Prepared For: Prepared By

SUPPLEMENTAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. CHINCHAGA LATERAL LOOP NO. 3

FOR THE COMMUNITIES OF:

HORSE LAKE FIRST NATION PADDLE PRAIRIE MÉTIS SETTLEMENT DUNCAN'S FIRST NATION DOIG RIVER FIRST NATION DENE THA’ FIRST NATION BEAVER FIRST NATION FORT VERMILION MÉTIS LOCAL 74

June 2012 7400

THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE LOCATION AND NATURE OF USE OF ALL SITES HAS BEEN PRESERVED THROUGHOUT THIS REPORT

Prepared for: Prepared by:

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. TERA Environmental Consultants A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 TransCanada PipeLines Limited Ph: 403-265-2885 Calgary, Alberta

NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 June 2012 / 7400

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL), a wholly owned subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited, is applying to the National Energy Board (NEB) under Section 52 of the NEB Act for authorization to construct and operate the Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 (Chinchaga Section), to receive and transport natural gas supply from the Horn River area of British Columbia. The Chinchaga Section is a facility included in the proposed Northwest Mainline Komie North Extension (the Project). Traditional Knowledge studies for the Chinchaga Section were initiated in early 2011 and supplemental Traditional Knowledge studies were initiated during the spring of 2012.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) Biophysical Study Date Communities Wildlife June 5 to 10, 2012 Duncan's First Nation, Dene Tha’ First Nation, Doig River First Nation (field survey participant), Beaver First Nation, Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74, Horse Lake First Nation June 19 to 21, 2012 Duncan's First Nation, Dene Tha’ First Nation, Doig River First Nation (field survey participant), Beaver First Nation, Horse Lake First Nation

Traditional Land Use (TLU) Results Review/ Community Map Review Interviews Overflight Site Visits Mitigation Meetings Horse Lake First Conducted third-party TLU study. January 23 and 27, 2012 Nation June 20, 2012 Paddle Prairie Métis March 24, 2011 ------June 28, 2011 Settlement October 31, 2011 June 21, 2012 Duncan's First Nation Conducted third-party TLU study. October 4 to 5, 2011 January 23 and 27, 2012 June 20, 2012 Doig River First Nation Conducting third-party Traditional Use Study (TUS). June 9, 2012 To be determined Dene Tha’ First Nation Conducted third-party TLU study with TERA Environmental Consultants August 30 to September 13, 2011 September 1, 2011 Conducting field revisits along certain portions of the Project. July 2012 To be determined Beaver First Nation March 23, 2011 January 26 to 27, March 23, 2011 -- June 27, 2011 2011 September 30, 2011 June 26, 2012 Fort Vermilion Métis March 28, 2011 -- March 28, 2011 -- June 27, 2011 Local 74 November 8, 2011

Supplemental Traditional Knowledge studies have identified the following traditional use sites or features within the Footprint of the Chinchaga Section requiring mitigation:

• potential evidence of caribou was observed from KP 32 to KP 33 along the Chinchaga Section during the ground reconnaissance with Duncan’s First Nation in October 2011. NGTL will implement measures to control line-of-sight at a select location from KP 32 to KP 33.

To date, supplemental Traditional Knowledge studies have not identified any other traditional use sites or features requiring mitigation along the Chinchaga Section.

In the event that additional sites requiring mitigation are identified during the TUS with Doig River First Nation and/or construction, the accepted and proven mitigative strategies outlined in this Traditional Knowledge Report and in the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan (Section 20.5 of the Environmental Socio-economic Assessment for the Project) will be implemented.

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CREDIT SHEET

PARTICIPATING ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES:

• Horse Lake First Nation; • Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement; • Duncan's First Nation; • Doig River First Nation; • Dene Tha’ First Nation; • Beaver First Nation; and • Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74.

TERA PERSONNEL:

• Paul Anderson; • Chanda Drebet; • Carrie Dunn; and • Wanda Lewis.

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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 June 2012 / 7400

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Description ...... 1 2.0 TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ...... 3 2.1 Objectives ...... 3 2.1.1 Study Area Boundaries ...... 3 2.2 Methods ...... 3 2.2.1 Community Engagement ...... 3 2.2.2 Field Reconnaissance ...... 3 2.2.3 Reporting ...... 4 2.3 Results ...... 4 3.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE ...... 6 3.1 Objectives ...... 6 3.1.1 Study Area Boundaries ...... 6 3.2 Methods ...... 6 3.2.1 Map Reviews/Interviews ...... 6 3.2.2 Field Reconnaissance ...... 7 3.2.3 Reporting ...... 7 3.2.4 Third-Party Traditional Land Use Studies ...... 7 3.3 Traditional Land Use Site Types and Mitigation ...... 7 3.4 Traditional Land Use Sites Discovered During Construction ...... 9 3.5 Results ...... 10 3.5.1 Engagement Outcomes ...... 10 3.5.2 Horse Lake First Nation ...... 10 3.5.3 Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement ...... 11 3.5.4 Duncan’s First Nation ...... 12 3.5.5 Doig River First Nation ...... 18 3.5.6 Dene Tha’ First Nation ...... 18 3.5.7 Beaver First Nation ...... 20 3.5.8 Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74 ...... 21 4.0 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 21 4.1 Summary ...... 21 4.2 Recommendations ...... 22 5.0 References ...... 23 5.1 Literature Cited ...... 23 5.2 GIS and Mapping References ...... 23

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Engagement Outcomes ...... 24

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Regional Location of the Proposed NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 ...... 2 Figure 2a Duncan’s First Nation TLU Study for the Chinchaga Section ...... 14 Figure 2b Duncan’s First Nation TLU Study for the Chinchaga Section ...... 15 Figure 2c Duncan’s First Nation TLU Study for the Chinchaga Section ...... 16 Figure 3 Dene Tha’ First Nation TLU Study for the Chinchaga Section ...... 19

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Biophysical Field Program Participation ...... 3 Table 2 Timetable of Traditional Land Use Studies for Each Participating Community ...... 6 Table A-1 Engagement Outcomes for Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement ...... 25 Table A-2 Engagement Outcomes for Duncan’s First Nation ...... 26 Table A-3 Engagement Outcomes for Doig River First Nation ...... 27 Table A-4 Engagement Outcomes for Dene Tha’ First Nation ...... 28 Table A-5 Engagement Outcomes for Beaver First Nation ...... 32 Table A-6 Engagement Outcomes for Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74 ...... 33

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1.0 INTRODUCTION NGTL commissioned Stantec Inc. (Stantec) to prepare an Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment (ESA) for the proposed Northwest Mainline Komie North Extension (the Project) to support the National Energy Board (NEB) application, under Section 52 of the NEB Act. TERA Environmental Consultants (TERA) was commissioned by NGTL to assist with Traditional Knowledge studies for the Chinchaga Section.

Traditional Knowledge studies were initiated during the fall of 2010 for the proposed NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 (Chinchaga Section) [Chinchaga Section], a major component of the Project.

TERA, on behalf of NGTL, continues to assist in the Traditional Knowledge studies undertaken by potentially affected Aboriginal communities that focus on experiential knowledge and current use of land for traditional activities. Field reconnaissance focuses on Crown lands potentially disturbed by pipeline construction and clean-up activities, including associated physical works and activities.

The collection of Traditional Knowledge was undertaken through the participation of potentially affected Aboriginal communities in the biophysical field programs for the Project to document knowledge about the land (i.e., Traditional Ecological Knowledge [TEK]) and through Traditional Land Use (TLU) studies for the Project to document knowledge about the use of the land.

This supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report (this Report) considers Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge according to the guidance contained in the NEB Filing Manual (2011).

1.1 Project Description NGTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited (TransCanada), is applying to the NEB under Section 52 of the NEB Act for authorization to construct and operate the Chinchaga Section to receive and transport natural gas supply from the Horn River area of British Columbia (BC) (Figure 1).

Objectives, Project setting information, the TEK collected and the results of the TLU studies conducted prior to the October 14, 2011 filing of the Project application are available in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011) that was prepared and submitted as part of the ESA application.

This Report summarizes the methods, results and recommendations of the supplemental TLU studies and of the Aboriginal participation during the biophysical field programs for the Project since the October 14, 2011 filing of the Project application.

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FIGURE 1

City/Town Proposed Pipeline Route Stream/River REGIONAL LOCATION

SUPPLEMENTAL TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED [ Tie-In Location Existing Road Lake NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. CHINCHAGA LATERAL LOOP NO. 3

UTM Zone 11N SCALE: 1: 1,500,000 City/Town: Natural Resources Canada 2003; 7400 Tie-in Location, Proposed Pipeline Route: Midwest Surveys Inc. 2011; km Existing Road: Natural Resources Canada 2011/2012; Hydrography: IHS Inc. 2004; 0 8 16 24 32 40 Hillshade: TERA Environmental Consultants, derived from Natural Resources Canada 2008. June 2012 Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate (All Locations Approximate) this product or in the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present. t7400_Supplemental_TLU_Report_Figure1_Regional_Loca NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report Chinchaga Lateral Loop No. 3 June 2012 / 7400

2.0 TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE Sections 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 of this report provide the objectives, methods and results, respectively, of Aboriginal participation during the biophysical field programs for the Chinchaga Section.

2.1 Objectives The aim of Aboriginal participation during the supplemental biophysical field programs is to capture TEK that has been collected over generations and passed down from the Elders and, thereby, providing input to the design and execution of biophysical and socio-economic discipline programs. A description of the objectives considered in this supplemental Report is provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011).

2.1.1 Study Area Boundaries A description of study area boundaries considered in this supplemental Report is provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011).

2.2 Methods Supplemental TEK was gathered and recorded during the biophysical field programs, as well as through overflights of the Chinchaga Section and site visits to areas of interest by Elders and community members of Duncan's First Nation, Dene Tha’ First Nation, Beaver First Nation, Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74 and Horse Lake First Nation (Table 1). Translation in the field was provided, when necessary, by a member of the field crew.

TABLE 1

BIOPHYSICAL FIELD PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

Biophysical Study Date Communities Wildlife June 5 to 10, 2012 Duncan's First Nation, Dene Tha’ First Nation, Doig River First Nation (field survey participant), Beaver First Nation, Fort Vermilion Métis Local 74, Horse Lake First Nation June 19 to 21, 2012 Duncan's First Nation, Dene Tha’ First Nation, Doig River First Nation (field survey participant), Beaver First Nation, Horse Lake First Nation

To date, Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement has not participated in any of the biophysical field programs for the Chinchaga Section due to a lack of community member availability.

Doig River First Nation field survey participants have been directed to collect TEK for their own reporting and not to share TEK with NGTL for the purpose of the Project ESA. Doig River First Nation field survey participants accompany the biophysical field program teams. However, during the biophysical field programs listed in Table 1, Doig River First Nation field survey participants contributed to the identification of potential impacts of the Project on environmental resources, participated in the discussion of potential mitigation measures to reduce any Project-related impacts on environmental resources and were expected to report the discussions and results to the Doig River First Nation Lands Department.

2.2.1 Community Engagement The methods used to determine how participants were to be involved in each field work program were common to all Aboriginal communities. Each program was discussed with the community, usually with staff from the Lands Department of each community. This discussion included details regarding the type of work to be conducted, the timing and the proposed locations. Based on the described field work to be conducted, the Aboriginal communities chose their members who would participate in each program.

2.2.2 Field Reconnaissance TERA TEK facilitators accompanied the participants during the field surveys to identify potential impacts of the Project on environmental resources, collect and synthesize TEK and ensure proprietary information was kept in confidence.

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During the supplemental biophysical field programs, traditional methods of resource procurement were discussed, as well as modern methods currently employed. Seasonality of resource harvesting was also important information shared by the Aboriginal participants. Geographical locations were identified, as were areas that are not used and the reasons why. Potential mitigation measures to reduce any Project-related impacts on a resource were also discussed during the supplemental biophysical field programs.

Open discussions occurred regularly between participants and biophysical team leads regarding the resources present and available to Aboriginal communities. These discussions were an important method used to help build relationships among the field crews. Aboriginal participants spoke about aspects of the environment that were important to them and the importance of the resource from a western science perspective was also discussed.

During the supplemental wildlife and wildlife habitat field programs, participants (Table 1) assisted in the identification of birds and amphibians, bear dens, wildlife, wildlife signs and important habitats, provided accounts of changes to wildlife resources over time, and discussed traditional hunting and trapping techniques.

2.2.3 Reporting Review of collected TEK and discussions of potential Project-related effects and proposed mitigation strategies described in the ESA for the Project were undertaken directly with the participating community representatives during the biophysical field programs. This information was used to create this public summary report to be filed with the NEB.

Confidential and proprietary information is also reviewed during follow-up meetings with participating communities to confirm accuracy and to seek approval for the inclusion and consideration of any confidential and proprietary information in Project planning, where warranted.

Section 2.3 below provides the regional and local TEK shared by participating Aboriginal communities with an interest in the Chinchaga Section. To date, this information includes TEK that was gathered during the supplemental wildlife and wildlife habitat field programs that focused on birds, amphibians and bear dens along the Chinchaga Section in 2012.

The TEK collected during the wildlife and wildlife habitat field programs for the Chinchaga Section will also be provided in the following supplemental reports for the Project:

• Northwest Mainline Komie North Extension Wildlife Pre-construction Survey (Stantec In prep); and

• Northwest Mainline Komie North Extension Environmental and Socio-economic Impact Assessment – Ancillary Infrastructure (Stantec In prep).

2.3 Results During the field program, participants reported that hunting occurs throughout the wildlife and wildlife habitat Regional Study Area (RSA) and it was noted that the wildlife and wildlife habitat RSA is good hunting land for moose. Participants indicated that, in general, the moose population is decreasing.

Several different wildlife species were indicated to use the wildlife and wildlife habitat RSA, including moose, elk, grizzly bear, black bear, deer, beaver, wolf, fox and snowshoe hare. Active game trails were identified at KP 12.8, KP 13.8, KP 19.2 and KP 33.1 of the Chinchaga Section and a rabbit trail was identified at KP 26.5.

Participants observed that the area from KP 8.8 to KP 14 of the Chinchaga Section would provide ideal hunting opportunities due to the abundance of game trails in the vicinity and available food sources, for moose and caribou in particular. Some participants explained that they begin hunting moose when the fireweed turns red in July and usually finish hunting in late August.

A campsite along the adjacent existing right-of-way at KP 3.5 of the Chinchaga Section was identified. No mitigation was requested by participants regarding the campsite.

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A hunter’s cabin was identified by participants along the proposed hydrostatic testing access road at KP 4 of the Chinchaga Section. The cabin’s owner was unknown to participants. NGTL continues on-going dialogue with the cabin owner in order to develop appropriate mitigation measures.

Participants identified a blazed tree approximately 60 m northeast of KP 23.8 of the Chinchaga Section. It was suggested that hunters left these markings approximately 50 or 60 years before. Signs of bear activity were identified at KP 9.4, KP 9.5 and KP 13.6, and participants described how bear markings on trees denote territory. It was explained that these markings should not be touched out of respect for the animals, which may relocate if they smell humans. There were numerous disturbed anthills along the right-of-way, described by participants as additional evidence of bears as ants are one of their food sources.

Active beaver dams at KP 17.1 and KP 3.4 of the Chinchaga Section and evidence of beaver travel among wetlands were observed by participants during the wildlife and wildlife habitat field programs. The declining prices of beaver pelts since the seventies were also discussed. Two participants requested that beavers be relocated rather than trapped prior to Project construction. Pipeline and vehicle/equipment crossing methods and beaver dam removal methods recommended for the Project were discussed with participants during the field program.

During the amphibian survey a wood frog was identified by a participant who explained that he had frequently seen this species of frog in the area. A woodpecker’s nest was also identified by participants approximately 100 m northwest of KP 12.8.

During the field program, it was reported by participants that the plants of traditional economic value for food and cultural well-being include a variety of medicinal and berry species, as well as roots and bark of specific trees (e.g., balsam) and are known to occur within the vegetation and wetlands RSA.

The locations and uses of medicinal plants is knowledge held by the participants and is proprietary to the community. Medicines used to alleviate infection, colds, stomach ailments, skin ailments, bee stings, cuts, bruises and curb hunger pangs were identified along the proposed pipeline right-of-way during the field program.

Participants located balsam fir stands from KP 9.5 to KP 11 as well as at KP 27.5. Balsam wood is very useful and participants indicated that they would not like to see the timber go to waste and have requested the opportunity to salvage the timber. In addition to the medicinal plant species discussed, participants identified several utilitarian plant species with traditional uses that include teas and fire starter.

Participants noticed that the vegetation along the adjacent existing right-of-way, that parallels the Chinchaga Section, displayed evidence of herbicide application. Participants have requested that chemicals not be used for Project construction and reclamation.

Participants feel that it is important that they be involved in NGTL's reclamation process. To date, participants have not recommended any other mitigation strategies during the supplemental biophysical field programs for the Chinchaga Section related to vegetation, wetlands, wildlife resources or habitat.

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3.0 TRADITIONAL LAND USE Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.5 of this report provide the objectives, methods and results, respectively, of the TLU studies for the Chinchaga Section.

3.1 Objectives The aim of the TLU studies is to identify potential Project impacts on current use of Crown land for traditional activities and on identified TLU sites and to develop appropriate technically and economically feasible mitigation. A description of objectives for the TLU studies considered in this supplemental Report is provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011).

3.1.1 Study Area Boundaries A description of study area boundaries considered in this supplemental Report is provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011).

3.2 Methods Following Project initiation, TERA made contact with each participating Aboriginal community to share relevant contact information and proposed TLU study methods and schedule subsequent meetings (Table 2).

TABLE 2

TIMETABLE OF TRADITIONAL LAND USE STUDIES FOR EACH PARTICIPATING COMMUNITY

Results Review/Mitigation Community Map Review Interviews Overflight Site Visits Meetings Horse Lake First Nation Conducted third-party TLU study. January 23 and 27, 2012 June 20, 2012 Paddle Prairie Métis March 24, 2011 ------June 28, 2011 Settlement October 31, 2011 June 21, 2012 Duncan's First Nation Conducted third-party TLU study. October 4 to 5, 2011 January 23 and 27, 2012 June 20, 2012 Doig River First Nation Conducting third-party Traditional Use Study (TUS). June 9, 2012 To be determined Dene Tha’ First Nation Conducted third-party TLU study with TERA. August 30 to September 13, 2011 September 1, 2011 Conducting field revisits along certain portions of the Project. July 2012 To be determined Beaver First Nation March 23, 2011 January 26 to 27, March 23, 2011 -- June 27, 2011 2011 September 30, 2011 June 26, 2012 Fort Vermilion Métis March 28, 2011 -- March 28, 2011 -- June 27, 2011 Local 74 November 8, 2011

TERA-facilitated TLU studies were conducted in a phased approach consisting of map reviews, community interviews, field reconnaissance and follow-up reporting. Translators were made available at the request of the community. Each phase of the TLU studies is described in further detail in the following subsections.

3.2.1 Map Reviews/Interviews Maps were provided to orient community representatives with the location of the development. At the discretion of the individual communities, an evaluation of the proposed pipeline loop was conducted by ground reconnaissance.

The goal of the map review was to document information or concerns that the Aboriginal communities may have regarding the Project and identify potential Project effects on current use of land for traditional activities and on resources. In particular, the discussions clarified the areas to target during the field

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3.2.2 Field Reconnaissance Field TLU study teams were established with representatives selected by each participating Aboriginal community to undertake field reconnaissance of areas identified to be of interest, concern or importance during the community interviews (Table 2). During the field reconnaissance, there is an open dialogue between community members and TERA TLU community liaisons. Field work is normally conducted with one community at a time, unless communities request to conduct a joint field reconnaissance.

Upon observing a TLU site, it was described in writing, its location recorded on a sketch map and by using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and digital photographs were taken, if culturally appropriate. The proximity of the TLU site to the Footprint of the proposed pipeline loop was documented and the importance of each site discussed at its location in the field, taking into account its setting within the context of local knowledge, history, construction limitations, potential impacts and recommended mitigation strategies.

The goal of the field reconnaissance was to locate and record traditional use sites that may potentially be affected by the proposed pipeline loop. All identified TLU sites in the Footprint of the proposed pipeline loop were recorded and proposed mitigation strategies were recorded and discussed at the site.

3.2.3 Reporting Each community's TLU study involvement and the results of the field reconnaissance, including the confidential and proprietary information provided by the TLU study participants, are reviewed by each community during mitigation meetings. For those communities who elected to conduct third-party TLU studies (see Section 3.2.4 of this Traditional Knowledge Report) or, during results review meetings, for those communities who elected to conduct TERA-assisted TLU studies, to allow confirmation of the accuracy of the information incorporated and to seek approval for the inclusion and consideration of any confidential and proprietary information in Project planning, where warranted.

A detailed description of reporting methods considered in this supplemental Report is provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report (TERA 2011).

3.2.4 Third-Party Traditional Land Use Studies NGTL provides funding to assist Aboriginal communities with community-directed TLU studies. Doig River First Nation, Horse Lake First Nation, Duncan’s First Nation and Dene Tha’ First Nation chose to conduct a community-directed (i.e., third-party) TLU studies for the Chinchaga Section in 2011 and 2012 engaging consultants to provide technical support and assistance. Further information related to each community’s TLU study is provided in Section 3.5 of this report.

3.3 Traditional Land Use Site Types and Mitigation Each participating Aboriginal community was asked to identify potential TLU sites along the Footprint of this proposed pipeline loop, including trails, habitation sites, plant harvesting locations, hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering places, and sacred areas. Mitigation strategies are discussed at the TLU site location. Alternative site-specific mitigation strategies, which differ from those discussed in this section, may also be recommended by participating Aboriginal communities and are addressed in the community-specific sections (Sections 3.5.1 to 3.5.7 of this report).

In TERA's experience, the forms of accepted mitigation noted in the following subsections have been successful in mitigating effects on TLU sites.

Trails and Travelways Travel corridors are essential for conducting traditional activities and effects on actively-used trails should be reduced and mitigated. Trails include well-defined all-terrain vehicle and snowmobile corridors, navigable waterways, river portages, and historic foot, dog sled and pack horse pathways.

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Successful and proven mitigative measures available to trails transecting the pipeline right-of-way include:

• detailed recording and mapping to within 100 m on both sides of the proposed pipeline right-of-way. In partnership with community representatives, a decision is then made about the relative importance of the trail and, if warranted, how best to maintain and control access; and

• other mitigation options include signage or scheduling construction during periods of least impact.

Habitation Sites Habitation sites are located in prime, resource-rich areas and include traditional campsites, cabins and settlements. Campsites typically have defined hearths (fire rings), de-limbed trees, tent frames and/or miscellaneous cached or discarded camping supplies and equipment. Cabin structures represent a more permanent occupation of the land, and include central log or timber-framed structure, traditional activity areas such as drying racks and smoking tents, and ancillary equipment storage areas. A group of cabins or campsites may signify a long-term or intermittent occupation. A settlement may have been used seasonally or throughout the year, depending on location or necessity. The relative size and nature of habitation sites continuously evolve based on how families and communities grow, and often expand from campsites to cabins and possibly to settlements.

Successful and proven mitigative measures for habitation sites include:

• detailed mapping, photographic recording and avoidance of the location by the proposed development; or

• should avoidance of a site not be feasible, mitigative measures consisting of detailed recording and controlled excavations may be implemented.

Plant Harvesting Many Aboriginal individuals harvest medicinal, ceremonial and food source plants. Plants are gathered in a variety of environments, which include old growth forests, along watercourses and in rugged or mountainous areas. Detailed information regarding medicinal plants is passed down from the Elders and is considered proprietary by the communities.

Effective mitigative measures are dependent on the context and relative location of a harvesting area to the proposed development, but may include:

• limiting the use of chemical applications;

• replacement of plant species during reclamation; and

• avoidance of the site.

Hunting Hunting and wildlife sites are areas where large fauna such as elk, moose, deer, caribou and bear are commonly harvested. They are identified both in community discussion and by observed game ambushes, blinds and hunting stands, dry meat racks and butchered animal remains. Furthermore, a locale where game can be expected, such as mineral licks, calving areas and well-used game trails, are typically prized hunting areas.

Successful and accepted mitigation for hunting sites may include:

• adhering to species-specific timing constraints;

• leaving breaks in the pipeline trench to allow animals to cross; and

• limiting the use of chemical applications.

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Fishing Changes to local fishing spots, as well as the broader water system, can impact Aboriginal harvesting. Fishing sites relate to the use of specific reaches of lakes and streams and, generally, this information is gathered by having community representatives identify fishing locales and specify the nature of their use and success rates.

Standard and effective mitigative measures for fishing areas may include:

• recording and mapping of fishing locales; and

• strict adherence to the regulations, standards and guidelines set by provincial and federal regulatory agencies for watercourse crossings.

Trapping Trapping and snaring of animals for food and pelts are activities that continue to be engaged in by Aboriginal individuals. These traps and snares may or may not be located within registered trap lines. Concerns by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal trappers are generally identified and mitigated individually.

To avoid accidental damage where the proposed pipeline route transects a trap line, mitigative measures may include:

• maintaining access to the trap line; and

• moving of trap line equipment by the trapper prior to construction.

Gathering Places Aboriginal people often met in gathering places to share in ceremonial activities, exchange items of trade, arrange and celebrate marriages, and for other activities. Additionally, indigenous grave sites are sometimes recorded in the general area of large gathering places. Such gathering places have historical, ceremonial, cultural and economic significance to Aboriginal communities.

Potential effects on gathering places may be mitigated through detailed recording, mapping and avoidance; however, the visual impact will be assessed in the field and mitigative measures will be refined and optimized, if warranted.

Sacred Areas One of the primary concerns of Aboriginal communities with regard to any proposed development project is to ensure that sites sacred to the local communities are protected from adverse effects. These areas include burials, vision quest locations, rock art panels, birth locations and ceremonial places, among others. A particular element is often only a small component of a larger spiritual complex, which can encompass topographic features and may, by its very nature in the context of Aboriginal spirituality, be inestimable and irreplaceable.

Mitigative measures for sacred areas may include detailed recording, mapping and avoidance; however, additional mitigative measures, if warranted, will be refined and optimized in the field and through community discussions.

3.4 Traditional Land Use Sites Discovered During Construction While Traditional Knowledge studies will have likely identified and addressed specific interests, in the event that an additional TLU site is discovered during construction of the pipeline, the following measures below will be undertaken. These measures are also found in Section 20.5 of the ESA for the Project (Stantec 2011).

1. Suspend work immediately in the vicinity of any newly discovered sacred sites. Work at that location may not resume until the measures below are undertaken.

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2. Notify the Environmental Inspector, who will notify the NGTL Construction Manager and the NGTL Heritage Resource Specialist. 3. The NGTL Heritage Resource Specialist will assess the site and develop an appropriate mitigation plan using the information listed above. 4. Any potentially impacted Aboriginal community will be informed of the discovery and the mitigation to be undertaken. 3.5 Results The following subsections provide the supplemental results of TLU studies for all participating Aboriginal communities with an interest in the Chinchaga Section.

3.5.1 Engagement Outcomes The results of engagement have helped refine the ESA for the Project. With this information, NGTL identified issues, addressed concerns and responded to questions. Engagement has also provided communities and government with an understanding of the Project.

Although a wide range of issues were raised by community members and representatives throughout the Aboriginal engagement process, recurring themes have emerged and are described in Section 13.0 of the ESA for the Project. Results of this engagement have been considered and incorporated throughout the ESA where relevant, including the effects assessment and mitigation and enhancement measures. Appendix A of this report also summarizes the issues raised by participating Aboriginal community with respect to development within their traditional territory, their associated recommendations and where they are considered in the ESA.

3.5.2 Horse Lake First Nation Horse Lake First Nation retained a third-party consultant to conduct their community-directed TLU study of the Chinchaga Section. Horse Lake First Nation's nearest Indian Reserve (I.R.) to the Chinchaga Section is Clear Hills 152C, located approximately 79 km southwest.

Horse Lake First Nation undertook mapping of their known TLU data. The results of this community map review were provided to NGTL on January 23 and 27, 2012 and the non-confidential results relating to the Chinchaga Section are incorporated in this supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

The community TLU mapping did not identify any TLU sites along the Chinchaga Section requiring mitigation, as requested by Horse Lake First Nation community members. The results summary letter was submitted for community review on June 20, 2012.

To date, there are no issues identified through on-going engagement with Horse Lake First Nation; however, NGTL will update the NEB on the outcomes of any subsequent engagement with Horse Lake First Nation prior to the oral hearing.

In the event that TLU sites requiring mitigation are identified during construction, the accepted and proven mitigative strategies outlined in this Traditional Knowledge Report and in the TLU Sites Discovery Contingency Plan (Section 20.5 of the ESA for the Project) will be implemented.

Trails and Travelways No specific trails or travelways were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for trails and travelways by Horse Lake First Nation.

Habitation Sites No habitations sites were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for habitations sites by Horse Lake First Nation.

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Plant Harvesting No specific plant harvesting sites were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for plant harvesting sites by Horse Lake First Nation.

Hunting Horse Lake First Nation reported moose at locations approximately:

• 1 km south of KP 0;

• 1 km south of KP 3;

• 3 km south of KP 10;

• at KP 23;

• 3 km south of KP 30; and

• 4 km south of KP 32.

Moose were also identified along an existing pipeline right-of-way located approximately 5 km southeast of KP 0; and at 6 km and 9 km east of KP 0.

Horse Lake First Nation identified caribou approximately 12 km and 17 km northeast of KP 0 of the Chinchaga Section. Elk were also identified, located approximately 1 km southeast of KP 0 and bear were identified approximately 2 km south of KP 28.

No hunting sites were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for hunting sites by Horse Lake First Nation.

Fishing A fishing locale on the Hotchkiss River, located approximately 17 km southeast of KP 0, was identified by Horse Lake First Nation.

No specific fishing locales were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for fishing locales by Horse Lake First Nation.

Trapping No trapping areas or trap lines were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for trapping areas or trap lines by Horse Lake First Nation.

Gathering Areas No gathering areas were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for gathering areas by Horse Lake First Nation.

Sacred Areas No sacred areas were identified along the Chinchaga Section and no mitigation was requested for sacred areas by Horse Lake First Nation.

3.5.3 Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement A TERA-assisted TLU study, including a map review, was conducted with Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement.

Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement is based out of Paddle Prairie, Alberta, located approximately 94 km northeast of the Chinchaga Section.

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A community map review was held with Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement on March 24, 2011 with Elders, community members and TERA. The map review was conducted as a group discussion using appropriately-scaled maps for this proposed pipeline loop (i.e., 1:50,000 scale NTS) that were marked with important areas and information to create a visual guide for later stages of the TLU study, if warranted.

The community map review did not identify any TLU sites along the Chinchaga Section requiring mitigation. In addition, the discussions conducted with Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement during the community map review did not identify any areas to target during field reconnaissance or areas that required additional mapping and, subsequently, supplemental field reconnaissance is not warranted. The final review of the community report occurred June 21, 2011. A Project update meeting occurred on June 21, 2012.

Detailed results of the Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement TLU study completed prior to the October 14, 2011 filing of the Project application are provided in the September 2011 Traditional Knowledge Report for the Chinchaga Section.

To date, issues identified through on-going engagement with Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement have been summarized in Appendix A of this report.

3.5.4 Duncan’s First Nation Duncan’s First Nation retained a third-party consultant to conduct their community-directed TLU study of the Chinchaga Section. TERA accompanied community members during the ground reconnaissance from October 4 to 5, 2011. Duncan’s First Nation community members, accompanied by TERA, undertook a helicopter overflight of the Chinchaga Section followed by ground reconnaissance by ARGO (Figures 2a,b,c).

Duncan’s First Nation's nearest I.R. to the Chinchaga Section is Duncan’s 151A and is located approximately 122 km south of the Chinchaga Section.

Duncan’s First Nation targeted 11 locations along the Chinchaga Section to visit during the TERA-assisted ground reconnaissance. All identified TLU sites in the study area were recorded, if any, and proposed mitigation strategies were discussed in the field, if warranted.

Following ground reconnaissance, Duncan’s First Nation undertook mapping of their known TLU data. The results of this community map review were provided to NGTL on January 23 and 27, 2012 and the non-confidential results relating to the Chinchaga Section are incorporated in this supplemental Traditional Knowledge Report.

Potential evidence of caribou was observed from KP 32 to KP 33 along the Chinchaga Section during the ground reconnaissance and Duncan’s First Nation has recommended that measures to control line-of-sight be implemented along this location. NGTL will implement measures to control line-of-sight at a select location from KP 32 to KP 33.

The community TLU mapping and ground reconnaissance did not identify any other TLU sites along the Chinchaga Section requiring mitigation, as requested by Duncan’s First Nation community members however; general issues concerning the Project were discussed. The results summary letter was submitted for community review on June 20, 2012.

As stated in its March 9, 2012 response (NEB Filing ID: A2Q9Q7), NGTL continues to discuss these issues with Duncan’s First Nation through a Joint Working Group, under an existing community agreement between Duncan’s First Nation and TransCanada.

To date, issues identified through on-going engagement with Duncan’s First Nation have been summarized in Appendix A of this report.

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SCALE: 1:50,000 June 2012 Duncan's First Nation Helicopter Overflight TLU Study Target Areas 00.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 km 7400 BlackBridge Geomatics. 2010. SPOT5 2.5m Panchromatic Satellite Imagery (digital file). Lethbridge, AB. Available: www.blackbridge.com. Acquired: June 2011. Although there is no reason to believe any errors exist within this product or the data used to generate it, be advised that errors may be present. Figure 2a