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Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, and Applications Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, and Applications Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, and Applications Edited by Argiro Vatakis Fuat Balcı Massimiliano Di Luca Ángel Correa leiden | boston Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover design: Maria Kostaki, photograph courtesy of Charles E. Zapolski The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov lc record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2018001126 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. isbn 978-90-04-28019-9 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-28020-5 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by the Editors and Authors. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill nv. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> Contents Preface vii List of Illustrations ix 1 Circadian Timing: From Genetics to Behavior 1 Patricia V. Agostino, Ivana L. Bussi and Carlos S. Caldart 2 Prospective and Retrospective Timing Processes: Theories, Methods, and Findings 32 Richard A. Block, Simon Grondin and Dan Zakay 3 Assessing Duration Discrimination: Psychophysical Methods and Psychometric Function Analysis 52 Karin M. Bausenhart, Massimiliano Di Luca and Rolf Ulrich 4 Methodological Issues in the Study of Prospective Timing 79 Giovanna Mioni 5 Duration Bisection: A User’s Guide 98 Trevor B. Penney and Xiaoqin Cheng 6 Temporal Decision-making: Common Procedures and Contemporary Approaches 128 David Freestone and Fuat Balcı 7 Towards a Process Model of Temporal Generalization 149 Florian Klapproth 8 Reaction Time Analysis for Interval Timing Research 165 Patrick Simen 9 Analysing Multi-person Timing in Music and Movement: Event Based Methods 177 Mark T. Elliott, Dominic Ward, Ryan Stables, Dagmar Fraser, Nori Jacoby and Alan M. Wing 10 Measuring Temporal Preparation 216 Mariagrazia Capizzi and Ángel Correa Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> vi Contents 11 Temporal Order and Synchrony Judgments: A Primer for Students 233 Maria Kostaki and Argiro Vatakis 12 Perceived Temporal Order and Simultaneity: Beyond Psychometric Functions 263 Miguel A. García-Pérez and Rocío Alcalá-Quintana 13 Collecting and Interpreting Judgments about Perceived Simultaneity: A Model-Fitting Tutorial 295 Kielan Yarrow 14 Using the Simon Effect in Simultaneity/Asynchrony Discrimination Tasks: Interest, Methods, and Limits 326 Anne Giersch, Patrick E. Poncelet, Céline Z. Duval and Laurence Lalanne 15 Tracking Time in the Infant Brain 341 Franziska Kopp Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> Preface Between 2010 and 2014, the European-funded esf-cost Action Time In MentaL ActivitY: Theoretical, behavioral, bioimaging, and clinical perspectives (timely) aimed at creating an international network of researchers working on timing and time perception, but it also started to address questions and is- sues that had not been attended to-date. One recurring issue was consistently pointed out to us particularly by junior researchers and students: the difficulty in acquiring theoretical understanding and practical advices about the vari- ous methods utilized to measure timing in behavior. The underlying problem was the typical spread of information in academia, where senior researchers passed their theoretical and practical knowledge to junior researchers in their lab or junior researchers were given a multitude of papers and sources so that they can figure out on their own how to conduct a given timing task. The theo- retical knowledge was publicly available, but the practical knowledge was con- fined to a handful of labs where it was passed on from researcher to researcher. Only by being taught by someone in the lab (or by extensive trial-and-error) one could achieve the hands-on practical knowledge to correctly apply these research methods, handle the problems one normally encounters in their use, and avoid their potential pitfalls. A consequence of the limited spread of prac- tical knowledge also led students that learned a given method to end up using that method for the majority of their research for the rest of their career with- out being able to integrate new techniques into their research. In timely, we aimed to provide hands-on methodological training on a large array of timing research methods to a wide audience by organizing a training school on Timing and Time Perception: Procedures, Measures, & Appli- cations that was held in Corfu, Greece, between the 4th and the 8th of February 2013. During this event, numerous of the principal experimental tasks and data analyses employed to measure some aspect of timing behavior were presented theoretically and practically, with both talk and hands-on sessions. In a series of presentations by leading experts in the field, junior researchers were taught how to conduct, for example, a motor synchronization task, what program- ming code and equipment to use for running an experiment that could answer a scientific question using this method, how to analyze and best display the data obtained, the common issues and problems associated with this method, etc. The result of such a successful training school was that a team of 40 junior researchers got familiarized with all the major methodologies of measuring timing behavior and how to analyze these measurements, a learning experi- ence that took only four days instead of the many years it could have taken Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> viii Preface with the conventional route. The students could also experience first-hand how to use traditional timing methodologies for real world applications such as how to study synchrony between the movements of a therapist and his/her patient and how the degree of synchrony may determine the speed and effec- tiveness of ones’ well-being. Because of the success of the training school and the lack of literature that systematically covers methods and techniques on timing and time perception, we decided to compile a book composed of contributions where literature, theory, practical applications in the form of computer programs, and experi- mental protocols covered all aspects of learning. This book you are now hold- ing in your hands and the computer code associated with it is available online at https://github.com/ArgiroVat/Timing-and-Time-Perception-Book. The book is a collection of the most utilized and known methods on timing and time perception. Specifically, it covers methods and analysis on circadian timing, synchrony perception, reaction/response time, time estimation, and alternative methods for clinical and developmental research. Most of the chapters are accompanied by a description of the experimental protocols for a sample experiment, the programming code to perform the experiment, sample results, and code for the analysis of the data. This practical section of the book is open source and will be continuously updated, but it serves as a companion to the chapters in the book (thus, first refer to the book, which is also available in open access via Brill’s website). The depth at which the different chapters composing the book treats the arguments varies from very introductory to more advanced so as to cover the needs of both the junior and senior researcher. We believe this is a represen- tative source of the current methods on timing and time perception and we hope that this will be the first step in future efforts to document experimen- tal methods and analysis both in a theoretical and in a practical manner. We would like to thank the timely network and esf-cost funding for support- ing this endeavor and our authors, who contributed to this book and patiently waited for its completion and publication. We would also like to thank two specific individuals: Charlie Zapolski, who graciously provided us with the photograph of the book cover and allowed us to modify it freely, and Mary Kostaki, who worked on the design of the cover for this book providing us with a wonderful result. Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balcı, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa Argiro Vatakis, Fuat Balc, Massimiliano Di Luca and Ángel Correa - 9789004280205 Downloaded from Brill.com06/15/2018 01:59:32PM via free access <UN> List of Illustrations Figures 1.1 The molecular circadian clock. Simplified model of the transcriptional/transla- tional feedback loops that constitute the mammalian circadian clock 3 1.2 Circadian entrainment to the environment 5 1.3 In the limit of circadian entrainment.
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