STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AT GRASS ROOT LEVEL IN PUNJAB (HOCKEY, AND )

Hummera Mughal, Maryam Iqbal, Aqsa Shamim Ahmed

Abstract:

Sports have never been seen as a concentrated industry with probable greatness and influence of social, political and business action in Paki- stan. Sports have increasingly notable prospective and positive depiction than any other social drive for health-enhancing physical actions. This re- search mentions three basic divisions of Punjab sports which are hockey, cricket and basketball. It includes all the issues which are faced by Sports Board Punjab and Cricket Board regarding above mentioned di- visions in past years and to suggest required advancement for sec- tor. The significance of the study is to draw attention to the Government to the underdeveloped areas of sport sector in hockey, cricket and football to enhance it at grass root level. Hockey is the national sport of Pakistan but its ranking is getting low because the management system and strate- gies of the development of hockey department are not proceeded further. Moreover, cricket is a most popular . Basketball team of Pakistan also represents at international level and our team won silver medal in 2013 at regional level. From results and discussions, it is evi- dent that hockey is now being improving as compared to previous perfor- mances in the past years. As we know that Pakistan has good taste in cricket so it is still at the top of sports. The strategies planned and imple- mented ratio is satisfactory by PCB. However, basketball needs some at- tention but it has trained coaches, we just need to publicize it. Moreover, at high level, Sports Board Punjab must be based on public and private members by having full knowledge of sports and games.

Keywords: Strategic Planning, Sports, Sports Board Punjab, Sports Diplomacy, Sports Development

Introduction:

Sports play contributory pa- seen as a concentrated industry rt in country-building because it with probable greatness and in- breaks down all things in the way fluence of social, political and to join together the country. In business action in Pakistan. The any case, sports have never been views and need of fascinated de-

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Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports signs has not as it were come It is accentuated that the congru- about in stopping fact of sports ous excellence of sports curricu- uses at the national and interna- lum increases the life skills such tional levels, but have too incred- as self-control, management wh- ibly affected the youngsters wh- ich play the paramount task in a ich was made on sports grounds [1]. scholastic plus in the communal circumventions. Sports circumve- It is said that the variety of ntions are further consequential human exercises that significant- in youth because it avails them to ly gives to typify welfare of the face the challenge and be edified masses and has uncounted plan- to handle the convincing life with ned for carrying them together, in expertise [4] any specimen of age groups, so- cial cause or religious grouping. Globally sport has been per- Sports have increasingly notable ceived as an institution that in- prospective and positive depic- cludes a component to play in tion than any other social drive making a difference people to be- for health-enhancing physical ac- come a convivial and dynamic tions. Astonishingly, the unaf- part of society. For many people, fected potential of the sports has the amendment of positive life not however been documented to faculties is, in authenticity, a ma- promote physical, collective and jor reason for interest in sports. knowledgeable exercises in Paki- Life skills not only offer assista- stan [2]. nce youth prosper in sporting workouts but moreover it adds to Sports play a critical part in the individual’s prosperity in physical, intelligent, positive and non-sports situation [5]. high-energy, social and mental progression of its participants wi- Sport covers a sequence of thout any unfair treatment based physical exercises in which adults on skin color, age, etc. Male and and young individuals may take female are equal but still women a concentration. Physical educa- are facing different issues of in- tion is a process of cognition; the equity all through the world esp- set being made mainly physical. ecially in Islamic nations and de- The reason of this process is to veloping nations of the world. [3] stimulate specific information, 35

The Shield (ISSN-1991-8410) Vol. 15, 2020 abilities and understanding, and government and public levels, to progress physical proficiency. are fundamental causes for the Individual sporting activities can terrible state of affairs. Another and do add to this cognition pro- concern is the dedication of local cess, and the cognition process governments in progression and potentiates awareness in sport. aid of sports activities is irrele- The focus in any case is on the vant. Due to financial requirem- child and his or her progression ents, sports activities exercises at of physical proficiency, in lieu of the Tehsil and local tiers are now the actions [6]. not held most of the times. There's a requirement of financial There are many variables help to sportsmen, in specific re- which make problems in the way signed. of sports activities at exclusive levels. Among these, one is want It is stressed on the non-acc- of professional financing for essibility of property or cash for showing sports workout routines sports workouts is considered at exclusive levels. There are few one of the major blockades in the important problems which in- approach of sports activities cludes the absence of sports ac- growth. tivities formation. The present se- rvices of sports are now not at It is determined in the 11th that stage to meet the prospects year plan that due to need of re- of the athletes and don’t coordi- search, out of date techniques are nate the usual procedures. Th- being used in sports. Progressive ere's an inadequacy of expert methods, units and agenda are coaches and trainers as well. not accessible. The mass collabo- ration is highly low and men and Moreover, the countrywide women of Pakistan have almost sports enterprise has quality sca- improper interest in games, or- rcity of sports offices to their de- ganized at the provincial and prived implementation. In any country wide levels. case, compelling sports office co- nveyers and their assigned inter- We know that hockey is the face, and want of harmonization national sport of Pakistan but its amongst these associations, at the ranking is getting low because 36

Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports the management system and and to suggest required advanc- strategies of the development of ement for sport sector. hockey department are not proc- eeded further. Moreover, cricket Literature Review: is a most popular sport in Paki- stan. The segment of cricketing Sport is an important por- enthusiasm has gotten logically tion of the life. Accomplishments enunciated in Pakistan, generally in sports are not as it was helpful as a result of the dreadful disa- for an athlete physique yet addi- greement of religious and sectari- tionally it incorporates more to an cruelty that has immersed the his economic wellbeing in the country, setting off an inclination general public. Sports interest separation, chaos and misery in gives a phase for socialization to the troubled society (Paracha, its members. Khan Faheem Ullah 2015) [6]. In a similar way, Basket- did exploration study inside the ball team of Pakistan represents zone of Dera Ismail Khan, Khy- at international level and our ber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The team won silver medal in 2013 at fundamental focuses of the study regional level. were to assess the piece of family as a social establishment inside The rationale of the study is the headway of sports, to per- to highlight the sport sector of ceive the job of Madaras as social Punjab Pakistan, and mention organizations inside the devel- those divisions in which the Gov- opment of sports, to study the ernment need to plan strategies role of religious teaching as social and put some effort to improve institution inside the progression those sector in sports department of sports, to perceive the relation- to bring it at the grass root level. ship among social instruct family, The research mentions three basic ardent instruct and educational divisions of Punjab sports which instruct concerning their part are hockey, cricket and basket- within the improvement of sports ball. The study includes all the and to degree the differentiation issues which were faced by among the social educate family, Sports Board Punjab and Pakist- religious foundations include an Cricket Board regarding above noteworthy role in the advance- mentioned divisions in past years ment of sports. Educational or- 37

The Shield (ISSN-1991-8410) Vol. 15, 2020 ganizations as social foundations Urge focuses are to show up the also have a noteworthy impact criticalness for the and inside the progression of sports. Indian and the centrality and sig- In view of discoveries the analyst nificance of this wear in reported inferred that family, religious as- periods. The cricket sports board sociations and educational estab- is as yet attempting to construct lishments as social organizations the tranquil environment among have an imperative influence in Pakistan and (Shahid, S. A., the sports progress [7]. (Khan 2015) [9]. Faheem Ullah, 2017) Pakistan might be a country In the research work done plague with politicized risks, by Munt Valeria (2015), it com- monetary issues, ethnic conflicts, petes that the act of sports tech- religious enthusiasm and crises of nique has given countries with character. It is furthermore a cou- relative offensive associations, ntry in which the preoccupation with a 'delicate section' to a pos- of cricket has terminated the na- sible recovery of their propitiato- tion over obsession. A Muslim ry relations. He notices that legis- country, like Pakistan, desirous lature and specialists should wo- of its independence and chose to rk for the sports strategy, sports make a Pakistani charm, so en- discretion has had an important thusiastically handle the untou- and triumphant effect in the im- chable refined gentleman’s redi- provement of associates both in rection imported by the far away the national and in worldwide and pulled back past pioneer domain [8]. specialists. It has been observed that Western wear came to em- As we know the importance bed itself into the psyche of Paki- of sports between two or more stanis old and young, and within countries, it is worthwhile to put the condition of cricket inside the a light on the sports relationship district is simply the way to un- between Pakistan and India in derstanding Pakistan. Sports like terms of cricket. For both of the cricket enthrall basic peruses and countries the principal issue for cricket fans, simultaneously ex- the harmony is Kashmir which is hibiting essential scrutinizing for the complicated zone by India. audiences of Pakistan, India and 38

Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports the South area. (Khan Sha- hancement required in this sec- haryar & Khan Ali ,2013) [10] tor.

Few of the researches show Objectives: the sport related awareness in Pakistan. It is explored that there Following are the major ob- is low awareness for sports in jectives of this article: Pakistan (Voss, Connolly, Sch- wab, and Scher 2015). Tragically 1. To emphasize the role of this doesn't occur at school or sports in a society of Punjab. school level sports. This could be 2. To highlight the issues of because of the need of care of the sport sector at grass root level results of awareness which prom- in hockey, cricket and basket- pts the need of significance given ball. to them, budgetary objectives or 3. To examine the required areas inaccessibility of clinical offices in for the advancement in sports a low-incomes nation like Paki- sector of Punjab. stan. Right now, Pakistan is defi- 4. To observe the last five-year cient with regards to a legitimate strategy plans proposed/used body to direct this issue. Our by Sports Board Punjab and need ought to be to advance the . knowledge nearly the executives among medicinal services experts Significance of the study and spread care of the symptoms The significance of the of low awareness so that the har- study is to draw attention to the med decide to search for treatment. Government to the underdevel- (Haider, Mohammad ,2016) [11] oped areas of sport sector in hockey, cricket and football to Problem Statement enhance it at grass root level. This This research work focuses research scrutinizes those factors on the strategies planning for the in which the planning and strate- sports at grass root level in Pun- gies are required for the boosting jab regarding hockey, cricket and of Punjab sports. basketball. This study illustrates the value of sports and the en-

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Research Questions ing systematically assessing writ- 1. What are the issues faced by ings such as from reports. In this Punjab sports regarding ho- method subjective information ckey, cricket and basketball? can be changed into quantitative 2. In which aspects the Punjab information. In this research, the sports board is required de- strategies and polices of Sports velopment at grass root lev- Board Punjab and Pakistan el? Cricket Board of last or upcoming 3. What are the steps should be few years are analyzed. taken by Federation for the Punjab sport development? 2. Interview The opinions and thoughts Theoretical Framework: of the management authorities and sports related people about the improvement required in Punjab sport department regard- ing hockey, cricket and basketball are interviewed and analyzed.

Results and Discussion This research study has been discussed as three main sports, i.e. hockey, cricket and basketball, the- refore, each one is observed and

analyzed separately: Materials and Methods

Research methodology is a 1. Hockey technique to do an investigation, The record of hockey matc- to tell that how the data was hes is recorded in the following gathered and under what condi- table and it is analyzed on the ba- tion the research has done. Two sis of won the match, lost the ma- methodologies are used: tch, draw the match or what is

the position achieved by the te- 1. Content Analysis: ams in the last 2 years [12]. We It is an investigation meth- have taken only 10 tournaments od used to deduct results by do- as a sample:

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Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports

Points Sr. Tourna- (won / In the above illustrated gr- Year Status No ments lost / aph, it’s clear that the performa- draw) Training nce of hockey team is kept fluc- Tour of 1. 2019 10 Won tuating from 2018 to 2019 tour- Hockey naments which are 10 in total. In Team vs 2018, first tournament was lost Pakistan 2. 2019 10 Won four match then hockey team had won the series Test matches match as the graph is showing 3. 2019 01 Lost GER v PAK suddenly risen. The team was Fih Hockey Olympic managed to keep its position and 4. 2019 01 Lost Qualifiers Ned V Pak performance but in the next tour- 13th Azlan 5. 2018 07 Silver nament it was again declining. Shah Cup Women’s The points are at average from Asian 6. 2018 05 Position Games Qual- 2018 to 2019 middle stage but at ifier 7th tournament it again lost the World XI 7. tour to Paki- 2018 01 Lost performance and the graph at a stan Tri Angular continuous equilibrium position 8. 2018 08 Position Series but in the recent tournaments the Common 9. Wealth 2018 07 Position hockey team of Pakistan was ca- Games Asian Youth pable again to achieve the targets Olympic 10. 2018 01 Lost and still its maintaining its posi- Games Qual- ifiers tion in the matches which shows a good sign. Performance of Hockey Team 2. Cricket On Jun 15, 2020, the Paki- 12 stan Cricket board released its 10 five-year strategic plan (2019- 8 2023), which has been approved 6 by the Board of Governors. Cap- 4 tioned under Five-Year Plan to 2 0 Inspire and Unify Our Nation, the document explains strategic and corporate goals, for the pro- gress and improvement of the national men’s, women’s and 41

The Shield (ISSN-1991-8410) Vol. 15, 2020 teams and offers a clear path and 5. Expansion of extraordinary arrangement for grassroots performance system and re- growth. formation of the PCB depart- The six prominent features ments. of the strategy are [14]: 6. Appointment of Ehsan Mani as Chairman of the ICC’s in- 1. Sustainable Corporate Gove- fluential F&CA, Wasim Khan rnance as member of the ICC Wom- 2. Deliver World Class Interna- en’s Committee, Salman Nas- tional Teams eer as member of the ICC Saf- 3. Grassroots and Pathways Fra- eguarding Panel, Sana Mir as mework member of the ICC Women’s 4. Inspire Generations Through Committee. our Women’s Game 5. Grow and Diversify Commer- Strategies Frequency Percentage Corporate Gov- cial Revenue Streams 7 11.111 ernance 6. Enhance the Global Image of World Class Pakistan International 9 14.285 Teams Grassroots 13 20.634 Some important achievem- Framework ents since February 2019 of PCB Women’s Game 8 12.698 [15] Commercial are : Revenue 7 11.111 1. Application of PCB Constitu- Streams Global Image 13 20.634 tion 2019; progress of Cricket Neutral 9.523 6 Associations and City Cricket response Associations constitutions and their approvals by the Board Hypothesis: of Governors H0 Last five-year strategy plans 2. Restructuring of the domestic proposed / used by Pakistan Cri- structure cket Board are adequate for ad- 3. Appointment of high-quality vancement in sport sector of Pun- experts and coaches with the jab Pakistan national men’s team H1 Last five-year strategy plans 4. Whole of the HBL PSL in Pa- proposed / used by Pakistan Cri- kistan, MCC tour to Pakistan cket Board are not adequate for after 48 years and the return advancement in sport sector of of after 10 years Punjab. 42

Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports

Population properly so we have put them in The population for the cur- the category of neutral as 9.523%. rent study consisted of 12 partic- Grassroots Framework and Glob- ipants including higher manage- al Image have the highest fre- ment from PCB, players and au- quency which shows that Paki- diences. Only 27% people from stan Cricket Board is satisfyingly PCB are agreed to take part in following the planning strategies questionnaires and interview ses- while Corporate Governance and sions. It is combined with the re- Commercial Revenue Streams are sponse rate to proposes that re- illustrating less which depicts th- sults of the research can be gen- at it is not paying attention to th- eralized to the target population. ese fields. They are needed to fol- The questionnaire is validated by low the strategies in such a way different members of strategic pl- that PCB must create revenue fr- anning, higher management, ed- om the matches as well as they ucational management as well as must meet the corporate govern- sports authority. The reliability of ance in real sense. It can be illus- the survey tool was determined trated in the following graph: with the help of Cronbach’s al- pha. Coefficients for alpha is a= Strategies 0.8284. A pilot study was also led, and recommended develop- 15 ments were integrated in the final 10 research. 5

0 After taking interviews re- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 garding the implementation of this strategic plan and the previ- ous plans, we have concluded the In order to do chi-square following statistical data which test, first we have to define the has been analyzed: null and alternative hypothesis which was written before. The percentage fitted in all Ho : pA=0.5 and pB=0.5 of the six strategies of cricket pla- Or Ho : pA= pB nned and implemented by PCB. and H1 : pA ≠0.5 and pB ≠ 0.5 Some participants don’t response or H1 : pA≠ pB

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From calculation, chi-square the opponents’ basket, but it’s a value is 4.532 and critical value is game where you also have to 12.592. Our level of significance is block the opponents’ attempts to 0.05 and p-value is 0.5 so its mean score through higher guard, bet- that we should not reject Ho as ter ball holding, offensive and null hypothesis is “Last five-year defensive rebounds, control and strategy plans proposed/used by sharing of the ball and through Pakistan Cricket Board are ade- perfect strategy and use of substi- quate for advancement in sport tute players in limited time by an sector of Punjab”. By observing intelligent coach. this result, we have come to kn- Degree Level Fre- Squares of of ow that Pakistan Cricket Board is Strategies Mean quen value free- Signif- cy implementing properly according dom icance Leadership 0.28 2 0.820 0.537 0.65 to the strategies and plans. strategies Training 0.55 2 0.55 0.67 0.796 strategies 1. Basketball Oppressive controlled 3.325 2 3.325 3.34 0.068 Basketball is one of the fast- strategies est games in the world but un- Social and moral 0.614 2 0.614 0.885 0.348 luckily it is facing great crisis in support Pakistan. Once known and famil- strategies The speed and intensity of iar sport, basketball is now facing almost extinction in Pakistan. Pa- this game puts a lot of pressure kistan Basketball Federation (PBF) on players as well as coaching is taking frantic measures to re- staff. Any basketball player who lacks physical fitness, correct cover the lost value of this game that stands among the three most fundamental skills and a sharp popular sports in the world. Bas- mind can’t be spun into a superi- or player by any coach. All of the ketball requires highest athletic federations must commence to fitness, speed, stamina, quickness and an intelligent mind capable perform talent hunt programs at of making rapid decisions in few schools, colleges and at region level, and establish coaching and seconds. , and football have cultured, learnt referee clinics. The responsibility and approved various strategic of promotion of basketball is the novelties from basketball. It is not responsibility of the federation [16]. just about putting the ball into

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Strategic Planning for the Improvement of Sports

Methodology Problems and Issues Faced by In order to investigate the Hockey, Cricket and Basketball strategic plans and their results at regional level of Punjab, a survey is 1. Sports like Hockey, Cricket designed for basketball players. It’s and Basketball don’t have in- an important tool to gather and an- frastructure. The facilities pro- alyze the data from the sample. vided to them are not up to the mark and at international Sample standards. The sample size for the re- 2. There is a shortage of trainers search is 15 basketball players and trained coaches. from School Basketball 3. Sports culture has been de- Association who have voluntarily clined due to poor economy, participated in the case study. unstable law and order weak Following strategies have social values. In this case, all been chosen for observation: educational institutions and

The p-value is 0.05. The clubs must take the responsi- above table shows that signifi- bility in providing support to cant difference is 0.65 in leader- games especially basketball. ship strategies offered by PBBF 4. PBBF doesn’t have coordina- (Pakistan Basketball Federation). tion and their personal inter- In a similar way, it is revealed ests influence the perfor- that there is overall significant mance of sports. relationship among the player’s 5. Due to financial crisis, the sp- performance and strategies im- orts level at district level is plemented which increases the not satisfactory. performance of basketball throu- 6. The retired players don’t get ghout Punjab. They are positively enough financial assistance. It associated in basketball teams. is less than one percent in Pa- While interviewing with the kistan [16]. players, it is indicated that Paki- 7. Pakistan is short of talented stani basketball players have less sports people. The education- communication among each oth- al institutions must perform er and having lack of interper- as a nursery at grassroots lev- sonal skills during training ses- el but they are unable to do sion. so. 45

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8. Obsolete techniques are still es or budget allocation for these being used in sports field. sports are the most important and Modern techniques and infra- influential factor among factors of structure are not using at sports performance (Buts, Du Bois, grassroots level even. Heyndels, & Jegers, 2013). Proper 9. Women participation in implementation of strategic plans sports is extremely little. with financial aid are necessary for the growth of these sports as de- Conclusion cline of field hockey at gross root From the above results and level is lack of financial resources discussions, it is evident that ho- allocated for the welfares of ath- ckey is now being improving as letes. compared to previous perform- ances in the past years. As we References know that Pakistan has good ta- Weed, M., & Bull, C., 2012: Sports tour- ste in cricket so it is still at the top ism: Participants, policy and pro- viders. Routledge, https://www. of sports. The strategies planned pc.gov.pk/uploads/plans/Ch11- and implemented ratio is satisfac- Youth-sports-tourism1.pdf tory by PCB. However, basketball needs some attention but it has Hussain, A. H., Farid, A. F., Hussain, S. trained coaches, we just need to H., & Iqbal, S. I., 2011: The Future of Budgetary Allocation to Sports publicize it only. Moreover, at Sector in Pakistan: Evidences from high level, Sports Board Punjab Autoregressive Integrated Moving must be based on public and pri- Average Model, https://mpra.ub. vate members by having full uni-muenchen.de/41979/1/MPRA knowledge of sports and games. _paper_41979.pdf

It must hire sport technocrats and Khan, M. Y., Jamil, A., Khan, U. A., capable administrators. It needs Kareem, U., & Imran, G., 2012: Fe- to be focused on roadmap devel- male Students Opinion about op by the high authorities to Women's Participation in Sports. combat various issues discussed International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social above. The involvement of the Sciences, https://s3.amazonaws. private sector must be involved com/academia.edu.documents/36 at national and provincial level. 730984/female_students_opinion_a According to this view, financial bout_womens_participation_in_sp resources, economic circumstanc- orts.pdf

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