Water Quality Annual Report

East Gippsland Water October 2012015555

133 Macleod Street, PO Box 52, 3875 TTT 03 5150 4444 FFF (03) 5150 4477 EEE [email protected] WWW www.egwater.vic.gov.au WATER : WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT 2014 /2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

111 INTRODUCTION ...... 4 1.1 CHARACTERISATION OF THE SYSTEM ...... 4 222 WATER TREATMENT AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT SSYSTEMSYSTEMS ...... 6 2.1 SYSTEM SUMMARY ...... 6 2.2 SYSTEM ISSUES ...... 8 2.3 SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS ...... 8 333 QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FOR 2014/2015 ...... 9 3.1 REGULATED PARAMETERS ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI ) ...... 9 3.2 REGULATED PARAMETERS TRIHALOMETHANES ...... 10 3.3 REGULATED PARAMETERS CHLOROACETIC ACID ...... 11 3.4 REGULATED PARAMETERS DICHLOROACETIC ACID ...... 12 3.5 REGULATED PARAMETERS TRICHLOROACETIC ACID ...... 13 3.6 REGULATED PARAMETERS ALUMINIUM (ACID SOLUBLE ) ...... 14 3.7 REGULATED PARAMETERS TURBIDITY ...... 15 3.8 FLUORIDE ...... 16 3.9 OTHER SUBSTANCES BLUE GREEN ALGAE ...... 18 3.10 OTHER SUBSTANCES CADMIUM ...... 20 3.11 OTHER SUBSTANCES CHROMIUM ...... 21 3.12 OTHER SUBSTANCES ARSENIC ...... 22 3.13 OTHER SUBSTANCES CYANIDE ...... 23 3.14 OTHER SUBSTANCES COPPER ...... 24 3.15 OTHER SUBSTANCES LEAD ...... 25 3.16 OTHER SUBSTANCES BIOCIDES ...... 26 3.17 OTHER SUBSTANCES RADIOLOGICAL ...... 29 3.18 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS PH ...... 30 3.19 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS HARDNESS ...... 31 3.20 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS FREE CHLORINE ...... 32 3.21 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS COLOUR ...... 33 3.22 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS MANGANESE ...... 34 3.23 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS IRON ...... 35 3.24 AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS ZINC ...... 36 3.25 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ...... 37 444 EMERGENCY AND INCIDEINCIDENTNT MANAGEMENT ...... 38 4.1 NOTIFICATION EVENTS UNDER SECTION 22 OR SECTION 18 ...... 38 4.2 OTHER ...... 38 555 COMPLAINTS RELATRELATINGING TO WATER QUALITY ...... 39 5.1 DISCOLOURED WATER ...... 39 5.2 TASTE AND ODOUR ...... 39 666 ACTIONS ARISING FROM THE MOST RECENT RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN AUDIAUDITTTT...... 40 777 UNDERTAKINGS UNDER SSECTIONECTION 30 OF THE ACT ...... 41 888 REGULATED WATER ...... 41 999 FURTHER INFORMATION ...... 41 101010 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...... 42

EAST GIPPSLAND WATER : WATER QUALITY ANNUAL REPORT 2014 /2015

Document Status

Revision Comments Issue Date Prepared By Reviewed By Approved By No.No.No. 1 Draft for Comment 01/09/2015 Richard Fincher Lara Caplygin Frank (Internal) McShane 2 Final Draft for review 02/09/2015 Lara Caplygin Frank Bruce McShane Hammond 3 Final Draft for Board 03/09/2015 Lara Caplygin Bruce EGW Board Hammond 4 Final Draft for 15/09/2015 Richard Fincher Department of Lara Caplygin Department of Health Health & & Human Services Human Services 5 Final Document for 08/10/2015 Richard Fincher Frank Matthew Department of Health McShane Whitelaw & Human Services

East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

111 Introduction

At East Gippsland Water our vision is to be recognised as a premier and trusted water corporation. This means supplying our customers with water that meets or exceeds all health requirements and ensuring it reaches our customers when they need it. Last financial year we treated and delivered over 4.4 billion litres of drinking water. This water was distributed to around 22,860 customer connections across East Gippsland. The quality of our drinking water consistently performs well against the Safe Drinking Water regulations with all drinking water supplied to our customers found to be fully compliant during 2014/2015. Once again this year 100 per cent of our samples were free of Escherichia coli (E. coli). We also complied with the regulations for the six other drinking water quality standards including aluminium, turbidity and byproducts of chlorine disinfection. To maintain this strong performance we continue to improve our supplies through strategic investment in new infrastructure as well as a key focus on maintenance systems for existing infrastructure. We also continue to improve our operational activities to identify and manage risks. Last financial year we have continued to work with stakeholders (such as East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority and private landholders) to influence activities in our catchments. This improves the quality of water before it is processed by our plants and delivered to customer taps as drinking water. We hope that our customers find this report informative and that it highlights our ongoing commitment to excellent drinking water quality in East Gippsland.

1.11.11.1 Characterisation of the System

We supply a region covering approximately 21,000 square kilometres in the far south east corner of Victoria (Figure 1). The area extends east from Lindenow and Bairnsdale, through Lakes Entrance to Mallacoota near the New South Wales border, and as far north as Dinner Plain in the High Country of the Victorian Alps. In East Gippsland most of the water we deliver to our customers is sourced from local river systems, with underground aquifers utilised in our Mallacoota and Mitchell systems to supplement supply. Dinner Plain is our only locality where all drinking water is sourced from local aquifers. Nine separate water supply systems serve the communities of Bairnsdale, Bemm River, Bruthen, Buchan, Cann River, Dinner Plain, Eagle Point, Johnsonville, Lakes Entrance, Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust, Lake Tyers Beach, Lindenow, Lindenow South, Mallacoota, Marlo, , Newlands Arm, Newmerella, Nicholson, Nowa Nowa, , , Paynesville, , Sarsfield, Swan Reach and Swifts Creek. A summary of our water supply and treatment systems is provided in Section 2.1.

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Figure 1: East Gippsland Water’s region of operation

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222 Water TTTreatmentTreatment and QQQualityQuality MMManagementManagement SSSystemsSystems

As described above, we manage nine separate water supply systems. A detailed summary of these systems is provided in Table 2.1. To manage these supplies, we have a Drinking Water Quality Risk Management System (after this referred to as ‘the system’) which identifies key risks and ensures they are managed appropriately. Our system has been developed in accordance with Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011. An overview of its structure is shown in Figure 2 below. Internal audits of the system are undertaken routinely to ensure we continually improve our systems. We most recently undertook an external audit at the request of the Department of Health & Human Services in MarchApril 2014, and passed, with no non conforming issues identified (refer to Section 6 for more details).

Figure 2: Structure of the Drinking Water Quality Risk Management System

2.12.12.1 System Summary

A summary of the methods undertaken to process our drinking water is presented in Table 2.1 below.

No significant changes were made to the water treatment processes in 2014/2015 apart from the addition of ultra violet (UV) disinfection at Swifts Creek.

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Table 2.1 Water sampling locality and treatment summary table

Water Sampling Population Source Water Catchment Description Raw Water Treatment Treatment process Added substances Comments Locality Supplied Storage Plant (Connections)

Bairnsdale 7,620 Mitchell River Primarily forest (> 90%) with Woodglen No. 1 Woodglen Coagulation, flocculation, Caustic soda, poly (LT 25 1 & 1LT 25 used for backwash water some human, forestry and (850ML) & 2 clarification (dissolved air 27 2), fluoride 3, poly clarification Aquifer (5 Lindenow 220 agricultural impacts some (713ML) storage flotation), filtration (granular aluminium chlorohydrate 3 bores, seasonal 2LT 27 used for centrifuge cattle and some septic tanks basins media filter), disinfection, (PAC 23), chlorine supplemental particularly around the town fluoridation (compressed chlorine gas and 3Fluoride dosing commenced in Lindenow South 160 supply) of Dargo. The nonforested sodium hypochlorite); fluoride August 2010 area is around 510% of the (fluorosilicic acid) 3; powder SarsfieldBruthen 580 4Capacity for powder activated catchment, but is mostly activated carbon 4 carbon addition exists, but is not located near the river banks Merrangbaur 900 currently in use SunlakesToorloo 2,960

Kalimna 660

Eagle PointPaynesville 3,650

NicholsonSwan Reach 710

Metung 1,220

Nowa Nowa 110

Buchan River 80% forest with some impacts n/a Buchan Coagulation, flocculation, Caustic soda, poly aluminium 1LT 25 used for backwash water Buchan 110 (forestry, agriculture, cattle clarification (dissolved air chlorohydrate (PAC 23), poly clarification and camping) flotation), filtration (granular (LT 25 1), chlorine (sodium

media filter), disinfection hypochlorite) Cann River Forest, agricultural land n/a Cann River Cann River 200 (cattle), some septic tanks, roads and logging Bemm River 90% forest, with some n/a Bemm River Bemm River 110 forestry, agricultural and human impacts Forest, agricultural land 4.6ML basin Swifts Creek Coagulation, flocculation, Caustic soda, poly aluminium 1LT 25 used for backwash water Swifts Creek 130 (cattle), some septic tanks, (shadecloth dissolved air flotation, chlorohydrate (PAC 23), poly clarification roads and logging covered) filtration, disinfection (UV and (LT 25 1), chlorine (sodium chlorine) hypochlorite) Brodribb River 90% forest, with some 6ML basin Orbost Coagulation, flocculation, Soda ash, Caustic Soda 1, poly 1Caustic Soda has replaced soda Orbost 2,000 & Rocky River forestry, agricultural and clarification (upflow clarifier), aluminium chlorohydrate ash at Orbost WTP in June 2015. human impacts filtration (granular media (PAC 23), poly (LT 20), filter), disinfection chlorine (sodium Butchers Creek State forest with minimal 5ML (shadecloth Omeo hypochlorite) Omeo 260 human impacts (some covered) and grazing) 10ML basin

Betka River & State forest with minimal 41ML basin Mallacoota Caustic soda, poly aluminium 1LT 25 used for backwash water Mallacoota 950 Aquifer human impacts (some (shadecloth chlorohydrate (PAC 23), poly clarification forestry) covered) (LT 20 & 25 1), chlorine (2 bores) (sodium hypochlorite) Aquifer Supply is extracted from bores 700kL tank Dinner Plain Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection Nil Nil Dinner Plain 390 deeper than 70m, with an (2 bores) exclusion zone

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2.22.22.2 System Issues

Our supply systems operated as designed last financial year and no issues were identified with their capacity to routinely meet the required water quality standards.

No Section 18 or 22 notifications were made to the Department of Health & Human Services under the Safe Drinking Water Act (2003) during 2014/2015.

A summary of the opportunities for improvement identified during the 2014 Drinking Water Quality Regulatory Audit, alongside their current progress, is provided in Section 6.

2.32.32.3 System Improvements

Last financial year, the following improvements were made to our systems: • Continuation of highpressure cleaning of water mains across our water sampling localities as part of our ongoing programmed maintenance systems. • Installation of an UltraViolet (UV) disinfection system at Swifts Creek Water Treatment Plant and an upgrade of the existing UV disinfection system at Dinner Plain. Swifts Creek is now the first of our sites to disinfect water using both chlorination and a UV system. • Purchase and installation of emergency generators for key water treatment facilities to ensure continuity and quality of water supply during power outages (Woodglen, Bemm River, Buchan).

Figure 3: Water Treatment Operator Ray Thomas

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333 QuQuQualityQu ality of Drinking Water for 2014/2015

3.13.13.1 Regulated Parameters Escherichia coli (E. coli)

E. coli is a microorganism that may cause illness in susceptible individuals. E. coli is associated with recent contamination of water supplies with faecal material and is therefore considered to be an important indicator of the safety of the water supply. Samples are taken at least weekly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: At least 98% of all samples of drinking water collected in any 12month period to contain no E. coli per 100mL .

Water Sampling Minimum No. of No. of Maximum % samples Complying Locality Sampling Samples samples Result with no (Yes / No) Frequency a taken containing (orgs / E.coli E.coli 100mL)

Bairnsdale Weekly 72 0 0 100% Yes Bemm River Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Buchan Weekly 53 0 0 100% Yes Cann River Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Dinner Plain Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Kalimna Weekly 53 0 0 100% Yes Lindenow Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Lindenow South Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Mallacoota Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Merrangbaur Weekly 53 0 0 100% Yes Metung Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Nowa Nowa Weekly 53 0 0 100% Yes Omeo Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes Orbost Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes SarsfieldBruthen Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes SunlakesToorloo Weekly 58 0 0 100% Yes Swifts Creek Weekly 52 0 0 100% Yes aAdditional samples may be recorded due to population size (both fixed and seasonal) and the number of sampling days per calendar year.

3.1.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the E. coli water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.23.23.2 Regulated Parameters Trihalomethanes

Trihalomethanes are compounds that may be produced when chlorine disinfectant reacts with organic material present in the water. These compounds may impact public health if they are present in drinking water in high concentrations over a long period of time. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: Trihalomethanes must not exceed 0.250 milligrams per litre.

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0 0.043 Yes Bemm River Monthly 12 0 0.032 Yes Buchan Monthly 12 0 0.076 Yes Cann River Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes Dinner Plain Nonroutine a 3a 0a 0.002 a Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0 0.059 Yes Kalimna Monthly 12 0 0.060 Yes Lindenow Monthly 12 0 0.031 Yes Lindenow South Monthly 12 0 0.033 Yes Mallacoota Monthly 12 0 0.190 Yes Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0 0.060 Yes Metung Monthly 12 0 0.063 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0 0.054 Yes Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0 0.087 Yes Omeo Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Orbost Monthly 12 0 0.049 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0 0.070 Yes Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0 0.046 Yes a– Dinner Plain water sampling locality is not usually sampled for chlorinebased disinfection byproducts as ultraviolet disinfection is employed in place of chlorine. However during a two week period from 16/02/15 to 02/03/15, the ultraviolet disinfection was upgraded. The water was disinfected with sodium hypochlorite during the upgrade process.

3.2.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the Trihalomethane water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.33.33.3 Regulated Parameters Chloroacetic acid

Chloroacetic acid is a compound that may be produced when chlorine disinfectant reacts with organic material that may be present in the water. These compounds may impact public health if they are present in drinking water in high concentrations over a long period of time. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: Chloroacetic acid must not exceed 0.150 milligrams per litre.

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Bemm River Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Buchan Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Cann River Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Dinner Plain n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Kalimna Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Lindenow Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Lindenow South Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Mallacoota Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Metung Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Nicholson Swan Reach Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Omeo Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Orbost Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Sarsfield Bruthen Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Sunlakes Toorloo Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes an/a– not applicable; Dinner Plain water sampling locality is not sampled for chlorinebased disinfection by products as ultraviolet disinfection is employed in place of chlorine.

3.3.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the Chloroacetic acid water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.43.43.4 Regulated Parameters Dichloroacetic acid

Dichloroacetic acid is a compound that may be produced when chlorine disinfectant reacts with organic material present in the water. These compounds may impact public health if they are present in drinking water in high concentrations over a long period of time. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: Dichloroacetic acid must not exceed 0.100 milligrams per litre.

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Bemm River Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Buchan Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Cann River Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Dinner Plain n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Kalimna Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Lindenow Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Lindenow South Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Mallacoota Monthly 12 0 0.020 Yes Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Metung Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Omeo Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Orbost Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes an/a– not applicable; Dinner Plain water sampling locality is not sampled for chlorinebased disinfection by products as ultraviolet disinfection is employed in place of chlorine.

3.4.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the Dichloroacetic acid water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.53.53.5 Regulated Parameters Trichloroacetic acid

Trichloroacetic acid is a compound that may be produced when chlorine disinfectant reacts with organic material that may be present in the water. These compounds may impact public health if they are present in drinking water in high concentrations over a long period of time. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: Trichloroacetic acid must not exceed 0.100 milligrams per litre.

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Bemm River Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Buchan Monthly 12 0 0.025 Yes Cann River Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Dinner Plain n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Kalimna Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Lindenow Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes Lindenow South Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Mallacoota Monthly 12 0 0.034 Yes Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Metung Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0 0.018 Yes Omeo Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Orbost Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes an/a– not applicable; Dinner Plain water sampling locality is not sampled for chlorinebased disinfection by products as ultraviolet disinfection is employed in place of chlorine.

3.5.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the Trichloroacetic acid water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.63.63.6 Regulated Parameters Aluminium (acid soluble)

Aluminiumbased compounds are used to assist the water treatment process to ensure high quality, safe drinking water is produced. Acidsoluble aluminium may be present in trace amounts following the water treatment process. Longterm exposure to high concentrations of this compound may impact public health. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: Aluminium (acid soluble) must not exceed 0.20 milligrams per litre.

Water Sampling Minimum No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Sampling Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Frequency a Samples

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Bemm River Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Buchan Monthly 12 0 0.11 Yes Cann River Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Dinner Plain n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a a Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Kalimna Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Lindenow Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Lindenow South Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Mallacoota Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Metung Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Omeo Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Orbost Monthly 12 0 0.12 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes an/a– not applicable; Dinner Plain water sampling locality is exempt from aluminium testing requirements as aluminiumbased compounds are not used for treatment within this locality.

3.6.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for the acid soluble aluminium water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.73.73.7 Regulated Parameters Turbidity

Turbidity measures the presence of fine suspended material present in the water and may result in a ‘cloudy’ appearance of water. Turbidity is an indirect indicator for the general quality of water and may represent fine particles such as clays, minerals or microscopic organisms. Samples are taken monthly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: 95 per cent upper confidence limit (UCL) of the mean of drinking water samples collected in the preceding 12 months must be ≤ 5.0 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units).

Water Sampling Minimum No. of Maximum 95% UCL of Complying Locality Sampling Samples (NTU) mean (Yes / No) Frequency a

Bairnsdale Weekly 72 5.2 0.3 Yes Bemm River Weekly 52 0.9 0.6 Yes Buchan Weekly 53 0.3 0.1 Yes Cann River Weekly 52 0.9 0.4 Yes Dinner Plain Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Eagle PointPaynesville Weekly 52 0.1 0.1 Yes Kalimna Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Lindenow Weekly 52 0.8 0.1 Yes Lindenow South Weekly 52 1.6 0.2 Yes Mallacoota Weekly 52 4.9 0.6 Yes Merrangbaur Weekly 53 0.1 0.1 Yes Metung Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Nowa Nowa Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Omeo Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Orbost Weekly 52 1.4 0.2 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes SunlakesToorloo Weekly 58 0.2 0.1 Yes Swifts Creek Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes aAdditional samples may be recorded due to population size (both fixed and seasonal) and the number of sampling days per calendar year.

3.7.1 Comments on results All routine samples taken in water sampling localities were compliant for the turbidity water quality standard for the 2014/2015 reporting period. The maximum of 5.2 NTU in Bairnsdale was due to an isolated ageing water main in the locality. This main is programmed for replacement in the next three years.

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3.83.83.8 Fluoride

Fluoride is added to the water sampling localities in the Mitchell system to promote oral health under direction of the Victorian Department of Health & Human Services. Fluoride samples are taken monthly in each of the fluoridated water sampling localities, such that a weekly sample is taken at different locations in the fluoridated Mitchell system. Compliance is measured as: annual average fluoride level must not exceed 1 milligram per litre and all individual samples must be less than 1.5 milligram per litre. Meeting Obligation is measured as: annual average fluoride level greater than 0.6 milligram per litre in fluoridated systems.

Water Sampling Operating No. of No. of Min. Max. Complying Meeting Sampling Frequency Target Samples non- (mg/L) (mg/L) (Yes/No) Obligation Locality (mg/L) complying (Yes/No) results

Bairnsdale b Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.41 0.90 Yes Yes Bemm River Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Buchan Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Cann River Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Dinner Plain Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a

Eagle Point Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.46 0.91 Yes Yes Paynesville b Kalimna b Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.51 0.90 Yes Yes Lindenow b Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.50 0.89 Yes Yes

Lindenow Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.49 0.87 Yes Yes South b

Mallacoota Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Merrangbaur Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.57 0.91 Yes Yes

Metung b Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.42 0.91 Yes Yes Nicholson Swan Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.64 0.90 Yes Yes Reach b

Nowa Nowa b Monthly 0.9 12 0 0.53 0.91 Yes Yes Omeo Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Orbost Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.05 Yes n/a a Sarsfield 0 Monthly 0.9 12 0.56 0.90 Yes Yes Bruthen b

Sunlakes 0 Monthly 0.9 12 0.58 0.91 Yes Yes Toorloo b

Swifts Creek Biannually n/a a 2 0 0.05 0.08 Yes n/a a

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an/a – not applicable as these systems are not fluoridated. bIndicates fluoridated water sampling localities. 3.8.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for fluoride for the 2014/2015 reporting period. East Gippsland Water has been 100% compliant for this standard at each fluoridated sampling locality since fluoridation began in 2010. Low levels of fluoride detected in nonfluoridated water sampling localities is due the natural occurrence of fluoride in source waters.

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3.93.93.9 Other SubstancesSubstances Blue green algae

Blue green algae (or ‘cyanobacteria’) are microscopic organisms that may thrive in warm, nutrient rich waters. They may impact water quality by releasing taste and odour compounds. In some extreme circumstances, these organisms may release concentrations of toxins that may impact public health. Samples are taken seasonally in each of the relevant water sampling localities. In addition to routine monitoring samples, additional samples may be taken to monitor the progression of algal growth during the summer/autumn seasons. The Department of Health & Human Services must be notified under Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 when samples representing the quality of drinking water supplied to customers indicate any of the following: • total microcystins are detected at greater than or equal to 1.3 micrograms per litre • Microcystis aeruginosa is present at greater than or equal to 6,500 cells per millilitre • total combined biovolume of known toxic cyanobacterial species is greater than or equal to 0.6 millimetres cubed per litre • total combined biovolume of all cyanobacterial species is greater than or equal to 10 millimetres cubed per litre.

The table below summarises our monitoring program for blue green algae in 2014/15 in both raw water and clear water supplies.

Water Sampling Locality No. of Samples (Raw Water) No. of Samples (Clear Water)

Bairnsdale 56* 2 Eagle Point Paynesville n/a Kalimna n/a Lindenow 5 Lindenow South n/a Merrangbaur 5 Metung n/a NicholsonSwan Reach n/a Nowa Nowa n/a SarsfieldBruthen n/a SunlakesToorloo 4 Bemm River n/a a 13 Buchan n/a a n/a Cann River n/a a 5 Dinner Plain n/a a n/a Mallacoota 5 5 Omeo 23 n/a

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Water Sampling Locality No. of Samples (Raw Water) No. of Samples (Clear Water)

Orbost 28 12 Swifts Creek 5 n/a an/a – not applicable; this may be due to the absence of the specified storage within this locality, or due to the low risk from algal growth due to the presence of a fully sealed storage tank. * the same raw water storages (Wooglen 1 & 2) feed all 11 localities 3.9.1 Comments on results No relevant samples exceeded the reporting criteria for Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (2003 ) in 2014/2015. Due to the significant upgrades undertaken by EGW in the past 10 years, there are no uncovered clear water storages supplying customers (uncovered clear water storages are prone to algae blooms). Any blue green algae biovolumes greater than 0.200 millimetres cubed per litre were reported in accordance with the Department of Environment and Primary Industry’s Blue Green Algae Circular 2014-15 .

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3.10 Other Substances Cadmium

Cadmium may be introduced into drinking water supplies through pipes and fittings. Exposure to high concentrations of cadmium may result in potential health implications. Samples are taken quarterly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.002 milligrams per litre (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Frequency No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Bemm River Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Buchan Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Cann River Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Kalimna Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Lindenow Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Lindenow South Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Mallacoota Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Merrangbaur Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Metung Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Nowa Nowa Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Omeo Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Orbost Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes SunlakesToorloo Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 0 0.0002 Yes

3.10.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for cadmium for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

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3.11 Other Substances Chromium

Chromium may occur naturally in the environment or be introduced through human activity. Samples are taken quarterly in each of the water sampling localities. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.05 milligrams per litre of Cr(VI) (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Bemm River Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Buchan Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Cann River Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Kalimna Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow South Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Mallacoota Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Merrangbaur Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Metung Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Nowa Nowa Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Omeo Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Orbost Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes SunlakesToorloo Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes

3.11.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for chromium for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 21 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.12 Other Substances Arsenic

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element which can be introduced into water through minerals and ores. Short and longterm exposure to arsenic may result in potential health impacts. Samples are taken biannually in each applicable water sampling locality. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.01 milligrams per litre (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Biannually 4a 0 0.001 Yes Bemm River Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Buchan Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Cann River Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Dinner Plain Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Kalimna Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow South Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Mallacoota Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Merrangbaur Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Metung Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Nowa Nowa Biannually 4a 0 0.001 Yes Omeo Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Orbost Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes SunlakesToorloo Biannually 2 0 0.001 Yes Swifts Creek Biannually 3b 0 0.001 Yes aWater sampling locality has two entry point locations, each sampled biannually. bAdditional sampling was undertaken at Swifts Creek as part of a risk based sampling programme associated with activities in the catchment.

3.12.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for arsenic for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 22 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.13 Other Substances Cyanide

Cyanide may occur naturally in the environment or be introduced through human activity. Testing for cyanide is performed biannually in each applicable water sampling locality. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.08 milligram per litre (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples

Bairnsdale Biannually 4a 0 0.005 Yes Bemm River Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Buchan Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Cann River Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Dinner Plain Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Kalimna Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Lindenow Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Lindenow South Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Mallacoota Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Merrangbaur Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Metung Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Nowa Nowa Biannually 4a 0 0.005 Yes Omeo Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Orbost Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes SunlakesToorloo Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes Swifts Creek Biannually 2 0 0.005 Yes aWater Sampling locality has two entry point locations, each sampled biannually.

3.13.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for cyanide for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 23 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.14 Other Substances Copper

Copper may occur naturally in the environment or be introduced into water through contact with copper pipes and fittings. Samples are taken quarterly in each applicable water sampling locality. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 2 mg/L (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011) and ≤ 1 milligram per litre (aesthetic guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum Complying Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) (Yes / No) Samples Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Bemm River Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Buchan Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Cann River Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 0 0.230 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Kalimna Quarterly 4 0 0.011 Yes Lindenow Quarterly 4 0 0.017 Yes Lindenow South Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Mallacoota Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Merrangbaur Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Metung Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly 4 0 0.034 Yes Nowa Nowa Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Omeo Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Orbost Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly 4 0 0.110 Yes SunlakesToorloo Quarterly 4 0 0.015 Yes Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 0 0.011 Yes

3.14.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for copper for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 24 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.15 Other Substances Lead

Lead may occur naturally in water or be introduced through contact with lead pipes and joint fittings. Human exposure to high levels of lead may result in toxic effects. Samples are taken quarterly in each applicable water sampling locality. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.01 milligram per litre (healthbased guideline value under the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of No. of Non- Maximum No. of Non- Locality Frequency Samples Complying (mg/L) Complying Samples Samples Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Bemm River Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Buchan Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Cann River Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Kalimna Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Lindenow South Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Mallacoota Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Merrangbaur Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Metung Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Nowa Nowa Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Omeo Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Orbost Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes SunlakesToorloo Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes

3.15.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for lead for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 25 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.16 Other Substances Biocides

All surface raw water sources are analysed annually for biocides (i.e. herbicides and pesticides). A representative suite of these biocides is examined based on land management activities in the water supply catchments. Sampling occurs during the months of heaviest rainfall, namely July or September. The targeted biocides, alongside their associated limits of detection, are presented in the table below. Compliance is measured as recorded values being below the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 healthbased guideline value, or if not specified in the Guidelines, the absence of the compound above the laboratory’s limits of detection. East Gippsland Water maintains close liaison with local stake holders (e.g. Catchment Management Authority, Vic Forests) regarding biocide application in water supply catchments, to ensure minimal risk to the drinking water supply. In July 2014, surface raw water samples were analysed from Bemm River, Buchan, Cann River and Orbost. In September 2014, surface raw water samples were analysed from the Woodglen storages (1 and 2), Mallacoota, Swifts Creek and Omeo.

Water Sampling Class Compound Units Result Complying Sampling Frequency (Yes / No) Locality

Annually n/a Glyphosate mg/L <0.03 Yes July 2014 Bemm River, Organo Aldrin mg/L <0.00001 Yes Buchan, chlorine Cann River Biocides BHC (Alpha Isomer) mg/L <0.00005 Yes & Orbost BHC (Beta Isomer) mg/L <0.00005 Yes

September BHC (Delta Isomer) mg/L <0.00005 Yes 2014 cisChlordane mg/L <0.00001 Yes Bairnsdale (Woodglen transChlordane mg/L <0.00001 Yes storages 1 & 4,4'DDD mg/L <0.00006 Yes 2), Mallacoota, 4,4'DDE mg/L <0.00006 Yes Omeo & Swifts 4,4'DDT mg/L <0.00006 Yes Creek Dieldrin mg/L <0.00001 Yes

Endosulfan I mg/L <0.00005 Yes Endosulfan II mg/L <0.00005 Yes Endosulphan Sulphate mg/L <0.00005 Yes Endrin mg/L <0.0001 Yes Endrin Aldehyde mg/L <0.0001 Yes Hexachlorobenzene mg/L <0.000002 Yes Heptachlor mg/L <0.00005 Yes Heptachlor Epoxide mg/L <0.00005 Yes Lindane (BHC Gamma mg/L <0.00005 Yes Isomer) Methoxychlor mg/L <0.0002 Yes

Page 26 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

Water Sampling Class Compound Units Result Complying Sampling Frequency (Yes / No) Locality

Endrin Ketone mg/L <0.00005 Yes Organo Dichlorvos mg/L <0.001 Yes phosphor us Monocrotophos mg/L <0.001 Yes Biocides Prophos mg/L <0.001 Yes Tetraethyldithiopyrphos mg/L <0.001 Yes Phorate mg/L <0.001 Yes DemetonS mg/L <0.001 Yes Diazinon mg/L <0.001 Yes Methyl Parathion mg/L <0.001 Yes Ronnel mg/L <0.001 Yes Malathion mg/L <0.001 Yes Fenthion mg/L <0.001 Yes Chloropyrifos mg/L <0.001 Yes Ethyl Parathion mg/L <0.001 Yes Trichlorinate mg/L <0.001 Yes Tetrachlovinphos mg/L <0.001 Yes Tukuthion mg/L <0.001 Yes Fensulfothion mg/L <0.001 Yes EPN mg/L <0.001 Yes Coumaphos mg/L <0.001 Yes Phenoxy 2,4,5T g/L <0.01 Yes acid biocides 2,4,5TP g/L <0.01 Yes 2,4,6T g/L <0.1 Yes 2,4D g/L <0.01 Yes 2,4DB g/L <0.01 Yes 2,4DP g/L <0.01 Yes 2,6D g/L <0.1 Yes 4 Chlorophenoxy Acetic g/L <0.01 Yes Acid Clopyralid g/L <0.05 Yes Dicamba g/L <0.01 Yes Fluroxypyr g/L <0.05 Yes MCPA g/L <0.01 Yes MCPB g/L <0.01 Yes

Page 27 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

Water Sampling Class Compound Units Result Complying Sampling Frequency (Yes / No) Locality

Mecoprop g/L <0.01 Yes Metsulfuron Methyl g/L <0.1 Yes Picloram g/L <0.05 Yes Triclopyr g/L <0.01 Yes

3.16.1 Comments on results All the above results were below the healthbased guideline value in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, or if not specified in the Guidelines, were below the lower limits of detection, and therefore were deemed to be compliant in 2014/2015.

Page 28 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.17 Other Substances Radiological

Radiologically active compounds may impact public health. Radiological activity samples are taken from bore waters every two years and from surface waters every five years. While there are no specific guidelines for radiological activity, the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011) advise that radionuclides should be identified and determined if gross alpha or beta activities exceed 0.5 Bq/L.

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Sites Gross Alpha Gross Beta Complying Locality Frequency Sampled Activity Max. Activity Max. (Yes / No) (Bq/L) (Bq/L)

Dinner Plain 2yearly 1 0.05 0.10 Yes Mallacoota 2/5yearly a 2 0.07 0.10 Yes aBore samples are taken 2yearly; surface water samples are taken 5yearly.

3.17.1 Comments on results All results obtained were below the guideline values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines and were therefore deemed compliant for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 29 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.18 Aesthetic Characteristics pH pH is the measure of the acidity (pH <7.0) or alkalinity (pH >7.0) of the water. Extreme pH values may cause corrosion or scaling in certain circumstances. High pH may also reduce the effectiveness of chlorine disinfection. pH samples are taken weekly in each water sampling locality. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011) state that the pH of drinking water should lie between pH ≥ 6.5 and ≤ 8.5 (aesthetic guideline limit). However, as cement mortarlined pipes and newly constructed concrete water storages may raise pH, values up to pH 9.2 may be tolerated, provided no deterioration in microbiological quality of the water supply is observed.

Water Sampling Minimum Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum Average Locality Frequency a Samples (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

Bairnsdale Weekly 72 7.1 7.7 7.3 Bemm River Weekly 52 7.0 7.6 7.3 Buchan Weekly 53 8.0 9.0 8.4 Cann River Weekly 53 7.4 8.9 8.3 Dinner Plain Weekly 52 6.6 7.4 6.9 Eagle Point Paynesville Weekly 52 7.2 9.1 7.5 Kalimna Weekly 53 7.2 7.6 7.4 Lindenow Weekly 52 7.2 8.2 7.5 Lindenow South Weekly 52 7.4 8.1 7.7 Mallacoota Weekly 52 7.4 8.7 8.0 Merrangbaur Weekly 53 7.2 7.8 7.5 Metung Weekly 52 7.5 9.0 8.5 NicholsonSwan Reach Weekly 52 6.9 9.0 7.6 Nowa Nowa Weekly 53 7.6 9.3 8.5 Omeo Weekly 52 7.2 8.9 8.2 Orbost Weekly 52 7.2 9.1 8.2 SarsfieldBruthen Weekly 52 7.0 7.9 7.4 SunlakesToorloo Weekly 58 7.2 8.8 7.7 Swifts Creek Weekly 52 7.4 8.1 7.8 aAdditional samples may be recorded due to population size (both fixed and seasonal) and the number of sampling days per calendar year.

3.18.1 Comments on results Based on the average values over the year, pH values for all water sampling localities are within the upper guideline range for pH (i.e. pH < 9.2). Higher pH values have been observed in Buchan, Nowa Nowa and Metung water sampling localities. This is largely due to the presence of cementlined distribution pipes. However, these higher pH values have not impacted water quality, as evidenced by compliant microbiological (Table 3.1) and aesthetic quality (Section 5) during 2014/2015.

Page 30 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.19 Aesthetic Characteristics Hardness

Hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved calcium compounds in water. Hard water may result in scaling issues. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 200 milligrams per litre (Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 aesthetic value) as total hardness (as calcium carbonate).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum % Locality Frequency Samples (mg/L) (mg/L) Complying

Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 21 30 100% Bemm River Quarterly 4 13 17 100% Buchan Quarterly 4 11 30 100% Cann River Quarterly 4 19 22 100% Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 36 56 100% Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Kalimna Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Lindenow Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Lindenow South Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Mallacoota Quarterly 4 27 67 100% Merrangbaur Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Metung Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Nowa Nowa Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Omeo Quarterly 4 11 20 100% Orbost Quarterly 4 16 19 100% SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b SunlakesToorloo Quarterly n/a a n/a a n/a a n/a b Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 40 84 100% aNot applicable; Bairnsdale samples represent the entry point for the Mitchell system; accordingly, hardness is not routinely sampled in the other Mitchell system water sampling localities i.e. Eagle Point Paynesville, Kalimna, Lindenow, Lindenow South, Merrangbaur, Metung, NicholsonSwan Reach, Nowa Nowa, SarsfieldBruthen, SunlakesToorloo.

3.19.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for hardness for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 31 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.20 Aesthetic Characteristics Free chlorine

Chlorine is a disinfection agent that is added to drinking water to kill harmful microorganisms and ensure the water is safe to drink. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (2011) state that chlorine concentrations in the drinking water supply must be ≤ 5 milligrams per litre for health purposes.

Water Sampling Minimum Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum Average Locality Frequency a Samples (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

Bairnsdale Weekly 72 0.21 0.92 0.70 Bemm River Weekly 52 0.29 0.92 0.61 Buchan Weekly 53 0.15 1.10 0.61 Cann River Weekly 52 0.05 1.30 0.60 Dinner Plain Nonroutine b 4 b 0.10 b 0.46 b 0.23 b Eagle Point Weekly 52 0.25 0.73 0.50 Paynesville Kalimna Weekly 53 0.36 0.86 0.62 Lindenow Weekly 52 0.27 1.20 0.79 Lindenow South Weekly 52 0.30 0.80 0.59 Mallacoota Weekly 52 0.04 1.20 0.48 Merrangbaur Weekly 53 0.42 0.81 0.61 Metung Weekly 52 0.21 1.10 0.58 NicholsonSwan Reach Weekly 52 0.47 0.86 0.68 Nowa Nowa Weekly 53 0.15 0.75 0.49 Omeo Weekly 52 0.24 0.84 0.60 Orbost Weekly 52 0.05 1.00 0.62 SarsfieldBruthen Weekly 52 0.27 0.98 0.61 SunlakesToorloo Weekly 58 0.36 0.90 0.66 Swifts Creek Weekly 52 0.5 1.00 0.73 a Additional samples may be recorded due to population size (both fixed and seasonal) and the number of sampling days per calendar year. b Dinner Plain water sampling locality is not usually sampled for free chlorine as ultraviolet disinfection is employed in place of chlorine. However during a two week period from 16/02/15 to 02/03/15 the ultra violet disinfection was upgraded. During this period the water was disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. 3.20.1 Comments on results Variations in chlorine levels can arise from a number of factors, including proximity to a disinfection plant, interaction with pipe material, increase/decrease in usage (and therefore flow rates and detention times), changes in water temperature, and the presence of trace organic matter in the water/distribution network. Based on the average concentration over the year, all water sampling localities were below the healthrelated limit of ≤ 5 milligrams per litre.

Page 32 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.21 Aesthetic Characteristics Colour

Colour occurs in water generally as a result of dissolved organic material. Although not directly related to health impacts, elevated colour can be an aesthetic issue. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 15 Hazen Units (HU); (Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 aesthetic value).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum % Complying Locality Frequency Samples (HU) (HU)

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 2 2 100% Bemm River Monthly 12 2 4 100% Buchan Monthly 12 2 2 100% Cann River Monthly 12 2 2 100% Dinner Plain Monthly 12 2 4 100% Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 2 2 100% Kalimna Monthly 12 2 2 100% Lindenow Monthly 12 2 2 100% Lindenow South Monthly 12 2 4 100% Mallacoota Monthly 12 2 6 100% Merrangbaur Monthly 12 2 2 100% Metung Monthly 12 2 2 100% NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 2 2 100% Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 2 2 100% Omeo Monthly 12 2 2 100% Orbost Monthly 12 2 2 100% SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 2 2 100% SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 2 2 100% Swifts Creek Monthly 12 2 2 100%

3.21.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for colour for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 33 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.22 Aesthetic Characteristics Manganese

Manganese may occur naturally in the environment, or may be introduced through industrial activity. Manganese may cause aesthetic issues (such as taste or staining of laundry and appliances) as well as health issues at high concentrations. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.1 milligrams per litre (aesthetic value) and ≤ 0.5 milligrams per litre (healthbased guideline value; Australian Drinking Water Guidelines [2011]).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum % Complying Locality Frequency Samples (mg/L) (mg/L)

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0.001 0.004 100% Bemm River Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Buchan Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Cann River Monthly 12 0.001 0.002 100% Dinner Plain Monthly 12 0.001 0.004 100% Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Kalimna Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Lindenow Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Lindenow South Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Mallacoota Monthly 12 0.001 0.006 100% Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Metung Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Omeo Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Orbost Monthly 12 0.001 0.010 100% SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100% Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0.001 0.001 100%

3.22.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for manganese for the 2014/2015 reporting period (both aesthetic and health values).

Page 34 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.23 Aesthetic Characteristics Iron

Iron may occur naturally in the environment, or may be introduced through industrial activity, as well as through customer service piping. High levels of iron in the water can impart taste and may stain laundry or fittings. There is no healthbased guideline for iron in drinking water. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 0.3 milligrams per litre (Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 aesthetic value).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum % Complying Locality Frequency Samples (mg/L) (mg/L)

Bairnsdale Monthly 12 0.01 0.10 100% Bemm River Monthly 12 0.03 0.07 100% Buchan Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Cann River Monthly 12 0.01 0.04 100% Dinner Plain Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Eagle Point Paynesville Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Kalimna Monthly 12 0.01 0.02 100% Lindenow Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Lindenow South Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Mallacoota Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Merrangbaur Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Metung Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% NicholsonSwan Reach Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Nowa Nowa Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100% Omeo Monthly 12 0.01 0.03 100% Orbost Monthly 12 0.01 0.17 100% SarsfieldBruthen Monthly 12 0.01 0.02 100% SunlakesToorloo Monthly 12 0.01 0.02 100% Swifts Creek Monthly 12 0.01 0.01 100%

3.23.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for iron for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 35 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.24 Aesthetic Characteristics Zinc

Zinc may occur naturally in the environment, or may be introduced through industrial activity, as well as through customer service piping. High levels of zinc in the water can impart taste and appearance issues with drinking water. Compliance is measured as: ≤ 3 milligrams per litre (Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 aesthetic value).

Water Sampling Sampling No. of Minimum Maximum % Locality Frequency Samples (mg/L) (mg/L) Complying

Bairnsdale Quarterly 4 0.001 0.014 100% Bemm River Quarterly 4 0.007 0.011 100% Buchan Quarterly 4 0.001 0.002 100% Cann River Quarterly 4 0.002 0.003 100% Dinner Plain Quarterly 4 0.004 0.009 100% Eagle Point Paynesville Quarterly 4 0.001 0.003 100% Kalimna Quarterly 4 0.001 0.003 100% Lindenow Quarterly 4 0.001 0.003 100% Lindenow South Quarterly 4 0.002 0.051 100% Mallacoota Quarterly 4 0.001 0.006 100% Merrangbaur Quarterly 4 0.002 0.004 100% Metung Quarterly 4 0.001 0.002 100% NicholsonSwan Reach Quarterly 4 0.002 0.004 100% Nowa Nowa Quarterly 4 0.001 0.027 100% Omeo Quarterly 4 0.001 0.007 100% Orbost Quarterly 4 0.001 0.006 100% SarsfieldBruthen Quarterly 4 0.003 0.015 100% SunlakesToorloo Quarterly 4 0.001 0.005 100% Swifts Creek Quarterly 4 0.002 0.011 100%

3.24.1 Comments on results All water sampling localities were compliant for zinc for the 2014/2015 reporting period.

Page 36 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

3.25 Analysis of Results

Comparing the percentage compliance in all water sampling localities (refer to Figure 4) demonstrates our high standard of compliance over the past three years. All sampling localities were fully compliant with the parameters described in Schedule 2 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005 in 2014/2015 (refer to Figure 5).

Figure 4: Percentage of water sampling localities compliant with Schedule 2 parameters

Figure 5: Percentage of connections supplied with compliant drinking water in all localities

Page 37 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

444 Emergency and IIIncidentIncident MMManagementManagement

4.14.14.1 Notification Events under Section 22 or Section 18

Under the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, the Department of Health & Human Services must be notified of circumstances where drinking water supplied to the public does not comply, or is not likely to comply, with any relevant water quality standard, or where drinking water is supplied that may pose a risk to human health or cause widespread public complaint. In 2014/2015, no Section 22 notifications were made to the Department of Health & Human Services. A water supplier must notify the Department of Health & Human Services under Section 18 of the Act when drinking water supplied to the public does not comply with any relevant water quality standard set out in Schedule 2 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. In 2014/2015, no Section 18 notifications were made to the Department of Health & Human Services.

4.24.24.2 Other

On the 9 th May 2015, the Cann River Water Treatment Plant experienced an unplanned power outage which adversely impacted the secondary chlorination system. While we are well equipped for the numerous planned and unplanned power outages common across East Gippsland, in this particular instance, the system did not respond as intended. The main supply pipeline to the township was flushed, with samples indicating the chlorination and contact times were within acceptable limits. East Gippsland Water notified the Department of Health & Human Services as soon as we became aware of the situation and worked with them during our response. A Water Quality Incident Response Investigation report was completed, which included some key recommendations. All actions have now been completed including those improvements also applicable to other water treatment sites.

Page 38 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

555 Complaints Relating to Water Quality

Our Customer Charter outlines our commitments, responsibilities and standards of service to be provided to our customers. This Charter also sets out the obligations to customers as outlined by the Essential Services Commission’s Customer Service Code for metropolitan retail and regional water businesses. This includes specific standards and conditions of service that apply to all water businesses in Victoria. Further information relating to East Gippsland Water’s Customer Charter can be found on our website www.egwater.vic.gov.au. Customer complaints relating to water quality were again low in 2014/2015, which is likely due to (1) the ongoing optimisation of chlorine addition to the treated water supply and (2) air scouring and other proactive maintenance activities.

Table 6.1 Summary of customer water quality complaints in 2014/2015

Complaint Number of Number per 100 complaints connectionsconnections****

Discoloured Water 2 0.009 Taste and Odour 3 0.013 Blue Water 0 0.000 Air in water 0 0.000 Other 0 0.000 *Calculations based on 22,864 water supply connections.

5.15.15.1 Discoloured water

Two complaints were received relating to the same discoloured water incident, following the repair of a water main in the area.

5.25.25.2 Taste and OOdourdour

Three taste and odour complaints were received in 2014/2015, compared to four complaints in this category in 2013/2014. These complaints involved an unconfirmed chemical taste and two cases of dirty tasting water from different water sampling localities.

Page 39 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

666 Actions aaarisingarising from the mmmostmost rrrecentrecent RRRiskRisk MMManagementManagement PPPlanPlan AAAuditAudit

Our Drinking Water Quality Risk Management System was audited in MarchApril 2014 by an independent external auditor. The Drinking Water Quality Risk Management Plan (RMP), which is the central component of East Gippsland Water’s Drinking Water Quality Risk Management System, outlines a preventive, systematic and comprehensive approach to drinking water quality assurance. The RMP identifies risks to drinking water quality at all steps in the water supply chain, from catchment to consumer, and ensures that appropriate control measures are in place to effectively manage the risks. The RMP also describes supporting plans and policies that are essential to the ongoing provision of safe, high quality drinking water to our consumers. The audit activity found that East Gippsland Water’s Drinking Water Quality Risk Management System satisfies the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and associated Regulations. There were no nonconformances identified during the audit. However some opportunities for improvement were noted. A summary of the actions identified during the 2014 audit, alongside their current status, is outlined in the table below.

Table 7.1 Summary of the opportunities for improvement identified during the 2014 audit

Opportunity for Improvement Status

Consider the inclusion of more detailed commentary for justification of a Addressed change in the consequence rating in the water quality risk management plans.

Responsibilities of the Depot Team Leaders to be clearly stated in Table 1 of Addressed the Water Quality Risk Management Plan.

Consider the need of an additional column in the routine calibration Addressed checksheet for final calibration verification check (pH, chlorine, fluoride). Review standard error for instrument calibration (pH, chlorine and fluoride) to determine appropriate trigger limits for recalibration.

Develop a standardised jar testing results sheet and ensure testing is Addressed performed at an appropriate frequency for each water treatment plant.

Develop a more detailed filter inspection checksheet to guide annual filter Addressed inspections at water treatment plants; include observation of backwash on the routine check sheet at water treatment plants at an appropriate frequency.

Page 40 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

777 Undertakings under Section 30 of the Act

Section 30 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 allows for the Secretary of the Department of Health & Human Services to accept a written undertaking from a water supplier that certain actions will be performed in the event that they are, or are likely to be, in contravention of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 or its associated regulations. No undertakings were in place with the Department of Health and Human Services during the 2014/2015 period.

888 Regulated WWWaterWater

We have no declared Regulated Water supplies as defined in Section 6 (2) of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 . We have a number of customers who are supplied nonpotable water by agreement. We remind those customers that their water is nonpotable on their quarterly invoice.

999 Further Information

This Water Quality Annual Report is prepared in accordance with Section 26 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 . For further information regarding water quality information, please refer to the East Gippsland Water website (www.egwater.vic.gov.au), or contact East Gippsland Water on 1300 720 700.

Page 41 East Gippsland Water: Water Quality Annual Report 2014/2015

101010 Glossary of terms

CWS Clear water storage DWQMS Drinking Water Quality Management System HU Hazen units ISES Integrated standards enforcement system kL Kilolitres (1,000 litres) L/s Litres per second mg/L Milligrams per litre ML Megalitre (1,000,000 litres) n/a Not applicable NTU Nephelometric turbidity units PAC Polyaluminium chlorohydrate RMP Risk management plan SOP Standard operating procedure WTP Water treatment plant

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