DOCSLIB.ORG

Primary Results of Sprouting Efficiency of Lebanon Oak (Quercus Libani Oliv.) Trees in Different Geographical Aspects on Stump in Northern Zagros Forests

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Primary Results of Sprouting Efficiency of Lebanon Oak (Quercus Libani Oliv.) Trees in Different Geographical Aspects on Stump in Northern Zagros Forests Quercus libani ) !"#$ (Oliv. ' %& * !" !#$ !" !#$ %!& !" !#$ %!& " !" ! %!& " (.4/4/3, :1"2$ *"$ .0/-+/+, :'(" *"$) ( # " $ %%# &'$ " ! "# $ .# - $ "' # "# +$ ! ," .! #)* " .-% ( #- #$ " # # * )# $ - "' " .* % " # * &+ # * #$ $% -# # " ' ## "' +$ .* "$# # ,) $ " # "# ! .# * "' .# * # "' * "$# # * "' "$# # .# * ' ' + # .$ ' "# + Archive of SID .#% $ $# "# #)* * % - ' : E-mail: [email protected] : : : * .12+ 3+(452+ 6+(7 8"+9 !;<=) >? @"+9 !"#$%& 1$; AB 0// !"#$%& '() *+ ,-. + www.SID.ir ... McLaren & McDonald, 2003 Peng, 2002 Ward & Brose, Gracia & Retana, 2004 Y !/1 "@' * .( 2004 Q. ) (Quercus brantii Jaub. & Spach.) 3 %[$2 Y (;Z+1) /3# S (Q. libani Oliv.) ! (infectoria Oliv. \ .(Rozas, 2003) +/5 ) * +# ,- ." # $%&' B /2 1 1 "0 & "$8$1 " ! & */0 (+# ) 1 ]-& "7 Ducrey Cochet, 1992 .(Jazirei & Ebrahimi Rostaghi, 2003) Oliver & ,Johnson, 1992 ,& Turrel, 1992 .# "2 ! ,- * 0' 1 Larsen & ,Smith, 1987 ,Larson, 1996 (!0 $+') 1 3 4$5 6' , , Weigel Johnson et al, 2001 Johnson, 1998 Smith, ) 1 8/ ("7 $+') 3# , , McLaren & Li & Ma, 2003 & Peng, 2002 ' 9 .(Johnson et al, 2001 1987 Gracia & Retana, 2004 McDonald, 2003 ;&3 < /7 : "7 "7 # .( Luoga et al, 2004 Larsen ) " "7 4= /&$ 4$5 6' > 1 % *$$G' V0 ]3# ; E (Johnson et al, 2001 & Johnson, 1998 * "$ @+ . % EW "7 E' <2 4$5 6' 1 ># ;&3 ?$@ E EW "7 $+' "3 E' /&$ ( 4$5 6' 6B) 1 *$A' Luoga et al, ) # "7 1 ]3# *$0 .1 CD EC$F "$GF * ' 0W /F E' # /&$ "7 # 9 .(2004 : "7 # H " ' $+ % ' (Zaczek, 2002) H /3 IJ= $ 3# *$ U/- H "7 # E "#L 7 4$5 6' # # E /&$ "7 # "$ .(Johnson et al, 2001) 9 J .(McLaren & McDonald, 2003) %# 3# 3# %# 3 /&$ [$ 8' # # /&$ "7 # H "7 E' ./7 #B K+D # * .(Espelta et al, 2003) *'= 7 # LM & E/3 "7 "$F $ 0' "7 /1 0' % ' ." * N 1 "7 % ' 9 % Jazirei & ) " %OP "7 "3% ,1B 9 . "$ [$ Archive of: " SIDR (Ebrahimi Rostaghi, 2003 $ ,1 # ,[2 1 F #B K+D %# E 3# .( ) 3 Johnson et al, 2001 " SH T * .(Valipour, 2007) $ 1 1*$$G' ' B * # "7 # U/- C U/- "0 "7 ,1B "7 1*$$G' *' V0 . "0 ." R 1 E$B $2 EW % ,1B X8' "7 # "7 B /3#S E[$ 48' $+ $2 Weigel & Johnson, 1992) # 1 + ' $ # $ F $M' "@' 1 E$B A2 "7 Regeneration window www.SID.ir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alipour, 2007 B N> V$F ." N> * Y 1 "2 4= 0# "# 09 $ V$F ZCW NC :# 1 U/- "0 "7 # EW The center of research ) # ;&3 ! .# and development of northern zagros forests, !/B$ 4= N> S .(2005 *'V0 . # /7 Archive of[$ 9 SID 9 S 2 $+' 0 Ghazanfari et ) # W2 "# .(al, 2004 S1 ,[ N> (J) & O E/7 ! E/3 = & Agrosilvopastoral www.SID.ir ... (m) % NW NW W- SW NE NE Archive of SID % &'( #$ " ! , *+% ! /% 01 .(, *+%) 789 !35 6 3' 4 .2 % .% 02 : 35 ! 0! www.SID.ir % % % % ,- #+ )*+ %&'( !"# $ +3 ( E^2 .(7) ? 2 ! 5 5 Q 5 > 0_( !35 9 Q >?) Minitab 14 !:; <= ! ! !Q G3 6U( 01 .% *8=( 5 3:@( (! &2) Excel 5 (? Q !VB6 9 % \]8( B ! A2 C AB >? `1 5 !G1 5 5HS . !E35 0! : 8( >? 5 2 D `3 % 5 Q P 5 E35 3:@( > !F G AH9I GJ( . ! 03a O 0S !Q 3 WX !G 3' 5 0F( KH LM NO P+3 bc & 2) 9B: ! 2 ;>a 5 % 03R Q *S 02 G3 .% B Q 0( Valipour, ) % 02 0! 9 ( 01 TR( U S 5 ? 2 "f" d Q W 3 G3 .(2007 G3 .B O 02 5 .9! Q 5 !VB6 > 3? gO5 WX ! % Q !VB6 GJ( .B O 02 Q h 08 M @9 M ! (Z D5) % N( TY 5 \]8( > 08Y !Q >[? %0 3 D5 W S E N % !" #!$ SW SE NE NW % !" #!$ Archive of SID 03 i= > 03R !Q 3' 4 5 3:@( .B TY !? G 3' 0! i= > 789 !Q G AH9I 5 02 Q 6 5 5 ! 01 *8=( 3 Q ! % ! * % 3Q .% 02 B M 35 ! ? ) P+3 E35 3:@( j39 .% 3' !Q .? 2 !35 \]8( 0! 08 % G 0J AH9I !0 (%X kP2 .( D5) 5 789 !Q www.SID.ir ... P $& ' !" # / )/ * &'( /% *+ % ," /% R2 / * !Q 5 G39 0 !Q 08 M AH9I 03!Q .(W D5) ( % G39 0% ! % !G 3' 9! 0J 3 3' G3 .% ;@ 0( >? Q N E S W NW NE SE SW & %% ) N ns * ns ns ns * * E ns ns ns ns ns ns S * * * ns ns W ns ns ns ns NW ns * * NE ns ns SE ns / ns * : 2 0J % i= > 03R !Q .( *+%) Archive ofJ5 % SID ;@ 35 X 02 +3 ( B M !? > ; ! ! !Q % 3' G3 .% GJ( !35 0! 08 .B ;@ 35 ! 03R 789 (X 5 W Z ) Q i= > ! <3% ! !G 3' 5 P+3 E35 3:@( j39 2 gO5 0[ f 5 f[ 35 % G 0J AH9I 35 d 5 G3 G 0J AH9I j39 .% 3' Z !35 5 03R !Q -? 0! M (X D5) G AH9I W 35 0 . 5 X 5 35 .0 5 T5]9 5 > ! www.SID.ir % % % % ,- #+ )*+ %&'( !"# $ .(W *+%) 2 G39 !Q G3 0% Q % 2 0 ! AJ % !35 3 0 2 G39 روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 1 روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 2 20 40 a a a a 15 30 a a a a 10 20 a a a ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ a a a 10 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ a 5 a 0 0 NNEESESSWWNW NNEESESSWWNW ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 3 روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 4 20 b 30 b a a 15 ﺗ a a 20 ﺗ ab aba a 10 ab aba 10 a a a ﻌﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ ﻌﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ a 5 a 0 0 NNEESESSWWNW NNEESESSWWNW ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 5 30 25 a a a 20 ﺗﻌ 15 a a 10 a a a ﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ 5 0 NNEESESSWWNW ﺟﻬﺖ Archive P $& ' of !" # SID / /)* &'( / *+ ," %%/ R2 / * www.SID.ir ... ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ روﻳﺸﮕﺎه 3 30 25 20 15 10 ﺟﺴﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﺴﺖ 5 0 NNEESESSWWNW ﺟﻬﺖ -% -* !' . - / $, .(Barnez et al, 1997) !' $ !"# $% &' ( )**( ! # -- *.! - ) Johnson, ) ! +*(, -./ 0% % / "-% ) )% ! . McLaren & ,Weigel & Peng, 2002 1992 . !' - % Sabeti Gracia & Retana, 2004 ,McDonald, 2003 Barnez et al (1997) Cochet (1992) (1962) .(Valipour et al, 2008 Ward & Brose, 2004 $ - % Johnson et al (2001) ) )*( ! ( - ) +), - 0-- $ - ) .)* &' !' McLaren & Zaczek, 2002) " ) !. )% / ( # Espelta et al, ) % ) (McDonald, 2003 ! +*(, - . ( , ) ) . (2003 . ! " ! -./ ) % " +* "-% .* / !. $ !% )*!" .) $ .(Logli & Joffre, 2001) ! . !% $ . ! -./ )*( "# +*(, -./ &( -./ !"# ! - )*( "-, ! -% .-. .) % . .)*( , )*! + )! % % "# ) / !' ( -Archive . " - of SID )# ) , .(Johnson et al, 2001) . !. $ . -* !' )*( !' -./ . -* !' $. ) ) - $ )*! !. % ! ( ! ( - $ .( ! -./ " * ' / * -% ) - . !* ( !. ) / !* / $*! ) / * !. ( .) -* $ -* !' !$, - . * !"# !' ! ) * !' !"# ) -% .-. ( * . $ www.SID.ir % % % % ,- #+ )*+ %&'( !"# $ / !' - $ -* !* - ' % . ! )*( " !* .) ' )*( ' ( - . * ' / $' .( % ! - - ' "# $( ) * ' / !* . $ * ' / ' . $ -* , $ .(Valipour, 2007) )! - !' -* * -* "# - ' ( . ! .)*! . ( -* ' -./ " ! -% .-. ( ' ( / $ -* . ! $ )* * / ' - ! ( $. .!. $ !. - .)*! ' !' ) )/-% / . )*! . + &( $ ( $ ( - -* ( -./ () * ' * "# ( !. / Cochet (1992) Sabeti (1962) . ) Johnson et al (2001) Barnez et al (1997) - ' )*! - Li & Ma (2003) - &*% - $%&' ( * " ! " * -% .)( $%&' - " -% ) ! $' - .) * $ ( (Barnez et al, 1997) * - % % "! - ) ! - .(Li & Ma, 2003 Sabeti, 1962) )! Cochet, ) / ! +), " % / !' .(1992 - - *- ! )*( "-, +*(, -./ )*-% - -* !* .)*! % % Archive of / SID !* .(Barnez et al, 1997 Sabeti, 1962) )**( !$, - * ' $ ( !$, - / .- - &*% - - )*( !"# 0% $( / ! * )- +% ! / ' ) -* ' * )*( .( - ( " )*( $, www.SID.ir ... ! 2 / &! 324 0 . '! (!) & *+, -! "#$ %& / 0 1 2 / 324 4 &1! ) , &2 5 67/! 8& 96:! ;! . (Johnson et al, ،Cochet, 1992 ،Sabeti, 1962 & !; 1 & - , , . () $! &1! - & ! Oliver & Larson, Li & Ma,.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crown Biomass Relationships of Lebanon Oak in Northern Zagros Forests of Iran
    Original scietific paper – Izvorni znanstveni rad Crown Biomass Relationships of Lebanon Oak in Northern Zagros Forests of Iran Sheyda Khosravi, Manouchehr Namiranian, Hedayat Ghazanfari, Anoushirvan Shirvani Abstract – Nacrtak Allometric relationships for estimating the biomass of the crown of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) have been developed through using biometric parameters such as the diameter at breast height, tree height, crown length, and crown width. The study was conducted in Ar­ mardeh forests in Iran’s northern Zagros mountains; for a long time the local people have been pollarding the crown of oak trees in these forests for their traditional uses. After the local people entirely cut the crowns of 48 sample trees, the weight of the crowns and their constitut­ ing components (leaves and branches) were measured. The results showed that the amount of the crown biomass of Lebanon oak at the stand level is about 4.98±0.81 tons ha–1 (95% confi- dence interval), 79% of which are branches and the rest are leaves. All the equations, represent­ ing the relationships between biometric parameters and the biomass of the crown or its com­ 2 ponents, were highly significant p( <0.001), and the adjusted coefficient of determinationR ( adj) was in the range of 0.51–0.65. The most suitable relationship was a multiple regression between the crown width and the tree height, as independent variables, with the crown biomass, as the 2 dependent variable (Radj = 0.65). These relationships can be helpful for evaluating the crown biomass production of Lebanon oak, and can be useful for planning a sustainable forest man­ agement.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating and Assessing Sustainability of Border Cities (Case Study: Border City: Baneh)
    Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND January 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Evaluating and Assessing Sustainability of Border Cities (Case study: border city: Baneh) Reza Mokhtari Malek-Abadi Assistant professor the Geography and Urban planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Esmaeel Aliakbari Associate professor the Geography and Urban planning,Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Bakhtiar Khosravi* *. PhD student the Geography and Urban planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran ([email protected]) Abstract Every city, according to its effectiveness of local and global forces, needs to develop local strategies for sustainable urban development to meet its environmental conditions and its economic and social organization. In the meantime, border cities based on its specific position and function is kind of cities that both groups of local and global forces have effects on its sustainability, because on the one hand these cities like other cities affected by natural conditions, social relationships between citizenships, relationships with their surrounding settlements and it also has a function and a role in own international economic and political system, and on the other hand due to its border position, is influenced by international and even economic, political, social, and environmental development and process. Therefore, the issue of sustainability in these cities is much more important and more challenging than many other cities. Accordingly, the main issue of this research is based on sustainability of border cities and it also suggested required strategies to achieve sustainability in these cities. To address this problem, in this paper using descriptive-analytical method and using some methods as model of Prescott Allen’s sustainability barometer in assessing sustainability of border cities, numerical taxonomy method, method of strategic planning and statistical tests based on SPSS software to evaluate sustainability in border cities was dealt.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran October 2005
    OCTOBER 2005 IRAN Home Office Science and Research Group COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE OCTOBER 2005 IRAN Country of Origin Information Reports (COI Reports) are produced by the Science & Research Group of the Home Office to provide caseworkers and others involved in processing asylum applications with accurate, balanced and up-to-date information about conditions in asylum seekers’ countries of origin. They contain general background information about the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the UK. The reports are compiled from material produced by a wide range of recognised external information sources. They are not intended to be a detailed or comprehensive survey, nor do they contain Home Office opinion or policy. ii Disclaimer: “This country of origin information report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 1 July 2005. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents.” OCTOBER 2005 IRAN Contents Paragraphs 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT ...................................................................... 1.01 Advisory Panel on Country Information.......................................... 1.11 2. GEOGRAPHY.................................................................................... 2.01 3. ECONOMY........................................................................................ 3.01 Sanctions........................................................................................ 3.11 4. HISTORY.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Leaf Area Index and Assessment of Its Allometric Equations in Oak Forests: Northern Zagros, Iran
    JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 58, 2012 (3): 116–122 Estimation of leaf area index and assessment of its allometric equations in oak forests: Northern Zagros, Iran S. Khosravi1, M. Namiranian1, H. Ghazanfari2, A. Shirvani1 1Forestry and Forest Economics Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 2Forestry Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran ABSTRACT: The focus of the present study is the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and the assessment of allometric equations for predicting the leaf area of Lebanon oaks (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Iran’s Northern Zagros forests. To that end, 50 oak trees were randomly selected and their biophysical parameters were measured. Then, on the basis of destructive sampling of the oak trees, their specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area were measured. The results showed that SLA and LAI of the Lebanon oaks were 136.9 cm·g–1 and 1.99, respectively. Among all the parameters we meas- ured, the crown volume exhibited the highest correlation with LAI (r2 = 0.65). The easily measured tree parameters such as diameter at breast height did not show a high correlation with leaf area (r2 = 0.36). Our obtained moderate correlations in the allometric equations could be due to the fact that branches of these trees had been pollarded by the local people when the branches were only 3 or 4 years old; therefore, the natural structure of the crowns in these trees might have been damaged. Keywords: allometric relationships; destructive sampling; leaf area index; Quercus libani Oliv.; specific leaf area One of the most commonly used parameters for are generally faster and amendable to automation, the analysis of canopy structures is leaf area index and thereby allow for a larger spatial sample to be (LAI) (Beadle 1997; López-Serrano et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Genetic polymorphisms in selected populations in south west and south Asia Sawhney, Kanwarjit How to cite: Sawhney, Kanwarjit (1975) Genetic polymorphisms in selected populations in south west and south Asia, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8228/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN SELECTED POPULATIONS IN SOUTH WEST AND SOUTH ASIA By KANWARJIT SINGH SAWHNEY A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The copyright of this thesis rests with the author No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged DEPARTMEN1 OF ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM 1975 1 2 & ABSTRACT This thesis describes the genetic polymorphisms in selected populations m South West and South Asia. Samples from Kuwait and Iran represented the Middle East, while the Panjabis of northern India and the Nepalese illustrated the South of Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Osmotic Drought Stress Influence on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Pistachio (Pistacia
    Osmotic drought stress influence on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia spp.) seedlings Ali Esmaeilpour . In The Name Of Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful Promotors: Prof. dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme, Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Roeland Samson, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Science, Antwerp University, Belgium Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Dean: Prof. dr. ir. Marc Van Meirvenne Rector: Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Ali Esmaeilpour Osmotic drought stress influence on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia spp.) seedlings Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences This work should be cited as: Esmaeilpour, A. 2017. Osmotic drought stress influence on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pistachio (Pistacia spp.) seedlings. PhD thesis, 181 pp, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Copyright: The author and the promoters give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. ISBN- number: 9789463570442 Cover illustration: Front page: Adult pistachio tree Back page: Top left: male flowers Middle left: female flowers Top right: ripen fruits Bottom left: fruits in shell Bottom right: pistachio kernels Members of the jury Prof. Jo Dewulf (Chairman) Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Prof. Kathy Steppe (Secretary) Department of Applied Ecology & Environmental Biology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Displaced Persons in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi Refugees in Iran
    International Federation for Human Rights Report Iraq: continuous and silent ethnic cleansing Displaced persons in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi refugees in Iran Introduction. 4 I. The people of Iraq: a history of exiles . 6 II. Forced internal displacements: the ethnic cleansing of Kurdish regions continues. 9 III. Displaced persons in autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan . 12 IV. The situation in autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan . 21 V. Iraqi refugees in Iran . 24 VI. Conclusions . 31 VII.Recommendations. 32 VIII.Appendix . 40 January 2003 “Iraq: continuous and silent ethnic cleansing” CONTENTS Introduction. 4 A. Mandate and objectives of the investigation commission B. Witness interviews C. General background D. Investigation conditions of the mission in autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan E. Investigation conditions of the mission in Iran I. The people of Iraq: a history of exiles . 6 1.1 A mosaic of people 1.2 Forced displacements, deportations and migratory waves II. Forced internal displacements: the ethnic cleansing of Kurdish regions continues. 9 2.1 Iraq among the countries with the highest number of displaced persons 2.2 Forced displacements and demographic changes within Iraq 2.3 Control of oil resources and borders 2.4 Endless displacements 2.5 Harassment of the Kurdish autonomous region 2.6 Organisation of ethnic cleansing and deportations III. Displaced persons in autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan . 12 3.1 The Anfalis: separation of families and extermination 3.2 Ethnic cleansing in the Kirkuk region: over 30 years of forced displacements and Arabisation policy 3.3 Forced enrolment 3.4 Forced displacements as means of repression on the families of political opponents 3.5 Forced displacement of minorities: Assyro-Chaldeans and Turkomans 3.6 Exodus and the impossible return 3.7 Displacement of Arab families to Kurdistan 3.8 Persons displaced as a result of the inter-Kurdish conflict IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Paper
    International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion (IJFSE) Vol. 5 No.1 February 2015 Int. J. Forest, Soil and Erosion, 2015 5 (1): 17-22 ISSN 2251-6387 © November 2015, GHB's Journals, IJFSE, Iran Research Paper Evaluating the Degree of Development of forest-covered villages of Armardeh Region, Baneh, Employing Morris Model Asaad Mahdavi, Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini, Mohammad reza Pourmajidian, Farzad Eskandari (Iran) *Asaad Mahdavi 1, Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini 2, Mohammad reza Pourmajidian 3, Farzad Eskandari 4 1.Corresponding author: PhD Student of Forestry, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,Iran. Email: [email protected] 2.Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry, University of Tehran, Iran. 3.Associate Prof., Dept. of Forestry, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Iran. 4.Assistant Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Kurdistan, Iran. Abstract: One of the most important challenges that today’s world is facing is absence of development in impoverished (Undeveloped) rural areas which have the most part in the protection of natural resources as well as the environment. On the other hand, natural resources, and at the top of them, forests, have always been stressed as a ground for sustainable development. In the present study, the degree of development of sixteen forest-covered villages of Armardeh Region, Baneh, was investigated employing Morris Model. The findings of the study indicated that, after Armardeh , recently promoted to a city, and thus, the existence of the requirements for development is quite natural, the villages of Belakeh , kochar are labeled “semi-developed”, and other villages under study are labeled “undeveloped (impoverished)” in terms of enjoying the facilities and infrastructures of rural development studied in thirteen levels of indexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran: COI Compilation July 2018
    BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Iran: COI Compilation July 2018 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Map of Iran ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Informal Economy and Urban Spatial Changes in the Border Town Baneh
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences Kheyroddin & Razpour / Informal economy and urban spatial changes in the border town Baneh. A case study from the Iranian - Iraqi border. www.ijceas.com INFORMAL ECONOMY AND URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES IN THE BORDER TOWN BANEH. A CASE STUDY FROM THE IRANIAN-IRAQI BORDER Reza Kheyroddin1 Mehdi Razpour2 Abstract Considering the various economic and political contexts in different parts of the world, economic relations and integration are performed with different intensity in regions such as the EU or the Middle East. One of the main reasons for the emerging of informal economy at the border regions in the Middle East is the strong barrier function of boundaries in Middle East countries. The Tourism consumption has extended recently in Baneh County, one of the western border regions of Iran neighboring with Iraq. The specific situation of informal economy, low price of smuggled goods, commercial tourism and massive flows of financial capital, all together have caused unpredictable changes in micro and macro levels of the Iran & Iraq border region and specially in Baneh County. The future growth of Baneh County is despite emerging positive spatial changes in Baneh city, doubtful. Unclear policies of local and national government regarding decision making, unclear management of the informal economy and currency instability create an uncertain future. Conventional methods of planning will not have necessary enough impact and effects in order to influence those issues in border regions. The paper is based on the examination of recent spatial changes and economic trends, which were done by descriptive and analytical methods in Baneh city.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Locality of the Kurdistan Newt, Neurergus Derjugini Derjugini (Nesterov, 1916) (Urodela: Salamandridae) Represents a Large
    Herpetology Notes, volume 10: 611-614 (2017) (published online on 26 October 2017) A new locality of the Kurdistan newt, Neurergus derjugini derjugini (Nesterov, 1916) (Urodela: Salamandridae) represents a large population in Iran: Implication for conservation Fatah Zarei1,2,*, Seyed Naseh Hosseini2, Seyed Seywan Amini2, Jalal Pezeshk2, Mahmood Soofi3 and Hamid Reza Esmaeili1,4 Cope (1862) described the genus Neurergus with the as synonyms. Accordingly, these authors proposed N. type species N. crocatus. In 1916, Nesterov described derjugini derjugini (Nesterov, 1916) and N. derjugini a new species derjugini (in the genus Rhithrotriton microspilotus (Nesterov, 1916) as valid taxonomic at that time) from the Surkev Mountains (Kurdistan, names. Hendrix et al. (2014) revealed weak genetic Iran). He also described Rhithrotriton derjugini var. differences between these taxa by mitochondrial DNA microspilotus, as a subspecies from the Avroman and clear differences by a nuclear marker, and stated region of Iran. Nesterov (1916) described differences that a separate species status for N. derjugini and N. between these two subspecies based on the shape and microspilotus seems currently not to be justified on the number of yellow spots. Rhithrotriton d. microspilotus existing databases. So, we follow the previous taxonomic has spherical-shaped spots while R. d. derjugini has decision as two distinct subspecies, N. d. derjugini and extended renal-shaped ones. After its type description, N. d. microspilotus before more detailed studies. no further specimens of R. derjugini could be found Here we present a new locality and apparently the and some researchers considered it as a synonym largest known population of N. d. derjugini from the of Neurergus crocatus (see Hendrix et al., 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Designing an Intersectional Interventions Model for Brucellosis Occurrence Reduction in North-West of Iran
    Original Article Designing an intersectional interventions model for brucellosis occurrence reduction in north-west of Iran Damari B, MD-PhD 1, Ahmadpour M, MSc 2, Hallajzadeh J, PhD 3, Hosseini SH, MSc 4, Safiri S, PhD5, Ghaderpoori M, MSc6, Hashemi V, MSc 7 1- Assistant Prof., National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2-Faculty Member, Dept. of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.3-Assistant Prof., Dept. of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.4-Faculty member, Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. 5-PhD in Epidemiology, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Dept. of Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 6- Student of PhD, Student Research Office, Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health ,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. PhD in Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 7- Faculty Member, Dept. of |Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Abstract Received: July 2015, Accepted: August 2015 Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial infection mostly transmitted by animals to humans; thus, consideration of sanitary instances is an important preventive method for this disease. Therefore, we designed a study in order to reduce the rate of brucellosis in Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: The sources of data were the medical documents of patients diagnosed in health centers and private laboratories during 2011–2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and chi-square and t-test )P > 0.05).
    [Show full text]