C Greenhouse A Crops T E G O R Y

5

Pesticide Safety Education Program, State University Extension 75 Seed Treatment Mark O’RourkeDuring Duringthe last the season last season which insectswhich Bayer Crop Science causedcaused the most the problem? most problem? InsectInsect Management Management in Greenhouses in Greenhouses 1. Aphids1. Aphids During Duringthe last the season last season which33% insectswhich33% insects 2. Whiteflies2. Whiteflies causedcaused the most the problem? most problem? 3. Thrips3. Thrips InsectInsect Management Management in Greenhouses in Greenhouses 1. Aphids1. Aphids 22% 22% 22% 22% Luis Cañas, Ph.Luis D. Cañas, Ph. D. 4. FungusDuring4. Fungusgnats Duringthe last gnats the season last season which33% insectswhich33% insects 2. Whiteflies2. Whiteflies Entomology 5. Mites causedcaused the most the problem? most problem? Entomology 5. Mites 11% 11% 11% 11% The Ohio StateThe University Ohio State University 3. Thrips3. Thrips InsectInsect Management Management in Greenhouses in Greenhouses 1. Aphids1. Aphids 22% 22% 22% 22% [email protected]@osu.edu 6. Mealybugs6. Mealybugs 33% 33% Luis Cañas, Ph.Luis D. Cañas, Ph. D. 4. Fungus gnats 2.4. FungusWhiteflies2. Whitefliesgnats 7. Scales7. Scales 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% Entomology 5. Mites Entomology 5. Mites 11% 11% 11% 11% 3. Thrips3. Thrips ips les r ips les nats r ca The Ohio State University 22% 22% g 22% Mites22% nats thers ca thers The Ohio State University 8. Others Aphids Th Th g S Mites O S 8. Others Aphidsus O ealybugs us ealybugs Whiteflies ng M Whiteflies ng M 6. Mealybugs Fu [email protected] 6. Mealybugs Fu [email protected] Cañas, Ph.Luis D. Cañas, Ph. D. 4. Fungus4. Fungusgnats gnats

7. Scales7. Scales 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0% EntomologyEntomology 5. Mites5. Mites 11% 11% 11% 11%

ips rips les les The Ohio StateThe University Ohio State University r nats ca nats g ca Mitesthers thers 8. Others Th Aphids g Mites Th S S O 8. Others Aphids us O us ealybugs ealybugs Whiteflies ng M 6. Mealybugs6. Mealybugs Whiteflies ng M [email protected]@osu.edu Fu Fu

7. Scales7. Scales 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0%

rips rips les les nats natsca ca g Mites g Mitesthers thers 8. Others8. Others Aphids Th Aphids Th S O S O us ealybugs us ealybugs Whiteflies ng Whiteflies M ng M Fu Fu DestructiveDestructive sampling, sampling, Gerberas, Gerberas, ThripsThrips Adults +Adults Immatures, + Immatures, whole plant whole plant

350 350 a a DestructiveConserve DestructiveConserve sampling, sampling, Gerberas, Gerberas, a ThripsThrips 300 Pylon300 Pylon a AdultsOverture +Adults OvertureImmatures, + Immatures, whole plant whole plant BYI-8330 BYI-8330 250 250 Untreated Untreated

350 200350 P <200 0.05 P < 0.05 a a DestructiveConserve DestructiveConserve sampling, sampling, Gerberas, Gerberas, 300 Pylon a a ThripsThrips 150300 Pylon150 AdultsOverture +Adults OvertureImmatures, + Immatures, whole plant whole plant BYI-8330 BYI-8330 100250 250 Untreated100 Untreated b b Average NumberThrips of Plant Per 350 Average NumberThrips of Plant Per 200350 20050 P <50 0.05 Pc < 0.05c c a c a Conserve Conserve 300 Pylon300 Pylon a a 150 150 0 Overture0 Overture BYI-8330 BYI-8330 63 63 250 250 100 Untreated100 Untreated Days Afterb TreatmentDays Afterb Treatment Average NumberThrips of Plant Per Average NumberThrips of Plant Per 200 200 50 P <50 0.05 Pc < 0.05c c c

150 150 0 0 63 63 100 100 Days Afterb TreatmentDays Afterb Treatment Average NumberThrips of Plant Per Average NumberThrips of Plant Per 50 50 c c c c

0 0 63 63 Days After TreatmentDays After Treatment

ThripsThrips management management MortalityMortality on pupae on pupae Canas, etCanas, al. unpub. et al. unpub. 40 40 Conserve Conserve Botanigard + Molt X 100 Botanigard + Molt X 100 Mortality ona pupae Mortality on pupae a Botanigard ThripsBotanigardThrips management management Untreated Untreated 30 Botanigard + Hachi Hachi 30 Botanigard + Hachi Hachi spirotetramatCanas,spirotetramat etCanas, al. unpub. et al. unpub. Tick Ex Tick Ex 80 spinosad80 spinosad 40 Kontos40 Kontos thiamethoxam thiamethoxam b b Hachi Hachi EC tolfenpyrad, EC tolfenpyrad, EC Conserve ConserveHachi Hachi EC tolfenpyrad, SC tolfenpyrad, SC b Hachi Hachi SC BotanigardHachi Hachi + SCMolt X 60 60 b 20 Botanigard20 + Molt X 100 MortalityBeauveria100 bassianaMortalityBeauveria bassianaonbc pupae on pupae bc a bc a Botanigard + SuffOilBotanigard + SuffOil F bc BotanigardThripsThrips management management Untreated UntreatedF Untreated Untreated bc bc 30 Botanigard30 + HachiBotanigard Hachi + Hachi Hachi spirotetramatCanas,spirotetramat etCanas, al. unpub. et al. unpub. 40 Tick Ex Tick Ex 80 spinosad8040 spinosadbc bc 40 Kontos40 Kontos thiamethoxam thiamethoxam b b 10 10 tolfenpyrad, EC ConserveHachi Hachi EC ConserveHachi Hachi EC tolfenpyrad, EC

Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number tolfenpyrad, SC Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number 20 tolfenpyrad, SC c b b Hachi Hachi SC NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer 20 c BotanigardHachi Hachi + SCMoltBotanigard X + Molt X 10060 NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer 10060 20 20 Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana a bc a Botanigard + SuffOil bc bc bc Botanigard + SuffOilBotanigard UntreatedF UntreatedF Untreated bc 30 BotanigardUntreated30 + HachiBotanigard Hachi + Hachi Hachi spirotetramat spirotetramatbc 0 0 0 Tick0 Ex Tick Ex 8040 spinosad8040 spinosadbc bc Kontos Kontos 56 56 thiamethoxam thiamethoxam 6 b 6 b 10 10 Hachi Hachi EC Hachi Hachi EC tolfenpyrad, EC tolfenpyrad,Days EC After Treatment Days After TreatmentDays After Treatment Days After Treatment

Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number tolfenpyrad, SC tolfenpyrad, SC Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number Hachi Hachi SC Hachi Hachi SC 20 c b b 6020 NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer 60 c 20 20 NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer Beauveria bassiana Beauveria bassiana bc bc bc bc Botanigard + SuffOilBotanigard + SuffOil F F Untreated Untreated bc bc

0 0 400 400 bc bc 56 56 6 6 10 76 10 Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension Days After Treatment Days After TreatmentDays After Treatment

Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number of Thrips Per Plant Average Number Days After Treatment 20 20 c c Average NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer NumberAverageThrips of PlantPer

0 0 0 0 56 56 6 6 Days After TreatmentDays After Treatment Days After TreatmentDays After Treatment 1 1

1 1

1 1 IPM forIPMIPM Thrips: forfor Thrips:Thrips: Some InsecticidesSomeSome InsecticidesInsecticides Available AvailableAvailable FumigationFumigationFumigation IPM for Thrips: Some Insecticides Available Fumigation for Rotationsforfor RotationsRotations Effect TradeEffectEffect Name Trade Trade Name Name Impact on ImpactBiologicalsImpact on on Biologicals Biologicals • Fumigants•• FumigantsFumigants refers to refersrefers different toto differentdifferent compounds compoundscompounds (each row (eachis(each a mode row row is ofis a action)a mode mode of of action) action) VG ConserveVG (spinosad)Conserve (spinosad) Harmless Harmless – Methyl–– bromide,MethylMethyl bromide,bromide, etc. Applied etc.etc. AppliedtoApplied the soil toto thethe soilsoil VG ConserveVG (spinosad)Conserve (spinosad) Harmless Harmless VG PylonVGVG (chlorfenapyr)PylonPylon(chlorfenapyr)(chlorfenapyr) Slightly toxicSlightlySlightly toxictoxic G OvertureG (pyridalyl)Overture (pyridalyl) • Total ••releaseTotalTotal release releaseproducts productsproducts still can stillstill be canusedcan bebe in used used inin G OvertureG (pyridalyl)Overture (pyridalyl) G MesurolG (methiocarb)Mesurol (methiocarb) Harmful Harmful greenhousesgreenhousesgreenhouses G MesurolGG (methiocarb)MesurolMesurol(methiocarb)(methiocarb) Harmful HarmfulHarmful Hachi-HachiHachi-Hachi(tolfenpyrad)(tolfenpyrad) – License–– categoryLicenseLicense categorycategory 5 allows 5 5this allowsallows use this(Private)this useuse (Private)(Private) Hachi-HachiHachi-Hachi(tolfenpyrad)(tolfenpyrad) G AvidG (abamectin)Avid (abamectin) ModeratelyModerately toxic toxic – License–– 6dLicenseLicense still allows 6d6d stillstill this allowsallows use this(Commercial)this useuse (Commercial)(Commercial) G AvidGG (abamectin)AvidAvid(abamectin)(abamectin) ModeratelyModeratelyModerately toxic toxictoxic Pedestal (novaluron)PedestalPedestal(novaluron)(novaluron) Harmless toHarmlessHarmless adults to to adults adults

BotanigardBotanigardBotanigard(Beauveria((Beauveria bassianaBeauveria) bassiana bassiana))

Example,Example, Whitmire Whitmire Micro‐ MicroGen, MOA‐Gen, 7BMOA 7B IPM forIPMIPM Thrips: forfor Thrips:Thrips: Some InsecticidesSomeSome InsecticidesInsecticides Available AvailableAvailable Example,Example,Example, Whitmire WhitmireWhitmire Micro‐ MicroGen, Micro MOA‐‐Gen,Gen, 7B MOAMOA 7B7B for Rotationsforfor RotationsRotations for Vegetables forfor VegetablesVegetables Effect TradeEffectEffect Name Trade Trade Name Name PHI ImpactPHIPHI on ImpactImpact on on (days) Biologicals(days) Biologicals (each row (eachis(each a mode row row is ofis a action)a mode mode of of action) action)(days) Biologicals(days) Biologicals VG EntrustVGVG (spinosad)EntrustEntrust (spinosad) (spinosad) 1 Harmless11 Harmless Harmless

VG PylonVGVG(chlorfenapyr)PylonPylon(chlorfenapyr)(chlorfenapyr) 0 Slightly00 toxic Slightly Slightly toxic toxic

BotanigardBotanigardBotanigard(Beauveria((Beauveria bassianaBeauveria)0 bassiana bassiana)0)0

Example,Example,Example, Whitmire WhitmireWhitmire Micro‐ MicroGen, Micro MOA‐‐Gen,Gen, 13 MOAMOA 1313

Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension 77

2 22 NematodesNematodesNematodes == SteinernemaSteinernema = Steinernema BiopesticidesBiopesticidesBiopesticides + + BCBC + BC NemasysNemasysNemasys = = http://www.beckerunderwood.com/http://www.beckerunderwood.com/ = http://www.beckerunderwood.com/

• killing fungus •• Insect Insect killingkilling• Insect fungusfungus killing fungus • Tank-mixes well (probable synergism) with nematodes •• Tank-mixes Tank-mixes• Tank-mixes wellwell (probable(probable well synergism) synergism)(probable synergism) withwith nematodesnematodes with nematodes • Many species including Beauvaria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus •• Many Many speciesspecies• Many includingincluding species BeauvariaBeauvaria including bassianaBeauvaria bassiana and and bassiana PaecilomycesPaecilomyces and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus fumosoroseus fumosoroseus Botanigard = http://www.bioworksbiocontrol.com/ BotanigardBotanigardBotanigard = = http://www.bioworksbiocontrol.com/http://www.bioworksbiocontrol.com/ = http://www.bioworksbiocontrol.com/ No Fly = http://naturalindustries.com/ ; MGS Horticultural Inc. NoNo FlyFly == http://naturalindustries.com/http://naturalindustries.com/No Fly = http://naturalindustries.com/;; MGSMGS HorticulturalHorticultural;; MGSMGS HorticulturalHorticultural Inc.Inc. Inc.Inc.

IPMIPM forforIPMIPM AphidsAphids for Aphids IPMIPM forforIPMIPM Aphids:Aphids: forfor Aphids: SomeSome SomeInsecticidesInsecticides InsecticidesInsecticides AvailableAvailable for Rotations for Rotations • Examples• Examples AvailableAvailable for Rotations for Rotations • Examples• Examples EffectEffect Trade TradeEffect NameName Trade Name ImpactImpact ononImpactImpact BiologicalsBiologicals onon BiologicalsBiologicals – Green peach– Green= Myzus peach = Myzus (each row is a mode of action) – Green –peachGreen= Myzuspeach = Myzus (each(each rowrow (each isis aa modemode row is ofof a action)action) mode of action) persicae persicaepersicae persicae E Endeavor(pymetrozine)(pymetrozine) Harmless to larvae EE EndeavorEndeavorE Endeavor(pymetrozine)(pymetrozine)HarmlessHarmlessHarmless toto larvaelarvae to larvae – Melon =– AphisMelon gossypii= Aphis gossypii – Melon–= MelonAphis gossypii= Aphis gossypii E Marathon (imidacloprid), Toxic as spray, non- EE MarathonMarathonE Marathon(imidacloprid)(imidacloprid)(imidacloprid),, ,ToxicToxic asas Toxic spray,spray, as non-non- spray, non- Biological• Biological control control Flagship(thiametoxam)(thiametoxam), Tristar toxic as drench •• Biological• Biological control control FlagshipFlagshipFlagship(thiametoxam)(thiametoxam),,TristarTristar ,toxictoxicTristar asas drenchtoxicdrench as drench Aphidoletes aphidimyza (acetamiprid)(acetamiprid), Safari (dinotefuran), Safari (dinotefuran) –– AphidoletesAphidoletes– Aphidoletes aphidimyza aphidimyza aphidimyza,, ,, (acetamiprid)(acetamiprid), Safari (dinotefuran), Safari (dinotefuran) Kontos (spirotetramat) KontosKontos (spirotetramat)(spirotetramat)Kontos (spirotetramat) – Aphidius colemani, (flonicamid)Aria (flonicamid) –– AphidiusAphidius– colemaniAphidius colemani, colemani, , AriaAria (flonicamid)Aria (flonicamid) UltraUltra finefineUltra oiloil fine oil HarmlessHarmlessHarmless Orthene (acephate) Harmful OrtheneOrtheneOrthene(acephate)(acephate)(acephate) HarmfulHarmfulHarmful InsecticidalInsecticidalInsecticidalInsecticidal Soap,Soap, M-PedeM-Pede Soap,Soap, M-PedeM-Pede Azatin XL (azadirachtin) Harmless AzatinAzatin XL XLAzatin (azadirachtin)(azadirachtin) XL (azadirachtin)HarmlessHarmlessHarmless

Mite MiteDamage Damage Mite MiteDamage Damage IPMIPM forforIPMIPM MitesMites for Mites •• ExamplesExamples•• Examples = –– TwoTwo spottedspotted– TwoTwo spider spider spottedspotted mitemite spiderspider== mite = TetranychusTetranychusTetranychusTetranychus urticae urticae urticae urticae = Phytonemus –– CyclamenCyclamen– Cyclamen mitemite== PhytonemusPhytonemus mite = Phytonemus palliduspallidus pallidus = –– BroadBroad mite–miteBroad== mite = PolyphagotarsonemusPolyphagotarsonemusPolyphagotarsonemus latus latus latus •• BiologicalBiological•• Biological controlcontrol control Phytoseiulus persimilis –– PhytoseiulusPhytoseiulus– Phytoseiulus persimilis persimilis persimilis,, ,,

Amblyseius cucumeris –– AmblyseiusAmblyseius– Amblyseius cucumeris cucumeris cucumeris,, ,,

78 Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension

33 3 IPMIPM for forIPM Mites: Mites: for Mites:Insecticides Insecticides Insecticides BroadBroadBroad mitesmites mites EffectEffect Trade TradeEffect Name Name Trade Name ImpactImpact on onImpact on BiologicalsBiologicals (each(each row row(each is is a a mode rowmode is of aof modeaction) action) of action) BiologicalsBiologicalsBiologicals (bifenazate)(bifenazate) EE Floramite FloramiteE Floramite(bifenazate)(bifenazate)(bifenazate) (chlorfenapyr)(chlorfenapyr) EE Pylon PylonE (chlorfenapyr) (chlorfenapyr) Pylon (chlorfenapyr) (vs (vsBroad,Broad, (vs Cyclamen CyclamenBroad, Cyclamen)) Harmful Harmful) Harmful (abamectin)(abamectin) EE Avid AvidE (abamectin) (abamectin) Avid (vs(abamectin)(vsBroad,Broad,(vs Cyclamen CyclamenBroad, Cyclamen)) Harmful Harmful) Harmful (etoxazole) (etoxazole) (hexythiazox),(hexythiazox), EE TetraSan TetraSanE TetraSan(etoxazole)(etoxazole), ,Hexygon(etoxazole) Hexygon, Hexygon(hexythiazox),(hexythiazox),(hexythiazox), HarmfulHarmful Harmful (clofentezine)(clofentezine) OvationOvation (clofentezine) Ovation(clofentezine) (clofentezine) (pyridaben) (pyridaben) EE Sanmite SanmiteE Sanmite(pyridaben)(pyridaben)(vs(pyridaben)(vsBroadBroad(vs),), Akari AkariBroad), AkariHarmfulHarmfulHarmful (fenpyroximate)(fenpyroximate) (fenpyroximate)(fenpyroximate)(fenpyroximate) (acequinocyl)(acequinocyl) VGVG Shuttle ShuttleVG (acequinocyl) (acequinocyl) Shuttle (acequinocyl) InsecticidalInsecticidalInsecticidal Soap, Soap, M-Pede M-Pede Soap, M-Pede HarmfulHarmfulHarmful (spiromesifen)(spiromesifen) EE Judo JudoE (spiromesifen) (spiromesifen) Judo (spiromesifen)(vs(vsBroadBroad(vs and andBroad and (spirotetramat)(spirotetramat) CyclamenCyclamenCyclamen),), Kontos Kontos),(spirotetramat) Kontos(spirotetramat)(spirotetramat)

WhiteflyWhiteflyWhitefly IdentificationIdentification Identification NewNew insecticides,Newinsecticides, insecticides, miticidesmiticides miticides GreenhouseGreenhouseGreenhouse SilverSilver leaf leafSilver leaf TrialeurodesTrialeurodesTrialeurodes vaporariorum vaporariorum vaporariorumBemisiaBemisiaBemisia tabaci tabaci tabaci •• BASFBASF• BASF •• SultanSultan• (2014) Sultan(2014) (2014) ––CyflumetofenCyflumetofen– Cyflumetofen ––NewNew mode mode– New of of mode action? action? of action? ––Miticide,Miticide,– Miticide, very very effective effective very effective against against two againsttwo spotted spotted two spottedspider spider spider mites,mites, including includingmites, including eggs? eggs? eggs?

ParasitizedParasitizedParasitized NymphsNymphs Nymphs EncarsiaEncarsiaEncarsia BiotypeBiotypeBiotype QQ PesticidePesticide Q Pesticide EfficacyEfficacy Efficacy

•• ResistantResistant• Resistant to: to: to: •• Effective:Effective:• Effective: ––MarathonMarathon– Marathon (imidacloprid) (imidacloprid) (imidacloprid)––SafariSafari(dinotefuran),(dinotefuran),– Safari (dinotefuran), Flagship Flagship(thiametoxam),(thiametoxam), ––DistanceDistance– (pyriproxyfen) Distance(pyriproxyfen) (pyriproxyfen) FlagshipFlagship(thiametoxam),Flagship(thiametoxam),(thiametoxam), Tristar (acetamiprid),Tristar (acetamiprid), ––TalstarTalstar (bifenthrin)– (bifenthrin)Talstar (bifenthrin) Tristar (acetamiprid),Tristar (acetamiprid), –AvidAvid(abamectin)(abamectin)– Avid (abamectin) + + + ––TalusTalus (buprofezin) (buprofezin)– Talus (buprofezin) – – EretmocerusEretmocerusEretmocerus TalstarTalstar(bifenthrin)(bifenthrin)Talstar (bifenthrin) ––TameTame (fenpropathrin) (fenpropathrin)– Tame (fenpropathrin) ––SanmiteSanmite–(pyridaben)Sanmite(pyridaben)(pyridaben) ––OthersOthers– Others ––JudoJudo(spiromesifen)(spiromesifen)– Judo (spiromesifen)

(From(From Bethke Bethke(From and and BethkeByrne Byrne 2005) and2005) Byrne 2005)

http://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htmhttp://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htmhttp://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htm

Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension 79

44 4 WhiteflyWhitefly control control CitrusCitrus Mealybug Mealybug

OSU: Luis Cañas,OSU: Luis Nuris Cañas, Acosta Nuris Acosta http://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htmhttp://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htm OSU: Luis Cañas,OSU: Luis Nuris Cañas, Acosta Nuris Acosta

IPM forIPM Mealybugs: for Mealybugs: Insecticides Insecticides FungusFungus Gnat andGnat Shore and Shore Flies Flies Effect TradeEffect Name Trade Name Impact onImpact on FungusFungus Gnat andGnat Shore and Shore Flies Flies (each row(each is a mode row is of a action) mode of action) BiologicalsBiologicals (each row(each is a mode row is of a action) mode of action) BiologicalsBiologicals Fungus GnatFungus Gnat E, VG SafariE, VG (dinotefuran) Safari (dinotefuran), Flagship, Flagship (thiametoxam) (thiametoxam), Harmful, Harmfulas as Fungus GnatFungus Gnat E, VG SafariE, VG (dinotefuran) Safari (dinotefuran), Flagship, Flagship (thiametoxam) (thiametoxam), Harmful, Harmfulas as Fungus Gnat Tristar (acetamiprid)Tristar (acetamiprid), Marathon, Marathon (imidacloprid) (imidacloprid), spray, spray Tristar (acetamiprid)Tristar (acetamiprid), Marathon, Marathon (imidacloprid) (imidacloprid), spray, spray clothianidinTristar clothianidin , Marathon , spray clothianidin clothianidin VG DistanceVG Distance (pyriproxyfen) (pyriproxyfen) HarmlessHarmless VG DistanceVG Distance (pyriproxyfen) (pyriproxyfen) HarmlessHarmless E TalusE (buprofezin) Talus (buprofezin) HarmlessHarmless E TalusE (buprofezin) Talus (buprofezin) HarmlessHarmless E KontosE(spirotetramat) Kontos (spirotetramat) ? ? E KontosE(spirotetramat) Kontos (spirotetramat) ? ? VG,G InsecticidalVG,G Insecticidal Soap, M-Pede Soap, M-Pede(potassium salts(potassium of Harmful salts of Harmful VG,G InsecticidalVG,G Insecticidal Soap, M-Pede Soap, M-Pede(potassium salts(potassium of Harmful salts of Harmful fatty acids) Herbalfatty acids) aphid Herbal control aphid (thyme,control mint (thyme, oil), mint oil), fatty acids) Herbalfatty acids) aphid Herbal control aphid (thyme,control mint (thyme, oil), mint oil), GSHGISGSHGIS(canola oil, pyrethrins)(canola oil, pyrethrins) GSHGISGSHGIS(canola oil, pyrethrins)(canola oil, pyrethrins) VG TalstarVG(bifenthrin) Talstar (bifenthrin) HarmfulHarmful Shore Fly Shore Fly VG TalstarVG(bifenthrin) Talstar (bifenthrin) HarmfulHarmful Shore Fly Shore Fly Cloyd AMTCloyd 2005, AMT G25; 2005, Ludwig G25; AMT Ludwig 2006, AMT G14, 2006, G15; G14,Canas G15; AMT Canas 2007, AMT G42. 2007, G42. Cloyd AMTCloyd 2005, AMT G25; 2005, Ludwig G25; AMT Ludwig 2006, AMT G14, 2006, G15; G14,Canas G15; AMT Canas 2007, AMT G42. 2007, G42.

FungusFungus Gnats Gnats = Soil = MoistureSoil Moisture FungusFungus Gnats Gnats = Soil = MoistureSoil Moisture IPM forIPM Fungus for Fungus Gnats Gnats and Shore and Shore Flies Flies • Pathogens• Pathogens 350 350 • Pathogens• Pathogens 350 350 a a a a – Steinernema– Steinernema feltiae (46 feltiae K (46 K a a a – Steinernema– Steinernema feltiae (46 feltiae K (46 K 300 300 a a 300 300 / sqr ft) / sqr ft) a a / sqr ft) a a • Also used• againstAlso used western against western a • Also used• againstAlso used western against western 250 250 ab ab flower thripsflower thrips 250 250 ab ab flower thripsflower thrips abc abc – Affected– Affectedby high by high 200 200 abc abc – Affected– Affectedby high by high 200 200 – Affected by high temperaturestemperatures 150 150 150 150 – Steinernema– Steinernema bcd bcd – Steinernema– Steinernema bcd bcd carpocapseaecarpocapseae 100 100 carpocapseaecarpocapseae 100 100 cd cd cd cd 50 50 50 50 d d d d d d d d d Number of Adults Fungus Gnats Emerged (30 DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number Number of Adults Fungus Gnats Emerged (30 DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number 0 DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number 0 Number of Adults Fungus Gnats Emerged (30 DAT) (30 Emerged Gnats Fungus Adults of Number 0 0 10 2010 30 20 40 30 50 40 60 50 70 60 80 70 90 80100 90 100 10 2010 30 20 40 30 50 40 60 50 70 60 80 70 90 80100 90 100 Soil MoistureSoil (%) Moisture (%) Soil MoistureSoil (%) Moisture (%)

80 Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension

5 5 IPM forIPM FG for and FG Shore and ShoreFlies: SomeFlies: Some Fern FernCaterpillar Caterpillar InsecticidesInsecticides Available Available for Rotations for Rotations E TradeE Name Trade Name Impact onImpactImpact Biological onon BiologicalBiological • • •fernFlorida caterpillar fernfern caterpillar (each row (each(eachis a mode rowrow isisof a aaction) modemode ofof action)action)Control AgentsControl Agents – – Callopistria floridensis floridensis (Guenee) (Guenee)(Guenee) VG NemasysVG Nemasys – Larvae light– Larvae green lightlight to black green toto black with a white line on each VG CitationVG (cyromazine)Citation (cyromazine)(cyromazine) Slightly toxic Slightly Slightly toxictoxic with a whitewith line a whiteon each line on each side side VG DistanceVG Distance(pyriproxyfen)(pyriproxyfen)(pyriproxyfen) Slightly toxic Slightly Slightly toxictoxic • Control:•• Control: – Dipel (Bacillus– Dipel ((Bacillus Enstar IIEnstar (s-kinoprene) II (s-kinoprene)(s-kinoprene) thuringiensisthuringiensisthuringiensis), ),), – Duragard– TRDuragard (chlorpyrifos),TR (chlorpyrifos),(chlorpyrifos), Adept (diflubenzuron)Adept (diflubenzuron)(diflubenzuron) – Adept (diflubenzuron),– Adept (diflubenzuron),(diflubenzuron), G MarathonG Marathon(imidacloprid),(imidacloprid),(imidacloprid), Toxic as Toxicspray, as non- spray, non- – Talstar (bifenthrin)– Talstar (bifenthrin)(bifenthrin) and and Safari (dinotefuran)Safari (dinotefuran)(dinotefuran) toxic as drenchtoxictoxic asas drenchdrench – Conserve– (spinosad)Conserve (spinosad)(spinosad) Azatin (azadirachtin)Azatin (azadirachtin)(azadirachtin) XL Slightly XLXL toxic Slightly Slightly toxictoxic

Thanks!Thanks! • Address:• Address: – Dr. Luis– CañasDr. Luis Cañas – 1680 Madison– 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, Ave., Wooster, OH 44691 OH 44691 – [email protected]– [email protected] • Funding:• Funding: – USDA‐–NIFAUSDA‐NIFA – AFE – AFE

Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension 81

6 6 Notes:

82 Pesticide Safety Education Program, Ohio State University Extension