DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Hymenoptera Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of Hymenoptera Research J. HYM. RES. Vol. 14(1), 2005, pp. 69-77 The North American Invasion of the Giant Resin Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Ismael A. Hinojosa-Diaz, Olivia YAnez-Ordonez, Guojun Chen, A. Townsend Peterson, and Michael S. Engel (IAH, MSE) Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1460 Jayhawk Boulevard, Snow Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7523, USA; (OY) Museo de Zoologia "Alfonso L. Herrera," Departamento de Biologia Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apdo. postal 70-399 CP 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico; (GC, ATP) Division of Ornithology, Natural History Museum, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, Dyche Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7561, USA — Abstract. The giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith (Megachilidae: Megachilinae), is a species originally of Asia recently adventive in North America. This large and conspicuous species was first recorded at a few localities in the mid-Atlantic states of the United States, but is now found from southeastern Canada (Ontario) to Georgia, and as far west as western Pennsylvania and northwestern Alabama. Known occurrences of this species in its native distributional areas were used to generate an ecological niche model for the species, which can be used to anticipate the geographic potential for species in novel landscapes. The niche model was tested on the native range of the species for robustness in predicting independent suites of occurrence points. The niche model was then used to the distribution of M. in North Amer- — predict potential sculpturalis ica our results indicate that this species has the potential eventually to occupy the entire eastern half of the continent, as far west as the Great Plains. The model also predicts that the species would find appropriate conditions along the Pacific Coast, in Mexico, and in the West Indies. Impacts of M. sculpturalis on native Megachile species are entirely unknown. As the most significant and efficient pol- lifera Linnaeus native to Africa, Europe, linators of flowering plants, bees are crit- the Middle East, and northwestern Asia ical for many aspects of the diversity and (Ruttner 1988), now globally distributed stability of both natural and agricultural as human colonists have transported bee ecosystems; in addition, honey bees have colonies. A famous episode in the pres- long been appreciated for their products ence of honey bees in the Americas was introduction in 1957 of (e.g., honey and wax; Michener 2000). the experimental These beneficial features make it difficult the African A. mellifera scutellata Lepeletier to think of bees as threats when intro- de Saint Fargeau ("Africanized" honey duced into areas outside their native rang- bees) into Brazil, and the later establish- es, despite the widely known negative ef- ment of feral populations throughout fect of exotic species in general (Goulson South and Central America, reaching the 2003, Lawton and Brown 1986, William- southern United States (Kerr 1957, 1967, son 1999, NAS 2002, Perrings ct al. 2002). Michener 1975, Taylor 1977, Sheppard and Several bee species have been intro- Smith 2000). Goulson (2003) mentioned to im- duced into novel regions by man, either other bee introductions carried out deliberately or not. The most famous ex- prove pollination, among the most signif- ample is the western honey bee Apis niel- icant, species of the genera Bombus, Me- 70 Journal of Hymenoptera Research Ascher and Brooks gachile, Osmia and Nomia. (2001) polylectic (Mangum 1997). mentioned the presence of 17 adventive Combining the records reported by Batra and bee species in North America, providing (1998), Ascher (2001), and Mangum taxonomic, geographic and biological in- Sumner (2003), in North America, M. formation for Hylaeus (Spatulariella) hyali- sculpturalis has been recorded foraging on natus Smith, and occurrence notes for Au- flowers of at least 16 plants of 12 families, thidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus), the most commonly visited being ever- A. (Proanthidium) oblongatwu (Illiger), Hop- lasting pea, Lathyrus latifolius Linnaeus Che- litis (Hoplitis) anthocopoides (Schenck), (Leguminosae); Japanese pagoda, Sophora lostoma (Gyrodromclla) rapunculi (Lepeletier japouica Linnaeus (Leguminosae); privet, 1 C. de Saint Fargeau) , (Fovcosmin) campan- Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton (Oleaceae); and ularum (Kirby), (our subject herein) and golden-rain tree, Koelreuteria panicu- Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis lata Laxmann (Sapindaceae), the first na- Smith. tive to Europe and the remainder to Asia. The resin bee, M. is a giant sculpturalis, Female M. sculpturalis leave a trace of their robust bee distributed in eastern widely foraging activity on flowers of everlasting Asia Taiwan, and (China, Japan, Korea). pea and Japanese pagoda by puncturing The is differentiated from species easily the standard petal (Mangum and Sumner native North American its Megachile by 2003). (14-19 mm in males, 22-27 mm elongate In the last decade, M. sculpturalis has ap- in females) black parallel-sided body, peared in eastern North America, with head, and dark mesosoma with fulvous populations established and spreading setae and Brooks 1997) 1). (Mangum (Fig. from their initial areas of appearance It nests preferentially in shady places, a (probably near Baltimore, accidentally in- minimum of 0.5 m above the ground, in a troduced, via cargo from Japan or China; variety of cavities, e.g., dry, hollow hori- Batra 1998, Mangum and Brooks 1997). zontal stems (bamboo in its native range), Megachile sculpturalis was first collected in and empty burrows made by other hy- North America in 1994 on the campus of menopterans (Iwata 1933, Okada 1995), in- North Carolina State University, and by cluding abandoned wood burrows of car- 1996 was widespread in North Carolina penter bees (Piel 1933). This latter behav- (Mangum and Brooks 1997), also reaching ior has already been documented in North Delaware (Mangum and Sumner 2003). It American populations (Mangum and has since over much of eastern Brooks 1997). Brood cells are made of res- spread North America, with records as far west in from conifers (Iwata 1933) and maple as Athens, Limestone Co., Alabama, as far gum (Piel 1933), from which the name "gi- south as Auburn, Lee Co., Alabama (Kon- ant resin bee" derives (Batra 1998). In Ja- do ct al. 2000), and as far north as Onon- pan, its period of adult activity is from late New York and June through September (Iwata 1933), co- daga Co., (Ascher 2001), Ontario, Canada and Sumner inciding with the blooming of kudzu (Mangum Records also exist from [Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi (Legu- 2003). Georgia, South Penn- minosae)], its principal source of pollen Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, West (Batra 1998), although it is known to be sylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Washing- ton D.C., Tennessee, and Connecticut (Mangum and Sumner 2003). Batra (1998) 1 This has often been referred to the old- species by predicted, based on its Asian range, that er, but preoccupied, name of C. fuliginosum (Panzer) M. sculpturalis would come to inhabit the (a junior primary homonym in Apis), which was re- to climates placed by C. nigricorne (Nylander), but this itself is a humid, subtropical temperate synonym of C. rapunculi. of the southeastern and mid-Atlantic Unit- Volume 14, Number 1, 2005 71 habitus. Fig. 1. Megachile sbulpturalis Smith, female from Japan, above dorsal habitus, below lateral ed States, from eastern Texas and Florida, range ecological characteristics provide north to southern New England. excellent predictivity regarding invaded- Herein we have applied methods of eco- range ecological and geographic potential Panetta Suth- logical niche modeling. Extensive previ- of species (Scott and 1993, ous studies have indicated that native- erst et al. 1999, Skov 2000, Zalba ct al. 2000, 72 Journal of Hymenoptera Research Peterson et al. 2003). Although this ap- mental Panel on Climate Change, native proach does not provide comprehensive resolution 50 x 50 km: http://www.ipcc. in scale be- predictions of geographic range because ch/). To minimize conflicts of other complicating factors (Peterson et tween topographic and climatic data, we al. 2003), the resulting predictions never- conducted analyses at an intermediate res- X theless offer an excellent summary of spe- olution (10 10 km). — cies' invasive potential. As such, we use Ecological niche modeling. Ecological this technique to predict the potential ex- niches are herein defined as the set of con- tent of M. sculpturalis' invasive range in ditions under which a species is able to North America. maintain populations without immigra- tion Our METHODS (Grinnell 1917, 1924). approach consisted of three steps. (1) Model ecolog- Input data. —Collections with specimens ical niche requirements of the species of M. sculpturalis were studied to obtain based on known occurrences in the native native-range occurrence data suitable for distribution area of the species. (2) Test the retrospective georeferencing. Specimen accuracy of the native-range predictions data were taken from the Snow Entomo- based on spatially structured subsets of logical Collection, Division of Entomolo- the available information. (3) Project the gy, University of Kansas Natural History niche model onto North America to iden- to in- Museum, Lawrence, KS, USA; Kyushu tify areas predicted to be susceptible University, Japan; Institute of Zoology, vasion. Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Megachile (Callomegachile) Sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Apoidea: Megachilidae): a New Exotic Species in the Iberian Peninsula, and Some Notes About Its Biology
    Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 82: 157-162. 2018 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)157 GEA, FLORA ET fauna GEA, FLORA ET FAUNA Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Apoidea: Megachilidae): a new exotic species in the Iberian Peninsula, and some notes about its biology Oscar Aguado1, Carlos Hernández-Castellano2, Emili Bassols3, Marta Miralles4, David Navarro5, Constantí Stefanescu2,6 & Narcís Vicens7 1 Andrena Iniciativas y Estudios Medioambientales. 47007 Valladolid. Spain. 2 CREAF. 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Spain. 3 Parc Natural de la Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa. 17800 Olot. Spain. 4 Ajuntament de Sant Celoni. Bruc, 26. 08470 Sant Celoni. Spain. 5 Unitat de Botànica. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès. Spain. 6 Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers. 08402 Granollers. Spain. 7 Servei de Medi Ambient. Diputació de Girona. 17004 Girona. Spain. Corresponding author: Oscar Aguado. A/e: [email protected] Rebut: 20.09.2018; Acceptat: 26.09.2018; Publicat: 30.09.2018 Abstract The exotic bee Megachile sculpturalis has colonized the European continent in the last decade, including some Mediterranean countries such as France and Italy. In summer 2018 it was recorded for the first time in Spain, from several sites in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Here we give details on these first records and provide data on its biology, particularly of nesting and floral resources, mating behaviour and interactions with other species. Key words: Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachile sculpturalis, exotic species, biology, Iberian Peninsula. Resum Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Apoidea: Megachilidae): una nova espècie exòtica a la península Ibèrica, amb notes sobre la seva biologia L’abella exòtica Megachile sculpturalis ha colonitzat el continent europeu en l’última dècada, incloent alguns països mediterranis com França i Itàlia.
    [Show full text]
  • MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES to PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Osmia Bicornis © Lcrms/Shutterstock.Com
    1 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Osmia bicornis © lcrms/Shutterstock.com Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators Environment 2 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators This document has been drafted by IUCN within the framework of the contract No 07.0202/2018/795538/SER/ ENV.D.2 “Technical support related to the implementation of the EU Pollinators Initiative”. The information and views set out in this document may not be comprehensive and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission, or IUCN. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document. Neither the Commission nor IUCN or any person acting on the Commission’s behalf, including any authors or contributors of the notes themselves, may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. IUCN. 2019. Managing invasive alien species to protect wild pollinators. Technical guidance prepared for the European Commission under contract No 07.0202/2018/795538/SER/ENV.D.2 “Technical support related to the implementation of the EU Pollinators Initiative”. List of contributors: Kevin Smith, Ana Nunes, Giuseppe Brundu, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Xavier Espadaler, Simone Lioy, Aulo Manino, Marco Porporato, Stuart Roberts, and Helen Roy. Date of completion: January 2020 MANAGING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO PROTECT WILD POLLINATORS 3 What should you know about pollinators? What is pollination? Pollination – the transfer of grains of source of food are the most effective pollen between flowers on different pollinators.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Decline of Wild Bees: Optimizing Conservation Measures and Bringing Together the Actors
    insects Review Beyond the Decline of Wild Bees: Optimizing Conservation Measures and Bringing Together the Actors Maxime Drossart * and Maxence Gérard * Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (M.G.) Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 18 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Simple Summary: Wild bees represent the main group of pollinators in Europe, being responsible for the reproduction of numerous flowering plants. However, like a non-negligible part of biodiversity, this group has been facing a global decline mostly induced by numerous human factors over the last decades. Overall, even if all the questions are not solved concerning the causes of their decline, we are beyond the precautionary principle because the decline factors are roughly known, identified and at least partially quantified. Experts are now calling for effective actions to promote wild bee diversity and the enhancement of environmental quality. In this review, we present a general and up-to-date assessment of the conservation methods, as well as their efficiency and the current projects that try to fill the gaps and optimize the conservation measures. This publication aims to be a needed catalyst to implement concrete and qualitative conservation actions for wild bees. Abstract: Wild bees are facing a global decline mostly induced by numerous human factors for the last decades. In parallel, public interest for their conservation increased considerably, namely through numerous scientific studies relayed in the media. In spite of this broad interest, a lack of knowledge and understanding of the subject is blatant and reveals a gap between awareness and understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Distance from Invasive Lythrum Salicaria On
    EFFECTS OF DISTANCE FROM INVASIVE LYTHRUM SALICARIA ON POLLINATOR VISITATION RATE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN NATIVE LYTHRUM ALATUM A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Anthony Steven Kinyo August, 2005 EFFECTS OF DISTANCE FROM INVASIVE LYTHRUM SALICARIA ON POLLINATOR VISITATION RATE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN NATIVE LYTHRUM ALATUM Anthony Kinyo Thesis Approved: Accepted: ______________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Randall J. Mitchell ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Stephen C. Weeks Dr. Charles B. Monroe ______________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Peter H. Niewiarowski Dr. George R. Newkome ______________________________ Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Numerous people have helped me during this project and I could not have completed the research without all of their generous support. I would like to begin by thanking Dr. Randy Mitchell for his constant enthusiasm and positive encouragement throughout the research process. Thanks Randy, you have helped me to become a better scientist and researcher and I appreciate all that you have done for me. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Steve Weeks and Dr. Peter Niewiarowski, who provided feedback and assistance throughout the research process. Next, I would like to the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Summit County Metroparks, and Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge for allowing me to pursue my research on their land. The University of Akron Biology Department provided financial assistance. Robert Jean, Donald Webb, Martin Hauser, and John Ascher deserve thanks for helping me to identify the numerous pollinators collected during the experiment.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review for the Pollinators of Papilionaceous Flowers
    Turkish Journal of Biodiversity Turk J Biod, March 2021, 4(1): 36-52 https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.814617 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ e-ISSN:2667-4386 http://dergipark.org.tr/biodiversity REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access A review for the pollinators of Papilionaceous flowers Kelebek şeklinde çiçek açan çiçeklerin tozlayıcıları için bir inceleme Deniz AYGÖREN ULUER Ahi Evran University, Çiçekdağı Vocational College, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 40700, Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir, Turkey Article Info ©2021 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical ABSTRACT Garden Application and Research The evolution of keel flowers within Fabaceae, Polygalaceae and some other clades of angiosperms is Center of Artvin Coruh University. attributed to skilled and strong bees. However, whether this is true or not, is still an open question. Therefore, the literature is surveyed for the Hymenopteran pollinators of keel flowers, for 119 sources Corresponding author and for 112 species, six genera and two tribes for five characters which are the size of the flowers, e-mail: [email protected] Hymenopteran flower visitors/pollinators, size of the Hymenopteran pollinators, pollen and nectar ORCID: 0000-0002-2095-3816 robbers/thieves and size of the Hymenopteran thieves/robbers. The results suggest that Fabales keel Article history flowers are mainly pollinated by long-tongued bees, from Apidae and Megachilidae families; and the Received: October 22, 2020 most common pollinators of the keel flowers are small Megachile and Osmia; medium-sized Apis, Received in revised form: March 29, 2021 Anthophora and Eucera; and large Xylocopa, Bombus and Centris. While the literature suggests that Accepted: March 30, 2021 keel flowers are pollinated by skilled and strong bees, the results of the current review have shown Available online: March 31, 2021 that this is not the whole case in terms of flower size and bee size.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Resin Bee Megachile Sculpturalis (Smith) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)1 Kristen C
    EENY-733 Giant Resin Bee Megachile sculpturalis (Smith) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)1 Kristen C. Stevens, Cameron J. Jack, and James D. Ellis2 Introduction Originally from eastern Asia, the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis (Smith) (Figure 1), was accidentally introduced into the United States in the 1990s. It is considered an adventive species (i.e., non-native and usually not established), but is present in most states in the eastern US. Although these bees can be found on various plants, they typically prefer plants that have been introduced from their native area. Some have observed that when collecting pollen or nectar, Megachile sculpturalis will damage local flora, making them unusable to future bee visitors (Sumner 2003). Evidence has shown that Megachile sculpturalis pollinates a native and federally threatened plant, Apios Figure 1. A female giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), pricenana (Campbell 2016). collecting pollen. Credits: Paula Sharp Distribution Megachile sculpturalis is native to China, Japan and a few other locations in eastern Asia. This bee was first inter- cepted in the US in North Carolina in 1994 at commercial ports; thus, it is believed to have arrived to the US ac- cidentally via international trade. Since coming to the US, it inhabits most states east of the Mississippi River. Based on its native range and preference for humid, subtropical, and temperate climates, it is predicted that this large invasive bee will continue to spread throughout the US (Parys et al. 2015) (Figure 2). Figure 2. This map shows the predicted distribution of Megachile sculpturalis (Smith). Credits: Ismael A. Hinojosa-Diaz, University of Kansas 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvem
    SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Dissertations and Theses Fall 11-18-2019 Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvement in Understanding Species Distributions Abigail Jago [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Forest Biology Commons Recommended Citation Jago, Abigail, "Understanding Habitat Effects on Pollinator Guild Composition in New York State and the Importance of Community Science Involvement in Understanding Species Distributions" (2019). Dissertations and Theses. 117. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/etds/117 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING HABITAT EFFECTS ON POLLINATOR GUILD COMPOSITION IN NEW YORK STATE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY SCIENCE INVOLVEMENT IN UNDERSTANDING SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS By Abigail Joy Jago A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, New York November 2019 Department of Environmental and Forest Biology Approved by: Melissa Fierke, Major Professor/ Department Chair Mark Teece, Chair, Examining Committee S. Scott Shannon, Dean, The Graduate School In loving memory of my Dad Acknowledgements I have many people to thank for their help throughout graduate school. First, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucera, Beiträge Zur Apidologie
    Eucera 9: 3–10 (2015) ISSN 1866-1521 Paul Westrich, Andreas Knapp & Ingrid Berney Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), a new species for the bee fauna of Germany, now north of the Alps Abstract In 2015 the bee species Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853, originally native to East Asia, has been detected north of the Alps for the first time. Hitherto, this adventive species was only known from south of the Alps with areas in southern France, northern Italy and southern Switzerland colonized since the first European record in 2008. One of the locations reported here is the town of Langenargen, Germany, at the northern lakeshore of Lake Constance; the other one is the city of Zürich, Switzerland. At both sites females have been observed nesting in man-made wooden nesting aids for solitary bees and wasps put up in private gardens. At the German site 14 nests had been built. For this reason M. sculpturalis has to be added as new to the list of German bee species. A brood cell in one of the German nests contained exclusively pollen of Styphnolobium japonicum, an exotic tree that seems to be very attractive as a pollen source and may promote the further spread of M. sculpturalis in cen- tral Europe. We discuss how the arrival of the species can be explained. Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2015 wurde die ursprünglich in Ostasien beheimatete Bienenart Megachile sculpturalis Smith 1853 erstmals nördlich der Alpen nachgewiesen. Bislang war sie nur südlich der Alpen bekannt, wo sie Gebiete in Südfrankreich, Norditalien und der Südschweiz besiedelt hatte, seit sie 2008 in Allauch bei Marseille erstmals in Europa festgestellt wurde.
    [Show full text]
  • First Finding of Megachile Sculpturalis Smith (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
    GORTANIA. Botanica,GORTANIA Zoologia 39 (2017) Botanica, Zoologia 39 (2017) 37-40 Udine, 31.X.2018 ISSN: 2038-0402 Pietro Zandigiacomo FIRST FINDING OF MEGACHILE SCULPTURALIS Massimo Grion SMITH (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) IN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA (NORTH-EASTERN ITALY) PRIMO RINVENIMENTO DI MEGACHILE SCULPTURALIS SMITH (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) IN FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA (ITALIA NORD-ORIENTALE) Abstract - In the summer of 2017 the first specimens of the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), a polylectic allochthonous species of Asian origin, were observed in a family garden in Romans d’Isonzo (district of Gorizia, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, north-eastern Italy). Outside the house, these large blackish wild bees nested in two sites: the hollow of a large ornamental log and a metal ventilation pipe emerging from a wall. In the previous three years until the spring of 2017, the same log hollow had been used for nesting by the carpenter bee Xylocopa cfr. violacea (L.) (Hymenoptera, Apidae). After being discovered in France in 2008, M. sculpturalis was observed for the first time in Italy in 2009 in Piedmont and then in other Italian regions, as well as in Switzerland, Germany and Hungary. In particular, the finding of giant resin bees presented in this paper is the easternmost record in Italy for this species to date, which is rapidly spreading throughout Europe. Key words: Apoidea, Wild bee, Allochthonous species, Diversity, Distribution, North-eastern Italy. Riassunto breve - Nell’estate 2017 la presenza di esemplari Megachile sculpturalis Smith (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), una specie polilettica di origine asiatica, è stata osservata per la prima volta in un giardino di Romans d’Isonzo (provincia di Gorizia).
    [Show full text]
  • Observer Cards—Bees
    Observer Cards Bees Bees Jessica Rykken, PhD, Farrell Lab, Harvard University Edited by Jeff Holmes, PhD, EOL, Harvard University Supported by the Encyclopedia of Life www.eol.org and the National Park Service About Observer Cards EOL Observer Cards Observer cards are designed to foster the art and science of observing nature. Each set provides information about key traits and techniques necessary to make accurate and useful scientific observations. The cards are not designed to identify species but rather to encourage detailed observations. Take a journal or notebook along with you on your next nature walk and use these cards to guide your explorations. Observing Bees There are approximately 20,000 described species of bees living on all continents except Antarctica. Bees play an essential role in natural ecosystems by pollinating wild plants, and in agricultural systems by pollinating cultivated crops. Most people are familiar with honey bees and bumble bees, but these make up just a tiny component of a vast bee fauna. Use these cards to help you focus on the key traits and behaviors that make different bee species unique. Drawings and photographs are a great way to supplement your field notes as you explore the tiny world of these amazing animals. Cover Image: Bombus sp., © Christine Majul via Flickr Author: Jessica Rykken, PhD. Editor: Jeff Holmes, PhD. More information at: eol.org Content Licensed Under a Creative Commons License Bee Families Family Name # Species Spheciformes Colletidae 2500 (Spheciform wasps: Widespread hunt prey) 21 Bees Stenotritidae Australia only Halictidae 4300 Apoidea Widespread (Superfamily Andrenidae 2900 within the order Widespread Hymenoptera) (except Australia) Megachilidae 4000 Widespread Anthophila (Bees: vegetarian) Apidae 5700 Widespread May not be a valid group Melittidae 200 www.eol.org Old and New World (Absent from S.
    [Show full text]
  • Far Eastern Entomologist Number 395: 7-13 ISSN 1026-051X November
    Far Eastern Entomologist Number 395: 7-13 ISSN 1026-051X November 2019 https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.395.2 http://zoobank.org/References/0FCD2DB0-BB19-4E76-B8C2-EC39B9B837B8 FIRST RECORD OF THE INVASIVE GIANT RESIN BEE MEGACHILE (CALLOMEGACHILE) SCULPTURALIS SMITH, 1853 (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE) IN THE CRIMEA S. P. Ivanov1), A. V. Fateryga2*) 1) Taurida Academy of the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, 295007, Russia. 2) T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS – Branch of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Kurortnoye, Feodosiya, 298188, Russia. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Summary. Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 was revealed nesting in a trap nest and a “bee hotel” in Simferopol. The nests were built of conifer resin with addition of mud and sawdust. Females visited inflorescences of Eryngium campestre L., Inula helenium L., and Carduus acanthoides L. while pollen samples taken from one foraging female contained only pollen of Ballota nigra L. Such a find of a newly established invasive species in the Crimea represents the easternmost point in its European range and possibly the most remarkable jump-dispersal event in its distribution (1,130 km from the nearest previously known point in Hungary). This is the first invasive megachilid bee species known to Russia. Key words: megachilid bees, Russia, distribution, nesting biology, trap nests. С. П. Иванов, А. В. Фатерыга. Первая находка гигантской инвазивной пчелы-смолевщицы Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) в Крыму // Дальневосточный энтомолог. 2019. N 395. C. 7-13. Резюме. Гнездование Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 обнаружено в гнезде-ловуш- ке и «гостинице для пчел» в Симферополе.
    [Show full text]
  • The Giant Resin Bee, Megachile Sculpturalis Smith: New Distributional Records for the Mid- and Gulf- South USA
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6733 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e6733 Taxonomic Paper The Giant Resin Bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith: New Distributional Records for the Mid- and Gulf- south USA Katherine A. Parys‡, Amber D. Tripodi§, Blair J. Sampson| ‡ USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States of America § USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect: Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT, United States of America | USDA-ARS Southern Horticultural Research Unit, Poplarville, MS, United States of America Corresponding author: Katherine A. Parys ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Kuhlmann Received: 01 Oct 2015 | Accepted: 21 Oct 2015 | Published: 30 Oct 2015 Citation: Parys K, Tripodi A, Sampson B (2015) The Giant Resin Bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith: New Distributional Records for the Mid- and Gulf-south USA. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e6733. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.3.e6733 Abstract Background Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, the giant resin bee, is an adventive species in the United States. First established in the United States during the early 1990s, records currently exist from most states east of the Mississippi River along with Iowa and Kansas. New information New distributional records are presented for Megachile ( Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, an introduced bee. Additional records presented here expand the known distribution southwest through Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. An updated host plant list containing new records is also presented, expanding the number of known floral associations. © Parys K et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]