Index

Africa, 33–47 All God’s Chilun Got Wings A “African,” as a term, 16 (play), 339 Aaron, Hank, 455 “African American,” as a term, 16 All In (documentary), 257 Abernathy, Ralph David, 177, African American History For all-Black casts, 395–398 180, 182, 204–205 Dummies (Penrice), 1 Allen, Debbie, 355 abolition movement African American Lives Allen, Louis, 191 about, 85 (docuseries), 9, 126 Allen, Macon B., 482 arguing for/against slavery, African Baptist (“Bluestone”) Allen, Richard, 61, 267, 274 87–88 Church, 266 Allen, William Francis, 362 colonization (emigration) African Grove Theater, 332 movement, 94–96 Almoravids, 35 African Institution, 95 effects of proslavery politics, Alpha Kappa Alpha, 305 African Lodge, 62 96–98 Alpha Phi Alpha, 25, 305 African Methodist Episcopal Emancipation Proclamation (AME), 16, 266, 267 American Anti-Slavery Society, and, 115 86, 90 African Methodist Episcopal key abolitionists, 89–92 Zion (AMEX), 266, 267–268 American Colonization Society, Lincoln and, 107–108 90, 95–96 The African Origin of Civilization managing divide between (Diop), 37 American Descendants of slavery and freedom, Slavery (ADOS), 30 Africanus, Leo, 43 103–107 “American dream,” achieving “Afro-American,” as a term, 16 reading and writing, 92–94 the, 19–20 Agricultural Adjustment societies, 86 American Negro Academy, 149 Association (AAA), 159 Underground Railroad, 98–103 American Negro Theater AIDS, 228–229 (ANT), 343 Abrams, Stacey, 10, 129, 249, Aiken, George, 337 253, 257 American Revolution, 57–61, 69 Ailey, Alvin, 17, 237, 354–355 Abyssinia (musical), 336 Ames, Adelbert, 132 Alabama, 182–184, 187–189, accommodationist policy, Amnegro Films, 398 193–194 147–148 ANC (Aid to Needy Children) Alabama Christian Adam Negro’s Tryall, 309 Mothers of Movement, 182 Watts, 217 Adams, Abigail, 58 Albany Movement, 180–181, 203 Anderson, Elijah, 101 Adams, Henry, 139 Aldridge, Ira, 332 Anderson, Garland, 341 Adams, John, 58, 59 Alexander, Margaret Walker, 325 Anderson, William, 180 Addicted (Zane), 328 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Alexander, Michelle, 22 Andrew, James Osgood, 270 Adjaye, David, 26 Alfonso V, King of Portugal, 43 Angelou, Maya, 324 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ali, Muhammed, 3, 18, 465, 466 (Twain), 16 Anna Lucasta (play), 343 Ali, Noble Drew, 279–280 Affordable Care Act (ACA), 238 Annie Allen (Brooks), 485 Alito, Samuel, 292 Afonso I, 43–44 Another Country (Baldwin), 321

Index 501

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 501 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Anthony, Susan B., 130 Baldwin, James, 10, 17, 237, 319, Bell, W. Kamau, 250 antiphony. See call-and- 320, 321 Beloved (Morrison), 325, 492 response music Baldwin, Ruth Standish, 154 Belton, Ethel, 166 Antoine, C.C., 129 Bale, Christian, 37 Belton, Sharon Sayles, 222 Appearances (play), 341 Baltimore, Charles, 143 Belton v. Gebhart, 166 Appomattox Courthouse, 117 Baltimore Riots, 243–244 Benezet, Anthony, 86, 89, 288 Arabella (ship), 53 Bambara, Toni Cade, 324 Bennett, Lerone, 14 Arbery, Ahmaud, 251 Bandana Land (musical), 336 Berea College, 296 Arkansas, 125–126 banjo, 364 Berlin, Ira, 67 Armstrong, Louis, 369, 373 Bank of America, 252 Bernal, Martin, 37 Arrington, Richard, Jr., 221 banking, 128–129 Berry, Chuck, 17 Arte de los contratos (de Banneker, Benjamin, 89 Berry, Halle, 3, 424–425 Albornoz), 43 Baptist War, 46 Berry, Mary Frances, 31 Ashe, Arthur, 18, 474 Baraka, Amiri, 322, 323 Berry, Shawn, 229 Association for the Study of Barber, William, 278 African American Life and Bertelsen, Phil, 199 History (ASALH), 10 Barbour, Nelson H., 282 Bethune, Mary McLeod, Association for the Study of Barnes, Stephen, 326 159–160, 216 Negro Life and History Barnett, Ross, 181 Bevel, James, 183 (ASNLH), 10 Barr, Will, 256 Beyoncé, 306 Atkinson, Charles, 352–353 Barraccoon, 106 Biden, Joe, 218, 235, 251, Atlanta Compromise, 148 Barry, Marion, 179 253–258 Atlanta Public Schools cheating baseball, 449–456 big band jazz, 369 scandal, 294 basketball, 456–464 Big Freedia, 237 Atlanta Race Riot (1906), Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 500 Big White Fog (play), 343 142–143 Bass, Karen, 253 Biggers, John, 499 Attaway, William, 319 Bates, Daisy, 216 Birther Movement, 279 Attucks, Crispus, 58, 59 Battle of Antietam The Birth of a Nation (film), 78, The Autobiography of Malcolm (Sharpsburg), 114 337–338, 394 X (Haley and Malcolm X), Bivins, Michael, 23 197, 491 Battle of Vicksburg, 117 “Black,” as a term, 16 The Autobiography of an Baylor, Elgin, 460 Ex-Coloured Man Beal, Francis, 217–218 Black activism, 227 (Johnson), 316 Beamon, Bob, 471 Black AIDS Institute, 229 avant garde jazz, 371 Bearden, Romare, 498 Black American Faces icon, 4 beauty companies, 225 Black and Blue (musical), 346 B Beauty Shop (play), 346 Black Arts Movement, 322–323 Black Athena, 37 Baby Momma Drama bebop, 370–371 (Weber), 328 Before the Mayflower Black Catholics, 281–282 Baez, Joan, 185 (Bennett), 14 Black Caucus, 220 Baker, Ella, 179, 216 Bel, Ricky, 23 Black church, 266–275 Bakke v. California Board of Bell, Alexander Graham, 18 Black Church Action Fund, 250 Regents, 303 Bell, Sean, 229 Black Codes, 122

502 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 502 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Black demagogues, 283–284 The Blacker the Berry (Thurman), Bookerites, 150 Black Doctors COVID-19 319, 341 Booth, John Wilkes, 120 Consortium, 250 blackface, 333 Bosley, Freeman, Jr., 222 Black Drama (Mitchell), 337 Black-ish (TV show), 433 Boston Massacre, 58, 59 Black Entertainment Television #BlackLivesMatter, 241 Bottoms, Keisha Lance, 253 (BET), 32, 224, 443–444 The Black Book (Morrison), 325 boxing, 464–467 Black Exodus, 138–139 The Black Church in the African boycotts, 174–177 Black Fire (Baraka and Neal), 323 American Experience (Lincoln Boyer, Nate, 246 Black Greek Letter and Mamiya), 265 Boykin, Keith, 237 Organizations (BGLOs), The Black Megachurch (Tucker- 304–306 Worgs), 273 Boynton v. Virginia, 179 Black heritage, celebrating, The Black Panthers Bradford, Perry, 365 23–24 (documentary), 212 Bradley, Joseph P., 147 Black History Month, 1, 10, The Black Woman (Bambara), Bradley, Tom, 221 13, 23 218, 324 Brando, Marlon, 185 Black inferiority, 88 Blair, Ezell, Jr., 177–178 Braun, Carol Mosley, 219 Black Liberation Army (BLA), 211 Blair, James, 262 breakdancing, 353 Black liberation theology, 276 Blake (Delany), 312 Breed, London, 247–248 Black literature, 307–329 Blake, Eubie, 340 Breedlove, Sarah, 152 (BLM), 1, 2, 3, Blanco, Kathleen, 232 Brewer, Lawrence, 229, 231 10, 18, 21, 22, 238–245, 278 Bland, Sandra, 244–245 Bridgeman, Valerie, 275 Black Masons, 61, 62 Blanton, Thomas, 189 Bridges, Ruby, 291 Black Nationalism, 13 Blassingame, John W., 14 Briggs, Harry, 165 Black Panther (film), 24 Blesh, Rudi, 362 Briggs v. Elliott, 165 Black Panther Party (BPP), 15, Blige, Mary J., 229 199–200, 208–213 broad marriages, 68 blood bank, 18 Black Power movement, 16, 196. Bronner, Dale, 278–279 Bloody Sunday (1965), 1, 194 See also specific topics Brooke, Edward, 130 Blue Blood (play), 342 Black pride, 22–24 Brooke, Edward W., III, 220 blue notes, 367 Black Slaves, Indian Masters Brooks, Gwendolyn, 319, 323, (Krauthamer), 126 blues, 363–367 325, 484–485 Black Star Line Steamship Blues People (Baraka), 322 Brooks, Rayshard, 251 Corporation, 157, 158 The Bluest Eye (Morrison), 324 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Black Theology and Black Power Bluett, Thomas, 53 Porters, 161 (Cone), 265 Boaz, Franz, 317 Browder, Aurelia, 174–175 Black towns, 139–140 Bogle, Donald, 484 Browder v. Gayle, 174–175, 176 Black Voices (Chapman), 323 Bolden, Charles “Buddy,” Brown, Bob, 211 Black Women’s Liberation 368, 373 Brown, Debra M., 236 Committee (BWLC), Bolling v. Sharpe, 166 217–218 Brown, Edward, 88 Bond, J. Max., Jr., 26 A Black Explorer at the North Pole Brown, Elaine, 213 (Henson), 483 Bond, Julian, 221 Brown, James, 23, 277, 383 A Black Woman’s Civil War Bonner family, 26 Brown, James Henry, 332 Memoirs (King Taylor), 117 Booker, Cory, 253 Brown, Jazebo, 367

Index 503

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 503 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Brown, John, 68, 91, 106–107 C Charleston Church Brown, LaTosha, 253 Massacre, 244 Cable, George Washington, Charna, Dan, 225–226 Brown, Lee P., 222 314, 368 Chauvin, Derek, 21, 233–234, Brown, Michael, 1, 3, 10, 21, 242, Caillous, André, 116 256, 278 251–252 cakewalk, 351 Brown, Mike, 232 Cheat Sheet (website), 5 Calhoun, John C., 86, 103, 104 Brown, Morris, 270 Cherry, Bobby Frank, 189 California, 104 Brown, Ron, 222 Chesnutt, Charles, 314 call-and-response music, Chester, Thomas Morris, 119 Brown, Rory, 17 265, 360 Chestnut, Charles W., 326 Brown, Sterling K., 231 Cameron, Daniel, 21 Cheyney University, 295–296 Brown, William Wells, 89, Cane (Toomer), 317 312, 337 Chicago, Illinois, 144 Cannick, Jasmyne, 237 Brown, Willie, 222 Chicago Freedom Movement Cantrell, LaToya, 247–248, 250 Brown University, 68 (CFM), 202 Cardozo, Francis L., 129 Brown v. Board of Education, children’s march, 183 Cardozo, T.W., 129 14–15, 160, 163–169, 173, The Chip Woman’s Fortune 188, 282, 289, 290–292, 303 Caribbean slavery, 41–47 (play), 341 Bruce, Blanche K., 129–130 Carmen Jones (musical), 345 Chisholm, Shirley, 220, 221 Bryan, Andrew, 266 Carmichael, Stokely, 179, Chrisman, Robert, 323 200–201, 208 Bryant, Carolyn, 170, 171 Christianity, 262–266 Carnell, Yvette, 30 Bryant, Jamal Harrison, 278 Christmas Uprising, 46 Carney, William H., 483 Bryant, Kobe, 461 church, 261–284 carpetbagger, 121 Buchanan v. Warley, 153 Church, Frank, 212 Carter, Betty, 372–373 Bulah, Sarah, 166 Church of God in Christ (COGIC), Carter, Jimmy, 304 Bulah v. Gebhart, 166 271–272 Carter, Michelle, 472–473 Bunch, Lonnie, III, 26 cimarrones, 46 Carver, George Washington, 301 Bunche, Ralph, 11, 215, 484 City of Refuge (Fisher), 316 Cary, Mary Ann Shad, 151 Bundles, A’Lelia, 152 civil rights Cash, Herman, 189 Burke, Tarana, 218 about, 187–188, 233–234 Castile, Philando, 245 Burke, Yvonne Braithwaite, 220 Birmingham, Alabama, Catholicism, 264, 281–282 187–189 Bush, Cori, 256 Cedric the Entertainer, Black Literature from, 319–321 Bush, George W., 25, 26, 30, 196, 417–418 222, 231, 232, 304 Black Power, 196–201 Central Avenue jazz, 369–370 business, 223–226 Civil Rights Act (1964), 189–190 Central High School, Bussey, Charles E., Jr., 221 death of King, Jr., 203–205 167–169, 291 Butler, Benjamin, 127 Freedom Summer, 190–193 Chamberlain, Wilt, 460 Butler, Octavia E., 326 post-, 207–232 Chambliss, Robert Edward, 189 By the Way, Meet Vera Stark pre-, 12–13 Chaney, James, 192 (play), 350 Project Alabama, 193–194 Chapman, Abraham, 323 Byrd, Harry F., Sr., 169 race relations in the north, Chappelle, Dave, 418 Byrd, James, Jr., 229, 231 201–203 Charles I, King of Spain, 43 Byrd, William, 266 Voting Rights Act (1965), 195–196

504 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 504 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Civil Rights Act (1866), 12 Clark, Mark, 212, 213 Colfax Courthouse, Massacre Civil Rights Act (1875), Clark, Mattie Moss, at, 131 132, 147 377–378 Collins, Addie Mae, 188 Civil Rights Act (1964), 189–190 Clarkson, Thomas, 89 Collins, Patricia Hill, 219 Civil Rights Act (1968), 205 class distinctions, 44–45 Colonization Council, 139 Civil Rights Cases of 1883, 147 class wars, cocaine and, 227 colonization (emigration) Civil Rights movement. See also classic blues, 365 movement, 94–96 Brown v. Board of Education; classical dance, 354–356 Color Struck (play), 342 King, Martin Luther, Jr. Clay, Henry, 95–96 “colored,” as a term, 16 about, 16, 163 Clay, William L., 220 Colored Farmers’ National boycotts, 173–181 Alliance and Cooperative Cleaver, Eldridge, 209, 211 increasing Federal Union, 138 involvement, 181–182 Cleaver, Emmanuel, 222 Colored Women of America, 151 March on Washington for Cleaver, Kathleen Neal, 213 Colored Women’s Progressive Jobs and Freedom (1963), Cleopatra (film), 37 Franchise Association, 151 185–186 Cleveland, James, 377 The Colored Players Film marches, 173–181 Clinton, Bill, 25, 30, 219, 222 Corporation, 395 1963, 182–184 Clinton, Hillary, 234, 255 The Color Purple (Walker), 324, 492 Ole Miss, 181–182 Clorindy, the Origin of the sit-ins, 173–181 Cakewalk (musical), 336 Columbus, Christopher, 38, 39, 41–42 Till, Emmett, 169–171 Clotel, 312 Colvin, Claudette, 174–175 Civil War Clotilda (ship), 105–106, 113 Combs, Sean “Diddy,” 15 about, 109 Cloud, John, 194 comedy, 415–412, 428–431 Confederate Army, 118–119 Clutchette, John, 210 Committee for the Improvement Clyburn, James “Jim,” 253 early days of, 111–112 of Industrial Conditions Emancipation Proclamation, Coachman, Alice, 471 Among Negroes, 154 113–116 Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 28, 30 Committee on Urban Conditions end of, 119–120 Coats, John, 67 Among Negroes, 154 end of Reconstruction, cocaine, 226–228 Common, 23, 229, 414 131–134 Cochran, Johnnie, 230–231 Compromise of 1850, 104 Fifteenth Amendment, 130 Cochran, Thad, 146 Cone, James H., 265 government intervention and, Coffin, Catharine, 100 Confederate battle flag, 28–29 123–130 Coffin, Levi, 100 Confederate soldiers, 112, post-, 270–271, 289–290 cohabitation, among enslaved 118–119 Reconstruction, 121–123 people, 45 Confederate States of America slavery and, 110–111 The Coldest Winter Ever (CSA), 110 Thirteenth Amendment, (Souljah), 328 Confirmation (film), 218 119–120 Cole, Bob, 336 Confiscation Acts (1861 and and, 116–118 Cole, Johnetta B., 304 1862), 111, 114 Clark, Jim, 194 Coleman, Johnnie, 275 Congo, 43 Clark, Kenneth, 165 Coleman-Singleton, Congo Square, 368 Clark, Mamie Phipps, 165 Sharonda, 244 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 173, 215

Index 505

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 505 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Congressional Medal of Honor, The Creole Show (musical Davis, Jefferson, 108, 110, 115, first Black recipient of, 483 theater), 335 118, 129, 133 Conjur Man Dies (play), 343 crime and the criminal justice Davis, Miles, 374 The Conjure Woman, and Conjure system, 20–22, 156 Davis, Ossie, 345 Tales (Chesnutt), 314 The Crisis (magazine), 153 Davis, Sammy, Jr., 353 Connecticut, 60 A Critique of the Slave Trade (de Davis, Viola, 425 Mercado), 43 Connecticut Emancipation Davis v. County School Board of Society, 94 Crittenden, John J., 110 Prince Edward County, 166 Connor, Bull, 179, 203–204 Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, de Albornoz, Bartolomé, 43 110, 121 Considerations On Keeping de Balboa, Vasco Núñez, 41 Negroes (Woolman), 60 Cromwell, Oliver, 60 de Boré, Jean Étienne, 71 Conyers, John, 30 Crosby, Peter, 131 De La Beckwith, Byron, 184 Coogler, Ryan, 241, 410–411 Crowley, James, 238 de la Matosa, Francisco, 47 Cook, Will Marion, 336 Crummell, Alexander, 149 de Mercado, Fray Tomás, 43 Cooke, Henry, 128 Crump, Benjamin, 239 de Montúfar, Alonso, 43 Cooke, Jay, 128 Crusade for Justice, 141 de Vaca, Alvar Núñez Cabeza, 41 Coolidge, Calvin, 158 Cuffe, Paul, 95–96 Declaration of Independence, Cooper, Iris, 225–226 Cullen, Countee, 11, 319 60, 61 Copeland, Misty, 355–356 Cullors, Patrisse, 22, 241, 242 The Declaration and Confession of Copeland, Raniyah, 229 cultural contributions, 15–18 Jeffrey, a Negro, 309 Corbett, Kizzmekia “Kizzy,” 250 cultural tourism, 24–26 Def Comedy Jam, 419 The Corner (film), 436 Cumming, Elijah, 248 A Defence of Virginia (Dabney), 88 Cornish, Samuel E., 93, 94 curse of Ham, 88 DeLaine, Joseph A., 165 Corporate Restitution cycling, 477 Delany, Martin R., 96, 118, Movement, 28 127, 312 Corrie, William, 105 Delany, Samuel R., 326 Cortés, Hernán, 41 D DeLarge, Robert, 130 The Cosby Show (TV show), Dabney, John, 105–106 Delaware, 110, 113 430–431 Dabney, Robert Lewis, 88 Delta blues, 365 Cosgrove, Myles, 21, 251 The Dahomean (Yerby), 321 Delta Sigma Theta, 306 Cotton, Tom, 27 Daley, Richard, 202 Demings, Val, 253 cotton gin, 71 dance, 17, 351–356 “Denmark Vesey and His cotton plantations, 65, 71–72 Darden, Christopher, 230 Co-Conspirators” Counter Intelligence Program Dark Alliance (Webb), 228 (Johnson), 77 (COINTELPRO), 212 Dark Matter (Butler), 326 Denmark Vesey’s Uprising, 76–77 Coushatta, murders in, 131 Darktown Follies (musical), 351 Denny, Reginald, 230 COVID-19, 249–250, 253–256 Davies, Ronald N., 167–168 Denton, Vachell, 53 Cox, Laverne, 237 Davies, Samuel, 263 DePriest, Oscar, 220 crack cocaine, 226–228 Davis, A.K., 129 Derby, Doris, 344 Creating Black Americans Davis, Angela, 210, 219, 237 (Painter), 14 Derham, James, 481–482 Davis, Calvin P., 144 Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 219

506 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 506 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM desegregation, 167–169, Dretzin, Rachel, 199 Egypt, 37 183–184, 303 Drew, Charles, 18 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 168, 291 Desire (slave ship), 50 Drew, Howard, 471 election, 2020, 253–258 Devil in a Blue Dress Drexel, Katharine, 282 Election Day, 219 (Mosley), 328 drivers, 73 Elementary and Secondary Devine, Annie, 193 drug trafficking, 228 Education Act (ESEA), Devoe, Ronnie, 23 294–295 Drumgo, Fleeta, 210 DeVos, Betsy, 19, 295 Eliot, John, 262–263 Du, Soon Ja, 230 Diallo, Amadou, 229 Ellington, Edward Kennedy Du Bois, W.E.B., 13, 37, 61, “Duke,” 17, 373 Diallo, Ayuba Suleiman, 53 146–150, 152–154, 158, 219, Diary of a Mad Black Woman 299–302, 313, 326, 340, 489 Elliott, Robert Brown, 130, 165 (musical), 346 du Sable, Jean Baptiste Ellison, Ralph, 319–321, 491 A Different World (TV show), 431 Pointe, 25 Elmina Castle, 39 Diffrent Strokes (TV show), 429 Dumas, F.E., 118 emancipation, pre-, 11–12 Diggs, Daveed, 24 Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 148, Emancipation Proclamation, 30, Dinkins, David, 2, 219 314, 329, 336 113–116 Diop, Cheikh Anta, 37 Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, 325 Emanuel, Rahm, 243 Diouf, Sylvanie A., 80 Dunham, Katherine, 17, 354 Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, 29, 244 discriminatory policies, Dunmore, Lord, 59 inequalities in, 20 Dunn, Oscar J., 129 Emerson, John, 106 Divine, Father, 283–284 Durham, William Howard, 272 emigration (colonization) movement, 94–96 Divine Nine, 304–306 Durr, Clifford, 174 Emmett Till Antilynching Act, 146 DMX, 414 DuSable Museum of African The Emperor Jones (play), 339 DNA testing, 9 American History, 25 empires, African, 34–38 Doctor, Depayne Middleton, 244 Dutchman (play), 322 empowerment zones, 224 Dollar, Creflo, 274 DuVernay, Ava, 22, 194, 408–409 Encinia, Brian, 244–245 Dollar, Taffi, 275 Dwight, Ed, 77 Enforcement Act (1870), 133 Don King (film), 436 Dylan, Bob, 185 England, 114, 115 Dorsey, Decatur, 117 equal education, 19 Dorsey, Thomas Andrew, 274, 375–376 E Equal Rights Association, 130 East St. Louis riots (1917), 143 double consciousness, 61 equality, strategies for Eastern Colored League, 452 achieving, 147–149 “Double V” campaign, 161 Eaton, John, 127 Erving, Julius “Dr. J.,” 460 Doughty, Charles, 270 Ebony Film Corporation, 395 escape, from slavery, 46 Douglas, Aaron, 483, 495–496 Echo (ship), 105 The Escape; or, a Leap of Freedom Douglas, Stephen A., 103, 105 economic empowerment, (play), 337 Douglass, Frederick, 12, 19, 79, 222–226 Essay on Civil Disobedience 89, 91–93, 103, 116, 123, (Thoreau), 172 129, 130, 139, 147, 268, 288, Edison, Thomas, 18 311, 482, 488 education, 19, 124, 285–306 Ethiopian minstrelsy, 333 Douglass, H. Ford, 118 Edwards, Jonathan, 263 Ethnic Notions (documentary), 337 Dreamgirls (musical), 345–346 Egerton, Douglas R., 76 Europe, James Reese, 373

Index 507

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 507 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM European slave trade, 39–40 field slaves, 72–73 Fortune, T. Thomas, 150 Eventide (poem), 484–485 Fifteenth Amendment, 130, 146, Foster, Andrew “Rube,” 452 Evers, Medgar, 184, 191, 203 190, 195, 217 Foster Photoplay Company, 397 Every Student Succeeds Act films Four Little Girls (film), 189 (ESSA), 294–295 about, 393–394 Fourteenth Amendment, 146, Executive Order 8802, 160, 161 all-Black casts, 395–398 147, 190 Executive Order 9981, 160 awards, 426 The Foxes of Harrow (Yerby), 321 Exodus (film), 37 Black actors/actresses, Foxx, Jamie, 417 Exoduster Movement of 1879, 412–414, 421–425 Frank Silvera Writers’ Workshop 138–139 Black directors, 406–412 (FSWW), 344 explorers, first Black, 483–484 early Black roles, 398–400 Franklin, Aretha, 383–384 Eyes on the Prize II, 212 hood films, 404–405 Franklin, Benjamin, 86 Lee, Spike, 403–404 Franklin, John Hope, 14 1940s-1960s, 401–402 Franklin, Kirk, 378–379 F 1960s-1970s, 402–403 fraternities, 304–306 The Fabric of a Man (play), 346 non-hood genre, 405–406 Frazier, Darnella, 21 face vessels, 495 Finding Your Roots (Haley), 9 Frederick Douglass’ Paper The Facts of Life (TV show), 429 The Fire Next Time (Baldwin), 321 (newspaper), 93 The Facts of Reconstruction Free African Society, 61, 267 (Lynch), 129 First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, 26 Free African Union Society, 95 Fair Employment Practices “free” Black Americans, 81–84 Committee (FEPC), 160 Fisher, Mel, 55 Free Black Haitians, 60 Fair Fight, 257 Fisher, Rudolph, 316 free jazz, 371 Fair Housing Act, 205 Fisk Jubilee Singers, 361 Free Southern Theater (FST), 344 Fairbanks, Calvin, 99 Fitzgerald, Ella, 372 Freedman’s Bank, 128–129 Fairfield, John, 100 Flake, Floyd, 277 Freedman’s Bureau Bill family life, 45, 227 Flanagan, Hallie, 342 (1866), 12 Fard, Wallace D., 280 The Flip Wilson Show (TV show), 428 Freedmen’s Bureau, 123–124, Farmer, James, 179, 185 Flood, Curt, 455 127, 133, 289, 296, 298 Farmer-Paellmann, Deadria, 28 Florida, 125–126 Freedmen’s Bureau Act, 125 Farrakhan, Louis, 280 Florida v. George freedom, from slavery, 45–47, Farrow, Lucy, 272 Zimmerman, 240 58–60, 82, 150–154 fashion designer, first Black, 485 Floyd, George, 1, 10, 18, 21, Freedom Rides, 179–180 Faubus, Orval, 167–169 233–234, 251–252, 302 Freedom Summer, 190–193 Faulkner, William, 24 folktales, 308 Freedom Vote, 191 Fauset, Jessie Redmon, 318, 325 food and food rations, 124, Freedom’s Journal Federal Theater Project (FTP), 225–226 (newspaper), 93 342–343 football, 467–470 Freelon, Philip, 26 Felton, Rebecca, 142 Ford, Henry, 155 Freeman, Michael E., 278–279 fencing, 477–478 Forman, James, 179 Freeman, Morgan, 423 Ferguson, Missouri, 242 Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 118 Freeman-Wilson, Karen, Fetchit, Stepin, 400 Fort Pillow Massacre, 118 247–248

508 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 508 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM The Free Speech Garvey, Marcus, 13, 22–23, Grant, Oscar, 241 (newspaper), 141 156–158, 265, 279–280 Grant, Ulysses S., 120, 127, 130, French and Indian War, 58 Garza, Alicia, 22, 241 131, 132 The Fresh Prince of Bel Air (TV Garza, Malachi, 241 grants, 45–46 show), 432 Gates, Henry Louis, 9, 126, Gray, Fred, 174 From Slavery to Freedom 238, 312 Gray, Freddie, 243–244, 245 (Franklin), 14 The Genius of Universal Gray, John, 278–279 Fruitvale Station (film), 241 Emancipation Gray, Victoria, 193 Frye, Marquette, 201–202 (newspaper), 93 Grayson, Mary, 126 Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 97, 104 George, David, 266 Great Awakenings, 263–264 Fugitive Slave Clause, 96–97 George III, King of England, 58 Great Depression, 158–161, 290 Fuhrman, Mark, 230 Georgetown University, 68 Great Dismal Swamp, 80 Fulton, Sabrina, 239 Georgia, 125–126 Great Exodus, 138–139 The Fundamental Constitutions of Ghana, 35 Carolina (Locke), 60 Gibson, Bob, 455 Great Jamaican Slave Revolt, 46 funk, 385 Gibson, Josh, 453 Great Migration, 154–156, 315–316 F.W. Woolworth Company, Giddings, Paula, 14, 219 Greeley, Horace, 108 177–178 Gilpin, Charles, 339 Green, Benjamin T., 140 Gilpin Players, 341 Green, Ernest, 168 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 217 G Greene, Lorenzo, 14 Giovanni, Nikki, 322–323 Gabriel’s Rebellion, 76 The Green Pastures (play), 339 Gleaves, Richard H., 129 Gabriel’s Rebellion (Egerton), 76 Gregory, Wilton D., 282 Glory (film), 118 Gage, Thomas, 58 Grier, Pam, 403 Glover, Savion, 353 Gaines, Clarence “Big Guerrero, Vicente, 47 House,” 458 Go Tell It on the Mountain Guinn v. , 153 Gaines, Ernest, 24 (Baldwin), 321 Gurira, Danai, 350 Galpin, George, 266 Goldberg, Whoopi, 9, 419 gymnastics, 477 Gamble, Kenneth, 387 Golden Boy (musical), 345 Gandhi, Mahatma (Mohandas), Goldman, Ron, 230 15, 172–173 Goldsberry, Renée, 24 H Gantt, Harvey, 221 golf, 475–476 Haddish, Tiffany, 420–421 Gardner, James Daniel, 117 Good Times (TV show), 429 Haitian Revolution, 46, 77 The Garles and Their Friends Goode, Wilson, 221 Haley, Alex, 9, 491 (Webb), 312 Goodell, Roger, 247 Haley, Nikki, 29 Garmback, Frank, 243 Goodman, Andrew, 192 Hall, Anne Marie Becraft, 68 Garner, Eric, 10, 21, 242, 278 Gordon, Nathaniel, 113 Hall, Arsenio, 416–417 Garnet, Henry Highland, 89, Gorée Island, 56 Hall, Isaac Hawkins, 68 106, 107 Gospel music, 375–379 Hall, Prince, 62, 95 Garrett, Thomas, 99 Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, 362 Hamer, Fannie Lou, 191, Garrison, William Lloyd, 86, 89, Gragston, Arnold, 101 193, 216 90–91, 93 grandfather clauses, 133 Hamilton (show), 24 Garrisonism, 90 Granny Moumee (play), 338 Hamilton, Alexander, 86

Index 509

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 509 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Hamlin, Larry Leon, 351 Healy, Patrick Francis, 281 Home (Morrison), 327 Hammer and Hoe (Kelley), 14 Hearn, Lafcadio, 368 homeownership, 222–223 Hammon, Jupiter, 308–309 Height, Dorothy, 216 Homestead Act, 128 Hammond, Henry, 88 Hemings, Sally, 312 hood films, 404–405 Hampton, Fred, 211–213, 222 Hendrix, Jimi, 381 hooks, bell, 219 Hancock, John, 309 Henrietta Marie (slave ship), 55 Hooks, Robert, 344 Handy, W.C., 364 Henry, Aaron, 191 Hoover, J. Edgar, 158, 159, 189 Hankison, Brett, 21, 251 Henry the Navigator, 39–40 Hopkins, Harry, 160 Hannah-Jones, Nikole, 27–28 Henson, Matthew Alexander, Hopkins, Pauline E., 313, 335 Hanrahan, Edward, 212 483–484 Horne, Lena, 345 Hansberry, Lorraine, 345 Herenton, W.W., 222 horse racing, 476–477 hard bop, 371 “Heritage” (poem), 11 Hoskins, Michele, 225 Harlan, John Marshall, 147 Heritage Act (2000), 29 hospitals, 124 Harlem (play), 341 Heston, Charlton, 185 House, Callie, 31 Harlem Renaissance, 314–319 Hewlett, James, 332 house slaves, 72–73 Harlin, Latasha, 230 Hidden Figures (film), 1, 23 housing, 156 Harmon, William E., 318 The Hidden Cost of Being African Houston, Charles Hamilton, 164 American (Shapiro), 223 Harmon Foundation, 318 Houston riots (1917), 143–144 Higher Education Act (1965), 304 Harper, Douglas, 67 Howard, Jacob M., 100 higher learning, 295–306 Harper, Frances E.W., 89, 130, Howard, Oliver, 125 Highley, D.L., 417 151, 313, 325 Howard, T.R.M., 191 Hill, Abram, 343 Harper v. Virginia Board of Howard University, 297 Elections, 195 Hill, Andre Maurice, 251 The Howard Players, 340–341 Harpers Ferry, 106–107 Hill, Anita, 218 Howell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 220 Harris, E. Lynn, 328 Hill, James, 129 H.R. 40 Bill to Commission Harris, Jeremy O., 350 Hill, Jemele, 246–247 to Study and Develop Harris, Joel Chandler, 314 Himes, Chester, 319 Reparation Proposals for Harris, Kamala, 234, Hine, Darlene Clark, 219 African-Americans Act, 30 253–258, 292 Hines, Gregory, 353 Hudson, Cheryl and Wade, 329 Harris, Leslie M., 27 hip-hop, 386–388 Huff, Leon, 387 Harris, Michael W., 376 historians, 13–14 Huggins, Ericka (Jenkins), 213 Harris, Wynonie, 17 Historical Roots icon, 4 Hughes, Cathy, 224 Harrison, Benjamin, 30, 139 History of the Negro Race in Hughes, Langston, 237, 316, Hart, Kevin, 418 America from 1619 to 1880 317, 318, 323, 341, 483 Harvey, Steve, 329, 418 (Washington), 13 Humphrey, Hubert, 204 Hatcher, Richard B., 220 HIV, 228–229 Humphreys, Richard, 295 Hayes, Rutherford B., 133 Hoffman, Abbie, 209 Hunt, William, 53 Haynes, Edmund, 154 Hogan, Ernest, 362 Hurd, Cynthia Marie Graham, 244 HBCUs, 304 Holder, Eric, 240 Hurricane Katrina, 232 healthcare, 20, 156 Holiday, Billie “Lady Day,” 371–372 Hurst, E.H., 191

510 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 510 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Hurston, Zora Neale, 24, J Jim Crow 105–106, 139, 314, 316, about, 12–13, 17, 20, 30, 137, 317–319, 325, 342, 483, 490 Jack, Sam T., 335 146–147 Hutton, Bobby, 209 Jackson, George, 210 Black Exodus, 138–139 Hyers, Emma Louise, 335 Jackson, Jesse, 16, 20, 219, Black towns, 139–140 221–222, 235, 277 Great Depression, 158–161 Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 194 Great Migration, 154–156 I Jackson, Mahalia, 17, 185, Ice Cube, 253–254, 414 274, 376 lynchings, 140–146 icons, explained, 4 Jackson, Maynard, 221 organizations, 150–154 Ida (Giddings), 14 Jackson, Michael, 37, 353 Plessy v. Ferguson, 146–147 If God Is Willing and da Creek Jackson, Natalie, 239 post-Reconstruction, 137–146 Don’t Rise (docuseries), 232 Jackson, Rebecca Cox, 274 riots/massacres, 140–146 If I Did It (Simpson), 231 Jackson, Reggie, 455–456 strategies for achieving equality, 147–149 Ike, Reverend, 284 Jackson, Samuel L., 424 World War II, 161 Imperialism, 157 Jackson, Susie, 244 John III, King of Portugal, 44 imprisonment, cocaine and, 227 Jacob-Jenkins, Branden, 350 John III, Pope, 43 In Abraham’s Bosom (play), 339 Jacobs, Harriet, 311 Johns, Barbara Rose, 166 In Dahoney (musical), 336 Jakes, T.D., 273 Johns, Vernon, 166 In Living Color (TV show), 432 Jamaica (musical), 345 Johnson, Amelia E., 329 In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens “the Jamaica train,” 71 (Walker), 325 Johnson, Andrew, 121, 122, 123, James, Joe, 143 In Their Own Words icon, 4 125, 204 James, LeBron, 18, 21, 253, Johnson, Bill, 336, 369 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 461, 462 (Jacobs), 311 Johnson, Bob, 32 James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes income inequalities, 20 Act, 231 Johnson, Charles S., 315, 318 Industrial Revolution, 65 Jay, John, 86 Johnson, Columbus M., 139 Innis, Roy, 223 Jay-Z, 15 Johnson, Earvin “Magic,” 224–225, 228, 460–461 The Interesting Narrative of the jazz, 17, 352, 367–375 Life of Olaudah Equiano or Johnson, Edna, 247–248 Jazz (Morrison), 327 Gustavus Vasa, 311 Johnson, Georgia Douglas, 342 Jeantel, Rachel, 239 International Sweethearts of Johnson, Harvey, Jr., 222 Rhythm, 374 Jefferson, Lemon, 365 Johnson, Jack, 336, 464–465 interracial relationships, as a Jefferson, Thomas, 61, 77, 84, Johnson, James Weldon, 316 theme in films, 401 89, 94, 309, 312 Johnson, Joshua, 494 Intimate Apparel (play), 349 The Jeffersons (TV show), 429 Johnson, Lyndon B., 189–190, inventors, 18 Jeffries, Herb, 398 193, 195, 214, 215 Invisible Life (Harris), 328 Jeffries, Jim, 336 Johnson, Michael, 77, 472 Invisible Man (Ellison), 321, 491 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 282–283 Johnson, Robert, 224, 366 Iola Leroy (Harper), 313 Jelly’s Last Jam (musical), 346 Johnson, Rosamond, 336 Iota Phi Theta, 305 Jenkins, Barry, 27, 237, 409 Johnson, William, 23, 83 Isham, John W., 335 Jeremiah, Thomas, 59 Jones, Absalom, 61, 267 Iverson, Allen “Al,” 461 Jeter, J.A., 271 Jones, Charles Colock, 264

Index 511

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 511 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Jones, Charles Price, 271 King, A.D., 182, 183 Komunyakaa, Yusef, 27 Jones, Ella, 256 King, B.B., 367 Krauthamer, Barbara, 126 Jones, Jasmine Cephas, 24 King, Coretta Scott, 25, 204–205 Krebs, Christopher, 256 Jones, Jerry, 247 King, Don, 467 Krigwa Players, 340 Jones, LeRoi, 322 King, J.L., 229 Ku Klux Klan, 142–143, 183–184 Jones, Loïs Mailou, 497 King, John William, 229, 231 Kueng, J. Alexander, 251 Jones, Marion, 472 King, Marion, 181, 276 Kyles, Billy, 203 Jones, Samuel L., 144 King, Martin Luther, Jr. Joplin, Scott, 363 about, 14–15, 23, 25–26, Jordan, Louis, 379 171–172, 173–174 L L.A. riots, 230 Jordan, Michael, 18, 461 Albany Movement, 180–181 labor, 69–72, 124 Journal of African American Birmingham, Alabama, History, 10 187–189 Lackawanna Blues (film), 437 Joyner, Florence “Flo Jo,” 472 Chicago Freedom The Lafayette Players, 338 Movement, 202 Joyner, Tom, 224 Lafon, Thomy, 83 death of, 203–205 Joyner-Kersee, Jackie, 472 Lake, Howie, 245 Freedom Rides, 179–180 Judas and the Black Messiah Lamar, Charles, 105 (film), 212 March on Washington for Jobs Lane, Thomas, 251 and Freedom, 185–186 Julia (TV series), 428 Lane, William Henry, 334, 351 as a minister-activist, 277, 278 Larsen, Nella, 316, 325 Montgomery Bus Boycott, 174–177 Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 43 K Latifa, Queen, 413–414 Kaepernick, Colin, 18, philosophy of nonviolence, 245–247, 469 172–173 Latimer, Lewis, 18 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 105 Project Alabama, 193–194 Latin America, slavery in, 41–47 Kappa Alpha Psi, 305 sit-ins, 177–178 law, first Black people practicing, 482 Kelley, Robin D.G., 14 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 173 Lawrence, Jacob, 498 Kellogg, William, 131 Student Nonviolent Lawrence, Martin, 417 Kelly, Patrick, 485 Coordinating Committee Lee, Don L., 322–323 Kelly, Sharon Pratt, 222 (SNCC), 179 Lee, George, 169–170 Kemp, Brian, 249, 256, 257 Where Do We Go From Here, 258 Lee, Jarena, 274 Kendi, Ibram X., 22 King, Rodney, 230 Lee, Robert E., 114, 120 Kennedy, Jacqueline, 204 King, Slater, 181 Lee, Sheila Jackson, 30 Kennedy, John F., 179, 189, King, Woodie, Jr., 344 203, 214 Lee, Spike, 144, 189, 232, King Center, 25 403–404, 406–407 Kennedy, Robert F., 179, King Taylor, Susie, 117 181–182, 184, 191, 204, 205 Lee, Trymaine, 27 kitchenettes, 156 Kentucky, 110, 113 Legacy Museum From kneeling, for the National Enslavement to Mass Kentucky Derby, 482 Anthem, 245–247 Incarceration, 25 Keyes v. Denver School District N. Knight, Etheridge, 322–323 Legend, John, 23 1, 291 Knorr, Nathan Horner, 282 Lemon, Don, 237 Killen, Edgar Ray, 192

512 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 512 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Leo X, Pope, 43 Locke, John, 60 Mama Day (Naylor), 324 Leon, Kenny, 348–349 Loeffler, Kelly, 256 Mamiya, Lawrence H., 265 Leonard, Sugar Ray, 465 Loehmann, Timothy, 243 Manley, Effa, 455 Lesbian Gay Bisexual Logan, Rayford, 138 Manly, Alex, 142 Transgender Queer Long, Jefferson, 130 Mansa Musa, 35–36 (LGBTQ), 237, 440–442 Longvie, Texas, 144 The Man from Dahomey Let That Be the Reason (Yerby), 321 (Stringer), 328 Looby, Z. Alexander, 178 manumission, 60 Levin, Richard, 68 Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation, 59 Marable, Manning, 22, 31 Lewis, Carl, 472 Lott, Trent, 146 March on Washington for Lewis, Cudjo, 105–106 Louis, Joe, 465 Jobs and Freedom (1963), Lewis, David Levering, 14 185–186 Louisiana Purchase (1803), 97 Lewis, Edmonia, 494 maroon communities, 46, 79–80 Lousiana Separate Car Act Lewis, Jane, 101 (19890), 147 marriage, 45, 68 Lewis, John, 21, 25, 179, 185, L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 77 Marsh, Henry L., 221 194, 256 love stories, as a theme in Marshall, Andrew Cox, 269 Lewis, Oliver, 482 films, 401 Marshall, Paule, 325 Lewis, Reginald F., 225 Lovecraft Country (TV show), 1 Marshall, Thurgood, 164, 165, Lewis, Samella, 499 Lowe, Jim, 334 204, 217, 218 Liberator (newspaper), 90, 93 Lowery, Joseph E., 256 Martin (TV show), 432 Liberty Party Paper Lundy, Benjamin, 93 Martin, Sallie, 376 (newspaper), 93 Lyell, Charles, 269 Martin, Tracy, 239 Liele, George, 266 Lyles, Aubrey, 340 Martin, Trayvon, 3, 21, 22, 233, Lift Up Thy Voice (song), 23 238, 239–240 Lyles, Vi, 247–248 Liggins, Alfred, 224 Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, Lynch, John Roy, 129, 130 Lil Nas X, 237 25–26 lynchings, 140–146, 231 Lil Wayne, 254 Maryland, 84, 110, 113 Lyrics of a Lowly Life Masks for the People, 250 Lilith’s Brood (Butler), 326 (Dunbar), 314 Lincoln, Abraham, 30, 107–108, Mason, Charles Harrison, 271 110, 112, 113, 118, 119–120, Mason, Charlotte Osgood, 318 121, 125, 153, 235, 296 M Mason, John, 101 Lincoln, C. Eric, 265 Mabley, Moms, 237 Mason-Dixon line, 98 Lincoln Motion Picture Mac, Bernie, 417 Massachusetts, 52, 60 Company, 397 Madah, Anna, 335 Massacre at Colfax Lincoln University, 296 made-for-TV movies, 436–437 Courthouse, 131 literacy test, 195 mainstream music, 379–388 massacres, 140–146 literary classics, 487–492 Malcolm X, 15, 197–199, 276, Mather, Cotton, 286 literature, contributions in, 17 280, 491 Matthews, W.D., 118 Live Free, 250 Mali, 35–36 Mattingly, Jonathan, 21, 251 Living Single (TV show), 432 Malone, Annie Tumbo, 152, 225 Mays, Willie, 455 LL Cool J, 2, 414 Mama, I Want to Sing! McBride, Dwight, 1 Locke, Alain, 315, 318, 483 (musical), 346 McBride, Michael, 250

Index 513

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 513 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM McCabe, Edwin T., 139 military, 214 Moorish Science Temple, 279 McClain, Franklin, 177–178 Militia Act (1862), 112 Moors, 37 McClellan, George B., 114 Miller, Flournoy, 340 Morga, Garrett A., 18 McClendon, John B., 457–458 Miller, William, 283 Morial, Ernest Nathan, 221 McCraney, Tarell Alvin, 237, Milliken’s Bend, 117 Morrill, Justin, 298 348–349 Million Dollar Productions, Morrill Acts, 298–299 McCulloch, Bob, 21 397–398 Morris, Robert, Jr., 482 McDaniel, Hattie, 398–399 Milner, Denene, 329 Morris, Wesley, 27 McDonald, Laquan, 1, 243 Mind of My Mind (Butler), 326 Morrison, Toni, 17, 24, 319, 324, McDonald, Susie, 174–175 minister-activists, 277–278 325, 327, 492 McDonald’s, 224 minister-politicians, 276–277 Morrisseau, Dominique, 350 McDowell, Calvin, 141 minstrelsy, 333–334 Morse, Samuel F.B., 86 McKay, Claude, 145, 319 Miranda, Lin-Manuel, 24 Morse code, 86 McKenzie, Vashti Murphy, 275 The Mis-Education of the Negro Morton, Jelly Roll, 368 McKesson, DeRay, 242 (Woodson), 489–490 Mos Def/Yaslin Bey, 414 McKissick, Fred, 200 Miss Evers’ Boys (film), 436 Mosby, Marilyn, 243–244 McLaurin, George W., 164 Mississippi, 120, 140, Moses, Bob, 190, 191 181–182, 192 McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Moses, Edwin, 472 Mississippi Burning (film), 192 Regents, 164 Moskowitz, Henry, 153 McMillan, Terry, 328 Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 193 Mosley, Walter, 328 McNair, Denise, 188 Mississippi Plan, 132 Moss, Thomas, 141 McNeil, Joseph, 177–178 Missouri, 110, 113 Motown, 381–382 Me Too movement, 218 Missouri Compromise (1820), Mound Bayou, 140 Meaher, Burns, 105–106 98, 103, 105, 106 Muhammad, Elijah, 197, 198, Meaher, Timothy, 105–106 Mitchell, Arthur, 355 199, 280 media, black-owned, 224–225 Mitchell, Loften, 337 Muhammad, Khalil Gibran, 27 medicine, first Black people Mitchell, W.M., 101 Muhammad, Warith Deen, 280 practicing, 481–482 modernism, 319 Mulatto (play), 341 megachurches, 273–274 Molinar, Moe, 55 multiple-effect evaporator, Megan Thee Stallion, 21 71–72 Mo’Nique, 420 Meharry Medical College, 297 Murphy, Eddie, 37, 415–416 Monroe, James, 76, 96 Mehserle, Johannes, 241 Murphy, Isaac, 482 Montgomery, Isaiah T., 140 Meredith, James, 181, 200 Murray, Anna Pauline (Pauli), Montgomery Bus Boycott, 172, 217, 218 Meridian (Walker), 324 174–177 Muse, Clarence, 398–399 The Messenger, 161 Montgomery Improvement Metzl, Jonathan, 238 Association (MIA), 175, 176 music, 17, 265–266, 274, 359–392 Mexican-American War, 103 Moore, Amzie, 191 music videos, 407–408 Micheaux Film Corporation, 397 Moore, Antonio, 30 Musk, Elon, 16 Middle Passage, 52–57 Moore, Darnell, 242 Muslims, 279–280 Milam, J.W., 170, 171 Moore, David, 55 My Bondage, My Freedom militant abolitionism, 90 Moore v. Dempsey, 153 (Douglass), 103

514 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 514 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM My Brother’s Keeper, 238 National Collegiate Athletic Negro Leagues, 450–454 My Face is Black is True Association (NCAA), 29 Negro National League, 451 (Berry), 31 National Council of Colored Negro World (newspaper), 156 People, 482 My Name Is Pauli Murray The Negro Ensemble Company (documentary), 217 National Council of Negro (NEC), 344 Women, 217 Myers, Walter Dean, 329 The Negro in American Life and National Ex Slave Mutual Thought (Logan), 138 Relief, Bounty and Pension Association, 31 The Negro in Our History N (Woodson and Wesley), 14 NAACP Legal Defense Fund, National Federation of Afro- American Women, 151 The Negro Wage Earner 164, 165 (Woodson and Greene), 14 nadir, 138 National Football League (NFL), 467–469 neighborhood violence, cocaine Nagin, Ray, 232 and, 226–227 National Industrial Recovery Act Narrative of the Life of Frederick (NIRA), 159 Nelson, Stanley, 212 Douglass (Douglass), 24, 92, Netflix, 252 288, 311, 488 National Labor Union, 128 New Birth Missionary Baptist Nash, Diane, 179 National League for the Protection of Colored Church, 278 Nashville, 178 Women, 154 New Deal, 13, 159–160 Nat Turner’s Rebellion, National Negro Business League New England, 52 78–79, 287 (NNBL), 150–151 New England Anti-Slavery Nation of Islam (NOI), 196–197, National Negro Labor Society, 86, 90 279–280 Union, 128 New Georgia Project, 257 National Afro-American National Organization for New Negro Movement. See Council, 150 Women (NOW), 218 Harlem Renaissance National American Women National Rainbow Coalition, 222 New World, 41 Suffrage Association (NAWSA), 151 National Underground Railroad New York Manumission Freedom Center, 24 Society, 86 National Anthem, kneeling for the, 245–247 National Urban League (NUL), Newsome, Bree, 29 154, 156 National Anti-Slavery Standard, 90 The New Federal Theater, 344 National Welfare Rights The New Jim Crow (Alexander), 22 National Association for the Organization (NWRO), 217 Advancement of Colored Newton, Huey, 199–200, 208, National Youth People (NAACP), 16, 209, 211, 213 149, 153 Administration, 160 Niagara Movement, 149, 152 National Association of Colored Native Son (Wright), 320, 490 Nicholas, Fayard, 2–3 Women (NACW), 151 naturalism, 319 Nicholas V, Pope, 43 National Association of Naylor, Gloria, 319, 324 The Nicholas Brothers, 352 Colored Women’s Clubs Neal, Larry, 322, 323 (NACWC), 217 Nichols, Ray, 292 “Negro,” as a term, 16 National Black Feminist “nigger,” as a term, 16 Negro Act (1740), 287 Organization, 218 Nigger Heaven (Van Negro American League, 452 National Black Theater Festival Vechten), 318 Negro Factories (NBTF), 351 Nineteenth Amendment, 195 Corporation, 157 National Civil Rights Museum, 25 Niño, Pedro Alonso, 41 Negro History Week, 1, 13

Index 515

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 515 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Nixon, E.D., 174, 177 Oglethorpe, James, 53 Pamphlet, Gowan, 269 Nkrumah, Kwame, 39 O.J. (documentary), 231 pan-Africanism, 13 No Child Left Behind, 19, Okeh Records, 365 Pantaleo, Daniel, 242 293–294 Oklahoma, 139 Parham, Charles Fox, 272 No Strings (musical), 345 Ole Miss, 181–182 Parker, Charlie “Bird,” 374 Nobel Peace Prize, first Black O’Leary, Hazel, 222 Parks, Rosa, 174–177, 194 recipient of, 484 Oliver, Joseph “King,” 369 Parks, Suzan-Lori, 348–349 nonviolence, 172–173, 213 Olympics, 463, 473 passing, 316, 401 nonviolent direct action, 171 Omar, Ilhan, 248–249 Passing (Larsen), 316 normal schools, 297 Omega Psi Phi, 305 Patrick, Deval, 129 northern churches, 267–268 On Her Own Ground Patterson, Frederick P., 302 northern education, 288–289, (Bundles), 152 291–292 Patton, Charley, 366 On Striver Row (play), 343 northern slavery, 66–69 Paul, Rand, 146 On the Down Low (King), 229 Northrup, Solomon, 92 pay, for Union soldiers, 117 O’Neal, John, 344 The North Star (newspaper), 93 Payne, Larry, 203 O’Neal, William “Bill,” 212 Northwest Ordinance (1787), 97 Peary, Robert E., 483–484 O’Neill, Eugene, 339 Notes of a Native Son Peele, Jordan, 410 (Baldwin), 321 Opelousas, attacks in, 131 Pekin Stock Company, 338 Notes on the Origin and Necessity opposing slavery, 42–44 Pence, Mike, 249 of Slavery (Brown), 88 organizations, for freedom, Pennsylvania Abolition Society Nottage, Lynn, 27, 348–349 150–154 (PAS), 86, 89 novels, 311–314 Oriental America (musical Penrice, Ronda Racha, 1 theater), 335 Noyes Academy, 297 People United to Save Humanity Orta, Ramsey, 242 Nuestra Señora de Atocha (PUSH), 221–222 (ship), 55 Ossoff, Joe, 256, 257 People’s Party, 138 Osteen, Joel, 273–274 The People v. O.J. Simpson (TV Otis, James, 86 series), 231 O Our Nig (Wilson), 312 PepsiCo, 252 O’ Neal, Frederick, 343 Out of Bondage (musical theater), Perdue, David, 256 Obama, Barack, 3, 11, 15, 23, 335, 337 Perry, Andre M., 252 26, 39, 146, 219, 234–238, overseers, 73 Perry, Tyler, 445–447 240, 294–295. See also Black Ovington, Mary White, 153 Lives Matter Peters, Jesse, 266 Owens, Jesse, 18, 471 Obama, Michelle, 23, 234 Petry, Ann, 319, 325 Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 296 Pettiford, William, 151 O’Brien, Soledad, 232 P Phi Beta Sigma, 305 Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, Pace Phonograph Company, 365 The Philadelphia Negro 248–249 (Du Bois), 301 Page, Thomas Nelson, 314 O’Connor, Sandra Day, 292 The Philanthropist Paige, Satchel, 453 (newspaper), 93 The Octoroons (musical Painter, Neil Irvin, 14 theater), 335 Piersen, William, 219 Palacio, Vicente Riva, 47 Odom, Leslie, Jr., 24 Pike, Stephen, 53

516 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 516 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Pinchback, P.B.S., 118, 129, 130 Primus, Pearl, 354 rainbow coalition, 212 Pinckney, Clementa, 244 Pritchett, Laurie, 180 Rainey, Gertrude “Ma,” 237, Pinkney, Andrea Davis, 329 Progressive National Baptist 365, 366 Pinkney, Brian, 329 Convention (PNBC), 278 Rainey, J.H., 130 pioneers, 18 Project 100,000, 214 A Raisin in the Sun (play), 345 Pippin, Horace, 496 Project Alabama, 193–194 Ramsey, Peter, 410 Pius II, Pope, 43 Project C, 182 Randall, Dudley, 322–323 plantation missions, 264 Promised Land, 13 Randolph, A. Philip, 161, 185 plantations, 69–72 prophets, 13–14 Rangel, Charles, 276 Pleasant, W.S., 271 Proposition 209, 19 Ransier, Alonzo J., 129 Plessy v. Ferguson, 146–147, proslavery politics, effects of, rap music, 388–392 163–164, 165, 174, 289, 96–98 rappers, 253–254 290, 298 prosperity gospel, 274 Rashad, Phylicia, 345, 431 Poage, George, 471 Prosser, Gabriel, 76, 77 Rawlings-Blake, Stephanie, Poems on Various Subjects Prosser, Thomas, 76 243–244 (Wheatley), 309 Pryor, Richard, 415 R&B, 379 poets, 308–310 public charter schools, 292–293 reading and writing, 92–94 Poitier, Sidney, 185, 421–422 public vouchers, 292–293 Reagan, Ronald, 210 police killings, 21, 239–245, Pullitzer Prize, first Black realism, 319 251–252, 278 recipient of, 484–485 reality TV shows, 436 political office, 129–130, Punch, John, 11, 50 219–222, 247–248 Reconstruction, 12, 121–123, Purlie (musical), 345 131–134, 137–146, 270–271, politics, church and, 275–279 289–290 poll tax, 195 Reconstruction Act (1967), 123 Poor People’s March, 203, 205, Q Red Summer (1919), 144–145 222, 278 Quakers, 86. See also Redeemers, 131 pop culture, BLGOs in, 306 Underground Railroad Redmond, Sarah Parker, 89 Populist Party, 138 Redmong, Charles Lenox, 89 Porgy (play), 339 Reeb, James, 194 Porgy and Bess (play), 339 R race relations, in the north, Reeves, Tate, 29 post-Civil War 201–203 Reid, Eric, 246 post-World War II, Black racial distinctions, 44–45 Literature from, 319–321 relief rates, 159 racial divide, 229–232 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 276 religion. See church racial pride, 157 Powell, Colin, 18 Remember icon, 4 racism, as a theme in films, 401 Pratt, Geronimo, 213 Renaissance, 40 racist taboos, as a theme in Reol Productions, 395 Pratt, Tanya Walton, 236 films, 401 reparations, 30–32 Prayer Pilgrimmage for Radical Republicans, 121, 123 Freedom, 173 re-segregating, 293 Radio One, 224 presidency, 234–238 restaurants, 225–226 radio shows, during 2020 Revels, Hiram, 129, 276 Presidential Reconstruction, 121 election, 254 Revenue Act (1764), 58 Pressley, Ayanna, 248 ragtime, 362–363

Index 517

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 517 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM revolts and rebellions, 73–74. rock and roll, 380–381 sanctioning slavery, 42–44 See also specific revolts and Rolfe, John, 49–50 Sanders, Bernie, 253 rebellions Romer, Carl, 252 Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 247 Revolutionary Suicide (Newton), 208 Roof, Dylan, 244 Sanders, Tywanza, 244 Reynolds, Diamond, 245 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 160 Sandra Bland Act, 245 Rhimes, Shonda, 435 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 13, Sanford and Sons (TV show), 429 158–161 Rhode Island, 52, 60 “Sankofa,” 9 Roosevelt, Theodore, 140, 148 Rhodes Scholar, first Black, 483 satagraha, 172 Roots (Haley), 9 rhythm, in music, 266, 361 Saturday Night Live (TV Roots (TV show), 438 show), 431 Rice, Condoleezza, 18, 222 The Roots, 23 Saunders, Charles R., 326 Rice, Norm, 221 Rosa Parks (Parks), 174 Saxton, Rufus, 124–125 Rice, Tamir, 10, 243, 278 Rosewood Massacre (1923), 145 Say Her Name Rice, Thomas, 333, 351 Ross, Clyde, 28 (documentary), 245 rice plantations, 70–71 Ross, Rick, 228 Schlegel, Friedrich von, 13 Richard, Little, 17 rowing, 478 Schmoke, Kurt, 221 Richardson, George, 143 Rowland, Dick, 145 Schwerner, Michael, 192 Richardson, Willis, 341 Rucker, Holcombe, 457 Scott, Dred, 106 Richmond, David, 177–178 Rucker Park, 457 Scott, Jill, 23 The Rider of Dreams (play), 339 Rudd, Daniel, 281 Scott, MacKenzie, 304 Riggs, Marlon, 337 Rudolph, Wilma, 18, 471 Scott, Rick, 239 The Rights of the British Colonies Seale, Bobby, 199, 208–209 Asserted and Proved Ruined (play), 350 pamphlet, 86 running away, from slavery, Search of Sisterhood (Giddings), 14 Rillieux, Norbert, 71–72 79–81 Rush, Bobby, 211 A Second Visit to the United States ring shout, 265, 360 of North America (Lyell), 269 Russell, Bill, 460 riots, 140–146. See also specific Security Act, 75 roits Russell, Charles T., 282 Seitz, Collin, 166 The Rise of Gospel Blues Russwurm, John B., 93, 94 (Harris), 376 Seize the Time (Newton and Rustin, Bayard, 185, 215, 237 Seale), 209 Rivera, Geraldo, 240 Selma, Alabama, 193–194 Roberts, John G., Jr., 292 Sentencing Project, 20 Roberts, Robin, 237 S Sertima, Ivan Van, 38 Robertson, Carole, 188 Salamoni, Blane, 245 Servin, Dante, 245 Robertson, Oscar, 460 Salem, Peter, 59 Seventh-Day Adventists, 283 Robinson, Amelia Boynton, 1 Sam Sharpe Rebellion. See Baptist War The Sex Chronicles (Zane), 328 Robinson, Jackie, 18, 215, 454 Samuel DeWitt Proctor sexual assault, slavery and, 68 Robinson, Jo Ann, 175 Conference, 278 Seymour, William Joseph, 272 Robinson, June, 275 San Juan Bautista (slave ship), 49 Shakur, Afeni, 210 Robinson, Kenneth O., 275 San Lorenzo de los Negros, 47 Shakur, Assata, 211 Robinson, Sugar Ray, 465 Sanchez, Sonia, 322–323 Shanahan, Kyle, 247 Rock, Chris, 225, 417

518 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 518 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Shapiro, Thomas M., 223 slaveholders, northern, 67 Smith, Mary Louise, 174–175 sharecropping, 127–128, 290 slavery Smith, Robert, 26, 302 Sharp, Granville, 95 about, 65 Smith, Will, 3, 413 Sharpton, Al, 277 on African continent, 38–39 Smith, Willie Mae Ford, 377 Shaw, Robert Gould, 118 as an institution, 28 Smithsonian National Museum Sheftall, Beverly Guy, 219 arguing against, 87–88 of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC), Sherman, William, 31 arguing for, 88 25, 26 Sherman, William T., 125 Civil War and, 110–111 Smock, Ginger, 374 A Short Account of That Part continuation of, 105–106 smoking, 70 of Africa, Inhabited by the European, 39–40 Negroes (Benezet), 89 Snipes, Wesley, 423–424 “free” Black Americans, 81–84 Shuffle Along (musical), 340, 352 Snowfall (TV series), 227 in Latin America and soap stars, 434 Shuttlesworth, Fred, 182 Caribbean, 41–47 social paternalism, 88 Sierra Leone, 95–96 life enslaved, 44–45 Sigma Gamma Rho, 306 Society for the Relief of Free lucrative nature of, 66 Negroes, 86 Silver Bluff Baptist Church, 266 marriage, 68 Society of Friends, 86 Simmons, Daniel L., 244 northern, 66–69 Sojourner Truth (Painter), 14 Simmons, Robin Sue, 32 official abolition of, 47 Soledad Brother (Jackson), 210 Simmons, Ruth, 68 opposing, 42–44 Solomon, Job ben, 53 Simon the Cyrenian (play), 339 pre-, 11 Some Historical Account of Guinea Simpkins, Modjeska revolts and rebellions, 73–81 (Benezet), 89 Monteith, 165 sanctioning, 42–44 Some Memoirs of the Life of Job Simpson, Nicole Brown, 230 seeking freedom, 45–47 (Bluett), 53, 309 Simpson, O.J., 229, 230–231 sexual assault, 68 Song of Solomon (Morrison), 327 Singleton, Benjamin “Pap,” Songhai, 36 138–139 smoking, 70 songs and singing, 103 Singleton, John, 37, 145, southern, 69–73 227, 303 statistics on, 66 Soninke, 35 Sissle, Noble, 340 universities and, 68 Sonni Ali, 36 SisterLove Inc., 229 Slavery in the North sororities, 304–306 sit-ins, 177–178 (website), 67 soul music, 382–384 1619 Project, 27–28 Slavery’s Exiles (Diouf), 80 The Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), 146, 148, 313, 489 Sixteenth Street Baptist Slaves’ Escape (musical theater), Church, 188 335, 337 The Soul Stirrers, 377 Sklarek, Norma Merrick, 18 The Slave Community Southeastern Conference (Blassingame), 14 (SEC), 29 Slave Codes, 74–75, 122 Smalls, Robert, 130 Southern Christian Leadership Slave Culture (Stuckey), 14 Smith, Adam, 87 Conference (SCLC), 173, slave narratives, 310–311 188, 277 Smith, Bessie, 363, 365, 366 slave patrols, 112 southern churches, 268–270 Smith, James McCune, 481–482 Slave Songs of the United Southern Cross, 28–29 Smith, Lamar, 170 States, 362 southern education, Smith, Mamie, 365 slave trade, illegal, 113 287–288, 291

Index 519

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 519 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Southern Homestead Act (1876), Sugar Act (1764), 58 Technical Stuff icon, 4 125–126 sugar plantations, 71–72 Teer, Barbara Ann, 323 southern slavery, 69–73 Sula (Morrison), 327 television personality, first Southwest, 224 Sullivan’s Island, 56 Black, 484 Spanish Crown, 43 Sumanguru, 35 Ten Point Plan, 215 Special Field Order No. 15, 125 Sumner, Charles, 121 Tenkamenin, 35 “sperate but equal,” 147 Sundiata Keita, 35 Tennent, Gilbert, 263 Spingarn, Arthur, 153 The Suppression of the African Tennessee, 141 spirituals, 361–362 Slave Trade to the United tennis, 474–475 sports, 18, 449–478 States of America (Du Bois), terminology, 16 13, 301 The Sport of the Gods Terrell, Mary Church, 151, 216 The Supremes, 382 (Dunbar), 314 Terry, Lucy, 308, 309 Springfield Baptist Church, 266 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 291 texture, in music, 361 Springfield Race Riot (1908), 153 Sweat (play), 350 Tharpe, Rosetta, 274 Springfield riots (1908), 143 Sweatt v. Painter, 164 Tharpe, Sister Rosetta, 377 St. Louis Woman (musical), 345 Sweet Daddy Grace, 284 theater, 323, 331–351 Stamp Act (1765), 58 swimming, 478 Their Eyes Were Watching God Stamped from the Beginning (Hurston), 318, 490 swing jazz, 369 (Kendi), 22 Theron, Charlize, 16 Sykes, Wanda, 237, 420 Stanford, Ala, 250 They Came Before Columbus Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 130 Symoné, Raven, 237 (Sertima), 38 Staupers, Mabel K., 161 systemic racism, 22 The Third Life of Grange Copeland Sterling, Alton, 245 (Walker), 324 Stevens, Thaddeus, 12, 122 Thirteenth Amendment, 100, T 119–120, 147 Stevenson, Bryan, 22, 25, 27 Talbert, David E., 346 Thomas, Angie, 329 Stewart, Henry, 141 Talented Tenth, 149 Thomas, Clarence, 218 Stewart, Maria W., 217, 311 Talley, Leon, 237 Thompson, Allen C., 184 Still, William, 101 Tallmadge, James, 98 Thompson, Garland Lee, 344 Stokes, Carl B., 220 Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 495 Thompson, Jacqueline, 275 Stokes, Carrie, 166 tap dance, 352–353 Thompson, Myra, 244 Stokes, Louis, 220 Tappan, Arthur, 296 Thoreau, Henry David, 172 Stono Rebellion, 75, 287 task system, 70 Thurman, Wallace, 319, 341 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 104, 333 Taylor, Breonna, 1, 10, 18, 21, Tilden, Samuel, 133 A Street in Bronzeville 234, 251–252 (Brooks), 485 Till, Emmett, 14–15, 169– Taylor, Elizabeth, 37 171, 238 The Strength of Gideon and Other Taylor, George Edwin, 221 Stories (Dunbar), 314 Till, Mamie, 170 Taylor, Henry, 55 Stringer, Vickie, 328 Tillmon, Johnnie, 217 Taylor, Ivy, 247–248 Stuckey, Sterling, 14 Timbuktu, 36 Taylor, John “Doc,” 471 Student Nonviolent Time Warner, 224 Coordinating Committee Taylor, Major, 18 Tindley, Charles, 376 (SNCC), 15, 25, 177–178, Taylor, Ollie, 247–248 Tlaib, Rashida, 248–249 179, 200–201 teacher’s college, 297

520 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 520 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM TLC Beatrice, 225 Ture, Kwame. See Carmichael, United States v. Reese, 133, 146 To Make Our World Anew Stokely Universal Negro Improvement (Kelley), 14 Turner, Benjamin, 130 Association (UNIA), tobacco plantations, 70, 71 Turner, Henry McNeil, 265 22–23, 156 Toll, Robert, 334 Turner, Ike, 17 universities, 68 Tolsey, Alexander, 53 Turner, Nat, 78–79, 90 university funding, 238 Tolton, Augustus, 281 Tuskegee Airmen, 161 The Untold Story of Emmett Till (documentary), 171 Tometi, Opal, 22 TV, 427–447 Up from Slavery (Washington), Toomer, Jean, 317 Twain, Mark, 16 313, 488–489 Torrence, Ridgely, 338–339 Twelve Years a Slave urban blues, 365 (Northrup), 92 Towns, William, 252 U.S. Bureau of Colored Townshend Act (1767), 58 12 Million Black Voices Troops, 116 (Wright), 320 track and field, 470–474 U.S. Capitol riot, 256–258 Twenty-Fourth Amendment, 195 tragic mulatto, 312 U.S. Colored Troops, 116–117 Tyler Perry Studios, 446–447 Trail of Tears, 126 Tyson, Cicely, 422 transatlantic slave trade, 38–41, 66 Tyson, Mike, 466 V Travis, Joseph, 78 vaccines, 250 Treasurer (slave ship), U Van Dyke, Jason, 243 49–50 Van Vechten, Carl, 318 Uncle Tom’s Cabin (play), 337 Treaty of 1866, 126 Vance, Courtney B., 231 Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479), 39 104, 333 Vance, Ethel Lee, 244 Triangular Trade, 51–52 Uncle Tom’s Children Vann, Robert L., 159–160 A Trip to Coontown (musical), 336 (Wright), 320 Varick, James, 268 Trotter, William Monroe, 149, Underground Railroad, 12, 79, Vashon, George Boyer, 296 152, 153 98–103 Vaughan, Sarah, 372 True Colors Theater The Underground Railroad, 101 Vaughan, William R., 31 Company, 348 The Under-ground Railroad Vermont, 96 True to the Game (Woods), 328 (Mitchell), 101 Vesey, Denmark, 76–77 Truman, Harry S., 160, 214 unemployment, cocaine and, Viacom, 224 Trump, Donald J., 23, 233, 238, 226–227 245–251, 253–258, 273, Union, Gabrielle, 237 Vietnam, 214–215 278–279, 294–295, 303 Union soldiers, 112, 116–118 Virginia Slave Codes (1705), 51 Truth, Sojourner, 89, 217, 268, United Nations Educational, visual artists, 493–500 274, 311 Scientific, and Cultural Vivian, C.T., 256 Tubman, Harriet, 79, 89, Organization (UNESCO), 36 vocality, 360 101–102, 268 United Negro College Fund volleyball, 478 Tucker, Chris, 9, 418 (UNCF), 302 voting, in Mississippi, Tucker-Worgs, Tamelyn, 273 United States National Slavery 190–193 Museum, 26 Tulsa Massacre (1921), 1, 145 Voting Rights Act (1965), Tupac, 391 United States v. Cruikshank, 195–196, 219 133, 146

Index 521

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 521 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM W Watchmen (TV show), 1 Whipple, Prince, 60 Waters, Ethel, 484 White, Deborah Gray, 219 Wade, Dwayne, 237 Waters, Maxine, 248 White, Paula, 273 Wade, Richard C., 77 Waters, Muddy, 366–367 White, Viola, 174 Wade, Zaya, 237 Waters, Vincent, 282 White, Walter, 143 Waite, Morrison Remick “Mott,” 133 Watkins, Frances Ellen, 217 White Citizens’ Council (WCC), 169, 188 Waiting to Exhale (McMillan), 328 Watts riots, 201–202 White Lion (slave ship), 49 Walk Together Chilun (play), 343 “We Wear the Mask” (poem), 148 white supremacist groups, 122 Walker, A’Lelia, 318 wealth inequalities, 20 Whitefield, George, 263 Walker, Alice, 17, 24, 219, 318, The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 87 324–325, 492 Weaver, Karen, 247–248 Whitney Plantation Historic District, 24 Walker, David, 16, 90, 106 W.E.B. Du Bois (Lewis), 14 Who Killed Malcolm X Walker, George, 336–337 W.E.B. Du Bois, 1919-1963 (docuseries), 199 (Lewis), 14 Walker, Madam C.J., 152, Why Should White Guys Have All 225, 318 Webb, Frank J., 312 the Fun? (Lewis), 225 Walker, Wyatt Tee, 182, 188 Webb, Gary, 228 Wilberforce, William, 296 Walker’s Appeal (Walker), 90, 106 Webb, Wellington, 222 Wilberforce University, 296 Wall, O.S.B., 118 Weber, Carl, 328 Wild Seed (Butler), 326 Wall Street Project, 223 Webster (TV show), 430 Wilder, Douglas, 26, 129 Wallace, George, 184 Weeksville Heritage Center, 25 Wilentz, Sean, 27 Walling, William English, 153 Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 13, 140, Wilkins, Roy, 185 141, 216 Walls, Josiah T., 130 William Johnson’s Natchez, 83 Wesley, Charles H., 14 Walters, Lemuel, 144 Williams, Bert, 336–337 Wesley, Cynthia, 188 Wanderer (ship), 105 Williams, Brian, 235 Wesley, John, 89, 267–268, 270 War of 1812, 95 Williams, George Ward, Clara, 377 West, Ben, 178 Washington, 13 Ward, Douglas Turner, 344 West, Dorothy, 319, 325 Williams, Hosea, 194 Ward, Jesmyn, 27 West, Kanye, 232 Williams, Myrlie Evers, 184 Ward, Val Gray, 323 West Virginia, 110 Williams, Spencer, 398 Warmoth, Henry C., 129 Wheatley, Philip, 17 Williams, Venus and Serena, Warnock, Raphael, 256, 257, 277 Wheatley, Phillis, 309 18, 475 Warren, Lovely, 247–248 When and Where I Enter Williams, William F. “Bill,” (Giddings), 14 225–226 Washington, Booker T., 19, 147, 148, 150, 151, 222, 299–300, When Harlem Was in Vogue Williamson, Ansel, 482 301, 313, 488–489 (Lewis), 14 Willkins, Roy, 200–201 Washington, Denzel, 3, 422–423 When the Levees Broke Willmott, Kevin, 144 (docuseries), 232 Washington, George, 58, 59, 97 Wilmington Massacre (1898), Where Do We Go From Here 141–142 Washington, Harold, 2, 219 (King), 258 Wilmington’s Lie (Zucchino), 257 Washington, Sarah Spencer, 225 Whiney, Eli, 71 Washington, Walter, 221 Wilmot Proviso, 103

522 Black American History For Dummies

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 522 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM Wilson, August, 346–347, 348 HIV/AIDS and, 229 X Wilson, Charlie, 329 in the Negro Leagues, 451 Xenogenesis (Butler), 326 Wilson, Darren, 21, 242 rap and, 390–392 Wilson, Deborah, 212 women’s rights, 213, 216–219 Wilson, Harriet E., 312, 325 The Women of Brewster Place Y Wilson, Lionel, 221 (Naylor), 324 Yale University, 68 Wilson, Phil, 229 Woods, Teri, 328 Yanga, 47 The Winans, 378 Woods, Tiger, 18, 476 Yerby, Frank, 321 Winfrey, Oprah, 9, 19, 21, 26, Woodson, Carter G, 317, Yoon, Nicola, 329 489–490 444–445 Young, Andrew, 221 Woodson, Carter G., 1, 10, 13–14 Wings for This Man (film), 161 Young, Coleman, 221 Woodson, Jacqueline, 27, 329 winter sports, 477 Young, Kevin, 472 Woolman, John, 60 Winthrop, George, 67 Young, Whitney, Jr., 185, 201 work contract agreements, 127 Witherspoon, Evelyn, 143 Young Jeezy, 235 The Wiz (musical), 345 Works Progress Administration (WPA), Young Men’s Christian WNBA, 463–464 126, 160 Association (YMCA), 156 Wofford, Harris, 179 World War II, 161 Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 156 Wolfe, George C., 331, 347–348 The World and Africa, 37 womanism, 219, 325 Wright, Jeremiah, 235 women Wright, Mose, 170 Z in basketball, 462–464 Wright, Richard, 17, 319, Zeta Phi Beta, 306 Black comedians, 434–435 320, 490 Ziegfeld Follies, 336–337, 352 Black literature and, 324–327 Wright, Silas P., 142 Zimmerman, George, 22, in the church, 274–275 Wright, Simeon, 170 239–240 film directors, 411–412 Wu-Tang’s Method Man, 414 Zucchino, David, 257 film roles for, 396 Wyche, Steve, 246

Index 523

32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 523 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM 32_9781119780854-bindex.indd 524 Trim size: 7.375 in × 9.25 in April 7, 2021 2:23 PM