Initial Environmental Examination
May 2009
IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation for the Asian Development Bank.
Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka
North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Package II – Belgaum Tranche II Sub-Projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
May 2009
Span Consultants Private Limited NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche I Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
ACRONYMS ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam CC : City Corporation C-Tech : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process Technology DI : Ductile Iron DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon GI : Galvanized Iron GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka HH : Households IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual O&M : Operation and Maintenance PC : Program consultant PMU : Program Monitoring Unit PWD : Public Works Department SS : Suspended solids STP : Sewage Treatment Plant UGD : Underground Drainage WHO : World Health Organization WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization KUIDFC SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Overview ...... 1 1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance ...... 1 1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination ...... 2 1.4 Scope of IEE study...... 3 1.5 Report Structure ...... 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ...... 4 2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program ...... 4 2.2 Investment program Components ...... 4 2.3 Project Location ...... 4 2.4 Type of Project ...... 9 2.5 Need for the Project ...... 9 2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC ...... 11 2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System ...... 11 2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC ...... 13 2.7.1 Sewerage System ...... 13 2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation ...... 21 2.9 Investment Program Alternatives ...... 21 2.10 Investment Program Benefits ...... 23 3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION ...... 24 3.1 Physical Resources...... 24 3.1.1 Topography ...... 24 3.1.2 Atmosphere ...... 24 3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water ...... 25 3.1.4 Geology and Seismology ...... 25 3.2 Ecological Resources ...... 25 3.3 Economic Development ...... 26 3.3.1 Industrial Activities ...... 26 3.4 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 27 3.4.1 Population and Community ...... 27 3.4.2 Household size ...... 28 3.4.3 Sex Ratio ...... 28 3.4.4 Literacy Rate ...... 28 3.4.5 Occupation ...... 29 3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate ...... 29 3.4.7 Existing Facilities...... 30 3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage ...... 30 3.4.9 Land Use ...... 30 3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP .... 31 4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 32 4.1 Introduction ...... 32 4.2 Location Impacts ...... 32 4.3 Design Impacts...... 32 4.4 Construction Impacts ...... 33 4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts ...... 33 4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts ...... 33 5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ...... 46 5.1 Institutional Requirements ...... 46 KUIDFC i SPAN
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans ...... 51 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 63 7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 66 7.1 Findings...... 66 7.2 Recommendations ...... 66 8. CONCLUSIONS...... 67
KUIDFC ii SPAN
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
List of Tables Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components ...... 2 Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka ...... 10 Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 ...... 10 Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB ...... 11 Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC...... 12 Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP ...... 15 Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech ...... 19 Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP ...... 19 Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP ...... 21 Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives ...... 22 Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) ...... 26 Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City ...... 27 Table 3.3: Details of Population Density ...... 28 Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 ...... 29 Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing) ...... 30 Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts ...... 33 Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system ...... 34 Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan ...... 45 Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities...... 49 Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) ...... 50 Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component ...... 52 Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers ...... 60 Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) ...... 62 Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB ...... 63 Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation ...... 64
List of Maps
Map 2.1: India ...... 5 Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District ...... 6 Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District ...... 7 Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC ...... 9 Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City ...... 15 Map 2.6: STP site Location Map ...... 16 Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City ...... 20
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum ...... 8 Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah ...... 12 Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle ...... 18 Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy ...... 47 Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation ...... 64
Appendices Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System
KUIDFC iii SPAN
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package II – Belgaum under NKUSIP. They include Belgaum, Gokak, Nippani, Badami, Ilkal, Jamkhandi and Rabkavi-Banahatti ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation, storm water drainage, solid waste management and risk of infectious diseases in the project area forces NKUSIP to select Belgaum ULB for improvement. The primary objective of NKUSIP is to promote economic development in North Karnataka through urban infrastructure provision, focusing on the improvement of environmental sanitation and public health through equitable distribution of urban basic services that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. This will also enhances the quality life of people.
2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will be far outweighed by positive impacts.
1.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance
3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components proposed for Belgaum city are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.
KUIDFC 1 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub- Applicability of Compliance Criteria component Act/Guidelines Sewerage Sewage The Water (Prevention & Consent for Establishment and Treatment Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Consent for Operation Sanitation Plant & 1978 from KSPCB
The Environmental Policy and Categorization of sub- Operations Manual (OM) 20: project component into A, Environmental Considerations B or C and developing in ADB Operation. required level of environmental assessment Environmental Assessment for each component. Guidelines, 2003
4. According to ADB guidelines (2003), environmental assessment of a proposed project is at the initial/preparatory stages of Investment Program. As per the ADB Guidelines, the proposed project components are categorized into A, B or C category projects to establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential environmental impacts. It is understood from the IEE study that there are no significant potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project (Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered). Category ‘C’ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components. Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.
1.3 Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination
5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in Belgaum city under KUIDFC 2 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and accordingly, initial environmental examination (IEE) has been carried out.
1.4 Scope of IEE study
6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been prepared based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stake holder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.
1.5 Report Structure
7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter: 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Environmental Description 4. Screening of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 5. Institutional requirements and Environmental Monitoring Plans 6. Public consultation and Information Disclosure 7. Findings and Recommendations 8. Conclusions
KUIDFC 3 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS
2.1 Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program
8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.
2.2 Investment program Components
9. The Investment Program Components are listed below: i. Water supply ii. Sewerage and Sanitation iii. Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation) iv. Urban roads v. Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement) vi. Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and Tourism
2.3 Project Location
10. Belgaum City, being the fifth largest city of Karnataka, is the District and Divisional headquarters of Belgaum District. The city is situated 350 km from Pune, 510 km from Bangalore, 146 km from Panjim and 96 km from Hubli. Popularly known as the ‘Cradle of Infantry’, Belgaum houses defense establishments such as Military Training Centre and Air Base, besides major industrial establishments such as Tata Power and Indian Aluminum (INDAL) factory. In the extreme southwest of the city, the Udyambag Industrial Estate houses a number of engineering industrial units. The industries, educational institutions and the defense establishments significantly contribute to the economic growth of the city.
KUIDFC 4 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Map 2.1: India
KUIDFC 5 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Map 2.2: Karnataka State and Belgaum District
KUIDFC 6 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Map 2.3: Index Map of Belgaum District
KUIDFC 7 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
11. Belgaum is situated on the northern slope of the basin of watercourse called the Bellary nallah. Geographically, the city is located at longitude 740 31’E and latitude 150 51’N, at an altitude of 710 m above mean sea level. Belgaum City Corporation (CC) is a Grade I Corporation.
Fig. 2.1: City Corporation, Belgaum
12. The District lies in Krishna River basin. Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River are the principal tributaries of River Krishna that flows across the district from west to east. As per 2001 census, the population of Belgaum District is 42,14,505. According to 2001 census, the total population of Belgaum city is 3,99,653 and as per 2007 census, the population is 4,40,000. The number of households is 83,625 (2001 census). The City Corporation’s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 94.08 sq. km, housing 4 lakh populations within 58 wards. Total area of Belgaum city is 94.08sq km.
13. The city is well connected owing to its location on the Miraj-Bangalore Meter Gauge Railway Line of South Central Railway. The city is also well connected by a network of national and state highways. Beside these roads, a network of major and minor roads leads to neighbouring village of the region.
KUIDFC 8 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Map 2.4: Ward Boundary of Belgaum CC
2.4 Type of Project
14. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by providing basic infrastructure facilities such as underground drainage (UGD), storm water drainage, etc.
2.5 Need for the Project
15. Insufficient basic facilities and demand for the same due to increased population year by year and lack of proper technological systems in Belgaum CC have resulted in
KUIDFC 9 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
environmental pollution, poor sanitation and public health problems such as water borne diseases and other associated health risks. This condition demands for the proposed Investment Program component in Belgaum ULB. As per the State of Environment Report (SOER), Dept. of Forest, Ecology & Environment, GoK, 2003, health risks are associated with the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities. The Table 2.1 presents the health status in Karnataka. Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- -- 1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- -- 1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01 1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00 1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00 1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05 1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00 1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01 2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00 2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06 2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02 Source: SOER, 2003
16. The structural components of the ingvestment program lie in the city area and most of UGD lines of the proposed project pass along the existing road tracks and leads to natural nallahs. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives affected because of project activities is quite insignificant. The Belgaum ULB specific components of the program (Tranche 2) are given below: Table 2.2: Sub-project components under Tranche 2 Infrastructure Description Location Components to be built under Tranche 2 Sewerage and sanitation Laying of sewer lines in the Belgaum City Corporation city and installation of STP
KUIDFC 10 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
2.6 Existing Condition of Program components in Belgaum CC
2.6.1 Sewerage and Sanitation System
17. Details regarding existing facilities are not available with Local body / Board. However based on field inspection and interaction with the stack holders it is noted that the total tentative length of sewers laid in the city is 337 Km with 150 to 300 mm dia of stoneware / RCC pipes. In low lying area the existing sewer lines are choked up and not functioning properly. The treated sewage is let into near by stream / pond causing nuisance in the area. In addition to this, Cantonment board has connected their UGD lines to existing sewer lines at different locations. Table 2.3: Details of sewer network in Belgaum ULB Sewers Area Diameter Length Disposal (mm) (mm) Drainage District A 150 to 800 28.50 Lendi nallah near old national highway Drainage District B 150 to 800 21.20 Lendi nallah near old national highway Cantonment area (civil 150 to 800 6.80 - and fort areas) KHB Colony 150 to 300 5.60 Outfall sewer of Malmaruti UGD system Malmaruti Extension, 150 to 600 12.00 - Shivajinagar and Gandhinagar Angol A and B, Vadgaon 180 to 600 33.50 Outfall from Angol to new national and old Belgaum highway 5.5km long Vishwesharayya Nagar, NA NA - Shastri Nagar, Sadar Bazaar, Nehru Nagar, Kailash Nagar, J.N. Medical Collage area Chennamma Nagar - 1,100 Not In Bellary nallah known Main Outfall Total 107.90 Source: CLIP Report
KUIDFC 11 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
18. Currently, the city has been covered with UGD system partially (45%). The tentative length of sewers laid is 337Km. The no. of private latrines connected to UGD sewers is 38.674. There are 110 Nos. of public latrines connected to UGD system / septic tank. There are about 8000 Nos. having latrines with septic tank and treated sewage let into open drains. Through Nirmal Nagar project 5Nos. of latrines are constructed. Table 2.4: Sanitation Facilities in Belgaum CC Sl. Service Description Access to Household % No. 1. Sanitation UGD 69.14% 2. Septic tank 1% 3. LCS 4% Total 74.14% Source: Concept Report
19. The tentative length of trunk main sewers laid in the city is about 27.50 kms. Trunk main sewer lines have been laid to convey the sewage by gravity to the out fall sewers pipes having 300mm dia to 600mm dia RCC pipes.
20. Outfall sewer lines are laid along the natural channels, private fields and finally let into Bellary nallah. The out fall from south side of city i.e., from Tilakwadi, Hindwadi, Shahpur and Khasbag area treated sewage let into Lendi nall on old PB road. The over all length of out fall sewers is about 5.25 Km with 600mm dia to 1100mm dia of RCC pipes. It is reported that pipes are intact and no leakages are noticed.
Fig. 2.2: Outfall sewer and its discharge into Bellary Nallah
Treatment Facilities 21. The general terrain of this city is sloping from N-W to S-E in the areas of east of Bellary nallah, while the area of south of this nallah slopes from S-W to N-E and northeast area sloping towards south side. Practically the entire city drains into Bellary Nallah except some part of N-W of Belgaum area, which is sloping towards north. Outfall sewers have been laid along the main valley lines. The wastewater generated
KUIDFC 12 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
from these areas also flow in these drains and joins Bellary nallah. In short the U.G.D system lacks treatment facility.
22. Because of the lack of adequate sewerage and sanitation facilities, the quality of the surface water and shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human waste on public health are spread of water borne diseases and associated health risks. The present sewage system does not contemplate sewage treatment plant facilities and the raw sewage is let into nallahs causing water pollution problems. This recommends for the proposal of proper up-gradation of sewer system and installation of sewage treatment plant (STP).
2.7 Improvement Proposals for Belgaum CC
2.7.1 Sewerage System
23. The objective of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure wastewater along with human excreta is properly collected and disposed off without causing any health risks or environmental problems. The current proposal includes new sewer lines, construction of pumping station and new pumping machinery, sewer connections to households (HH) and construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
Sub-Components of the project 24. The following subcomponents are included in the design: i) Rehabilitation of 150 km of existing sewerage system and extension – Rehabilitation of sewer network system will be given top most priority. Extension of sewer lines includes laying of additional new sewer network for a length of 275kms ii) Installation of new pumping station with the proper mechanical and electrical facilities iii) Strengthening the existing out fall sewer system iv) Construction of sewage treatment plant (STP) - Design, supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of 64 MLD Capacity STP to serve the intermediate population (0.51 million expected in the year 2011 and 0.67 million expected in the year 2026). v) Proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards vi) To carry out repair works for public toilets
KUIDFC 13 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
vii) Strengthening the existing O & M system with procurement of necessary equipments viii) Proposing changes in the Institutional set up for sustained operation
25. The important components of the underground drainage system are sewage collection system, pumping stations, force main, sewage treatment plant and treated Sewage disposal system. It is proposed to have conventional U.G.D. system for this town. As per the scope of the project, it is proposed to design and lay sewer mains for a length of 275 kilometer, and to rehabilitate existing sewer lines of about 150 kms length. Based on the survey map various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection system for the project City has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow based on contributing population and proportionate sewage generated in the branch lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts, proposals are made for installation of 10 lift stations and 12 pumping stations. Sewage collected at each Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall be conveyed to the Main Sewage Pump Station, from where it shall be pumped to the STP for treatment and finally, disposed to irrigated land or Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards.
26. The proposed sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in terrain and major crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. Sewerage network has been designed for 30 years of design period.
KUIDFC 14 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Map 2.5: Proposed Sewer Coverage for Belgaum City
Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP Rate of water supply : 135 LPCD Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) : 113.40 lpcd (including 5% infiltration) Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) : 64 MLD Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) : 99.00MLD Length of Sewers (proposed) : 275 kms Lift stations (LS) and Pumping Stations (PS) : LS =10 No.s and PS=12 Nos (proposed) Total Length of Force main (proposed) 25 km Treatment Method (proposed) : Cyclic Activated Sludge Process
Source: As per latest designs & Concept Report Proposed STP Site
KUIDFC 15 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
27. Belgaum city is like a saucer terrain predominantly sloping from north-west to south east and northeast area sloping towards south. Practically entire city drains into the Bellary nallah except a small pocket of North West area sloping towards north drains into Markhandeya River. The Bellary nallah area sloping towards south to north east and Markhandeya river area sloping towards west to east.
Map 2.6: STP site Location Map
28. From the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have STP site in eastern direction of Belgaum city in a private land in Halaga village area which is technically, socially and environmentally suitable for STP site and treated sewage can be let into Bellary nallah after satisfying pollution control standards. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt CASP for this project. Land required is 18 acres.
KUIDFC 16 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Cyclic Activated Sludge Process (CASP) 29. The proposed Sewage Treatment Plant of 64 MLD capacity shall comprise: i) Inlet Chamber (Stilling Chamber) ii) Fine Screen Channels iii) Grit Removal Units iv) CASP Reactors v) Chlorine Contact Tank vi) Sludge Sump vii) Centrifuges
Process Chemistry: Removal of Organics 30. The raw sewage free from debris and grit is taken up for biological treatment in CASP Reactors for removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus.
31. The activated sludge bio system is designed using Advanced Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology which operates on extended aeration activated sludge principle for the reduction of carbonaceous BOD, Nitrification, De-nitrification and Phosphorous removal, using energy efficient fine bubble membrane diffused aeration system with automatically controlled air supply based on Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) resulting in 20 – 30% power savings.
32. The practice of manipulating activated sludge reaction environments to obtain maximum nitrogen and phosphorous removal has been optimized using Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology by co-current nitrification & de-nitrification mechanism.
33. In its simplest form, the sequences of fill, aeration, settle and decant are consecutively and continuously operated all in the same Tank, allowing up to 30-40% space saving. No Secondary Clarifier shall be required to concentrate the sludge in the Reactor. The return sludge is recycled and the surplus sludge is wasted from the CASP Basins itself.
34. The system makes use of the variable volume treatment in combination with a biological Selector and operated in a fed-batch Reactor mode. The complete biological operation is divided into cycles. A basic cycle comprises:
KUIDFC 17 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
• Fill – Aeration • Settlement • Decanting
A Typical Cycle 35. During the period of a cycle, the liquid is filled in the CASP Basin up to a set operating water level. Aeration Blowers are started for aeration of the effluent. After the aeration cycle, the biomass settles under perfect settling conditions. Once Settled the supernatant is removed from the top using a DECANTER. Solids are wasted from the tanks during the decanting phase.
a. Anoxic de-nitrification of nitrates in the Biological Selector Zone of CASP (Anoxic Zone) using incoming wastewater b. Bio-degradation of organics including phenol present in the wastewater by Extended Aeration Process c. Oxidation of sulphides in the wastewater d. Co-current nitrification and de-nitrification of Ammonical nitrogen in the aeration zone of CASP Basins e. Removal of Phosphorous
Fig. 2.3: A Typical Cycle
KUIDFC 18 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
36. The dimension of the proposed treatment unit will be m 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 4 units (intermediate) and 48.50 m x 48.5 m with 1 unit (ultimate) with water depth 6.0m sludge depth 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2 baffles. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through surface aerators (no.s) of 15HP each per unit (intermediate-HP). Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be discharged on to nearby Bellary nallah. The other unit details are shown below: Table 2.6: Unit details of C-Tech Description of unit Size / Capacity Qty. Remarks Intake Chamber 45m x 45 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Manual Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 1 0.50m FB Mechanical Bar Screen Chamber (Fine) 6 m x 1.2m x 1.2m 2 0.50m FB Grit Chambers 11 m x 11 m x 0.9 m 2 0.50m FB SBR Basins 48.50m x 48.50 m x 6 m 4 0.50m FB Chlorine Contact Tank 40 m x 12 m x 3.5 m 1 0.50m FB Sludge Sump 15 m x 9.5 m 3.0 m 1 0.50m FB Source: As per latest designs-STP
37. No separate sludge drying beds are required as alternative lagoon serves the purpose of sludge drying. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of surface water disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby Bellary nallah after satisfying the requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will be 90% reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method. The treated sewage will be in compliance with Standards (for pH, BOD, COD, etc.) set by CPCB. Table 2.7: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated CPCB Standards for sewage Inland surface water Design Flow MLD 64.0 64.0 - (Intermediate) Design Flow MLD 99.00 89.10 - (Ultimate) Biochemical Mg/l 300 <30 <30 Oxygen Demand (BOD) pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total coliforms No/100ml. 107 1000 - Detention Time - 5days - - Suspended solids <100 Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment
KUIDFC 19 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
38. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP. The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized persons only. Map 2.7 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Belgaum CC.
Map 2.7: Proposed STP Layout Plan for Belgaum City
39. The proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The proposed project may enhance the eco-balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.
Treated wastewater (sewage)/sludge reuse A. Inside STP area: A buffer zone with 5 rows of plantation shall be developed around STP for aesthetic: • 2 rows of mixed shrubs such as Lantana, Hibiscus and Nerium Oleander • 2 rows of Casuarinas trees and
KUIDFC 20 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
• 1 row of mixture of taller trees such as Delonix Regia (Flame tree), Tipuana Tipu (Rosewood), Khaya Senegalensis (Senegal Mahogany), Pithecalobium saman (Rain tree), Caesalpinia pulcherrhima (Gul Mohr) and Albizia lebbeck (Siris tree).
B. Out- side STP area • For irrigating at 200-250 cum/day/Ha of agricultural land after satisfying KSPCB standards. • Dried sludge shall be handled carefully and disposed to agricultural fields nearby.
2.8 Proposed schedule for implementation
40. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009- 10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.
2.9 Investment Program Alternatives
41. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technology is available for STP. Based on the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The ultimate design period is 2041.
Alternatives for the proposed STP 42. The city is situated on a sloping terrain viz., sloping northwest to southeast. The general ground level varies from 800m in M.M. Extension and minimum of 740m in Old Belgaum. The average rainfall in this city is 1250 mm. The average temperature in this city is a maximum of 340 C and a minimum of 120 C during the summer and winter months. The following STP sites were identified in terms of technical, social, environmental and from maintenance point of view. Table 2.8: The alternatives (sites) and their feasibilities for STP Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks Old Solid waste Khasbag area, This site is near by habitations, 1 Private dumping site. within the city. hence rejected.
KUIDFC 21 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Sl. No. Site Ownership Location Remarks The land is selected based on the easy approach to the STP site and LHS of NH-4 Left hand side of existing outfall sewer line also on the way to 2 NH-4 service Private running beside this site. But Dharwad from road during monsoon this area gets Belgaum. affected by Bellary nallah flooding, hence rejected. Near Alarwad on The Asharya colony habitants Near by 3 the hillock. Private exist near by this site hence, Ashraya colony rejected. Left side on the This to the entrance of the Belgaum Beside old PB way to city and beside there is a proposal 4 Private road Dharwad from of development of satellite city. Belgaum. Hence rejected. Right side on the way to This land is technically, socially Dharwad from Halaga village and environmentally suitable for 5 Private Belgaum, area STP site and treated sewage can 450mts away be let into Bellary nallah. from the NH-4 service road. Source: Concept Report
43. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed Investment Program components are given below: Table 2.9: Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less manpower and importantly does not require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system. Pumping stations are proposed wherever gravity flow method is not possible for the system.
There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached growth aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost. Based on these considerations, C-tech is proposed for Belgaum town. STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there
KUIDFC 22 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives is a falling gradient from north west to south east and southwest to northeast of the town. Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility towards southeast side of Belgaum town.
2.10 Investment Program Benefits
44. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities and their adverse impacts on the environment, human health and socio-economic status can be overcome by safe, adequate and proper water supply, underground sewerage system/sanitation facilities, which will be provided by NKUSIP to the communities of Belgaum ULB. The Investment Program benefits are provided below:
A. Sewerage System Improvements • Provision of Sewerage (UGD) and Sanitation facilities • Avoidance of Wastewater pollution at low-lying area • Avoidance of regular choking of drains • Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas • Protection of the water ecosystem • Reduction in risks of ground water contamination • Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools • Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination • Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace • Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation • Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields • Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes • Healthy and hygienic Environment • Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation
B. Other benefits • Enhancement in archaeological and historical values of the project place especially during important religious festivals • Increased Cultural Values due to assemblage of people from multicultural background, caste and ethnicity (characterized by its customs, traditions, culture, etc.) • Improvement in quality of life
KUIDFC 23 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
3. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Physical Resources
45. Physical resources of the project area are described in brief in following paragraphs.
3.1.1 Topography
46. The city is characterized by Musketry Hills to west and Turukmatti Hills to the north giving a general slope in the southeast direction. The Lendi nallah separates the Cantonment and the civil area of the city in the southeast direction, ultimately joining the Bellary nallah. Kotikere tank in the northeast of the city has a large command area.
3.1.2 Atmosphere
3.1.2.1 Air Quality
47. At present, air quality in general is good but because of poor sanitation and open sewer drains air is unhealthy in the project area.
3.1.2.2 Climate
48. The project area falls under North Karnataka climatic zone. The temperature in Belgaum is generally salubrious except in rainy season. The wet months are from May to October and dry months are from November to March. The best weather is experienced in the months of November, December and January. Temperature, Rainfall and Wind Direction for the project area are given below:
3.1.2.3 Temperature
49. The lowest and highest temperatures are recorded in the months of January and April around 14.30C and 35.40C respectively.
3.1.2.4 Rainfall
50. The city is classified as high rainfall receiving area. The average annual rainfall in Belgaum is 1,300 mm. The rainy season is from May to October with maximum rainfall experienced in the months of July and August. December, January and February are generally dry.
KUIDFC 24 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
3.1.2.5 Humidity
51. The relative humidity varies from 22 to 65 %, which will be higher in the southwest monsoon and retreating monsoon season with 52 to 70%.
3.1.2.6 Wind Direction
52. The prevailing wind direction is from southwest. Local topography and slope largely influence the wind direction. The wind direction shifts to northeast during evening hours. The nearest IMD station is at Belgaum.
3.1.3 Surface Water and Ground Water
3.1.3.1 Surface Water
53. Belgaum city is an old and important city having major Krisha River source along with Ghataprabha River and Malaprabha River branches, which are important surface water sources for the city.
3.1.3.2 Ground Water
54. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10-20 m from the ground level.
3.1.4 Geology and Seismology
55. The rock formation in Belgaum chiefly consists of Dharwars, Gneisses, Kaladgi series and the Deccan trap. Soil is categorized into Red Laterite, Black Trappean soil and Sandy soil. The ground water level in Belgaum is relatively shallow and it fluctuates 5- 10 m from the ground level.
56. The project area falls under zone III seismicity. The region is not prone to frequent earthquakes of high intensity. It is normally affected by mild tremors, not causing damage to life or property.
3.2 Ecological Resources
57. The sensitive and critical natural habitats such as national park, marine park, wildlife sanctuary, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, reserved forest, protested area and its buffer zone, declared special area for protecting bio-diversity or wildlife habitat, estuarine area, coral reef, wet land or marshes or mangrove, cultural heritage sites, etc. were not
KUIDFC 25 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
found in the project area. None of the rare and endangered species of flora and fauna were observed within and surroundings of project area.
3.3 Economic Development
58. Apart from having a significant contribution by defense establishments, educational institutions and industries, Belgaum City is the major collection and distribution centre for a range of products, for the surrounding areas. The main commodities traded in the city are food grains, chilies, edible oils, jaggery, vegetables and fruits, wood furniture, etc. Artificial silk and cotton sarees, brass materials, engineering products, grinding stones, tin and oil products are the commodities that are exported from Belgaum.
3.3.1 Industrial Activities
59. Belgaum has five industrial estates spread on 151.30 Ha of land with 354 occupied plots. The city has only two major industries: Aluminum Factory and Gogte Textiles. There are about 5,600 industries in the city as in 2002. There are 12 large, medium- scale engineering units, and 1,379 small-scale units in the city. The various categories of industries in the city are engineering, textile and hosiery, cement production and ceramic automobile, chemicals, furniture, printing and binding, pottery and agro-based. Several types of small-scale industries by category are indicated in Table 3.1. These are located in industrial estates – B.K. Kangrali, Kakati, Mache, Udyambag and Angol. Table 3.1: Types of industrial units (2002) Types of Industries Units (No.s) Employment (No.s) Food 165 834 Leather 60 240 Chemical 5 60 Plastic 10 50 Paper Printing 30 130 Metal Products 400 1,200 Machinery & Parts 50 200 Textiles & Printing 600 1,200 Gold & Silver 25 75 Wood Products 30 60 Handicrafts 4 16 Total 1,379 4,065 Source: District Industries Centre, Belgaum
60. Belgaum has emerged as a major hub of exports from industrial sector. The information from the Department of Customs and Central Excise reveal that in 2002-03, 200 containers worth of Rs. 62,000 lakh have been exported from Belgaum alone. Major KUIDFC 26 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
exports include Aluminum Powder, Cotton yarn, T-shirts, Turkish Towels, Helmets, Sugar, Granite, Castings, Hydraulic equipments, Engineering Equipments, etc. Belgaum district is the second biggest district in Karnataka as far as Quality Certification of industries is considered. About 75 industries have already obtained ISO certification and many more are in the pipeline.
61. District Industrial Training Centre is in operation in Udyam Bagh industrial area, Belgaum, providing training in the field of automobiles, pattern making, repairs and servicing of radio and home appliances, plumbing and sanitary, repair and servicing of IP sets and bore wells.
3.4 Social and Cultural Resources
3.4.1 Population and Community
62. At present, the City Corporation (CC) jurisdiction extends to 58 wards covering an area of 94.08 sq. km. Belgaum was growing at a faster rate since 1931 but during 1991- 2001, the population growth has declined. The highest and lowest population growth rates recorded were 50.47 percent during 1961-71 and 8.24 percent during 1991-01. Details of decadal population growth are indicated in the table below (Table 3.2). Table 3.2: Population growth in Belgaum City Year Population (No.s) Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) (%) 1901 22434 - 1911 29,636 2.82 1921 36,354 2.06 1931 49873 3.21 1941 71,831 3.72 1951 101,110 3.48 1961 127,885 2.38 1971 192,427 4.17 1981 274,430 3.61 1991 369,177 3.01 2001 399,600 0.80 Source: Census Reports
KUIDFC 27 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
63. The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) has remained steady between 3.61 percent and 3.01 percent, through the period 1971 to 1991. A maximum CAGR of 4.17 percent was recorded during 1961-1971. In 1991-2001, the recorded figure was 0.80 percent. As per Census 1991, the total Workforce Participation Rate (main workers and marginal workers as a percentage to the total population) was around 27 percent.
64. The population density of Belgaum has increased from 2,601 persons per sq. km to 4,247 persons per sq. km (a growth of 63.28 percent). The area under CC limits did not change much since 1989. However, there is a drastic decline from 1991 to 2001, consequently increasing the population density in the city. Table 3.3: Details of Population Density Year Population (No.s) Area (Sq. Km) Density (Persons / Sq. km) 1991 3,69,177 141.95 2,601 2001 3,99,600 94.08 4,247 Source: Belgaum CC
3.4.2 Household size
65. The total number of households has increased from 68,309 in 1991 to 83,625 in 2001.The average household size in 2001 is 4.8 which is lower than the average national household size of 6.3 (Census 2001). The lower dependency ratio can be attributed to constant growth in employment opportunities in the city triggered by growth in economy, thus negating chances of out-migration.
3.4.3 Sex Ratio
66. The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male population) in Belgaum is 951. The sex ratio in the city was found to be lower than the district figure of 959 and at par with the state urban average of 940. However, this figure of 951 for Belgaum City is higher than both district urban figure (948) and state urban average (940). In 1991, the sex ratio of the city was 933.
3.4.4 Literacy Rate
67. In 2001, the literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above six years of age) in the city was 88.03 percent. The literacy rate in Belgaum City is higher than the district (64.40 percent) and the state urban average (71.4 percent). The
KUIDFC 28 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
male and female literacy rate was 93.63 percent and 82.16 percent, respectively. The high literacy rate in the city is attributed to large number of educational institutions.
3.4.5 Occupation
68. Major occupation includes agriculture followed by tertiary occupation of industrial activities and other business activities.
3.4.6 Work Force Participation Rate
69. Belgaum’s workforce participation rate in 1981 was 31.63 percent and decreased to 30.10 percent in 1991. The details of the workforce participation rate for 1981 and 1991 are indicated in following table. The workforce participation rate (percentage of main and marginal workers to the total population) was 30.53% (including 0.22% of marginal workers) in 1991. The workforce participation rate (WPR) has decreased approximately by 2% from 1981 to 1991. The male workforce participation in 1991 (85.23 percent) was more than the female workforce participation in 1991 (14.77 percent). The category-wise workforce participation rate as per 1991 Census is indicated in the following Table 3.4. Table 3.4: Workforce Participation in 1991 Description Persons (No.s) Distribution (%) Main Workers Primary Sector Cultivators 8,170 7.35 Agricultural labourers 3,358 3.02 Secondary Sector Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing & Repairs in 4,107 3.70 Household Industry Other Workers 73,865 66.46 Total Main Workers 1,11,137 Marginal workers 21,541 19.38 Total Population 3,69,177 100.00 Source: Census Reports
KUIDFC 29 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
3.4.7 Existing Facilities
3.4.7.1 Health facilities
70. One government hospital and several private hospitals and health centers (Allopathic, Ayurvedic and Homeopathic practices) were observed within CC limits.
3.4.7.2 Education facilities
71. It is also serving as an educational hub with a number of schools and colleges ranging from primary and secondary schools to medical and engineering colleges.
3.4.8 Physical or Cultural heritage
72. Belgaum city is known for its ancient archaeological and cultural heritage sites in the form of forts, temples and Dargahs.
3.4.9 Land Use
73. According to CDP 2011, Belgaum city has 7840.00 Ha of total area in 1989 out of which 2503.66 Ha is developed. The existing land utilisation detail in the year 1989 as presented in the CDP is detailed in Table 3.5. As per the existing land use statistics, residential area constitutes 44.29 percent of the total developed area. Vacant lands account for 24.71 percent of total local planning area. A vast belt from west to east in between old city and Shahapur is under agricultural use. Due to rapid urban development, the land in these areas is well in demand.
Table 3.5: Existing land Use (1989 - Existing)
Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%) Residential 1,108.75 44.29 Commercial 108.6 4.34 Industrial 415.19 16.58 Public & Semi-public use 289.58 11.57 Public utilities & Open spaces 46.65 1.86 Parks, Play Grounds and Burial Grounds 54.33 2.17 Traffic and Transportation 480.56 19.19 Total Developed Area 2,503.66 100.00 Water Sheet and Hillocks 123.86
KUIDFC 30 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Land Use Area (Ha) Distribution (%) Vacant Lands 1,937.43 Agricultural 3,275.05 Grand Total 7,840.00 Source: CDP
3.5 Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP
74. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up residential and commercial areas of Belgaum City. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no any prohibited area/cultural heritage from where sewer line is passing through. Hence, the project does not require consent from ASI.
75. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The town predominantly slopes from northwest to southeast and therefore the STP site selected in the southeast side of the city. Site was selected for STP on topographical considerations. The site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 467 to 474, 528 & 529 and for approached road - survey numbers -part of 50 to 60. This location is about 4km from Belgaum city and is 3.5 km from the main pumping station. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt Cyclic Activated Sludge Process for this project. 64 MLD capacity (for Intermediate Phase) STP will be designed and constructed which requires 18 acres of land. i) The total land requirement for the STP Site for the ultimate year shall be 18.0 acres. ii) As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is a falling gradient from northwest to southeast except part of northwest side of the city. Hence, from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility near Halaga village Southeast side of Belgum city. Soil strata in the town is black cotton soil and predominant in the region. Depth of ground water table in the city is 10m to 20m. iii) 18 acres of private land required for the purpose of establishing STP in this location. There is no residential area nearby STP site.
KUIDFC 31 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
4. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
76. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that are contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low. Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.
4.2 Location Impacts
77. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involving loss/damage and/or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological / cultural / historical/ paleontaological sites/monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on people- their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may be direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements in the Program components does not pass through/near any environmentally sensitive areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.
4.3 Design Impacts
78. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.
KUIDFC 32 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
4.4 Construction Impacts
79. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices. Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers.
4.5 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts
80. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are routine management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.
4.6 Screening of potential environmental impacts
81. Screening of environmental impacts is based on the magnitude and duration of the impact. The magnitude of the impact may be negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree and impact duration may be temporary/ permanent (Table 4.1). Table 4.1: Screening of potential environmental impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impacts) Negligible (N) Moderate (M) Severe (S) Temporary (T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P
82. The tables (Table 4.2 and Table 4.3) present the magnitude and duration of all four types of possible potential environmental impacts along with required mitigation measures for the proposed components of Belgaum ULB under NKUSIP. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. STP location has been selected sufficiently away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary, which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or surroundings. The program components will have negligible/moderate and temporary impacts, which can be mitigated by proper environment friendly measures.
KUIDFC 33 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 4.2: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing Location impacts Contamination of N/P Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner PC N/a groundwater (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water resources due to This may not be infiltration. leaching of waste significant as the stabilization ponds. proposed STP is not in a flood prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 10m to 20m. Loss of amenity and M/P Development of physical separation and visual screen ULB Part of Design costs odor nuisance to around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone neighbors. STP is located at 4000 in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created m from the city. Future around the STP. expansion of town may be considered. Design Impacts Ground water N/P Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane liner ULB Part of Design costs infiltration The treated sewage may (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent ground water be used for irrigation. infiltration.
KUIDFC 34 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing Pollution of the However, this may not The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering agricultural fields be significant, as seasonal climatic variations. The STP system shall be may be due to treatment will be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of the discharge of partially designed to meet inland treatment and no industrial waste/hazardous waste/treated treated sewage surface water discharge sewage gets discharged to sewer lines. The effluent from standards, which is the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards of stringer than irrigation discharge for inland surface water disposal: standards. BOD < 30 mg/l Suspended solids < 100 mg/l pH 6.5-8.0 Impacts on existing M/P UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water supply ULB Part of Design costs utilities such as water pipelines so that, water supply networks will not be supply pipes and contaminated by sewage from the sewerage networks. contamination of potable water Nuisance due to N/P Storm water drains have been provided all along lagoons to ULB Part of Design costs leakage / avoid overflowing/over flooding/leakage of STP and overflowing/over untreated sewage during storms or heavy rains. flooding of sewers. Overflowing storm water shall be let into nallah. Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time. Nuisance due to M/P Development of physical separation and visual screen ULB Part of Design costs mosquito breeding STP is located at 4000 around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer and bad odours from m from the city. zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be STP. Considering the future created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito expansion of the town, breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses mitigation measure may bushes, etc. be required.
KUIDFC 35 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing Pollution due to M/P Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. ULB Part of O & M costs improper sludge Quantity of sludge Preparation of disposal methods. generation will not be Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall sludge management Sludge removal from considerable. be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in plan the ponds may be Contaminated work area lagoons itself before its disposal in to agricultural areas. done once for every may cause health Training for sanitation staff will be provided on safe 7 years, depending hazards. handling of chlorination techniques on the sludge A sludge management plan is given in Table 4.3. generation. Surface & M/P Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety of effluent ULB Part of O & M costs groundwater pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah Discharge of treated Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for irrigation wastewater into Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding systems are drains which could developed. be used for ponding systems Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to M/P Waste soil shall be beneficially used in construction, land excavation raising and infilling of excavated areas Dust and noise from M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate Contractor Part of construction construction of STP. Sewer network will be arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of cost laid all over the town proper signboards.
KUIDFC 36 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing including high-density Dust generation shall be arrested by water spraying. It shall areas. be ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise As the proposed STP is levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. located away the High noise generating activities including material habitation, as far as unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding laying of sewer network people shall be informed, especially in densely populated is considered, the dust area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating and noise nuisance may activities, if any. be considerable in the A construction site management plan shall be prepared. core town area and in all Poor performance of the contractor may potentially other areas it may be exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified negligible. contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Dust due to M/T Soil shall be removed as soon as it is excavated Contractor Part of construction stockpiled soil in cost windy weather Dust due to soil M/T Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil when carried on Contractor Part of construction transportation trucks cost Collection of rain M/T Excavation shall be conducted in the dry season Contractor Part of construction and ground water in Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to farmers for cost excavated areas irrigation Removal of some M/P Trees will be removed only if it cannot be avoided. Contractor Part of construction trees from the site Two trees shall be planted and maintained for every tree if cost removed Traffic disturbance M/T Proper planning of routes shall be done to avoid narrow Contractor Part of construction by lorries carrying local roads cost
KUIDFC 37 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing waste soil Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods Economic benefits if M/T Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from Contractor Part of construction local people are communities in vicinity of STP site. cost employed in Contractor’s workforce B. Sewerage Network and Trunk Sewer Waste soil due to M/P As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially used in Contractor Part of construction trenching construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas cost Waste soil may M/T As above: Waste soil shall be removed as soon as it is Contractor Part of construction create dust when excavated cost stored or transported As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather Damage other S/P Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed before the Contractor Part of construction infrastructure due to commencement of trenching work or these sites shall be cost trenching avoided Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located. Disturbance to road M/T Subprojects shall be integrated to conduct trenching at Contractor Part of construction users or public due to same time cost repeated trenching Inconvenience to M/T During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways Contractor Part of construction access business, The access for business shall be provided along the construction areas for the cost. residential and other and other facilities public to access their requirements for residential, shopping immediate facilities along the proposed and other facilities.
KUIDFC 38 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing for the public and sewer lining areas will Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. impact on livelihood be disturbed during Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are (shop construction period. temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation owners/keepers) due procedures must be followed as per Resettlement to loss of access to framework. business. Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement Framework. • Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. • Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench. • Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly. • Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance Inconvenience to M/T Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame. Contractor Part of Construction public during Reduced pedestrian and Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done Costs trenching and laying vehicle access to during non-peak hours. of sewer lines/ pipes residences and Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that along thick businesses entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. commercial areas Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes and narrow streets; will be implemented by providing adequate signboards. where public facilities are located. Nuisance due to dust M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize Contractor Part of construction and noise; road Dust generation may be traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in costs blocking due to significant as the dry busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, laying of sewer weather condition old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion network; and, prevails in the town. including prior intimation and by erecting proper signboard increased traffic flow shall be provided.
KUIDFC 39 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing due to vehicle Considering the market and dense residential areas in the movement for core town area, preparation of construction site construction management plan is necessary. activities. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Traffic disturbance M/T Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize Contractor Part of construction and road blocking The proposed network traffic blockages. costs due to laying of will be laid in the Poor performance of the contractor may potentially sewer network and presently unserved exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified vehicle movement fringe and extension contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes for construction areas. As these areas the implementation of construction site management plan, activities; are not densely which will address these issues. inconvenience to the populated areas the Work shall be planned with town authorities. Work shall be local community. impacts due to carried out when traffic is light. It will be ensured that construction activities police provide traffic diversions whenever necessary. Traffic disturbance may not be significant. Workforce shall be increased to finish this work quickly. due to lack of space Traffic Management caused by Plan for the construction placing/dumping of phase has to be prepared soil on road and/or if for rerouting and sewers have to be avoiding slow located in the road movement of vehicles. itself
Traffic disturbance N/T Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow streets, congested Contractor Part of Construction and vibration due to roads, important/fragile buildings, key religious & tourism Cost. trucks removing sites. Work shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main
KUIDFC 40 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing waste and may cause tourism season. damage to fragile buildings Dust and noise from N/T The practices such as spraying of water to arrest dust shall Contractor Part of Construction construction Due to dry climatic be employed. All equipments used in construction Cost activities. condition the dust activities shall comply with CPCB noise emission norms. Impact on air quality generation may be Waste soil shall be removed quickly, stockpiles shall be due to dust from considerable. covered with tarpaulins and/or water shall be sprinkled to waste soil and Major noise generating avoid dust pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to imported sand activities such as rock site when needed. blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged. Improper disposal of M/P Bituminous waste shall be disposed in approved waste Contractor Part of construction Bituminous waste disposal sites. costs Improper handling of N/T Excess soil shall be disposed in low laying areas other than Contractor Part of Construction excess soil water bodies Cost. On site accident risks M/T A site Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared and Contractor Part of Construction for workers and the implemented that includes measures to: Cost. public Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records Economic benefits if M/T As above: Employment shall be provided to locals Contractor Part of Construction local people are particularly affected persons identified in Resettlement Cost. employed in Plans-50% of workforce from affected communities Contractor’s workforce
KUIDFC 41 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing O & M Impacts Human health risks M/T Sewer leaks shall be detected and repaired rapidly and ULB Part of O & M costs and contamination of effectively soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers Nuisance due to N/P The suggested mitigation measures shall be implemented ULB Part of O & M costs overflowing/choking No major water bodies to avoid chocking. of sewers. and ground water is Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided. very deep. However, nuisance shall be considered. Impact on business S/T • Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of ULB Part of O & M costs income if customer’s soil. access is impeded by • Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles network repair works to cross trench. • Workforce shall be increased in these areas to finish work quickly. • Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance System failure due to M/P Alternative power supply by generator (Capacity: 2000 ULB Part of O & M costs lack/shortage of KVA) for pumps will be provided at STP. power supply Discharge of M/P Part of O&M Cost hazardous materials Treatment process in the The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to KSPCB and into sewers, resulting downstream will be avoid mixing of industrial waste stream/hazardous waste ULB in damage to sewer significantly affected with sewage in sewer system. system and danger to workers Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic Mixing of Industrial effluent and gases Waste water with
KUIDFC 42 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing sewage Odour nuisance due M/P Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork will ULB Part of O & M costs to STP be created and well maintained around the site. This impact may be STP is located at 4000 considered as m from the city. Future negligible due to expansion of town may location of plant site be considered. and proposed buffer provision Potential pollution of N/P The following effluent discharge standards for stream ULB N/a. stream/agricultural discharge will be ensured: fields due to As the STP is designed inadequate treatment. for stream discharge BOD < 30 mg/l - standards, the impact Suspended solids < 100 mg/l may be minimal. pH 6.5-8.0 However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems. Pollution and health M/P For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding machine with ULB Part of O & M costs hazards due to adequate capacity will be procured. The sludge, silt, etc. improper sludge Quantity of sludge extracted manually during cleaning, de-weeding and de- disposal methods generation will not be silting of sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary workers will considerable. be transported through mini trucks immediately and Contaminated work area disposed off in approved landfill site or solid waste may cause health management sites.
KUIDFC 43 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Potential Negative Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impacts Duration of the Impact Responsibility Costing hazards. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented. Sludge removal from S/T Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of bacteria and ULB Part of O & M costs treatment ponds once pathogens in every 7 years Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling M/P Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with a contact ULB Part of Construction and safety of workers time of 30 min. Hypochlorate solution will be used as and Operation Cost. disinfectant. Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency. Economic benefits to M/P STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas ULB Part of O & M costs local people by project Discharge of M/T Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be carried out. ULB Part of O & M costs insufficiently treated A water quality-testing laboratory will be provided. wastewater to water Health & Safety risks M/T H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with same Part of O & M costs of workers and the measures as used in construction phase ULB public during repair work
KUIDFC 44 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 4.3: Sludge Management Plan
Quantity Duration Method Treatment Storage Disposal Safety measures of sludge of of Method generated Collection collection 26449 Once in 7 Manually Sludge is No storage. Dried and Sludge will be disposed as Workers safety must be considered. tonnes years by dried in collected sludge will be manure to nearby scrapping lagoon itself disposed soon after the agricultural lands or to Safe sludge handling methods shall be removal land fill sites. employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.
KUIDFC 45 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS
5.1 Institutional Requirements
83. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the following paragraphs.
Nodal Executing Agency (EA)
84. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU with the assistance of an Executive Director at the Regional Office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress.
State level Empowered Committee 85. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.
Implementing Agency (IA) 86. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all of its responsible implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and quality check of construction activities.
87. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.
KUIDFC 46 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Fig. 5.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy
KUIDFC 47 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
88. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.
89. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants as specified in the IEE.
KUIDFC 48 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 5.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Particulars Responsible Program Phase Agency Design Phase Investment Program Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Environmental Belgaum ULB categorization Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment Program (NKUSIP) as PMU A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines Environmental Assessment Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Program categorization Investment (EA) Study Carrying out Public consultation and Information disclosure Program Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report Consultants Investment Program clearances Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from concerned Govt. ULB Agencies Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure compliance of the PMU report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made available to the ULB public, and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available. Incorporation of mitigation Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment measures into Investment Investment Program design and in contract documents Program Program design Consultants Review of design documents Review of design documents and contractual documents for compliance of PMU mitigation measures Construction Implementation of mitigation Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given in IEE/EIA Report Contractor Phase measures Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan during Investment Construction Phase and monitoring of implementation of mitigation Program measures Consultants Preparation of Progress Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a ULB in assistance Reports section on implementation of mitigation measures of Program Consultants (PC) Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Plan ULB Compliance Monitoring Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub- KSPCB project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan
KUIDFC 49 SPAN
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Training Requirements 90. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be involved in the monitoring of Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB will implement the Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures specified in IEE report is part of contractor’s responsibilities during construction. However, the responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the training program is very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The table (Table 5.2) presents the suggested training program: Table 5.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants Program - 1 Orientation Program – 2 days • PMU officials Orientation involved in the • Investment Program Cycle of Program/ Investment NKUSIP Workshop for Program
Implementing • ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines and Executing • ULB officials
Agencies • EIA requirements of NKUSIP involved in the • National (Indian) Environmental Investment Laws and Regulations relating to Program urban infrastructure Investment implementation Program • Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs Environmental Assessment Process – • Investment Program categorization as per ADB • IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports • Identification of Environmental Impacts • Identification of Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental Management Plan • Implementation and Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program Design and Contracts Program - 2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 1 day • Contractors Orientation involved in • Environment issues related to urban Program/ NKUSIP KUIDFC 50 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Program Particulars Schedule Participants Workshop for infrastructure Investment Programs • Supervisory Contractors and during construction staff involved Supervisory • Implementation of mitigation in NKUSIP Staff measures • Monitoring of mitigation measures Program – 3 Experiences/Best Practices in the 1day-every • PMU officials Experience alternative Investment Program- • ULB officials sharing year from • Local NGOs • Experiences during implementation of the mitigation measures of environmental commence concern in the Investment Program ment of • Best practices followed during Investment implementation program
5.2 Environmental Monitoring Plans
91. Monitoring is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures. Component specific Environmental Monitoring for sewerage system is given in Table 5.3. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design changes. Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table 5.4 and annual environmental cost estimate is provided in Table 5.5.
KUIDFC 51 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage system component
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off PMU impacts and mitigation measures- inspection before Incorporation of mitigation measures signing of into the bidding and civil contract the contract documents One time PC All designs of components include before final proper consideration of environment - Proposed designs of DSC design (i.e., water and air quality, noise phase pollution, sludge management)
One time PC Design of occupational safety before final - Proposed designs of DSC measures design phase As needed PC before and Training programs for staff by -- -- during consultants implementat ion Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Sewer pipes and Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly ULB with the Adequate monitoring of gas may not Manholes network once as part assistance of be possible due to distant manhole of Plant Program spacing. Manhole shall be designed operation consultants considering worker/s safety. All location and design related Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU/ULB/PC
KUIDFC 52 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility mitigation measures to mitigate loss the design including air dispersion inspection of of amenity and nuisance; and sludge N.A. modeling for STP site. designs disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents Disposal of treated waste water – Sale STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and
Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in One-off PMU measures; the contract documents inspection of contract Construction site management plan to Verification of contract documents document control dust and noise nuisance, and before signing the contract road blocks Implementation of Construction site Sewer laying Monitoring of air quality and noise is Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise sites and not required. The implementation of ULB with the nuisance at site; and traffic surroundings mitigation measures (usage of standard assistance of maintenance equipment complying with CPCB Investment Noise Standards for construction Program equipments) and assessment of the consultants situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured. Beneficial usage of waste soil All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ (construction, land raising, infill) PMU/ULB/PC
KUIDFC 53 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Waste soil removal as soon as it is All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ excavated PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ transported on trucks PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of narrow local roads From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ when transporting soil PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of transporting soil during From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ peak traffic periods PMU/ULB/PC Coverage or damping down Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ stockpiled soil in dry weather PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ the dry season PMU/ULB/PC Pumping groundwater from excavated STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ areas and provide to farmers PMU/ULB/PC Leaving spaces for access between Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ mounds of soil PMU/ULB/PC Provision for planks/walkways to Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ allow people & vehicles to cross open PMU/ULB/PC trenches Removal of trees only if it cannot be All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ avoided PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and maintenance of two All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ trees for every one removed PMU/ULB/PC *Compensation for businesses for lost Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ income PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ areas to finish work quickly PMU/ULB/PC Advance information to shopkeepers Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and residents of work PMU/ULB/PC
KUIDFC 54 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Confirmation of location of Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ infrastructure and avoid these sites PMU/ULB/PC Location of water and sewer pipes on Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ opposite sides of roads PMU/ULB/PC Integration of subprojects to conduct Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ trenching at same time PMU/ULB/PC Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that police provide traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ diversions when required PMU/ULB/PC Proper planning for transport routes to Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ avoid narrow streets, important or PMU/ULB/PC fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to avoid Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ peak traffic and main festival/tourism PMU/ULB/PC season Avoidance of using pneumatic drills Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ near buildings at risk from vibration PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ machinery and proper maintenance as PMU/ULB/PC specified Consultation with authorities, Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident Monthly Contractor/ custodians of buildings, communities surveys PMU/ULB/PC to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ site H&S Plan (safety of PMU/ULB/PC workers/public)
KUIDFC 55 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Protective Equipment PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Health and Safety All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ training for all personnel PMU/ULB/PC Following of documented procedures All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ for all site activities PMU/ULB/PC Maintenance of accident reports and All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ records PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ from communities near sites PMU/ULB/PC Operation Stage Monitoring Baseline water quality Bellary nallh Water quality testing for parameters Monthly ULB such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, once as part coliforms, etc. of Plant operation Clogging of drains Sewer network Proper maintenance with periodical Monthly ULB sites cleaning or scrapping of drains or de- once as part silting/de-weeding, etc. of Plant operation Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly ULB gas monitoring network once as part of Plant operation Odor emission control at STP and STP and Sewer Proper operation and Maintenance of Regular/routi ULB Sewerage System network the Sewerage and STP system. ne –daily maintenance • Frequent flushing or scraping.
KUIDFC 56 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility • Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. • Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. • Lagoon covers. • Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.
Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site. Check for contamination of ground - - ULB water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage Analysis of Wastewater characteristics Monthly i) Influent wastewater quality Inlet of STP including heavy metals such as once as part Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), of Plant Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), operation Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)
KUIDFC 57 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility ii) Treated wastewater quality at Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater ULB outlet discharge point of STP characteristics to comply with PCB Seasonal disposal standards: (four • BOD seasons) as < 30mg/l third party • pH – monitoring 6.5 –8.0 • SS < 100mg/l Implementation of Sludge N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling
Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling Emergency plan for Power supply Pumping Station Under emergency situations such as Whenever ULB management to minimize risks on the and STP power failure in the pumping stations, there is receiving waters diesel operated generators (125KVA) power have been proposed. In case of failure (regular of generators, the sewage collected in supply) the well will be pumped using diesel failure pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained. Detection and repairing of sewer Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB leaks rapidly and effectively
KUIDFC 58 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Mitigation Activities/Measures & Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Parameters to be monitored Frequency Monitoring Responsibility Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB to fertilize land Advance information of work to Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB shopkeepers and residents Provision of walkways/planks for Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB public and vehicles Requesting police to divert traffic if Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB necessary Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB vehicles near fragile buildings Completion of work quickly in Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB sensitive areas Consultation with communities to Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB avoid working during sensitive periods Preparation and operation of H&S All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB plan to protect workers and citizens Economic benefits to local people- STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas Survey of chemical and STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for ULB bacteriological quality of STP effluent 5 years Bacteriological surveys of dried STP STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for ULB sludge 5 years Survey of public health and incidence Belgaum City Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 ULB of water borne disease years
KUIDFC 59 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 5.4: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility I. Construction Stage Sewerage Sewer lines Trenching and Respiratory Providing personal protective Daily inspection Contractor, PMU System laying sites laying of water problems due to equipments such as helmet, mask, throughout and ULB and STP site supply pipelines, dust, accidents boots, gloves, etc. construction sewer lines and due to traffic stage. Monthly storm water drains problems and inspection of Improper stock piling and accident reports management of causing injuries and complaints equipments / or death register machines Transportation of Traffic Management and construction Construction site access control materials to and Providing first aid and safety training from sites to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records II. Operation Stage Sewerage Sewer Repair work and Eye irritation, Providing personal protective Monthly ULB system Network sites de-silting Respiratory equipments such as mask, boots, inspection of and STP Unit problems and gloves, etc. operation and
KUIDFC 60 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility Sewer cleaning – skin problems Immediate medical attention and first maintenance; and sewage mixed with such as allergy aid accident records hazardous materials and injuries and industrial waste Treating ground First aid and awareness training to water staff contamination Gas monitoring in Respiratory sewer pipes problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. STP Chlorine handling Eye irritation, Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, Monthly ULB Respiratory well-ventilated area in tightly sealed inspection of problems -m containers operation and allergy, nausea, maintenance asphyxia, etc. records and skin Monthly health Handling of problems Training to operators for safe check-up for chemicals other handling of chemicals workers than Chlorine Maintenance of Sludge handling Installation of safety showers and eye accident reports wash units/stations near all chlorine and records using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff
KUIDFC 61 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Table 5.5: Annual environmental cost estimate (2009) Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Monitoring during Operation Phase 1 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,000 2 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,000 3 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000 Training cost 1 Program 1 3,000 2 Program 2 3,000 3 Program 3 2,000 Other 1 Group Discussions 2,000 2 Health checkups for workers 50,000 TOTAL 1,50,000 Amount in Figures: Rupees One lakh fifty thousand only
KUIDFC 62 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
92. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank, the PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public, Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Board, etc. and CC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the design process of all the project components.
93. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and the merit or its rehabilitation.
94. During field visits, CC officials (including the commissioner) and local people (farmers, businessmen, Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the present situation of the project area environment and to establish necessary mitigation measures for the project components. These consultations have given insight into the concerns and requirements of CC officials and publics with relation to implementation of program components within the CC area. These contacts provided an opportunity for the local community to involve in the initial stages of the project activities. Table 6.1 below gives details of the Public Consultation. Table 6.1: Details of Public consultation for the NKUSIP in Belgaum ULB Date Place Taluk District No. of participants 12-07-2008 CC, Belgaum Belgaum Belgaum 15 13-07-2008 Bus stand Area, 25 Belgaum 13-07-2008 Railway Station 20 Area, Belgaum
KUIDFC 63 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
95. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components within the CC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include proper operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly with reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the quality of life for the local communities. Table 6.2: Queries and Responses regarding STP during Public consultation S. No. Queries Responses 1 Will choking of drains be Yes. Routine maintenance will be done by stopped? Will odor ULB. problem be stopped? 2 Will the project enhance Yes. The purpose of the program is to the environmental provide sewerage facilities and STP with due conditions of the city? concern to the environment. 3 Will health risks be Yes. UGD and STP facilities will solve these avoided? What about problems to the maximum. health risks of STP Sludge Handling workers will be provided workers? with protective coverings to overcome any health risks. UGD facilities must be properly used by the communities to avoid any water/wastewater related health problems. Open faeciation must be completely avoided.
A B Fig. 6.1: Public Consultation
KUIDFC 64 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) 96. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC) established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process.
97. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns. In addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance redress was included as additional functions vide GO: No. N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional two towns of NKUSIP Package II – Nippani and Ilkal, which were included. Later the DLPSC was established along the function of grievance redress vide GO: No. N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated 29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.
KUIDFC 65 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Findings
98. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect) environmental impacts. Sewerage system improvement with Sewage Treatment Plant component has certain environmental issues such as sludge handling and disposal; and required mitigation measures during construction and operation phases have been provided. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio-economic environment. The nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental benefits will outweigh any localized impacts.
99. The suitable Activity plans required for these construction and operation specific impacts of all program components should be prepared by the ULB in association with Program Consultants before construction phase and must be included in the Contract Document. The Activity Plans based on identified mitigation measures include Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (with reference to STP) and Health Risk Plan (with reference to health of workers involved in Sewerage system and STP). CC and Contractors should implement these plans during program construction and operation phases.
7.2 Recommendations
100. It is expected that the proposed project components have only minor, negative, localized, temporary and less significant environmental impacts. These impacts can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during the Design, Construction and Post Construction Phase of the project. It is recommended that PMU should have monitoring responsibility in environmental issues of all program components and to ensure the environmental sustenance of NKUSIP.
KUIDFC 66 SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
8. CONCLUSIONS
101. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design, and feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing of heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional construction practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed out the need to revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental impacts, reducing potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among others.
102. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society. The project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can be understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It is recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to protect the environment. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the proposed Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for subproject selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only IEE for proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.
KUIDFC 67 SPAN
APPENDICES
NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST
SEWAGE TREATMENT
Instructions: • This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.
• This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.
• This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.
• Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package II – Belgaum CC
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area… • Densely populated? √ • Heavy with development activities? √ • Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site √ • Protected Area √ • Wetland √ • Mangrove √ • Estuarine √ • Buffer zone of protected area √ • Special area for protecting biodiversity √ • Bay √ B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause… • Impairment of historical/cultural √ No damage to any of the monuments/areas and loss/damage to these cultural/religious sensitive areas. sites? The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples • Interference with other utilities and blocking of √ During the construction of UGD lines access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring traffic and human activities may be areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, temporarily affected with pollution rodents, etc.? caused by dust and noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been
KUIDFC i SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks suggested. • Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ Land acquisition is required for people? project implementation. But, no human settlements near the STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people. • Impairment of downstream water quality due to √ The discharged system is designed inadequate sewage treatment or release of to meet the discharge norms of untreated sewage? Inland surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no industrial waste/treated sewages should be discharged to sewer lines, which will affect treatment. • Overflows and flooding of neighboring √ Periodic maintenance of sewer lines properties with raw sewage? has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties. • Environmental pollution due to inadequate √ It is suggested in EMP that sludge sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges disposal has to be carried out once illegally disposed in sewers? in 7 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Belgaum CC has to ensure that no industrial treated sewage will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines. • Noise and vibration due to blasting and other √ It is suggested in EMP that all civil works? construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. • Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, √ As suggested in EMP Belgaum CC resulting in damage to sewer system and has to ensure that no hazardous danger to workers? waste will be illegally discharged into sewer lines. • Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and √ Buffer zone with screens and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other landscaping is suggested to provide possible nuisances, and protect facilities? proper shielding such that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings. • Social conflicts between construction workers √ The local labor force will be utilized from other areas and community workers? by the contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. • Road blocking and temporary flooding due to √ Avoidance of road blocking and land excavation during the rainy season? rerouting of traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report. • Noise and dust from construction activities? √ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water. • Traffic disturbances due to construction material √ Traffic management with rerouting of transport and wastes? traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction
KUIDFC ii SPAN NKUSIP (Package II – Belgaum) Tranche II Sub-projects in Belgaum CC Initial Environment Examination (IEE)
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks material/waste transport. • Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ The construction wastewater will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses. • Hazards to public health due to overflow √ Regular maintenance of sewer lines flooding, and groundwater pollution due to has to be carried out to avoid failure of sewerage system? overflow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (10m- 20m) • Deterioration of water quality due to √ Sludge from the bottom of C-tech inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge method of treatment has to be of untreated sewage water? removed at regular intervals (normally once in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and thereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated.
Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility. • Contamination of surface and ground waters √ Sludge should be disposed off only due to sludge disposal on land? in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo-synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment. • Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic √ Mixing of hazardous/industrial gases and hazardous materials which maybe treated sewages with sewage may contained in sewage and sludge? result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP, which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement.
The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and they shall be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.
KUIDFC iii SPAN