Une Revue De La Répartition Et De L'extension Des Glaciations

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Une Revue De La Répartition Et De L'extension Des Glaciations Document generated on 09/29/2021 7:19 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Une revue de la répartition et de l’extension des glaciations pléistocènes et des glaciers actuels en Turquie A Review of the Distribution and Extension of Pleistocene Glaciations and Recent Glaciers in Turkey Türkiye’de Pleistosen Buzullaşması ve Güncel Buzulların Konumu Attila Çiner Volume 57, Number 2-3, 2003 Article abstract Present day glaciers and Quaternary glacial deposits occur in 3 regions in URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/011314ar Turkey: 1. The Taurus Mountain Range: Two thirds of the present day Turkish DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/011314ar glaciers are concentrated in the SE part of this range. Mount Cilo (4 135 m) alone supports more than ten glaciers. In the Central part, Aladağ (3 756 m) and See table of contents Bolkardağ (3 524 m) constitute two of the most important mountains where small glaciers are present. 2. The Pontic Mountain Range: On the Mount Kaçkar (3 932 m) five glaciers are developed. Although several other mountains Publisher(s) contain glacial valleys in the chain, most of the glacier related landforms are severely altered because of the actual humid climatic conditions. 3. Volcanoes Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal and independent mountains of the Anatolian Plateau: Volcanoes such as Mount Ararat (5 165 m) supports an ice cap of 10 km2. The Mount Süphan (4 058 m) ISSN and Mount Erciyes (3 917 m) also show signs of glacial activity and active glaciers. Several other mountains in Central Anatolia also bear traces of past 0705-7199 (print) glacial activity. As a whole, very limited data are available on Turkish glaciers, 1492-143X (digital) and recent observations indicate a glacier recession at least since from the beginning of the 20th century. Explore this journal Cite this article Çiner, A. (2003). Une revue de la répartition et de l’extension des glaciations pléistocènes et des glaciers actuels en Turquie. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 57(2-3), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.7202/011314ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 2005 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ _57-2-3.qxd 31/08/05 16:52 Page 205 Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 2003, vol. 57, nos 2-3, p. 205-218, 17 fig., 1 tabl. ESSAIS UNE REVUE DE LA RÉPARTITION ET DE L’EXTENSION DES GLACIATIONS PLÉISTOCÈNES ET DES GLACIERS ACTUELS EN TURQUIE* Attila ÇINER**, Département de géologie, Université Hacettepe, Beytepe, 06532-Ankara, Turquie. RÉSUMÉ Les glaciers actuels et les dépôts ABSTRACT A review of the distribution and ÖZ Türkiye’de Pleistosen Buzullaflması ve glaciaires d’âge pléistocène occupent trois extension of Pleistocene glaciations and Güncel Buzulların Konumu. Türkiye’deki gün- régions en Turquie : 1. La chaîne du Taurus : recent glaciers in Turkey. Present day glaciers cel buzulların ve Kuvaterner buzullaflmasına Les deux tiers des glaciers actuels en Turquie and Quaternary glacial deposits occur in ait izlerin gözlemlendi¤i bölgeler bafllıca sont concentrés dans la partie sud-est de 3 regions in Turkey: 1. The Taurus Mountain 3 gurup altında toplanırlar : 1. Toros Da¤ları : cette chaîne. Le mont Cilo (4 135 m) sup- Range: Two thirds of the present day Turkish Türkiye’nin Güncel buzulların üçte ikisi GD porte, à lui seul, plus de dix glaciers. Dans la glaciers are concentrated in the SE part of this Anadolu’da toplanmıfltır. Bunlardan sadece partie centrale, de petits glaciers actuels sont range. Mount Cilo (4 135 m) alone supports Cilo Da¤ı (4 135 m) 10’dan fazla buzul observés sur les massifs de Alada¤ (3 756 m) more than ten glaciers. In the Central part, barındırır. Orta Toroslar’da, Alada¤ (3 756 m) et de Bolkarda¤ (3 524 m) ; 2. La chaîne des Alada¤ (3 756 m) and Bolkarda¤ (3 524 m) ve Bolkarda¤’da (3 524 m) çok küçük de olsa Pontides : Sur le plus haut sommet de cette constitute two of the most important moun- birkaç buzul bulunmaktadır. 2. Do¤u chaîne (mont Kaçkar, 3 932 m) cinq glaciers tains where small glaciers are present. 2. The Karadeniz Da¤ları : Bölgenin en yüksek zir- se sont développés. Bien que plusieurs mon- Pontic Mountain Range: On the Mount Kaçkar vesi Kaçkar (3 932 m) olup toplam 5 adet tagnes contiennent des vallées glaciaires, les (3 932 m) five glaciers are developed. buzul bulunmaktadır. Bölgenin çeflitli yerle- conditions climatiques actuellement très Although several other mountains contain gla- rinde önemli buzul vadileri gözlenmesine humides ont grandement modifié les dépôts cial valleys in the chain, most of the glacier ra¤men, günümüzün nemli iklim koflulları morainiques ; 3. Les volcans et les massifs related landforms are severely altered nedeniyle buzullar ile ilgili yerflekillerinin büyük montagneux du plateau anatolien : Le mont because of the actual humid climatic condi- ço¤unlu¤u yo¤un bir aflınıma maruz Ararat (5 165 m), avec une calotte de glace tions. 3. Volcanoes and independent moun- kalmıfllardır. 3. Volkanlar ve Anadolu’nun di¤er de 10 km2, le mont Süphan (4 058 m) et le tains of the Anatolian Plateau: Volcanoes such da¤ları : Türkiye’nin en büyük volkanı olan mont Erciyes (3 917 m) contiennent des gla- as Mount Ararat (5 165 m) supports an ice A¤rı Da¤ı (5 165 m) ülkenin yegane buz tak- ciers actifs. Plusieurs autres montagnes dans cap of 10 km2. The Mount Süphan (4 058 m) kesini (10 km2) barındırır. Süphan (4 058 m) le plateau anatolien portent également des and Mount Erciyes (3 917 m) also show signs ve Erciyes (3 917 m) volkanlarında da küçük traces de leur passé glaciaire. Dans l’en- of glacial activity and active glaciers. Several de olsa güncel buzullar mevcuttur. Bunun yanı semble, peu de données sont disponibles sur other mountains in Central Anatolia also bear sıra Anadolu’nun çeflitli da¤larında da les glaciers turcs et les études les plus traces of past glacial activity. As a whole, very Kuvaterner buzullaflmasına ait izlere rastla- récentes mentionnent un recul des glaciers limited data are available on Turkish glaciers, mak mümkündür. Türkiye’nin çeflitli da¤larında au moins depuis le début du XXe siècle. and recent observations indicate a glacier Kuvaterner buzullaflmasının izleri net bir recession at least since from the beginning of flekilde gözlenmekle beraber, buzul evrelerinin the 20th century. mutlak yafllandırılması henüz yapılmamıfltır. Buna ra¤men 20. yy’ın baflından beri yapılan gözlemler güncel buzulların çekilmekte olduk- larını ortaya koymaktadır. Manuscrit reçu le 21 mars 2003 ; manuscrit révisé accepté le 12 novembre 2003 (publié le 3e trimestre 2005). *Cette étude est dédiée à la mémoire du professeur Dr Sırrı Erinç, le premier glaciologue turc (24 janvier 1918-7 février 2002). **Adresse électronique : [email protected] _57-2-3.qxd 31/08/05 16:53 Page 206 206 A. ÇINER INTRODUCTION la moitié du XIXe siècle, l’existence de glaciers dans les Taurus La Turquie est située à l’est de la région méditerranéenne et les Pontides a été mentionnée par Ainsworth (1842) et (de 36° à 42° N et de 26° à 45° E). Le pays est caractérisé par Palgrave (1872), mais aucune étude scientifique n’a été e de forts contrastes climatiques et topographiques. Alors que menée avant le début du XX siècle. Depuis, Maunsell (1901), l’altitude moyenne de l’Anatolie ne dépasse pas 1 132 m, dans Louis (1938, 1944), Bobek (1940), ‹zbırak (1951), Erinç la partie est du pays, quelques montagnes s’élèvent bien au- (1953), Blumenthal (1954) et Wright (1962) ont obtenu des dessus de la ligne des neiges (Kurter et Sungur, 1980 ; Kurter, données sur la chaîne des Taurus, la région la plus monta- 1991). D’après Erinç (1952a), la limite actuelle des neiges gneuse de la Turquie où sont concentrés les deux tiers des persistantes s’élève à 3 100-3 200 m dans les Pontides, glaciers actuels (fig. 1). 3 400-3 500 m dans les Taurus, 3 500 m en Anatolie inté- À part quelques auteurs d’études régionales et locales, rieure et 4 000 m sur le mont Ararat en Anatolie orientale. Dès plusieurs chercheurs ont fait des observations générales sur 26o 35o 44o N M e r N o i r e Sinop 42o Istanbul 15 Rize 16 Giresun 13 14 17 Bursa 22 18 24 Ankara 25 Erzurum 19 23 Kayseri 20 Izmir 21 3 11 4 2 7 6 1 5 12 8 10 9 Antalya Adana 36o M é d i t e r r a n é e T U R Q U I E 0 200 km n Montagnes avec glaciers 13 Kaçkar (3 932 m) actuels et morphologies glaciaires 14 Verçenik (3 709 m) n Abscence de glaciers actuels (traces de morphologies glaciaires) 15 Lazgedigi (3 353 m) PONTIDES 16 Kindavul (3 562 m) 1 Cilo (4 135 m) 17 Karagöl (3 107 m) 2 Sat (3 807 m) TAURUS DU SUD-EST 18 Karadag (3 331 m) 3 Hasanbesir (3 503 m) 4 Aladag (3 756 m) 5 Bolkardag (3 524 m) 19 Ararat (5 165 m) 6 Dipoyraz (2 997 m) TAURUS 20 Süphan (4 058 m) CENTRAL VOLCANS 7 Barla (2 799 m) 21 Erciyes (3 917 m) 8 Geyikdag (2 808 m) 9 Beydag (3 806 m) 22 Uludag (2 543 m) MASSIFS 10 Akdag (3 016 m) TAURUS 23 Munzur (3 368 m) MONTAGNEUX 11 Honaz (2 571 m) DE L’OUEST 24 Mescid (3 239 m) DU PLATEAU ANATOLIEN 12 Sandiras (2 295 m) 25 Kesis (3 549 m) FIGURE 1.
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