DOCSLIB.ORG

The Helminthological Society of Washington

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Helminthological Society of Washington Volume 32 January 1965 Number 1 The Helminthological Society of Washington A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthology and all branches of Parasitology Supported in part by the Brayton H. Ransom Memorial Trust Fund Subscription $7.00 a Volume; Foreign, $7.50 ANDERSON, R. V., AND W. J, BEMBICK, Micronema deletrix, n. sp., a Saproph- agous Nematode Inhabiting a Nasal Tumor of a Horse 74 Anniversary Award—Jessie R. Christie . 110 CHING, HILDA LEI. Life Cycles of Lacunovermis conspicuus n. gen., n. sp. and Meiogymnophallus multigemmulus n. gen., n. sp. (Gymnophallidae : Trematoda) from Macoma inconspicua and Diving Ducks from Vancouver, Canada . ^ 53 FISCHTHAL, JACOB H., AND ROBERT E. KUNTZ. Digenetic Trematodes of Fishes from North Borneo (Malaysia) —1 : 1- : . 63 (Continuedon Back Cover) Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington THE SOCIETY meets once a month from October through May for the presentation and discussion of papers in any and all branches of parasitology or related sciences. All interested persons are invited to attend. The annual dues, including the Proceedings, are $6.00. OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 1965 President: LEO A. JACHOWSKI, JR. Vice President: DONALD L. PRICE Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer: EDNA M. BUHRER Assistant Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer: MARION M. FARR Recording Secretary: FRANK W. DOUVRES Librarian: JUDITH M. HUMPHREY (1962- ) Archivist: JOHN T. LUCKER (1945- ) Representative to the Washington Academy of Sciences: AUREL O. FOSTER (1965- ) Representative to the American Society of Parasitologists: CHARLES G. DURBIN (1965- ) Executive Committee Members-at-Large: WILLIAM B. DEWITT, 1965 ,: DONALD B. McMULLEN, 1966 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TEE PROCEEDINGS are published by the Helminthological Society of Washington. However, papers need not be presented at a meeting to be published in the Proceedings. Non-members may publish in the Proceedings if they will contribute the full cost of publication. Two issues are published each year in January and July. MANUSCRIPTS may be submitted to any member of the Editorial Committee. Manu- scripts must be typewritten, double spaced, and in finished form. Only the ribbon copy will be accepted for publication; it is accepted with the understanding that it will be published only in the Proceedings. ( , REPRINTS may be ordered from the PRINTER at the same time the corrected proof is returned to the EDITOR. BACK VOLUMES of the Proceedings are available. Inquiries concerning back volumes and current subscriptions should be directed to: :'--' Miss Edna M. Buhrer, Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer, Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, U.S.D.A., Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE GILBERT F. OTTO, Editor, 1969 Scientific Divisions, Abbott Laboratories . " - North Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. A. JAMES HALEY, Assistant Editor, 1967 Zoology Department, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, U.S.A. AUREL O. FOSTER, 1965 ALLEN McINTOSH, 1966 - Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory Beltsville Parasitological Laboratory U.S.D.A. U.S.D.A. JESSE R. CHRISTIE, 1968 PAUL P. WEINSTEIN, 1969 Experiment Station , Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Florida N.I.H., U.S.P.H.S. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington VOLUME 32 JANUARY 1965 NUMBER 1 New Species of the Genera Tylencholaimus and Dorylaimellus from South Africa1 S. P. KRUGER Tylencholaimus gertii n. sp., Tylencholaimus MALES : Unknown. dorae n. sp., Dorylaimellus caffrae n. sp., and TYPE LOCALITY: Horticultural Research In- Dorylaimellus graminis n. sp. are described stitute, Pretoria. from specimens obtained from soil collected at HOLOTYPE AND PARATYPE: Deposited in the the Horticultural Research Institute, Pretoria, national survey collection of the section Nem- South Africa. atology, Division of Plant Protection, Depart- ment of Agricultural Technical Services. Slide Tylencholaimus gertii n. sp (Fig. 1, a—d) No. 1386. DIMENSIONS (2 females): L = 0.61-0.62 HABITAT: Collected from soil which had mm; a = 17-21; b = 3.6; c = 22-24; V = been used for various horticultural crops. I4ol6. Tylencholaimus gertii n. sp. does not seem FEMALES: Cuticle with fine, nearly incon- to be very abundant. spicuous transverse striae, two layers thick DIAGNOSIS: Tylencholaimus gertii n. sp. dif- around the tail with a narrow portion on the fers from T. zeelandicus de Man, 1876 (which terminus. Lip region set off by a deep con- is the only other species of the genus with the striction; the outer lips somewhat angular, the ovary posterior, reflexed) in the formation of inner portion projecting inwards and forwards. the lip region and in that the vulva is posi- Spear 8 p long with an aperture of 3 p.; the tioned farther back in the body (32% for that width of the spear 1 ^ and the spear extension of T. zeelandicus}. 10 /j.. Amphids broad, opening % as wide as Tylencholaimus dorae n. sp. (Fig. 2, a-d) head. Body nearly straight when killed by gradual heat. Neck tapers from its base an- DIMENSIONS (13 females): L = 0.73-0.95 teriorly so that the lip diameter is about % mm; a = 25-27; b = 3.8-4.5; c = 33-37; that of the base of the neck. Tail bluntly V = 12-1385_07; (two males): L = 0.73; convex-conoid. The terminal core of the tail a = 25-26; b = 3.8-4.0; c = 30-31; T - 71. possesses a characteristic bowl-shaped form. FEMALES: Cuticle with fine transverse striae, Subcuticle striated, irregularly separated from two layers thick. Lip region set off by a deep the cuticle. Lateral cord V-t as wide as body constriction; the outer portion somewhat an- diameter. Anterior region of esophagus narrow gular, the inner portion projecting inward and and then expanding gradually to the main mus- forward. Amphid aperture about half the same cular region, occupying about % its length. head diameter. Neck tapering, so that the lip Intestine three cells in circumference contain- region width is about % the base of neck ing fine granules. Prerectum about 5 times the diameter. The tail bluntly conoid; with a pair length of the rectum. The female reproductive subdorsal and a pair subventral papillae. Sub- organ, single, posterior, reflexed about % back cuticle striated, with a stalk-like projection of to vulva. Vagina about % across body. Ante- the terminal core to the tail tip. Lateral cord rior uterine branch present. Cardia hemispher- about half body diameter and sometimes with ical in shape. obscure glandular organs from which the lat- eral pores originate. Spear 8 ^ aperture about 1 Adapted from a dissertation presented to the Depart- ment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Pretoria, half its length; spear extension about 1% as Pretoria, South Africa. long as spear, semicuticularized. Basal enlarge- Present address: Section Helminthology, Veterinary Re- search Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa. ment of esophagus about half its length. Cardia Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington PROCEEDINGS OF THE [VOL. 32, No. 1 O2 mm Ol mm E e e CM O Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington JANUARY, 1965] HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Fig. 2. Tylencholaimus dome n. sp. a. Head end, lateral view; b. Female tail region, lateral view; c. Female reproductive organ, lateral view; d. Male tail region, lateral view. hemispherical about % body diameter in stretched. Supplements three, plus the usual length, dorsoventrally flattened. Vulva with adanal pair. Subcuticle with irregular trans- a transverse slit; vagina about halfway across verse striae. Tail dorsally convex—conoid with body, extending slightly forward. Ovary an- a blunt terminus. terior, reflexed about halfway back to vulva. TYPE LOCALITY: Horticultural Research In- Body slightly curved ventrally when killed by stitute, Pretoria. gradual heat. HOLOTYPE, ALLOTYPES, AND PARATYPES: De- MALES: Body in the form of a J when killed posited in the national survey collection of the by gradual heat. Testes two, opposed out- section Nematology, Division of Plant Protec- Fig. 1. Tylencholaimus gertii n. sp. a. Female, lateral view. Thermal death position; b. Head end, lateral view; c. Female tail region, lateral view; d. Vulval region, lateral view. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington PROCEEDINGS OF THE [VOL. 32, No. 1 Olmm O2 mm Fig. 3. Dorylaimellus caffrae n. sp. a. Head end, lateral view; b. Female tail region, lateral E view; c. Female reproductive E organ, lateral view; d. Anterior ro region, lateral view. O Ol mm Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington JANUARY, 1965] HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY tion, Department of Agricultural Technical length of the reflexed parts of the gonad Services. Slide No. 1385. varies. HABITAT: Collected from soil which has MALES: Unknown. been used for various horticultural crops. TYPE LOCALITY: Horticultural Research In- Tylencholaimus dome n. sp. seems to be well stitute, Pretoria. represented, although the males seem to be HOLOTYPE AND PARATYPES: Deposited in the very rare. national survey collection of the section Nema- DIAGNOSIS: Tylencholaimus dome n. sp. is tology, Division of Plant Protection, Depart- closely related to Tylencholaimus proximus ment of Agricultural Technical Services. Slide No. 1376. Thorne, 1939 but differs from the latter species HABITAT: Collected from hills covered with in being longer and in the position of the vulva. trees such as Dombeya sp., Acacia spp., Harpe- phyllum species, and Combretum spp.; several Donjlaimellus caff me n. sp. (Fig. 3, a-d) spots in agricultural fields and compost heaps. DIMENSIONS (3 females): L = 0.44-0.47 DIAGNOSIS: Dorylaimellus caff me n. sp. is mm; a = 26-27; b = 2.4-3.0; c = 27-29; closely related to D. parvulus Thorne, 1939 but differs from it in the much shorter prerectum V = ?67-ei? and in having fewer lateral gland organs. FEMALES: Cuticle with well-developed transverse striae, two layers thick clearly visible around the tail. Lips set off by a slight Dorylaimellus graminis n. sp. (Fig. 4, a-e) constriction. Amphids calyx-shaped, aperture DIMENSIONS (3 females): L = 0.88-0.90; nearly as wide as head diameter.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nematodes of the Order Dorylaimida from Andalucia Oriental, Spain
    Fundam. appl. Nemawl., 1996,19 (5),481-497 Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Andalucia Oriental, Spain. The families Leptonchidae Thome, 1935 and Aulolaimoididae Jairajpuri, 1964 Manuel PERALTA and Reyes PENA SANTIAGO Universidad de Jaén, Deparlamenlo de Biologia Animal, Vegetal)' Ecologia. Virgen de la Cabeza nO 4, 23008Jaén, Spain. Accepted for publication 28 September 1995. Surmnary - ln this sixth paper of the series on lepranchid nematodes from Andalucia Oriental (Southeastern Spain) we present eigth previously known species belonging ra six different genera : Adenolaimus (Lepranchidae), Basirotylepws, FunarW, Lepwnchus, ProlepwlUhus and Meylis (AuJolairnoididae). Excepting for the twO species of Funana, descriptions, measurements and illustrations of the materia1 studied are given. Four species are new records ra the European fauna. Résumé - Nématodes de l'ordre des Dorylaimida d'Andalousie orientale, Espagne. Les familles Leptonchidae Thome, 1935et AulolaimoididaeJairajpuri, 1964- Ce sixième article de la série sur les nématodes Lepranchides d'Andalousie orientale (Espagne du sud-est) traite de huit espèces déjà décrites appartenant à six genres différents: Adenolaimus (Leptonchidae), Basirotyleptus, Funana, Lepwnchus, Prolepwnchus et Meylis (Aulolaimoididae). A l'exception des deux espèces de Funana, les descriptions, mensurations et illustrations du matériel étudié sont données. Quatre espèces sont nouvelles pour la faune européenne. Key-words : Adenolaimus, Andalucia Oriental, BasirotyleplUs, description, Ftmana, Lepwnchus, lv1.eylis, Proleptonchus, Spain, taxo­ nomy, nemarades. Nematodes of the family Leptonchidae have been on­ Leptonchus granulosus Cobb, 1920 ly recently found in Spain. Jiménez Millan el al. (1965, = LeplOnchus scintillans Loof, 1964 1967) and G6mez Barcina and Jiménez Millan (1967) (Fig. 1) recorded Xiphinemella sp. in severallocalities; however, this genus was not collected again during the last 20­ MEASUREMENTS 30 years and we are not certain of its presence in the See Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Outline
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering, Science, and Mathematics School of Ocean and Earth Science Resolving phylogenetic relationships within the order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) by Holly Marie Bik Thesis of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2010 Graduate School of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton This PhD Dissertation by Holly Marie Bik has been produced under the supervision of the following persons Supervisors Prof John Lambshead Dr Lawrence Hawkins Dr Alan Hughes Dr David Lunt Research Advisor Prof W. Kelley Thomas Chair of Advisory Panel Dr Martin Sheader 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS SCHOOL OF OCEAN & EARTH SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE ORDER ENOPLIDA (PHYLUM NEMATODA) by Holly Marie Bik The Order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) has been proposed as a divergent nematode lineage—Enoplid nematodes are thought to exhibit morphological and developmental characteristics present in the ‘ancestral nematode’. However, previous molecular phylogenies have failed to unequivocally confirm the position of this group. The Enoplida is primarily comprised of free-living marine species; if these taxa represent close relatives of the nematode ancestor, this relationship would presumably imply a marine origin for the phylum. Prior to this investigation, few publically available gene sequences existed for Enoplid nematodes, and published sequences represented only shallow water fauna from Northwest Europe. This study has aimed to improve resolution at the base of the nematode tree, using drastically increased taxon-sampling within the previously neglected Enoplid clade. Morphological identifications, nuclear gene sequences (18S and 28S rRNA), and mitochondrial gene sequences (Cox1) were obtained from marine specimens representing a variety of deep-sea and intertidal habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • The Helfflinthological Society of Washington ,'-R*.I- :;.-V' '..--Vv -' 7 3 --,/•;,•¥'- -'•••^~''R.H
    Volume 48 Number 2 PROCEEDINGS The Helfflinthological Society of Washington ,'-r*.i- :;.-V' '..--vV -' 7 3 --,/•;,•¥'- -'•••^~''r.h. ^ semiannual journal /of research devofed to He/minfhibleigy cind a// branches ,of Paras/fo/ogy ••".,-,• -•-': ••'•'.'•' V -.?>••; ',..'• •' :"-'-*$i . ,••• '..'.„ '".-•„•//• " r ' ' • l\" "A V SilipjDOrted in part by the ' ';v.^'Xy ? : Dayton H. Ransom MernoridlJrost Fund i/7 ; •..-•''.'• "'t'" ' • ''?:-'. ~^' ' '/...;'- . '.'' " '~ , '-•_•_. - ''•' '}( Vs jSubscription $18.00 a Volume; Foreign, $19.00 -; Y.= V:'^''VI-'. .; > ''_'•.. ":':': ->r^ ' >..- • -'". --; "'!"-' •''•/' ' CONTENTS . :. '^.^ -•v~;'-. '•" 'BAKER, "JMicpAELvR. Rede^cription of,}Pneutnonema tiliquae Jphnstori, (<1916_ (Nematodaiijihab'diasidae) from an Australian Snk _,r ___ ".iL.:vi-^-— L.— ^. _v. .1 '159 CAMISHIQN, GpAiNE lyi., WjLLiyvM J. BACHA, JR., AI^D \Y &TEMPEN, :The /Circunioval Precipitate^ and Cercarierihulien Reaktion" ; _of Auytrpbil- ; - harzia variglandis ... ^-.-^..:._-___ _ — —^-1—-.—-—^— —It^— -—-,-—!-— 1—,: ___202 ^ATALANOX PAUL A- AND FRANK J. EroESi Piagiopqrus gyrinophili sp, -n. , i (Tfematoda: Opecoelidae) xfrom Gyrinophilus porphyriticus duryi Tand Pseuddlritonruber(Cavtdata; Pletjhlodontidae) .^— - _____ *--..—/ —-L-—..—i._.--- 198 ;i)EARpOREF, ^THOMAS L. (AND ROBIN ;M. OvERSTREET. Larval Hysterothyl- ,-'- acium '(^Thynnascaris) ...(Nematoda: Ani?akidae)v frorh "Fishes and Jnyerte- ^the'>Gulf of^Mexico ..'..fL-.', ___ ju-.l.'.tu ___ ^'--*.T.^.--— ..— --1- ____ I.l---i._l-- v CHRISTIAN, LLEN D. JOHNSON, AND EDMOUR BLOUIN. Nedscuk pyri- ,- fe>rm/5 ^Chandler, 1951 (Trematoda:iDipl6stomatidae);;Redescription I'and/'Jiici- "dence in Fishes from Brule Creek, South Dakota — :„ _. vj- ____ L. .—'^ — !• ____ -v-l~ ,177 FERRIS, V. R., J. M. FERRIS, AN!D C-:G. GOSECO. Phylpgenetic arid Biogeograph- • •* 'ic /.Hypotheses Ain Leptonchidae (Nejnatoda: ipprylaimida) and a ^New Glassi- /:" ;;fieation -^...,..... IL_- ____T ___ —_„..-%_.__ iL- ___ ....V...- ___ ; ___________ ^-.^.v.I:_.k-.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Dorylaimoides Thorne and Swanger, 1936
    Fundarn. appl. Nernawl., 1997,20 (3),243-251 The genus Dorylaimoides Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). 1. Taxonomy and variability Reyes PENA SA.NTIAGO* and Manuel PERALTA** e' Universidad de Jacn. Deparlarnenlo de Biologia Animal, Vegelal)' Ecologia. Paraje "Las Lagu.mllas "s/n, Edificio n" 5, 23071jaen, Spain and ,,;, 1. B. "Auringis ", Avda. de Andaluda s/n, 23005jaen, Spain. Accepted for publication ] 3 May] 996. Summary -A general revision of differenr aspects of the morphology and taxonomy of the genus DOly/airnoides Thome & Swanger, 1936 is presenred. Variabiliry ofthe morphological features is described and illustrated, and their taxonomic value is briefly discussed. The taxonomical position of the genus, its relationships with other genera and its intrageneric taxonomy are likewise treated. A list of the species is also given. Reswne - Le genre Dorylaimoides Thome & Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda: Dorylairnida). 1. Taxinornie et variabilite­ Une revision generale des differenrs aspects de la morphologie et de la taxonomie du genre Dorytairnoides Thome & Swanger, 1936 est presentee. La variabilite des caraeteristiques morphologiques est decrite et illustree, et !eur valeur taxonomique est discuree brievemenr. La position taxonomique du genre, ses relations avec d'autres genres et la taxonomie intragenerique sont ega!emenr traitees. Une liste des especes est donnee. Key words: D01ylairnoides, nematodes, taxonomy. Dorylalmoldes Thorne & Swanger, 1936 is one espe­ body diameter at neck base; tapering also, towards the cially interesting dorylaimid nematode genus due to its posterior extremity more or less according to the tail intricate taxonomy and its relatively wide morphological shape. In general, body slender since de Man's " a " variability. At present, it contains more than 60 species, ratio usually varies from 30 to 40 but may exceed the some of which have been described from a small num­ latter value.
    [Show full text]
  • Outcrossing and Parasitism in the Nematode Phylum
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12565 A phylogenetic test of the Red Queen Hypothesis: Outcrossing and parasitism in the Nematode phylum Amanda Kyle Gibson1,2 and Jesualdo Arturo Fuentes1 1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 2E-mail: [email protected] Received May 7, 2014 Accepted November 6, 2014 Sexual outcrossing is costly relative to selfing and asexuality, yet it is ubiquitous in nature, a paradox that has long puzzled evolutionary biologists. The Red Queen Hypothesis argues that outcrossing is maintained by antagonistic interactions between host and parasites. Most tests of this hypothesis focus on the maintenance of outcrossing in hosts. The Red Queen makes an additional prediction that parasitic taxa are more likely to be outcrossing than their free-living relatives. We test this prediction in the diverse Nematode phylum using phylogenetic comparative methods to evaluate trait correlations. In support of the Red Queen, we demonstrate a significant correlation between parasitism and outcrossing in this clade. We find that this correlation is driven by animal parasites, for which outcrossing is significantly enriched relative to both free-living and plant parasitic taxa. Finally, we test hypotheses for the evolutionary history underlying the correlation of outcrossing and animal parasitism. Our results demonstrate that selfing and asexuality are significantly less likely to arise on parasitic lineages than on free-living ones. The findings of this study are consistent with the Red Queen Hypothesis. Moreover, they suggest that the maintenance of genetic variation is an important factor in the persistence of parasitic lineages. KEY WORDS: Asexual reproduction, continuous-time Markov model, host–parasite coevolution, selfing, sexual outcrossing, stochastic character mapping.
    [Show full text]
  • USING MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES to INVESTIGATE SOIL INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES in TEMPERATE FORESTS a Thesis Submitted to Kent State Un
    USING MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES TO INVESTIGATE SOIL INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN TEMPERATE FORESTS A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science By Dean James Horton December, 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Thesis written by Dean James Horton B.S., Kent State University, 2012 M.S., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by Christopher B. Blackwood, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences, Thesis Co-Advisor Mark W. Kershner, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences, Thesis Co- Advisor Laura G. Leff, Chair Professor, Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences James L. Blank, Dean, Ph.D., College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS I. LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………….…………………… vi II. LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………..…………………….. x III. DEDICATION ………………………………………….………………….. xii IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………...... xiii V. CHAPTERS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ………………………...………………... 1 REFERENCES …………………………………………..………………. 4 2. A PRIMER COMPARISON FOR MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF INVERTEBRATE TAXA FROM SOIL AND LEAF LITTER ENVIRONMENTAL DNA ………………………………..…………… 11 1. ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………... 11 2. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………….. 11 3. METHODS …………………………………………………………. 14 3.1. INDIVIDUAL VOUCHER SPECIMEN COLLECTION…….... 14 3.2. PRIMER TESTING ON INVERTEBRATE VOUCHER SPECIMENS………………………………………………...….. 14 3.3. eDNA IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES…………………… 16 4. RESULTS…………………………………………………………... 17 4.1. INVERTEBRATE VOUCHER SPECIMENS…………………. 17 4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL AND LEAF SAMPLES……….…. 18 5. DISCUSSION………………………………………………………. 19 iii 6. REFERENCES……………………………………………………… 21 3. HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING REVEALS HIGH SOIL FAUNAL DIVERSITY AND SMALL-SCALE COMMUNITY TURNOVER IN TEMPERATE FORESTS…………………………….. 33 1. ABSTRACT………………………………………………………… 33 2. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………...… 34 3. METHODS…………………………………………………………. 38 3.1. STUDY AREA AND SAMPLING DESIGN………………..… 38 3.2. COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION……………..…….…. 39 3.3. DATA ANALYSIS…………………………………………..… 41 3.3.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera--An Outline for Soil Ecologists
    JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY VOLUME 25 SEPTEMBER 1993 NUMBER 3 Journal of Nematology 25(3):315-331. 1993. © The Society of Nematologists 1993. Feeding Habits in Soil Nematode Families and Genera--An Outline for Soil Ecologists G. W. YEATES, 1 T. BONGERS,2 R. G. M. DE GOEDE, 3 D. W. FRECKMAN, 4 AND S. S. GEORGIEVA5 Abstract: Because research on nematode involvement in trophic interactions, foodweb structure, and biodiversity is constrained by lack of an overview of nematode feeding habits, this outline presents a consensus of current thought on nematode feeding habits. The source of food is funda- mental to trophic interactions and provides the basis for our definitions of the essential feeding types: 1) plant feeder, 2) hyphal feeder, 3) bacterial feeder, 4) substrate ingester, 5) predator of animals, 6) unicellular eucaryote feeder, 7) dispersal or infective stage of parasites, and 8) omnivore. Lists of families and genera with their presumed feeding types are given. Major gaps in knowledge of feeding in the smaller tylenchids and many dorylaims are noted. Key words: bacterial feeding, feeding habit, foodweb, fungal feeding, nematode, omnivore, pred- ator, soil ecology, trophic interaction. With the increasing interest of soil ecol- there will follow a better understanding of ogists in the role of nematodes in ecosys- the role of nematodes in soil and how tem processes (roles such as nutrient cy- changes in environmental factors influ- cling, biological control and economic crop ence the composition of the nematode loss), there is an unmet need for a concise fauna. summary of current knowledge of nema- The first comprehensive review of tode feeding habits.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubiquity of Microscopic Animals? Evidence from the Morphological Approach in Species Identifi Cation
    13 Ubiquity of microscopic animals? Evidence from the morphological approach in species identifi cation T o m A r t o i s , D i e g o F o n t a n e t o , W i l l i a m D . H u m m o n , S a n d r a J . M c I n n e s , M . A n t o n i o T o d a r o , M a r t i n V . S ø r e n s e n a n d A l d o Z u l l i n i 1 Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium 2 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA 4 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK 5 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy 6 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark 7 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie & Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms: Is Ever y thing Small Ever y where?, ed. Diego Fontaneto. Published by Cambridge University Press. © The Systematics Association 2011. UBIQUITY OF MICROSCOPIC ANIMALS? 245 13.1 Introduction Zoologists always hope to fi nd unusual and interesting new animals in exotic places. Over the last few centuries, scientifi c expeditions in remote places outside Europe and North America have indeed discovered new species and even higher taxa of vertebrates, insects and other macroscopic animals, completely diff erent from the ones previously known in the home country.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematode Soil Community Structure and Function As a Bio-Indicator Of
    I Nematode soil community structure and function as a bio-indicator of soil health in Fynbos and deciduous fruit orchards by Caro Kapp Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Sciences in the Faculty of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr A.P. Malan Co-supervisors: Dr P. Addison and Ms S.G. Storey March 2013 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za II Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2013 Copyright © 2013 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za III Acknowledgements I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to the following persons and institutions: My supervisors Dr. A.P. Malan and Mrs. S.G. Storey for their guidance, interest, support and constructive criticism during the course of this study. N. Ntushelo and M. Booyse, Biometry division Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, for assistance with statistical advice and analyses. Dr. A. Swart, Dr. E. Marais and Dr. E van den Berg from the National Collection of Nematodes, Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria for training in the identification of nematodes. Mr. B. Gilson, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Each Phylum, but Not All Were Used in Phylogenetic Analyses
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering, Science, and Mathematics School of Ocean and Earth Science Resolving phylogenetic relationships within the order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) by Holly Marie Bik Thesis of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2010 Graduate School of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton This PhD Dissertation by Holly Marie Bik has been produced under the supervision of the following persons Supervisors Prof John Lambshead Dr Lawrence Hawkins Dr Alan Hughes Dr David Lunt Research Advisor Prof W. Kelley Thomas Chair of Advisory Panel Dr Martin Sheader 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS SCHOOL OF OCEAN & EARTH SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE ORDER ENOPLIDA (PHYLUM NEMATODA) by Holly Marie Bik The Order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) has been proposed as a divergent nematode lineage—Enoplid nematodes are thought to exhibit morphological and developmental characteristics present in the ‘ancestral nematode’. However, previous molecular phylogenies have failed to unequivocally confirm the position of this group. The Enoplida is primarily comprised of free-living marine species; if these taxa represent close relatives of the nematode ancestor, this relationship would presumably imply a marine origin for the phylum. Prior to this investigation, few publically available gene sequences existed for Enoplid nematodes, and published sequences represented only shallow water fauna from Northwest Europe. This study has aimed to improve resolution at the base of the nematode tree, using drastically increased taxon-sampling within the previously neglected Enoplid clade. Morphological identifications, nuclear gene sequences (18S and 28S rRNA), and mitochondrial gene sequences (Cox1) were obtained from marine specimens representing a variety of deep-sea and intertidal habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Biodiversity: an Outline of Higher-Level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness
    Title Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness Authors ZHI-QIANG ZHANG Publication date 2011/12/23 Journal name Zootaxa Volume 3148 Pages 1–237 Description Edited open-access book providing the total numbers of described species of animal phyla and an outline of the most updated higher classification to the family level for many groups. Chapters contributed by a team of over 100 specialists. An essential reference for those interested in biodiversity and animal classification. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3148 Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness ZHI-QIANG ZHANG (ED.) New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted: published: 23 Dec. 2011 ZHI-QIANG ZHANG (ED.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Zootaxa 3148) 237 pp.; 30 cm. 23 Dec. 2011 ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2011 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing.
    [Show full text]