Conservation Area

Swarkestone Conservation Area

Character Statement

2014

SOUTH DERBYSHIRE DISTRICT COUNCIL LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

3 5 6 1 1 2 3 10 11 17

Contents

Conservation Area Approaches Details and Materials Building Views Historic Development Historic

Appendix Distinctive architectural details architectural Distinctive Appendix Conservation Area Map Area Conservation Conservation Area Description Area Conservation Damage and Loss    Area of Archaeological Potential Archaeological of Area Analysis Area Conservation  Introduction Summary Swarkestone SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement Swarkestone the on Derby to route direct a on was it Coventry. from Highway King’s and Burton, at being nearest the so, or miles of For village A514). the (the Derby dominate from 10 some for Trent crossthe to bridge only the was south Bridge Swarkestone history its of much to road trunk continues main the Causeway, on located is century and Swarkestone 14th massive its and bridge, 1795 in built was river the over bridge current the although times, medieval in constructed be to bridge masonry possibly crossing, river important and ancient pre an the from dating of presence the to due largely existence Its is here Trent. River the of bank north the on valley Trent the in lies Swarkestone Summary 1977. November 23rd on Council District Derbyshire South by designated was Area Conservation Swarkestone The professional making when Council the by used be applications. development of merits the on judgements will future for document opportunities thus This and interest enhancement. also special It that to protection. damage of of worthy degree Swarkestone the assesses of appearance and character the makes that It Council. District Derbyshire South with, association in and for, Conservation Morris Mel by produced been has statement This Introduction Conservation Area Conservation

- Conquest period. Shallows in the River Trent at this point enabled a enabled point this at Trent River the in Shallows period. Conquest

- 97, as the medieval bridge had been washed away in a flood. This flood. a in away washed been had bridge medieval the as 97,

SwarkestoneBridge 1795

sets out the special historic and architectural interest architectural and historic special the out sets

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

centuries, characterised by high

Remains of Swarkestone Hall Swarkestone of Remains

and 19

century origins century th

2 th

form evidence of the settlement. It has been carried -

the Harpur familythe Harpur

–

owning owning Harpur family -

Crewe Crewe from 1808), who still own - large and robust stone of prebuildings largeand stone robust common use of rubble gritstone for boundary of rubble use walls common gritstone predominantly red brick buildings of the 18 details level brickwork decorative a private and quiet character, with few access roads within the settlement, and many network made by intimate connections a footpath strong old walls in the eastern half of the conservation area and historic associations evoke emotions strong a linear river frontage settlement, dominated by the river, bridge and causeway dominated by andthe river, bridge a settlement, riverlinear frontage a small rural village with agricultural by one domination family roots and a long history of occupation and medieval periods. statutory statutory site information from the Derbyshire Sites and Monuments Record. It shows - brick estate buildings of the 19 -

Within Within the area of archaeological archaeological evidence potential relating to the medieval there and/or post medieval periods may may survive be reasonable below ground. expectation that An area of archaeological potential may encompass both statutory designations (including Scheduled Ancient Monuments and Registered non Historic Parks and Gardens) and the other probable extent of post settlement and industrial activity during the medieval and/or archaeological, archaeological, documentary and plan out as part of the Archaeologist, review of the each Development conservation Control area Archaeologist County Council. Record Officer at Derbyshire in and consultation the with Sites the County and Monuments  Area of Archaeological Potential An area of archaeological potential has been defined through an assessment of the known       (Harpur much of the land in the village today. The as follows: summarised Swarkestone can be distinctive characteristics of the sandstone historic and buildings, parkland gardens associated with Swarkestone the Hall former (now ruinous), and red the century. Both were developed at different times by the land The The conservation area areas has of character, unified two by single distinct estate ownership but very different in appearance; SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement fre “ak ae t te rpris unn aog rnsd, aig h Rvr Trent. River the facing Trentside, along running properties the to lane” “back former a probably was Road) (Derby A514 The buildings. of alignment the and walls boundary stone of remains the in seen be can others of lines ghosted the and use in still are several which of River, the to ran tracks access small of series a strips, the Between Road). (Derby road of series a as out laid was village the when origins, medieval on based is form This Trent. the to down runs that route access an on sit or Trent the face either Swarkestone within properties all that notable is It road. main the away from face most buildings busy and pattern, settlement historic the the dominated has that river the is it contrast in village, the by areas friendly pedestrian calm, two ofcharacter the to tends dominate now road the of its presence althoughthe However, A514. into bridge, split the effectively The of road. now trunk west is the along and settlement traffic east in increase both the with river, dramatically changed the has fronted character that village linear a Originally or later rebuilt some building Farm. Hall and Old House They as such Alley buildings, Bowl splendid as well area. as gardens, conservation walled large the created and of Hall original part the eastern enlarged the in occupation) own their in land (i.e. demesne their on activity their of most focussed have to appear They 1980s. until the land the of most of ownership retained estate Calke The Calke. to attention primarily their turned and 1679 in branch Richard Calke the by by inherited were bought estates family the was all until land their until Manor the family, Harpur seatof the principal the was Swarkestone on time this From 1557. in Harpur of lords were family Rolleston The farming. dominatedby hasthus the been and village agriculture further much was river the Stanton to that nearer away, show records founded of was flooding village the regular When by posed property. risk the outweigh to sufficient function, very strategic a suggests important it interesting; is plain flood the in established be should settlement a That 19 effectthe in this historicizing for of occupation Viking the after added vicar local the until “e”) the (without land Swarkeston spelt was It 874. in Repton nearby the occupied probably who Swerkir, Danish name the in personal origins has Swarkestone name actual The or monument. “lows” ancient scheduled mounds, a burial The are and Lowes” “Swarkestone name the of onwards. source the are A514 Age the of north just Bronze “tumuli” the from area this in occupation 16 the in bridge the for name alternative an still was Bridge Cordy 1204. in Cordy” de which “ponte the bridge, as recorded the first was with association by documented well are settlement the of origins The Development Historic Analysis Area Conservation area. conservation the of boundary the with coincide necessarily not need potential archaeological of area an Consequently, shift. may focus their develop, and grow settlements as centuries, the Over “back lane”. This pattern is very typical of the medieval development of river frontages, river of development medieval the of typical very is pattern This lane”. “back 16 (late pasture town the to beyond then and Hall, the then Lane, Church to led Trentside, behind directly river, the with parallel running footpath The

- by

long narrow “strips” between the river foreshore and the upper the and foreshore river the between “strips” narrow long - Bridge. In any event, the soils of the flood plain are very rich forrichvery are plain flood the of soils the event, anyIn Bridge. th

etr. hr i, oee, rhelgcl vdne for evidence archaeological however, is, There century. th

century. century.

century), and formed another formed and century),

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

Trent. Trent. The stretch between - century red brick cottages. Its on

- th Church of St James St Church of

century century Wilden Ferry at nearby Shardlow had

4 th

century.

th in by the “pounder”. in by - century, development was entirely focussed upon the west side of Woodshop

th century. was timberIt Lane which from destroyed aWoodshop river wharf the old on

th The The unusual orientation of the “Crows Nest”, which faces north east, appears to suggest a former the point to access river of alocation formeror here, even bridge. the Perhaps this is why an arm of the Derby / Sandiacre and Trent / Mersey canals was designed to join the The western portion of the settlement, to the century development, which has west been built largely of on greenfield sites. the Until the latter part bridge is dominated by of the 20 20 for space. jostle Lane. buildings appear to Here the whole of the area of land that falls within the conservation area. The area bridge has a distinct estate character, east dominated by late 19 of the earlier history is clear from the pattern of land boundaries have subdivision, been removed in places, in which association with agricultural improvements and survives, although the in the 20 fields the creation of larger by a “pound” or “pinfold” to the north, which has disappeared. This was a place where straying temporarily penned livestock could be In 1632 the Harpur family finally bought out the last freeholder and had single ownership of Kings Newton. It is not an obvious focal point of the settlement although several layout footpaths converge today, on it and it medieval Manor House is stood closer to likely the church. The church was also served that the original the access routes approaching the River, and there was crossing the evidence Trent at of Church Lane, the a which bottom may of ford have the early route formed across the flood plain to from Swarkestone, was leased by a difficult man who tried to control access. In time (from 1777) the Trent and Mersey transport Canal infrastructure for displaced the movement the of goods. river It in runs the north Swarkestone.kilometre to of parallel providing to the the Trent half much a needed There is no obvious heart to the village, or central green. The church was placed on one of navigation. By the second half of the 17 become the head of the Trent Navigation, and there were short stretches of the river that were navigable upstream of here. Under the Paget was Trent authorised to make the river navigable to Burton Navigation Act of 1699 Sir William Shardlow and Burton had difficult shallows and the lock at King’s Mills, just downstream 19 flood. arches a the during lodgedin river 1795, byagainst becoming bridge The Trent at Swarkestone was not made navigable until the Trent Navigation Act of 1699 was passed. Further downriver, it was already navigable between Nottingham and Hull. The more the river reduced in size towards its source, the more difficult it was to extend the particularly where the river was navigable and provided a source of income, although extent to which the this was the case has not been thoroughly researched. The river had two identifiable on either launchof side points the bridge, developed in thealong which wharves SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement settlement. The historic properties still still properties historic paths. and tracks The the minorbyonly accessed river, facethe of predominantly layout medieval the settlement. no to being change been has there little there very land, because also the but level, of in changes lie partly the is This of village. because the to more much is there that realising without through passing of danger in is one and unobserved largely remain history early and core historic Its Swarkestone. of village the of seen be can that all is this concerned, is passerby the as common were far as However, they time. similar share a at built or that designed buildings suggesting features, both architectural sits and which east, pinchpoint the important an to create These road. the facing Hotel squarely Farm Bridge traveller, the and engages and south faces which west, the into settlement; the coach its and bridge Arms Harpur and Crewe to entrance the the frame over which down drops buildings, two historic between passing Swarkestone, road The River. the brick of ribbon a across by dominated bridge, the route of side east the meandering on long a provides settlement small the bridgeof views distant long are there as anticipation of sense a and long floodplain mile ¾ the along therefore, 18 late causeway the medieval and the both incorporates it and landmark major a is Bridge Swarkestone Approaches the during place taken has development of majority 20 ofthe part latter the then, Since map). parish (see 1844 alignment similar a on buildings earlier replaced have to appear houses Many 19 estate. late the during place took rebuilding of spate large A the following importancelatethe 18 in Harpur Arms and Crewe the and canal of the construction in grew probably Lane Woodshop on. later point this at Trent Gatepiersto the former Swarkestone Hall

century bridge over the River Trent. The approach from the south, south, the from approach The Trent. River the over bridge century th

century. century.

- house to the to house

at f h cnevto ae i aog a along is area east. track tothe further farm simple conservation the of part this to entrance current The an drive. to access link direct a has longer no entrance a by A514 gated This land. main agricultural of expanse large the from separated are buildings the as all is that and Lane, Church of end the at Hall, Swarkestone former the to gatepiers grandiose of pair a by suggested is south the to Derbysettlement a of presence the from approaching north, the From

Crewe and HarpurCrewe and Arms (top) and th

century by the Harpur the by century itsCoach House (bottom) - built cottages that front the the front that cottages built th

century. century.

Crewe Crewe

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement plain plain -

Gateway to Woodshop Lane Lane Woodshop to Gateway at the junction with Barrow Lane Barrow with junction at the

6 built settlement, the vast majority of the boundary - lined access tracks running from the A514 to the river - Bridge and the small gritstone quarries that characterise -

by - routing of the - coursed coursed rubble gritstone, of large blocks, with mortared joints - century century creation. All the early plans and OS maps clearly show

th lined entrance A514.from the This is the only public road surviving - key, hedge -

medieval practice). These are found throughout the conservation area and suggest that many of the walls are either of ageconsiderable or that they were this rebuilt using tends to stone immediately to hand (i.e. exceptions such as the brick walls recycled within the walled gardens at the Old Hall site. from This early existing walls). There are only a few This This would have all been brought into the village as the rich alluvial soils of the flood would not have generated any building stone. Most interestingly, although the predominant character of the village is that of a brick walls are built from roughly and small pieces of stone added for structural strength (in many cases this may be a in local building details is intricately linked with local identity. The appendix lists the special and typical traditional building details encountered of the local details. vernacular by provide snapshot photographs, to supplemented a within the conservation area, and is Given its proximity to Stanton much of that settlement, it is no surprise to find stone used extensively in Swarkestone. Building Materials and Details Local geology and availability appearance of Swarkestone. The range of of materials and the way in building which they were used materials directly influenced the form and Swarkestone can be reached from Barrow upon Trent via Barrow Lane (the A5132), which meets the A514 north of the Crewe and Harpur Barrow Arms. At Lane the junction and of Lowes Lane, Woodshop approaching Lane from is the an east. old particularly distinct. buildings The are set apart within long gardens narrow and not do have Approaching post from office, orientated the A5132. a presence strong on the to west, face the visitors village entrance is not frontage. Church Lane leads to an access road running along the bank of the Trent (named Trentside), which is a 20 that the river bank was much closer to the frontages of the cottages. The river improve defences. up to the flood dredged and built in 1936 bank was frontage, although never formally described as such. The cottages on the river frontage are now approached from narrow, low Church Lane, which has a now in what were a series of wall would have Woodshop Lane, which is the only road in taken Swarkestone that can travellers really village street. The A514 formed be more of a called along a “back lane” to the properties on the river was was once a secondary route from the Derby, main and original Lowes Lane, route which is the being northern arm of along the crossroads Woodshop Lane and Barrow Lane, at to the west side the of the junction settlement. This route of The The lack of presence of the may be village explained today by the re main road through the village. The A514 SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement a icroae it te rc rbid. oee, vdne s oe iie in limited more is evidence However, rebuilds. a been have to appears brick there and walls stone of fragments only the are there as Swarkestone into incorporated was Ticknall, and 18 Stantonthe before buildings the of as many for used was stone such that evidence is there villages, local other like just and View) Trent (e.g. buildings brick later of base the at seen be also can buildings) earlier of remains (the footings Stone 17 this of House. Woodshop The and Nook Cottage, Trent Trentside Farm, remnants Farm, Hollies are There plinth. stone a with sometimes brick, in built been have to appear farms and cottages the of many c1650 From timber timber and Road Derby on Cottage timber of remnants are There region. this with associated construction box incorporates This Nest. Crows is externally visible now is framing timber of Remnants and character. colour mellow a to time over weathered has This stone. coursed regular more the much from church to the of cling stilltower west the fragments like built were small House Alley Bowl some and Farm Hall and Old masonry. mix weathered aggregate and lime a in rendered partly and time one window at also was Hall Old The and sandstone. of blocks large from quoins shaped surrounds door dressed with rubblestone, incorporate Barn) Thythe and chapel 16 ruinous (the buildings these of parts oldest The     are: stonebuildings earliest the bridge, the to addition In church. the opposite located being status increased its of expression an as possibly stone with faced 19 the of half first the from dates which House), (Church exception one with age, some of are buildings stone The pattern. hen” those as (such half a elsewhere be to appear copings copings later flat The boundaries). field broad early defining with site Hall patterns Old of the variety at copings a triangular in copings with finished are walls Boundary Bridge. historic Swarkestone used main monument, the for material alsoIt the was conservation the together. outsidepattern street historic Close, the of threads Kiln various the ties Brick now however, Stone, at area. 1580s the from comes making brick local brick of tradition local earlier an of part is brickwork some 17th century brickwork) but these were largely displaced in the late 18th and 19th and 18th brick. by century late the in displaced largely were these but brickwork) century 17th some timber and gritstone from built were therefore, buildings, surviving earliest The earliestthe or cottages. lessmore obliterated which programme, rebuilding large

at o te hrh f t James, St. of Church the Chapel the particularly of parts Barn Thythe House Alley Bowl Farm Hall Old - framed cottages would have been built with stonefooting. been a cottages have would framed

framing survive in several buildings, but the only building where timber where building only the but buildings, several in survive framing th

century and was simply simply was and century

- framing and a cruck a and framing 7

th - century Old Hall, the Harpur family Harpur the Hall, Old century making in Swarkestone. Evidence of Evidence Swarkestone. in making

etr bikok ht uvv at survive that brickwork century Church House, Church coursed stone - frame within Hollies Farm. Most Farm. Hollies within frame

– -

round and “cock and “cock and round h eris ae the are earliest the - - framing, a type of type a framing, framing within Ivy within framing th

- century and and century frame (with frame

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

century brick in doors, and - sheds.

- century century on the th

circular arches, plain - and early 19

th century century (e.g. Crewe and Harpur Arms,

house house at the Crewe and Harpur Arms). It required - century in Swarkestone. These are not limited to one

th house behind the Crewehouse Arms. Harpur and

circular arch. This was a more formal classically inspired detail. There are century (e.g. the coach -

Crewe estate had a brickworks in nearby Ticknall, which provided a reliable ends, ends, the same rounded bricks around cart openings and taking th - - shaped stone ashlar lintels (see photographs of building details in the appendix). details of building photographs ashlar (see lintels stone shaped - Crewe Crewe estate in the late 19 - the incised and plain stone wedge lintel with dropped keystone, generally found from 1800 and through the first half of the Bridge Farm 19 Hotel, Woodshop House and Church House). In the 19 the 18 bricks together. bricklayer “rub” athe to special skilled bricks and the semi at coach the of this examples (e.g. The Cottage and workers Woodshop cottages had a single Cottage, header course (e.g. Hall Woodshop Farm Cottages and Trentside Lane). Cottages). This is most commonly The used in association with casement most or horizontally basic sashes sliding the gauged brick arch (with a flat soffit) used generally on more substantial houses in the segmental brick arch is generally found in the 18 smaller domestic buildings. This was the simplest and easiest was to accommodated wholly construct in as the taper mortar joints, without the need to cut the bricks This This is in order to building. introduce There variety are and examples enhance of the herringbone or corbelled pattern brickwork decorative in quality the of gable the of the dormer laid in a gable verges are corbelledtypically in brickwork as either one simple band (which can continue along the eaves or at the base of of which aresome “dentilled” a chimney stack) or 3 corbelled bands, “gablets” are incorporated into roofs above windows that sit below the eaves line.

   and wedge  Although there are not many historic buildings, there are aperture treatments; segmental brick arches, gauged brick still lintels, semi a wide variety of window   header bricks are laid diagonally to produce a “sawtooth” pattern (e.g.Farm Hall Cottages). a produce“sawtooth” to laidheader are diagonally bricks There are also a number of distinctive decorative building Harpur details that were used by the adetails: but to familydesign of source, with a consistent deep colour.orange source, with a consistent Brickwork is used for structural details such as corbelled courses eaves, of some plain brick with projecting several one above alternate the other header or brick “dentilled” projects brickwork, to where create each a decorative effect. In some other cases the treatment, treatment, and the model farm at Old Hall Farm, where brick is used to provide practical but stylish building details. These include rounded moulded arises to oval ventilation holes in the gable andthe haybarns in cow “breathers” for brick of ventilation patterns unusual The Harpur Brick is now the dominant material in the village and it has been used to great effect decorative in many of the buildings. Some of the most notable are incorporate the an estate exuberant cottages, which use of brick to create interesting shapes of roofline and eaves SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement not found in the new Staffordshire blue clay tiles being manufactured today, so it is equally is it so today, manufactured being tiles clay blue Staffordshire new the in found not are which colour, in fluctuations subtle incorporate also tiles clay blue handmade Original Side). Cottageat Trent Cobster and Cottage 19 the on Swarkestone at machine of instances several also are There available. readily Hand tradition. building local this preserve to try to important is it 1876), of roof church pitched the and Farm Hall Old of slope roof rear the on (as therefore survive, tiles clay red made hand Where buildings. new on used never almost re was building a when retained rarely were they “imported” that so Staffordshire, new from tiles clay the blue of durability the lacked they hand the with problem The tiles. are clay red local tiles the replace to clay tended they Blue 1777. 18 late the from and durable extremely in opened was canal Mersey and Trent the of stretch the local the after into area the imported easily on being village, predominate the of roofs tiles clay blue Staffordshire (e.g. buildings of formal Road). andDerby Harpur Arms, Crewe The largest the examples for reserved several sashes are sliding vertical are and sashes sliding There horizontal transom. and mullion a with subdivided with some casements frames, chamfered are windows the of majority The substantial more the Swarkestone in stonecills. dressed have farmhouses houses and Generally, Lane). Church Room, Reading Side The Trent Farm, and Hollies (e.g. weathering effective more a as years, recent in usually cills, on used been have tiles clay Blue Lane). and Woodshop Cottage, Woodshop Cottages and Cottage The Trentside 3 and 2 the Nos. (e.g on brickwork relying the used, of properties normally weathering not simple were cills stone arches, brick the with combination In Farm, Hollies (e.g. practice Lane). Post Old Ye Woodshop and Office, Side Trent this of instances occasional are There required. support the providing lintel, timber simple a by supplemented sometimes window, the over carried be wall the as lintel brick a for need no often was there floor uppermost the On   Both the Crewe and Harpur Arms and Bridge Farm Hotel have graduated Burlington slate Burlington graduated have Hotel Farm Bridge and Arms Harpur and Crewe the Both theseexamples. topreserve important

the chamfered and moulded stone lintels, generally found during the second half of half second HollybushCottage) (e.g. century 19th the the during found generally lintels, stone moulded and chamfered the Farm) Hall toOld extension the brick and Gables The stonelintels (e.g. square plain and popular railways. canalsof the and introduction the with toobtain becameeasier stone and fashionable less were gauged) and (segmental lintels - made red clay tiles was that was tiles clay red made th

century cottages (Hall Farm Cottages at Church Lane and Trentand Lane Church Cottages at Farm (Hall cottages century - ae e ca tls r sil auatrd oa ad are and today manufactured still are tiles clay red made

th -

ofd and roofed century on century 9

Harpur CreweHarpur estate casementwindow - made red clay tiles being used being tiles clay red made with with chamfered frames

- plate could could plate

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

range and more - View of View Old Hall Farm Old Hall Bowl Alley House Bowl Alley Steep roof pitches at at pitches roof Steep

century, century, possibly by canal, and are

century buildings, typically 50 buildings, degrees. century

towards the Landmark Trust’s Bowl Bowl Alley House the Landmarktowards Trust’s from Barrow Lane looking west towards the junction with Woodshop Lane. This view of the former post red brick 19th century to housing the east, strung out along the northern bank of the river, with the broad expanse of the river dominating the scene across the fields and hedgerows from the A514 south from the causeway and bridge, the long views of the Crewe and Harpur Arms, with its beautiful graduated slate roof in parapet horizontal profile above the bridge from the causeway and bridge, oblique views of the and 19

    and few interruptions. The best defining views from outside the conservation area boundary are: The conservation area is of expansive a with flat a and few open relationships landmarks between nature or buildings. The and focal main views exception points, is are, vantage or where therefore, there restricted point is either some to height from the and conservation the more area is characterised intimate by causeway many open spaces with and long views across the humped fields bridge over the river. Overall the Every conservation area has a multitude expansive, of changing too views, numerous both to close cover comprehensively section describes in a selection a of general and document more specific views of that are this likely to themselves impress scope. most strongly This in a visitor’s experience of the conservation viewpoints area. Some of referredthe to are document. included in the conservation area map included in this 18 Views The The roof pitches associated with clay tiles vary between a minimum of 35 degrees and a more typical pitch of 45 degrees, a requirement of the material. In Swarkestone the roof pitches of the early Hall stone Farm, buildings Derby (e.g. Road) are Old generally steeper than the valley. These slates were brought into Derbyshire from Cumbria in the 18 still quarried today. Both buildings originally also would have had sash windows. The farmhouse has, however, uPVC. original to windows its sash lost roofs, roofs, a beautiful natural material. There are relatively few examples Derbyshire, it of being more common north of this the Trent traditional slate in South SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement land, each one being farmed by the owner of the property on the river frontage. Running frontage. river the on property the of owner the of by plots farmed being thin one each long land, crofts: medieval former dividing north/south run walls boundary Stone walls. brick later are They scale. in small relatively 19 stillpredominantly but gardens, generous in spaced widely detached, low some with farms, small two and cottages estate brick red by dominated is settlement the A514, the of east the To to Trent, River the fronting village, the of A514 ofside the either part main the includes area This 1 AREA Description Area Conservation      bestviewsthe are: defining area, conservation the Within time many of the boundaries have been removed and ploughed out, probably because of because probably out, ploughed and removed been have boundaries the Over of Cottages. many Trentside time to of front track in access preserved farm is routes a these as of Another preserved Farm. other Hollies the overgrown, very one tracks, cart two of remains the are A514, current the to extended originally which plots, long these to parallel

the view from the bottom of Church Lane looking towards Swarkestone Bridge Bridge Swarkestone lookingtowards Lane bottomof Church the from view the buildings of a pair distinctive churchyard, of the side Roomsthesouthern Reading at former the House Church and of view the point not a publicvantage although Hall Farm, ofOld fromgrounds the church the of views churchyard the to gates entrance the at trees yew by framed west, the to footpaths the from looking churchyard and tower church century 14th the of views the this view in landmark important most the and bridge the sight of line direct in is Trent the over although construction, views, these in timber distinctive its of because point a focal is Nest strong Crows The unfold. river the of views and west the to buildings historic The Lane. Woodshop along south looking views picturesque the strategic apparent its hence Gate”, “The alehouse, small a (LowesLane) travellers,north ofthe from catcheye or the toallure appearance as been have built may It village. the originally to entrance the at point focal a pavement corner, the the of turns back the and at sits that building pivotal a is this as important, is office

century although the remains of earlier stone buildings can be seen in seen be can buildings stone earlier of remains the although century

- key ancillary farm buildings. The buildings fronting the river are river the fronting buildings The buildings. farm ancillary key - frame 11

Viewpast TheCrow’s Nest theto River Trent

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

west). west). - defined -

Woodshop Lane looking towards looking Lane Woodshop The Cottage and Woodshop Cottage Woodshop and Cottage The

(now (now

12 Crewe Crewe estate. There must have been a sawmill – -

key agricultural or -

cross cross the central and eastern area (running mainly east - (now (now Watermeadows, jettied jettied wharf to the south of Crows Nest, but it was shortlived.

–

century, century, probably powered by a stationary steam engine, but its

trade uses. The modern house names, - near the river Meadows Farm, Cottage) Cottage and Woodshop Trent View and The at the junction with Barrow Lane Woodshop House, Ye Old Post Office and and Roches), The

however, have little connection with this former character. These buildings are generally inward looking and enclose private yards. Neither of  The area historically had low timber  large wooded estates such as the Harpur here during the 19 unknown. is whereabouts The western part of the settlement has two main clusters of historic buildings grouped to Woodshop Lane; on the west the river with the Trent and Mersey canal, but the only evidence the of conservation area is this the opposing walls canal at the linkbottom of Woodshop Lane within and walls on Barrow Lane (formerly bridge parapets). The “cut” development of was a timber formed in association with the The name Woodshop Lane and the use of the wharf for the movement of sawn timber are the only surviving associations now with this industry, which was once a common trade for overlooks overlooks the river and this important aspect and its strategic association with the bridge is enhanced by the lawn forming the northern bank of the river, immediately to the south of Lane. Woodshop Early Ordnance Survey plans illustrate a cutting running to the west of the pub, connecting inn, and had plenty of stabling and accommodation for coaches, most of which survives to the north, although two ranges of buildings have been demolished. replaced a It previous inn is on the thought southern river to bank. The buildings have are unified by the use of red/orange brickwork although the Stableblock is much more ambitious and classical in its design, incorporating a symmetrical frontage with low wings and a triangular pediment with stone dressings, and is much more typical of buildings within landed estates. The inn A number of footpaths criss are when heavily floods. the river they still These as important are used of west a the wasArms built by as coaching A514,To the the estate the Crewe Harpur and It is clear from the earliest maps that the banks of the Trent were much less well than today, as there was no river frontage access road called Trentside. Instead, the access tracks provided connections to the “back lane” (A514). The river banks also contained a wharf or a shallow area for launching boats to bank. a backfilledgrassy small as the east of the bridge, now laid out and aggregated land ownership or combined tenancies under the estate. Four of these access trackways are still evident on the first edition OS map Church Lane. (1880) between Derby Road and SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement Thythe Barn (to a private owner). The northern half of this area is a large open field, with field, open large a is area this of half northern The owner). private a (to Barn Thythe sold been have areas two although a Harpur offer the of ownership the in still is that land incorporates 2 Area of Most they dressings, stone occasional and are coping walls and boundary place. of the mysterious and history tantalising senseofthe height incorporating the construction, coursing, area, in this in changes in their changes plain With flood dominant. and the distinctive of particularly landscape open largely the In agricultural steel with extended massively been has operation. farming large a modern in buildings farmyard the but identity brick distinct The setting. landscape and buildings ancillary gardens, its Hall, semi Swarkestone many of remains and the buildings forming buildings historic and major walls ruinous three of comprised is 2 Area of remainder The churchyard. the east of Vicarage north tothe was tothe the then, entrance Before ca.1876. rebuilt were walls churchyard and church the when introduced was which churchyard, the the of part early of an south accesslane tothe now isseparate a Vicarage of the evidence only The settlement. been have to appears and farmbuildings, associated and Vicarage the of site the formerly was which field, walled small a is chapel and church the of east the To the by available made canal. of the proximity centuries, probably 19th were and 18th which century late the 14th from dating its for gravestones slate numerous and cross churchyard distinctive is churchyard The particularly Robinson. J. 12th F. of architect is by church The 1876 in rebuilt was much although origin, century century. 16th the in family Harpur the by built was chapel The south. the to attached chapel family private small its and James St. of church the is 2 Area of west the To pleasure and gardens former the Church James’s HallandSt Old the serving grounds Farm, Hall Old current the Hall, Old the of settlement the within buildings surviving oldest the includes area This 2 AREA an village. medieval ofthe land and of notpart roadside area onto encroachment Barrow late a along were these built that suggests plots 1844 of irregular map earliest small the and on Lane, cottages small of number a also were There a has which housing, modern by “infilled” now is area. the character of the on conservation effect neutral groups two these between area The 19 the in labourers housed detailed. They notlavishly buildings, Harpur low been have to seem but status, high had groups these destruction of the Hall in the mid 18 the mid the despite in Hall character the parklandof destruction a has still It memory. living within ploughed been not has Harpur the by pasture “parkland” as used is It sycamore. occasional the - rw ett bt ehp prpea t ter neet ad etil budget certainly and interests their to peripheral perhaps but estate Crewe

- th

Bowl Alley House (to the Landmark Trust) and the and Trust) Landmark the (to House Alley Bowl

century. It is described on various historic maps as as maps historic various on described is It century. 13 - ul Mdl am f 80 lo a is own its has also 1860 of Farm Model built

Church of Church StJames, Harpur Crewe Chapel

key working buildings, built by the the by built buildings, working key

century. -

Crewe estate and estate Crewe - Crewe estate, Crewe –

the site site the

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement -

domed domed lead -

Bowl Bowl Alley House. It has

Top left: View of Bowl Alley House from the the from House Bowl Alley of View left: Top church House Alley Bowl at lawn The right: Top House Alley Bowl Left: meadow is “Thythe Barn”, a large early 17th century stone building stone with plinth and a small chamfered windows. chamfered In fact, there is little to indicate that it was On On the southern edge of this parkland

14 century century before the family moved to Calke Abbey. Although the

th light light windows that shimmer in the reflected sun. The enclosed first - level level leaded - sometime sometime in the 17 precise date of construction is not documented, it probably dates from caused some the confusion as it was 1620s. rather a grand It ancillary building to the has original Hall, if that shows shows all the layers and veining within the sedimentary sandstone. It was probably chosen for this decorative effect and was not a local stone. The same walls with triangular copings that surround the rest of the gardens also enclose the walled garden to the south of Bowl games. probablywas for used space outdoor Alley This House. The Harpur family built the other principal building within this area, Old Hall Farm, valley. valley. This central section also has a battlemented parapet to the roof and a small ground floor covered seating area, which columns, all enabling different levels of “prospect” across the countryside. has Underneath is a been created as cellar for a storage. The central loggia part is with framed by classical roofs. a pair The Tuscan stonework of is towers particularly beautiful, with as ogee it has weathered to a soft patina which built in 1632 for John Harpur, and was most likely built as a banqueting and bowling house. It seems rather isolated from landmark in views from Derby Road, although its the main aspect is south facing, looking across rest of the gardens the river and the Trent valley. On this side but the building is richly endowed with a long series is a particularly prominent of high floor room provided a good vantage point for the lawn below and long views across the originally either a athreshing barn and or stableblock is more likely have to contained some form of accommodation. To the east is a very unusual building acquired various names over probably because its original purpose was not known, although documents show that it was the years (Stand, Pavilion, Balcony, Banqueting House) footpath, which starts at a stile further along Church at furtherLane. a Church whichstile starts footpath, along “The Cuttle”. Straight through this area runs the rough limestone Hall, approach breaking drive up to the the parkland into two halves. from An the earlier gatepiers drive in once the crossed far this north area western corner, and is close to the line of a public SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement lcs f adtn, ad n w cuss o tinua scin ih wahrn t the to weathering a with section triangular of window, courses, two former in laid a sandstone, of suggesting large blocks are These stone, survive. still copings the original dressed the of within number large of intertwined A doorway. are or areas gateway trees occasional of are trunks and There roots masonry. twisted and walls Ivy these time. long of a many such for survive to walls these helped has masonry lichen of blocks large comprises walling the of body The rubble. to places in reduced now although thick, metre 1 almost and high metres 2 still over originally These walls, garden early of gardens. series impressive walled an form these of one of perimeter southern the defined Hall Old the of wall north The gardens. walled of series a were Hall Old the of west and north the To hedge another of oak of trees. standson row a which earthwork raised and line the follows and south runs then boundary eastern area 16 late the of characteristic being bricks the of quality and dimensions (the bond irregular very a with wide are walls brick solid The weathering. moulded and The plinth brick low a piers, Hall. brick intermittent the with quality, fine surrounding a of is walls brickwork stone the on used those as copings triangular same the are survive that copings stone The Hall. Kedleston at kennels brick a of example later but similar another is There and house. the considerable from distance some been set be to have tended structures these would hounds barking from noise of Tithe volume 1844 the The on (cited Schedule). Kennel Dog a was This compound. open an enclosed walls that the illustrate these survive, walls two of sections only Although metres. 22 by metres 15 approximately measuring enclosure, walled brick unusual an of remains the are there Trent. Here the towards south runs area conservation the of boundary the east, due flows this north The gatepiers 1844 or the on door buildings square dovecote. the suggest possible for locations map parish a small, Two for Hall. Old ashlar the of and north wall the surrounds within surviving window stone dressed of fragments are 16 late the in fashionable very were Gatehouses 1620s. the in dovecote a and gatehouse a had have to documented is It imagination. the awaken to masonry dressed of areas and flues fireplaces, with features, sufficient have they but walls, impressive an quite is It deep. room building one only small, quite is it although purpose, its was original. “cock a using invariably is this repair, a of part as replaced, been have copings these Where soffit. Left:Old Hall Farm Right: Coriscan Pine at Old HallFarm - and

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- 3 - e” ye f oig wt te nvtbe os f h mnmna sae f the of scale monumental the of loss inevitable the with coping, of type hen” east boundary of the conservation area follows a small ditch and stream. Where stream. and ditch small a follows area conservation the of boundary east - storeys with 3 large gables facing the front with chamfered mullioned windows. mullioned gables chamfered large the facing with storeys 3 front with - covered rubble sandstone with fine joints. The quality of the original the of quality The joints. fine with sandstone rubble covered 15

or 17 or th

and early 17 early and

century). The conservation The century). s e n i p n a c Ticknall. i throughout s of r o pairs C planted the estate that time same the at 1876 Harpur in estate Crewe the were by these planted that likely quite is It pines. Corsican large two are Farm Hall Old of lawn front the On now a series of ruinous ruinous of series a is now Hall Old original The - th ld oig soften copings clad

centuries. There centuries. - lined ditch ditch lined

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

century century in origin. This treatment is

18th century kitchen garden. The use th -

16 shaped shaped coping stones. This kind of detail can be seen at other - Remains of early brickwork in walls associated with the former Old Hall Old former the with associated walls in brickwork of early Remains

century, and these walls could also be late 16

th noticeable, and now provides immediate views of the church. noticeable, and now provides The southern conservation area boundary follows the river’s edge. The water meadow is a long thin band running parallel with the river and separated from the house and its garden The The original boundary wall and walled churchyard garden is enclosure brick, between although the this hall has site now and been the reduced in height so that it is hardly in recent years as a result of theft. At the base of the walls is a brick plinth with a moulded course of brickwork. Along the northern wall are three later brick buttresses. In fact the brickwork is identical to that used at the dog kennels (a walled enclosure running along the north eastern perimeter of the conservation area). In the have relied 17th on the properties century of the south the and east facing walls bricks to convey would heat, and there heating or of fruit. method ripening to keep the chill no evidence flues off is of any walled enclosure nearest the hall. The use of bricks was customary for a kitchen garden in the 18th century, but there are few examples of brickwork in this region of earlier and origin the scale of the garden is very large for here a of pre 17th or even 16th century brickwork is very early. high in places, The but have walls still lost their are original copings, over much material having 2 been removed metres ploughed). The garden nearest the church comprises two walled enclosures. These have brick walls to the north, west and south and a roughly central wall stone dividing the space into two large segments. The east wall is stone and forms the perimeter east. of It seems likely that the brick walled enclosure the was slightly later in date than the stone enclosed garden to the used used for the majority of the stone walls, where the copings survive. was a larger To walled garden, the also surrounded west on all of four sides this by tall stone walls. Although no longer visible, this space appears to have been laid out as a formal garden at some time, with a central (photographs of the layout circular were taken by the farmer and path others when this space was last and radiating paths dividing the space into quarters Although Although the walled gardens are now in agricultural use, the scale of these spaces and the structures nevertheless conveys a sense of the historic importance of the site. The walled garden nearest the Old Hall was built from wide walls of coursed stone with a large double stone capping of wedge important walled garden sites (such as Hardwick Hall), which have been dated to the 16 late These These walled garden spaces have lost their unified formality but this has been replaced with of intrigue. and sense an crumbling of dignity air SwarkestoneLullington ConservationConservation AreaArea CharacterCharacter StatementStatement andlost control. planning additional bewithout will listed Lane not are that Church buildings in survive currently along that patterns Lane. window cottages historic Woodshop along terraced several and the river, the are front to alterations returning by most affected areas The materials. roofing traditional of loss the of instances no and patterns door or window of terms In their removal. for desire a to leading land, the of use active more or development for pressure future be could there as redundant, to use become likely have they Where survive. are in these still planning boundaries, If for need permission. the without fragments or sections be in can removed walls present, At getting even stolen. are materials some neglect; and concrete) been in replaced have (some copings damage, are of loss localised These from the suffering of area. character conservation the of define much that potential walls the is boundary village brick the of character the infrastructure to threat main The same the avoid to and alterations damaging the future. the mistakes in of some reverse to the authority and designers planning householders, help will these identifying that hoped is It character. this diluted have cumulatively or individually either that losses or alterations suffered has village the where instances identify also can we area conservation the of character the defining In as far permission. planning by for need the achieved be this could so development, harmful further against safeguard a as place Thein put 1977. was inn designation area conservation the of designation the predate below described undesirable changes the of some Swarkestone, At character. special that their way strengthens a and in reflects time over of develop should settlements face that rather the but prevented, in be should scene” local “cherished the conserve development that notintended It was World War. Second the following change accelerated to need the of acknowledgement an as 1967, Act Amenities Civic the by introduced was areas conservation of concept The Damage and Loss regularly area The is eroding. embankment the floods and 1880. as ago long as defence flood a as appears which bund, large a by earlier properties most of the new houses are much larger in scale and this change in in change this and scale in larger much are houses new the of most a properties had earlier have housesthe with comparison detached by although new area, conservation the Individually, of character the on effect land. neutral of plots available most in filled has development New loss of building detail building of loss

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the stone and and stone the has taken place largely to the west of Derby Road and the bridge and bridge the and Road Derby of west the to largely place taken has

, the village has fared quite well, with little loss of historic historic of loss little with well, quite fared has village the ,

Concrete Concrete copings,Woodshop Lane

hr i a ik ht the that risk a is There os f h historic the of loss

LullingtonSwarkestone Conservation Conservation Area CharacterArea Character Statement Statement

pointing. -

Buildings Buildings such as Old Hall Farm and the former Old Hall and require ongoing maintenance, and its are inevitably a great drain stone on resources because of their walled enclosures extent. The general condition of these buildings is poor. Even the main widespread re farmhouse needs character has cumulatively resulted in a loss of historic identity. of historic resulted in character cumulatively has a loss Condition

Y 2

E D

Designated : 23rd November 1977 November : 23rd Designated Swarkestone Conservation Area Swarkestone

R U H C

E D I S

T N E R T

400 1

A514

O W metres Character Areas boundary Conservation Area boundary Character Area Open spaces views Principal points landmarks and focal Architectural buildings Listed the to Other positively buildings which contribute character or historic architectural special Monuments Scheduled Ancient Heritage the English on register and gardens Parks potential of high archaeological Areas

0 200

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. South Derbyshire District Council. LA 100019461.2014 LA Council. District Derbyshire South proceedings. civil or prosecution to lead may and copyright Crown infringes reproduction Unauthorised This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Oce Crown copyright. Crown Oce Stationery Majesty's Her of Controller the of behalf on Survey Ordnance of permission the with material Survey Ordnance from reproduced is map This Appendix

Distinctive Architectural Details

SWARKESTONE

Checklist of details

The details in this appendix illustrate those building elements that help to define Swarkestone’s particular character. These may be common everyday vernacular details found repeatedly throughout the conservation area or may be more exceptional, consciously designed features.

This appendix may prove useful in providing inspiration for new development, whether traditional or contemporary, if used with care. Paradoxically, the outstanding architectural details of a conservation area may not be the ones that are most typical of the area. They often belong to the important key buildings of a village and may look out of place on smaller buildings in subordinate locations. The majority of buildings in the conservation areas of South Derbyshire are plainly and simply detailed.

Boundary treatments  Large blocks of mortared rubblestone, often constructed with small slips of stone, a form of galleting, used for structural rather than decorative reasons  Old red brick walls made of long, thin handmade bricks (The Old Hall kitchen garden)  Stone copings: - triangular two-tier dressed ashlar copings - large flat slabs of stone - “cock-and-hen” stones

Chimney stacks and pots  Heavily corbelled brick stacks, with oversailing courses in red or blue brick

Doors  Panelled and boarded doors

Lintels and cills  Segmental brick arches  Timber first-floor lintels  Shaped stone lintels  Stone wedge lintels, with dropped keystones  Cill details – plain brickwork (no cill), ashlar stone & blue brick or blue tiles

Roof types and details  Eaves level dormers or “gablets”, expressed with decorative brickwork: herringbone or corbelled, or a combination of both  Graduated Burlington slate roofs  Welsh slate  Staffordshire blue clay tiled roofs, some with sections of beaver-tail tiles, occasional handmade red clay tiles

Walls  “Sawtooth” or “dentilled” brick eaves  corbelled brick verges: - plain single or multiple courses of corbelled brick - “dentilled” and corbelled  use of earlier rubblestone incorporated into later brick buildings  stone plinths  large blocks of dressed gritstone ashlar  Timber-frame (box-frame) - Crows Nest Checklist of details cont’d

Windows  Timber multi-paned casements recessed within chamfered frames  Horizontally sliding sashes  Vertically sliding multi-paned sashes BOUNDARY TREATMENTS Walls and copings

Stone boundary walls, from top to bottom:

 Random rubble wall with chamfered ashlar coping

 Large block mortared wall with “cock and hen” coping

 Large blocks of roughly-coursed rubble gritstone, mortared with flat stone copings

 Random rubble mortared wall in pink sandstone with small pieces of stone added for structural strength Brick boundary walls (left). These walls, built from long, thin bricks, with an ashlar coping, are fragments of the probable early 17th century kennels and kitchen garden at the former Swarkestone Old Hall.

Stone walls to former gardens at the Old Hall (right). Mortared walls built of large blocks of sandstone with copings laid in two courses, of triangular section with a weathering. Shallow arched lintel over doorway with rebated stone jambs may have once been an internal door. LINTELS AND CILLS

Brick lintels Semi-circular arched lintel (left), with gauged and rubbed bricks and stone cill

Segmental arch in brick (above left) with blue brick cill. Segmental arch (above right) with Staffordshire blue clay tiled cill

Traditional window without cill (right)

Timber lintel (right)

Stone lintels Incised stone wedge lintel with keystone (left) of circa 1800.

Wedge stone ashlar lintel with raised keystone (bottom left). Late 19th century chamfered and moulded stone lintel (below right) and stone cill ROOF TYPES AND DETAILS

Graduated Burlington slate roofs (above) were imported into the area in the 18th century and used on the grander buildings.

The local vernacular roofing materials were tiles, handmade red clay tiles as used at Old Hall Farm (below left). Staffordshire blue clay tiles were easily imported into the area after the canal network expanded in the late 18th century. They are extremely durable. Bands of patterned blue clay tiles create a picturesque effect on 19th century estate buildings (below right).

Chimney stacks and pots - in the 19th century stacks became quite decorative and the multiple flues were often expressed, aping the style of Tudor chimneys (right).

Blue bricks were introduced in the later 19th century (left). The dark colour of these “Staffordshire blue” bricks (occasionally referred to as “engineering bricks”) is the result of firing clay with high iron content in a high temperature kiln. They were used in small quantities, where a harder and more durable brick was required, as oversailing courses, but they were also intended to have a decorative character. WALLS - Brickwork details

Gablets - brickwork laid in a decorative pattern; herringbone (left), corbelled (above), or a combination of both (top left)

Brick eaves details - dentilled and corbelled eaves (top left), sawtooth and corbelled eaves (bottom left)

Brick verge details - multiple corbels (above left) corbelled with a single course (above right), corbelled with two courses (bottom left) or corbelled with dentilled brickwork (bottom right) WALLS - Timber frame and stone

Timber-frame - up until the 18th century, the principal building materials for the smaller houses were timber, with panels of wattle-and- daub. The type of timber- frame used in Swarkestone is known as small box-framing - a combination of posts and short horizontal rails. The example at Crows Nest (left) is the only surviving remnant in the village. The wattle and daub was replaced with bricks, here painted white.

Stone - stone was commonly used for the footings of timber-framed buildings and rubblestone was used for small agricultural buildings. Remnants of stone buildings and stone plinths or footings of earlier buildings can sometimes be found, incorporated into later brick buildings (left and bottom left).

In the 19th century brick was commonly used to dress the window and door surrounds of rubblestone buildings, such as the example of cowsheds at Old Hall Farm (above). WINDOWS - Casement windows (left and right) Joinery From left clockwise; - two over four casements with transom and mullion, recessed within a chamfered frame

- six paned, two light casement, within a flush frame (note the double row of blue clay moulded cills, probably a later addition)

- four paned, three light casements, recessed within a projecting chamfered frame (note that there is no cill)

Sash windows (above and right) Whilst the larger houses of the late 18th century had tall, vertically sliding sash windows (as at the Crewe and Harpur Arms - right), horizontally sliding sash windows are a common feature of the Midlands, often reserved for the less important elevations or small vernacular buildings.

From above left clockwise; - six paned, two light horizontal sliding sash (also known as a “Yorkshire” sash)

- two-paned, two light horizontal sliding sash

- 12 over 12 Georgian vertically sliding sash window without horns

- 8 over 8 Georgian vertically sliding sash window