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Knowing Your Horse Bronze KNOWING YOUR HORSE BRONZE print SAMPLEnot Do Understand how to look after horses by developing your knowledge of basic anatomy and feeding. Know why they need to be fit and healthy for the activities you do together. KNOWING YOUR HORSE By completing this award you will find out: BRONZE IMAGE • The various colours and markings horses can have • The names for different parts of the horse • How to recognise signs of good and poor health • How to keep your horse healthy • The rules of feeding and watering horses • Why a ridden horse should be fit and print how to recognise an unfit horse SAMPLEnot Do IDENTIFICATION The terms that refer to male and female Colours horses or ponies are: It is not only the coat that is looked at to Foal: A filly or colt under 1 year old describe a horse’s overall colour but also the colour of their ‘points’. Filly: A young female horse under 4 years old Colt: A young male horse under 4 years old that has not been castrated Mare: A female over 4 years old Gelding: A male that has been castrated (had his testicles removed by a vet) Stallion: A male over 4 years old that print has not been castrated ? DID YOU KNOW...? Male horses and ponies are often castrated before they turn two years old as this makes them more docile and easier to handle. Stallions should only be handled by experienced not people as they can be very strong SAMPLE and unpredictable. Fleabitten grey – freckled appearance Do ! FACT When describing colour, the points you refer to are the: muzzle, tips of the ears, mane and tail, knees, hocks and the lower limbs. mare (left) and foal (right). Image by Fell Pony Society 4 5 Bay – brown with black points Dark iron grey Grey – white and black hairs throughout the coat, usually lightens with age print Palomino (left) – yellow or golden coat with flaxen not mane and tail ChestnutSAMPLE – ginger or red coat, mane and tail can Dun – yellow or golden colour with black points Piebald – patches of black and white over the body Skewbald (right) – patches of white and another be flaxen and a black dorsal stripe colour apart from black over the body ? DID YOU KNOW...?Do ? DID YOU KNOW...? A dorsal stripe is a strip of hair A flaxen mane and tail means the which runs down the length of the hair in the mane and tail is lighter horse’s spine. than the coat. 6 7 Face and leg markings Leg markings Horses often have white markings Leg markings are described by the parts of on their face and/or their legs. When white covering the leg. For example white describing a horse’s colour you can also to hock or white to fetlock. An ermine include these markings, which have mark is a black mark on the coronet band. specific names depending on their position and the area they cover. Facial markings Sock Blaze – wide white line which goes over the nasal bones and runs down the centre of the face White above fetlock ? DID YOU KNOW...? A horse’s markings are drawn in his passport to help identify him. DID YOU KNOW...? A passport is a legal requirement ? for all horses, ponies and donkeys Stripe – narrow white line running down the print centre of the face A white marking reaching to the in the UK and also records their knee or hock is also known as a vaccinations and medications. sock. A white marking reaching above the knee or hock is also known as a stocking. not WANT TO KNOW MORE? You will learn more about passports as SAMPLE part of the knowing your horse gold. White face – white marking covering the forehead, Do eyes, nose and muzzle Snip – small white mark on the muzzle 8 9 28 27 Parts of the foot 26 4 25 22 23 9 24 20 3 21 19 1 2 2 1 8 5 12 13 3 11 7 10 18 6 6 7 17 5 4 8 16 14 9 15 1 Muzzle 8 Cannon 15 Hoof print22 Croup 1 Cleft of frog 2 Chin groove 9 Pastern 16 Fetlock 23 Loins 2 Seat of corn WANT TO KNOW MORE? 3 Throat 10 Chestnut 17 Cannon 24 Back 3 Frog The BHS have produced a video ‘How to identify parts of the leg and 4 Mane 11 Elbow 18 Hock 25 Withers 4 White line foot’ that goes over the points above. 5 Point of shoulder 12 Barrel 19 Point of buttocks 26 Crest 5 Sole You can find it on our Education Hub website in the video library under the 6 Forearm 13 Stifle not20 Quarters 27 Poll 6 Point of frog resource hub menu. 7 KneeSAMPLE14 Coronet 21 Point of hip 28 Ears 7 Wall 8 Bars 9 Bulb of heel ANATOMYDo It is useful to know describe to someone where the parts of the horse, an injury is on your horse. particularly if you need to 10 11 Signs of good health Signs of ill health Bright eyes Dull eyes or signs of discharge Shiny coat The coat looks dull or is standing up on end (can be a sign the horse is cold) Alert, interested in what is going on Hiding at the back of the stable not interested in what is happening Eating and drinking normally Not eating or drinking, or drinking excessively Droppings and urine are normal and Not passing urine or droppings or passed regularly droppings are very hard or very loose Standing evenly on all four feet Not putting weight on one front foot May rest a hind leg if relaxed or dozing No abnormal heat or swelling in legs Abnormal heat or swelling in legs Normal respiration rate Increased respiration rate for no (usually 8-16 breaths per minute) apparent reason print i TOP TIP ! FACT All horses are individuals and what Taking a horse’s temperature and constitutes as ‘normal’ in one horse pulse can also help you decide if a won’t necessarily be the same for horse is unwell. You will learn about another. If you’re a horse owner, this in the silver award. know how much water your horse usually drinks, how often he goes not to the toilet and what his droppings look like so you can recognise when SAMPLE something is not right. WANT TO KNOW MORE? HEALTH The BHS holds First Aid for Horses courses, presented by local vets in your area. These cover topics such Whether you haveDo your good and ill health in horses as when to call the vet, basic first aid and caring for injured or ill horses. own horse, loan, share as you will be responsible Visit your regional page on the BHS or ride horses at a riding for your horse’s welfare website to find courses in your area. school, it is important for while he is in your care. you to recognise signs of 12 13 What to do if you suspect something is wrong ! FACT If you have carried out your checks and are concerned about your horse you Horses that travel overseas or are should tell your coach or yard manager used for breeding require to have and see what they advise. It may be that additional vaccinations. your horse needs to see a vet, farrier or other industry professional. If you are worried about a horse which does not belong to you then speak to the owner, Tetanus is caused by bacteria that live in yard manager or a member of staff on the soil entering a horse’s blood stream the yard. via a wound. Horses are particularly susceptible to it due to the environment they live in. Tetanus can be fatal for horses but the vaccination offers full protection against it. Vaccinating your horse will not stop him from catching i TOP TIP flu but it will greatly reduce the severity If you are a horse owner there are of the symptoms should he come into a variety of industry professionals contact with it. Routine checks who can help you to keep your horse is good health and provide Monitoring your horse’s health should be WANT TO KNOW MORE? practical advice. These include: vets, part of your daily routine. registered farriers, equine dental DID YOU KNOW...? The routine checks questions describe ? technicians, and other experts such Checks to make or questions to ask the basic signs we look for on a daily as BHS Accredited Professional Only a vet can give your horse a yourself each day include: basis. You will explore these in further print Coaches and BHS Welfare Officers. vaccination. Vaccinating against • Is he standing comfortably? detail as we progress through the tetanus and equine flu involves a • Is he interested in what is going on? knowing your horse silver and gold series of three initial injections challenge awards. given over the first year followed • Is he happy to walk and move about by annual boosters. the stable or field? Preventing the spread of diseases • Has he been eating his hay? Has all the bucket feed been eaten? Is he grazing? Preventing disease is important as not only will it protect the health of your horse but • If he has a water bucket has he been not it is often cheaper to prevent a disease drinking out of it? ! FACT than treat it. Some diseases can limit the WANT TO KNOW MORE? • Are thereSAMPLE droppings in the stable and The colour and consistency of horse’s health and performance of your horse in do they look normal? droppings will change with diet.
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