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Chapter 8 Austin Memorial Park Cemetery

Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was established in 1927. This chapter contains a historical narrative of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery’s development, an examination of its historic integrity and significance, a discussion of existing conditions observed in the cemetery during the master plan team’s site evaluations, specific treatment recommendations, and a list of potential projects with cost estimates. IN THIS CHAPTER This chapter should be used in conjunction with the General Management Guidelines presented in Chapter Three. The General Management Guidelines include treatment recommendations Historical Overview ...... 340 that apply to all five historic city cemeteries; this chapter provides additional detail specific to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery. Historically Significant Persons ...... 347

Existing Conditions ...... 355

Significance ...... 399

Treatment Recommendations . 404

Prioritized Project List and Estimates of Probable CostS . . 415

Planting Plan ...... 417

Site Plans ...... 420 CITY OF AUSTIN

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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is a lawn cemetery in northwest Austin, near the intersection of FM 2222 and MoPac Boulevard. Its address at 2800 Hancock Drive places the cemetery in the Allandale neighborhood. Nearby neighborhood associations include the Allandale, Rosedale, and Highland Park West/Balcones Area.

Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was established in 1927 by a private company, also called Austin Memorial Park. The corporation was created on August 17, 1927, for the purpose of maintaining a public cemetery and crematory. The corporation was made up of eight directors: F. W. Sternenberg, J. T. (Jack) Bowman, John A. Gracy, Charles Rosner, E. P. Cravens, D. K. Woodward Jr., and D. C. Read, all Figure 427. Map showing location of Austin, and W. H. Chambers of San Antonio. Bowman and his wife of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery Gladys conveyed 112.75 acres of land to the corporation for $10 “and and the other four city-owned other good and valuable consideration;”166 the articles of incorporation cemeteries in Austin, Texas (McDoux then valued the land at $40,000 and established that each director, Preservation) sharing equally as owners, had therefore contributed $5,000 each for their interest in the land, in return for an equal amount of capital stock in the corporation.

The land on which the cemetery was established was made up of portions of the George W. Spear League and the Daniel J. Gilbert and James P. Davis Surveys; in 1891, it was owned by a John Hancock.167 The tract168 was originally bounded by the Austin-Burnet Road (now Hancock Drive) to the south, Shoal Creek to the east, and the International and Great Northern (I&GN) Railroad tracks to the west. The original northern boundary remains, marked by Ranch to Market Road 2222; the section of that road abutting the cemetery is now known as Northland Drive. The I&GN Railroad was later acquired by 166. Deed of sale, Travis County the Missouri Pacific Railroad, and Austinites refer to both the railroad Property Records, volume 407, page 16. line and the highway built next to it (State Highway Loop 1, aka the MoPac Expressway) as “MoPac.” even though the Missouri Pacific 167. Reconnaissance-Level Survey Railroad was acquired by Union Pacific Railroad at the end of the NRHP-Evaluations, Loop 1 (MoPac): twentieth century. FM 734 (Parmer Lane) to the Cesar Chavez Street Interchange, Austin, The cemetery was platted beginning in 1928.169 The first parts of the Travis County, Texas, CSJ No. 3136- cemetery to be subdivided were the eastern portion of Block 1 and all 01-107, prepared for the Texas of Blocks 2 and 3, on June 13, 1928; the western remainder of Block Department of Transportation by 1 was platted on March 13, 1970. These three sections are closest to Hardy-Heck-Moore, Inc., 2011, the entrance. The first person to be buried at Austin Memorial Park 4-27. Cemetery was a farmer from Pflugerville named M. A. Hanna, on April 168. Cause No. 41,120: Bertha Ganss 170 25, 1928. Part of Block 8 was subdivided on December 3, 1953, and vs. J. Carter Fiset, District Court contains many burials from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. of Travis County, Texas, 53rd Judicial District.

169. Travis County Plat Records, volume 3, 141, 166.

170. MoPac survey, 4-27. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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A combination superintendent’s cottage and chapel were built near the entrance, along with an octagonal “service tower.” The entrance buildings were designed by architect W. H. Chambers of San Antonio, who was also one of the directors of the cemetery corporation. Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was modeled after San Antonio’s Mission Burial Park, which opened in 1907 as Texas’ first perpetual care cemetery (now Mission Burial Park South) and was also designed by W. H. Chambers.

Figure 428. Plat map of first sections of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery to be platted, in 1928 (City of Austin)

Figure 429. Plat map of western side of Section 1, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, platted in 1930. The eastern limit of delineated plats matches the western edge of the plats on Figure 428 above.(City of Austin) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Cottage/chapel construction began in 1927 and was completed in 1928. The cottage/chapel was divided into two wings for the different functions. A freestanding rock wall extended from the service tower west along Hancock Drive and another extended southward from the residence/chapel. This entryway was marked by a lichgate, a traditional Anglo-Saxon ceremonial entrance topped by an overhead arch containing the name of the cemetery,171 although a historic photo appears to show the name sign hanging like a banner (in a concave orientation) rather than an arch. Three acres of the cemetery were dedicated for roads and pathways (originally unpaved) in 1930. Figure 430. Entrance to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, undated Except for a short section at the entrance, the cemetery’s south photograph, showing service tower boundary rock wall is no longer extant, perhaps having been removed to the left of the gate and chapel/ when the Austin-Burnet Road was formalized as Hancock Drive, and cottage to the right (Austin History paved.172 The cemetery gate’s overhead sign also is no longer extant, Center) possibly removed in order to allow access by dump trucks or other tall vehicles. The service tower currently contains a restroom.

The original landscape for Austin Memorial Park Cemetery included a sunken garden and plantings around the buildings. At some point, the sunken garden was filled in and, in 1976, a small flower bed with flagpole was placed in that location to commemorate the American Bicentennial.173

Between 1928–1941, the corporation sold all or part of several hundred lots, including one acre of land near the Hancock Drive-MoPac corner of the cemetery, purchased by the Agudas Achim synagogue on May 16, 1934.174 The congregation was allowed, in its purchase agreement, to plant trees or shrubs around the perimeter of the tract. The city, Figure 431. Entrance to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery prior to for its part, agreed that, within a year, it would extend the rock wall landscaping, undated photograph to the west end of the Jewish cemetery and provide an opening in the (Austin History Center) wall, which the congregation could enclose with a “monumental gate” with the name of the organization. Additional rules were stipulated regarding burials, plantings, markers, and grave ornamentation.175

In 1941, the Austin Memorial Park organization sold the tract that 171. Jordan, 38.

172. Mo-Pac survey, 4-29.

173. Ibid.

174. The deed recording the City’s purchase of the cemetery grounds erroneously reports the purchase date of the Agudas Achim cemetery property as August 1, 1933; the deed for that purchase, however, is dated May 16, 1934. Figure 433. Austin Memorial Park Figure 432. Sunken garden at Cemetery entrance as it appeared in 175. Deed of sale, Travis County Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, 1941 (Austin History Center) Property Records, Vol. 503, 337– undated photograph (Historic 342. American Buildings Survey) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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included the cemetery to the City of Austin for $56,000.176 Austin Mayor Tom Miller was quoted as saying that the corporation had sold only seven acres of plots at the time of the sale, and that the City Engineer, James Motheral, estimated that as many as 100,000 single graves could be fit into the remaining 105.5 acres.177 Most of the lots that had been sold at that time were in Block 1, with 24 lots sold in Block 2, 13 lots in Block 3, one lot each in Blocks 4 and 5, 12 lots in Block 7, and a few partial or full lots in Block 9.178

At the time of its purchase, the tract was located outside the city limits, but on October 16, 1941, the City passed an ordinance annexing the tract of land containing Austin Memorial Park Cemetery as well as Figure 435. Map of Austin Memorial several additional tracts of land.179 Park Cemetery, as it appeared in 1941 (map provided by Sharon Over the years, pieces of the original tract have been transferred for Blythe) other purposes. In 1954, the City designated 23/4 acres of land for an electric substation. A proposal in February 1955 to use some of the cemetery land for a park was scuttled, after objections from the public.180 Austin City Council, in April 1956, approved the use of 0.751 acres of land along the northern boundary of the cemetery for the widening of Northland Drive.181

In 1963, the City sold a three-acre portion of the tract at the southwest corner of Northland Drive and MoPac to the Covenant Presbyterian Church, for the construction of its first sanctuary, now known as Eaton Hall. The church bought another two acres in 1969. In 1965, the Suburban Alcoholic Foundation purchased five acres for the construction of their building.

176. Deed of sale, Travis County Property Records, Vol. 675, 133.

177. “Compromise on price worked out,” Austin Statesman (Austin, Texas), Friday, April 4, 1941, page 13.

178. Deed of sale, Travis County Property Records, Vol. 675, 133– 137.

179. City of Austin Ordinance , October 16, 1941. Figure 434. Undated map of Austin Memorial Park 180. Minutes, regular meeting of the Cemetery (City of Austin) Austin City Council, February 24, 1955.

181. City of Austin resolution, dated April 19, 1956. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Between February 1969 and November 1975, the construction of the MoPac Expressway began with the section from RM 2244 (Bee Cave Road) to RM 2222 (Northland Drive), adjacent to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, which involved the replatting of Block 9A. The most recent reduction in the area of the cemetery occurred when the City transferred eight acres of cemetery land at the corner of Northland Drive and MoPac for the construction of the Northwest Recreation Center in 1978.

A proposal in 1966 to construct a chain link fence and gates on the north side of the cemetery, was met with some concern from citizens who were afraid that the stone wall at the south entrance might be replaced; their fears were later realized.

In 1991, a group of citizens formed a nonprofit organization called “Rescue Austin Memorial Park” (aka Austin RAMP) to preserve the current boundaries of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery. Led by a steering committee of eleven citizens who own cemetery plots, Austin RAMPinitially was formed to be a voice in opposing the sale of cemetery land to the adjacent Covenant Presbyterian Church and has continued to speak out against the sale of land, as well as the use of land within the cemetery’s boundaries for non-cemetery- related purposes. In 2008, Austin RAMP successfully nominated Austin Memorial Park Cemetery to the Texas Historical Commission’s Historic Texas Cemeteries program. The organization continues to advocate for the preservation of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery.

In 2004–2005, Block 14 was dedicated as the Temple Beth Shalom Memorial Cemetery. Jewish tradition requires that Jewish cemeteries are physically separated from other burials, generally by a fence; however, since fences are prohibited within Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, trees and shrubs are used to create the boundary around the Jewish cemeteries within the larger one.

Today, large sections of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery remain undeveloped and available for future use. Using only the current in-ground burial options, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery has approximately 30 acres of undeveloped (unplatted) land available to be platted for burials. Not all land within the cemetery can or should be used for burials; for example, some land already has been reserved for potential roadways, in order to serve those as-yet-undeveloped sections. At the current rate of sales, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery would not run out of space for in-ground burials until 2070. Additional cremation-related interment options, such as a columbarium and/or scatter garden, could significantly extend the cemetery’s interment capacity. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 436. Map of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery showing the sections removed from the original during the 1950s and 1960s (City of Austin)

Figure 437. Plat map of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery as it appeared in 1956 (City of Austin) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 438. Photograph of the entrance to Austin Figure 441. Historic service tower at Austin Memorial Memorial Park Cemetery as it appears today (Google) Park Cemetery, camera facing southwest (John Milner Associates)

Figure 439. Historic cottage and chapel buildings at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, camera facing northeast (John Milner Associates)

Figure 440. Historic cottage and chapel buildings at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, camera facing southwest (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT PERSONS This list of historically significant persons is intended to be as inclusive as possible, given the availability of existing information. This project’s scope and budget did not include extensive primary research. As a result, it is limited to those people for whom biographical information had been developed in the past. The master plan team recognizes that the historical record is not equitable and often has excluded non-white/Anglo people and women. This makes it impossible, within the constraints of this project, to adequately recognize people who may have been important community leaders or noteworthy for any number of reasons. This list of historically significant persons, therefore, is likely incomplete. Should additional information be developed in the future, consider making it available in the same location where this plan is published.

The following information was compiled from information provided in the Texas State Historical Association’s Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook), except where noted. Statesmen and Elected Officials John Tibaut Bowman (1883–1937), private secretary to Texas Governor Oscar B. Colquitt; Texas secretary of state (briefly); banker, first president, Texas Investment Bankers Association

Dan H. Davidson (1934–2007), municipal manager; city planner, San Antonio, 1959–1961; deputy city manager, St. Petersburg, Florida, 1961–1969; deputy city manager, Austin, 1969–1972; Austin city manager, 1972–1981; president, Rotary Club of Austin; president, Boy Scouts Capitol Area Council; director, Austin Chamber of Commerce182

Robert Christian “Bob” Eckhardt (1913–2001), attorney; southwestern director, Office of Inter-American Affairs; Texas House of Representatives, 1958–1966; U.S. House of Representatives, 1966– 1980183

Jeffrey Mark Friedman (1945–2007), attorney; at 26 years old, youngest person ever elected to Austin City Council, 1971–1975; also became the youngest mayor in city history, 1975–1977 182. Dan H. Davidson obituary, http:// www.tributes.com/show/Dan-H.- Richard Gritz (1877–1959), Willliamson County judge, 1910–1918; Davidson-88612444. Commission of Appeals, Supreme Court of Texas, 1927-1935; 183. “Guide to the Robert C. Eckhardt Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Texas, 1935-1945 Papers, 1931–1992,” Briscoe Center for American History, John Howard Winters (1901–1966), county commissioner, University of Texas at Austin, Potter County, 1937–1943; president, Texas County Judges and http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/ Commissioners Association, 1941–1942; executive director, utcah/00263/cah-00263.html. commissioner, State Department of Public Welfare, 1943–1966; president, American Public Welfare Association CITY OF AUSTIN

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Educators Walter Scott Adkins (1890–1956), geologist, author; professor of geology; first paleontologist to hold a John Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship; chief stratigrapher and head of special problems research group, Shell Development Company, 1934–1950

Irl Leslie Allison, Sr. (1896–1979), pianist, music educator; dean of music, Rusk College, 1918–1919; dean of fine arts, Montezuma College, 1923–1927; dean of music, Hardin-Simmons University, 1927–1934; founder, National Guild of Piano Teachers, as well as the American College of Musicians and National Fraternity of Student Musicians; initiated and promoted the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition; as a gardener, developed Austin’s Azalea Trail

Dr. Ima Christina Barlow (1899–1990), professor of European history, West Texas State Teachers College (now West Texas A&M University); Texas historian

James Colvin (1914–2002), university administrator; USAAF captain in World War II; business manager, 1961–1967; vice president of business affairs, 1967–1980; senior vice president, 1980–1985; all at the University of Texas; president, Texas Association of State Senior College and University Business Officers, 1973184

Dr. Alonzo Bettis Cox (1884–1968), professor of cotton marketing, University of Texas, 1926–1957; taught at Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University), 1920–1922; head of cotton marketing research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1922– 1923; agricultural economist, USDA, 1924–1925; founder, director, UT Bureau of Business Research, 1927–1942; permanent supervisor, Texas Cotton Research Committee (now UT Natural Fibers Information Center); organized and chaired Texas Cotton Committee; national authority on and advisor to cotton industry

Joseph H. Culver. Sr. (1932–2012), Colonel, U.S. Army (retired); personnel director, University of Texas at Austin; vice president, development, University of Texas System; instructor, UT McCombs School of Business; UT Teacher of the Year Award, 1995185

Dr. Caroline Crowell (1893–1972), chemist, physician; staff physician, University of Texas Student Health Center, 1926–1965

Dr. Frederick Eby (1874–1968), professor and chair, department of history and philosophy of education, University of Texas, 1909–1957; author, particularly of books on education and Christianity; known as 184. “Campus Briefs,” The Alcalde, “the father of the Texas junior college movement” May/June 1982, page 34.

Frank Erwin, Jr. (1920–1980), policitian, attorney; chairman, University 185. Joseph H. Culver, Sr., obituary, of Texas Board of Regents, 1963–1971 Austin Statesman, http://www. legacy.com/obituaries/statesman/ obituary.aspx?pid=157853135. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Byron Fullerton (1922–2011), teacher, lawyer, politician; high school physical education teacher; Texas assistant attorney general; dean, University of Texas Law School, 1963–1981; dean, Texas Tech University Law School, 1981–1985; artist and art collector186

Herman A. Glass (1890–1963), Texas director of textbooks, 1938–1960; charter member, secretary, and president, National Association of Textbook Directors

Norman Hackerman (1912–2007), chemist; president, University of Texas at Austin, 1967–1970; president, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1970–1985; chemistry professor, University of Texas at Austin, 1985–2007; appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the National Science Board, 1968; served as chair of that Board, 1974–1980; National Medal of Science, 1993187

Ira Polk Hildebrand (1876–1944), attorney; law professor, University of Texas; dean, UT Law School; established legal aid clinic

Robert Adger Law (1879–1961), professor of English, University of Texas, 1911–1957; scholar of Shakespeare and Elizabethan literature; editor, Texas Review (later Southwest Review), 1915–1924

Dr. Herschel Thurman Manuel (1887–1976), professor of educational psychology, University of Texas; supervisor, UT freshman testing program, later helped to establish the university Testing and Guidance Bureau (later the Measurement and Evaluation Center); advocate for the education of Spanish-speaking children in Texas; president, Guidance Testing Associates, 1962–1975

Dr. Edmond Thornton Miller (1878–1952), professor of economics, University of Texas, 1904–1952; expert on Texas financial history and United States currency

Dr. Ira Lon Morgan (1926–2005), physicist, entrepreneur; professor of physics, University of Texas, 1966–1976; assistant director, UT Nuclear Physics Research Lab; director, UT Center for Nuclear Studies; adjunct professor, assistant to the vice president of research, University of North Texas, 1987–1997; founded or co-founded numerous business enterprises to develop scientific products and services for industry, medicine, and the U.S. space flight program; 13 patents for nuclear apparatus; president, Austin Chamber of Commerce, 1967 186. “In Memoriam: Byron Fullerton,” University of Texas, Dr. Harry Estill Moore (1897–1966), sociologist; professor of sociology, http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/ University of Texas, 1937–1966; specialist in disaster studies; editor, council/2012-2013/memorials/ Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 1956–1966 fullerton.html. Arno “Shorty” Nowotny (1899–1982), University of Texas dean of men, 187. Dennis Hevesi, “Norman dean of student life, 1942–1964 Hackerman, 95, Chemist and Former University President, Is Dr. Theophilus Shickel Painter (1889–1969), professor of zoology, Dead,” New York Times, June 23, University of Texas, 1921–1944, 1952–1966; University president, 2007. 1944–1952 CITY OF AUSTIN

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Dr. Harry Hunt Ransom (1908–1976), long-time University of Texas educator and administrator: instructor and professor, English department, 1935–1951; assistant dean and associate dean, Graduate School, 1951–1954; dean, School of Arts and Sciences, 1954-1957; vice president/provost, 1957–1960; president, 1961; chancellor, UT System, 1961–1971; chancellor emeritus; significantly expanded the University libraries, including special collections now housed in the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center

Dr. Zachary Thomson Scott (1880–1964), physician; as a medical student, rescued patients during the 1900 hurricane in Galveston; in Austin, established Austin Sanitarium with Thomas J. Bennett; lieutenant commander, U.S. Navy, during World War I; in practice at Scott-Gregg Clinic with Frank C. Gregg, 1923–1947; after retirement, became a cattleman and developed San Gerford breed

Dr. Robert Lee Sutherland (1903–1976), sociologist; professor of sociology, Bucknell University; professor of sociology, University of Texas; first director, later president and president emeritus, Hogg Foundation for Mental Hygiene (later Mental Health), 1940–1974

Thomas Ulvan Taylor (1858–1941), professor of engineering and first dean of the engineering school, University of Texas, later dean and professor emeritus; first state hydrographic engineer, United States Geological Survey, 1897–1912; elected first member, Texas Society of Professional Engineers; author of many books on engineering and Texas history

Paul Jennings Thompson (1890–1964), professor of journalism, department chair, University of Texas, 1927–1959; co-founder, president, Southwest Journalism Congress; as national president, American Association of Schools and Departments of Journalism, helped to design the national accreditation program in journalism education; established summer internship program at Texas newspapers for journalism students and scholarship program

Harry Shultz Vandiver (1882–1973), internationally renowned mathematician, despite not having graduated from high school or attended college, with the exception of some graduate courses; professor of mathematics and astronomy, University of Texas, 1924– 1966; leading scholar, history of mathematics

Dr. Glenn Welsch (1915–2004), professor emeritus of accounting, University of Texas, 1952–1985; awarded the first professorship of accounting at UT; president, American Accounting Association188

188. “Dr. Glenn Welsch, professor emeritus of accounting, passes away,” UT News, October 29, 2004, http://news.utexas. edu/2004/10/29/nr_business HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Authors and Journalists Curtis Kent Bishop (1912–1967), author and journalist; wrote for the Austin American-Statesman, Texas General Land Office, and numerous magazines; authored books on various topics, including sports and history, and under several pen names; at least six of his Western novels were adapted for motion pictures

Dr. Jean MacMullen Holloway (1911–1984), writer, attorney; youngest person to pass the Texas bar, at age 19; in practice with her husband, Sterling Holloway, from 1930–1976; licensed pilot who, during World War II, served at the Army Air Force Training Center in Fort Worth as assistant to Jacqueline Cochran, head of the Women’s Air Force Service Pilots (WASPs); first editor, University of Texas Press; founding member of the Austin Commission on Human Relations

Carole Kent Kneeland (1948–1998), journalist; Texas State Capitol reporter, WFAA-TV, Dallas; news director and vice president of news, KVUE-TV, Austin

James A. Michener (ca. 1907–1997), author; won the Pulitzer Prize for his first book, Tales of the South Pacific, which was later adapted for Broadway by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein as South Pacific; famous for writing best-selling novels that wove stories of multi-generational families into detailed accounts of historical events189

Lucie Clift Price (1900–1983), historian and genealogist

Gordon Kent Shearer (1880–1971), journalist; after writing for newspapers around Texas, served as Austin bureau chief, United Press, 1927–1947; historian and research director, State Parks Board, 1947–1961

Hart Stilwell (1902–1975), author, journalist, and poet

Joe Austell Small, Sr. (1914–1994), writer and magazine publisher, particularly of Western Americana; published Western Sportsman, True West, Frontier Times, Old West, and others for more than 30 years

Edmunds Travis (1890–1971), journalist, newspaperman; worked as a reporter or editor for newspapers in Austin and Houston throughout his career; reporter/editor, Austin Statesman, 1916–1925, and owner, 1922–1925

Paul Louis Wakefield (1895–1961), journalist; wrote for United Press in Paris and New York, the Houston Chronicle, New York World, and New York Herald-Tribune; served as an enlisted man in the U.S. Army, and 189. Albin Krebs, “James Michener, later as an officer in the Texas National Guard, last ranked as major Author of Novels That Sweep general; state director of selective service, 1949–1955; served as staff Through the History of Places, is to two Texas governors, as well as U.S. Vice President John “Cactus Dead,” New York Times, October 17, 1997. Jack” Garner and Houston businessman Jesse Jones CITY OF AUSTIN

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Religious Leaders Edmund Heinsohn (1888–1989), attorney; trustee, Southwestern University, Georgetown, 1931–1959; chair, board of trustees, Huston- Tillotson College; Methodist minister who worked to end segregation in the Methodist Church and at the University of Texas

Oscar Blake Smith (1902–1973), clergyman, civil rights leader, lecturer, author; pastor, University Baptist Church, 1943–1969; radio host, “Religion in Life,” a weekly program that aired for 14 years on KTBC; president, Austin Ministers Alliance; president, Council on Religion, University of Texas at Austin; chairman, Austin Human Relations Committee Actors Tito Goya (born Andrew Butler, 1952–1985), television and movie actor190

Richard LeParmentier (1947–2013), television and movie actor, best known for his role in Star Wars as Admiral Motti, who is choked by Darth Vader using “The Force”191

Zachary Thomson Scott, Jr. (1914–1965), theater, television, and movie actor; Academy Award nomination, 1945 Law Enforcement Francis Augustus “Frank” Hamer (1884–1955), Texas Ranger, 1906– 1932; as special investigator for the Texas prison system, captured and 190. “Tito Goya, 33: Tough Guy in killed Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow in 1934 Films and Real Life,” Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1985, http:// articles.latimes.com/1985-12-08/ Philanthropists and Community Leaders sports/sp-15066_1_tito-goya. Charles Sanford Eskridge, Jr. (1937–1984), journalist; public 191. “Richard LeParmentier, Star information specialist; activist for accessibility and other rights for Wars actor, dies at 66”, New people with disabilities York Daily News via Reuters, http://www.nydailynews. Willie I. Korcurek (1910–2009), civic leader, businessman, attorney; com/entertainment/richard- owner, Willie Kocurek Co., 1934–1977; oldest person to graduate from leparmentier-star-wars-actor- University of Texas Law School, at age 69, in 1980; practiced law for dies-66-article-1.1319157. 22 years; member, Austin school board, 10 years (four as president); 192. Willie Kocurek obituary, Austin president, Texas Association of School Boards; director, National Statesman, http://www.legacy. Association of School Boards; numerous awards included Austin Young com/obituaries/statesman/ Man of the Year, 1941; Austin Most Worthy Citizen, 1980; Austinite of obituary.aspx?pid=122129445. the Year (with his son Neal), 1990; “Texas Hero For Children,” 1996; member, leader, and volunteer for many civic organizations192 193. “James Michener’s Wife Dies,” New York Times, September Mari Yoriko Sabusawa Michener (1920–1994), art collector; 27, 1994, http://www.nytimes. philanthropist, helped to direct more than $100 million in donations by com/1994/09/27/obituaries/james- her husband, the author James Michener193 michener-s-wife-dies.html. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Athletic Figures Hubert (“Hub”) Bechtol (1926–2004), football player; Little All- American, Texas Tech University, 1943; All-American, University of Texas, 1944, 1945, 1946; U.S. Navy College Training Program, 1944–1946; professional football player, Baltimore Colts, 1947–1951; Longhorn Hall of Fame, 1963; National College Football Hall of Fame, 1990194

L. Theodore Bellmont (1881–1967), director of athletics, also professor and director of physical training for men, University of Texas, 1913–1957; helped organize the Southwest Conference in 1914–1915; inaugural class, Longhorn Hall of Honor, 1957

Dana X. Bible (1891–1980), football coach, Texas A&M University, 1916–1929; University of Nebraska, 1929–1936; University of Texas, 1936–1946; UT athletic director, 1946–1956; charter member, National Football Hall of Fame; Texas Sports Hall of Fame; National Collegiate Football Rules Committee, 25 years

Mike Campbell (1922–1978), teacher, football coach; assistant coach and chief scout under head coach Darrell Royal, University of Texas, 1957–1967; assistant head coach, 1974–1976; “chief architect of one of the hallmark defenses in the history of college football”195

William Harold “Spot” Collins (?–?), football player; University of 194. Hubert Edwin Bechtol, obituary, Texas, 1941–1942 and 1946; team captain, Southwestern University, Weed-Corley-Fish Funeral Home, and Most Valuable Player, Sun Bowl, 1944; professional football player, http://wcfish.tributes.com/ Boston Yanks, 1947 (one season); head football coach, Southwestern obituary/show/Hubert-Edwin- Bechtol-57616135. University, Georgetown; U.S. Marine Corps, 1943–1945 and 1951, awarded Bronze Star for service during Korean War196 195. “Former Ole Miss, Texas Coach Dies,” Ole Miss Sports website, William John “Billy” Disch (1874–1953), professional baseball player, June 17, 1998, http://www. 1900–1907; baseball coach, St. Edward’s University, Austin, 1900–1910; olemisssports.com/sports/m- University of Texas, 1911–1940; Texas Sports Hall of Fame; inaugural footbl/spec-rel/061798aaa.html. class, Longhorn Hall of Honor, 1957; College Baseball Coaches Association Hall of Fame 196. “Football and America: The Korean War,” Pro Football Hall of Noble Doss (?–2009), football player, University of Texas, 1938–1941; Fame, http://www.profootballhof. set university records for pass interceptions in a single season and com/history/general/war/korean/ career interceptions; professional football player, Philadelphia Eagles, page2.aspx; also Southwestern 197 University Hall of Fame, http:// National Football League Champions, 1948; businessman southwesternpirates.com/general/ Bibb Augustus “Jockey” Falk (1899–1989), Major League Baseball halloffame/bios/collins_william_ harold00.html. player; baseball coach, University of Texas, 1946–1967; Longhorn Hall of Honor, 1962; College Baseball Hall of Fame; Texas Baseball Hall of 197. Bill Little, “One last train ride Fame for Noble,” February 17, 2009, University of Texas Athletics, http://www.texassports.com/ news/2009/2/17/021709aaa_ 720.aspx. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Harvey Penick (1904–1995), golfer; assistant golf pro, Austin Country Club, at age 13; head golf pro, 1923; golf coach, University of Texas, 1931–1963; president, Texas chapter, Professional Golfers Association, 1932–1934; Texas Golf Hall of Fame; Texas Sports Hall of Fame; inaugural PGA National Teacher of the Year, 1989; best-selling author, Harvey Penick’s Little Red Book

Thomas Casper “Buck” Steiner (1899-2001), cattleman and rancher; founder, Capitol Saddlery; rodeo operator; National Cowboy Hall of Fame member

John Owen “Chief” Wilson (1883–1954), professional baseball player, early 1900s; with Pittsburgh Pirates, 1908–1913, set existing record for triples in one season (36), 1912; St. Louis Cardinals, 1914–1916; San Antonio (Texas League), 1917198

198. Mark Armour, “Chief Wilson,” Society for American Baseball Research “Biography Project,” http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ ed5711f8. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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EXISTING CONDITIONS Ecological Setting Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is situated in a heavily developed suburban environment in northwest Austin. The cemetery is located at roughly 670 to 700 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). The nearest natural waterway is Shoal Creek, which forms the eastern boundary of the cemetery and drains into the Colorado River to the south (Figure 443). The 100-year floodplain of Shoal Creek parallels and partially occurs within the eastern border of the cemetery; more of the creek’s 500-year flood zone is within the cemetery boundary.

Most of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is mapped as Karst Zone 3, which includes areas that probably do not contain endangered cave fauna, and a small percentage of the site is mapped as being in Karst Zone 2, which includes areas having a high probability of suitable habitat for endangered or other endemic invertebrate cave fauna. Karst is formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks including limestone, dolomite, and gypsum, and is characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems that act as an aquifer and provide refuge for several protected vertebrate and invertebrate species. No karst features of other City-defined Critical Environmental Features (CEFs) were observed at the cemetery during recent surveys. Topography Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is set on a slope leading down to Shoal Creek to the east. From a high point of 708 feet AMSL near the northwest corner of the site, the land slopes gently down in a southeasterly direction to an elevation of about 640 feet AMSL as it falls toward the creek. No slopes above eight percent are found on the site. A slight rise occurs in the middle portion of the cemetery north of its developed area; this feature could be composed of fill material or could be a natural phenomenon (Figure 442).

A drainage swale extends off the edge of the cemetery road into the wooded area in the eastern portion of the cemetery, near the north extent of the maintenance enclosure. The swale helps to direct surface runoff into Shoal Creek. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 442. Topography of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery (Project Team)

MoPac Expressway

Figure 443. Austin Memorial Park Cemetery (Project Team) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Geology and Soils Austin Memorial Park Cemetery falls within the Eagle Ford Geological Group and Buda Limestone geological deposits, which date to the Upper Cretaceous and consist of shale and limestone. From these deposits, as well as imported soil, arise four distinct soil types, with burials present in each type (Figure 444).

The majority of the cemetery is composed of about 75 percent Tarrant soils, 20 percent urban land, and about five percent other soils. Where they are undisturbed, Tarrant soils have a surface layer of clay or clay loam about eight inches thick, underlain with limestone. Urban land- type soils are made up of a mixture of native and imported soils and other material and cannot be described unless specifically tested. Excavation activities in Tarrant soils typically require the underlying limestone to be broken by blasting or pneumatic hammers. This soil type is present in the eastern third of the cemetery.

The second soil type present at the cemetery is a combination of urban land and Austin soils (UsC), consisting of about 60 percent urban land, about 30 percent Austin soils, and 10 percent other soils. Undisturbed Austin soils have a surface layer of silty clay about 15–36 inches deep, underlain by partly weathered chalk. This soil type is present in about the center third of the cemetery.

Figure 444. Soils map, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery (Project Team) CITY OF AUSTIN

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The third soil type is comprised of about 55 percent Eddy soils, 35 percent urban land, and 10 percent other soils. Eddy soils have a shallow surface layer of gravelly loam or gravelly clay loam to a depth of about 3 inches. Below this is a 14-inch layer of gravelly loam that is about 70 percent chalk fragments, underlain by weakly cemented chalk. The underlying chalky layer is easily broken up when required for excavation activities. This soil type is present in the northwestern portion of the cemetery.

Present in smaller concentrations along the southern boundary and a portion of the northwestern boundary is a combination of about 40 percent urban land, 30 percent Austin soils, 25 percent Brackett soils, and 5 percent other soils. Brackett soils have a surface layer of about 5 to 8 inches of clay loam, underlain by soft limestone.

Of the four soil types present in Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, the two containing Austin soils are the best suited for burials, as they have deep surface layers and underlying materials that are easily broken up. The section of the cemetery containing Eddy soils is fairly well suited for burials; although it has a shallower surface layer, the underlying material is easily excavated. Portions of the cemetery exhibiting Tarrant soils are poorly suited for burials, with a very shallow surface layer and underlying material that is difficult to excavate. Cultural Setting: Previous Archeological and Historical Investigations The Texas Historical Commission’s Archeological Sites Atlas indicates that Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was first included in their records in 2004. In 2008, the cemetery was designated a Historical Texas Cemetery. It is not recorded as an archeological site. An area survey crosses into the extreme northeastern corner of the cemetery. This survey was conducted in 1985 for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Fort Worth District. No sites in the immediate vicinity were recorded during this survey. No additional archaeological sites, surveys, National Register of Historic Places-listed properties or historic districts, State Antiquities Landmarks, or historical markers are recorded within 30 meters of the cemetery boundaries. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Spatial Organization Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was established along the Austin- Burnet Road, in what was then farmland outside the growing city of Austin and adjacent to a railroad line. This context changed rapidly, particularly after World War II, and now the cemetery sits within a larger context of residential subdivisions and related small-scale retail. In 1965, the city sold around five acres to Covenant Presbyterian for the construction of a new church, which still stands at its northern edge. Then, in 1968, portions of the cemetery’s western edge were sold for the creation of the MoPac Expressway (MoPac), which was constructed atop a massive concrete wall that now visually and audibly dominates the cemetery on that side. Finally, in 1979, the city constructed the Northwest Recreation Center adjacent to the church on land that had been part of the northern reaches of the cemetery. Primary access to the site is from Hancock Drive, previously known as Austin-Burnet Road, which forms the southern boundary of the cemetery. The expressway and associated wall, the forested area along Shoal Creek to the northeast, and the chain link fence along Hancock Drive all contribute to form a sense of enclosure within the site and help to reinforce the edge of the cemetery.

Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is divided into 18 burial sections, two of which are not numbered but instead are named: Moss Section and the Congregation Agudas Achim Cemetery, sometimes identified on maps as “Jewish Memorial.” No graves are present in Section 12, and Section 14 (Temple Beth Shalom) is relatively new. A large area is set aside for future development.

The entrance to the site, located at the southeast corner of the cemetery, is comprised of a stone gateway flanked on either side by rusticated limestone buildings, all of which were constructed just prior to the opening of the cemetery in 1928. This building complex includes the recently renovated cemetery office, located in the old chapel and caretaker’s residence, and the service tower, which contains the cemetery’s original two restrooms. Another historic building, which once served as the cemetery’s office, is now used as the cemetery staff break room; the adjacent garage is still used for maintenance purposes. This building and associated sheds are screened from the rest of the site by an eight-foot wood privacy fence. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Burial sections within the cemetery are structured around a pattern of both curving and straight drives. The sections are delineated within the areas defined by the drives. Larger burial sections are divided into subsections and sometimes marked by vegetated barriers (Figure 445). Each section is identified by a metal sign displaying a number (or a number and a letter, in the case of 9A and 5B), with several exceptions: 5A Flush Monument Only, containing only ground- level grave markers; Moss Section, a very small area named after a prominent family buried there; and an area called “Jewish Memorial” in the cemetery plot plan, but more accurately known as Congregation Agudas Achim Cemetery. This cemetery was purchased in 1933 by Congregation Agudas Achim, or “Community of Brothers,” originally a Orthodox congregation that is now part of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. This section is divided from the rest of the cemetery by a hedge. In 2005, a section of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was reserved for exclusive use by Temple Beth Shalom.

Within these sections, burials are organized in well-defined rows and generally oriented to face southeast. In some instances, a family monument in the center of a family plot is oriented toward the cemetery drive for visibility. The orientation of the graves is reinforced by the planting of trees in straight lines between some rows of headstones. In some locations, groves of large live oaks form an uninterrupted canopy and create distinct spaces, especially in older sections of the cemetery (Figure 446). Circulation and Access Access to the cemetery is from Hancock Drive near its intersection with Bull Creek Road. Vehicular circulation through the cemetery is composed of both curved and straight asphalt drives, with no visible hierarchy and no identification or directional signage. These unnamed drives define the cemetery sections, which vary in shape. The drives vary in condition, with some deteriorating at the edges and exhibiting many cracks, potholes, worn areas, and mismatched patching. No formal parking is available for cemetery visitors, apart from a small parking lot serving the office, so visitors park along the side of the cemetery drives.

The formal entrance to the site on Hancock Drive is composed of a double-leaf entrance gate hung between rusticated limestone columns, which are part of the larger rock wall and building complex (see Structures, page 415). The entrance drive extends north just past the cemetery office, whereupon it splits off into three drives that then continue through the cemetery, splitting and merging with others to form the larger circulation network (Figure 447). A parking bulb-out on the east side of the drive serves the office, providing spaces for four cars and an additional universally accessible parking space (Figure 448). HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 445. Larger burial sections are sometimes Figure 446. Groves of live oak trees in the Moss subdivided by vegetation. (John Milner Associates) Section create a distinct spatial character. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 447. The gated entrance to Austin Memorial Figure 448. Parking along the entrance drive includes a Park Cemetery (John Milner Associates) universally accessible space. (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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A concrete curb and gutter lines the entrance drive to just inside the cemetery gate, where the curb material changes to a mortared rock curb that lines both sides of the drive. Historic photographs indicate that this rock curb formerly extended well into the cemetery, but it has been either removed or covered in asphalt everywhere except along the entrance drive and around the small traffic circle at the intersection of the entrance drive with three other drives. In both places, the rock curb is in poor condition, exhibiting cracks and broken stones, missing material, and inappropriate repairs (Figure 449, Figure 450). The concrete curb and gutter is in fair condition, exhibiting several large cracks (Figure 451).

An asphalt road extends from the east of the entrance drive near its intersection with the larger cemetery road system, allowing access to the maintenance complex (Figure 452). Just inside the gated entrance to the complex, gravel on either side of the asphalt drive serves as parking for cemetery staff. The road surface at the turn into the maintenance area from the entrance drive is significantly damaged from large trucks (Figure 453).

Pedestrian circulation in the building area consists of concrete sidewalks, which provide access from the parking area to the cemetery office and from the cemetery office to the maintenance building through a gate in the privacy fence (Figure 454, Figure 455). Although the visitor parking lot includes a universally accessible parking space, there is no ADA-compliant entrance into the cemetery office. A gravel path leads from the west side of the entrance drive to the entrances for the service/restroom tower (Figure 456). Within the burial area, pedestrians travel along grass aisles between burial plots.

Figure 449. Poor repair of the rock curb lining the Figure 450. Rock curb lining the traffic circle at the entrance drive (John Milner Associates) intersection of cemetery drives (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 451. A cracked portion of concrete curb, just Figure 452. Access to the maintenance complex from inside the entrance gate; the cracking is likely due to the cemetery entrance drive (John Milner Associates) pressure from the adjacent pecan tree, which probably is a volunteer, rather than having been planted there. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 453. Damage to the road surface from turning Figure 454. Sidewalk providing access to the cemetery vehicles; this has since been repaired (John Milner office from the parking area (John Milner Associates) Associates)

Figure 455. Concrete sidewalk leading from the Figure 456. Gravel path leading to the service/restroom cemetery office to the maintenance complex (John Milner tower (John Milner Associates) Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Vegetation Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is mostly developed and maintained in mown grass, with some undeveloped and secondary growth woodland bordering the Shoal Creek floodplain to the east. In the maintained areas, woody vegetation­—including shrubs and trees—provide shade, cover, foraging opportunities, and nesting habitat for numerous common bird species and squirrels. The unmaintained wooded area in the eastern part of the site provides cover, foraging area, and habitat for more wildlife, including deer, foxes, opossums and raccoons. However, due to the density and type of vegetation in these areas (including a large percentage of exotic invasive species, particularly in the shrub layer), the cemetery is unlikely to contain suitable habitat for listed threatened and/or endangered species. Frequent mowing and foot traffic also make the maintained areas unsuitable as habitat for protected plants, though the less frequently disturbed open areas in the park’s northern part may provide more suitable habitat. Many trees are large enough to have protected status. Trees Austin Memorial Park contains by far the widest variety of trees of any of the historic Austin cemeteries (Figure 458). A canopy of mature shade trees covers much of the burial area, with the most plentiful species being large live oaks (Quercus virginiana) and cedar elms (Ulmus crassifolia), most of which pre-date the cemetery and contribute strongly to its character. These trees appear in aerial photographs from the 1950s and generally follow the crest of the ridge around which the cemetery is organized (Figure 459). In older burial sections, these large trees form an uninterrupted canopy, creating a sense of enclosure within distinct spatial areas (Figure 457, also see Figure 446 on page 361).

Figure 457. Rows of mature live oak and other trees form an uninterrupted canopy. (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 458. Trees in Austin Memorial Park Cemetery (Project Team)

Figure 459. Aerial photograph of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, 1952 (City of Austin) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Trees that were planted after the cemetery was established were typically arranged in lines following the grid of cemetery plots (Figure 460). These include large numbers of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), as well as Texas red oak (Quercus buckleyi), Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), Texas mountain laurel (Sophora secundiflora), pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii), Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), arborvitae (Thuja sp.), bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei), Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina) and other ash species, Mexican white oak (Quercus polymorpha), mulberry (Morus sp.), Italian stone pine (Pinus pinea), redbud (Cercis canadensis), chinaberry (Melia azedarach), holly (Ilex sp.), and maple (Acer sp.). Although most of these trees were typically planted between rows of burials, some were planted in association with a specific family plot or individual burial (Figure 462–Figure 461 on page 366). The mulberry and chinaberry are likely volunteer trees.

Figure 460. Trees are typically planted in a grid pattern Figure 461. A maple associated with a burial within a aligned with the burials. (John Milner Associates) family plot (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 462. Italian cypress planted around an individual Figure 463. Dwarf pomegranate planted between two burial headstone (John Milner Associates) stones in a family plot (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Historic photographs indicate that the cemetery drives were formerly lined with columnar silver poplar (Populus alba). A 2014 tree survey did not note any surviving specimens; however, crape myrtle and Ashe juniper grow along the roadway in some places in the cemetery (Figure 464).

Figure 464. An undated photograph of the cemetery shows cemetery drives lined with rock curbs and silver poplar; a similar view in 2014 shows crape myrtle and Ashe juniper along the cemetery drive, and the removal of the rock curbs. (John Milner Associates)

A number of new trees have been planted in Section 12 in the northern corner of the cemetery in 2009–2010. The trees are arranged in a uniform grid, surrounded by mulch rings, and irrigated with tall, impact-type sprinkler heads (Figure 465). There do not appear to be any burials in this section; it is possible that the trees were planted in advance of opening the section to plot purchases so that the tree canopy has time to mature prior to burials. Species include crape myrtle, live oak, Mexican white oak, and Texas red oak.

Figure 465. Young trees planted in a grid in Section 12 (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Several mature trees are associated with the historic office/chapel building at the cemetery entrance and the cemetery entrance drive. A large ash (Fraxinus sp.), likely a volunteer specimen, stands in the lawn between the cemetery office and Hancock Drive, pecans (also likely volunteers) stand to the north and east sides of the building, and two large live oaks are located in the building’s north yard, shading an employee picnic area. Two large crape myrtles stand to the north side of the service tower, screening the structure from the burial area. A row of crape myrtle and live oaks stands along the east side of the entrance drive. The trees associated the cemetery entrance are surrounded by mulch rings and/or garden edging. The mulch ring around the large ash is kept in place with a steel edge, while the two live oak to the rear of the building are surrounded by a mortared rock curb (Figure 466).

A densely wooded area stands in the eastern portion of the cemetery above Shoal Creek. The woods are dominated by cedar elm and live oak, with smaller concentrations of Ashe juniper, chinaberry, and a variety of deciduous trees similar to those found in the burial area. A dense understory of ligustrum, an invasive plant in local woodlands, is located along the edges of the woodland.

Figure 466. Mature live oaks surrounded by a rock curb, behind the cemetery office (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Shrubs, Vines, and Bulbs The entire burial area of the cemetery is planted in turf that is kept mowed. The turf comprises primarily St. Augustine (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in shady areas, and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in sunny areas.

A wide variety of ornamental shrubs, perennials, and other plants have been planted in association with family plots and individual burials. Species observed during an April 2014 field visit included a variety of evergreen and deciduous shrubs and groundcovers. Evergreen shrubs include variegated euonymous (Euonymus japonicas), dwarf yaupon (Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’), Texas sage (Leucophyllum frutescens), nandina (Nandina domestica), boxwood (Buxus sempervirens), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) (Figure 468, facing page), Deciduous shrubs include roses (Rosa sp.), dwarf pomegranate (Punica granatum), and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus) (Figure 467). In addition, there are a number of more sculptural “accent” plants, including sago palm (Cycas revoluta), red yucca (Hesperaloe parviflora), soft-leaf yucca (Yucca recurvifolia), cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior), and prickly pear (Opuntia sp.) (Figure 469). Groundcovers include wandering jew (Tradescantia pallida), liriope (Liriope spicata), Asian jasmine (Trachelospermum asiaticum), vinca (Vinca minor), and monkey grass (Ophiopogon japonicas) (Figure 470). Flowering perennials, include Dutch iris (Iris germanica) and spiderwort (Tradescantia bracteata), are supplemented by a wide variety of annual species, including impatiens, petunias, and snap dragons, often planted as a plot covering or in decorative pots (Figure 471). HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 467. Roses planted adjacent to a headstone Figure 468. Carefully pruned shrubs serve as an (John Milner Associates) enclosing element for a family plot. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 469. A variety of sculptural accent plants (John Figure 470. Wandering Jew (foreground) and Dutch iris Milner Associates) (background) (John Milner Associates)

Figure 471. Annual species planted as a plot covering (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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A number of ornamental plants are associated with the cemetery office and entry sequence. Knockout roses and Texas sage are planted in a mulched bed along the short stretch of public sidewalk on Hancock Drive (Figure 472). Nandina, boxwood, and Christmas ferns are planted along the foundation of the south face of the cemetery office (Figure 473), while Dutch iris, Spanish dagger (Yucca gloriosa), nandina, rosemary, and Indian hawthorn (Raphiolepis indica) grow at the building’s entrance (Figure 474). Other trees include a pecan, close to the cemetery gate, and a large oleander (Nerium oleander) to the east side of the building.

Figure 472. Knockout roses and Texas sage along Figure 473. Nandina, boxwood, and ferns are planted Hancock Drive near the cemetery entrance (John Milner along the south façade of the cemetery office. (John Associates) Milner Associates)

Figure 474. Ornamental vegetation near the office entrance; nandina partially screen utility fixtures. (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Other entry plantings include several rosemary shrubs in the mulched bed surrounding the flagpole, and sparse groupings of dwarf yaupon and lantana (Lantana sp.), set in mulched linear beds lined with plastic edging, on either side of the entrance drive outside the cemetery gate (Figure 475, Figure 476). A line of large ligustrum (Ligustrum lucidum), trained to tree form, grow along the sidewalk connecting the cemetery office and the maintenance complex, crossing the walk at a diagonal and continuing to the complex’s fence, indicating the alignment of a previous walkway (Figure 477). A tall hedge of red-tipped photinia (Photinia fraseri) lines the south side of the wood privacy fence surrounding the maintenance complex; the combination of the shrub and the fence reduce visibility at the maintenance complex entrance, requiring signs and a mirror to help vehicles navigate the turn.

Figure 475. Rosemary shrubs planted at the base of the Figure 476. Recent plantings of dwarf yaupon and flagpole (John Milner Associates) lantana along the entrance drive (John Milner Associates)

Figure 477. A line of ligustrum crosses the sidewalk to the maintenance complex at an angle. (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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The entrance to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was once ornamented by an elaborate garden display, comprising a dense evergreen foundation planting, including what appears to be a mix of Italian cypress, holly, deodar cedar, and arborvitae (Figure 478). On the street side of the chapel, a rectangular sunken garden was outlined with a stone retaining wall and filled with evergreen shrubs, with a groundcover layer that was likely ornamental perennials and annuals. A broad limestone path led from the breezeway between the chapel and caretaker’s house to provide access to the sunken garden. None of these plants survive today, and the sunken garden is no longer evident above ground.

Volunteer vegetation, mostly vines such as Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), drape the boundary fence in many areas. Although classified as an invasive species, the honeysuckle does help to screen the lowest portion of the MoPac expressway ramp where it borders the cemetery (Figure 479).

Figure 479. Volunteer vines screening the MoPac Figure 478. An undated photograph showing the former expressway ramp (John Milner Associates) sunken garden (City of Austin) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Grave Markers While the types and styles of markers are more homogeneous in this cemetery than in the other four city cemeteries, largely due to its more recent age, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery contains a wide diversity of markers representing different ethnic groups, including people of Jewish, Latino, African American, Russian, Irish, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese descent (Figure 480). Marker Types The most common marker found at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is a granite headstone on a granite base (Figure 481). In addition to granite, a few marble and limestone examples are present, as well as handmade concrete markers. Other marker types are found throughout the cemetery, including slant-faced markers, curved- top markers, scroll markers, memorial benches as grave markers, and bronze, marble, or granite Veterans Administration (VA) surface markers (Figure 482–Figure 485 on page 377). Some VA markers are used as footstones (Figure 486).

Tablet stones (with no base) are present but to a much lesser extent than in the other cemeteries. Many grave markers feature integral marble and granite planters (Figure 487–Figure 489 on page 377).

This is the only cemetery where the survey team observed grave marker inscriptions with paint in the carved areas (Figure 488– Figure 490). Funeral home markers include simple metal frames or rectangular ceramic plaques (some with photographs), both placed on short stakes.

Family plots contain a large primary headstone with secondary individual headstones, often accompanied by initialed footstones and cornerstones, also made of granite (Figure 491).

Austin Memorial Park Cemetery contains a wide variety of markers that feature crosses, including Russian, Celtic, leaning crosses, iron crosses, and even a wooden cross (Figure 492–Figure 494).

Very large boulder markers are also common here. These generally feature one flat surface upon which the inscription is carved (Figure 497–Figure 496).

Some of the more unusual or high style designs include book on base (Figure 497), pedestal with sundial (Figure 498), fine art designs (Figure 489, Figure 500), a carved limestone wave with dolphins, rustic/found stones and other found objects (Figure 501, Figure 502), bronze sculpted cowboy boots (Figure 503), pulpit with open book (Figure 504), and pink granite chunks in pink terrazzo concrete with tile Virgin Mary (Figure 505). CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 480. Many different ethnic groups are Figure 481. Granite headstone on a granite base, the represented in the cemetery. (John Milner Associates) most common marker type in the cemetery (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 482. Slant-faced marker (McDoux Preservation) Figure 483. Memorial bench as grave marker (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 484. Memorial bench as grave marker, with embedded geode (McDoux Preservation) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 486. VA marker used as a footstone (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 485. Bronze marker (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 487. Grave marker with integrated planters Figure 488. Integrated planters (John Milner (McDoux Preservation) Associates)

Figure 489. Graver marker with integrated planters and incense holder (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 490. Slant-faced grave marker with painted Figure 491. Large family plot marker with footstones decorative carvings (McDoux Preservation) (John Milner Associates)

Figure 493. Celtic cross (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 492. Russian cross (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 494. Wooden cross grave marker (McDoux Preservation) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 495. Boulder marker with name inscription Figure 496. Boulder marker with inscription and (McDoux Preservation) carved-out nichos (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 497. Book on base marker in the Moss Section Figure 498. A pedestal topped with a sundial in the (McDoux Preservation) Moss Section (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 499. Sculptural marker (McDoux Preservation) Figure 500. A sculptural marker in Section 1 (McDoux Preservation CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 501. Large piece of quartz used as a marker Figure 502. An example of a found object marker (McDoux Preservation) (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 503. Bronze sculpted cowboy boots (McDoux Figure 504. A pulpit marker topped with an open book Preservation) (McDoux Preservation)

Figure 505. Pink granite marker with tile depiction of the Virgin and Child (McDoux Preservation) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Adverse Conditions Tilted, sunken, fallen, and displaced markers are found throughout Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, as are markers with exposed concrete foundations (Figure 506). Section 2 especially has many fallen markers. The ground is most uneven on the west side of the cemetery, in Sections 9A, 9, and 10; many grave markers in these areas have exposed foundations.

Soiling and organic growth, mostly lichen and bacteria, were observed. As in other cemeteries, grass clippings on grave markers contributed to this problem. Encroaching tree trunks and roots have displaced many grave markers in this cemetery.

Proximity to the roadway is an issue in Sections 3 and 5A.

Mower and trimmer damage was only observed in Section 10, where the ground is particularly uneven (Figure 507, Figure 508).

A bronze marker is missing in Section 5 and another is partially pried off its foundation in Section 9A (Figure 509, Figure 510).

Ponding of water, due to a hose left running, was found in Section 7 (Figure 511); ponding was also observed in Section 8, but the cause was not obvious.

Subsidence was observed, likely a result of improper, insufficient, or poorly compacted fill over interments. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 506. A marker with an exposed concrete Figure 507. Trimmer damage to a VA marker (McDoux foundation (McDoux Preservation) Preservation, AM-DSC08707)

Figure 508. Damage to tile from rocks thrown by Figure 509. Missing bronze marker (McDoux mowers (McDoux Preservation, AM-DSC08676) Preservation)

Figure 510. A partially-pried up bronze marker (McDoux Figure 511. Ponding and subsidence in Section 7 Preservation) (McDoux Preservation) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Plot Coverings Plot coverings in Austin Memorial Park Cemetery are highly variable and individualistic. Some graves are covered with granite ledger stones, bodystones, and slabs; surface markers may take the shape of pillows (Figure 512). Graves are also scraped free of grass, mounded with dirt (Figure 513), or covered with other materials such as river rocks (Figure 514), white marble gravel (Figure 515), mulch (Figure 516), pavers (Figure 517), or ornamental plants (see Figure 469 and Figure 471 on page 371).

Figure 512. Precast curved concrete vaults covering Figure 513. Grave mounded with dirt (John Milner individual burials (John Milner Associates) Associates)

Figure 514. Grave covered in river rocks (John Milner Figure 515. Graves in a family plot set with white Associates) marble gravel (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 516. Mulch-covered family plot (John Milner Figure 517. A plot covered with concrete paving stones Associates) (John Milner Associates)

Plot Enclosures There are very few formal family plot enclosures in Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, although there are many individual grave enclosures, especially in newer sections of the cemetery. Some family plots in older sections are outlined with shrub borders, typically boxwood or other easily-pruned shrubs (see Figure 468 on page 371). Other family plots are marked with small flush monuments at the corners (Figure 518).

Individual grave enclosures are highly variable and individualistic. Curbing materials include shrubs and other plants, rock outlines (Figure 519), plastic and metal landscape edging (see Figure 514 on page 383), brick and concrete pavers (Figure 520–Figure 522, facing page), wood landscape timbers (Figure 523, Figure 524), and decorative fencing (Figure 525).

Figure 518. Family plot marked with small flush corner Figure 519. Plot outlined with an ashlar limestone rock monuments (John Milner Associates) curb (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 520. Concrete pavers edging a mulch-covered Figure 521. Concrete paving units set around a family burial site (John Milner Associates) plot (John Milner Associates)

Figure 522. Plot curb made of brick paving units (John Figure 523. Plot curb made of painted wood (John Milner Associates) Milner Associates)

Figure 524. Landscape timbers outline an individual Figure 525. Garden fencing as plot curbing (John Milner grave (John Milner Associates) Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Water Features Irrigation is provided in Austin Memorial Park through a system of above-ground hose bibs connected by underground piping. Many of the tall bibs have attached hoses and decorative hose racks, likely installed by plot caretakers (Figure 526). The irrigation bibs are placed every four rows of burials, with the exception of Sections 12 and 14, which use equipment with a “long-throw” design that allows spacing every eight rows. During the development of this master plan, the City replaced 300 vacuum breakers and 50 quick couplers in the irrigation system at Austin Memorial Park. It is expected that some portion of the 110 removable, transportable impact heads also purchased, which are to be shared amongst the City’s cemeteries, will be used at Austin Memorial Park at some interval.

The only other water feature in the cemetery is a copper sink in a painted wood cabinet, located along the road in the Congregation Agudas Achim section (Figure 527). Traditionally, mourners at a Jewish funeral wash their hands before leaving the cemetery as a symbolic cleansing. The sink is in fair condition, exhibiting some patina. It appears to provide a convenient perch for birds, as it was also covered Figure 526. Irrigation riser with in bird droppings during the master plan team’s site visits. attached hose and decorative hose rack (John Milner Associates)

Figure 527. A ceremonial copper sink at the edge of the Jewish Memorial section (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Structures Buildings and Structures When the City acquired the original cemetery tract, it included an office, chapel, service tower, and caretaker’s residence, which were constructed to form the cemetery entrance prior to the cemetery’s opening in 1928 (Figure 528–Figure 529 on page 388). These four rough-hewn limestone buildings were designed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style, which was popular in the United States during the 1920s. As is typical of the style, the buildings display a combination of details that loosely reference the eighteenth-century Spanish Colonial buildings of the Americas, including low-pitched clay tile roofs, cast concrete ornaments, roman arches, wrought iron, balconies, and Baroque-style helical columns. A rough-hewn limestone wall once extended from the service tower along Hancock Drive, but most of it was demolished and replaced with a chain-link fence in the late 1960s (Figure 530 on page 388). All of these features were designed by architect W. H. Chambers, of San Antonio, who also designed the Mission Burial Park in that city.

Today, the cemetery manager’s office is located in the chapel, a one- room building on the northeast side of the entrance gate. The chapel is connected by a breezeway to a larger building that once served as the caretaker’s residence and now houses the administrative services for all of the cemeteries managed by PARD (Figure 531 on page 389). A matching limestone curb outlines a shrub bed on its western face. The building has one addition that appears to be recent (Figure 532).

The octagonal stone service tower stands at the southwest side of the cemetery entrance and houses public restrooms (Figure 533). These restrooms do not comply with ADA regulations.

North of the administrative office stands the maintenance building, one end of which contains an enclosed space that once served as the cemetery office and is now a break room for cemetery employees (Figure 534). CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 530. Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, April 1928. The rock wall is visible extending along Hancock Drive, formerly Austin-Burnet Road. (C03874. Austin History Center, Austin Public Library)

Page 4-33 HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 531. The cemetery manager’s office (right) is connected by a breezeway to the larger building that once served as the cemetery caretaker’s residence. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 532. Addition (right) to the former caretaker’s Figure 533. Service/restroom tower (John Milner residence (John Milner Associates) Associates)

Figure 534. Cemetery maintenance building, formerly the cemetery office (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Extending to the south from the administrative building is a combined freestanding/retaining wall constructed in rough-hewn limestone to match the buildings (Figure 535). It is in only fair condition, exhibiting severe cracking and bowing, which is evident on its east face (Figure 536). It has separated completely from the administration building and appears to be held in place only by a steel electrical conduit mounted on its east face (Figure 537).

Figure 535. Limestone retaining wall (John Milner Associates)

Figure 536. Severely cracked portion of the wall, Figure 537. The wall has completely separated with attempted repair visible below the steel conduit from the adjacent building. (John Milner Associates) (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Extending from the chapel and service tower are rock walls, topped in metal picket fencing, that end in the rock piers that support the large, double-leafed, black-picket entrance gate (Figure 538). The piers are topped with oversized, Colonial Revival lanterns made of concrete. The east pier displays evidence of another mason, having rogue inclusions of a dark chert and shards of terracotta tile. Another wall extends to the south several feet to end in a large stone pier. It is likely that this pier and the adjacent short length of wall were constructed after the removal of the cemetery’s original limestone boundary wall, as it displays the patterning and proportions of a different, less-skilled mason.

In the woodlands above Shoal Creek, linear piles of rock and a roughly square limestone cobble assemblage were initially thought to be the remnants of a fence and/or a structure, but close inspection by archeologists indicates these are either naturally-occurring or are of more recent age, possibly associated with cemetery maintenance (Figure 539).

Figure 538. Rock piers support the entrance gate. (John Figure 539. A rock assemblage in the woodlands above Milner Associates) Shoal Creek (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Fence System A chain-link fence, installed ca. 1966, surrounds the cemetery on all sides. For most of its extent, the fence is about six feet tall (Figure 540); however, along the north edge of the site where the cemetery abuts a church and the city recreation center, the fence is only four feet tall (Figure 541). The fence is in fair condition. It exhibits some rusting and has volunteer vegetation, mostly vines, growing on it in many places. In the wooded area above Shoal Creek, the fence was cut in several places with wire cutters, and the resulting holes are patched with metal mesh.

In addition to the boundary fence, a tall wood slat privacy fence surrounds the maintenance complex near the southeast corner of the site (Figure 542). The fence has double gates at its two vehicular entrances, one along the cemetery entrance drive and the other on the north side of the complex (see Figure 452 on page 363). An additional pedestrian gate in the south side of the fence accommodates the concrete sidewalk connecting the cemetery office and maintenance building.

Figure 540. A six-foot chain-link fence surrounds Figure 541. The fence is four feet tall along the much of the site. (John Milner Associates) northern edge of the site. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 542. A wood privacy fence surrounds the maintenance area; the pedestrian gate is visible on the left. (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Small-Scale Features Site Furnishings When the cemetery was first completed, the entrance was marked by a sign mounted between the chapel and service tower above the entrance drive (Figure 543). It appears to have been composed of cables attached to the buildings that supported individual large letters, painted white, reading “Austin Memorial Park.” This sign is no longer extant, but the cable hooks are still in place on the buildings (Figure 544).

Today, an aluminum flagpole stands at the entry to the cemetery along Hancock Drive in the grassy area between the cemetery office and the roadway. The flagpole stands in a mulch bed outlined with limestone chopblock and set with rosemary shrubs (see Figure 475 on page 373).

Figure 543. Undated photograph of the cemetery entrance, showing the sign hung over the entrance drive (Austin History Center, Austin Public Library)

Figure 544. Cable hooks for the former entrance sign are still visible on the exterior of both the tower and the chapel. (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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The numerous signs in the cemetery are especially clustered at the entrance and along the cemetery entrance drive. A large cemetery identification sign, matching those at the other historic cemeteries and standing on aluminum supports, conflicts with city road signs along Hancock Drive (Figure 545 on page 394). A number of directional signs are located along the entrance drive, including signs with cemetery regulations and other information about the cemetery (see Figure 538 on page 391). Additionally, a mirror is placed at the entrance to the maintenance complex to assist drivers making the blind turn out of the area.

Within the cemetery, there are relatively few signs. A historical marker stands at the intersection of the entrance drive and the larger system of cemetery roads, detailing the importance of the cemetery (Figure 546, facing page). Markers on aluminum posts are placed along the roadway to indicate burial section numbers (Figure 547).

Additional site furnishings in the cemetery include several concrete and pea-gravel refuse receptacles placed along roads (Figure 548) and a wood picnic table provided for park staff behind the cemetery office (Figure 549). The litter receptacles are in fair condition, exhibiting some cracks and chips.

Figure 545. The large cemetery entrance sign; the flagpole is visible just to the left. (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 546. Official Texas Historical Marker, describing Figure 547. Markers mounted on aluminum posts are the cemetery’s significance (John Milner Associates) placed along the roadway at the edge of each section. (John Milner Associates)

Figure 548. Refuse receptacle along the entrance drive Figure 549. Wood picnic table provided for park staff (John Milner Associates) behind the cemetery office (John Milner Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Grave Furnishings Numerous grave decorations have been placed throughout the burial area of the cemetery, especially in the newer sections, and range from the restrained to the flamboyant.

Many gravesites at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery are furnished with decorative benches. Designs range from formal to rustic to whimsical. Bench materials include carved granite or marble, cast iron, powder- coated steel (see Figure 516 on page 384), wood slats (see Figure 469 on page 371, Figure 514 on page 383, and Figure 520 and Figure 523 on page 385), concrete (see Figure 517 on page 384), and plastic (Figure 550, below). Many include additional decorative features such as stained glass, carved names, or even university logos (Figure 551). Some benches are quite deteriorated, while others appear to be durable and/or well maintained. Benches are, in some cases, placed at the foot of a grave, close enough to lean inappropriately against the back of an adjacent marker. A few exedra (curved benches used as part of the primary marker) are present.

Other grave furnishings include tables, chairs (see Figure 525 on page 385), trellises (see Figure 519 on page 384), and arbors.

Figure 550. A decorative plastic bench (John Milner Figure 551. A bench with wood slats and metal Associates) and stained glass decorative elements (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Statuary is most frequently used next to grave markers for decoration (Figure 552; also see Figure 467 on page 371), although, in a very few cases, it serves as the grave marker (see Figure 499 on page 379). For example, a unique sculptural installation in Section 4 consists of a stained glass feature between two trees (Figure 553). Similarly, stone and concrete planters decorate many graves, as an integral part of a marker (see Figure 487 and Figure 488 on page 377), in addition to a marker (Figure 554, Figure 555) or, in some places, in place of a traditional marker (Section 11).

Marble, granite, and bronze urns are found throughout the cemetery. The theft of bronze urns seems to be less common here than at the other cemeteries.

Figure 552. Statuary and other decorative elements Figure 553. A stained glass installation (John Milner (John Milner Associates) Associates)

Figure 554. A variety of decorative planters (John Milner Figure 555. Plastic planters in a family plot (John Milner Associates) Associates) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Other grave decorations abound throughout the cemetery and range from the restrained to the flamboyant; these include birdbaths, bird houses (Figure 557), garden ornaments, silk flowers, wind chimes hung in adjacent trees (see Figure 552 on page 397), and candle and incense holders (Figure 558).

Athough not decorations, small stones are often placed on markers, in the Jewish tradition (Figure 556), to indicate that visitors have stopped by to pay their respects.

Figure 556. Small stones placed on markers (John Figure 557. Bird houses and free-standing birdbath Milner Associates) (John Milner Associates)

Figure 558. Candle and incense holders at a grave (John Milner Associates) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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SIGNIFICANCE In order to develop treatment recommendations that are well- grounded in national standards, this master plan proposes areas and periods of significance, evaluates the cemetery under National Register Criteria, and determines its integrity.

The master plan team consulted with Gregory Smith, National Register Coordinator for the Texas Historical Commission, regarding the potential eligibility of this cemetery for the National Register.

The applicable Criteria for Evaluation for Austin Memorial Park Cemetery are presented below, along with one Criterion Consideration. Per National Register requirements, except for archeological sites and cemeteries nominated under Criterion D, burial places must also meet the special requirements of Criteria Considerations C or D.

Criterion A: Properties can be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

Austin Memorial Park may be significant as an example of the lawn- park cemetery movement that gained popularity in the early twentieth century.

Criterion C: Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.

The buildings at the entrance to Austin Memorial Park Cemetery may be significant for their architecture and as examples of cemetery buildings constructed following the privatization of cemetery management in the early 1900s.

Criteria Consideration D: A cemetery is eligible if it derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events.

Consideration D could apply based on the design of the cemetery property as an example of the lawn-park movement.

Note that Criterion B (Properties can be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past) is not applicable at this point in time. While many historically significant people are buried at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, their death dates are mostly in the 1960s or later. As a result, the cemetery would not meet the 50-year cut‑off for eligibility under Criterion B. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Period of Significance The period of time during which a property acquired the characteristics that make it eligible for listing in the National Register or for designation as a local landmark is called the period of significance. This period often begins when the property was established or constructed, or when events or activities that contribute to the property’s historic significance began to take place. The period of significance usually ends at least 50 years before the present date.

The master plan team proposes that the period of significance for Austin Memorial Park Cemetery extend from 1927, when the cemetery was established, to 1965, 50 years from this publication’s release date.

In addition to the buildings at the cemetery’s entrance, Blocks 1, 2, and 3 (the oldest sections) may be the only parts of the property eligible for listing in the National Register within that period of significance. Additional research beyond the scope of this master plan will be required to complete a National Register nomination. Previous Evaluation of Significance In 2011, cultural resources firm Hardy Heck Moore, Inc., completed a reconnaissance level survey of historic resources within the Area of Potential Effects (APE) of roadway improvements for Loop 1 (MoPac) between FM 734 (Parmer Lane) and Cesar Chavez Boulevard. This survey was completed on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in order to identify any non-archeological historic resources that might be indirectly impacted by planned roadway improvements, as required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

Although a limited number of properties fell within the APE, the survey took a wider view to determine whether impacts to those properties would have an adverse effect on the neighborhoods in which the properties were located, even though the overall subdivision boundaries extended well beyond the APE. The survey therefore primarily reviewed residential suburbs that might be listed on the National Register of Historic Places as historic districts.

Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was identified and discussed as an historic resource adjacent to, but not within, the APE. The survey report, in its discussion of the Criteria for the Evaluation of Significance, noted that:

(Austin Memorial Park Cemetery) is a memorial park, a type of cemetery developed in the early twentieth century that is operated and regulated by a private company. Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was modeled after Mission Burial Park in San Antonio ... the first perpetual care cemetery in Texas. Since its founding, Mission Park Cemetery has been expanded with a funeral home HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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and other modern cemetery services and amenities shifting its function to that of a funeral home/cemetery combination as opposed to an unaltered memorial park. Mission Burial Park South does not have any historic designations.

The idea of perpetual care and regulation characteristic of memorial park cemeteries has been maintained following the Austin Memorial Park Cemetery’s transfer of ownership to the City of Austin. Typical of memorial parks, (Austin Memorial Park Cemetery) features expanses of lawn and natural landscaped features, as opposed to the hilly terrain, designed landscape elements, and other picturesque features of nineteenth-century romantic cemeteries ... In addition, gravestones are not of elaborate Victorian design and, collectively, do not have any distinctive design elements. Their design is regulated, with some being flush to the ground. The de-emphasis of elaborate funerary art is typical of the focus on natural beauty and economy in twentieth century memorial parks.

Few changes have been made in the design and layout of Austin Memorial Park Cemetery. … (Its) overall plan, grave markers, and landscaping embody the principles of a twentieth-century memorial park. Since it is an early example of a privately owned (memorial) cemetery that marked a departure from past funerary traditions in the city, (Austin Memorial Park Cemetery) is noteworthy for its historical association with evolving cemetery practices of the early twentieth century. It possesses significance under Criterion A.

The survey report further states that Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is significant under Criterion B, due to “the number of burials of well-known and influential individuals” and under Criterion C, as the buildings at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery “are noteworthy for their physical attributes and design qualities.” The survey does not discuss Criteria Consideration D in detail but mentions that the burial of notable persons in the cemetery meets this Criteria Consideration through “its association with persons of transcendent importance at local, state, and national levels.”

In summary, the survey found that:

... Despite later residential development surrounding the cemetery and the loss of cemetery property for the construction of MoPac and surrounding institutional and recreational development, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery retains a secluded atmosphere, and its original geographic context is present to a great extent. (It) retains its integrity to a noteworthy degree and possesses all seven aspects of integrity as defined by the NRHP. Under Criteria Consideration D, (Austin Memorial Park Cemetery) possesses significance under Criteria A, B, and C, and is recommended Eligible for inclusion in the NRHP in the areas of Community CITY OF AUSTIN

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Planning and Architecture at the local of significance. The period of significance is defined as 1927 to ca. 1971, when the retaining wall for MoPac Expressway was completed and defined the western boundary of the property.

Reconnaissance-level surveys are, by definition, not exhaustive and are intended to provide only a preliminary opinion on potential National Register eligibility. The National Park Service notes that reconnaissance surveys differ from intensive-level surveys in terms of the level of effort involved. Reconnaissance may be thought of as a “once over lightly” inspection of an area, most useful for characterizing its resources in general and for developing a basis for deciding how to organize and orient more detailed survey efforts. Intensive-level surveys, on the other hand, are “designed to identify precisely and completely all historic resources in the area.”

In addition to the National Park Service guidelines, TxDOT has established its own Standards of Uniformity (including procedural and documentation requirements) for reconnaissance survey reports. While reconnaissance-level surveys necessarily include a preliminary discussion of potential eligibility for the National Register, the responsibility for making a case for listing in the National Register falls upon the person perparing the nomination. Integrity and Threats In addition to the above criteria, cemeteries must retain historic integrity. Specifically, according to National Register Bulletin 41:

(T)o meet National Register standards for integrity, development of the historic period should predominate … In some cases, an entire cemetery may not qualify for the National Register. If the original area has remained essentially intact while modern expansion occurred beyond or around it, then the historic portion likely will qualify because it is easy to draw boundaries that exclude the non- historic areas … When a large historic cemetery with scattered gravesites has had modern infill, the entire cemetery still may be eligible if the proportional number, size, and scale of new features are not so imposing as to overwhelm the overall historic appearance. Once the non-historic features begin to dominate, and one’s impression is of a modern cemetery with isolated historic burials or clusters of historic gravesites, then the overall historic character of the cemetery has been lost, and it would not meet National Register standards. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Based on these requirements, a nomination to the National Register for Austin Memorial Park Cemetery might be limited to the entrance, cemetery buildings, and Blocks 1–3.

Block 1 and Block 2 contain grave markers primarily made of granite, with some marble markers and a few limestone examples. Bronze plaques, either flush with the ground or mounted on stone, are present, as are a small number of handmade concrete markers. Most markers are modern in appearance. Block 3 contains mostly granite grave markers with a few marble examples. No limestone markers or bronze plaques were observed in this section. The greatest variety in marker design is found in Block 2. A few particularly artistic examples are located in Block 1. It may be necessary to establish that the blocks to be nominated do not include a disproportionate number of modern markers, in order to make the case for the historic integrity of those blocks. In addition, if the cemetery were to be nominated under Criterion B at some point in the future, the locations of graves of significant persons would need to be mapped in order to determine whether they are within the blocks to be nominated.

With that said, the master plan team encourages anyone interested in nominating Austin Memorial Park Cemetery to the National Register to do so. The guidance provided in this section is intended not to discourage, but to assist future researchers in planning and investigating the historic contexts and criteria for the evaluation of significance that may be applicable at whatever point in time a nomination may be prepared. CITY OF AUSTIN

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TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Overall treatment objectives for Austin Memorial Park Cemetery are intended to:

• improve the exterior appearance of the cemetery; • improve and protect viewsheds within and from the cemetery; • interpret the cemetery’s history to visitors, improve wayfinding, expand visitor services through the adaptive reuse of the historic buildings and their landscape settings; and • expand burial options to include a columbarium and/or scatter garden. Additional concerns related to grave decoration and other personal site furnishings are common to all cemeteries and are addressed in the General Management Guidelines. Treatment plans illustrating these objectives are presented at the end of this chapter. Exterior Appearance and Internal Viewsheds A primary concern of many Austin Memorial Park Cemetery stakeholders is the exterior appearance of the cemetery’s southern boundary fence, the cluttered appearance of the entrance, and incompatible views within the cemetery to the maintenance yard and to MoPac. The chain-link boundary fence on the south border replaced an original limestone wall and now presents an unkempt appearance to passersby along Hancock Drive. The cemetery entrance is cluttered with a proliferation of various signs and posts, and the cemetery identity sign is set too high, blocking views of the buildings, and not close enough to the entrance gate. The following actions are recommended. Exterior Appearance and Entrance • Replace the southern cemetery chain-link boundary fence with a black picket fence, a combination stone-and-black-picket fence, or other type of fence that is more compatible with the historic character of the cemetery. A stone wall should reference the original and match the workmanship exhibited in the stone wall located in the east front yard of the cemetery office. Consider incorporating black pickets to extend the height of the enclosure to that required for security (see General Treatment Recommendations). • Replace the rest of the boundary fence with black picket fencing, black powder-coated chain-link fencing, or other compatible material (see General Treatment Guildelines). HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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• Explore, in collaboration with the adjacent property owners, strategies to enhance the boundary between the cemetery and residences and businesses. As some adjacent neighbors have expressed concern about the visual impact of fencing, PARD will work closely with the neighbors to ensure that any enhancements or screening do not have a negative impact. PARD will provide advance notice to owners of immediately adjacent propeties that abut the cemetery at such a time that improvements along the boundary are planned. • Construct a public sidewalk on Hancock Drive along the cemetery’s southern boundary. • Consider replacing the cemetery identification sign with one that references the original cemetery sign, which was attached between the two entrance buildings. It may not be practical to install a sign that drapes between the two, but an arching sign may be appropriate. Consider the sign as a potential Art in Public Places competitive project. • Install a kiosk at the entrance. The kiosk would contain a graphic cemetery plan, grave location information, a brief account of the history and significance of the cemetery, visitor registration, and operational or maintenance rules. The design of the kiosk should reference the historic character of the historic buildings at the cemetery entrance (see General Management Guidelines). • Consolidate entrance signage into one unit, potentially at the entrance kiosk. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Internal Viewsheds • Relocate the maintenance yard from its current location to one that is farther from the entrance and out of the viewshed of burial areas. Consider the remnant spoils pile location in the north of the cemetery. Future access for maintenance vehicles to a relocated maintenance yard would be developed in consultation with the Northwest Recreation Center. Use of this access point would be limited to PARD maintenance trucks, trailers, and equipment that might be towed by these vehicles; trucks and equipment operated by cemetery contractors; and delivery vehicles, including (but not limited to) small tractor trailers. Cemetery visitors would continue to use the main entrance on Hancock Drive. • The Texas Department of Transportation plans to plant 47 Monterey oak trees, along the edge of the MoPac wall, which would help to visually screen views of the highway structure from within the cemetery. Consider additional layered plantings to include columnar evergreens, large shade trees, vines, and other plants. If planting space is limited, continue to add trees within cemetery paths between the highway and the cemetery drive to increase the density of the buffer.

Figure 559. MoPac screening wall planting plan (TxDOT) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Historical Information and Wayfinding Stakeholders have asked that general information about the history of the cemetery be made available, as well as information to help visitors locate particular graves within the cemetery. PARD also has an opportunity to provide additional/improved wayfinding assistance; although signs were recently installed to identify cemetery sections, they are located along the sides of the sections, rather than at the corners where directional assistance would be more helpful. In addition, internal cemetery drives are not named, making navigation within the cemetery confusing and difficult. To address these issues, the following actions are recommended. (See General Management Guidelines for details.)

• Install historical information and wayfinding maps at an entrance kiosk. • Identify cemetery sections and drives with markers located at intersections. The markers should be durable and preferably made of stone, concrete, or other material compatible with the historic character of the cemetery. Galvanized steel and unpainted aluminum are not recommended. • Consider installing informational signs at the graves of important community leaders. These signs should be simple, contemporary, and not distract from the historic character of the cemetery. Consider incorporating QR codes that can be scanned using smart phones. • Grind down the asphalt entrance drive and other cemetery drives that were lined in limestone units, and recover and re-set the stone. This distinctive edging could help identify major cemetery drives and assist in visual wayfinding. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Visitor Services The primary goals for the improvement and expansion of visitor services at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery include site planning that supports the adaptive reuse of the historic cemetery buildings for staff and visitor support. It is the desire of the City of Austin to renovate (and possibly construct an addition to) the caretaker’s residence, renovate the chapel for office use, adaptively reuse the multiuse building as a visitor meeting room and accessible restrooms, and adapt the service tower for another use, such as storage. An architectural study is currently underway to assess the feasibility and program for these changes.199 Recommendations related to these new uses include:

• Move the maintenance yard to an area that is out of the viewshed of the majority of burial sites in the cemetery. Remove the existing wood screening fence. • Adapt the multiuse building for visitor services, and place a small parking lot to the north of the building. • Develop an outdoor visitor gathering area between the office and the multiuse building, with walking paths and benches that would offer opportunities for groups of various sizes to gather before or after a funeral. • Consider reconfiguring the head-in parking at the office and expand by installing 4–5 additional parking spots along the entrance drive, which can be used by office visitors. • Relocate the flagpole and planting bed in front of the building and reset the flagpole as part of the design of the garden between the office and multiuse building, possible as a veterans memorial.

199. Hatch + Ulland Owen Architects. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Expand Burial Options Austin Memorial Park Cemetery is an actively used facility with about one-third of its in-ground burial spaces still available. However, stakeholders would like to have alternatives to in-ground burials, such as columbaria or scatter gardens (see Appendix P regarding SpeakUp Austin survey results). See the General Management Guidelines for an explanation of these interment options.

• Identify an area in the cemetery that can be used to develop a columbarium. Consider placing the columbarium in the viewshed of the cemetery entrance so that it is easy to find. Use a distinctive design for the structure, possibly incorporating a vertical element that would also help with wayfinding (Figure 560–Figure 563 on page 410). Prioritization of this recommended project is based on need as well as the availability of funding for capital improvements. • Develop a feasibility study for the columbarium to determine how many units will be needed, projected into a set timeline. • Based on the size and location of the columbarium, determine if a parking lot is required or if columbarium visitors could utilize the cemetery drives as they are doing currently for funerals. • Identify an area or areas that can be developed as a scatter garden (Figure 564 and Figure 565 on page 411). The columbarium could be designed in such a way that it defines an area for a scatter garden. A designated wooded area could also be considered (Figure 566 and Figure 567 on page 411). The location of any additional future scatter gardens, columbaria, and associated parking would be determined after careful review by and consultation with the Texas Historical Commission and the City of Austin Landmarks Commission. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Figure 560. Columbarium as cemetery node at Fort Garry Cemetery (http://fortgarrycemetery.ca/ plan-now/columbarium-niches/)

Figure 562. Columbarium structure at St. Joseph’s Catholic Church (http://stjosephcc6. web711.discountasp.net/stjodnn/portals/0/ StJosephPictures/Columbarium.jpg)

Figure 561. Ground-level columbarium, Arlington Cemetery (https://lancastergraveyardrabbit.files. wordpress.com/2011/12/p1010761.jpg)

Figure 563. Award-winning columbarium design for Westminster Presbyterian (http://archinect.com/ features/article/89230/showcase-westminster- presbyterian-church-urban-columbarium-and- courtyards) HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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Figure 564. Sunnyside Scattering Garden Figure 565. Rest Haven Memorial Park combined with monument for individual plaques columbarium and scattering garden (http://www. (http://www.surrey.ca/images/pageImages/ resthavenmemorialpark.com/CremationGarden) SunnysideScatteringGarden02.JPG)

Figure 566. Ludford Park - Wallace Stuart Natural Figure 567. Newly planted woodland burial garden Burial Grounds (http://wallacestuart.co.uk/ (http://natural-burial.typepad.com) natural-burial-grounds/) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Vegetation When Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was established, its finest natural feature was the extensive grove of live oaks that gives the Moss Section and Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6A their distinctive shaded character. These areas also display the lushest turf, some of which is the St. Augustine variety, which thrives in well-watered shade. In the intervening years, additional shade trees and ornamental trees have been planted by individuals in or adjacent to family plots and, by the City of Austin, in rows between cemetery sections. Today, the cemetery is dominated by three species, the native live oak and cedar elm—many of which pre-date the cemetery—and the ornamental crape myrtles, all of which were certainly planted after 1928. Of the five cemeteries, Austin Memorial Park Cemetery contains the highest number of healthy trees, likely due to the high clay content of its soils and the presence of an operational irrigation system. Recommendations regarding trees are as follows:

• Develop a tree management plan, for any sections that have been developed or will be developed for any purpose, that includes the ongoing replacement of trees that have been lost due to death or disease. Base the plan on information assembled from historic aerials, old tree surveys or other planning documents, and any ground-level evidence, such as stumps. Determine species, if possible, by identification of stumps and other vegetative remnants. • Compost, mulch, and water trees (as necessary and as appropriate for each species) during periods of insufficient rainfall.

• Remove volunteer trees (usually mulberry, hackberry, tree ligustrum, or gum bumelia) that threaten markers and plot enclosures. Retain other volunteer trees as needed for tree cover or to represent a lost historic tree.

When Austin Memorial Park Cemetery was first established, the landscape around the residence, office, and service tower was designed on a residential scale. The plantings in the immediate area reflected the exotic nature of the Spanish Colonial Revival style of the buildings and their whimsical ornamentation. Historic photographs of the cemetery entrance show a rectangular sunken garden (no longer existing) contained by a limestone retaining wall, a popular feature in residential gardens of the early twentieth century. The garden measured approximately 20 feet by 40 feet and extended south of, and perpendicular to, the chapel building. It was planted with evergreen shrubs, including four arborvitae at its corners and sheared boxwood or other small-leaved evergreens flanking its central walk. These plants formed an evergreen frame to what appears in photographs to be roses or other deciduous shrubs and possibly a mix of perennials and annuals. Italian cypress specimens were planted at the corners of HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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the chapel and the service tower, several nandina can be seen growing on the west side of the east retaining wall, and more shrubs appear to the north of the parking area.

Another photograph shows that one of the cemetery drives was lined with an allée of Lombardy poplar, a tall and dramatic species popular in this country in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but notoriously weak-wooded and susceptible to disease.200 Today, the cemetery entrance garden is well-maintained, but the spirit of the original design has been lost. The following actions are recommended:

• When the ash tree that is currently growing on the south side of the chapel reaches the end of its life, do not replace it with another tree in the same location, as this tree obscures the original views of the entrance buildings. • Remove the shrubs that have been planted in the verge between the sidewalk and Hancock Drive and install turf. While in good condition, these shrubs contribute to the overall visual clutter at the entrance and detract from the appearance of the building. • Remove the planting beds that line the drive and replace with turf. • Develop a new planting design for the front garden that frames and enhances the building’s appearance. Consider referencing the original sunken garden in the design. • Develop a new planting design for the service tower side of the entrance that references the original design. • Replace trees that have been lost along the cemetery drives to restore the sense of an allée of trees. Guidelines for the care of trees and shrubs located within common areas, care of commemorative trees and plants, and overall lawn care strategies are provided in Chapter 3, General Management Guidelines.

200. Christina D. Wood, “’A Most Dangerous Tree’: The Lombardy Poplar in Landscape Gardening,” Arnoldia 54(1), 1994, 24-30. CITY OF AUSTIN

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Grave Markers Although many grave markers in Austin Memorial Park Cemetery have shifted and settled due to soil conditions, few are in need of conservation and repair. Most grave markers in this cemetery are composed of granite, a more durable material than marble or limestone, both of which are found primarily at the older cemeteries. However, original examples of art and craft should be carefully documented and protected. The following actions are recommended:

• Avoid using riding mowers and metal core trimmers within 12 inches of markers and plot enclosures. Nylon whips without metal cores can be used for detailed trimming. • Encourage the establishment of groundcovers within curbed or walled family plots, to reduce the amount of mowing and trimming required. • Reset tilted markers to their original position, adding a compacted gravel base when resetting to minimize settling. • Repair damaged markers using techniques as directed by a materials conservator specializing in historic marker material. • Clean markers as recommended in Chapter 3, General Guidelines and Recommendations. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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PRIORITIZED PROJECT LIST AND ESTIMATE OF PROBABLE COSTS Priority One (to be completed within 1-2 years)

These probable costs are estimates based on comparable projects and previous estimates. All costs are subject to fluctuation and/or increase.

Item Estimated Cost Renovate the cemetery offices to better accommodate staff and visitor $1,000,000 needs, including universal accessibility. Replace the chain-link boundary fence along Hancock Drive. Option 1: Replace with black metal picket fence (2300 lf x $40). $92,000 Option 2: Replace with stone wall (2300 lf at 5’ tall x $300/lf). $690,000

Option 3: Replace with combination stone wall and black metal $ TBD picket fence. Design and construct a new cemetery sign between the entrance gate allow $95,000 piers. Develop a kiosk to provide historical and wayfinding information. Option 1: Install information on a board within the office colonnade. $2,500 Option 2: Construct a new kiosk as part of a new visitor garden $7,500 adjacent to the office. Create new wayfinding signage system within the cemetery. $250,000 Develop methodology for monitoring tree conditions. $ TBD Upgrade irrigation system as needed, replacing rotors with ground- $ TBD level quick couplers and hose bibs. Name the cemetery drives as part of the wayfinding project. . $0 (to be completed by volunteers or staff) CITY OF AUSTIN

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Priority Two (to be completed within 3-5 years)

These probable costs are estimates based on comparable projects and previous estimates. All costs are subject to fluctuation and/or increase.

Item Estimated Cost Relocate the maintenance yard, with a new building, to the cemetery’s $5,000,000 north section. Adaptively reuse the maintenance building as a visitor services center.Construct an addition to the office building for administrative and sales offices. Construct a new, 10-car parking lot adjacent to the new visitor services $75,000 center.* Develop a visitor gathering area/garden between the office and new $ TBD visitor services center. Redesign the cemetery entrance garden. $150,000 Develop a columbarium within the cemetery. $2,000,000 Locate at least one scatter garden within the cemetery. allow $500,000 Grind down the asphalt cemetery drive layer and reset limestone units $408,000 along curbs. Place cemetery drive markers at intersections. $4,500 Replace the chain link boundary fence along the northern boundary $34,000 with black chain link. Plant additional trees to screen views on the western boundary $29,000 (MoPac). Replace trees along cemetery drives. $24,000 Adaptively reuse the service tower for storage or other purpose. $ TBD Priority Three (to be completed within 5-7 years)

These probable costs are estimates based on comparable projects and previous estimates. All costs are subject to fluctuation and/or increase.

Item Estimated Cost Replace the chain link boundary fence along the eastern boundary with $34,000 a screening fence. Develop and install interpretive signs at graves of important community $5,000 leaders. Investigate the possibility of green burials within the cemetery. $ TBD Install a concrete sidewalk along Hancock Drive. $57,500

* The Master Plan team originally recommended a 30-car parking lot to meet anticipated visitor needs. The size was reduced to 10 spaces, based on a citizen request and resulting direction by the Environmental Board and Planning Commission. Future construction plans should be based on expected needs as calculated at that time. HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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PLANTING PLAN Please refer to the Site Plan and Detail Plans on the following pages for locations of the plantings described below. MoPac Expressway Screening

Preferred Plant Characteristics and Variety of tree sizes and mature heights to accomplish layered Considerations: screening

Soils: 15-36” silty clay and loam, some shallow soils

Sunlight: Full sun

Planting Cycle: Install all plants in fall and winter

Installation and Maintenance: Refer to the City of Austin’s Native and Adapted Landscape Plants guide (Appendix A) for information on installing and maintaining specific individual species

Recommended Species by Common Crape myrtle, Italian cypress, arborvitae, Ashe juniper, Texas Name: ash, cedar elm, honey mesquite, Lacey oak, escarpment live oak, Monterey oak, Texas red oak, Mexican buckeye, desert willow, Eve’s necklace, goldenball leadtree, kidneywood, Texas mountain laurel, Texas persimmon, pomegranate, Mexican redbud, Texas redbud, Mexican silktassel, evergreen sumac, and rusty blackhaw viburnum CITY OF AUSTIN

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PLANTING PLAN (continued) Please refer to the Site Plan and Detail Plans on the following pages for locations of the plantings described below. Hancock Drive Entrance Drive and Internal Cemetery Drives

Preferred Plant Characteristics and Large evergreen and deciduous trees Considerations:

Soils: 15-36” silty clay and loam, some shallow soils (8-16”) and chalk

Sunlight: Full sun

Planting Cycle: Install all plants in fall and winter

Installation and Maintenance: Refer to the City of Austin’s Native and Adapted Landscape Plants guide (Appendix A) for information on installing and maintaining specific individual species

Recommended Species by Common Southern live oak, Texas ash, cedar elm, Lacey oak, Name: escarpment live oak, Texas red oak HISTORIC CEMETERIES MASTER PLAN

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PLANTING PLAN (continued) Please refer to the Site Plan and Detail Plans on the following pages for locations of the plantings described below. Office and Visitor Area Garden

Preferred Plant Characteristics and Small evergreen and deciduous trees Considerations:

Soils: 15-36” silty clay and loam, some shallow soils (8-16”) and chalk

Sunlight: Full sun

Planting Cycle: Install all plants in fall and winter

Installation and Maintenance: Refer to the City of Austin’s Native and Adapted Landscape Plants guide (Appendix A) for information on installing and maintaining specific individual species

Recommended Species by Common Trees: crape myrtle, Italian cypress, arborvitae, Ashe juniper, Name: honey mesquite, Mexican buckeye, desert willow, Eve’s necklace, goldenball leadtree, kidneywood, Texas mountain laurel, Texas persimmon, pomegranate, Mexican redbud, Texas redbud, Mexican silktassel, evergreen sumac, rusty blackhaw viburnum

Screening shrubs: Italian cypress, arborvitae, Ashe juniper, Mexican buckeye, Texas mountain laurel, Texas persimmon, pomegranate, Mexican silktassel, evergreen sumac, rusty blackhaw viburnum Austin Memorial Park Cemetery 420Site Plan Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, MoPac Expressway Screening Detail Scale: 1” = 60’-0”

421 Austin Memorial Park Cemetery, Hancock Drive Entrance Detail Scale: 1” = 50’-0” 422