Social- Environmental Impact Study Report 300 MW

Social- Environmental Impact Study Report

300 MW Wind Power Project Dangri, Jaisalmer District Rajasthan

Inox Renewable Limited (IRL)

April 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE CONTENT NO NO.

I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

II INTRODUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND EQUATOR PRINCIPLE III GOVERNING PROJECT

IV PROJECT DESCRIPTION

V BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

VI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

VII ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

VIII PUBLIC CONSULTATION, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REVISION STATUS SHEET

REVISION MONTH AND YEAR OF ISSUE DETAILS OF REVISION NO.

1 March 2012 Draft report for review and comments

2 April 2012 Final report after incorporating comments

iii

CHAPTER I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There has been an enormous increase in global demand for energy in recent years as a result of industrial development, population growth and enhanced lifestyles. Supply of energy is, therefore, far less than its actual demand. On the other hand, rise in the global average temperature has become a major concern, which needs immediate attention. One of the solutions for improving these situations with minimal impact lies in utilizing the available potential of renewable source of energy. In this regard wind energy has emerged as one of the promising renewable energy technologies in India. It is found that State of Rajasthan witnesses high intensity winds and based on the assessment made by the Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), the estimated wind power potential in the state is estimated to be 5050 MW (source: As per revised estimate by CWET as on December 2011). Considering the enormous potential in Rajasthan, Inox Renewable Limited (IRL) proposes to set up 300 MW wind energy project near Dangri village in Jaisalmer District of Rajasthan. The proposed wind farm consists of 150 numbers of wind turbine generators (WTGs) with rated capacity of 2 MW each. The proposed wind turbine sites are located approximately between 26°29'1.63"N & 26°38'38.59"N latitude and 71°18'25.60"E & 71°31'4.87"E longitude. The project will be developed in the vicinity of Dangri, Rajgarh, Mehreri, Chhodiya, Laxmansar, Ramsar, Bhasana and Bahla Basti villages. The power generated will be evacuated to Akal GSS (which is operated and maintained by RVPNL) from pooling Substation of the proposed wind farm. This project does not fall in any of the eight categories of the projects for which prior environment clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) is required as per Notification SO. 1533 dated 14th Sept‟06 and its subsequent revisions. The present SEIA study is carried out considering International Finance Corporation‟s (IFC) Performance Standards (PS‟s) and IFC guidelines. IFC applies PS‟s to manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to enhance development opportunities in its private sector financing in its member countries eligible for financing. An investment funded by IFC has to meet the following PS‟s throughout the construction and operation phases of the project. The Performance Standards consist of the following: Performance Standard 1 (PS1): Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Performance Standard 2 (PS 2): Labor and Working Conditions Performance Standard 3 (PS 3): Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention Performance Standard 4 (PS 4): Community Health, Safety, and Security Performance Standard 5 (PS 5): Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

Performance Standard 6 (PS 6): Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources Performance Standard 7 (PS 7): Indigenous Peoples Performance Standard 8 (PS 8): Cultural Heritage The proposed Wind project is developed on Government revenue land. No acquisition of land from Private land owners is involved. However, in order to assess impacts on the community due to project related land acquisition and restrictions on land use, PS5 is included for the project. There are no indigenous groups or individuals present in the proposed project Site. There are no significant cultural heritage assets in the proposed project area. Hence PS7 and PS8 are excluded for this specific Project. During the due course of construction and operation phase, Performance standards PS 1, PS2, PS 3 and PS 4 are applicable for this specific project. Therefore the Performance standards applicable for the proposed wind farm project are PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, PS5 and PS6. There are no airports, air-force stations and other installations within zone of 10 km from the nearest WTG. The Land required for the proposed WTGs, Right of Way and Electrical substation will be developed on the Government Revenue Land. The proposed project does not involve any physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) or economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood). The project area represents the characteristics that of degraded vegetation and dry and semiarid landscape. The project area does not have any threatened, endangered or conservation concerned faunal species. The area does not make part of any significant breeding, roosting or feeding habitats of important and endangered species. Moreover, the project area does not fall in vicinity of any important wildlife hotspot in the region. The project site does not fall in the eco-sensitive/fragile zone identified by the State/Central Government agencies. The area does not fall in any of the critical wildlife habitats identified by any agencies till date. Hence impact on ecology is not anticipated. Public consultation was undertaken to give opportunity to the affected people to express their views. The outcome of the consultation was positive. The expectation level with regard to community and individual benefits from the proposed project included consistent power supply as there is frequent shutdown of power, employment opportunities, improvement of roads and economic development. During site reconnaissance survey, few of the settlements were observed near the proposed WTGs. However, this settlers are at least 300 m away from the respective WTGs, It is recommended to IRL to consider alternate feasible sites as out of 185 WTGs, 35 nos are buffer locations for WTG locations which are located close to such settlement, in order to ensure that there will be no hardships due to community health and safety issues during the due course of implementation and long run of the project.

As Corporate Social Activities it is recommended to IRL to support the activities such as development and improvement of the educational and medical facilities in the area. Insignificant impacts are expected on environmental quality of the surrounding area. The proposed project will lead to employment generation, which will have a positive impact on the socio economic environment. To the extent feasible, preference will be given to local population for employment opportunities especially for unskilled activities. Proposed EMP will help in mitigating the residual, social and environmental impacts. Considering IFC principles, impacts have been assessed for relevant social and environmental parameters. The negative impact were found to be insignificant in most of the cases, while positive impacts are expected to be more pronounced on surrounding environment and villages. Based on the above, it may be concluded that proposed project is eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable in the long run. Proposed wind farm will not only help in reducing the CO2 responsible for global warming but other gases and particulate emissions also, which otherwise would be generated using conventional fossil fuel based power plants. Besides the implementation of project will conserve, equivalent amount of fossil fuels and water as a natural resource.

CHAPTER II

INTRODUCTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION India witnesses high intensity winds in various regions due to the topographical diversity in India. Rajasthan is one the State which is blessed with high wind energy potential. Efforts have been made to utilize this natural source of energy available free of cost for wind power generation. Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) has recently declared estimated wind power potential at height of 80 m (above ground level) in India as 1,02,788 MW. The gross wind potential in the state of Rajasthan is estimated as 5050 MW (source: As per revised estimate by CWET dated December 2011). As on 30 July, 2011 Wind installed capacity in the State of Rajasthan is 1643 MW.

2.2 PROJECT PROPONENT Inox Renewable Limited (IRL) is part of Gujarat Fluro chemicals limited (GFL) is the promoter of the proposed wind power project. Currently GFL has installed capacity of ~120 MW in wind energy sector. By the end of March 2012 it is expected increase to 230 MW where the wind farms will be spread across in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Present Proposal: IRL proposes to set up a 300 MW wind farm near Dangri Village, Jaisalmer District, Rajasthan State. The wind farm consists of 150 WTGs each of of IWL wind turbine with rated capacity of 2000 kW each.

2.3 THE PROJECT SITE The proposed project site is located near Dangri village approximately 50 km South East of Jaisalmer City of Rajasthan State. The proposed project site is connected by road through National Highway NH -15. The nearest railway station is Jaisalmer Railway station and nearest operational airport to Jaisalmer is Jodhpur Airport. Figure II.1 indicates the location of the proposed project site with reference to India. The proposed site is located between 26°29'1.63"N & 26°38'38.59"N latitude and 71°18'25.60"E & 71°31'4.87"E longitude. The WTGs are proposed to be located in the villages of Dangri, Rajgarh, Mehreri, chhodiya, Laxmansar, Ramsar, Bhasana and Bahla Basti.

2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT Wind energy projects are generally considered as green projects with insignificant impact on the environment, which are reversible in nature and can be minimized by proper Environmental management plan. As per MoEF EIA notification S.O.1533 dated 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendments, setting up of wind power project does not require prior environmental clearance from MoEF or State Department of Environment.

Wind energy is clean, zero emission and eco-friendly source of energy. This will reduce the emission of CO2, the major greenhouse gas and other emissions like SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5. The proposed project will not generate any solid or liquid effluents and thereby the chances of land pollution or pollution of surface or ground water resources are insignificant. There are no forest land acquisition involved and thereby no disturbance to wildlife habitat, flora and fauna. As there are no National parks, Sanctuaries, Wetlands or any other ecologically sensitive areas in the vicinity of the project site or for that matter, bird nesting /breeding places in the vicinity of the site and hence the project is not expected to have any negative impact in so far as any of the foregoing aspects are considered. The wind turbines pertaining to the project are predominantly being developed on revenue land. There is no physical or economic displacement anticipated in the proposed project. Hence, there is no rehabilitation & resettlement or loss of livelihood issues involved. Jaisalmer airport and Air force station are situated more than 50 Km towards North West of the proposed wind farm site. No Air base installations, radar stations or airports are located within 10 km of the project site and hence impact on air safety is not envisaged. The International Financial Corporation (IFC) is institution that have developed the “Performance Standards” in order to ensure that the project being financed by them are developed in a manner that is socially responsible and reflect sound environmental management practices. In India, wind power projects are categorized as green projects and categorized as having low impact. Similarly, as per EPFIs categorization, the proposed wind project falls under category B which has very limited to minimal social or environmental impacts, specific to site, largely reversible and can readily controlled through mitigation measures. The above points, justify the setting-up of the project from environment impact perspective.

Figure II.1 Location Map Showing the Project site

Proposed Dangri Wind Farm Site

2.5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

a) Identify the social and environmental impacts due to the construction and operational phase of the wind project.

b) Review the regulatory framework that is relevant for the project including identifying the key environment and social legislations that get triggered by the project and their requirements.

c) Identify the significant social and environmental parameters & assess the baseline status of air, water, noise, soil, land, ecology, cultural heritage and socioeconomic aspects.

d) Socioeconomic assessment in compliance of Equator Principles

e) Social and environmental categorization of the project based on “Equator Principal” in accordance with IFC guidelines.

f) Developing Environmental Management Plan as applicable for the proposed Wind energy project

g) Preparation of Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment Report

CHAPTER III

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND EQUATOR PRINCIPLE

GOVERNING PROJECT

3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK This section outlines the regulatory system for prevention and control of environmental pollution and the pollution control standards applicable in India. In 1980, Government of India constituted Department of Environment for coordinating programmes related to environment. Subsequently in 1985, full- fledged Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) was constituted which is the apex administrative body in the country for regulating and ensuring environmental protection. The key responsibilities of the MoEF are as under: a) Environmental, Policy planning b) Ensure effective implementation of legislation c) Pollution Monitoring and Control d) Survey and Conservation of Natural Resources e) Eco Development and Biosphere Reserve Programme f) Management of Forests and Conservation and Wildlife g) Environment Clearance for Industrial and Development Projects h) Environmental Education, Awareness and Information i) Co-ordination with concerned agencies at National and International Levels India‟s environmental regulatory framework is based on a system of shared central government/state pollution control administration. Central Pollution control board (CPCB) plays an advisory role to the Government and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) in matters relating to the implementation and enforcement of the Air, Water and Environmental Acts. In this sense, the CPCB through various SPCBs is responsible for the enforcement and implementation of pollution control legislation and discharge standards. In addition, the EIA review committee formed by the EIA division consists of a representative from the CPCB. The SPCB is responsible for issuing consent to operate to all proposed industries within the state. This is as per the requirements of the Water Act and Air Rules. This consent identifies the pollutant discharge standards applicable to the proposed industry. The MoEF/State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority is responsible for issuing environmental clearances for the certain categories of projects as mentioned in MoEF notification SO1533 dated 14th Sept 06 and its subsequent amendments till date. Wind energy projects are not listed in any category of the MoEF notification SO 1533. So for this wind energy project, environmental clearance is not required.

3.1.1 THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986 The Environment (Protection) Act is an umbrella act designed to provide a framework for the coordination of central and state authorities established under Water and Air Act. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is established by the GOI to fulfill its commitment to protect and improve the human environment. It is applicable to the entire country. From time to time the central government issues notifications under the EPA Act 1986 for the protection of ecologically-sensitive areas or issues guidelines for matters under the EPA. It empowers the Central Government to take necessary measures for the purpose of protecting and improving environmental quality and preventing, controlling and abating environmental pollution. An important power of the Central Government includes laying down standards for environmental quality and emission/ discharge of environmental pollution from various sources. This power defines procedures and establishes safeguards for handling of hazardous substances, and establishes rules to regulate environmental pollution.

3.1.2 FOREST (CONSERVATION) RULES, 2003 These rules came into existence on 10th January 2003. Rules framed to carry out the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. As per these rules, every user agency, who wants to use any forest land for non-forest purposes shall make his proposal in the appropriate Form appended to these rules, i.e. Form „A‟ for proposals seeking first time approval under the Act and Form „B‟ for proposals seeking renewal of leases where approval of the Central Government under the Act. FC Rules, 2003 prescribe specific time limits for processing the cases related with forest clearance. However proposed land for the wind energy project is not falling under any reserved forest.

3.1.3 EIA NOTIFICATION S.O 1533, DATED 14.09.2006 MoEF has stipulated new Environment Impact Assessment Notification of 14th September 2006 (EIA 2006) replacing the EIA Notification of 27th January 1994 and its various amendments. EIA notification 2006 has further undergone revisions in the year 2009 and 2011 with certain amendments. All new projects or activities listed in the Schedule I of EIA notification 2006, Expansion and modernization of existing projects and any change in product - mix in an existing manufacturing shall require prior environmental clearance from the concerned regulatory authority. As per this notification the wind farm projects are not included in any of the categorization listed in Schedule I. Hence, set up of wind power project does not require environmental clearance from MoEF or State Department of Environment and Forest.

3.1.4 THE WATER (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974 (WATER ACT) This Act represented India‟s first attempts to comprehensively deal with environmental issues. The purpose of this act is to prevent and control water pollution and to maintain or restore the quality of water.

In order to achieve its goals this act empowers the CPCB and SPCB and defines their functions. This Act requires industries, local bodies and agencies engaged in any trade to obtain consent from the SPCB for discharge of effluent into water bodies. The SPCBs have the authority to enforce this Act, if any projects discharge effluent in water bodies, land or sea.

3.1.5 THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 The purpose of this act is to prevent, and control air pollution including noise pollution and preserve air quality. In order to achieve its goals this act empowers the CPCB and SPCB and defines their functions. An important function of the CPCB is to establish Environmental standards. This Act requires industries, local bodies and agencies engaged in any trade to obtain consent from the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) for discharge of emissions into air. The SPCBs have the authority to enforce this Act. Separate Noise regulations for DG set of various capacities were introduced in 2002 vide notification of MoEF of 17 May 2002 under the Environmental (Protection) Second Amendment Rules 2002. This required that all DG sets should be provided with exhaust muffler with insertion loss of minimum 25 dB(A). All DG sets manufactured on or after 1 July 2003 have to comply with these regulations. Wind energy projects involve construction activities like excavation, drilling, concreting and access roads, which cause temporary fugitive dust emissions. However, it may be noted that the operation of wind projects do not cause any air, water and/or soil pollution. 3.1.6 WILD LIFE ACT 1972 The Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry has proposed further amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the Act. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna and ecologically important protected areas.

3.2. SOCIAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK While all the environmental clearances are governed by one or the other Act/policy/rule of the central or state government, a majority of social „regulations‟ remain untied to any law and are governed more by social obligations coming under the realm of constitutional provisions of fundamental rights. However, it may also be noted that the laws pertaining to environmental clearances also have many aspects, which primarily affect the human being and their social environment, and hence the consideration for social factors gets included there. Taking the social regulations further, the constitution marks some

mandatory and some prohibitory regulations pertaining to the weaker and vulnerable section of the society (women, children, Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribes/Other Backward Class, tribal population etc.) that basically safeguards their rights to a dignified living, by ensuring the minimums. For this the constitution entrusts various responsibilities on the state government and also delegates powers to the local bodies under the decentralized administration. The decentralization empowers local bodies primarily in rural areas to put across their concerns, raise their voice against injustice, plan and instrument their own development. The government also takes various steps to develop the backward and vulnerable section of the society through various development schemes. To ensure that the benefits of these schemes reach the right target and to make the process transparent government has instituted Right to Information Act (RTI), under which information on any aspect of institutional functioning (records, contracts, plans, budgets, circulars, logbooks etc) can be sought by the general citizen of the country.

3.2.1 LAND REQUIREMENT/ DIVERSION Land acquisition in India is covered by a national law, Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894 and its subsequent amendments. The LAA allows for land acquisition in the national interest to be carried out by the respective states, in accordance with its provisions. The Act lays down procedures for acquisition of land, including notification, payment for damages, hearing of objections, declaration of the intended acquisition, enquiry into measurement, values and claims and award by the competent authority and finally taking possession of the land. The key features include:  Preliminary notification for land proposed for acquisition;  Clearing of objection within 30 days of the notification and the provision for hearing of all objections;  Declaration of intended acquisition award;  Reference to court if award is not accepted and hearing in court;  Apportionment of compensation and dispute settlement regarding the same;  Payment of compensation for land value, trees and structures including 30% solatium and 12% p.a. interest for delayed payment; The wind farm would also require permission and consent from local panchayat, relevant planning authority and private parties for expansion and strengthening of existing village roads. The land required for the proposed project fall under Government Revenue land.

3.2.2 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION The proposed wind farm does not envisage any displacement of people or any particular community. However, for any future reference it must be noted that:  No central law or Act governs resettlement & rehabilitation in India.  The National Policy (2003) is in the process of being amended again in order to address the key issues that came out of the implementation of the

2003 policy. It is more progressive in its approach. The key features of the 2006 policy are: . It includes displacement due to land acquisition; . The minimum number of people being displaced to trigger the policy are 400 in plains, and 200 or more in the hills, tribal areas and DDP blocks; . It is mandatory for the Requiring Body to prepare a Social Impact Assessment (SIA); . SIAs shall go through a clearance process similar to the Environmental Clearance process, and shall be linked to the EIA. Public hearings shall include social impact issues and, where the EC process does not require a Public Hearing, a separate hearing for the SIA shall be held; . Draft resettlement and rehabilitation plans need to be discussed in the gram sabha in rural areas and through public hearings in urban and rural areas without gram sabhas; and . Provision of shares to the affected family as a part of the rehabilitation grant, if the Requiring Body is a corporate organization/company . The Indian Constitution dictates that resettlement and rehabilitation is the responsibility of individual union states.

3.2.3 SCHEDULED TRIBE RELATED POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS

3.2.3.1 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS PROTECTING TRIBES AND EXTENDING SPECIAL STATUS The Constitution of India identifies certain groups/communities as tribal groups and lays out special provisions for such group with the objective of promoting and safeguarding the social, educational and economic interests of the Schedules Tribes. The President is empowered to specify, after consultations with the Governor of a state “tribes or tribal communities” to be listed under the Schedules tribe list. In conjunction with this certain areas have been declared as “Scheduled Areas” in the constitution. Regulations are framed under the Fifth schedule of the Constitution to prevent the exploitation of tribals by non-tribals and alienation of agricultural land of tribals being passed on to non-tribals.

3.2.3.2 THE SCHEDULED TRIBES AND OTHER TRADITIONAL FOREST DWELLERS (RECOGNITION OF FOREST RIGHTS) ACT, 2006 AND FOREST RULES 2007 This recently promulgated act is to recognize and vest forest rights and occupation in forest land in forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (TFD) who have been residing in such forests for generations but whose rights could not be recorded. It also provides a framework for recording forest rights and the nature of evidence required for such recognition and vesting in respect to forest land. The rights included are:  rights to hold and live in forest land under individual or common occupation for habitation or self cultivation for livelihood by STs /other TFD;  community rights such as those of non timber forest produce, grazing, fuel wood etc

 rights of ownership, access to collect, use and dispose of minor forest produce which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries;  other community rights of uses or entitlements such as fish and other products of water bodies, grazing and traditional access to natural resources of nomadic /pastoralist communities;  rights in or over disputed lands;  rights for conversion of Pattas or leases or grants issues by any local authority or any State Government on forest land to titles;  rights of settlement and conversion of all forest villages, old habitation, unsurveyed villages and other villages into revenue villages;  rights to protect, regenerate or conserve or manage any community forest resource;  rights of access to biodiversity and community rights to intellectual property and traditional knowledge;  any other traditional rights customarily enjoyed by STs /TFDs other than hunting of wild animals and rights to in situ rehabilitation including alternative land in cases where ST and TFDs have been illegally evicted or displaced from forest.

The Gram sabhas and the panchayats have been accorded with powers to decide upon matters of traditional and customary rights under the forest rules and institutional mechanisms have been put in place at the district, state and central level to decide upon community/ individual rights and ownerships.

There is no physical or economic displacement of any schedule tribe community involved due to proposed project.

3.2.4 LABOUR LAWS

The construction and full-fledged operation of the proposed wind farm will involve short term/long term contractual hiring of unskilled, semiskilled and skilled labourers and some technical staff. This will trigger the legislations governing the labour laws, wages and compensation, working condition and worker welfare etc. Some of the key legislations and regulations that govern labour issues in India are;  The Payment of Wages Act, 1936  The Minimum Wages Act, 1948  The Factories Act, 1948  Workmen's Compensation Act  The Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970  The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

3.3 IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2011

IFC strives for positive development outcomes in the activities it supports in developing countries. These activities includes I. investment financed directly by IFC

II. investments implemented through financial intermideiries (FIs) or managed by IFC‟s Asset Management Company or any other IFC subsidiary, as well as investments funded in part or in whole by donors; and III. advisory services.

IFC believes that an important component of achieving positive development outcomes is the environmental and social sustainability of these activities, which IFC pursues and expects to achieve through the application of this Policy on Environmental and Social Sustainability (the Sustainability Policy or the Policy), and a comprehensive set of environmental and social Performance Standards.

The Performance Standards consist of the following: i. Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts ii. Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions iii. Performance Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention iv. Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety, and v. Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement vi. Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources vii. Performance Standard 7: Indigenous Peoples viii. Performance Standard 8: Cultural Heritage

By doing so, negative impacts of the project, if any, on affected ecosystems and local communities is avoided wherever possible, and if these impacts are unavoidable, they may reduced, mitigated and/or compensated as appropriate.

CHAPTER IV

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 INTRODUCTION IRL proposes to set up a 300 MW wind farm near Dangri Village of Jaisalmer District, Rajasthan State. The wind farm is being developed by Inox Wind limited (IWL). The proposed project consists of 185 nos. (Which included 35 number of buffer locations) of IWL wind turbine with rated capacity of 2.0 MW each.

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

The proposed wind energy development comprised the construction and operation of 185 wind turbines, mounted at an operating (hub) height of 80m together with associated infrastructure, including foundations, access roads, connection cables, substations (including control room), transmission line and temporary storage yard. Arial view of approximate site boundary is shown in the Figure II..

A study area of approximately 20 km2 is being considered as a larger study area for the construction of the proposed wind energy facility, and would include:  Up to 185 wind turbine unit (which includes 35 unit of buffer)  Concrete foundations (approximately 15m x 15m x 2m) to support the turbine towers  Underground electrical distribution cabling between turbines  One substation on the site to receive generated power (approximate size 50m x 50m)  Power lines from WTGs to 220 KV pooling substation (Approximate length per turbine is 1 km)  An access road to the site from the main road/s within the area  Internal access road to each wind turbine to link the turbines on site (approximately 3-6 m in width); and  A Storage yard for storage and maintenance.

4.3 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROJECT

4.3.1 LAND The proposed wind farm project will be developed in the Dangri, Rajgarh, Mehreri, chhodiya, Laxmansar, Ramsar, Bhasana and Bahla Basti. The project will be developed over revenue land. IRL is in possession of 32 locations (64 MW) where project development activity is going on and other 118 locations to complete 300 MW are identified and are currently under acquisition. The identified wind turbine sites are not used for grazing, farming or planting, nor there exist settlements. Further afield it is found that there are few settlements, residents practicing farming and livestock rearing. But Except two or three WTGs locations, rests all the WTGS are located beyond 300 m distance. In addition to above, the identified settlements are not coming under land to be acquired for this project. So resettlement and rehabilitation is not expected in this project.

Figure II.1: Aerial View showing the approximate boundary of the project site

The identified geographic co-ordinate location of 185 Wind Turbines which includes 35 buffer locations is listed in Appendix -1.

4.3.2 EQUIPMENT/ PROJECT COST The estimated project cost is approximately for the proposed wind farm project is USD 360 million.

4.3.3 PROJECT TECHNOLOGY

4.2.3.1 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) The technical specifications of the E-53 800 kW are as follows: Rated power: 2000kW Cut- in wind speed: 3 m/s Rated wind speed: 11.5 m/s Cut-out wind speed: 20 m/s Survival Wind speed: 52.5 m/s Hub Height: 80 m Rotor Speed: 15.9 RPM Blade material: Epoxy Glass fibre

4.2.3.2 Technology

Rotor Blades: IWL WT 2000 DF consists of a three bladed upwind rotor of 93 m diameter. Its rotational speed is controlled by blade pitch control. Pitch control helps in lowering the peak loads during high windy conditions.

Asynchronous Generator: The wind turbines are equipped with a double fed induction generator.

Drive System: The patented integral drive train incorporates the rotor shaft and gearbox as a single unit. The gear box has forced lubrication system.

Active pitch: WT 2000 DF active pitch is driven by three separate pitch drives for each of the rotor blades. Active pitch system is used to change the blade angle so that the angle of attack changes and the aerodynamic efficiency is altered depending on the speed of wind. In the event of a fault, the pitch motor is powered by and ultra capacitor system and can therefore still control the pitch and bring the WTG to safety.

Safety system:

Some of the Safety system designed for the WTGs includes

 Aerodynamic braking using pitch system to protect the WTG from adverse wind forces

 A mechanical disc brake is mounted on the high speed shaft of the gear box and hydraulically operated using intelligent braking system which controls the braking sequence.

 The rotor lock drive at the input shaft enables the drive train to be mechanically locked during maintenance.

Control and Communication: The WTG status can be monitored and checked on the display in the nacelle cabinet. Advanced remote and optical communication is used for transmitting the data to central monitoring points.

Figure II.2 View of IWL WT 2000 DF Wind turbine Generator

4.3.4 POWER EVACUATION The planned capacity of the proposed project is 300 MW from 150 number of IWL WTG with rated capacity of 2000 kW each. Power Generated from Dangri will be evacuated from Akal GSS operated & maintained by RVPNL. Akal GSS is around 47 KM far from pooling Substation built at site. Company has already received NOC from RVPNL for power evacuation. Site pooling Substation is expected to be commissioned by March 2012. Detailed power evacuation is shown in Figure II.3.

Figure II.3

4.4 DETAILED PROJECT ACTIVITIES

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE Construction and commissioning of the proposed wind energy development project will take 12-15 months depending on weather and ground conditions encountered. An indicative construction programme is shown below: i. Undertake site investigations to determine foundations conditions; ii. Carry out road improvements along the agreed off-site access route to the site as required; iii. Make improvements to access route entrance; iv. Prepare and establish temporary construction compound; v. Construct access road, crane hard standings, field gates and temporary fencing; vi. Excavate and construct the turbine foundations; vii. Excavate cable trenches and lay the power and control cabling; viii. Construct the substation and grid connection; ix. Erect the turbines; x. Commissioning the turbines; and

xi. Carry out land reinstatement, remove temporary accommodation, reinstate temporary construction compound and crane hard standings and clear the site. During the construction works there will be a varied man power (skilled and unskilled) of between 50-60 people on site at any one time. In the category of unskilled man power 40 to 50% will be outsourced from local contractors or nearby villages where possible. Vehicle movements will vary; involve the use of specialized heavy transport trailer trucks, heavy lifting cranes and required detailed traffic management plan. However, the following is an indication of the material that will be used and the types/numbers of vehicles likely to be required:  Each turbine would be delivered on approximately nine vehicles comprising the blades (3 vehicles), the hub (1 vehicle), the nacelle (1 vehicle), the tower (3 vehicles for 3 steel tower sections) and electrical & other accessories (1 Vehicle).  Each turbine foundation would comprise approximately 400-450 m3 of concrete, necessitating between 60 to 70 deliveries form batch plant to individual WTGs. (based on 6 m3 batches of concrete). Up to 250-300 m3 of concrete will be required for the substation foundation, necessitating a further 40 to 50 concrete deliveries.  The reinforcing for each foundation would comprise approximately 90- 100 tonnes of steel bar which would be delivered on 4-5 vehicles (based on 20 tonne loads).  All stone for access roads is likely to be produced on-site from foundation excavation and borrow pits avoiding significant numbers of vehicles movement on public highway.  The erection of each turbine and tower will require maximum two mobile cranes even if the activity will be carried out as a continuous operation.  The electrical equipment associated with each turbine comprise cabling, controllers and transformer delivered separately particularly one vehicle per turbine.  Construction plants such as excavators, bulldozers etc would be transported to and from site on low loaders.  Additional traffic is required for the delivery of tools, temporary site huts, substation equipment, fencing, geotextiles etc. In total additional site traffic would require no more than 100 vehicles per month whose movements would be spread throughout the construction period.  Up to 5-10 vans/cars would be on site at any one time being used by site personnel.

4.4.2 OPERATION PHASE As the proposed wind farm project will be developed over government revenue land on lease, IWL would have rights for aceess etc, in order to carry out post construction monitoring and maintenance works. Permanenet fencing of the

complete development, individual turbines, access roads etc would not be required. A wind energy development operates without the need for round the clock on- site supervision. However, during the normal working week a team of 8-10 site technicians, travelling by van, will nearly always be on-site to carry out preventive and corrective maintenance works. Most preventive and corrective mantenance work would not normally involve the use of any large machinery or specialist vehicles. However, in some circumstances, cranes and other specialist may need to visit the site when, for example, large turbine comonents need to be repaired or replaced.

4.4.3 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE Generally, The lifecycle of the wind power project is expected from 20-25 years and may be longer. At the end of the lifecycle, further advances in technology may justify the replacement of critical components to modernize or decommissioned. De-commissioning of the wind farm would require de-installation and removal of all physical components and machinery from the site. The access roads would remain, if the landowners so desired. The gathering-up lines, sub-station and control building would be removed. Concrete turbine pads and building foundations will be removed to a reasonalbe depth and re-claimed, unless the landowner wished to use them as they are. The equipement used for the de- construction would be essentially the same as for the construction e.g. heavy lifting and transport equipment, earth moving equipment etc.

4.5 CDM ARRANGMENT The Kyoto Protocol to mitigate climate change has resulted in creating an International carbon market which has grown strongly over the years. India, as an Annexure 2 signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, is entitled to benefit from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This project may be eligible to achieve accreditation and receive Carbon Emission Reduction Certifications (CERs). The project is expected to satisfy the additionality requirement, which may qualify as an eligible project for CDM purposes. However, this additionality is required to be proven through an appropriate study and validated by designated validators. Once additionally of the project is proven the same may receive approval from CDM authority for registration with UNFCC and issuing CERs.

CHAPTER V

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

5.1. INTRODUCTION In order to predict anticipated impacts due to proposed wind energy project during construction and operational phase, it is necessary to obtain baseline information of the environment as it exists, which would serve as a datum. The interaction of baseline environment and the anticipated impacts are the basis for developing the environmental management plan relating to the activities of the proposed project.

5.2. BASELINE DATA The baseline environmental and social quality status was assessed during March 2012 through field studies within the study area. A study area of approximately 20 km2 is being considered as a larger study area for the construction of the proposed wind energy facility. Due to the larger study area, study area covers the Dangri, Rajgarh, Mehreri, chhodiya, Laxmansar, Ramsar, Bhasana and Bahla Basti villages. A general reconnaissance survey of the study area was done before the selection of sites for environmental monitoring. Monitoring sites were considered based on the aspects such as accessibility to the sampling sites, topography and terrain of the study area, major habitation, population, historically important places and location of sensitive areas. Some of the recently generated data from secondary sources were also collected and used as baseline information. The baseline status of environmental quality represents the background environmental conditions of various environmental components such as meteorology, air, noise, soil, water, biological and socioeconomic status of the study area during study period. The baseline status serves as a basis for identification and prediction of the impact. Satellite view of the project site is shown in Figure V.1.

5.3. REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY Jaisalmer is situated amid Thar Desert and experience less rainfall (though western disturbance during the monsoon. Jaisalmer have extreme temperature range. It has very low temperature at night and typical of arid desert climate. The air contains little moisture & therefore holds little heat. As soon as the sun sets the area cools quickly, cloudless skies increase the release of heat at night. The month of May is the hottest with a mean daily maximum temperature of 41.5oC and a mean daily minimum temperature of 25.2 oC. January is the coldest month of the year with a mean daily maximum temperature of 23.6 oC and a mean daily minimum temperature of 7.1 oC. The nearest meteorological station is in Jaisalmer, which is approximately 50 km away from the nearest WTG location. Yearly wind-rose diagram based on long term climatologically table by IMD is shown in Figure V.2 The summary of the micro-meteorology of the region is given below in Table V.1.

Table V.1. Summary of the Annual Micrometeorology of the Region

S. Parameter Annual No.

1 Temperature Max. 33.9 ˚C

2 Temperature Min. 18.6 ˚C

3 Relative Humidity 60%

4 Annual Rainfall 200.1 mm

5 Annually wind speed 12.6 kmph

Source: IMD Climatalogical Table (1950 -1980), GOI

5.4. SITE CLIMATOLOGY Meteorological station was established at the proposed project site near Dangri village, Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan in March 2012 to record various meteorological parameters. Meteorological data was recorded on a hourly basis to understand wind pattern, temperature variation and relative humidity. Percentage frequencies of wind in 8 directions have been computed from the recorded data and windrose was plotted for a study period from19th March to 26th March 2012. The windrose diagram is given in Figure V.3

5.4.1 WIND PATTERN DURING STUDY PERIOD The predominant wind directions during the study period was from the South to North accounting to about 18% of the total time with calm wind less than 2.0 m/sec. The Figure V.3 represents the wind pattern of the study area based on the data collected from 19th March to 26th March 2012. Maximum and minimum wind speeds, recorded during the study period were 7.78 m/sec and 1.61 m/sec respectively. The nearest metrological station is in Jaisalmer which is nearly 65 km away from the site. Yearly wind rose diagram based on long term climatologically table by IMD is shown in Figure V.2 and a site specific wind rose is illustrated in Figure V.3.

Figure V.1 Satellite view of the Project Site

Figure V.2 Yearly (20 years) Wind Rose Diagram for Jaisalmer IMD Station

Figure V.3 Wind Rose Diagram of Project Site for March 2012

5.4.2 HOURLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE VARIATION DURING STUDY PERIOD The recorded data during the study indicates that temperature at site varies between maximum of 40.2°C and a minimum of 24.5°C. Hourly temperature variation at project site is shown in Figure V.4. Figure V.4 Hourly Temperature Variation at Project Site

45 40 35 30 25 Average 20 Minimum 15 Maximum 10 5 0

5.4.3 HOURLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY DURING STUDY PERIOD Recorded data during the study indicates that the relative humidity at site varies between a maximum of 54.5% and a minimum of 10.2%. Hourly RH variations during study period at the project site are shown in Figure V.5. Figure V.5 Hourly Humidity Variation at Project Site

30 Average Minimum 20 Maximum 10

There was no rainfall recorded during the study period. Summary of meteorological data collected from project site is shown in Table V.2. Table V.2 Summary of Meteorological Data at the Project Site Sr. Parameter Max. Value Average Min. Value No. Courtesy Google 1 Wind speed, m/sec 7.78 1.61 0 2 Temperature, C 40.2 31.91 24.5 Relative Humidity, 3 54.5 28.2 10.2 %

5.5. AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT Reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out for selection of sampling locations for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AAQMS). Sampling sites for ambient air, noise, soil and water quality monitoring stations was finalized based on reconnaissance survey of the study area. The existing Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) status has been monitored at four locations for SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO. Pre-calibrated high volume respirable dust samplers have been used for monitoring of the existing AAQ status. The selection of monitoring location, analysis and methodology used for the monitoring was based on the procedures recommended by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) issued by CPCB / MoEF.

Ambient air quality was monitored at four representative locations. Results of the Ambient air quality for the period of 19th March 2012 to 25th March 2012 are given in Appendix-1. Summary of the ambient air quality data is shown in Table V.3.

Table V.3. Summary of Ambient Air Quality Data

3 Date of Ground Level Concentration (µg/m ) Location sampling PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO Minimum 97 50 4.5 23.4 BDL Dangri Maximum 115 63 5.8 28.1 BDL Minimum 122 67 5.6 26.8 BDL Fategar Maximum 134 71 6.1 30.2 BDL Minimum 80 42 4.0 20.5 BDL Lakhmona Maximum 96 54 4.2 23.6 BDL Minimum 64 37 4.0 21.4 BDL Lakhmanser Maximum 94 53 4.0 23.6 BDL The analysis results shows that all the parameters are well within the NAAQ standards for residential and rural areas. Out of the four villages, the highest values for PM10 and PM2.5 are reported in Fategar village. The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) prescribed by Central Pollution Control Borad (CPCB) is given in Appendix - 2.

5.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT In order to assess the noise levels, monitoring was carried out at four different locations. Sound levels were recorded for 24 hours for the duration of fifteen minutes at hourly intervals using precision noise level meter (LUTRON, Model SL 4001). Noise levels recorded during the study period is given in Appendix-3. Data recorded at each station were computed for equivalent noise levels for day- equivalent and night-equivalent as shown in Table V.4.

Table V.4. Equivalent Noise Levels (LEQ) of the Study Area Code of dB(A) Noise S.No Day- Night- Day- Night Monitoring Location Station Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent 1 N 1 Dangri 46.2 37.8 46.2

2 N 2 Fategarh 46.8 39.0 46.8

3 N 3 Lakhmona 45.5 38.3 45.5

4 N 4 Lakhmanser 47.6 40.6 47.6

The monitored noise levels at all locations are found to be within the prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in respect of noise. The NAAQS and IFC guidelines in respect of noise is given in Appendix 4 & 5 respectively.

5.7. WATER ENVIRONMENT Five ground water samples were collected for assessment of the physico- chemical and bacteriological characteristics. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis were according to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) /American Public Health Association (APHA) methods.

5.8. Table V.5. Ground Water Quality of the Study Area pH 6.78- 7.86 Alkalinity (mg/l) 247.52-714 Chlorides (mg/l) 270-1359.58 Total dissolved solids (mg/l) 940-3020 Fluoride (mg/l) <0.1 Hardness (mg/l) 198-986.04 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 30-500 Iron (mg/l) 0.1-0.83 Other Heavy metal (mg/l) <0.5 Ground water quality has shown compliance to the parameters with the Drinking Water Standard of IS: 10500.

5.9. LAND USE PATTERN OF STUDY AREA Landuse utilization pattern in study area i.e. surrounding villages as mentioned erlier is shown in Table V.5. Table V.5 Landuse Pattern of the study area Sr.No. Land Class Area (ha) 1 Total Irrigated Area 16 2 Unirrigated Area 6821.07 3 Forest 67 Culturable waste (including 4 gauchar and groves) 9158.72 Area not available for 5 cultivation 2148 Total Land 18210.31 Source: Census data 2001 The statistical figures indicate 50 % of the area is culturable waste land, 12% of land is not available for cultivation and nearly 38% of land is unirrigated area. Forest land and Irrigated area is found to be very less in this region. The percentage wise break up of landuse pattern is given in Figure V.6.

Figure V.6 Landuse Pattern of study area

Total Irrigated Area 0%

12% Unirrigated Area 38%

Forest

50% Culturable waste 0% (including gauchar and groves) Area not available for cultivation

Source: Census data 2001

5.10. SOIL QUALITY To assess the existing soil quality of the surrounding area, four representative soil samples were collected from various locations within the surrounding areas of the project site. Standard procedures were followed for sampling and analysis. Samples collected were also analysed for physico-chemical characteristics. Results of the soil quality are given in Appendix-7. Summary of the soil quality data is given in Table V.7.

Table V.7. Summary of the Soil Quality data of the study area

Parameter Minimum Maximum

Sand, % 69.5 94.4

Silt, % 1.4 28.5

Clay, % 2 4.2

Nitrogen, mg/gm 76.83 109.76

Phosphorus, mg/gm <4 7.12

Potassium, mg/gm 70 300

pH (1:2.5 suspension at 270C) 8.47 9.69

5.11. HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PLACES As per Archeological survey of India, and reconnaisance survey conducted, there are no historical places, protected, conserved monuments within 10 km radius of the project site.

5.12. SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT A brief survey of the study area was conducted site reconnaissance survey to address socio-economic conditions. Primary Census Abstract data of 2001 have been used to develop the baseline socio-economic condition of the study area.

As mentioned earlier, there is no settlement on the site identified for wind energy development except few settlements (around 2-3 in number). During site visit and after consultation with this people, it was found out that they staying from last 10- 15 years there for farming and livestock rearing. However, they have also mentioned that normally they have home in nearby villages also and staying for temporary basis only. During site visit and consultation with people, it was also found out that they are counted in demography pattern of villages where they are permanently staying.

A social profile has been developed for the villages of Dangri, Rajgarh, Mehreri, chhodiya, Laxmansar, and Bahla Basti which are located in the vicinity of the proposed wind farm area and hence considered as the project influence area. Total population of the surrounding area of the project site as per Census 2001 is 4982 with a sex ratio of 806 no. of females per 1000 males. Details of the population in each Villages of study area is given in Appendix-9. Summary of the population are given below in Table.V.6.

Table V.6 Summary of the Population for Study Area Number of Households 810 Total population 4982 Male Population 2759 Female Population 2223 0-6 Age Group Persons 1204 Scheduled Caste Persons 417 Scheduled Tribe Persons 560 Source : Census 2001

5.11.1 LITERACY LEVEL AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES As per census data 2001, the overall literacy rate in the study area is found to be 37%. The male literacy rate is found to be higher than the female literacy rate in the study area. Graphical representation of literacy pattern is shown in Figure V.8 below. Details of population and literacy level in the study area are given in Appendix-10

Figure V.7 Literacy Level of the Surrounding Area

Source: Census 2001 data As per census data 2001, all the villages have primary school facility. Most of the villages of study area have middle school facility within 10 km distance except for Chhodiya Village.

5.11.2 AMENITIES All villages in the vicinity of the study area were observed to have drinking water facilities, in the form of wells, tanks, tubewells and hand pumps. All villages are well connected by local roads. Approach road in most of the villages are either by mud roads or by foot paths. Few of the villages also have paved roads facility. Medical facilities are poor in these villages. To avail the medical facilities villagers have to go beyond 10 km distance. One Primary health sub centre is available in Dangri village.

5.11.3 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE Only 45.76 % of the total population come under the working category which include both main workers and marginal workers. Among the Main workers, 57 % of the population are cultivators, 1 % of the population are agricultural laborers, 8 % of population are involved in the household industry and 34 % of population are involved in other activities. Details of occupational structure of the villages within the surrounding of the project area are given in Appendix-11.

Figure V.9 Occupational structure

Majority of the population is involved in the agricultural activities which is major source of income.

5.11.4 LIVESTOCK The livestock population comprises mainly of cattle, sheep, goats, etc. Figure V.10 shows a typical views of the livestock found in the study area. However, non of the identified site locations are used for grazing as this is the barren land and no vegetation has been observed during site visit. Figure V.10 Livestock Population of the Study Area

5.13. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT A reconnaissance survey of the study area was carried out during the study period to establish the existing baseline ecological/ biological condition of the study area. Secondary information about flora and fauna were also collected. 5.12.1 FLORA OF THE STUDY AREA Data were collected on flora within project area boundaries. Identification of plant species was carried out to generate checklist of flora. The collected data was then systematically and scientifically analyzed to produce information on following parameters of flora: 1) species inventory in the project area and 2) species present in different life forms (i.e. grass, herb, shrub, tree). The checklist of the vegetation in the project area are mentioned in Table V.7 Table V.7 Inventory of Flora in the Study area No Species Life Form

1 Citrullus colocynthis Climber 2 Citrullus lanatus Climber 3 Coccinia grandis Climber 4 Cocculus pendulus Climber 5 Cucumis sp. Climber 6 Momordica dioica Climber 7 Mukia maderaspatana Climber 8 Pergularia daemia Climber

1 Aristida funiculata Grass 2 Blepharis sindica Grass 3 Cenchrus biflorus Grass 4 Cenchrus ciliaris Grass 5 Cenchrus prieurii Grass 6 Cenchrus setigerus Grass 7 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Grass 8 Dactyloctenium Scindicum Grass 9 Eleusine compressa Grass 10 Eragrostis ciliaris Grass 11 Lasiurus sindicus Grass 12 Maytenus emarginatus Grass 13 Melanocenchris jaquemontii Grass 14 Oropetium thomaeum Grass 15 Tragus roxburghii Grass 16 Aristida adescensionis Grass

No Species Life Form

17 Sorghum halepense Grass

18 Saccharum spontaneum Grass

1 Aerva javanica Herb

2 Aerva tomentosa Herb 3 Argemone mexicana Herb 4 Boerhavia diffusa Herb 5 Convolvulus microphyllous Herb 6 Crotolaria burhia Herb 7 Echinops echinatus Herb 8 Euphorbia granulata Herb 9 Euphorbia prostrata Herb 10 Farsetia hamiltonii Herb 11 Heliotropium rariflorum Herb 12 Indigofera cordifolia Herb 13 Indigofera linifolia Herb 14 Indigofera linnaei Herb

15 Lycium barbarum Herb 16 Tephrosia purpurea Herb 17 Tephrosia falciformis Herb 18 Tribulus rajasthanensis Herb 19 Tribulus terrestris Herb

1 Anogeissus pendula Shrub 2 Asparagus racemosus Shrub 3 Balanites aegyptiaca Shrub 4 Calligonum polygonoides Shrub 5 Calotropis procera Shrub 6 Capparis decidua Shrub

7 Carissa carandus Shrub

8 Clerodendrum multiflorum Shrub 9 Commiphora wightii Shrub 10 Euphorbia caudicifolia Shrub 11 Leptadenia pyrotechnica Shrub

12 Mimosa hamata Shrub

13 Simmondsia chinensis Shrub

1 Acacia Jacquemontii Tree

2 Acacia leucophloea Tree 3 Acacia senegal Tree

4 Acacia tortilis Tree

No Species Life Form

5 Albizia lebbeck Tree 6 Azadirachta indica Tree

7 Balanites roxburghii Tree 8 Prosopis cineraria Tree 9 Salvadora oleoides Tree 10 Salvadora persica Tree 11 Tecomella undulata Tree

Figure V.11a Vegetation of the Study Area

5.12.2 FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA Data were collected on fauna within project area boundaries. Inventory of Fauna in the study area is given in the Table V.8 Reptiles: A walkthrough study was carried out to identify various reptiles and their presence i.e. lizards, snakes etc. in the study areas. This was mainly prepared through interview survey of the local people. Birds: Birds, occupying higher trophic levels in the ecosystems, respond quickly to the changes in the habitats and therefore serve as one of the best indicators for evaluating the status of the eco-system. Baseline information was collected on the occurrence and distribution of avian species and information on flight directions and passage rates of birds through the project area. Data collected during the field visit and information gathered from the secondary literature was used for generating baseline status of birds for project area. Baseline status of birds in the project area is detailed in the Appendix 12. Mammals: Like birds, mammals are also occupying higher trophic levels in many ecosystems and respond quickly to the changes in their habitats therefore, serve

as best indicators of the ecosystem health. Since the presence of mammalian species is low affecting probability of their sightings, in the study area, it was difficult to estimate their population using line transect method. More importantly, it was difficult to accommodate the sightings of nocturnal and diurnal animals in the study. Therefore, indices of presences and absence using indirect evidences and signs such as footprints, dens, droppings, diggings, scrap marks, etc. is considered in the project area. The sites where likelihood or presence of animals such as shady trees, waterholes, dense and undisturbed bushes etc. were surveyed intensively during the survey in the study area. For faunal inventory, both direct sightings and indirect evidences (like dung, scats, pellets, foot prints, nests, dens etc.) were accounted for. Table V.8 Inventory of fauna in the Study area

Conservation Conserva Status as per S. Name of Species Evidence tion IWPA-1972 No. Type Status as (Schedule I to per IUCN VI) Scientific Name Common Name Mammals Least 1 Herpestes edwardsi Common mongoose Seen Schedule-II Concern Least 2 Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 3 Canis aureus Indian Jackal Foot Prints Schedule-II Concern Least 4 Felis chaus Jungle cat Foot Prints Schedule-II Concern Boselaphus Least 5 tragocamelus Nilgai Seen Schedule-III Concern Least 6 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Seen Schedule-III Concern Rhinopoma Greater Mouse-tailed Least 7 microphyllum Bat Literature Schedule-III Concern Least 8 Rhinopoma hardwickii Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat Literature Schedule-III Concern Least 9 Hemiechinus auritus Long eared Hedgehog Seen Schedule-III Concern Least 10 Gazella bennettii Chinkara Seen Schedule-I Concern Reptiles Least 1 Echis carinatus Saw scaled Viper Interview Schedule-III Concern Least 2 Naja naja Indian Cobra Interview Schedule-II Concern Least 3 Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait Interview Schedule-III Concern Least 4 Eryx johni John Sand Boa Interview Schedule-III Concern Least 5 Eryx conicus Common Sand Boa Interview Schedule-III Concern Least 6 Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake Interview Schedule-II Concern

Conservation Conserva Status as per S. Name of Species Evidence tion IWPA-1972 No. Type Status as (Schedule I to per IUCN VI) Scientific Name Common Name Least 7 Natrix piscator Cheakered Keelback Interview Schedule-II Concern Least 8 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 9 Agama minor Short tailed Agama Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 10 Mubuya carinata Common Skink Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 11 Varanus bengalensis Monitor Lizard Interview Schedule-IV Concern Least 12 Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Interview Schedule-IV Concern Least 13 Uromastyx hardwickii. Spiny-tailed Lizard Interview Schedule-IV Concern Birds Least 1 Accipiter badius Shikra Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 2 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Seen Schedule-IV Concern Common Least 3 Actitis hypoleucos Sandpiper Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 4 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 5 Ammomanes phoenicurus Rufus tailed lark Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 6 Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 7 Anthus similis Long-billed Pipit Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 8 Apus affinis House Swift Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 9 Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 10 Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 11 Athene brama Spotted Owlet Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 12 Bulbulcus ibis Cattle egret Seen Schedule-IV Concern Eurasian Thick- Least 13 Burhinus oedicnemus knee Seen Schedule-IV Concern White-eyed Least 14 Butastur teesa Buzzard Seen Schedule-IV Concern Long-Legged Least 15 Buteo rufinus Buzzard Seen Schedule-IV Concern Greater Short-toed Least 16 Calandrella brachydactyla lark Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 17 Caprimulgus europaeus Eurasian Nightjar Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 18 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Seen Schedule-IV Concern 19 Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Seen Schedule-IV Least

Conservation Conserva Status as per S. Name of Species Evidence tion IWPA-1972 No. Type Status as (Schedule I to per IUCN VI) Scientific Name Common Name Concern Least 20 Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 21 Columba livia Blue rock pigeon Seen Schedule-IV Concern Oriental magpie Least 22 Copsychus saularis robin Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 23 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 24 Coracias garrulus European Roller Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 25 Corax corax subcorax Common Raven Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 26 Corvus splendens House crow Seen Schedule-V Concern Least 27 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo Seen Schedule-IV Concern Ashy Crowned Least 28 Eremopterix griseus) Sparrow Lark Seen Schedule-IV Concern Rufous-tailed Least 29 Erythropygia galactotes Scrub-Robin, Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 30 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 31 Francolinus pondicerianus Grey francolin Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 32 Galerida cristata Crested Lark Seen Schedule-IV Concern White-rumped Least 33 Gyps bengalensis Vulture Seen Schedule-IV Concern Eurasian Griffon Least 34 Gyps fulvus Vulture Seen Schedule-IV Concern White-Breasted Least 35 Halcyon smyrnensis kingfisher Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 36 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli's Eagle Seen Schedule-IV Concern Southern Grey- Least 37 Lanius meridionalis Shrike Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 38 Lanius vittatus Bay-Backed Shrike Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 39 Lonchura malabarica Indian silverbill Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 40 Merops orientalis Green bee eater Seen Schedule-IV Concern Blue-cheeked Bee- Least 41 Merops superciliosus eater Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 42 Mirafra cantillans Singing Bushlark Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 43 Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 44 Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher Seen Schedule-IV Concern 45 Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture Seen Schedule-IV Least

Conservation Conserva Status as per S. Name of Species Evidence tion IWPA-1972 No. Type Status as (Schedule I to per IUCN VI) Scientific Name Common Name Concern Least 46 Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 47 Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear Seen Schedule-IV Concern Oenanthe picata Least 48 opistholeuca Variable Wheatear Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 49 Passer domesticus House sparrow Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 50 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl Seen Schedule-I Concern Chestnut- shouldered Least 51 Petronia xanthocollis Petronia Seen Schedule-IV Concern Grey-breasted Least 52 Prinia hodgsonii Prinia Seen Schedule-IV Concern Chestnut-Bellied Least 53 Pterocles exustus Sandgrouse Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 54 Pycnonotus cafer Red vented bulbul Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 55 Pycnonotus leucotis White-eared Bulbul Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 56 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian robin Seen Schedule-IV Concern Eurasian collared Least 57 Streptopelia decaocto dove Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 58 Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing dove Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 59 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red-collared Dove Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least

60 Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Myna Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 61 Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 62 Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Seen Schedule-IV Concern Common Least 63 Tephrodornis pondicerianus Woodshrike Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 64 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler Seen Schedule-IV Concern Least 65 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Seen Schedule-IV Concern Red wattled Least 66 Vanellus indicus lapwing Seen Schedule-IV Concern

CHAPTER VI

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

6.1. INTRODUCTION The wind power infrastructure principally includes wind turbines, power transmission lines & Substation and the access road needed for construction and maintenance of turbine and transmission lines. As the proposed project is comes under desert area where very minimal rainfall observed. So there is no significant change in the impact seasonally. The wind power projects does not require continuous supply of water. Minor air and water emissions are envisaged and will be limited to construction and maintenance of the wind turbines and transmission lines. In the following sections the likely impacts due to proposed wind power infrastructure are assessed and suggestive mitigations measures are reported.

6.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY

6.2.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE The construction activities for wind energy projects typically includes land clearing for site preparation and access routes; excavation, filling; transportation of supply materials; construction of foundations involving excavations and concrete works; operating cranes for unloading and installation of equipment; and commissioning of new equipment. The nearest receptor are informal settlements (300 m away from the site) at the site other than all the villages are 1 km away from the project site. The major source of air pollution during the construction phase can be due to:  Air borne emissions from the construction heavy machineries and vehicular movements at site.  Air borne emissions during land clearing for site preparation and access routes, cutting and filling of soil and other construction activities  Exhaust emissions from the vehicular movement and other stationery generator sets. These impacts can be minimized by proper maintenance of machinery and vehicles and by limiting the speed of vehicles. Dust emission can be suppressed by taking appropriate measures like sprinkling of water in the haul roads and construction sites. However, the project site is in desert area, sprinkling of water should be avoided as much as possible. Other methods which can be used to reduce dust emissions are:  Minimizing the disturbance of vegetation cover present  Stabilization of as much unpaved operations area as is feasible Since, most of the cables used for power transmission are overhead, only construction of base tower is involved in the transmission line related activities, which may have insignificant impact on the environment.

The vehicular emissions will be depending on the condition of the pavement and type of vehicles used in the construction activities. Moreover this impact due to the movement of vehicles and usage of machineries during the construction phase is of temporary nature and their impact on air quality is insignificant. Suggested EMP during the construction phase will reduce the negative impact on air quality, if any. In the vicinity of the few of the WTG sites informal settlements were observed during site survey. However, these settlements are found beyond 300m distance. During the construction phase, the activities include land clearing, excavation, concrete work, material supply etc due to which fugitive dust will be generated. These activities will occur at each WTG site for period of 2-3 days. Considering this short duration of activities and considering fact that the WTGs are sited beyond 300m distance from the informal settlers, the impact due to fugitive emissions temporal in nature and is not considered significant.

6.2.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE Operational phase of the project will have limited activities, which mostly relates to maintenance of wind turbines. These activities will include exhaust emission from the vehicles used occasionally for maintenance and repair activities at Wind Turbine locations. Frequency of these activities will be very less. All operations will happen 1 km away from the habitation and will not have any impact on immediate surroundings. Therefore, ambient air quality of the surrounding area will not be affected from the proposed project. The major positive impact from this project is the replacement of conventional power resources like fossil fuels by clean and zero emission renewable energy.

Hence, emission of Green House Gasses (GHG) like CO2 generated from other sources of energy is avoided.

6.3. NOISE IMPACT

Noise Receptors in the project area include residential houses and some informal settlers present near the WTG locations. Most of the WTGs are located at a distance of atleast 1 Km from the village houses. Some of the informal settlers are located at a distance of 300m.Typical Noise Sensitive Time period for the residential area is Evening/Night.

6.3.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE The major sources of the noise pollution due to construction activity is from road works, earth moving, concrete batching, levelling, grading, excavating and compacting, movement of trucks for transportation of wind turbine assemblies, construction materials, concrete mixers, asphalt mixing and laying equipment. Noise may be generated from DG sets used for emergency purpose and during the erection of Wind Turbine towers. All these may add to noise levels and impact the surrounding ambient noise quality. However, the construction activities will be limited to day timings (7:00am to 7:00pm). The Daytime Construction Activity Threshold Criteria is as per the table VI.1.

Table VI.1 Daytime Construction Activity Threshold Criteria

Noise Threshold Criteria shall be the greater of Construction these noise levels at the nearest receptor area or Duration Affecting 10 feet from the nearest noise-sensitive building Noise-sensitive Hourly Equivalent Noise Receptors Fixed Leq(h), dBA Level (Leq), dBA1, 2

0 to 3 days 75 Ambient Leq(h) + 3 dB 4 to 7 days 70 Ambient Leq(h) + 3 dB 1 to 2 weeks 65 Ambient Leq(h) + 3 dB 2 to 8 weeks 60 Ambient Leq(h) + 3 dB Longer than 8 weeks 55 Ambient Leq(h) + 3 dB

The Noise produced by the various construction machineries working at the site is tabulated in Table VI.2. Table VI.2 Noise Source Strength of Construction Machineries

S. N. Machine Operation dBA

1. Motor Scraper Cut 84

2. Face Shovel Cut 80

3. Dump Truck Haul 83

4. Compactor Fill 81

5. Dozer Fill 83

6. Excavation by Shovel Cut 87

7. Excavation by Caterpillar Cut 109

Considering the worst case scenario of utilisation of caterpillar for excavation, the Noise calculation will be as follows. NOISE CALCULATIONS Source = 109 dBA at 1.0 m

Noise at a distance of 300 m from WTG

Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 log (r2/r1) Lp2 = 109 - 20 log (300/1) Lp2 = 59.4575 dB

Therefore, the predicted noise at the nearest residential building will be 59.45 dB (noise). Also, the construction activities at a WTG site will be limited for short duration (4-7 days). The predicted noise levels to the nearest receptor is below the threshold limits defined in Table VI.1 Owing to the distance from WTGs, daytime working hours and short duration of construction at a site, the noise impacts during construction phase will be minimal. The noise level will drop down once construction period is over.

6.3.2. OPERATIONAL PHASE The noise generated during operational phase of the project will be due to turbine blades moving across the air, vehicle movement and some periodical maintenance and repair activities carried out at the site. The noise generated due to operating WTGs are generally due to mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise. The Double-Fed Induction Generator Technology used in IRL wind turbine is such that generation of the noise from the nacelle is minimal. At a distance of 1m, a WTG produces approximately 90dB noise. Noise attenuation can be calculated using the following equation.

NOISE CALCULATIONS

Source = 90 dBA at 1.0 m

Noise at a distance of 300 m from WTG

Lp2 = Lp1 - 20 log (r2/r1) Lp2 = 107.2 - 20 log (300/1) Lp2 = 40.45 dB

Therefore, the predicted noise at the nearest residential building will be 40.45 dB (noise). The predicted noise level is below the NAAQ standards. Blade design and controlled rotation in high wind conditions will further reduce aerodynamic noise emanating from the movement of air around the turbine blades and tower.

Typical background sound levels for these areas would be generated by residential, agricultural, and small commercial activities, ambient sound from wind, and vehicle noise from regional roads. This background noise generally increases under such wind conditions and can mask the WTG noise. Hence, the noise impact is expected insignificant on surrounding ambient noise quality or ecology.

6.4. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY

6.4.1. CONSTRUCTION PHASE Potential impacts on water quality may occur during wet seasons due to the erosion of excavated material stored in heaps which may reach to nearby surface water bodies and cause temporary increase in turbidity.

Underground cables are used for the signal transmission line which is used for transmitting data from individual WTG to central monitoring point. Other than this, most of the cables used for the project are overhead type. During site visit no surface water bodies were observed nearby to wind turbine site locations. Hence impact from soil erosion or sedimentation of surface water is minimal. Proper environmental management plan will minimize the residual impacts during the construction phase. Hence, impact of soil contamination on water bodies is expected to be insignificant. Since, the foundation levels are well above the existing ground water levels more than 40 m, the water used in construction does not mix with ground water table. Further this activity does not involve blockage or diversion of ground water flow. During the construction works there will be a varied man power (skilled and unskilled) of between 50-60 people on site at any one time. In the category of unskilled man power 40 to 50% will be outsourced from local contractors or nearby villages where possible. Most of the construction staff members will be from the surrounding villages. Hence the generation of domestic wastewater will be minimal. Temporary arrangement such as septic tanks will be provided for discharge of the wastewater in the wind farm yard area. There will be no direct discharge of wastewater to any receiving water body. No wastewater generation is envisaged during the operation phase. Once the construction phase in completed the excess of excavated soil will be applied on embankment and upper surface of leveled and unpaved area in the adjacent area and slopes will be stabilized. This helps in prevention of soil erosion and thus preventing contamination of water bodies.

6.5. LAND ENVIRONMENT Land disturbance from construction activities such as excavation, leveling, filling, topsoil stockpiling, Installation of tower foundation, etc. are expected during the construction stage of the project which are insignificant, temporary in nature and limited to construction phase only. Around 450-500 m3 of earth material will be excavated per WTGs and the same top soil will be used for the filling in around the WTGs, preparing of access roads etc. A Proper Environmental Management Plan will be followed during construction phase to mitigate the impacts if any. Top soil removed during construction phase will be stored separately will be applied on embankment and upper surface of leveled and unpaved area. The top soil may be utilized for landscape development in adjacent areas. This will help in retaining the spores of grass and shrub species that will germinate at the same place during the monsoon period. This practice will help in reducing the soil erosion while conserving the original plant species along with preservation of precious top soil.

6.6. SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE The minimal quantity of solid waste generated during construction phase may include small concrete materials, bins, unused metals, package materials, scraps, plastic, paper and food materials etc. These kinds of wastes are limited in quantity and generation of the same is temporary in nature. These wastes will

be collected, segregated and disposed of as per the existing municipal solid waste rules. Therefore, soil contamination is not expected due to solid waste generated from construction activities. Solid waste generation during operation phase will be from replacement of mechanical and electrical parts of the WTGs, used oil, electrical cables etc. However, the frequency of maintenance is very less and as & when the requirement arises. All the discarded electrical and mechanical parts have a recycling value so same can be given to local scrap dealer. There may be negligible amount of hazardous materials like lubricants, hydraulic fluids from maintenance of machinery or operating vehicles, empty paint or oil cans, waste batteries, transformers etc. generated during construction. Highly refined, mineral insulating oils are used to cool transformers and provide electrical insulation between live components. They are typically found at electrical substation and maintenance shops. In order to minimize the contamination of soil due to accidental spill or leaks of fuels, the Substation area shall be designed sufficiently with impervious layer at the storage areas and transformer areas. Proper sloping and drainage shall be provided with proper collection or containment structure. The used oils, other hazardous material will be properly collected and disposed of as per the Hazardous waste Management and Handling Rules, 2008. 6.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT An overview of the socio-economic baseline status in the study area is given in chapter 5. The Land required for the proposed WTGs, Right of Way and Electrical substation will be developed on the Government Revenue Land. The proposed project does not involve any physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) or economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood). During site reconnaissance servey, some of the settlements were observed 300m away from proposed wind farm site at 2-3 locations. During interaction with these residents it was understood that they have moved into this land and have set the settlement over there for managing their livestocks and for farming purpose. However, these informal settlers do not use the land identified by IWL for their livelihood or for other uses. Identified locations neither restrict their access routes. Same thing was reflected during the interaction with these residents during site survey.

6.7.1 SECURITY AND SAFETY Vehicular movements in the construction stage would include heavy vehicles like trucks carrying large equipment. In total additional site traffic would require around 100 vehicles per month whose movements would be spread throughout the construction period. These may lead to increased traffic load thus may cause threat to the lives of animals and people using the access roads.

The traffic movement along the village roads should be effectively managed by  Limiting the speed limits of the vehicles;  Trucks carrying heavy machineries shall be mobilized during night time; and  Driver should be well trained and should have valid driving license, in order to ensure safety and security of humans and livestock. Also social and cultural issues (issues of privacy, safety of women) arising from influx of labor (around 50-60 people at a time) during the construction phase should be managed, especially during the construction phase of the project.

6.7.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS

 This project will create employment and other opportunities (e.g. service sector such as catering, cleaning, transport, security etc) for skill development. The proposed wind farm would require manpower during the time of construction phase. Members of the local community are likely to be in the position to qualify for the majority of the low skilled and some of the semi skilled employment opportunities. The other employment opportunities would be linked to service sector such as catering, cleaning, transport and security.

 The project will have a positive impact by developing access roads. This will benefit to local villages for easy transportation. The internal village roads although motorable are not likely to withstand constant heavy vehicle movement and will need repair/ construction. The construction of new roads and strengthening of existing roads will lead to improved access and connectivity to the villages and agricultural fields.

 The major positive impact of the proposed project is development of clean, renewable energy infrastructure for power generation. However, generated power will be given to state government and further distribution will be done by them. 6.8. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT The results of the baseline vegetation study suggest that the project area falls in the semi arid region and the vegetation of the area represents the same. The vegetation species and life forms suggests that the project area represents the characteristics that of degraded vegetation and dry and semiarid landscape. The project area does not have any threatened, endangered or conservation concerned faunal species. Majority of the species found in and around project site are common throughout the state. The area does not make part of any significant breeding, roosting or feeding habitats of important and endangered species. Moreover, the project area does not fall in vicinity of any important wildlife hotspot in the region. The project site does not fall in the eco-sensitive/fragile zone identified by the State/Central Government agencies. The area does not fall in any of the critical wildlife habitats identified by any agencies till date. In view of the results of the flora and fauna study it is inferred that the project shall have least impacts on ecology of the region.

6.9. IMPACT ON BIRD MIGRATION AND MORTALITY In order to predict the impact on the birds due to the proposed wind farm, a study was carried out by Dr. Bharat Jethva, a Wild life biologist. The study report is enclosed in the Appendix 12. Based on his study, the conclusions drawn are as follows  The baseline status of the birds and bats clearly suggests that no endemic or threatened species is present in and around the proposed project area.  The sensitive receptors such as habitats of Bird‟s & Bat‟s i.e. Desert National Park/Grassland, Wetland and roosting sites of bats do not fall in and around the project area and they are located more than 10 km away.  Great Indian Bustard and other endangered species are less likely to be affected because of their very small surviving population in Jaisalmer district and it is currently restricted in Desert National Park.  Observations on movement of bats from Jaisalmer roosts suggests that majority of the bats were moving towards the agriculture fields aligned along the Indira Gandhi Canal 40 km north of Jaisalmer town.  Interview survey of local villagers and herders suggested the absence of Bustards from the project area due to disturbance, developmental activities and general increase in the human population and their movements in the region.  Literature survey suggested that Rajasthan/India falls on Central Asian Flyway which is broadly defined flyway for several migratory birds and there is no specific bird route that passes only through the Jaisalmer or Rajasthan as such.  Literature survey also suggested that wind turbines do not significantly harm the migratory waterbirds, especially when the wetlands are located far away from the proposed project site. Though, there are not many cases of bird hits by windmills have been observed in India till date, it is important that project site should be monitored properly and specifically for bird mortality. Proposed management plan would mitigate any likely impacts on the birds.

6.10. ARCHEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE It should be noted that the proposed project will not pose any problem with respect to cultural and historical assets. As per archaeological survey of India and state archaeology department there are no specific archaeological sites, structures, remains or artifacts notified or demarcated within 10 Km radius of the proposed site.

6.11. STORM AND SEISMIC HAZARD The continuous variable pith regulation system of the blades helps to operate at a continuous variable speed in synchronism with the varying wind speeds. Turbine blades are designed to work at a cut out wind speed of 20 m/s and

having storm control. These mills will stop automatically for the wind speeds reaching more than 20 m/s. The proposed project site is located in Zone II (Low Damage Risk Zone) as per the seismic zones of India Map IS:1893-2002, BIS GOI. However seismic hazard has been taken into account in the design of the turbine foundations to prevent tower failure in the event of shocks. Therefore, storm and seismic hazards are not of any significance for the proposed project.

6.12. IMPACT ON AIR TRAFFIC AND SAFETY Jaisalmer airport and Air force station are situated more than 50 Km towards North West of the proposed wind farm site. Therefore, impact on air traffic and safety are not expected due to set of proposed wind power. As per air navigational marking regulations, the blades of the WTGs are marked with red bands with specific width for more visibility.

6.13. VISUAL IMPACTS Primarily visual impacts depend on the location and public awareness. Visual impacts associated with wind power projects typically relate to the turbine itself such as color, type, height, etc. and impacts relating to their interaction with character of the surrounding landscape. All the proposed WTGs of this project are of uniform diameter & color and have non-reflective paints. Use of overhead cables for power transmission, could potentially create minimal visual impact. However transmission line and WTGs are located away from the populated areas as indentified project will develop on government revenue land. Hence visual impact due to transmission line and WTGs will be insignificant. The features blend with the natural landscape & prevent interference with the overall scenic beauty of the surrounding area.

6.14. LIGHT AND ILLUMINATION ISSUES Shadow Flicker Shadow flicker occurs generally during the operation phase of the project, when the sun passes behind the wind turbine and casts a shadow. As the rotor blades rotate, shadows pass over the same point causing an effect termed shadow flicker. Shadow flicker may become a problem when residences are located near, or have a specific orientation to, the wind farm. Majority of the WTGs are located away from nearby villages and 300 m away from the informal settlers. Hence impact due to of shadow flickers is expected to be minimal from the proposed project. Blade Glint: Similar to shadow flicker, blade or tower glint occurs when the sun strikes a rotor blade or the tower at a particular orientation. This can impact the community, as the reflection of sunlight off the rotor blade may be angled toward nearby residences. Blade glint is a temporary phenomenon for new turbines only, and typically disappears when blades get soiled after a few months of operation. Also the wind turbine towers are painted with non-reflective coatings; hence the reflection from tower is not anticipated.

6.15. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND IMPACT ON OPERATION OF AVIATION RADAR Wind turbines could potentially cause electromagnetic interference with aviation radar and telecommunication systems (e.g. microwave, television and radio). This interference could be caused by three main mechanisms, namely near –field effects, diffraction, and reflection or scattering. The nature of the potential impacts depends primarily on the location of the wind turbine relative to the transmitter and receiver and characteristics of the rotor blades, signal frequency receiver, and radio wave propagation in the local atmosphere. Wind farms located near an airport may impact the operation of aviation radar by causing signal distortion, which may cause loss of signal and/or erroneous signals on the radar screen. These effects are caused by tower and rotor component reflection due to radar chopping. However the nearest airport is located 50 Km away from the nearest wind turbine location. In this project, the design of the turbine components such as nacelle, tower and blades are designed in such a fashion that there will be no electromagnetic interferences. Turbine blades are made of fiberglass material of reinforced epoxy resins with non reflecting coating which will minimize the electromagnetic interferences.

6.16. IMPACTS DUE TO UNCHECKED VEGETATION ALONG RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) Unchecked growth of the tall trees and accumulation of vegetation within right of way may result in impacts such as power outrages through contact of branches and trees with transmission lines, blocking of equipment access and interference with critical grounding equipment. Regular maintenance of vegetation should be carried in order mitigate such impacts along ROW.

6.17. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS: In addition to the proposed project, IRL is planning to develop additional 700 MW in Devikot village which 15km towards North West from the proposed wind farm site. The location map of the proposed site is shown in Figure VI.1. Cumulative construction effects are usually of most concern with the main traffic impacts likely to be associated with the movements of commercial Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) transporting construction materials and wind turbine components, to the site. The construction activities of the proposed 300 MW wind farm and planned 700 Mw wind farm are unlikely to occur simultaneously. Hence, cumulative construction effects are not considered to pose a significant effect. Traffic generation once the wind farm becomes operational is usually minimal and comprises occasional visits for maintenance activities and an occasional need for an HGV / crane for more substantial maintenance or equipment replacement. The effects of operational traffic would generally be considered negligible.

Figure VI.1 Location Map of Proposed Wind Farm in the vicinity of the Proposed Project

The expected cumulative operational impact that might be considered due to proposed 300 MW and planned 700 MW wind farm project is Noise impact. Since the WTG locations of the additional wind farm site are not determined at the moment, it is not possible to make cumulative noise impact at this stage. However, considering 15 km distance between the two wind farm sites, overlapping of the noise levels reaching nearby settlement is expected to be insignificant. As both the sites are more than 10 km away from the desert national park/ grassland, wetland and roosting sites of bats, no cumulative impact predicted due to this project. In addition to above, baseline status of the birds and bats clearly suggests that no endemic or threatened species is present in and around the both proposed project area. The employment opportunity will increase due to both projects as there is no other business opportunity in the project area other than tourism. So there will be a positive impact due to both the project.

6.18. OVERALL IMPACTS Temporary adverse impacts expected during the construction phase will be mitigated through proper implementation of mitigation measures suggested in Chapter VII – Environmental Management Plan. However, overall impacts of both operational and construction phase on the surrounding environment are expected to be positive.

CHAPTER VII

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) This section of the chapter proposes an environment management plans during the construction and operational phase of the proposed wind energy project. The objectives of the environmental management plan is to achieve the following objectives:  To ensure that good engineering practices are followed during construction and operational phases to minimize environmental impacts.  To avoid, or where avoidance is not possible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts on workers, affected communities and the surrounding.  To ensure that rehabilitation, resettlement of the affected communities if any due to project shall be done properly.  To ensure good occupational health and safety practices during construction and operation phase at the project.  To ensure that the pollutant concentration in the workplace does not exceed the NAAQS  To monitor impacts on the environment and the effectiveness of mitigation measures during operation EMP, which covers IFC guideline, April 2007 on relevant features of Environment, Health and Safety required for wind energy project is recommended to be followed during the construction and operation phase of the project. EMP for construction phase and operation phase of the project is given in Table VII.1 and Table VII.2.

Table VII.1 Environmental Management Plan: Construction phase

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard

1 Air Quality Dust emission  Sprinkling of water to control fugitive dust during construction emission. activities and  Stock piles of excavated material like soil movement of the shall be carefully managed by water spray vehicles on dampening to minimize the windblown dust unpaved roads  Limiting the speed limits of the vehicles on the unpaved surface  Monitoring of the dust emissions during high During Developer/ wind periods constructi PS3 Contractor on Gaseous  Vehicle used for transportation should have emissions from the the Pollution under Control (PUC) Certificate construction  Vehicle used for the transportation shall be machineries and in well condition Vehicles  Regular maintenance of the vehicles and heavy machinery to ensure the minimal exhaust emission

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard

2 Noise Noise emission  Engine powered construction machineries Quality from the and vehicles shall be provided with exhaust Construction silencers. related equipments  Proper maintenance and service of the and due machineries and vehicles to adhere the movement of applicable noise standards. Vehicles  Limiting the speed limits of the vehicles  Workers should be provide with earplugs/ During Developer/ earmuffs to avoid the noise impacts near constructi PS 3 contractor high noisy areas. on phase  Noise levels shall be monitored and reported  Planning activities in consultation with the local residents so that activities with greater potential to generate noise are during periods of the day that will result in minimal disturbance 3 Land Impact on  Store construction materials containing fine environment receiving water particles in an enclosure such that sediment and water body due to soil laden water does not drain into nearby water environment erosion drains. During Developer/  Stabilize slopes on road or elsewhere any constructi PS3 contractor embankments to control sedimentation, on phase erosion and water pollution.  Also consider the use of geo-textiles to prevent soil erosion during construction.

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard

 Top soil shall be used for landscape development in the adjacent areas 4 Waste Wastewater  Minimal wastewater will be generated which managemen will be discharged into septic tank t  No wastewater generated will be discharged into the water bodies. Solid waste  Minimal solid waste will be generated which includes concrete materials, bins, unused metals, package materials, scraps, plastic, paper and food materials etc. which will be disposed of as per municipal solid waste rules Excavation  Excavation generated material will be used During During material for embankment of road and minor leveling constructi construction PS3 of site during the conclusion of construction on phase phase activities and filling low lying area of the site  Top soil will be stored separately and will be applied on the embankment and upper surface of the leveled and unpaved area. Hazardous waste  Minimum waste will be generated such as empty oil/paint containers and the lubricating/ hydraulic fluids used for the maintenance. These wastes will be disposed of as per Hazardous waste Management and Handling Rules, 2008. 5 Socio- Security and safety  Limiting the speed limits of the vehicles During Developer PS1

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard

economic of community  Trucks carrying Heavy machineries shall be constructi mobilized during night time. on phase  Driver should be well trained and should have valid driving license  Inform all workers of the conditions in the Code of conduct in order to mitigate the impact on the community due to presence of construction workers in the area. Grievances  Assess the grievances/ suggestions and if they are found to be genuine and During acceptable, will be resolved at the site office constructi Developer PS1 level itself within 30 days from the date of on phase receipt 6 Ecology  Minimizing the footprint of the construction related activities. Once the Construction is completed it should be ensured that the disturbed areas are re-vegetated with native During plant species Developer/ Constructi PS6  Training the Project personnel‟s to avoid any contractor on phase accidents, poaching or harassments to any animal or bird species by the project staff such as laborers, drivers or any other employees 7 Occupationa  Workers shall be trained for health and During Developer/ l Health and safety requirements. constructi PS2 contractor safety  Only trained and certified workers to install, on phase

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard maintain or repair electrical equipment.  Deactivating and properly grounding live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity to the lines  Take proper care during loading and unloading to avoid any mechanical injury  Provide and effective use of necessary safety appliance like, Safety net, Safety belt, safety harness etc.  All the precautions shall be taken which includes physical hazards due to working at heights, working with rotating machinery and falling objects.  Implementation of a fall protection program includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures, inspection, maintenance and replacement etc.  Install fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection systems.  Provide workers with adequate work positioning device system  Ensure that hoisting equipment is properly rated and maintained and that hoist operators are properly trained.  Safety belts should be of not less than 15.8

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard mm two in one nylon or material of equivalent strength.  Check road embankment for erosion and rutting, any sign of instability to be taken care before every monsoon. Identify the personnel for monitoring and mitigating the effect of project on environmental and socio-cultural resources  Lifting Tool & Tackle should be tested as per relevant act and mark the safe operating limit, testing and due test date.  Visual inspection is to be done, before starting to use lifting tool & tackle  Provide Personnel protective equipments  Provide the temporary shade in the nearby area, so concern worker can take rest in the different interval and it can be prevent from Sunstroke.  Sufficient and hygienic drinking water should be available at site.  Develop the nearby available medical services contact number and address, in case of emergency use. 8 Community  Prevent unauthorized personnel from During Developer/ health and assessing the site. constructi PS4 contractor safety  Wind turbine site shall be designed with on phase

IFC Sr. Time Implementati Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Performanc No. schedule on e standard appropriate safety setback.  Adhering to speed limits for the traffic movement within the project site.  Clear signs, flag-marks shall be used where ever necessary in the vicinity of the construction activity. 9 Visual  All the debris and waste will be collected, impacts stored and transported in an orderly manner to prevent any adverse visual impact on the During Developer/ surrounding. constructi PS3 contractor  Project equipment storage area will be on phase maintained properly to prevent adverse visual impact 10 Storm and  Developer/ contractor will take necessary During Developer/ Seismic precaution during the foundation design Design PS3 Contractor hazard Phase

TABLE VII.2 Environmental Management Plan: Operation phase

Sr. Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Time Implementati IFC No. schedule on Performanc e standard

1 Noise Noise resulting  Noise mitigation measures will be During Promoter/ PS3 Quality from the wind incorporated into design of the turbines with Operation Developer turbines low rotational speeds. Phase  Proper maintenance of instruments. Monitor the noise levels at sensitive receptors as per monitoring plan.  When the turbine is out of operation for maintenance the sound level in the nacelle is below 80 dB. In operation mode ear protection is required.

2 Waste Hazardous waste  Waste oils resulting from the maintenance During Promoter/ PS3 management (Waste oil) works will be collected and will be disposed Operation Developer of as per Hazardous waste Management Phase and Handling Rules, 2008.  Ensure proper and contained disposal of enamel and paint drums and other waste at sites 3 Socio- Grievances  Assess the grievances/ suggestions and if During Promoter/ PS1 economic they are found to be genuine and operation developer acceptable, will be resolved at the site office phase level itself within 30 days from the date of receipt. 4 Ecology Bird Hits and  annual monitoring of windmills shall be During Promoter/ PS6 Mortality carried out at least for two years for two operation Developer

Sr. Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Time Implementati IFC No. schedule on Performanc e standard

seasons in order to understand if there are phase any significant mortality of birds or disturbance to them due installation of windmills in the project area. 5 Occupational  Workers will be trained for the health and During Promoter/ PS2 health and safety requirements. Operation Developer safety  All the precautions will be taken while phase working at heights  Only trained and certified workers to install, maintain or repair electrical equipment.  Deactivating and properly grounding live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity to the lines  Provide Personnel protective equipments  Implementation of a fall protection program includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures, inspection, maintenance and replacement etc.  Lifting Tool & Tackle should be tested as per relevant act and mark the safe operating limit, testing and due test date.  Provide workers with adequate work positioning device system. 6 Community  Design site plan of project facilities to During Promoter/ PS4 health and comply with the requirement of aviation Operation Developer safety authorities to avoid electromagnetic phase interference.

Sr. Issues Impact Actions/ Mitigation measures Time Implementati IFC No. schedule on Performanc e standard

 Prevent unauthorized personnel from assessing the towers by locking the doors of the tower  Grounding conducting objects which are installed near power lines, to prevent shock.  Wind turbine site shall be designed with appropriate safety setback.  Enforce traffic control including speed limits.  Provide rational speed control to ensure the safe operation of wind turbine rotors.  Develop an operational and emergency response program for fire and major accidents including emergency equipment.  Warning labels and public hazard information boards will be available at site to ensure public safety. 8 Visual  Turbine will be painted a uniform color During Promoter/ PS3 impacts generally that will blend with sky i.e. light Operation Developer grey , white phase  Use anti-collision lighting and marking systems on towers and blades to provide aviation safety.

7.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Environmental monitoring and supervision programme is a vital process of any management plan of the development project. This helps in alarming the potential problems that may result from the proposed project. This will help in taking prompt action for implementation of effective corrective measures. The main objectives of the monitoring program are:  To assess the changes in environmental conditions.  To monitor the effective implementation of mitigation measures.  Changes in environmental quality for further preventive action. An environmental monitoring programe with parameters and frequency location are given in Table: VII.3 & 4.

Table VII.3 Environmental Monitoring Programme – Construction Phase Item Parameters Frequency Standard methods Twice in year  Improved West and during SO (24 hrly) Gaeke method. 2 construction period.  Ultraviolet Fluorescence Air quality at  Jacob & Hochheiser nearest modified method. NOx (24 hrly) village from  Gas Phase wind turbine. Chemiluminescence High Volume Sampling SPM(24 hrly) (HVS) PM 10µ and 2.5µ Respirable Particulate

(24 hrly) Matter Sampler Once in a Noise Equivalent noise three month measuremen level (Leq) for day during t at nearest Hourly time and night construction village from time (Ld and Ln). period. wind turbine.

Ground water Twice in year IS: 10500 samples during Water quality Surface water construction IS:2296 samples period. Texture, physico Twice in year chemical analysis during Soil As per applicable standard and relevant construction heavy metals period.

Table VII.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme - Operation Phase Standard Parameters Frequency Item methods Equivalent noise level Once in year at nearest village Noise (Leq) for day time and from wind turbine. Hourly night time (Ld and Ln). Surface Measurement of Water surface, ground water IS: 10500 quality and soil quality for Ground lubricating oil if any Water contamination occurs as IS:2296 Once in year at the nearest quality a result of considerable Surface water from the wind oil spill to a nearby turbine surface or unpaved As per ground due to the Soil applicable maintenance and standard operation of wind turbine activities. annual monitoring of windmills be carried out at least for Bird two years for two seasons in order to understand if there - mortality are any significant mortality of birds or disturbance to them due installation of windmills in the project area.

7.3 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

A joint social and environmental redress mechanism should be implemented under the project. Grievances and suggestions from local and affected people may come-up related to inappropriate implementation of the project and components of EMP. The expected range of grievances to be handled through this mechanism will encompass but not limited to the following: a) Nuisance from noise, dust, and temporary blocking of access; b) Emissions from increase vehicular traffic and stationary sources; c) Conflict between local residents and migrant workers; d) Underpayment or delayed payment of local workers, e) Ownership of vegetation for clearing; and f) Damage compensation.

These issues will be addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. Grievances from public or stakeholders concerning the project and EMP implementation will be received by the concerned „Project In-charge‟ at site. A site register will be maintained where all complaints are registered with the signature of the complainant and the „Site In- charge‟. The „Site In-charge‟ shall send one copy of the complaints to the following departments in the project promoter‟s organizational set up.  Human Resource Department,  Procurement Department,  Corporate Social Responsibility Department (Liaison Officer)

 Environmental and Safety Department and  Project Management Department

If present, the Project Supervisor will then assess the grievances/suggestions and if they are found to be genuine and acceptable, will be resolved at the site office level itself within 30 days from the date of receipt. In case, the issue is unable to be resolved, the matter will be forwarded to the Social and Environmental department to the clients head quarter. The final responsibility of Grievance Redressal shall lie with the Project Management Department or the „Project In-charge‟. For management of complex grievance issues the client shall include local administration and local community representatives to resolve the issues when required. Grievance mechanism shall applicable during due course of construction phase and implementation phase of the project. Table VII.5 Social and Environmental Action Plan

Actions Department Responsible Proposed Key performance Timeframe indicator for

In order ensure the Environment and safety Once in six Audit report. implementation of the department months proposed EMP client shall regularly carry out Inspection and audits

Environmental Monitoring Environment and safety Refer Table Monitoring records during construction phase department VII.3 and and operation phase Table VII.4

Grievances Redressal HR + Liaison Officer Within 30 Register the +Project management + days grievances as and Environmental and safety when they arise. department If found genuine and acceptable resolve at site office within 30 days.

Avian fauna monitoring Monitoring shall be carried Annual Annual Monitoring by outsourced expert - Wild monitoring report life Biologist or Ornithologist for 2 years atleast for 2 seasons

CHAPTER VIII

PUBLIC CONSULTATION, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Public Consultation is an important component of this study. As the proposed project site involves only government revenue land, residents of the nearby villages, local gram panchayats and representative of the local community were considered as stakeholders and were consulted during the study. All the stakeholders were informed well in advance about public consultation. Stakeholder‟s consultation meeting was organized on 25th Feb, 2012 at Fatehgarh Primary School, at Fatehgarh. All the stakeholders were informed well in advance about venue, date and meeting date. The stakeholders included the residents of the nearby villages, representatives of Inox team, representatives of Tata Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE), IFC personnel and farmers from different villages etc. The meeting was opened with the introduction of the project by TCE. An interactive session was held in Hindi Language (local language) with the villagers to help them have better understanding of the project and its related impacts. The stakeholders were informed regarding project benefits. Importance of the project in terms of utilization of renewable energy resources and mitigation of climate change was highlighted in during the interactive session. The photograph of the interactive session held between during public consultation is shown in the Figure VIII.1. The meeting had a positive ambience and the participants supported the Project. The discussion was intended to understand public opinion of the proposed project. Outcome of the public consutlation are as follows: (a) The local public was aware about the wind energy project IRL has conducted knowledge sharing camps for proposed project with the intention to create awareness about the wind energy project among the people. Local public was versed with the knowledge about wind turbines and same was also reflected during the public consultation. (b) Gist of Views of the public about the proposed project  Villagers were happy, as huge investment was planned in the area. They were excited about new employment opportunities and infrastructure developments in the area. The project will generate employment to villagers.  The separate access roads are also welcomed by the villagers as it will improve their accessibility to the fields.  Villagers expect more cashflow, income generation & thereby economy development of the area.  Few villagers raised the concern that noise generation due WTG might scare their cattle away. This concern of villagers was

addressed by giving example of already operating wind turbine in the surrounding area where the cattle routinely graze underneath the operating turbine. Also it was addressed that generation of noise will be minimal due to the technology and design used for the proposed project WTGs.  The expectation level with regard to community and individual benefits from the proposed project included consistent power supply as there is frequent power shut down in the area.  The public mentioned that they have not come across any case of bird collision or bird injury due to existing wind turbines in the surrounding area. Figure VIII.1 Stakeholders during Public Consultation

List of stakeholder Attendees during public consultation

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS  The proposed project is not generating any solid or liquid effluents and thereby pollution of land, surface water or ground water resources is not anticipated.  Wind energy project are considered as green projects with insignificant/ minimal impact on the surrounding environment, which are reversible in nature and can be mitigated by proper Environmental Management plan.  It is recommended to follow the suggested EMP during the construction and operation phase of the project to mitigate the adverse impacts, if any.  During site recoinaissance survey, some of the settlement were observed close to proposed wind farm site at few locations. During the interaction with these residents it was understood that they have moved into revenue land and have set the settlements over there for managing their livestocks and for farming purpose. They do not have rights over the land they occupy and belong to local village. Though IRL has not acquired the above mentioned land which otherwise would have result in phyical diplacement or economic displacment, however it is recommended to IRL to consider alternate feasible site for WTG locations which are located close to such settlement, in order to ensure that there will be no hardships due to community health and safety issues during the due course of implementation and long run of the project.  It is recommended to IRL to support the activities such as development and improvement of the educational and Medical facilities in the area as a part of CSR activity since the area is deprived of these facilities.  Project will have positive socioeconomic benefits to the surrounding villages.  The major source of income in the area is from tourism and farming. The proposed project will additionally generate of temporary and long term employment oppurtunities.  This project attracts CDM benefits for which relevant study is required to be undertaken at an appropriate time.  Considering equator principles, impacts of the project on relevant social and environmental parameters were assessed. The negative impacts were found to be temporary and insignificant. Besides, positive impacts are expected to be more pronounced on surrounding environment.  As per Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EPFIs) categorization, the proposed wind project falls under category “B” implying very limited to minimal social or environmental impacts - specific to site, largely reversible and which can readily be managed through envisaged mitigation measures.  It can be concluded that proposed project is environment-friendly and environmentally sustainable in the long run.

APPENDIX 1 COORDINATE LOCATION OF WTGs

APPENDIX 2 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Concentration in Ambient Air

Time Industrial, Ecologically Methods of S.No. Pollutant Weighted Residential, Sensitive Measurement Average Rural and Area (notified Other area by Central Government (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) -Improved West and Sulphur Annual* 50 20 Gaeke 1 Dioxide -Ultraviolet (SO2), µg/m3 24 hours** 80 80 Fluorescence -Modified Jacob & Nitrogen Annual* 40 30 Hochheiser 2 Dioxide (Na-Arsenic) (NO2), µg/m3 24 hours** 80 80 - Chemiluminescence Particulate - Gravimetric Matter (size Annual* 60 60 3 less than 10 - TOEM µm) or PM10 24 hours** 100 100 µg/m3 - Beta attenuation Particulate - Gravimetric Matter (size Annual* 40 40 4 less than 2.5 - TOEM µm) or PM2.5 µg/m3 24 hours** 60 60 - Beta attenuation 100 100 - UV photometric Ozone (O ) 8 hours ** 5 3 µg/m3 - Chemiluminescence 1 hour** 180 180 - Chemical method - AAS/ICP method after sampling on Annual* 0.5 0.5 Lead (Pb) EPM 2000 or 6 µg/m3 equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon 24 hours** 1 1 filter Carbon 8 hours ** 2 2 - Non Dispersive 7 Monoxide (CO) Infrared mg/m3 1 hour** 4 4 (NDIR)Spectroscopy Ammonia Annual* 100 100 - Chemiluminescence 8 (NH3) - Indophenol blue 3 24 hours** 400 400 µg/m method - Gas chromatography Benzene based continuous 9 (C6H6) Annual* 5 5 analyser µg/m3 - Adsorption and Desorption followed

by GC analysis

Benzo (α) Pyrene (BaP) - - Solvent extraction 10 Particulate Annual* 1 1 followed by Phase only HPLC/GC analysis ng/m3 - AAS/ICP method after sampling on Arsenic (As), 11 Annual* 6 6 EPM 2000 or ng/m3 equivalent filter paper - AAS/ICP method after sampling on Nickel 12 Annual* 20 20 EPM 2000 or (Ni),ng/m3 equivalent filter paper

* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with ** 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring. Note- Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigation -The Principal rules were published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary vide number S.O. 844(E), dated the 19th November , 1986; and subsequently amended vide numbers S.O.433(E), dated the 18th April, 1987; G.S.R. 176(E), dated 2nd April 1996; and were recently amended vide numbers G.S.R 97 (E), dated the 18th February, 2009; G.S.R. 149(E), dated the 4th March, 2009;G.S.R. 512(E0, dated the 9th July, 2009; G.S.R. 543(E), dated the 22nd July 2009;G.S.R.595 (E), dated the 21st August 2009; and G.S.R 794(E), dated the 4th November ,2009.

APPENDIX-3 NOISE MONITORING DATA

APPENDIX-4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS IN RESPECT OF NOISE

Area Code Category of Area/ Limit in dBA (Leq)* Zone Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40

Note: 1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. 2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. 3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutes and courts. The silence zones are zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority.

* dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing.

A "decibel" is a unit in which noise is measured.

"A", in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear.

Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.

APPENDIX-5 NOISE LEVEL AS PER IFC GUIDELINES

One Hour L (dBA) Receptor Aeq Daytime Day time Night time

(07:00 - 22:00) (22:00 - 07:00)

Residential; institutional; 55 45 Educational

Industrial, 70 70 commercial

APPENDIX-6 SURFACE WATER QUALITY

APPENDIX 7 GROUND WATER QUALITY

APPENDIX 8 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

APPENDIX 9 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY AREA No of Population Population 0-6 Years SC Population ST Population NAME of the House village holds Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Rajgarh 161 952 563 389 207 139 68 48 27 21 57 34 23 Bahla Basti 55 347 194 153 93 50 43 5 2 3 0 0 0 Chhodiya 55 335 189 146 78 44 34 180 96 84 5 4 1 Laxmansar 75 487 289 198 121 74 47 55 33 22 0 0 0 Dangri 394 2400 1284 1116 592 313 279 70 39 31 498 255 243 Mehreri 70 461 240 221 113 55 58 59 27 32 0 0 0

APPENDIX 10 LITERACY LEVEL IN THE STUDY AREA

NAME of the Literate Illiterate village Total Male Female Total Male Female Rajgarh 390 271 119 562 292 270 Bahla Basti 148 93 55 199 101 98 Chhodiya 147 107 40 188 82 106 Laxmansar 161 123 38 326 166 160 Dangri 827 613 214 1573 671 902 Mehreri 172 129 43 289 111 178

APPENDIX 11 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Total Main Main Main Main Workers Total Workers Total Workers Worker Main Main Workers Village Workers Workers (Main+Marg (Main+Margina (Main+Margina s - Workers Workers Cultivator name Cultivators Cultivators inal) l) Males l) Females Person - Males - Females s - - Persons - Males Persons s Females Rajgarh 535 311 224 424 253 171 305 181 124 Bahla Basti 97 88 9 92 86 6 53 49 4 Chhodiya 119 85 34 93 85 8 70 63 7 Laxmansar 254 146 108 202 138 64 123 62 61 Dangri 1066 667 399 358 291 67 101 90 11 Mehreri 209 120 89 121 98 23 78 66 12

APPENDIX 11 (continued) OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Main Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers Village name Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural Household Household Household Other - Other - Other - Labourers - Labourers - Labourers - Industry - Industry - Industry - Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Rajgarh 7 6 1 3 3 0 109 63 46 Bahla Basti 4 3 1 0 0 0 35 34 1 Chhodiya 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 22 1 Laxmansar 3 0 3 1 1 0 75 75 0 Dangri 0 0 0 99 98 1 158 103 55 Mehreri 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 32 11

APPENDIX 12 Bird and Bat Study for Dangri Wind farm project at Jaisalmer, Rajasthan