house style with their functioning DOIs, as shown in the refer- A Huge Step Forward ence list to this article. Assigning DOIs for seismic networks and Additional generic metadata, including geo- project deployments is a major step toward Slow Slip graphical information, organizations and indi- agreement within the seismology commu- viduals involved in the distribution chain, and nity on common standards for acknowledg- Phenomena links to resources such as publications and ing large data objects in seismology. Repro- technical reports can be provided in the DOI ducible, verifiable research requires precise metadata for a particular network. The best- identification of the data used. known use of the DOI system is termed “reso- Seismic networks will be the parent lution,” which takes users to a landing page objects needed for more finely grained cita- on the Internet that houses metadata along tion of specific channels and time windows with some pathway to the data themselves. in the future. We anticipate that the growing For a seismic network, FDSN recommends availability of DOIs for seismic networks will that a landing page include at least a station assist the seismology community and list with locations, channel information, peri- encourage other geoscience groups to create ods of data collection, and information on how citable source data sets. to retrieve the data (see http://bit.ly/GEOFON Ultimately, the new practice will give data _example for the GEOFON network, a German providers long- overdue credit for their sci- global seismological broadband network). entific contributions. Such change can only FDSN has created a public DOI registry that encourage the generation of more high- will assist authors in finding DOIs associated quality data. with one or more specific network codes. Another FDSN service will prepare stan- References dard citation texts for networks (see http:// Asch, G., F. Tilmann, B. Schurr, and T. Ryberg (2011), Seismic network 5E: MINAS Project (2011/2013), other/seismic network, www.fdsn.org/ networks/citation/). DOIs and Dtsch. GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, other persistent identifiers are being included doi:10.14470/ab466166. in seismological metadata (StationXML), Data Citation Synthesis Group (2014), Joint declaration of data Abstract Submission citation principles—Final, FORCE11, San Diego, Calif. [Available making discovery of seismic network DOIs from https://www.force11 .org/ datacitation.] easier and supporting future persistent iden- DataCite Metadata Working Group (2013), DataCite metadata Deadline: schema for the publication and citation of research data, tifier usage. DataCite, Hannover, Germany, doi:10.5438/000808. 18 November GEOFON Data Centre (1993), GEOFON Seismic Network, other/ A Cultural Change seismic network, Dtsch. GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, doi:10.14470/TR560404. We encourage network operators to consider International DOI Foundation (2012), DOI handbook, version 5. Housing Deadline: the implications for their networks and to [Available at http://www.doi.org/hb.html.] ensure, with the possible assistance of International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (2014), FDSN recommendations for seismic network DOIs and related 29 January FDSN, that DOIs are issued with associated FDSN services [WG3 recommendation], doi:10.7914/D11596. landing pages and helpful metadata, facili- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1986), IRIS/IDA Seismic Net- tating their discovery. We expect that cita- work, other/seismic network, Int. Fed. of Digital Seismograph Networks, doi:10.7914/SN/II. tion of seismic network DOIs will gain steam as more operators provide DOIs and produce Join your colleagues high-quality landing pages. Authors can to examine and discuss then cite seismic data as they do traditional By P. L. Evans and A. Strollo, Deutsches Geo- articles. ForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany; these phenomena on In practice, authors need only provide a email: [email protected]; A. Clark, list of network codes and years for the seis- T. Ahern, and R. Newman, Data Management a global level. mological data used to the FDSN-operated Center, Incorporated Research Institutions for Web service. The resulting citation list can Seismology, Seattle, Wash.; J. F. Clinton, Swiss be included in the scientific paper reference Seismological Service, Eidgenössische Tech- list. The next steps required remain largely nische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Swit- cultural, as scientists learn to cite data zerland; and H. Pedersen and C. Pequegnat, chapman.agu.org/ sources as standard practice. University of Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, Grenoble, Editors and referees should check that France; also at Centre National de la Recherche slowslip submitted manuscripts reference seismic Scientifique, ISTerre, Grenoble, France

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 7 On the Rocks The Challenges of Predicting Sea Level Rise

By David Holland and Denise Holland

8 // Eos 15 November 2015 ne of the most devastating potential impacts of global climate change is a large global sea level rise over the coming century and beyond. This would inundate heavily populated, low-lying coastal areas world- wide—more than 1 out of every 100 people on the planet live less than 1 meter above sea level. The Omain root of this threat is the potential collapse of West Antarctica’s marine-based ice sheets—massive expanses of glacial ice that rest not on land but the ocean floor— in particular, those where warm ocean waters circulate nearby [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2013]. Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica fits this profile (Fig- ure 1). Over this past year, both observational [Rignot et al., 2014] and modeling [Joughin et al., 2014] studies suggest that this collapse has already begun. Against this back- drop, there is a pressing need to calculate robust, credible projections of sea level rise from outlet glaciers such as Thwaites. However, the unique nature of the West Antarctic physical environment presents both logistical and technical challenges that have held back progress. Here we provide a brief overview of the field of glacier-ocean interaction and suggest steps to advance the projections of sea level change for Thwaites and other key outlet glaciers.

A Rising Tide Natural and human causes both contribute to global climate change, and it is sometimes challenging to discern whether observed changes are due to one or the other. In the case of glaciers affecting global sea level, however, the IPCC concluded that anthropogenic forcing played a statis- tically significant role in the retreat of glaciers during the late 20th century [Church et al., 2013]. The regional climate change now occurring in West Antarctica is a pressing concern as collapsing ice shelves, like those on the Antarctic Peninsula, could lead to a larger rise of several tens of cen- timeters in this century [IPCC, 2013]. Taken together, these IPCC conclusions are a wake-up call. Projecting sea level change arising from West Antarctica is a challenging science problem and is an equally important societal problem, having deep ramifications for governmental policy on greenhouse gas emissions. A West Antarctic meltdown would transform coastlines, affecting infrastructure and livelihoods in megacities and other densely populated areas around the world. The deluge would also threaten fragile ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass meadows, and salt marshes—all of which provide the livelihood of many coastal communities.

Sea Level Change Factors This rise in sea level has already begun. Prior to the 1990s, sea level was largely recorded by tide gauges fixed to coastal structures grounded in the solid Earth, showing over the past 2 centuries a rise of just over 1 millimeter per year. Beginning in the 1990s, satellites have provided near-global altimetry coverage of the ocean. Since then,

Melting icebergs in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic Peninsula,

flickr/Brittany, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 (http://bit.ly/ccbyncnd2-0) 2.0 BY-NC-ND CC flickr/Brittany, West Antarctica.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 9 both satellites and tide gauges have indicated a rise of about 3 millimeters per year. Taking into consideration all sea level observations, the seas are not only rising, but that surge is accelerating [IPCC, 2013]. To date, the land ice of West Antarctica has made a small contribution, by way of outlet glaciers, to the observed global rise. But going forward, outlet glaciers, such as Thwaites, are likely to rapidly make large contributions, drowning out all other sources [Mooney, 2015]. Although this meltwater would spread around the globe, the amount of actual sea level rise for a given region depends on many factors. Gravitational changes and effects due to changes in water temperature and salinity lead to nonuniform regional sea level rise. A retreating glacier reduces the burden on the solid Earth below, causing crustal deformations that produce variations in the vertical movement of the Earth’s surface, especially near the ice sheets. Dynamical effects arising from changes in atmospheric pressure also play a role in distributing meltwater, as do geostrophic ocean currents that flow along the lines where pressure gradients are counterbalanced by the Coriolis effect associated with the Earth’s rotation. All of these factors affect the projections of local sea with permission from AAAS. Modified from Joughin et al. [2014]. Reprinted level change that coastal planners must prepare. Planning Fig. 1. Subglacial elevations of the bed beneath the Thwaites Glacier, for a large sea level change, perhaps on the order of West Antarctica, covering the area shown in red in the inset map in 1 meter in a century, requires reliable projections of the lower left. North is to the left. The thick black outline at center left of the contributions from land ice. But the future climate of West main image indicates the present-day ice shelf front. The dark blue col- Antarctica is uncertain, and the physical factors that gov- ors indicate the presence of a remarkably deep, marine-based ice ern the collapse of outlet glaciers like Thwaites are poorly sheet, reaching from the ocean to far inland. understood—in particular, a peculiar glacier instability mechanism likely triggered by warming ocean waters in a changing climate. As the grounded surface area of the outflowing glacier Marine Ice Sheet Instability decreases, so does its friction against the bedrock, allow- A marine ice sheet is grounded on bedrock, below the sur- ing it to flow with greater ease. It may also shorten as ice- face of the sea. An ice sheet grows by receiving more snow- bergs begin to calve off, possibly leading to complete fall at its surface than it loses by melting and outflow. As it shelf disintegration. This allows the inland ice to acceler- grows in bulk, gravity begins to pull it downslope and into ate its flow into the ocean—and accelerate sea level rise. the ocean. Eventually, the leading edge forms a canti Indeed, when Antarctica’s Larsen B Ice Shelf collapsed in levered ice shelf that floats on the water but remains the early 2000s (see http://bit.ly/Larsen _collapse), the attached to the anchored part of the ice sheet. inland ice flow sped up nearly tenfold, proving that a The transition from grounded ice to a floating ice shelf is mechanical link exists between ice shelf and inland ice the grounding line. Inland ice and meltwater that flows sheet. seaward past the grounding line make a direct contribution Some areas of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet are particu- to sea level rise. (Ice that melts or calves from the ice shelf larly vulnerable to a runaway collapse, where the bedrock makes effectively no con- deepens inland [Mercer, tribution to sea level 1968; Weertman, 1974]. This because the ice is already Going forward, outlet glaciers, such means the grounding line floating.) as Thwaites, are likely to rapidly retreats underneath inland Recent research has ice that is increasingly revealed a complex situa- make large contributions, drowning thicker, leading to an tion, as stabilizing and increase in the volume of destabilizing factors come out all other sources. ice that flows past the into play. For example, grounding line. gravitational effects close to the grounding line can stabi- This marine ice sheet instability may have already initi- lize the ice sheet. Also, as an ice shelf grows in area and ated on Thwaites Glacier [Joughin et al., 2014], as well as on thickness, it can buttress the inland ice, stemming its out- the neighboring Pine Island Glacier [Favier et al., 2014], flow. If this happens, the grounding line can stabilize or leading to abrupt and irreversible ice loss, possibly as a advance, thereby slowing sea level rise. But if the ground- response to climate forcing. The Thwaites Glacier (Figure 1) ing line retreats, sending inland ice further afloat, the shelf sits over a bowl-shaped depression, or catchment basin, in may begin a runaway collapse. the ocean floor. The deepest part of this depression is more

10 // Eos 15 November 2015 than 1500 meters below the surface of the sea. Thus, the The process of calving is poorly understood; thus, mod- grounding line of the glacier could retreat to this depth if els of that process are dubious, and resulting sea level pro- the glacier retreats far enough. jections are uncertain. Understanding calving might turn out to be as difficult as understanding earthquakes: a An Ocean Trigger quasi-analogous fracture process that is a notoriously dif- Amplifying this threat is a potential trigger for this insta- ficult problem. bility that surrounds the region: a mass of warm water Another roadblock is the technical and software engi- known as Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). Circling the neering burden of coupling glacier and ocean models. In continent via the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the CDW almost all IPCC models under climate change forcing, the carries the potential to ocean occupies a fixed geo- melt an ice shelf at its graphical volume. This is a base. This would weaken Achieving credible projections of historical artifact dating the ice shelf’s ability to sea level change will likely require back to the models’ forma- buttress the inland ice, tion, when scientists did destabilizing the ground- international cooperation between not envision the need to ing line and initiating a change ocean volume. large-scale collapse [Alley science and space agencies. Clearly, to simulate ice et al., 2015]. sheet retreat, simulated At many locations along the continental shelf break, oceans must change their vertical and horizontal extents cold polar water pushes back against the CDW, creating a as the ocean invades the space occupied by the ice sheet barrier (analogous to an atmospheric weather front) and receives meltwater from the glacier. This requires known as the Antarctic Slope Front, which blocks CDW extensive reengineering of global climate models. from getting onto the shelf. But this barrier may be ephemeral: Simulations suggest that under some models, Improving Sea Level Projections climate change may breach it within this century, rapidly This reengineering can happen only with cooperation melting the ice shelf base [Hellmer et al., 2012] and eventu- between disciplines. By and large, glaciological modelers ally leading to its collapse. In other locations, such as in have worked on glacier codes using specified ocean forcing, front of Thwaites Glacier, the Antarctic Slope Front is and ocean modelers have worked on ocean codes using already absent, and warm waters flood the shelf, coming in specified glacier forcing. These discipline-specific activi- direct contact with the glacier and rapidly melting it ties serve an important role as international forums for [Thoma et al., 2008]. developing and comparing models in the individual fields of glaciology and oceanography. But to arrive at credible Challenges to Coupled Modeling projections of global sea level, these two activities must Given the potential importance of West Antarctica to forge an overlap going forward to carry out an interdisci- future global sea level and our current knowledge of glacier plinary comparison of coupled glacier-ocean models. instability, why is there so much uncertainty about its To provide coastal planners with credible projections of future? The main reason is that there is still no robust, the rising seas, scientists will need to develop and validate credible model for the interaction of melting ice sheets coupled glacier-ocean models, forced under various cli- with the ocean. Scientists have made significant progress mate change scenarios. Such models in turn require aug- in sea level research in general but less so regarding the menting observations via both sustained remote sensing contribution of glacier-ocean interaction, as the IPCC and in situ measurements on the glacier and in the water. [2013] report points out. To move toward coupled, interactive glacier-ocean mod- One reason is the incompleteness of observational data els, the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) project of the World sets upon which such a coupled model could be con- Climate Research Programme (WCRP) launched a targeted structed. Satellite remote sensing has revolutionized the activity focused on modeling of West Antarctica at a meet- ability to monitor the surface of West Antarctica in recent ing held 27–29 October 2014 at New York University in Abu decades, providing unprecedented streams of data on gla- Dhabi. The 30 participants represented a crosscut of glaci- cier volume and velocity. But detailed information about ological and ocean modelers spanning the international the nature of the bed upon which the ice sheet rests has community. been less forthcoming, and observations of the ocean The meeting resulted in the establishment of the Marine waters at the periphery [Jacobs et al., 1996] and beneath Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project have been challenging to acquire. (MISOMIP). This project aims to develop a suite of coupled Another gap is theoretical. Outlet glaciers reaching the glacier-ocean model benchmark tests in idealized model ocean can disintegrate in two principal ways: melting by configurations, followed by regional simulations of specific warm waters or by calving ice into the ocean. Although outlet glaciers, such as the Thwaites. Further technical there is arguably a reasonable understanding of how out- details for those interested in participating in the activity let glaciers melt, there is a major gap in knowledge con- are found at http://bit .ly/ MISOMIP. cerning the physics of calving. As a rough estimate, half Achieving credible projections of sea level change will of the current ice loss in West Antarctica is by melting likely require international cooperation between science where the glaciers meet the ocean, and half is by calving. and space agencies. This will be a lengthy activity, taking In a scenario of rapid retreat, it is conceivable that a large decades to arrive at credible results and requiring signifi- fraction of the loss would be due to calving. cant investment. Given the potential threat to the coastal

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 11 environment, however, there may be little choice other and Xylar Asay- Davis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact than to move forward with an accelerated, coordinated, Research, Potsdam, Germany. and sustained international effort. References Acknowledgments Alley, R. B., S. Anandakrishnan, K. Christianson, H. J. Horgan, A. Muto, B. R. Parizek, D. Pollard, and R. T. Walker (2015), Oceanic forcing of ice-sheet retreat: West Support for the workshop was generously provided by the Antarctica and more, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 207 – 231 (43), DOI: 10.1146/ New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute, the annurev-earth-060614-105344. National Science Foundation Antarctic Integrated System Church, J. A., et al. (2013), Sea level change, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Sci- ence Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Inter- Science Program, the NASA Cryospheric Program, and the governmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T. F. Stocker et al., pp. 1137–1216, WCRP CliC. The incipient MISOMIP team collectively con- Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. Favier, L., G. Durand, S. L. Cornford, G. H. Gudmundsson, O. Gagliardini, F. Gillet-Chaulet, tributed to the content of this article: Ben Galton- Fenzi, T. Zwinger, A. J. Payne, and A. M. Le Brocq (2014), Retreat of Pine Island Glacier University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Byron controlled by marine ice-sheet instability, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 117–121, doi:10.1038/ nclimate2094. Parizek, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Hellmer, H. H., F. Kauker, R. Timmermann, J. Determann, and J. Rae (2012), Twenty-ﬁ rst- Dimitri Menemenlis and Eric Larour, NASA Jet Propulsion century warming of a large Antarctic ice-shelf cavity by a redirected coastal current, Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.; Frank Pattyn, Université Libre Nature, 485(7397), 225–228. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013), Summary for policymakers, de Bruxelles, Brussels Belgium; Gaël Durand, Laboratoire de in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I Glaciologie et de Géophysique de l’Environnement, Saint- to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Martin d’Hères, France; Hyun- cheol Kim, Korea Polar edited by T. F. Stocker et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. Jacobs, S. S., H. H. Helmer, and A. Jenkins, (1996), Antarctic ice sheet melting in the Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea; Ian Joughin, Uni- southeast Paciﬁ c, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 957–960. versity of Washington, Seattle; Jeff Ridley, Met Office, Joughin, I., B. E. Smith, and B. Medley (2014), Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under Exeter, U.K.; Kazuya Kusahara, Hokkaido University, Sap- way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica, Science, 344(6185), 735–738. Mercer, J. H. (1968), Antarctic ice and Sangamon sea level rise, IAHS Publ., 179, 217–225. poro, Japan; Mats Bentsen, Bjerknes Center, Bergen, Nor- Mooney, C. (2015), Scientists declare an ‘urgent’ mission – study West Antarctica, and way; Michael Dinniman, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, fast, The Washington Post, Sept. 30. Va.; Nicolas Jourdain, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Géo- Rignot, E., J. Mouginot, M. Morlighem, H. Seroussi, and B. Scheuchl (2014), Wide- physique de l’Environnement, Saint- Martin d’Hères, spread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3502–3509, France; Pierre Mathiot, British Antarctic Survey, Cam- doi:10.1002/2014GL060140. bridge, U.K.; Ralph Timmermann, Alfred Wegner Institute, Stocker, T. F., et al. (2013), Technical summary, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Bremerhaven, Germany; Robert Hallberg, Geophysical Fluid Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T. F. Stocker et al., Cambridge Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Univ. Press, New York. Administration, Princeton, N.J.; Rupert Gladstone, Arctic Thoma, M., A. Jenkins, D. Holland, and S. Jacobs (2008), Modelling circumpolar deep water intrusions on the Amundsen Sea continental shelf, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Center, Rovaniemi, Finland; Ryan Walker, University of Lett., 35, L18602, doi:10.1029/2008GL034939. Maryland, College Park; Sebastian Mernild, Centro de Estu- Weertman, J. (1974), Stability of the junction of an ice sheet and an ice shelf, J. Gla- dios Cientificos, Valdivia, Chile; Sebastian Goeller, Alfred ciol., 13, 3–11. Wegner Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany; Sophie Nowicki, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; Steve Author Information Price, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.; David Holland and Denise Holland, Center for Global Sea- Tore Hattermann, Akvaplan, Tromsø, Norway; Won Sang Level Change, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE; email: Lee, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea; david. [email protected]

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12 // Eos 15 November 2015 Urbanization Affects Air and Water in Italy’s Po Plain Getty Images/obliot

By Marco Masetti, Son V. Nghiem, Alessandro Sorichetta, Stefania Stevenazzi, Paolo Fabbri, Marco Pola, Maria Filippini, and G. Robert Brakenridge

Satellite and ground-based measurements show a correlation between urban growth and increased levels of pollutants.

rbanization of a natural landscape can lead We studied the Po Plain region in northern Italy, one of to increased levels of pollution—this is the most populated and urbanized areas in Europe, as a well known. However, haphazard devel- “pilot area” to investigate the environmental effects of opment may also produce far-reaching urbanization. The Po Plain region (47,000 km2) covers 15% effects, not only in the immediate vicinity of the surface of Italy and hosts 34% of the country’s total but also across regional and perhaps global population. scales. This presents a potential problem for several east- Mountainous topography around the Po Plain limits air Uern and western European countries, where the urbaniza- circulation with the surroundings. The region is one of the tion rate is 3 times greater than their population growth most polluted in Europe, with the city of Milan being a rate [European Environment Agency, 2006]. Such dispropor- tional changes may have major environmental, socioeco- nomic, and geopolitical impacts. Urban smog colors the dawn sky over Milan, Italy.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 13 The objective of POPLEX was ing and analyzing urban patterns and changes at a scale of approximately 1 kilometer, throughout the 2000s [Nghiem to investigate patterns of urban et al., 2009]. The new method, called the dense sampling method (DSM), enabled us to understand the spatial and and population changes, temporal evolution of environmental features with a com- bination of both anthropogenic and natural factors— groundwater quality, air including atmospheric, geophysical, and hydrogeological characteristics. quality, and changes of stream The objective of POPLEX was to investigate patterns of urban and population changes, groundwater quality, air flow along the Po River. quality, and changes of stream flow along the Po River. The project involved 27 participants from 15 institutions located in five countries (Italy, United States, United King- major world hot spot of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide dom, Belgium, and Germany). The Regional Agency for (NO2). Groundwater in the region also suffers: The Po Plain Environmental Protection of Emilia-Romagna was a key is classified in European Community Nitrate Directive stakeholder in that they took a great interest in the meth- 91/676/EC as one of Europe’s most vulnerable areas to ods and results of this project. nitrate contamination. The campaign used data from 12 satellites and extensive To investigate urban change and its effects, we con- field networks with 220 meteorological stations, 170 air ducted the Po Plain Experiment (POPLEX) in May 2014 monitoring stations, 500 groundwater monitoring wells, within the central eastern part of the Po Plain (Figure 1), and 20 river gauges, together with census data and survey with an extension to Florence in Tuscany. We used data maps of land cover and land use change. from multiple satellites, collected over a span of decades. POPLEX is a pilot campaign, but it was designed to be We also used data from on-the- ground networks, together applicable to other study areas so that similar campaigns with hydrologic, geologic, demographic, and socioeco- can be conducted in different regions of the world. Many nomic data and model estimates. countries already maintain public monitoring networks that provide relevant environmental measurements. The Eyes in the Sky satellite data used for POPLEX were acquired globally, and In addition to using traditional methods for land use and temporal data analyses can be replicated and updated as land change observations, we applied an innovative math- new data become available. Where environmental data are ematical approach to process scatterometer data from limited or unavailable, proxies can be derived from multi- NASA’s Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite, observ- ple satellite data sets representing environmental changes.

Fig. 1. Description of the Po Plain Experiment (POPLEX) field campaign. This three- dimensional representation of the study area with a translu- cent Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) Dense Sampling Method (DSM) overlay shows four satellites and five monitoring stations, representing the many others used for POPLEX. Air (A), groundwater (G), and river (R) discharge stations are marked with map pins. The graphs show examples of groundwater quality, air quality, and river discharge. The black path represents the POPLEX itinerary. Urban areas, field sites, monitoring instruments, and activities are also depicted in the insets. Coordinates refer to GCS

NASA Jet Propulsion Lab and POPLEX Team Jet Propulsion Lab NASA WGS 1984.

14 // Eos 15 November 2015 ( POPLEX’s methodologies and results 5XUDOVHWWOHPHQW 5HVHUYRLU +\GURPHWULFVWDWLRQ are being published in scientific journals m and made available through its website to make the campaign more visible and to encourage a wider community to make use of the newly developed approaches and findings. (More information on this )ORUHQFHXUEDQDUHD study is available at http://bit.ly/Masetti.) 1 1

Water Quality and Quantity

Using the QuikSCAT-DSM satellite data, we were able to detect various urban 323/(;LWLQHUDU\ )ORUHQFHLQGXVWULDODUHD changes—even in areas where urban 3UDWR growth occurred at a relatively low rate. When we used QuikSCAT-DSM data to $UQR5LYHU analyze nitrate in groundwater, we were )ORUHQFH able to identify a clear, direct relationship between urbanization and nitrate con- 5XUDODUHD tamination trends. An analysis of urban and agricultural nitrate sources indicates urban nonpoint sources of contamination as the main cause of groundwater quality deteriora- $XVWULD tion in the area. The data enable a suit- 6ZLW]HUODQG

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able approach to identify and characterize

areas showing groundwater quality dete- 0LODQ $GULDWLF 6HD rioration—a requirement of European 3R5LYHU 8UEDQ

2XWVNLUW 1 Union Groundwater Directive 2006/118/

)ORUHQFH 5XUDO EC [Stevenazzi et al., 2015a]. On a local .P $UQR 5LYHU scale, we looked for impacts on water quality and water quantity in two case . P ( (

studies in an urbanized area of the east- and POPLEX Team Jet Propulsion Lab NASA ( ern Po Plain. The city of Ferrara shows scattered groundwater contamination by Fig. 2. The POPLEX study covered the central eastern part of the Po Plain, with an exten- chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, sion to Florence in Tuscany (shown here). We plan to use QuikSCAT-DSM observations and caused by improper disposal of petrochem- field survey in the Florence-Prato Plain to characterize the pattern of newly built-up pockets ical wastes during the 1970s. We found of urbanization. groundwater contamination below newly developed neighborhoods as a result of the urban sprawling that occurred during the past decade. Aura satellite with ground-based measurements [Steve- These findings help to address human health problems nazzi et al., 2015b]. in several ways. For example, deep aquifers used for drink- Air pollution seems to be less affected than water pollu- ing water can be contaminated because dense nonaqueous- tion by the growth of urban areas, indicating the efficacy of phase liquids tend to migrate through hydraulic barriers environmental policies adopted in the past 20 years to like aquitards (underground water barriers made of clay, improve air quality. On a large scale, we observed fair silt, or rock). Contaminated groundwater can also emit agreement between satellite NO2 data and observations volatile compounds into the air, which can affect indoor air taken from ground stations, far from NO2 point sources, quality of the buildings above the contaminated area. that measured the background value. The Euganean Geothermal Field, one of the largest thermal areas in Europe, demonstrates effects of urban sprawl on water demand. Since the 1950s, more than 400 wells, An analysis of urban and some as deep as 1000 meters, have been drilled to exploit the warm groundwater for therapeutic and recreational agricultural nitrate sources tourism. Increasing demand by spa facilities in the past 40 years has proportionally stressed the thermal ground- indicates urban nonpoint water quantity in the region. sources of contamination as the Urbanization and Air Pollution We also investigated how urbanization affects air quality. main cause of groundwater We carried out analyses to cross compare NO2 levels taken by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aboard the NASA quality deterioration in the area.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 15 On a local scale, areas characterized by the most exten- California Institute of Technology, was supported by the sive sprawl showed an increase in air pollution along main NASA Land- Cover and Land- Use Change Program. The roads, related to the increase in vehicle traffic. On week- research carried out at the University of Southampton was days, the highest pollution values are around large cities, done in the framework of the WorldPop Project. where many industries are located, people go to work, and freight traffic is heavy. During weekends and holidays, References when commercial activities and traffic are reduced, NO2 European Environment Agency (2006), Urban sprawl in Europe: The ignored challenge, Rep. 10/2006, Oﬀ . for Oﬀ . Publ. of the Eur. Communities, Luxembourg. concentration decreases, especially around large cities. Nghiem, S. V., et al. (2009), Observations of urban and suburban environments with global satellite scatterometer data, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 64(4), What’s Next? 367–380. Stevenazzi, S., et al. (2015a), Groundwater vulnerability maps derived from time depen- We plan to use satellite and on- the- ground measurements dent method using satellite scatterometer data, Hydrogeol. J., 23(4), 631–647. of river discharge along the Po River to investigate how Stevenazzi, S., S. V. Nghiem, and M. Masetti (2015b), Urban impacts on air quality changes in land use influence surface water availability and observed with remote sensing and ground station data from the Po Plain Field Cam- paign, paper presented at International Geoscience Remote Sensing Symposium, Inst. river regime (a measure of the changes in river discharge). of Electr. and Electron. Eng., Milan, Italy. This knowledge could improve our ability to forecast flood hazards exacerbated by urban change. Author Information We will use QuikSCAT- DSM observations and field sur- Marco Masetti, Università degli Studi di Milano (UNIMI), Milan, vey in the Florence- Prato Plain (Figure 2) to characterize Italy; email: [email protected]; Son V. Nghiem, Jet Propul- the pattern of newly built-up pockets of urbanization. We sion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; believe that our study is a successful example of how satel- Alessandro Sorichetta, University of Southampton, South- lite data tracking land surface changes can be used innova- ampton, U.K.; Stefania Stevenazzi, UNIMI, Milan, Italy; Paolo tively in assessing many environmental issues such as Fabbri and Marco Pola, Università degli Studi di Padova, groundwater quality and quantity and air quality. Padua, Italy; Maria Filippini, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and G. Robert Brakenridge, Com- Acknowledgments munity Surface Dynamics Modeling System, Institute of Arctic The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder

EarthCube Funding Opportunities

Distinguished Lecturer Program

EarthCube’s Distinguished Lecturer Program o ers up to $300 ($600 for early career scientists) for invited speakers. e body of the invited presentation will focus on the speaker’s eld of expertise, with a brief addendum on how EarthCube principles are relevant to helping expand, meet, or otherwise enrich the speaker’s scientic goals. For suggestions of potential speakers, please see: http://earthcube.org/info/lecturers-list For more information or to apply for funding, please go to: http://earthcube.org/info/earthcube-distinguished-lecturer-program

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EarthCube’s Early Career Travel Grant Program o ers up to $500 for individuals and $1000 for underrepresented minorities to participate in professional meetings, workshops, or conferences held in the United States where EarthCube-related work is to be presented or discussed. For more information or to apply for funding, please go to: http://earthcube.org/info/early-career-travel-grant

NSF’s EarthCube initiative envisions a community-driven, dynamic cyberinfrastructure for geoscience. e initiative’s goals include enabling geoscientists to address the challenges of understanding and predicting a complex and evolving solid Earth, and facilitating access to geoscience information (i.e., open science).

16 // Eos 15 November 2015 AGU NEWS

Celebrating the 2015 Class of Fellows

The new class of AGU Fellows has been selected and will be recognized at the upcoming Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., during the Honors Tribute. The newly elected class will be presented by President- elect Eric Davidson during the Honors Ceremony on Wednesday, 16 December 2015. A brief statement of the achievements for which each of the 60 Fellows has been elected is provided below.

Geo Abers Charles J. Ammon Gregory P. Asner For outstanding contributions to our For innovative studies of crustal structure with receiver For advancing ecology to a continental scale understanding of the subduction process. functions, seminal studies of large earthquakes, and and key contributions in biogeochemistry, unselﬁ sh dissemination of software for seismic analysis. biodiversity, and carbon accounting.

Lawrence E. Band Paul Bates Thorsten Becker For pioneering digital topographic analysis For innovation in two-dimensional hydraulic For outstanding contributions to geodynamics at multiple scales and leading the interfacing modelling and its practical applications. at global and regional scales using innovative of hydrology and ecology. and interdisciplinary approaches.

Jim Best Michael Bevis Amitava Bhattacharjee For pioneering the investigation of fl uid fl ow For the seminal work in applying geodesy to solving For seminal contributions to our understanding and bedforms and fi eld quantifi cation of large rivers, geodynamic problems and for pioneering work that of reconnection processes and turbulence their morphology, and fl ow structure. helped establish the new fi eld of GPS meteorology. in the solar corona, interplanetary medium, and planetary magnetospheres.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 17 AGU NEWS

Tami Bond Christopher Bretherton Suzanne Marie Carbotte For outstanding contributions in analyzing For fundamental contributions to the understanding For seminal contributions to understanding black carbon emissions, properties, and distribution of cloud processes and their role in the climate system. the global mid-ocean ridge system and the formation and their impacts on climate. and evolution of the oceanic crust.

Robert Carlson Je rey P. Chanton Michael Church For pioneering work in spectroscopy and fundamental For contributions in understanding linkages For ground-breaking insights and sustained contributions toward understanding the compositions between methane cycling, emissions, and oxidation. contributions to ﬂ uvial geomorphology and processes of planetary atmospheres and surfaces. and providing a strong foundation for the intelligent management of rivers and watersheds.

Olaf A. Cirpka Allan J. Clarke Todd E. Dawson For major breakthroughs in the study of mixing- For pioneering highly inﬂ uential theoretical For pioneering contributions in ecohydrology controlled reactive transport and the development and practical contributions in coastal oceanography and for advancing our understanding of plant, soil, of methods for subsurface characterization. and tides, equatorial ocean dynamics, and climate. and atmosphere interactions in the hydrologic cycle.

Imke de Pater Mark J. Dekkers Georgia (Gia) Destouni For far-seeing discoveries and cutting-edge visions For fundamental work on the understanding For groundbreaking contributions to transport of the dynamic outer solar system made from Earth of experimental rock magnetism, paleointensity, phenomena in the hydrological cycle at multiple scales. at nearly every wavelength of light. and interpretation of magnetic properties in terms of geological processes.

18 // Eos 15 November 2015 AGU NEWS

John W. Farrington Peter Fox George Gehrels For fundamental work on the biogeochemistry For fundamental contributions and impact For transformative development and application of natural organic chemicals and on the long-term fate in science knowledge representation and establishing of high-bandwidth uranium-lead zircon of petroleum inputs in the marine environment. the Earth and space science informatics discipline. geochronology to Earth science.

Sarah T. Gille Alex Guenther Jennifer W. Harden For exceptional contributions to advancing For leadership in atmospheric and terrestrial For fundamental contributions the understanding of the dynamics of the Southern ecosystem biogeochemistry and fundamental to quantitative understanding of soils Ocean and its role in the climate system. contributions on biogenic volatile organic compound in global change and carbon cycling. emissions, biosphere-atmospheric interactions, and their roles in atmospheric photochemistry.

Mike Jackson José-Luis Jiménez Ian Joughin For fundamental discoveries in mineral and rock For shifting the paradigm of formation and chemical For developing and applying new techniques magnetism and pioneering applications evolution of atmospheric organic aerosol. to document, explain, and project changes to paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental research. of the great ice sheets.

Praveen Kumar Glen Michael MacDonald Hugh O’Neill For pioneering the ﬁ eld of “hydrocomplexity” For seminal discoveries on patterns, causes, For measurements of the thermodynamic properties to understand the emergent behaviors in multiscale and impacts of long-term environmental change, of oxides and silicates and their application water, climate, and vegetation interactions. especially in North America and the Arctic. to understanding the origin and evolution of the Earth.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 19 AGU NEWS AGU NEWS

Bette L. Otto-Bliesner Jonathan Taylor Overpeck Hans W. Paerl Cynthia Rosenzweig Roger M. Samelson Martha Kane Savage For fundamental contributions and expertise in using For increasing our understanding of paleoclimate For work on the causes and consequences For fundamental advances in exploring For insightful use of mathematical methods For groundbreaking work using seismic anisotropy computer-based models of Earth’s climate system through multiproxy approaches and integrating of of key biogeochemical and ecological changes and assessing climate change impacts to elucidate the physics of observed ocean to determine tectonic deformation in the crust to investigate past climate change and climate variability paleoclimatic perspectives in global change assessment. impacting estuarine and coastal ecosystems. on the natural and urban environments. variability and air-sea interaction. and mantle and active deformation across a wide range of time scales. of volcanoes tied to their eruptive cycles.

William K. Peterson Robert Pinkel Fred F. Pollitz Barbara Sherwood Lollar Laurence C. Smith Michael J. Thompson For fundamental contributions to understanding For outstanding ocean observations For original contributions to understanding For outstanding contributions to understanding For transformative research in Arctic hydrology, For seminal advances in understanding the ionization and escape of planetary atmospheres and scientiﬁ c interpretations based the processes responsible for transient the subsurface carbon systems and energy sources cryosphere processes, climate change, the structure and dynamics of the solar interior and their involvement in space plasma dynamics. on innovative sensors and analyses. deformation following large earthquakes. required for sustaining life in extreme environments. and its societal impacts. through application of helioseismology.

Jay Quade William Randel Philip John Rasch Axel Timmermann Larry D. Travis Peter A. Troch For trailblazing fi eld studies and novel use of stable, For outstanding contributions in understanding For signifi cant contributions to climate modeling For major contributions to the understanding For pioneering excellence in satellite observations For groundbreaking contributions to understanding radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotopes to age, reconstruct, the physical mechanisms behind observed variability and advancing the understanding of impacts of the El Niño phenomenon, the Atlantic Ocean of planetary atmospheres and fundamental advances hillslope to landscape-scale hydrological processes. and understand surfi cial processes across six continents. and change in stratospheric composition and dynamics. of climate change on the Earth’s system. Circulation, abrupt climate change, and ice ages. in radiative transfer and multiple-scattering theory.

Lorraine A. Remer Michael Roderick Daniel Rosenfeld Scott W. Tyler Jean-Pierre Vilotte Martin Visbeck For pioneering a global view of aerosols For seminal contributions to the science of evaporation For seminal advances in discovering For fundamental advancements For signiﬁ cant work in introducing quantitative For outstanding contributions to ocean circulation in our atmosphere and sustained leadership and transpiration, including interpretation of changes in and understanding aerosol-cloud- of desert, river, lake, and glacial processes numerical methods from continental collision and mixing and the role of the oceans in climate. in quantifying aerosol interactions with clouds, evapotranspiration under global environmental change. precipitation-climate interactions. through novel measurement, theory, to seismic wave propagation and rupture dynamics climate, and our ecosystem. and international collaboration. using consistent mechanical and ﬁ nite-element methods.

20 // Eos 15 November 2015 Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 21 AGU NEWS

Cynthia Rosenzweig Roger M. Samelson Martha Kane Savage For fundamental advances in exploring For insightful use of mathematical methods For groundbreaking work using seismic anisotropy and assessing climate change impacts to elucidate the physics of observed ocean to determine tectonic deformation in the crust on the natural and urban environments. variability and air-sea interaction. and mantle and active deformation of volcanoes tied to their eruptive cycles.

Barbara Sherwood Lollar Laurence C. Smith Michael J. Thompson For outstanding contributions to understanding For transformative research in Arctic hydrology, For seminal advances in understanding the subsurface carbon systems and energy sources cryosphere processes, climate change, the structure and dynamics of the solar interior required for sustaining life in extreme environments. and its societal impacts. through application of helioseismology.

Axel Timmermann Larry D. Travis Peter A. Troch For major contributions to the understanding For pioneering excellence in satellite observations For groundbreaking contributions to understanding of the El Niño phenomenon, the Atlantic Ocean of planetary atmospheres and fundamental advances hillslope to landscape-scale hydrological processes. Circulation, abrupt climate change, and ice ages. in radiative transfer and multiple-scattering theory.

Scott W. Tyler Jean-Pierre Vilotte Martin Visbeck For fundamental advancements For signiﬁ cant work in introducing quantitative For outstanding contributions to ocean circulation of desert, river, lake, and glacial processes numerical methods from continental collision and mixing and the role of the oceans in climate. through novel measurement, theory, to seismic wave propagation and rupture dynamics and international collaboration. using consistent mechanical and ﬁ nite-element methods.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 21 AGU NEWS

Meet the 2015–2016 Congressional Science Fellows

GU is excited to introduce its 2015– ing policy makers, is necessary for effective Yanbin Wang 2016 Congressional Science Fellows, policies. Her passion for policy lies in environ- For pioneering work on synchrotron Timia Crisp McClain and Michael Glot- mental conservation and science education, high-pressure mineral physics. A ter. Timia and Michael began their fellowships and she believes that strong STEM (science, in September and will work in congressional technology, engineering, mathematics) edu- offices through August 2016. cation “is essential not only for developing the AGU has supported fellows for the past future scientists of America, but also to create 38 years, as they use their broad scientific a more science-literate society.” background and their unique knowledge of issues such as climate, energy, and resource Michael Glotter management to inform and guide policy mak- Michael received his ers on science issues. Through the fellowship Ph.D. in geophysics in program, which is administered by the Ameri- June from the University can Association for the Advancement of Sci- of Chicago (UC). While at ence (AAAS), fellows gain firsthand knowledge UC, Michael was able to of the legislative process and explore career create a unique doctoral paths outside of academia. Although some fel- program by taking Guoxiong Wu lows return to research following their time on courses in business and For seminal contributions to the understanding the Hill, many stay on as full-time staffers or law alongside traditional of subtropical and monsoon dynamics and the impacts take on other policy-related roles at think science coursework. This of the Tibetan Plateau on circulation and climate change. tanks and executive agencies. interdisciplinary approach is important to him because of the varied interests and perspec- Timia Crisp McClain tives needed to solve complex problems like Timia recently completed climate change. His dissertation topic, how her Ph.D. in chemistry at climate change impacts the global food sup- the University of Califor- ply, aptly demonstrates his ability to connect nia, San Diego (UCSD). science to societal issues. Michael aspires to Her dissertation con- work “at the intersection of academia and sisted of multiple field public policy and help decision makers adapt studies that analyzed the to new challenges from a changing world.” reactiveness of haloge- AGU members interested in applying for nated and acidic gases in next year’s AGU Congressional Science Fel- the marine boundary lowships should visit http://bit.ly/AGU_CSF. layer of the atmosphere. In addition to her Applications for the 2016–2017 term opened Ping Yang academic work, Timia worked with UCSD’s on 1 November 2015 and will close on 1 Febru- For signiﬁ cant work on light scattering properties Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La ary 2016. of atmospheric particles, radiative transfer, Jolla, Calif., to create science exhibits, terrestrial thermal emission, and remote sensing enhancing communication of current research of cloud properties. to the general public. Timia believes that com- By Alison Evans, AGU Public Affairs Intern; email: municating science to a wide audience, includ- [email protected]

Visit eos.org/agu-news to read announcements of AGU section and focus group awards.

22 // Eos 15 November 2015 AGU NEWS

Donors Can Help AGU Climb to Greater Heights Adobe Stock

GU brings many resources to bear on • improves the scientific literacy of the finding solutions to our world’s next generation of citizens, and A most pressing problems. Foremost • develops a continuing flow of the are our members, who represent the full highest-quality scientists to tackle the breadth of the Earth and space sciences. problems of the future. Aiding those members and other researchers in their work, our highly cited journals Pressing Need reflect the expansive range of cutting-edge To enable these endeavors, AGU has revital- research. Our meetings and conferences ized its approach to development. Members bring together the brightest minds to share and donors have stepped up to aid our work, critical new infor- but the need contin- mation with one ues to grow. another and to Just 37 donors made gifts Last year, our Vol- identify areas ripe of $1000 or more in 2014, untary Contribution for collaboration. Campaign raised With those nearly $400,000 to equating to 1 out of Fig. 1. Most of last year’s 4400 donors to AGU gave less resources, AGU support programs than $50 (gray), providing only 8.6% of total funds promotes the roughly every 1600 AGU and initiatives across • received by the organization. The 2.2% of donors who wise management AGU. A look at who members. gave more than $500 each (blue) contributed greater of our planet based contributed shows than half (53.80%) of the value of all 2014 donations. on scientific knowl- that AGU has a very edge, strong base of • builds an inclusive global community donors. Those supporting AGU with gifts of 69% of our 4400 donors gave less than $50, of Earth and space scientists who share $500 or more made up just over 2% of donors totaling almost $32,000. ideas and solve important problems, and contributed a total of nearly $200,000 Even with more than 4000 donors, only • gives decision makers and the general (see Figure 1). Just 37 donors made gifts of 7% of AGU members supported AGU with public sound scientific information to $1000 or more in 2014, equating to 1 out of charitable gifts in 2014. What’s more telling inform the debate on societal issues, roughly every 1600 AGU members. Nearly is that the number of donors has fallen at a

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 23 AGU NEWS

significant rate since 2011, when there were nearly 7500 donors (see Figure 2). Help us reverse this declining trend! Support AGU and make a difference today. The participation goal for 2015 is 12%, or 7200 donors.

What Can You Do Now? Supporting AGU programs makes a demonstrable difference in the lives and careers of our members and in the global understanding of scientific advancements and issues. Student Travel Grants support AGU’s student members as they attend and present at Fig. 2. Following a decline in donor numbers since 2011, when 7500 AGU members donated to the organization, only 7% of members cur- their first Fall Meeting. This rently support AGU with charitable gifts. AGU has established a new goal for 2015 of 12% of members giving donations. Please support experience opens the door to AGU with a gift of any size. fruitful and long-lasting careers, feeding the talent pipeline and ensuring that the next genera- can fund one domestic or international stu- ence in the use of technical information in tion of great scientists is well trained and dent’s attendance, respectively, at a Fall policy decisions. ready for the field. Gifts of $500 and $1000 Meeting. AGU’s 23 sections and focus groups cre- The Mass Media ate and facilitate opportunities for AGU Fellowship and members to network with colleagues in Congressional Sci- their field, honor luminaries, support the ence Fellowship next generation by mentoring students and place highly quali- early-career scientists, and foster scientific fied, accomplished discussion and collaboration among their scientists and engi- affiliates. neers in assign- ments where they The 2015 Challenge can learn about sci- Many individuals give, but at very modest ence communica- levels. We challenge all members to consider tion or policy mak- at least a $50 contribution in 2015. We real- ing and contribute ize everyone has different financial situa- their expertise to tions—some can give more, others less—but those areas. At rep- we encourage all to make meaningful contri- utable and well- butions to ensure the future of our organiza- known media out- tion and the next generation of Earth and lets, Mass Media space science leaders. Fellows learn to When you make a contribution, encourage communicate about others to contribute as well. If every donor science like profes- encourages one colleague to follow suit, 2015 sional journalists will be the most successful fundraising year while contributing in AGU’s history! To make your gift, visit their expertise to http://giving.agu.org. news media coverage. In the offices of members of Con- By Jeff Borchardt, Development Director, AGU; gress or commit- email: [email protected] tees, Congressional Science Fellows enable more effec- Go to Eos.org for tive use of scientific the latest news and knowledge in government and get perspectives. firsthand experi-

24 // Eos 15 November 2015 RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT

Probing for Earthquakes’ Origins

ew Zealand’s Alpine Fault, which runs for Nhundreds of kilometers along the length of the country’s South Island, is one of the globe’s major geological features. Geological evidence indicates that the fault produces an earthquake of about magnitude 8 every 330 years on average. Given that the most recent earthquake was in 1717, the region is due for another. A new analysis by Bourguignon et al. gives insight into why these earthquakes happen by deter- mining how often and where small temblors occur near the fault. After analyzing data from a network of seismographs— instruments that measure the ground shaking intensity, direction, and duration—along the fault’s central portion, the team calculated that the depth distribution and frequency of earthquakes vary consistently with distance from the fault. Quakes that occur just below the fault are scant and deep; those that erupt farther out are more fre- quent and shallow. The team detected more than 1300 earthquakes between 2008 and 2010 near the townships of Harihari and Ross. They used these data and seismological techniques similar to those used to produce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CAT scan) images of human bodies to detail the structure of the Earth’s crust next to the Alpine Fault. They concluded that variations in temperature across the Alpine Fault affect the depths of earthquakes and that variations in the rates at which the rocks are deforming control the frequency of earthquakes. Such studies are crucial for understanding the processes and factors that trigger earthquakes. (Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, doi:10.1002/2014GC005702, Jacques Descloitres, NASA 2015) —Julia Calderone, Freelance In this true-color satellite photo, snow delineates the escarpment along the Southern Alps on New Zealand’s South Island. This Writer escarpment was formed by the Alpine Fault.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 25 RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT

Cave “Breathing” Affects Mineral Growth and Climate Clues Molly Green, University of Texas University of Texas researchers collect a glass substrate used to measure the amount of calcite deposited by cave drip water in Natural Bridge Caverns, Texas.

he impressive mineral deposits that decorate cave interiors contain important proxies for understanding past climate. These T upward growing stalagmite columns, icicle-like hanging stalac- tites, and flowstones (collectively called speleothems) form when water dissolves limestone above the cave and then redeposits it as the mineral calcite in the cave. Scientists are especially interested in these layered deposits because their carbon and oxygen isotope composition and growth rate can reflect past changes in temperature, rainfall, and vegetation above the cave. Many climate analyses have assumed that speleothem growth is constant throughout the year. Recent research, however, indicates that their growth rates vary seasonally with changing environmental conditions such as temperature, calcium concentration in the water, and concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in cave air. Such seasonal changes in growth may introduce bias into records of past climate. James et al. introduce a new global model that predicts how seasonal cave air flow patterns can influence the growth rates of speleothems. By mapping yearly temperature fluctuations around the world, the team found regions where seasonal ventilation, and thus CO2 accumu- lation in cave air, may affect speleothem growth rates. Middle- to high-latitude regions, as well as continental interiors, experience stronger seasonal ventilation patterns than those at lower latitudes and in maritime settings. The model also suggests that as long as water, calcium, and CO2 inputs remain constant, speleothems in middle- to high-latitude caves will grow more during well-ventilated cool seasons and less during the more stagnant, warm seasons when CO2 accumulates. In contrast, speleothems in the tropics should grow year-round. These results suggest that the dynamics of cave ventilation should be examined to gain the most accurate climate information from speleothems. (Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, doi:10.1002/2014GC005658, 2015) —Julia Calderone, Freelance Writer

26 // Eos 15 November 2015 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

Atmospheric Sciences ences. Resources available for teaching and research include the Texas AGU’s Career Center is the main resource for Assistant Professor at Texas A&M A&M Super-computing Center; the recruitment advertising. University Center for Geospatial Sciences, Appli- The Department of Atmospheric cations, and Technology; the Texas Sciences at Texas A&M University is Center for Climate Studies; and the All Positions Available and additional job postings can be seeking applications for a ten- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry viewed at https://eos.org/jobs-support. ure-track position at the assistant and the Environment. professor level in the field of physical The Department of Atmospheric meteorology, with an emphasis on Sciences is part of the College of Geo- AGU offers printed recruitment advertising in Eos to radiative transfer and atmospheric sciences, which also includes the reinforce your online job visibility and your brand. remote sensing. Candidates are Departments of Geology and Geo- sought with research expertise in one physics, Geography, and Oceanogra- Contact [email protected] for more information or more of the following areas: radia- phy. Texas Sea Grant, the Geochemical tive transfer, atmospheric remote and Environmental Research Group, about reserving an online job posting with a printed Eos and the International Ocean Discovery recruitment advertisement. sensing, and applications of remote sensing observations to broader areas Program are also part of the College of such as climate study, physical mete- Geosciences. Texas A&M University, a orology, and atmospheric chemistry. land-, sea-, and space-grant univer- LINE LISTING RATES: A Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences or a sity, is located in a metropolitan area related field is required at the time of with a dynamic and international

➢ appointment. Postdoctoral experi- community of over 250,000 people. ➢ $0.26 per character for each additional issue of publication ence is desirable but is not required. Texas A&M University is an affirma- $0.32 per character for first issue of publication The successful candidate will be tive action/equal opportunity STUDENT OPPORTUNITY RATES: expected to maintain a prominent employer committed to excellence research program and to teach through the recruitment and retention ➢ No Cost up to 500 characters courses at the undergradu ate and of a diverse faculty and student body graduate levels. and compliance with the Americans

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➢ Eos is published semi-monthly on the 1st and 15th of every month. Deadlines for ads in each issue are published at http://sites.agu.org/media-kits/eos-advertising-deadlines/.

➢ Eos accepts employment and open position advertisements from governments, individuals, organizations, and academic institutions. We reserve the right to accept or reject ads at our discretion.

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* Print-only recruitment ads will only be allowed for those whose requirements include that positions must be advertised in a printed/paper medium.

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 27 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

To apply, please send a CV, state- and emissivity retrievals, and partici- nasa.gov/ (Job ID #2015-5691). Appli- grid capability, for the validation and ment of research and teaching inter- pate in establishing the science foun- cations will be reviewed as they are the ultimate goal of transitioning the ests, and names and contact informa- dation and requirements for future received, and should include a curricu- prediction capability into operational tion for at least three references to: space missions. Full salary support is lum vitae, list of peer-reviewed publi- forecasting. Prof. Kenneth P. Bowman expected to be available for up to three cations, names and contact informa- Each selected candidate must have a Chair, Faculty Search Committee years, during which time the successful tion of three references, and a Ph.D. in meteorology, atmospheric sci- Department of Atmospheric Sciences applicant is expected to develop an statement of research interests. JPL/ ences, or a related field. The candidates Texas A&M University externally funded research program. Caltech is an equal opportunity/affir- will have substantial backgrounds in College Station, TX 77843-3150 Requires a Ph.D. in Physics, Chem- mative action employer. observations, theory, and/or modeling Email: k-bowman @tamu.edu istry Atmospheric Science, Planetary in tropical meteorology (e.g., tropical The position will remain open until Science or related technical degree. An The Atmospheric and Oceanic Sci- cyclones), convective-scale storms a suitable candidate is found. Initial additional three years of related expe- ences Program at Princeton Univer- (e.g., supercell), and associated analy- review of applications will begin on rience is strongly preferred, along with sity, in association with NOAA’s sis skill, to develop tools to aid GFDL December 1, 2015. an established reputation as evidenced Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labora- model developers in building a next by a significant record of peer-re- tory (GFDL), seeks two postdoctoral generation multi-scale prediction sys- Land Surface Research Scientist viewed publications. Emphasis will be or more senior researchers: tem for high impact weather events. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cali- given to scientists with experience in 1) To analyze observational datasets, The positions are for one year fornia Institute of Technology, located using multi-sensor, multi-platform including satellite data, airplane recon- renewable for up to three years pend- in Pasadena, California invites appli- satellite thermal infrared data from naissance data, and reanalysis data, to ing satisfactory progress and continued cations for a full-time scientist to join both geostationary and low Earth orbit validate the tropical cyclones (TCs) in funding. Interested candidates should the Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems platforms, and with analysis of the weather-scale and subseason- contact Shian-Jiann Lin (shian-jiann. group to manage and conduct research data they produce to carry out investi- al-to-seasonal (0-90 day) simulations [email protected]), Jan-Huey Chen (jan- on land surface temperature and gations of land surface processes and/ of GFDL HiRAM, of resolutions ranging [email protected]), and/or Lucas emissivity projects and their use of or climate studies related to the hydro- from 25 (global) to 1 km (refined grid). Harris ([email protected]) for fur- thermal infrared datasets in land sur- logic cycle. The ideal candidate will Topics of interest include the TC ther- ther information. face, atmospheric and climate investi- have experience with MODIS imaging modynamic structure, rainbands, eye- Complete applications, including a gations. sensors and other related sensor sys- walls, and convective elements; TC CV, publication list, 3 letters of recom- The incumbent will be expected to tems and data sources, such as GOES, rainfall studies; TC extratropical tran- mendation, and a one-to-two page fulfill a project manager role in leading VIIRS, ASTER, SEVIRI and other correl- sition; the interaction between TC and statement of research interests should a NASA MEaSUREs project, including ative data sets. Experience in organiz- large-scale circulation? short-term be submitted by December 1, 2015 for assisting with product development ing airborne deployments and analysis forecasts to seasonal predictability. full consideration, though evaluation and testing. The incumbent is expected of thermal infrared data acquired from 2) To conduct frontier studies on the will be ongoing until suitable candi- to collaborate with other researchers airborne platforms is desirable. Experi- genesis mechanism and predictability dates are identified. Applicants should and analyze and interpret data from an ence in scientific programming, radia- of severe convective storms over the apply online to http://jobs.princeton. array of thermal infrared satellite tive transfer modeling, and statistical continental Unites States using avail- edu, Requisition #1500814. This posi- instruments used to measure land sur- analysis is highly desirable. able satellite and radar observations tion is subject to the University’s back- face parameters, with a particular To view the full job description and and a newly-developed global ground check policy. Princeton Univer- emphasis on land surface temperature apply, visit: http://Careerlaunch.jpl. cloud-resolving model with refined- sity is an equal opportunity employer

28 // Eos 15 November 2015 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

and all qualified applicants will receive sex, sexual orientation, gender identity consideration for employment without or national origin. Women, minorities, regard to race, color, religion, sex, sex- veterans and individuals with disabili- ual orientation, gender identity, ties are encouraged to apply. Appli- national origin, disability status, pro- cants are invited to provide informa- tected veteran status, or any other tion regarding their gender, race and/or characteristic protected by law. ethnicity, veteran’s status and disability status on the form found at http:// ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (TENURE-TRACK) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA, und.edu/affirmative-action/ Atmospheric Sciences, Post-Doctoral apcontrolcard.cfm. This information GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS Research Associate, Position #24433 will remain confidential and separate COLLEGE OF SCIENCE The Department of Atmospheric from your application. Sciences invites applications for a The University of North Dakota The Department of Geology and Geophysics at Louisiana State University seeks an postdoctoral/research associate posi- determines employment eligibility outstanding individual with expertise in the broad area of geophysics. The specific tion to work on aerosol satellite prod- through the E-Verify System. geophysical research area is open to all subdisciplines of geophysics. However, the individual should be able to work on problems that either build on existing strengths ucts, modeling & data assimilation. North Dakota veterans’ preference in the Department or advance science in fields that complement these strengths. The Applicants should have a Ph.D. in does not apply to this position. position is responsible for teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, and atmospheric science or related areas. This position is subject to a criminal supervising graduate student’s research. These courses and research experiences for Experiences in remote sensing/radia- history background check. undergraduate and graduate students may include day-long excursions, weekend tion, Chemical Transport Modeling, or The University of North Dakota trips, and in some cases, trips over extended periods of time at locations at that are not on the LSU Main Campus and that these locations might include rugged data assimilation are desirable. Knowl- complies with the Jeanne Clery Disclo- conditions. Also responsible for service to the Department, College and LSU. edge in FORTRAN, C, & IDL are sure of Campus Security Policy & Cam- required. The initial appointment is pus Crime Statistics Act. Information This tenure-track position at Assistant Professor level is intended to complement our existing research strengths, such as Coastal Resilience and Near Surface Processes, one year and is renewable based on about UND campus security and crime Evolution of Sedimentary Basins, Earth Materials and Processes, Planetary Science, performance & funding availability. statistics can be found at http://und. Climate and Tectonics, Tectonometamorphism, and Polar Studies. Research in this Please send your CV, & contact infor- edu/discover/_files/docs/annual- sub-discipline may also build strength in the LSU campus-wide research focus areas mation for at least three references to security-report.pdf. of “Coastal Sustainability and Environment” (CS&E), “Conventional and Renewable Dr. Jianglong Zhang (jzhang@atmos. North Dakota veterans claiming Energy” (C&RE), “Core Computing/High Performance Computing” (CC/HPC), and “Materials Science and Engineering” (MS&E). Nominations or inquiries should be und.edu). preference must submit all proof of eli- directed to Geophysics Search Committee, at 225-578-3353 or [email protected]. The University Of North Dakota is an gibility by the closing date. Proof of Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity eligibility includes a DD-214 and if LSU is designated a Carnegie Research I University and one of a handful of distinguished universities to enjoy Land, Sea, and Space Grant status. The Employer. All qualified applicants will claiming disabled status, a current let- Department of Geology and Geophysics currently consists of 17 tenure-track faculty receive consideration for employment ter of disability (less than one year old) members having a wide range of geoscience expertise covering field, experimental, without regard to race, color, religion, from the Veterans’ Administration. analytical and theoretical components. We offer degrees in Geology at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels. The Department has a strong record of success in research and graduate training, synergistic interactions with other academic units at LSU, federal and industry-funded research and teaching programs, and a large and active alumni base. (See http://geology.lsu.edu for more information.) Opportunities for a broad range of research interactions are available within the department and throughout the university. The university actively promotes interdisciplinary research clusters including coastal sustainability and environment, conventional and renewable energy, core computing / high performance computing, and materials science and engineering. (See: http://research.lsu.edu for more information). Required Qualifications: Ph.D. in Geology, Geophysics or other relevant disciplines. The successful candidate will be in the process of developing an internationally Sedimentary Geology recognized scientific reputation, and will be expected to maintain a high-level, externally funded research program, mentor and support graduate students, publish Assistant Professor in highly ranked journals, and provide leadership both on campus and beyond. A.B.D. candidates will be considered as long as the degree is conferred by the effective date The University of Nevada, Las Vegas invites applications for a of the appointment, August 2016. Sedimentary Geology, Assistant Professor (16096). Special Requirements: Willingness and ability to travel internationally or domestically. UNLV is a comprehensive research university of approximately 29,000 Applications are to be submitted on-line. The application package should contain an students and 3,300 faculty and staff dedicated to teaching, research, and application letter, a CV, a teaching statement, a research statement, and the names service. The university has internationally recognized programs in hotel and contact information of at least three persons who can provide letters of reference administration and creative writing; professional degrees in law, architec- to [email protected]. ture, and dental medicine; and leading programs in fine arts, sciences and Applicants for this position should articulate in their application letter how they will education. UNLV is located on a 332-acre main campus and two satellite help LSU attain its goals as stated in Flagship 2020: campuses in dynamic Southern Nevada. For more information, visit us on- Discovery: Expand discovery through transformative research and creative activities line at: http://www.unlv.edu. addressing contemporary and enduring issues that shape the way we live in the world Learning: Enhance a faculty-led and student-centered learning environment that For this tenure-track position, preferred research areas include, but are not develops engaged citizens and enlightened leaders limited to, sedimentary basin evolution with applications to tectonics or Earth-life-environment interactions across critical transitions in Earth history. Diversity: Strengthen the intellectual environment by broadening the cultural diversity of the LSU community We are particularly interested in individuals who integrate field investigations with innovative geochemical, geochronological, or other analytical tech- Engagement: Promote engagement of faculty, staff and students in the transformation of communities niques to pursue interdisciplinary research. The successful candidate is expected to establish a vigorous externally funded research program; teach Offer of employment is contingent upon verification of individual’s eligibility for employment in the United States. All offers of employment, oral and written, are effectively at both undergraduate and graduate levels including undergraduate contingent on the university’s verification of credentials and other information field courses; and perform service duties at all levels. required by federal law, state law, and LSU policies/procedures, and will include the completion of a criminal history check. The review process will begin January 8, This position requires a Ph.D. in Geology from a regionally accredited col- 2016, and continue until a candidate is selected. Apply online and view a more lege or university by the start of the appointment. detailed ad at: https://lsusystemcareers.lsu.edu Position #030923. For a position description and application details, please visit LSU IS COMMITTED TO DIVERSITY AND IS AN EQUAL http://jobs.unlv.edu or call (702) 895-3504. OPPORTUNITY/EQUAL ACCESS EMPLOYER Quick link at ad URL: https://lsusystemcareers.lsu.edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=59923 EEO/AA/Vet/Disability Employer

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 29 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

Please submit a copy of the DD-214 and and telephone numbers of at least dtm.ciw.edu. Carnegie Institution is an MIT is an equal employment oppor- other veterans’ preference qualifying three professional references who may Equal Opportunity Employer. All quali- tunity employer. All qualified appli- documentation to the Office of the be contacted. Materials should be fied applicants will receive consider- cants will receive consideration for Provost. addressed to Dr. Elisabeth Hausrath, ation for employment and will not be employment and will not be discrimi- postdoctoral mentor, and are to be discriminated against on the basis of nated against on the basis of race, Biogeosciences submitted via on-line application at gender, race/ethnicity, protected vet- color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, https://hrsearch.unlv.edu. For assis- eran status, disability, or other pro- gender identity, national origin, vet- We are seeking a postdoctoral scholar tance with UNLV’s on-line applicant tected group status. eran status, or disability. to work with Dr. Elisabeth Hausrath at portal, contact UNLV Employment Ser- UNLV on algae-microorganism-min- vices at (702) 895-3504 or applicant. W. O. Crosby Postdoctoral Fellowship, Hydrology eral interactions. Responsibilities of [email protected]. EEO/AA/Vet/ MIT the position will include: Disability Employer The Department of Earth, Atmo- Postdoctoral Scholar, Soil Moisture - Sampling in remote field environ- spheric and Planetary Sciences at the Remote Sensing ments of mineral, snow, algae, and Geochemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technol- bacteria, (MIT) invites applications for the W. O. ogy (Caltech), Postdoctoral Scholars - Analysis of collected biological and Postdoctoral Fellowship Positions in Crosby Postdoctoral Fellowship. The Program at the Jet Propulsion Labora- geologic samples Geochemistry, Cosmochemistry, and fellowship supports exceptional ear- tory (JPL) invites applications for a - Growth experiments of snow algae Astrobiology ly-career scientists with research postdoctoral research position in JPL’s and microorganisms in the presence of Carnegie Institution, Department of interests in the fields of geology, geo- Surface Hydrology Group in its Earth minerals Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington, chemistry, or geobiology. Crosby Fel- Science Section. - Presenting work at conferences DC lows pursue independent research but The research will involve conduct- and writing manuscripts for publica- Openings are available beginning are encouraged to collaborate with one ing research using data from the tion in peer-reviewed journals Fall 2016 for postdoctoral fellowships or more researchers in the department. recently launched Soil Moisture Active Desired attributes include signifi- in the fields of geochemistry, cosmo- A faculty mentor hosts each fellow. Passive (SMAP) mission. Dr. James cant experience performing laboratory chemistry, and astrobiology that pro- Prospective fellows are encouraged to Famiglietti, Senior Water Scientist in and field work, a strong geochemical vide support for creative independent contact members of the department to JPL’s Earth Science Section, will serve and microbiological background, and research of the applicant’s choosing. discuss possible collaborations. The as JPL postdoctoral advisor to the experience with fine scale analytical Details on DTM research staff, labora- fellowship term is two years, contin- selected candidate. The appointee will techniques, with experience with syn- tory facilities, and ongoing research gent on good progress during the first carry out research in collaboration chrotron techniques a plus. The ideal can be found at dtm.carnegiescience. year, and includes an annual stipend of with the JPL advisor, resulting in pub- candidate will also have strong critical edu. Fellowships are for one year and $62,000 plus an allowance of up to lications in the open literature. thinking, problem solving and com- are normally renewable for a second $7,000 per year for research, relocation Candidates should have a recent munication skills, with the ability to year. and health care expenses. Fellows are PhD in Hydrology/Remote Sensing or work both independently and collabo- Applications should be submitted eligible to participate in MIT’s Affiliate related sciences with a strong back- ratively. Requirements include a PhD at online at https://jobs.carnegiescience. health plan. The start date of the fel- ground in water-related modeling, the time of appointment. The success- edu/jobs/dtm and should include a cur- lowship is flexible, but should ideally remote sensing and analyses of ful candidate will receive mentoring in riculum vitae and list of publications, fall between June 1, 2016, and January hydrologic data. Experience with soil scientific skills, manuscript and pro- description of thesis research, a short 31, 2017. Applicants must have moisture remote sensing data, hydro- posal writing, teaching, and other (2-3 page) statement of research plans obtained a Ph.D. by the start date, but logical modeling and their integration career skills. Competitive salary and for the fellowship period, and three not more than three years before the is highly desirable. Candidates who benefits. For information about our letters of recommendation by those start date. have received their PhD within the ongoing research programs please see familiar with your work. Submission Applications are due by December 1, past five years since the date of their our website here: http://faculty.unlv. details are available when you click on 2015, and must include a curriculum application are eligible. edu/hausrath/index.htm. “Apply Now.” Creativity in the pro- vitae, a list of publications, a two-page Postdoctoral Scholar positions are To apply, please submit by Decem- posed research figures heavily in the plan of research to be conducted during awarded for a minimum of one-year ber 18, 2015: a cover letter describing evaluation of the application. Review the fellowship, and three reference let- period and may be renewed up to a research experience and interests, a of the applications will begin on ters. A description of the application maximum of three years. detailed CV listing qualifications and December 1, 2015. Address any ques- process is at http://eapsweb.mit.edu/ Please email a statement of experience, and the names, addresses, tions you have to geochemfellowship@ crosby research interests, a curriculum vitae Be inventive. Looking for a postdoctoral or sabbatical research opportunity? The CIRES Visiting Fellows Program attracts scientists from around the world. Many postdoctoral Fellows have gone on to careers at CIRES, NOAA, and other prestigious academic, government, and private institutions. We select Visiting Fellows who work on a wide range of environmental science topics, and we place great value on interdisciplinary research. Candidates are strongly encouraged to contact CIRES in advance of the January 11, 2016 deadline.

More: http://cires.colorado.edu/visiting-fellows

Lindsay Chipman Postdoctoral Visiting Fellow, 2012-2013 Center for Limnology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

30 // Eos 15 November 2015 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

and the names and contact informa- vices. All qualified applicants will tion for three references to receive consideration for employment Name: James Famiglietti without regard to age, ethnicity, color, E-Mail: [email protected]. race, religion, sex, sexual orientation or gov identity, national origin, disability sta- Review of applications will begin on tus or protected veteran status. November 15, 2015. Caltech and JPL are equal opportu- Ocean Sciences nity/affirmative action employers. Women, minorities, veterans, and dis- Environmental Science/coastal pro- abled persons are encouraged to apply. cesses and sustainability. The Department of Earth and Envi- Tenure-Track Faculty TENURE TRACK POSITION IN ronmental Sciences at California State HYDROLOGY/SURFACE PROCESSES University East Bay invites applications Position – Assistant Professor – INDIANA UNIVERSITY for an assistant professor tenure-track Hydrology and Water Resources The Department of Geological Sci- position in Environmental Science to ences at Indiana University invites begin in Fall 2016. The successful can- UMass Amherst, located in Amherst, Massachusetts, sits on nearly applications for a tenure-track faculty didate will be broadly trained in Envi- 1,450-acres in the scenic Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, 90 miles position in hydrology or surface pro- ronmental Science with a specializa- from Boston and 175 miles from New York City. The campus provides a cesses at the rank of Assistant Profes- tion related to sustainability and rich cultural environment in a rural setting close to major urban centers. sor. Applicants’ areas of research coastal systems, such as effects of cli- The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University expertise may include, but are not lim- mate change, sea level rise, coastal/ of Massachusetts Amherst invites applications for a tenure-track faculty ited to: fluid processes within the criti- marine renewable energy, etc. The per- position at the assistant professor level in the area of Water Resources. The cal zone, surface and groundwater flow, son filling this position should be qual- appointment is expected to begin September 1, 2016. We seek an individual catchment-scale hydrology, landscape ified to teach a range of undergraduate who can provide innovative solutions to national and international issues of evolution, physical surface processes courses in the department’s growing concern including: environmental data science, systems analysis, hydrologic on earth and other planets, tectonic Environmental Science program, and applications of remote sensing, hydroclimatology and adaptation to climate geomorphology, computational model- courses in the candidate’s area of change, risk assessment, environmental restoration, and sustainable water ing in any of these fields and the study expertise. Candidates with expertise infrastructure. of their connections to global climate. and advanced degrees in Earth science, The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering has 27 full-time, We seek individuals whose research environmental science, oceanography, tenure track faculty members and approximately 120 graduate students complements one or more of our atmospheric science, climatology, etc. and 330 undergraduates. The department’s research expenditures exceed $8 strengths in sedimentation and stra- are strongly encouraged to apply. million/year. Additional information about the department can be obtained tigraphy, near-surface processes and Applicants should have a Ph.D., out- at cee.umass.edu. environmental geosciences, geophysics standing teaching skills, and a com- and tectonics, geochemistry, and mitment to pursue an active research The successful candidate will be responsible for establishing and maintaining atmospheric sciences. Our departmen- and teaching program in partnership a program of externally funded research. We anticipate the successful tal research and teaching resources with other faculty engaged in sustain- candidate will build research collaborations within the department as well as include a premiere Geologic Field Sta- ability issues at CSUEB. Review of throughout the campus, including with the Department of Interior Northeast Climate Science Center housed at UMass. The candidate should have tion and the instrumented Willow applications will begin October 15, graduate and undergraduate teaching interests that draw from one or more Creek Watershed in Montana, exten- 2015, and the position will be consid- of the following areas: mathematical modeling, statistics, systems analysis, sive analytical instrumentation, GIS ered open until filled (applications environmental fluid mechanics, hydrology and hydraulics. Applicants must and remote sensing facilities, coupled after October 15 will be accepted). have a Ph.D. in a civil engineering or a closely related field or anticipate such with exceptional campus infrastructure Please see the full position announce- a degree by August 2016. Salary will be commensurate with qualifications for high performance computing, and ment at the department’s web site: and experience. engagement with the Integrated Pro- www20.csueastbay.edu/csci/ gram for the Environment. Successful departments/earth/index.html. CSUEB Candidates should provide the following in their application package: candidates, who must hold a PhD is an Equal Opportunity Employer. (1) statement of interest, teaching and research qualifications, description degree by the time of appointment, are of research goals and how the candidate’s expertise would successfully expected to develop a strong, collabo- Marine Microbiologist - Florida integrate with department and University strengths; rative, externally funded program, to International University (2) current Curriculum Vitae; supervise research by graduate and The Department of Biological Sci- (3) three original research articles or equivalent; undergraduate students, and to teach ences at Florida International Univer- (4) full contact information for at least four references; and both undergraduate and graduate sity (http://biology.fiu.edu/) in courses in their fields of expertise. Miami, FL is seeking applicants for a (5) a brief abstract for a potential research seminar. Please submit a cover letter, a cur- tenure track Assistant Professor posi- Review of applications will begin on December 15, 2015, and continue until riculum vitae, statements of teaching tion. The successful candidate will be a suitable candidate is identified. and research interests, the names and expected to maintain an externally email addresses of three individuals funded research program, supervise Submit your application materials to: willing to provide reference letters, and graduate students in our Ph.D. pro- http://umass.interviewexchange.com/candapply.jsp?JOBID=64499 electronic copies of up to five relevant gram, and teach upper level under- The University is committed to active recruitment of a diverse faculty and publications. General inquiries should graduate and graduate level courses student body. The University of Massachusetts Amherst is an Affirmative be addressed to search_geo15@indiana. in areas of expertise in addition to Action/Equal Opportunity Employer of women, minorities, protected edu and specific questions should be rotation in teaching General Microbi- veterans, and individuals with disabilities and encourages applications referred to the Chair of the Search ology. Candidate will also be expected from these and other protected group members. Because broad diversity Committee, Professor Simon Brassell to conduct research including but not is essential to an inclusive climate and critical to the University’s goals ([email protected]) or sent to Geol- limited to: bacterial pathogenicity, of achieving excellence in all areas, we will holistically assess the many ogy, 1001 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, virology, microbial genomics, and qualifications of each applicant and favorably consider an individual’s record IN 47405. Applications should be com- environmental microbiology. Position working with students and colleagues with broadly diverse perspectives, pleted online via http://indiana. requires a Ph.D. in Oceanography, experiences, and backgrounds in educational, research or other work peopleadmin.com/postings/1924. Microbiology or a closely related field. activities. We will also favorably consider experience overcoming or helping Review of applications will begin To apply, please send a cover letter, others overcome barriers to an academic degree and career. November 1, 2015, and continue until curriculum vitae, a summary of We are seeking talented applicants qualified for an assistant professor the position is filled. research interests and teaching goals position. Under exceptional circumstances, highly qualified candidates at Indiana University is an equal to Wilma Dagdag ([email protected]). other ranks may receive consideration. employment and affirmative action Applications should be received by employer and a provider of ADA ser- December 15, 2015 to ensure full con-

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Publication: EOS/AGU Size: 3.67” x 9.09” Notes: b/w Job# 12239 IO#: 12239-12312 Screen: 85 dpi Mechanical: mbb Proofreader: POSITIONS AVAILABLE

sideration. Position is contingent on women candidates are especially funding. encouraged to apply.

West Chester University of Pennsyl- Position Announcement vania Assistant Professor in Marine/ Department of Marine, Earth, and Coastal Systems Science Atmospheric Sciences Department of Geology and Astron- Assistant/Associate Professor- Sed- omy invites applications for a ten- imentary Basin Analysis ure-track assistant professor begin- The Department of Marine, Earth, ning August, 2016 in coastal and and Atmospheric Sciences (MEAS) at marine systems science with expertise North Carolina State University (NC The International Continental Scientific in oceanography, coastal/freshwater State) intends to fill a junior (Assistant hydrology, and/or the impact of cli- I Associate Professor) tenure-track Drilling Program (ICDP) mate change on coastal and marine faculty position in sedimentary basin systems. The successful candidate is analysis. Possible research areas Call for Proposals expected to teach graduate, upper- include,but are not limited to, the rela- The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP coordinates level undergraduate, and general edu- tionship of basin evolution to and supports multinational endeavours in continental scientific drilling. The cation courses in oceanography and mantle processes,linkages of stra- program focuses on challenging themes of global geoscientific and socio- earth systems, and will have the tigraphy to landscape evolution as a economic relevance, including, but not limited to, active faulting, earthquake opportunity to develop new courses in function of tectonics, climate, and sea- processes, heat and mass transport, global cycles, cataclysmic events, and the the fields of marine geology, coastal level change, the prediction of hidden biosphere. and estuarine processes and hydrology. sub-surface porosity and permeability Refer to our complete advertisement at to model the movement of water and With this announcement, the ICDP invites Earth scientists to submit project http://agency.governmentjobs.com/ hydrocarbons, and the use of stratigra- proposals in which drilling is required to achieve critical research goals. This wcupa/default.cfm (Job# 16-88). phy in paleo-environmental and call is open to investigators from ICDP member countries (Austria, Belgium, paleo-biological studies. The starting Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, India, Solid Earth Geophysics date for this position is 15 August 2016. Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Candidates that combine surface and/ Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States Department of Geography University or subsurface observations with of America) as well as from countries considering membership in the ICDP. of Alabama numerical simulations, analogue mod- Please note that ICDP provides operational support and allocates co-funding ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA 35487- els, or laboratory experiments to for drilling-related costs only; research grants for the project should be sought 0322. The University of Alabama, investigate the geologic history of sed- from other funding agencies. This concept of commingled funding and inter- Department of Geography invites imentary basins are preferred, and national cost sharing, in addition to an exchange of technological capabilities applications for a tenure-track applicants should have a strong inter- and know-how, has proven very successful over the years. (9-month) faculty position in physical est in interdisciplinary collaborations geography at the rank of Assistant Pro- across and beyond the geosciences. PROPOSAL PREPARATION fessor, start date August 16, 2016. This Applicants must hold a Ph.D. degree The submission of proposals to the ICDP is normally handled in a 2-step new position will support the contin- in the geosciences or a related field. procedure. The first step is the submission of a pre-proposal in which a request ued expansion of our Department Postdoctoral experience is preferred, to hold an ICDP-funded workshop is submitted. The proposal should outline including our recent initiative to but not required. The successful candi- the main objectives, the scientific importance of the planned project, details of develop a Ph.D. program. Successful date must demonstrate strong poten- the proposed drill site, the expertise of the group of proponents and envisaged candidates will demonstrate excellence tial for outstanding accomplishments international collaboration. The workshop serves to bring together a compe- in teaching and research, as well as in research, research supervision, and titive international research team which can develop a full drilling proposal. potential for developing robust, exter- teaching. The successful applicant will Principal Investigators should note that they are responsible for planning and nally-funded research programs that be expected to teach an undergradu- running pre-site surveys needed to facilitate the choice of an appropriate drill complement one or more of the ate-level course in stratigraphy, as well site. Following a successful pre-proposal and workshop a full proposal can be department’s broader research foci as other undergraduate and graduate including: climatology, coupled classes commensurate with the candi- submitted in a second step. human-environment systems, envi- date’s interest and expertise. An inter- PROPOSAL EVALUATION ronmental management and change, est in participating in the Depart- All proposals are evaluated by the Science Advisory Group (SAG) of the and human impacts on the environment’s capstone undergraduate ICDP, which makes recommendations to the Executive Committee (EC) ment (see geography.ua.edu). A Ph.D. geology field course also is desirable. based on scientific quality and priority. The EC then reviews technical and in Geography or closely related disci- MEAS places a high value on excellent financial issues in order to ensure that projects are feasible within the con- pline at time of appointment is instruction and the use of innovative straints of ICDP’s annual and long-range plans. The EC informs the Principal required. The University of Alabama is teaching methods. Investigator(s) of the outcome of the evaluation, and states whether further rapidly growing (over 37,000 students) Affiliated with the College of Sci- development of the proposal is to be encouraged or not. and provides excellent faculty support ences at NC State, MEAS is one of the and many opportunities to collaborate largest interdisciplinary geoscience ICDP aims to foster joint projects with the International Ocean Discovery with scientists on the Tuscaloosa cam- departments in the nation. Opportuni- Program, IODP. We therefore cordially invite project proposals in which pus including the new NOAA National ties exist for disciplinary and interdis- coordinated drilling on land and at sea is required or land-sea transect drilling Water Center www.nws.noaa.gov/oh/ ciplinary interactions with more than series are planned (“amphibious projects”). Joint project proposal submission nwc/. Formal Review of applications 30 marine, earth, and atmospheric sci- will be accepted by both programs and jointly evaluated. will begin October 12, 2015, and will entists. Additional information about continue until the position is filled. the department and its facilities can be The deadline for proposal submission to the ICDP, including those for amphi- Apply online at https://facultyjobs. found on the web page: http://www. bious projects, is January 15, 2016. Please submit a digital copy via email of ua.edu/postings/37569. Applicants meas.ncsu.edu. the preliminary or full proposal to: should be prepared to attach a cover Review of applications will begin on Uli Harms, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, letter, CV (including contact informa- 15 November 2015; the position will D-14473 Potsdam, Germany, phone +49-33l-288-1085, fax: +49-331-288-1088, tion for at least three references), and remain open until filled. Applications, E-mail: [email protected] statements of research and teaching including cover letters, curriculum interests. For additional information, vitae, teaching and research state- Detailed information on the scope of the ICDP, the submission of proposals, contact the Search Committee Chair, ments, and contact information for proposal format, and the process for development of a successful proposal is Jason Senkbeil ([email protected]). three references must be submitted available on the ICDP home page at: The University of Alabama is an Affir- online at http://jobs.ncsu.edu/ mative Action/Equal Opportunity postings/57829 http://www.icdp-online.org/proposals. Employer and actively seeks diversity Founded in 1887, NC State is a land- among its employees. Minority and grant institution distinguished by its

32 // Eos 15 November 2015 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

exceptional quality of research, teach- The Department of Geological Sci- regarding existing research programs, and mentor undergraduate/graduate ing, extension, and public service. ences at The University of Alabama equipment and facilities, and depart- students. The Physical Sciences Located in Raleigh,North Carolina, NC invites applications for tenure-track mental activities are at http://www. Department has 30+ faculty members State is the largest university in North faculty positions in radiogenic isotope geo.ua.edu. Questions about this posi- and has expanded its space/upper Carolina, with more than 34,000 stu- geology and energy geoscience, begin- tion should be directed to Dr. Fred atmospheric research activities over dents and 8,000 faculty and staff. ning August 2016, to be filled at the Andrus ([email protected]). the past decade. This increased National rankings consistently rate assistant professor level. Applicants should go to https:// research activity has recently culmi- Raleigh and its surrounding region Radiogenic Isotope Geology: We facultyjobs.ua.edu/postings/37457 to nated in the founding of the Center for among the five best places in the coun- seek a candidate whose research electronically apply for this position. Space and Atmospheric Research. The try to live and work, with a highly edu- focuses on development of radiogenic When submitting an application, can- department is home to one of the lead- cated workforce, moderate weather, isotope techniques for geochronology didates must provide a cover letter, CV, ing ABET-accredited undergraduate reasonable cost of living, and a wel- and/or development of non-traditional research and teaching statements, and Engineering Physics programs in the coming environment. A collaborative, isotope techniques, particularly using a list with the contact information for US, as well as expanding BS Space supportive environment for business transition metals. Minimum qualifica- at least three referees. Applications Physics, BS Astronomy & Astrophysics, and innovation and research collabo- tions are a Ph.D. degree in geosciences will be reviewed beginning December MS and PhD Engineering Physics pro- rations with area universities and the or related discipline at the time of 7, 2015, and will continue until the grams. Research Triangle Park are compelling appointment. The successful candidate position is filled. Candidates must have a Ph.D. in reasons for relocation to the area. NC will be expected to: (i) build on existing The University of Alabama is an engineering, physics, or a related disci- State is an equal opportunity and affir- isotope geochemical facilities to equal-opportunity/affirmative-action pline and be available by August 2016. mative action employer. All qualified develop state-of the-art laboratories; employer and actively seeks diversity Review of applications will begin in applicants will receive consideration (ii) institute a vigorous externally in its employees. January 2016. Applications should be for employment without regard to race, funded research program; (iii) develop submitted online at http://eraucareers. color, national origin, religion, sex, and teach courses in introductory geol- Space Physics erau.edu ; click on “career search” and sexual orientation, age, veteran status, ogy and at the undergraduate and search for faculty positions in Daytona or disability. Applications from graduate levels in their field of exper- Assistant Professor in Engineering Beach. Please refer to job announce- women, minorities, and persons with tise; and (iv) supervise student Physics ment for required materials. All inqui- disabilities are encouraged. research projects at the master and The Department of Physical Sci- ries should be addressed to search doctoral levels. ences at the Daytona Beach campus of chair: Matthew Zettergren, zettergm@ Tenure-track Assistant or Associate The Department has a wide variety Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University erau.edu Professor in Economic Geology at the of analytical equipment, including a invites applications for a Tenure-Track University of Nevada Las Vegas. fully operational VG Sector 54 TIMS (UA faculty position in areas of space or Faculty Position in Space Physics at The successful applicant will have RadIs lab - http://radis.as.ua.edu), ground-based instrumentation & space University of Delaware an active research program that electron beam instruments, XRD, XRF, systems engineering with applications The University of Delaware includes a field component that com- ICP, ICP-MS, and an advanced stable to space, atmospheric, planetary, or Newark, Delaware plements existing departmental isotope laboratory with two CF-IRMSs. earth sciences. The Department of Physics and strengths, and will have a strong com- Information about the Department is The successful candidate is expected Astronomy (web.physics.udel.edu) mitment to teaching at both graduate available on our web site at http://geo. to pursue an actively funded experi- invites applications for a position in and undergraduate levels. The candi- ua.edu. Applications, which must be mental research program, and to teach the field of Space Physics (solar and date is expected to investigate scien- submitted electronically at https:// tific questions related to economic facultyjobs.ua.edu/postings/37452, will geology, mineral resources, and/or flu- be reviewed beginning January 15, 2016 id-rock interaction; to develop new and will be accepted until the position experimental or analytical techniques is filled. Candidates must provide a for ore deposit exploration and genesis; research statement, teaching state- and to communicate results interna- ment, and CV with contact information tionally. The candidate is also expected for at least three referees. For inquiries to develop (Assistant), or show evi- regarding the position, contact Dr. dence for (Associate) a rigorous exter- Harold Stowell, Chair of RIG Search nally-funded research program and to Committee ([email protected]). supervise MS and PhD students. Pref- Energy Geoscience: Candidates are erence will be given to applicants with invited to apply who have specialties research interests in one or more sub- within any field of geoscience pertain- disciplines including high temperature ing to energy exploration. Scientists and/or isotope geochemistry, geo- with industry experience are encour- chemical modeling, experimental aged to apply. Candidates must have a petrology, and/or geochronology as strong record of research and must they relate to ore deposit genesis. The have received a Ph.D. in geology, geo- UNLV Geoscience department has 21 physics, or a related field at the time of Faculty, more than 50 MS/PhD stu- appointment. The successful candidate dents, and hosts laboratory facilities will establish a vigorous, externally including stable isotope, argon geo- funded research program, develop chronology, fluid inclusions, XRF/XRD, relationships with the energy industry, ICP-MS, soils, and electron micro- work closely with the Center for Sedi- probe/SEM labs. Materials should be mentary Basin Studies, and attract and addressed to Dr. Matthew Lachniet, advise high-quality graduate students. Search Committee Chair, and are to be Teaching responsibilities will include submitted via on-line application at undergraduate and graduate courses in https://hrsearch.unlv.edu . Review of her/his specialty and introductory application materials will begin on geology. The department has a broad 12/11/15 and continue until filled. UNLV range of geophysical, geochemical, and is an Affirmative Action / Equal Oppor- computational facilities, in addition to tunity educator and employer commit- University shared facilities, including ted to excellence through diversity. the Dauphin Island Sea Lab. Depart- mental software includes industry Two Tenure-Track Assistant Profes- standards such as ProMAX, Petrel, sor Positions in Radiogenic Isotope TechLog, PetroMod, Move, Petra, Geo- Geology and Energy Geoscience soft, ArcGIS, and Matlab. Details

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 33 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

heliospheric) in the Department of assistant professor level, as well as to Physics and Astronomy. Applications more senior exceptionally qualified will be considered for appointment at candidates for appointment at higher the level of Assistant Professor (ten- ranks. We are interested in a broad ure-track) up to Associate Professor spectrum of computational plasma with tenure, as determined by experi- physics areas, including fundamental ence and qualifications. Experience plasma physics, geospace, solar, helio- with observational analysis of space spheric and astrophysical plasma physics phenomena is preferred but physics, plasma fusion, and plasma not required. Priority will be given to device modeling. Candidates are The Kiel University wants to attract more qualified women for candidates who can complement exist- sought who combine an outstanding professorships. ing research programs, which include research record with a strong commit- solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric, ment to undergraduate and graduate The Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences of and cosmic ray physics. The successful teaching and mentoring. The success- Kiel University invites applications for the position of a candidate will be expected to establish ful candidate is expected to comple- a significant externally funded research ment and expand existing theoretical program and teach at the undergradu- and experimental efforts; please visit W2 Professorship (for 5 years) for ate and graduate levels. Applicants physics.dartmouth.edu for additional Political Science with Focus on must include a curriculum vitae, publi- information. Application material cation list, research plan, teaching (including: cover letter; current CV International Maritime Policy statement, and arrange for three let- with publication record; statement of ters of reference. Review of applica- research interests and plans; state- The professorship shall strengthen the social science tions will begin on December 1, 2015 ment of teaching interests; complete competence of Kiel Marine Science (KMS) and will and continue until the position is filled. contact information of at least three collaborate with the center for interdisciplinary marine Located in scenic Newark, Delaware, professional references) should be within 2 hours of New York, Philadel- submitted electronically to apply. research Kiel Marine Science KMS. phia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., interfolio.com/31594. Application Besides internationally visible, peer-reviewed publications and the University is one of the oldest review will begin on January 11, 2016, land-grant institutions in the nation, and continue until the position is filled. excellence in empirical social research methods, we expect one of 19 sea-grant institutions, and Dartmouth College is an equal oppor- a research focus on maritime questions, such as provision one of only 13 space-grant institutions. tunity/affirmative action employer and control of, or conflicts about, international public goods, With external funding exceeding $200 with a strong commitment to diversity. marine environmental protection, international resource and million, the University ranks among In that spirit, we are particularly inter- the top 100 universities in federal R&D ested in receiving applications from a trade policy, maritime claims, security of international trading support for science and engineering broad spectrum of people, including routes, marine spatial planning. and has nationally recognized research women, minorities, individuals with (Carnegie rated, very high research disabilities, veterans or any other The proven ability to do interdisciplinary research and the activity). With 23 academic depart- legally protected group. willingness to cooperate with the Kiel center for interdisciplinary ments, 27 interdisciplinary programs marine research KMS are expected. and centers, and more than 10,000 Interdisciplinary/Other students, the College of Arts and Sci- The professorship comes with a reduced teaching load of 6 ences is the largest college on campus Assistant Professor of Geology and SWS/semesters. The professorship is limited in time for 5 years. (www.cas.udel.edu). The University of Geophysics Missouri University of Delaware is an Equal Opportunity Science and Technology The position is opened with respect to Art. § 61 and § 63 Employer and encourages applications The Department of Geosciences and Section 1 of the Higher Education Act of the State of Schleswig- from minority group members and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Holstein. For additional information, please refer to the website women. invites applications for a full-time ten- For a complete list of requirements ure-track faculty position in Geology www.berufungen.uni-kiel.de. and job duties and to apply online, and Geophysics at the Assistant Pro- The Kiel University aims to increase the share of female please visit the UDJOBS website at fessor level in petroleum geology with http://apply.interfolio.com/32054. expertise in carbonate reservoirs and scientists in research and teaching. It thus strongly encourages Equal Employment Opportunity basin analysis to begin in August, 2016. women with appropriate qualifications to apply for the position. The University of Delaware is an Review of applications will begin in Women with equivalent qualifications, competence and expertise Equal Opportunity Employer which November and continue until the will be given preference. The university also supports the encourages applications from minority search is completed. The successful candidate will be expected to develop employment of disabled persons. Persons with disabilities group members, women, individuals with a disability and veterans. The an externally-funded research pro- will be employed preferentially, if they have appropriate University’s Notice of Non-Discrimi- gram integrated with excellence in qualification and aptitudes. We explicitly welcome applications nation can be found at http://www. teaching at both the graduate and from candidates with a migration background. Please refrain udel.edu/aboutus/legalnotices.html. undergraduate levels with a commit- from submitting photographs. Employment offers will be conditioned ment to interdisciplinary work. Teach- upon successful completion of a crimi- ing responsibilities will include courses Applications (including CV, list of publications and teaching, nal background check. A conviction as part of degree requirements as well copies of academic certificates, as well as private and will not necessarily exclude you from as in the candidate’s area of expertise. employment. The Department currently has 20 full- workplace addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail address) time faculty, and 371 undergraduate th are to be sent until December 11 , 2015 both by regular TENURE-TRACK ASSISTANT PRO- and 309 graduate degree-seeking stu- mail and by e-mail to the Dean of the Faculty of Business, FESSOR FACULTY POSITION IN THE- dents with established B.S., M.S., and Economics and Social Sciences of Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, ORETICALAND COMPUTATIONAL Ph.D. programs in Geology & Geophys- Germany ([email protected]) PLASMA PHYSICS Department of ics, Petroleum Engineering, and Geo- Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth logical Engineering. Closely associated College departments include Environmental Applications are invited for a faculty Engineering and Mining Engineering. position in Theoretical and Computa- Local area establishments with active tional Plasma Physics, with a preferred research include the U.S. Geological starting date of Fall 2016. Consider- Survey (Mid-continent Geospatial ation will be given to applicants at the Mapping Center), Missouri Department

34 // Eos 15 November 2015 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

of Natural Resources, Fort Leonard research program. Submit statement, Wood, the Missouri S&T Rock Mechan- curriculum vitae, 1-3 significant pub- ics and Explosives Research Center, lications, and contact information for Materials Research Center, and Energy three referees to Dr. Margi Rusmore, Research and Development Center. Search Committee Chair, at Interested applicants should submit a [email protected]. Members of cover letter, a current curriculum vitae, underrepresented groups are espe- a statement of research and teaching cially encouraged to apply. Review of interests and experience, and complete applications will begin October 15, contact information for four references 2015, and will continue until the electronically to the Missouri Univer- search closes on December 22, 2015. The Kiel University wants to attract more qualified women for sity of Science and Technology’s Search committee members will meet professorships. Human Resource Office at http://hr. interested candidates at the GSA and mst.edu/careers/academic/. Applicants AGU meetings; email the committee The Kiel University invites applications for the following should ask for Position Number to make arrangements. position to be filled as soon as possible: 00031149 to be included on each reference sent directly to the chair of the Postdoctoral Fellowship Positions in W2 Professorship for Social search committee, Dr. Wan Yang Geophysics, Volcanology, Planetary ([email protected]). The final candi- Science Science (for 5 years) with Focus date is required to provide copies of Carnegie Institution, Department of on Social Dynamics in Coastal official transcript(s) for any college Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington, degree(s) listed in application materi- DC and Marine Areas als submitted, prior to the start of Openings are available beginning employment. In addition, the final Fall 2016 for postdoctoral fellowships Kiel University is establishing a new professorship with a candidate may be required to verify in the fields of terrestrial or planetary research focus on coastal and marine topics, dealing with other credentials listed in application geophysics and volcanology. These societal processes and spatial human-environment-relations. materials. Failure to do so may result in fellowships provide salary, travel, and Candidates should be social scientists coming from the fields the withdrawal of the job offer. All job research support for creative indepen- of Sociology, Human Geography, or related disciplines. His/her offers are contingent upon successful dent research of the applicant’s choos- completion of a criminal background ing. Details on DTM research staff, lab- work should be based on empirical social research methods. check. The University of Missouri is an oratory facilities, and ongoing research Fields of research may include: analysis of socio-ecological equal access, equal opportunity, affir- can be found at dtm.carnegiescience. systems, assessment of vulnerability and resilience of coastal mative action employer that is fully edu. Fellowships are for one year and committed to achieving a diverse fac- are normally renewable for a second and marine communities, conflict analysis, social inequality, ulty and staff. Equal Opportunity is and year. risk management, studies in ecosystem services, marine shall be provided for all employees and Applications should be submitted spatial planning. applicants for employment on the online at https://jobs.carnegiescience. basis of their demonstrated ability and edu/jobs/dtm and should include a cur- The professorship will cooperate in the center for interdisciplinary competence without unlawful discrim- riculum vitae and bibliography, marine research Kiel Marine Science (KMS). Therefore, the ination on the basis of their race, color, description of thesis research, and a applicant should have experience in conducting interdisciplinary national origin, ancestry, religion, sex, short (2-3 page) statement of research research. sexual orientation, gender identity, plans for the fellowship period. Appli- gender expression, age, genetic infor- cants are also encouraged to contact a The professorship comes with a reduced teaching load of 6 mation, disability, or protected veteran current staff member to discuss SWS/semesters. The professorship is limited in time for 5 years. status. research plans. Creativity in the proposed research figures heavily in the The position is opened with respect to Art. § 61 and § 63 Assistant Professor, Sedimentary evaluation of the application. Three Section 1 of the Higher Education Act of the State of Schleswig- Geology/Paleoclimate letters of recommendation by those Holstein. For additional information, please refer to the website The Department of Geology at Occi- familiar with your work should also be www.berufungen.uni-kiel.de. dental College invites applications for submitted online. Submission details an Assistant Professor in sedimentary are available when you click on “Apply The Kiel University aims to increase the share of female geology with a research focus in Now.” Review of the applications will scientists in research and teaching. It thus strongly encourages paleoclimate, paleoenvironmental begin on December 1, 2015. Please women with appropriate qualifications to apply for the position. change, and/or fluvial - coastal pro- email any questions you have to Women with equivalent qualifications, competence and expertise cesses. Occidental is a nationally [email protected]. Carnegie will be given preference. Applications from scientists with ranked liberal arts college recognized Institution is an Equal Opportunity disabilities will be treated with priority in case of equal quali- for its diverse student body and out- Employer. All qualified applicants will fications. We explicitly encourage candidates with a migration standing undergraduate research pro- receive consideration for employment gram. We seek a colleague who values and will not be discriminated against background to apply. Please refrain from submitting photo- undergraduate teaching and can sus- on the basis of gender, race/ethnicity, graphs. tain an active research program protected veteran status, disability, or Applications in English including CV, certificates of academic involving undergraduates. In addition other protected group status. to courses related to specialty, the degrees, a list of publications, copies of up to five of the most successful candidate will contribute to The O.K. Earl Postdoctoral Fellowship important publications, a list of third-party funds raised during teaching introductory geology, sup- and the Texaco Postdoctoral Fellowship the last five years, information about teaching experiences, port the Environmental Science con- The California Institute of Technol- and a statement about previous and future research interests centration, engage undergraduates in ogy announces two one-year fellow- together with private and academic postal and e-mail addresses research, and mentor students ships in Geological and Planetary Sci- and telephone numbers should be submitted by December 11th, through completion of senior theses. ences beginning with the 2016-17 Fall 2015 to the Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Applications should include a term. The O.K. Earl and Texaco Post- statement of teaching and research doctoral Fellowships are awards funded Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany. interests in the context of a liberal arts by endowments from Orrin K. Earl, Jr. college. Candidates should specifically and the Texaco Philanthropic Founda- address their ability to 1) teach in a tion. Each fellowship carries an annual socioeconomically, ethnically and cul- stipend of $62,000 plus a research turally diverse environment, and 2) expense fund of $5,000, and one-way engage students in an ongoing travel costs to Pasadena. Completion of

Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 35 POSITIONS AVAILABLE

the Ph.D. is required. Fellows are eligi- Hiring is contingent upon the satis- contact the search chair, Amy Weis- interests and philosophy, teaching ble to participate in Caltech’s health factory completion of a background logel, at [email protected] evaluations as available, and full con- and dental program. check. or (304) 293-6721. tact information for 3 references. In For fellowship details and to apply Quantitative Structural Geology or addition, please arrange for three let- online, please visit: https:// Two Tenure-Track Assistant Profes- Geomechanics: We seek to hire a full- ters of reference to be sent directly to applications.caltech.edu/job/gpspd sor Positions in Basin-modeling/ time (9-month), tenure-track Assis- [email protected]. For Materials in support of an applica- Solid Earth Geophysics and Sedi- tant Professor specializing in quanti- additional information, please see tion should include curriculum vitae, mentology tative structural geology with pages.geo.wvu.edu/GeologyTAP or list of publications, a one-page state- The Department of Geology at Kan- interests in the study of fractured contact the search chair, Thomas ment of research interests, and three sas State University invites applica- reservoirs and geomechanics. The Kammer, at [email protected]. letters of reference. Applications and tions for two tenure-track faculty posi- successful candidate will be expected edu or (304) 293-9663. references are due by December 1, 2015. tions at the assistant professor level to develop a vigorous external- WVU is an EEO/Affirmative Action EOE of Minorities/Females/Pro- beginning in August 2016 in the areas ly-funded research program, teach Employer and welcomes applications tected Vets/Disability of: (1) sedimentology and/or stratigra- undergraduate classes in structural from all qualified individuals, phy, (2) basin-scale modeling or solid geology or geomechanics, teach grad- including minorities, females, indi- The Roy M. Huffington Department earth geophysics. A detailed advertise- uate courses in the area of his/her viduals with disabilities, and veter- of Earth Sciences at SMU announces a ment for both positions is located at expertise, and mentor graduate and ans. For additional information search to fill a named tenure-track or www.ksu.edu/geology. Screening of undergraduate students. Candidates about the department visit www.geo. tenured professorship (the rank is applications begins December 21, 2015 should demonstrate potential to wvu.edu. open) honoring WB Hamilton. and continues until the position is establish a strong externally-funded We solicit nominations and applica- filled. Full consideration will be given research program, publish in Student Opportunities tions from earth scientists who main- to applications received by December 1, peer-reviewed journals, and excel in tain vigorous and sustainable research 2015. Kansas State University is an EOE teaching at the undergraduate and EarthCube’s Visiting Scientist Pro- programs and who have a commitment of individuals with disabilities and pro- graduate levels. To apply, please visit gram offers up to $2000 each to to full participation in the educational tected veterans. Kansas State Univer- jobs.wvu.edu and navigate to the support five graduate students and mission of the department to provide sity actively seeks diversity among its position title listed above. Upload (1) early career scientists for travel and professional training in a liberal arts employees. Background check a single PDF file containing a curricu- related expenses incurred while environment. As the fourth holder of required. lum vitae, statement of research incorporating EarthCube technolo- the chair established in 1921, the suc- interests, statement of teaching phi- gies and capabilities in their own cessful candidate will extend existing West Virginia University, Depart- losophy, and names, titles, and full research agendas. departmental strengths in earth sci- ment of Geology & Geography: Three contact information for 3 references; For more information or to apply ence. The department’s focus is on Assistant Professor Positions and (2) PDF files of up to 3 publica- for funding, please go to: pure research to understand Earth his- The Department of Geology and tions. In addition, arrange for 3 let- http://earthcube.org/info/ tory and geologic processes with Geography at West Virginia Univer- ters of reference to be sent to visiting-scholar-program applied research on problems in the sity seeks to fill three geology faculty [email protected]. For national interest such as climate and positions. Applicants should have a additional information, please see Lindahl Ph.D. Scholarships: The environmental change, earthquake PhD or equivalent degree in geology, pages.geo.wvu.edu/Geomechanics or University of Alabama, Department seismology including induced seismic- earth science or related field by the contact the search chair, Dengliang of Geological Sciences seeks highly ity, natural hazards, nuclear test ban start date. Review of applications for Gao, at [email protected] qualified Ph.D. students with spe- monitoring and resources including all positions will begin January 15, or (304) 293-3310. cializations in topics that comple- geothermal energy. The expected start 2016 and continue until each position Teaching Assistant Professor of ment faculty research interests. date is August 1, 2016. is filled; start date for all positions is Geology: We seek to hire a full-time Exceptional students will receive Applications can be submitted elec- August 15, 2016. (9-month), non-tenure track Teach- Research or Teaching Assistantships tronically to [email protected] or in Paleobiology: We seek to hire a ing Assistant Professor. The success- and a Lindahl Scholarship totaling writing to: full-time (9-month), tenure-track ful candidate will teach a variety of $22,000 for a nine month appoint- Professor John Walther Assistant Professor specializing in undergraduate courses, including ment. The University of Alabama Search Committee Chair, Depart- Paleobiology, which could include both large introductory and smaller covers the cost of non-resident tui- ment of Earth Sciences, expertise in Invertebrate or Verte- upper-division classes, in the class- tion and fee waivers. Funding is Southern Methodist University, P.O. brate Paleontology, Micropaleontol- room and online, and the field com- renewable for at least 4 years if Box 0395 ogy, Paleoecology, Paleobotany/Paly- ponent of the B.S. capstone course, expectations are met. Other fellow- Dallas TX 75275 nology, Ichnology, or related fields. Geology Field Camp (the last with an ships are available from the Graduate Applicants should include curricu- The successful candidate will be additional summer stipend). Specialty School on a competitive basis. Fur- lum vitae, statements of research and expected to develop a vigorous exter- area is open. Teaching Assistant Pro- ther details are at http://www.geo. teaching interests, and contact infor- nally-funded research program, teach fessors at WVU are eligible for pro- ua.edu/. Applicants should contact mation for three references. To insure core undergraduate classes in paleon- motion; however, promotion to Dr. Delores Robinson ([email protected]) full consideration applications must tology, graduate courses in the area of senior ranks is not a requirement for to express interest. Review of appli- be received by December 5, 2015, but his/her expertise, and mentor gradu- institutional commitment and career cations for Fall 2016 admission will the committee will continue to accept ate and undergraduate students. Can- stability. This position is a nine- begin January 15, 2016. applications until the position is filled. didates should demonstrate potential month renewable appointment (no The committee will notify applicants to establish a strong external- maximum number of terms) and PhD Student Opportunity in of its employment decisions after the ly-funded research program, publish includes full benefits. The position Hydrology, Washington State Uni- position is filled. in peer-reviewed journals, and excel carries an 80% teaching (4 courses per versity Southern Methodist University will in teaching at the undergraduate and semester) and 20% service assign- Four year RA available for student to not discriminate in any program or graduate levels. To apply, please visit ment. The successful candidate will work with an interdisciplinary team to activity on the basis of race, color, jobs.wvu.edu and navigate to the join a faculty that takes great pride in understand the interactions between religion, national origin, sex, age, dis- position title listed above. Upload (1) having members recognized at the drought, forest management, and ability, genetic information, veteran a single PDF file containing a curricu- university, state, and national levels wildfire on forest ecosystem resilience. status, sexual orientation, or gender lum vitae, statement of research for excellence in teaching. The Students experienced with Linux/ identity and expression. The Executive interests, statement of teaching phi- Department occupies the recently programming and/or ecohydrology Director for Access and Equity/Title IX losophy, and names, titles, and full renovated Brooks Hall with state-of- will be competitive. The student will Coordinator is designated to handle contact information for 3 references; the-art teaching technologies and be co-advised by Jennifer Adam inquiries regarding nondiscrimination and (2) PDF files of up to 3 publica- facilities. To apply for this position, (WSU} and Christina Tague {UCSB}. policies and may be reached at the tions. In addition, arrange for 3 let- interested candidates should visit Interested students should contact Perkins Administration Building, ters of reference to be sent to jobs.wvu.edu and navigate to the [email protected] for more informa- Room 204, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, TX [email protected]. For position title listed above. Upload a tion. Fall semester applications to 75205, 214-768-3601, accessequity@ additional information, please see single PDF file containing a curricu- WSU are due on 10 January for priority smu.edu. pages.geo.wvu.edu/Paleobiology or lum vitae, statement of teaching consideration.

36 // Eos 15 November 2015 Postcards from the Field

Crumpled Time

These folded sheets of lava, resulting from very recent eruptions (2000-15000 years ago), are from Cra- ters of the Moon (COTM) National Monument and Preserve in Idaho. The fascinating lava landscape with diverse composition and morphological structure, is a useful planetary analogue for undertaking field investigations as one would like to carry out on Moon, Mars, and beyond. An enthusiastic group of 35 participants from all over the country and abroad converged at COTM in early August this year for a planetary analogue field trip. A rich suite of scientific investigations were carried, out including in-situ chemistry, mineralogy, aerial imaging, hyperspectral scanning, and high resolution topographic survey. This field trip was part of two NASA supported projects: Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Exploration (FINESSE) and Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains (BASALT).

—Deepak Dhingra University of Idaho (on behalf of the FINESSE & BASALT Teams) View more postcards at http://americangeophysicalunion.tumblr .com/tagged/postcards- from- the-ﬁ eld. Housing and Registration Now Open

Call for Abstracts

It’s time to register and reserve your hotel in New Orleans for the 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, 21-26 February.

Early Registration Deadline: 31 December 2015 Housing Deadline: 28 January 2016

osm.agu.org/2016/