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Betreutes Fernsehen Bitparade 08/2016 Myth-TV, Kodi, Plex, OSMC und DVB-Link im Test Software Betreutes Fernsehen Bitparade 46 Fernsehsendungen sehen und aufzeichnen, HD-Videos streamen, Musik hören, Bilder betrachten und noch einige Tricks mehr versprechen freie und kommerzielle Mediacenter-Programme für Linux-PCs, aber auch für den Raspberry Pi. Die Bitparade holt sich fünf Kandidaten ins heimische Wohnzimmer. Erik Bärwaldt www.linux-magazin.de Auge gefasste Gerät mitbringt. Als erste Anlaufstelle hierbei dient das Wiki des Linux-TV-Projekts [6], das über eine um- fangreiche Hardwaredatenbank verfügt. Die enthält auch wertvolle Installations- hinweise, da der User mancherorts für DVB- und Analog-TV-Komponenten noch proprietäre Firmware in das Mediacenter integrieren muss. Ein weiterer Stolperstein taucht auf, möchte der User auf einem bereits be- stehenden Linux-System manuell Media- center-Applikationen nachinstallieren. Da die Multimedia-Software meist als Client- Server-Applikation arbeitet, zieht Linux häufig noch die üblichen Verdächtigen hinterher, etwa Apaches Webserver, PHP 7 oder das MySQL-Datenbank-Back end. Hierbei treten unter Umständen Probleme auf, die unerfahrene Anwender überfor- © leeavison, 123RF © leeavison, dern und erfahrene nerven. Beiden Gruppen sei geraten, zu dedizier- Computertechnik und Unterhaltungs- stellt sich für den Interessenten erst ein- ten Mediacenter-Distributionen zu grei- elektronik wachsen immer weiter zusam- mal die Frage, welches Mediacenter sich fen. Die stimmen die einzelnen Kom- men. So nimmt es nicht Wunder, dass es für ihn eignet. Um die Qual der Wahl ab- ponenten optimal aufeinander ab und neben den herkömmlichen multimedialen zukürzen, vergleicht das Linux-Magazin konfigurieren sie vor. Speziell angepasste Computerprogrammen inzwischen ganze mit Myth-TV [1], Kodi [2], Plex Media- Installationsroutinen integrieren oft auch Softwaresuiten gibt, die den Computer im server [3], OSMC [4] und DVB-Link [5] gleich die Netzwerkdienste ins System. Verbund mit einem HDMI-fähigen Fern- fünf führende kommerzielle und freie seher oder gar Beamer sowie einem leis- Mediacenter-Lösungen, die nahezu jeden Ubuntu als Basis tungsfähigen Soundsystem zur Heimkino- Bedarf abdecken. Schaltzentrale umrüsten. Als Basis dieser Distributionen dient Der Anwender sieht damit nicht nur Bil- Grundsätzliches meist Ubuntu. Das ist weit verbreitet und der und Filme an, sondern hört Musik, verfügt dank der zahlreichen Ubuntu- streamt Inhalte aus dem Internet und Will die angehende Couch-Kartoffel ih- und Debian-Entwickler über eine sehr zappt durch das Fernsehprogramm. Auf- ren künftigen Mediacenter-PC auch zum gute Treiberabdeckung. Zugleich pflegen nahme- und Bearbeitungsfunktionen las- Empfang von Fernsehsendungen nutzen, die Entwickler die LTS-Varianten über sen kaum noch Wünsche offen, dagegen braucht sie zunächst einen entsprechen- haben es konventionelle DVD-Player, den TV-Empfänger mit Linux-Support. Heft-DVD Festplattenrekorder oder HI-FI-Anlagen Einige der gängigen DVB-Empfänger Der Quellcode für die aktuel- DELUG-DVD schwer. laufen mangels passender Module nicht len Versionen der quelloffenen Mediacenter- Doch aufgrund der großen Auswahl an unter Linux. Es empfiehlt sich, im Vorfeld Lösungen befindet sich auf der DELUG-DVD. Heimkino-Software im Linux-Bereich zu prüfen, ob Linux Treiber für das ins 08/2016 Software Bitparade 47 www.linux-magazin.de Abbildung 1: Im Kontrollzentrum von Myth-TV definiert der Anwender verschiedene Funktionsrollen für seinen Mediacenter-PC. einen relativ langen Zeitraum, sodass der load bereit. Andernorts auf der Website lieren im Untermenü »System« oder – je Mediacenter-PC einen langfristig stabilen finden sich auch Anleitungen und wei- nach Desktop – »Systemwerkzeuge« den Unterbau erhält. tere Informationen zur Integration [8] in Eintrag »Mythbuntu-Kontrollzentrum« Aber Obacht: Ubuntus grafischer Ins- die unterschiedlichen Linux-Distributio- auf. Rechts unten stößt er auf den Eintrag tallationsassistent Ubiquity bietet gleich nen. Als Komplettpaket und ausgezeich- »System Roles«, der die Rolle des aktu- zu Beginn die Option an, Drittanbieter- net vorkonfiguriert erhalten Anwender ellen Systems definiert. Soll der Home- Software in das System zu integrieren. Myth-TV zudem über die Distributionen Theatre-PC als alleiniges Mediacenter Dazu zählen das MP3-Plugin oder die Mythbuntu [9] und das auf Arch Linux arbeiten, aktiviert der Admin hier die wegen gravierender Sicherheitsmängel basierende Lin-HES [10]. Rollen »Primary Backend« und »Desktop allmählich aus der Mode kommende Wer Ubuntu und seine Derivate verwen- Frontend« (Abbildung 1). Flash-Technologie von Adobe. Diese det, installiert das Paket in einem Rutsch Nach der Rollendefinition richtet der Be- Möglichkeit sollte nutzen, wer die ver- über den Befehl: treiber im zweiten Schritt das Backend schiedenen proprietären Codecs nicht ein. Auch hierzu bietet Myth-TV eine sudo apt-get install mythbuntu-control-centre später umständlich nachinstallieren will. eigene grafische Routine, die sich hinter Er zieht automatisch den benötigten Apa- dem Eintrag »MythTV Backend Setup« im E Myth-TV che-Webserver, PHP 7 und den MySQL- Menü »System« oder »Systemwerkzeuge« Datenbankserver 5.7 nach und legt ent- versteckt. Hier muss der Betreiber vor Myth-TV ist eine der ältesten Media- sprechende Menü-Einträge an. Einfache allem die Gruppen »TV-Karten«, »Video- center-Applikationen und bereits seit Dialoge im Terminal erlauben bereits eine quellen«, »Verknüpfungen«, »Sender be- dem Jahr 2002 in steter Entwicklung grobe Grundkonfiguration. arbeiten« und »Speicherplatz« sorgfältig und Pflege. Das unter der GPL stehende konfigurieren. Während Myth-TV die im Programm richtet sich eher an fortge- Rollenspiel System befindlichen oder angeschlosse- schrittene User und hat sich aufgrund sei- nen TV-Karten meist korrekt erkennt und ner ausgereiften modularen Konzeption Myth-TV arbeitet mit von einem reinen Festplattenrekorder für einem Backend-Server Fernsehsendungen zu einem vollwerti- und einem Frontend- gen Mediacenter gemausert. Es kommt Client . Während das nicht nur mit analogen und digitalen Back end im Hintergrund TV-Empfängern zurecht, sondern bindet die internen Arbeitsab- auch Webinhalte und lokal gespeicherte läufe koordiniert, dient Daten ein. das Frontend als Benut- Myth-TV ist netzwerkfähig und arbei- zerschnittstelle. Ein PC tet nach dem Client-Server-Modell. Ge- kann dabei mehrere Rol- speicherte Inhalte kann es auf optische len einnehmen. Datenträger brennen. Neben den eigent- Über das Myth-TV-ei- lichen Kernprogrammen von Myth-TV gene Kontrollzentrum bringen viele Linux-Distributionen auch konfiguriert der Nutzer Module mit, die das Mediacenter erwei- das Mediacenter noch tern. Die jeweils aktuelle Version steht am bequemsten. Dazu Abbildung 2: Myth-TV lässt sich über ein Kontrollzentrum konfigurieren, außerdem im Quelltext [7] zum Down- ruft er nach dem Instal- das über eine grafische Oberfläche verfügt. 08/2016 Software Das stellt die aktuelle Version 16.1 „Jar- vis“ bereit. Die Kommandos sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install kodi Bitparade sudo apt-get install kodi-pvr-* aktualisieren die Paketquellen, installie- 48 ren das Mediacenter und ziehen dabei alle nötigen Abhängigkeiten nach. Der dritte Befehl holt die Add-on-Clients nach, die der Anwender braucht, um www.linux-magazin.de TV-Aufnahmen, die Sendungswieder- gabe und die EPG-Programmanzeige zu nutzen. Als Backend kommt ein entsprechender Server zum Einsatz, wobei Kodi zahlrei- Abbildung 3: Mit wenigen Klicks wählt der Nutzer multimediale Inhalte aus. che Server-Alternativen bereitstellt. Den Server konfiguriert der Anwender gleich anspricht, muss der Anwender die Video- ten Namen XBMC geläufig. Kodi ist wie während der Installation, optional ver- quellen selbst festlegen und dann mit der Myth-TV in vielen Software-Repositories wendet er zusätzlich eine Fernbedienung TV-Karte verknüpfen. großer Linux-Derivate enthalten. Zusätz- (Abbildung 4). Stecken mehrere Karten im System, kann lich erscheint es als Kodibuntu [12] in er dank dieses Konstrukts die Quellen Gestalt einer eigenen 64-Bit-only-Distri- Inbetriebnahme klar voneinander trennen. Der automa- bution, die auf Ubuntu 14.04 basiert. tisierte Senderscan erleichtert die Arbeit, Ist das getan, ruft der Admin die Software zudem muss er Pfade für die Aufnah- Auf die Platte aus dem Menü »Unterhaltungsmedien | mefunktion definieren. Nach Abschluss Kodi media center« auf. Im Mediacenter der teils sehr tiefgehenden Konfiguration Das Mediacenter ist freie Software, auf sind mehrere Mediengruppen voreinge- kann er das Backend starten und die Da- unterschiedlichen Plattformen zu Hause stellt. Wie Myth-TV gibt auch Kodi alle tenbank anlegen (Abbildung 2). und gilt mittlerweile als Quasi-Standard, gängigen Medienformen wieder. Nach Das Frontend startet er über den Eintrag wenn es um Mediacenter-Software geht. dem Erstaufruf wählt der Nutzer zu- »MythTV Frontend« im Menü »Multime- Da das Kodi-Projekt dedizierte Reposi- nächst die Sprache über das Einstellungs- dia«. Unter der Oberfläche steht nun das tories unterhält, empfiehlt es sich, stets menü. Hängt eine TV-Karte am Rechner komplette multimediale Leistungsspek- die jeweils aktuelle Variante aus diesen und sind die PVR-Back- und -Frontends trum des Mediacenters bereit: Myth-TV zu installieren. Alternativ lässt sich auch installiert, konfiguriert und aktiviert er bietet auch die Optionen, Radiosender an- eine ältere Kodibuntu-Installation auf die danach den PVR-Client über das Menü zuhören, Videos
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