DOCSLIB.ORG

Semantic Web Services, Part 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Semantic Web Services, Part 2 www.computer.org/intelligent Semantic Web Services, Part 2 David Martin, John Domingue, Amit Sheth, Steve Battle, Katia Sycara, and Dieter Fensel Vol. 22, No. 6 November/December 2007 This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. © 2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. For more information, please see www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/documentation/copyright/polilink.html. Trends & Controversies Semantic Web Services, Part 2 David Martin, SRI International John Domingue, Knowledge Media Institute, Open University taken the first concrete steps toward building a SWS- n part 2 of this Trends & Controversies installment, we continue based solution: the W3C proposed recommendation exploring the state of the art, current practices, and future direc- SAWSDL (www.w3.org/2002/ws/sawsdl), its associated I tions for Semantic Web services. SWS aims to bring Semantic Web tools and use cases, and initial applications.1 Where do we technology—for representing, sharing, and reasoning about know- go from here? The researchers among us might be fully ledge—to bear in Web service contexts. The objective is to enable a convinced of the importance and benefit of adding seman- fuller, more flexible automation of service provision and use and the tics to Web services and impatient to see their research construction of more powerful tools and methodologies for working translated into technologies and adapted for real use. How- with services. For an overview of SWS, please see our introduction to ever, I believe we might need to do a lot more work before part 1 in the September/October 2007 issue. That introduction also we see substantial adoption of SWS technologies. includes references for major SWS initiatives, such as SAWSDL, OWL-S. First, we must be patient. Both Web services and the WSMO, SWSF, and the Internet Reasoning Service. Part 1 also includes Semantic Web are prerequisites for SWS, at least in the essays by Michael L. Brodie and Frank Leymann that discuss service tech- form in which SAWSDL or its extensions could evolve. Des- nology needs from a long-term industry perspective. In this issue, we pite a clear uptick in adoption of Web services by industry, conclude with four more essays. initial success stories, and early adoption of Semantic Web The first two essays are primarily concerned with nearer-term direc- technologies,2 broad acceptance and adoption could take tions—steps that will let us build out from the current state of the art another three years or so. For the Web services part, the rea- toward greater adoption and applicability of SWS approaches. Amit son is the complexity and confusion resulting from WS-* Sheth lays out a near-term roadmap of steps that will be essential for specifications, some of which (such as security and policy/ industry acceptance of SWS approaches, starting from SAWSDL and cur- agreement) are critical and either not yet mature or yet to be rent industry practice. (See the “Frequently Used Acronyms” sidebar for broadly adopted. For the Semantic Web, the challenges are explanations of SAWDSL and other terms.) Among other things, he coun- to convince practitioners sels that essential steps are required to make SWS approaches suffi- ciently accessible and economically attractive to industry. Steve Battle • that ontologies can be and have been built and are starts with an analysis of OWL-S’s strengths and limitations. He then manageable, discusses the necessary evolution of business ontologies for SWS. Along • that we can do much with limited semantics and with- with the evolution of business practices, this will allow for Web services out becoming experts in description logic, and SWS approaches to come together. • that we don’t need a single ontology for everything and The final two essays put forward longer-term agendas for the evolu- we know how to work reasonably well in a multi-ontology tion of SWS. Katia Sycara argues that SWS could benefit from decoup- environment, and ling itself from the basic stack of Web service standards rather than fol- • that technology is ready for building robust applications. lowing a more incremental trajectory tied to their evolution. She also identifies two important opportunities in which this strategy could pay We might also have to wait out the current Web 2.0 eu- off. Dieter Fensel takes a broad perspective, arguing that the character- phoria, bordering on infatuation. Clearly, Web 2.0 is se- istics of Internet-scale service usage, and problem solving in general, call ductive, easy to use and adopt, and highly valuable for for an entirely new conceptualization of some of the core challenges of some purposes, but it isn’t a solution to all problems and computer science for the 21st century. requirements. Technologies such as SWS won’t get at- —David Martin and John Domingue tention until there is a broader realization of what prob- lems Web 2.0 can’t solve and why Web 3.0 (the new code for Semantic Web technologies-enabled Web) is needed. Beyond SAWSDL: A Game Plan for Broader Second, we must do a better job of understanding, ex- Adoption of Semantic Web Services plaining, and managing the complexity of using SWS. Take, Amit Sheth, Kno.e.sis Center, Wright State University for example, the SWS Challenge (http://sws-challenge.org), in which six teams of researchers have implemented or tried After a flurry of research led by the OWL-S, WSMO, to implement a solution to a realistic but relatively simple SWSF, and WSDL-S groups, the SWS community has application using widely different approaches, formalisms, 8 1541-1672/07/$25.00 © 2007 IEEE IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS Published by the IEEE Computer Society techniques, and technologies. Only one team input of the subsequent used SAWSDL. In SAWSDL’s defense, this chal- task or tasks). Clearly Frequently Used Acronyms lenge started well before it became a pro- demonstrating how posed recommendation. But a WSDL-S sub- SWS can ease this or BPEL: Business Process Execution Language mission to W3C (see www.w3.org/Submission/ equally vexing problems DAML-S: DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services WSDL-S), which became the starting point that process developers OWL: Web Ontology Language OWL-S: Web Ontology Language for Services for W3C’s work toward SAWSDL, has contin- face will be important. ued at the same time. More important, the Today’s enterprise ser- RDF: Resource Description Framework exercise, which has already involved four vice bus, application RDFS: RDF Schema meetings and spanned well over a year, server, and service- SAWSDL: Semantic Annotations for WSDL shows how complex the challenges are, es- based middleware ven- SWSF: Semantic Web Services Framework pecially when the problem involves legacy dors claim to solve the SOA: Service-Oriented Architecture systems or interfaces for preexisting ser- data-mediation problem UDDI: Universal Description Discovery and Integration vices. Lessons from this exercise lead to using XSLT (Extensible WSDL: Web Services Description Language two observations related to technical issues Style Sheet Language WSMO: Web Services Modeling Ontology (tools and methodologies) and business Transformation)-based issues (ROI). transformation. Al- Before practitioners (developers and real- though this addresses numerous basic • Supporting precondition and effects in word users) will embrace SWS, they must problems, as my student Karthik Goma- SAWSDL. OWL-S and others have noted have robust tools as well as methodologies dam put it, “the idea of mediating at the this need for some time, and more re- to streamline all aspects of managing the level of instance or between two fixed cently clear use cases have emphasized SWS life cycle, including annotation, publi- schemas is hackneyed.” To accelerate this a need for such support. cation, discovery, data mediation, composi- technology’s adoption, we must focus on • Semantic annotation of policy descrip- tion or configuration, orchestration, and exe- issues such as data and process mediation tions. From a business perspective, this cution. In the context of SAWSDL, initial where using semantics will likely provide will be very important, especially to sup- versions of most of these have been devel- solid cases of ROI. Efforts that use semantic port nonfunctional or quality-of-service oped—some by the LSDIS (Large Scale and ontological approaches for interoperabil- requirements. Distributed Information Systems) lab (see ity and data mediation3 will need to be put www.iswc2006.semanticweb.org/projects/ side by side with current nonsemantic ap- In addition, we intend to collaborate meteor-s/SAWSDL), Kno.e.sis Center proaches to drive the point home. with others who are developing an on- (see http://knoesis.wright.edu/research/ Finally, although early examples of real- tology for SWS, which I believe will build webservices), IBM (see www.alphaworks. world SAWSDL-based services already exist on work being done in the WSMO and ibm.com/tech/wssem), and others. But these (for example, see http://glycomics.ccrc.uga. OWL-S groups. On a more strategic and tools must be robust and in a form that devel- edu/stargate/web_services.jsp), we will need longer-term path, we hope to continue to opers find attractive to learn and use.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Name Here
    SEMANTIC CONFLICT DETECTION IN META-DATA – A RULE BASED APPROACH by KARTHIKEYAN GIRILOGANATHAN (Under the Direction of I. Budak Arpinar) ABSTRACT The Web has become a source of reference for information on many subjects. Also the ability to extract semantic meta-data from Web resources has increased tremendously in recent years. Effective use of this meta-data by the users can be affected by conflicts among the meta-data. In this context, we propose a new semi-automatic process using rules to detect conflicts. This meta- data can be represented in either of RDF(S), DAML or OWL and the rules are represented in RuleML. Furthermore, our technique can identify conflicts among the data at different granularities using a Relationship Ontology to simplify complex meta-data. We also describe a prototype implementation and an evaluation of this approach on a real-world dataset extracted from various Web resources. INDEX WORDS: Semantic Web, Trust, Conflict, Rule, RuleML, RDF, RDFS, DAML, OWL, and Logic DETECTING CONFLICTS IN SEMANTIC META-DATA – A RULE BASED APPROACH by KARTHIKEYAN GIRILOGANATHAN B.E, Anna University, India, 2000 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2004 © 2004 Karthikeyan Giriloganathan All Rights Reserved SEMANTIC CONFLICT DETECTION IN META-DATA – A RULE BASED APPROACH by KARTHIKEYAN GIRILOGANATHAN Major Professor: I. Budak Arpinar Committee: Amit P. Sheth Khaled M. Rasheed Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2004 iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents and brother who sacrificed a lot to get me here.
    [Show full text]
  • Metadata Semantics: What Semantic Web Technologies Can Contribute to Scientific Data and Information Sharing and Discovery
    Metadata Semantics: What Semantic Web technologies can contribute to scientific data and information sharing and discovery Pascal Hitzler DaSe Lab for Data Semantics Wright State University http://www.pascal-hitzler.de March 2014 – Montana State University – Pascal Hitzler Distributing scientific information • Since the rise of the World Wide Web, the role of publishing houses and scientific libraries is changing. • Scientific publishing houses are redefining their roles and are investigating new revenue models. • What exactly is the role of libraries? • What will the role of libraries be in, say, 20 years? March 2014 – Montana State University – Pascal Hitzler 2 Library discovery issues • “I’m looking for an easy but introductory text on discrete mathematics suitable for computer scientists, with high quality in the mathematical formalization and notation, and including (besides the usual stuff) at least brief treatments of Russel’s paradox and of countable versus uncountable sets, e.g. uncountability of the real numbers.” • “I’m looking for a textbook for a second-year introductory class on logic for computer scientists. Formal treatment of mathematics, tableaux algorithms for propositional and predicate logic, and preferably some coverage of datalog.” March 2014 – Montana State University – Pascal Hitzler 3 Semantic Web journal • EiCs: Pascal Hitzler Krzysztof Janowicz • Established 2010. Going strong. • We very much welcome contributions at the “rim” of traditional Semantic Web research – e.g., work which is strongly inspired by a
    [Show full text]
  • Pace): Scalable Provenance Tracking for Scientific RDF Data
    Provenance Context Entity (PaCE): Scalable Provenance Tracking for Scientific RDF Data Satya S. Sahoo1, Olivier Bodenreider2, Pascal Hitzler1, Amit Sheth1, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan1, 1 Kno.e.sis Center, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2 Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine,NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA {sahoo.2, pascal.hitzler, t.k.prasad, amit.sheth}@wright.edu, [email protected] Abstract. The Semantic Web Resource Description Framework (RDF) format is being used by a large number of scientific applications to store and disseminate their datasets. The provenance information, describing the source or lineage of the datasets, is playing an increasingly significant role in ensuring data quality, computing trust value of the datasets, and ranking query results. Current Semantic Web provenance tracking approaches using the RDF reification vocabulary suffer from a number of known issues, including lack of formal semantics, use of blank nodes, and application-dependent interpretation of reified RDF triples that hinders data sharing. In this paper, we introduce a new approach called Provenance Context Entity (PaCE) that uses the notion of provenance context to create provenance-aware RDF triples without the use of RDF reification or blank nodes. We also define the formal semantics of PaCE through a simple extension of the existing RDF(S) semantics that ensures compatibility of PaCE with existing Semantic Web tools and implementations. We have implemented the PaCE approach in the Biomedical Knowledge Repository (BKR) project at the US National Library of Medicine to support provenance tracking on RDF data extracted from multiple sources, including biomedical literature and the UMLS Metathesaurus.
    [Show full text]
  • Alignment and Dataset Identification of Linked Data in Semantic Web
    Wright State University CORE Scholar The Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge- Kno.e.sis Publications Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis) 2014 Alignment and Dataset Identification of Linked Data in Semantic Web Kalpa Gunaratna Wright State University - Main Campus, [email protected] Sarasi Lalithsena Wright State University - Main Campus, [email protected] Amit P. Sheth Wright State University - Main Campus, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/knoesis Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Databases and Information Systems Commons, OS and Networks Commons, and the Science and Technology Studies Commons Repository Citation Gunaratna, K., Lalithsena, S., & Sheth, A. P. (2014). Alignment and Dataset Identification of Linked Data in Semantic Web. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 4 (2), 139-151. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/knoesis/578 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the The Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis) at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kno.e.sis Publications by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alignment and Dataset Identification of Linked Data in Semantic Web * Kalpa Gunaratna, Sarasi Lalithsena and Amit Sheth Kno.e.sis Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA {kalpa, sarasi, amit}@knoesis.org Abstract The Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud has gained significant attention in the Semantic Web community over the past few years. With rapid expansion in size and diversity, it consists of over 800 interlinked datasets with over 60 billion triples.
    [Show full text]
  • Amit Sheth: Vita
    Professor Amit P. Sheth Amit Sheth is an Educator, Researcher and Entrepreneur. He is the LexisNexis Ohio Eminent Scholar, an IEEE Fellow, and the director of Kno.e.sis- The Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled Computing. Kno.e.sis currently has one of the largest academic research groups in the area of Semantic Web among USA. It also has very high publication impact in World Wide Web in recent years (http://j.mp/www-Mar13). Sheth is working towards a vision of Computing for Human Experience incorporating semantics-empowered Physical- Cyber-Social computing. His is recent work has focused on semantics empowered Web 3.0 involving enterprise, social, sensor/IoT data and applications, as well as services and cloud interoperability. In the past he extensively work on federated databases, semantic interoperability and workflow management. He has had extensive collaborations with clinicians as well as biomedical researchers, leading to research and commercial tools, systems and applications (http://knoesis.org/amit/hcls). Sheth’s most prized achievement is the exceptional success of his past advisees. Earlier, Dr. Sheth was a professor at the University of Georgia, where he started the LSDIS lab in 1994, and he served in R&D groups at Bellcore, Unisys, and Honeywell. His h-index of 80 and the 25,000+ citations to his publications places him among the top 100 in Computer Science, top few in WWW (based on 5, 10 or all-years) and top 20 in databases (all years) [based on h- index data from Microsoft Academic Search: http://j.mp/MAS-a].
    [Show full text]
  • Under the Direction of AMIT SHETH)
    QUALITY OF SERVICE AND SEMANTIC COMPOSITION OF WORKFLOWS by ANTONIO JORGE SILVA CARDOSO (Under the Direction of AMIT SHETH) ABSTRACT Workflow management systems (WfMSs) have been used to support a variety of business processes. As organizations adopt new working models, such as e-commerce, new challenges arise for workflow systems. These challenges include support for the adequate management of quality of service (QoS) and the development of new solutions to facilitate the composition of workflow applications involving Web services. The good management of QoS directly impacts the success of organizations participating in e- commerce activities by better fulfilling customer expectations and achieving customer satisfaction. To enable adequate QoS management, research is required to develop mechanisms that specify, compute, monitor, and control the QoS of the products or services to be delivered. The composition of workflows to model e-service applications differs from the design of traditional workflows due to the number of Web services available during the composition process and to their heterogeneity. Two main problems need to be solved: how to efficiently discover Web services and how to facilitate their interoperability. To enhance WfMSs with QoS management, we have developed a QoS model that allows for the description of nonfunctional aspects of workflow components, from a quality of service perspective. To automatically compute the overall QoS of a workflow, we have developed a mathematical model and implemented an algorithm (SWR algorithm). Our QoS model and mathematical model have been validated with the deployment and execution of a set of production workflows in the area of genetics. The analysis of the collected data proves that our models provide a suitable framework for estimating, predicting, and analyzing the QoS of production workflows.
    [Show full text]
  • D3.4.2 WSMO-Lite: Lightweight Semantic Descriptions for Services on the Web
    Project Number: 215219 Project Acronym: SOA4All Project Title: Service Oriented Architectures for All Instrument: Integrated Project Thematic Information and Communication Priority: Technologies D3.4.2 WSMO-Lite: Lightweight Semantic Descriptions for Services on the Web Activity: Activity 2 — Core R&D Activities Work Package: WP3 — Service Annotation and Reasoning Due Date: M12 Submission Date: 10/3/2009 Start Date of Project: 01/03/2008 Duration of Project: 36 Months Organisation Responsible for Deliverable: UIBK Revision: Jacek Kopecky´ UIBK Author(s): Tomas Vitvar UIBK Dieter Fensel UIBK Carlos Pedrinaci OU Reviewer(s): Rafa Cabero ATOS Jean-Pierre Lorre EBM Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013) Dissemination Level PU Public SOA4All – FP7–215219 – D3.4.2 WSMO-Lite Version History Version Date Comments, Changes, Status Authors, Contributors, Reviewers 0.9 3/2/2009 CMS WG draft All authors 1.0 8/3/2009 Final version after internal reviews Jacek Kopecky (UIBK), Carlos Pedrinaci (OU), Rafa Cabero (ATOS), Jean-Pierre Lorre (EBM) c SOA4All consortium Page 2 of 27 SOA4All – FP7–215219 – D3.4.2 WSMO-Lite TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2 INTRODUCTION 8 2.1 Alignment with SOA4All Architecture and Use Cases . .8 2.2 Structure of the deliverable . .9 3 SEMANTIC SERVICE STACK 10 3.1 Non-Semantic Level . 10 3.2 Semantic Level . 11 4 WSMO-LITE SERVICE ONTOLOGY 13 5 WSMO-LITE ANNOTATIONS FOR WSDL 15 6 MINIMAL RDF REPRESENTATION OF WSMO-LITE SERVICE DESCRIPTIONS 19 7 VIEWING WSMO-LITE AS WSML 22 8 RELATED WORK 23 9 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 24 c SOA4All consortium Page 3 of 27 SOA4All – FP7–215219 – D3.4.2 WSMO-Lite LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Semantic Service Stack .
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications Semantic Web
    [www.reciis.cict.fiocruz.br] ISSN 1981-6286 Book Reviews Semantic Web services, processes and applications Jorge Cardoso and Amit P. Sheth (Eds.) Semantic Web and semantic Web services Liyang Yu DOI: 10.3395/reciis.v3i1.246en Laura Cristina Simões Viana Coordination of Human Resources in the Research Field of the Vice-Presidency for Technological Research and Development, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [email protected] Tim Berners-Lee developed, in 1989, the basic tools required by the Web as we currently know it: the Hyper- text Markup Language – HTML; the Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP; and a system for locating objects on the Web, the Universal Resource Locator – URL. Twelve years later1, with a fully functional Web, Berners-Lee published an original article, with the challenging pro- posal of a “Semantic Web” (Berners-Lee 2001). According to his proposal, the Semantic Web would be an extension of the current one, in which information would be given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in coop- eration. Thus the current Web, basically comprised of documents presented by computers and read by man, would also include data and information that would automatically be handled by agents and utilities. Back then, Berners-Lee (2001) argued that advancements New York, in the Semantic Web would require the development of a language able to express data and data reasoning Springer, 2006 rules, in addition to enabling the any knowledge rep- ISBN resentation system to be exported to the Web. Up to 978-0387302393 that time, two key technologies for the achievement of the Semantic Web had been developed: the eXtensible USA, Chapman & Hall/ Markup Language – XML, and the specifications fam- CRC, 2007 ily Resource Description Framework – RDF, the latter intended for the description or modeling of information ISBN implemented in Web resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World
    Wright State University CORE Scholar The Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge- Kno.e.sis Publications Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis) 5-2007 Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World Amit P. Sheth Wright State University - Main Campus, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/knoesis Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Databases and Information Systems Commons, OS and Networks Commons, and the Science and Technology Studies Commons Repository Citation Sheth, A. P. (2007). Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/knoesis/640 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the The Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge- Enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis) at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kno.e.sis Publications by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tutorial at WWW2007 by Amit Sheth and Susie Stephens, Banff, Alberta, Canada. May 2007 Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World Amit Sheth LexisNexis Ohio Eminent Scholar Kno.e.sis Center Wright State University http://knoesis.wright.edu Tutorial at WWW2007 by Amit Sheth and Susie Stephens, Banff, Alberta, Canada. May 2007 Semantic Web: Technologies and Applications for the Real-World Susie Stephens Principal Research Scientist Tutorial Outline Introduction to the Semantic Web 1.30-2.00pm
    [Show full text]