“IN EVERY HUMAN BREAST, GOD HAS tHIS IS IMPLANTED A PRINCIPLE, WHICH WE CALL a sHaReD Teapot Made by Peter Bentzon, ca. 1817-29 ; Despite the legal limits placed on free blacks, LOVE OF FREEDOM early black entrepreneurs served as role aMeRICan models, philanthropists, and community IT IS IMPATIENT OF OPPRESSION, leaders. Peter Bentzon, born free in the Caribbean, was educated and trained as a silversmith in . Bentzon’s success AND PANTS FOR DELIVERANCE.” afforded him StORy. opportunities to –Phillis Wheatley, American poet, 1774 define his own freedom, even in a racist society. Nat Turner’s Bible, ca. 1830 Nat Turner, an enslaved minister, is thought to have been carrying this Bible when he was Five hundred years ago, a new form of captured after leading one of the most infamous slave rebellions. A man of remarkable intellect, slavery transformed Africa, Europe, and the Turner used his mobility as a Americas. For the first time, human beings preacher and knowledge of scripture to organize a were viewed as commodities to be bought, slave revolt in 1831. sold, and exploited to make enormous Gift of Maurice A. Person and Noah and Brooke Porter profits. This system changed the world. The United States was created in this context, forged by slavery as well as a radical new concept, freedom. This is a shared American story, a shared past, told through the lives of who helped form the nation. Child’s Shackles, before 1860 Shackles like these were used on captive Africans on slave ships bound for the New World. Point of Pines slave cabin, Men, women, and children were subjected Edisto Island, S.C., ca. 1853 to the horrors of the Middle Passage after This cabin was originally built to house being taken from their families and enslaved. enslaved African Americans on a plantation Over 12,500,000 souls experienced the in South Carolina. The four walls offered forced migration to the Americas. little privacy and no security. But the enslaved men, women, and children who lived here found ways to make such A Place for All People: quarters a home. After freedom, many Introducing the National Museum of African African Americans continued to live in the American History and Culture is organized by the Smithsonian cabins they had occupied during slavery Institution Traveling Gift of The Edisto Island Historic Preservation Society Exhibition Service, in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. Shards of Stained Glass from the Bombing of “We ClaIm ExaCtly tHE 16th Street Baptist Church, 1963 On September 15, 1963, a bomb same RigHts, pRIvIleGEs exploded at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. The church, which had been the starting point for anD IMmunItIEs as arE many civil rights marches in the city, was targeted by white supremacists angered Enjoyed by WHIte men— by the court-ordered desegregation of local schools. The explosion killed four girls, ages 11 to 14. The deaths shocked WE aSk notHIng MoRe Skirt and Blouse Worn by the nation, and spurred activists to push Carlotta Walls on First Day at harder in the quest for civil rights. Little Rock Central High School, 1957 Gift from the Trumpauer-Mulholland Collection anD Will be Content In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that segregated education was unconstitutional. But across the South, governments and wItH notHIng lEss.” school systems resisted the order to desegregate. In 1957, the —Report of the Colored Convention, Montgomery, Alabama, 1867 NAACP selected nine students to integrate Little Rock Central High School. Carlotta Walls, age 14, was the youngest of the The years after and “.” After state Reconstruction were hopeful and officials barred the students from entering on the first day of disheartening for African Americans. classes, President Eisenhower With the end of slavery, they had hoped authorized federal troops to escort them to school. to attain full citizenship. Instead they Gift of Carlotta Walls LaNier found themselves battling a new form of oppression—segregation. In the face of these attacks, African Americans created institutions and communities to help them survive and thrive. Through their struggle, they challenged the nation to live up to its promises of freedom and equality.

The ’s Stearman Kaydet As the nation prepared to enter World War II, African Americans serving in the segregated armed forces had to convince the military to allow them to become pilots. Oak Church Pew #58 The first group of candidates, known as the Tuskegee Airmen, trained at Moton from Quinn Chapel AME Church Field in Tuskegee, Alabama. Many of them Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church flew this training aircraft to pass the tests is the oldest black congregation in Chicago. Founded in A Place for All People: 1844, the church has occupied its present building Introducing the National administered by the War Department. Museum of African since 1891. It was an important force behind the creation American History and Culture is organized of several local institutions, including Provident Hospital by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling and Training School Association, established to train Exhibition Service, in collaboration with black nurses and serve black and white patients. the museum. Gift of Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Chicago, Illinois All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. “I am “ACROSS THIS COUNTRY, YOUNG BLACK MEN AND WOMEN anD aLWays HAVE BEEN INFECTED WITH WIlL bE A FEVER OF AFFIRMATION. THEY ARE SAYING, a CataLySt ‘WE ARE BLACK AND BEAUTIFUL.’ ” —Hoyt Fuller, American author, editor, educator, and critic, 1968 for CHanGE.” Searching Door-to-Door for —, American politician, educator, and author Katrina Survivors, 2005 In 2005 Hurricane Katrina and subsequent flooding devastated New While the modern Orleans and surrounding areas. Many of achieved many victories, it did not end the storm’s victims were black and poor, and their suffering was compounded by the struggle for freedom. Black Americans slow and inadequate relief efforts. With have continued to wrestle with racial 80 percent of the city flooded after the storm, rescue crews went door-to-door Shirley Chisholm Presidential discrimination, cultural exclusion, and Campaign Poster, 1972 looking for survivors among the 60,000 African Americans fought for economic inequality. Just as the Civil Rights stranded residents. They marked each power over their lives, and political searched building with the date, identity office—local, state, or national— and Movements pursued goals of the search crew, areas of the building moved black people toward that of equity and justice in the 20th century, inspected, and number of casualties— goal. Shirley Chisholm was the in this case, none. Over a thousand first African American woman Americans must decide how to advance residents were not as fortunate. elected to Congress and the first the same goals in the 21st. to campaign for the presidency. Under the slogan “Unbought and Unbossed,” she ran for the Democratic Party nomination in 1972, but lost. Beset by both Radio Raheem’s Boombox, 1989 racist and sexist opposition, this In the 1980s, music from boomboxes filled daughter of immigrants from city streets with the era’s latest sounds: Barbados and Guyana advocated Hip-Hop, a style of music that channeled for poor inner-city residents, the frustrations, hopes, and day-to-day saying, “I am and always will experiences of black youth in America. In be a catalyst for change.” ’s 1989 movie Do the Right Thing, Gifted with pride from Ellen Brooks the character Radio Raheem proudly blasted Public Enemy’s “Fight the Power” from this boombox as he walked through his Brooklyn A Place for All People: neighborhood. Raheem is later killed by a Introducing the National Museum of African police officer using excessive force—a scene American History and Culture is organized that would echo in events that sparked the by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Black Lives Matter Movement. Exhibition Service, in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. “WHAT’S REMARKABLE IS NOT Desk from the Hope School, 1925-54 Education has always been a path to HOW MANY FAILED IN THE FACE freedom. The , created by educator Booker T. Washington and philanthropist , OF DISCRIMINATION, BUT RATHER helped open up that path for African American children in the rural, HOW MANY MEN AND WOMEN segregated South. Between 1917 and 1932 the Rosenwald Fund supported the construction of 5,300 schools in OVERCAME THE ODDS; HOW MANY 15 states, including the Hope School in Pomaria, South Carolina. WERE ABLE TO MAKE A WAY OUT Gift of the Hope School Community Center, Pomaria, SC MAKE A WAy OF NO WAY FOR THOSE LIKE ME WHO WOULD COME AFTER THEM.” — President , 2008

How do you make a way out of no way? For generations, African Americans worked collectively to live with dignity in the midst of racial oppression. Through education, religious institutions, businesses, the press, and voluntary associations, black men and women created ways to serve and strengthen their communities. They established networks of mutual support, cultivated leadership, and improved social and economic opportunities. They also developed a tradition of activism that paved the way for broader social change.

Workers’ Time Clock from the National Baptist Publishing Board, ca. 1912 Through enterprise, African Americans “Lifting as We Climb” sought greater control over their social, Banner, ca. 1924 economic, and educational lives. In African American women mobilized 1896, Richard Henry Boyd founded the and organized to make ways out of National Baptist Publishing Board in no way. On local, state, and national Nashville, Tennessee. Created to enable levels, women’s organizations black churches to produce their own promoted education, self-help, and A Place for All People: worship and education materials, the Introducing the National support for black communities. Museum of African company became a hub for many black American History and This banner, created by the Culture is organized by the Smithsonian business ventures in Nashville. Oklahoma Federation of Negro Institution Traveling Gift of Dr. and Mrs. T.B. Boyd, III and R.H. Boyd Publishing Corporation Exhibition Service, Women’s Clubs, features the motto in collaboration with the museum. of the National Association of All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s Colored Women, founded in 1896. National Museum of African American History and Culture. “THE ACHE FOR HOME LIVES IN ALL OF US, A sEnSE THE SAFE PLACE WHERE WE CAN GO AS WE ARE o F p LA C e AND NOT BE QUESTIONED.” —, American poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist, 1986

A sense of place has deeply shaped African American history and culture. Tulsa, Oklahoma A multifaceted range of African American In late May 1921, clashes between black communities and identities have formed and white residents of Tulsa, Oklahoma, spiraled into one of the deadliest race riots and changed in all corners of the country in American history. White mobs rampaged through the prosperous African American and in turn influenced the regions around community of Greenwood, destroying them. Their evolution reveals a set of black-owned property and murdering black people. Five-year-old George Monroe, stories as diverse as the landscape itself. whose home was destroyed during the riot, collected these scorched pennies from the street as the community began to piece their lives and neighborhood back together. Gift of Scott Ellsworth Greenville, Mississippi From the late through the , photographer Henry Clay Anderson portrayed black life in the city of Greenville, Mississippi, from the inside. Seen through Anderson’s lens, as with this circa 1960 image of a couple outside of his Nelson Street photography studio, Lyles Station, Indiana Greenville is a place of spirit and resolve. Lyles Station, a community in southern Indiana, It is a place where the black middle-class offers a window into the largely unknown story refused to be defined and held captive of free black pioneers on the American frontier by the systemic injustice and racial A Place for All People: before the Civil War. African American farmers have Introducing the National stereotypes of the time. Museum of African American History and owned and worked their own land in and near Culture is organized by the Smithsonian what became known as Lyles Station since 1815. Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, Joshua Lyles originally used this plow to in collaboration with the museum. cultivate his family’s garden. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s Gift of the Lyles Station Historic Preservation Corporation National Museum of African American History and Culture. Women’s U.S. Army Service Hat “Double V” Handkerchief, World War II “DEAR WIFE, Worn by Brigadier General In 1942 the Pittsburgh Courier, an African Hazel Johnson-Brown, 1980 American newspaper, launched the Double I HAVE ENLISTED IN THE ARMY… The first African American Victory Campaign, which stood for “Victory woman to achieve the military Abroad and Victory at Home.” Victory abroad rank of general, Hazel championed military success against fascism AND THOUGH GREAT IS THE Johnson joined the overseas, and victory at home demanded army as a nurse in 1955. equality for African Americans in the United DIFFICULTY YET I LOOK FORWARD In 1979 she was States. This fight for a “Double Victory” has promoted to reverberated throughout the long history of general and the African American military experience. TO A BRIGHTER DAY WHEN I appointed chief of the Army Nurse Corps. She also SHALL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY served as the director of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Nursing. OF SEEING YOU IN THE FULL Throughout her life she distinguished herself as a military and public healthcare professional. ENJOYMENT OF FREEDOM.” Gift of Alice Calberb F. Royal —Pvt. Samuel Cabble, soldier in the 55th Massachusetts Infantry, United States Colored Troops, 1863

From the Revolutionary War to the War on Medal of Honor, 1952 Terror, African Americans have served in This Medal of Honor was awarded the United States military. They defended posthumously to Sgt. Cornelius H. Charlton for his bravery during the in 1951. their country and expected their sacrifice After his wounded platoon leader was evacuated, Sergeant Charlton led three to earn the right to liberty, citizenship, assaults on enemy positions. Although and equality for themselves and their seriously wounded, Charlton conducted a fourth assault alone. He was wounded community. African Americans hoped that again by a grenade, but silenced despite the prejudice and discrimination the enemy guns before he died. Gift of Ray R. and Patricia A. D. Charlton that shaped both the military and the broader society, succeeding in the military would contribute to a changed America where racial equality was possible.

A Place for All People: Introducing the National Museum of African American History and Culture is organized by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, DoubLe VICtory in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. “THE RIGHT OF EVERY AMERICAN TO FIRST-CLASS

Briana Scurry’s Jersey, 1999 CITIZENSHIP IS THE One of the first African Americans to play professional women’s soccer, Briana Scurry was named MOST IMPORTANT starting goalkeeper for the U.S. women’s national team in 1994. She wore this ISSUE OF OUR TIME.” jersey during the 1999 —, American Major League Baseball player, 1969 World Cup final against China, which drew the largest attendance in U.S. women's soccer history. Sports matter far beyond the playing fields. Gift of Briana Scurry Historically, African American athletes were systematically denied opportunities to compete at the highest levels. Yet as one of the earliest and most high-profile spaces to accept African Americans on terms of relative equality, sports have also served bEyond tHe pLayIng FiElDs as a measuring stick for racial progress. Beyond the impressive records of individual Bayou Classic Trophy, 2014 accomplishments, the history of sports Since 1974, the annual football also demonstrates how African American game between Grambling State and Southern University has showcased culture has enriched the nation. the prestigious athletic programs of these two historically black universities. The winning team takes home the Bayou Classic trophy. This Waterford crystal trophy was retired after the 2014 contest. Gift from the Southern University System, Southern University and A&M College, Carl Lewis’s Track Shoes, ca. 1994 University of Louisiana System, Grambling State University In 1999 the International Olympic Committee chose Carl Lewis as the “Sportsman of the Century.” During his Olympic career, Lewis earned nine gold medals and one silver medal. At the 1984 Olympic Games, he A Place for All People: matched Jesse Owens’s historic performance Introducing the National Museum of African at the 1936 Berlin Olympics by winning four American History and Culture is organized by the Smithsonian gold medals in track and field. Institution Traveling Gift of Carl Lewis Estate Exhibition Service, in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. “THIS ? THIS IS MY IDENTITY.” –, Jamaican reggae singer, musician, and songwriter Traditional Grain Storage II, CuLtuRE Mary Jackson, 2015 Culture connects people and places across time. Mary Jackson’s grain- storage basket, made from bulrush sHapes and oak strips, draws on basket weaving traditions that originated in rice-growing areas of the West Dashiki OWNED BY African coast. These baskets, for MARGARET LOUISE shipping rice and seeds, were Culture shapes lives. It’s in the food people LYNCH BELCHER, lIves. historically made by black men in eat, the languages they speak, the art they LATE 20TH CENTURY the South Carolina Lowcountry. As Clothing is a form of cultural a child, Jackson learned the craft create, and the many other ways they communication. Since the from family members. express themselves. African American and 1960s African Americans have worn African-inspired clothing like dashikis many other cultures of the African diaspora to express black unity and self-pride. Buttons, were born out of the traumatic history of hats, and t-shirts carry messages that celebrate cultural heroes or protest racial injustices. the Transatlantic Slave Trade, and developed In wearing these clothes, African Americans through traditions made and remade on new exercise a freedom of speech that racial oppression long denied them. shores. These expressive cultural traditions Gift of Kimberly Hunley reflect the history, values, beliefs, and creative spirit of these groups.

Ecuadorian Boat Seat, ca. 1945 Stories teach cultural values. This boat seat A Place for All People: Introducing the National is carved with the image of Anansi the spider, Museum of African American History and a trickster character found in folktales of the Culture is organized by the Smithsonian African diaspora. It was used by Deborah Azareno, Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, an Afro-Ecuadorian woman, as she passed on in collaboration with the museum. these stories to her grandson. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s Gift of Juan García Salazar National Museum of African American History and Culture. “MUSIC IS OUR WITNESS a SoUnDtRaCK AND OUR ALLY. THE BEAT to SToRIEs IS THE CONFESSION WHICH RECOGNIZES, CHANGES, AND CONQUERS TIME.” ’s Gibson Guitar, —, American author and activist, 1979 “Maybellene,” 1959 Chuck Berry is the primary sonic architect of rock and roll. As a lyricist, he spoke about youth culture with humor and insight. As a showman, The arrival of the first Africans on Ensemble Associated with he paved a way for the outrageous American shores set a new path for ’s 1939 Lincoln moves of and Memorial Concert (Original Skirt and . And as a guitarist, American music. For over 400 years, Redesigned Jacket with Original Trim) his solos and riffs helped establish African American musical creativity has In a historic performance, Marian Anderson the structure of guitar-driven gave voice to the principles of freedom, rock music. Chuck Berry’s generated, transformed, contributed J Dilla’s Midi Production Center, 2000 justice, and equality. Renowned for her rich, sound helped define to and enriched a vast array of musical James Dewitt Yancey, known as J Dilla, vibrant , Anderson built her career a generation. was one of the most prolific Hip-Hop singing with orchestras around the world. Donation of Charles E. Berry forms, from classical and sacred to producers ever to touch a drum machine. But when she came to Washington, D.C., rock and roll and Hip-Hop. The musical A native of Detroit, he performed with the the Daughters of the American Revolution group Slum Village and collaborated with refused to let her sing at their concert house, creations of African Americans are many Hip-Hop, soul, and R&B artists. His Constitution Hall. In response Walter White, a soundtrack to stories of hope and vast knowledge of music contributed to executive secretary of the NAACP, and his creative and innovative beats, making Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes struggle, faith and perseverance, culture him perhaps the most sought-after arranged for Anderson to perform on and tradition, and pride and liberation. producer of the 1990s and 2000s. the steps of the . Gift of Maureen Yancey The concert, held on Easter Sunday, , 1939, was a watershed moment in civil rights history. Gift of Ginette DePreist in memory of James DePreist

A Place for All People: Introducing the National Museum of African American History and Culture is organized by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. Ira Aldridge Playbill, 1857 The first American actor of any color to achieve fame overseas, Ira Aldridge also proved to the world that black actors could play Shakespearean roles. In the early 1820s, Aldridge performed in New York with William tHE pOWeR of pERfoRmanCe Brown’s African Theatre, the first African American theater company. He then journeyed “ WHAT THE BLACK ACTOR HAS MANAGED to England and made his debut on the stage in 1825. TO GIVE ARE MOMENTS—INDELIBLE Aldridge spent the rest of his life touring Great Britain, Europe, MOMENTS, CREATED, MIRACULOUSLY, and Russia, and became a British BEYOND THE CONFINES OF THE SCRIPT: citizen in 1863. HINTS OF REALITY, SMUGGLED LIKE CONTRABAND INTO A MAUDLIN TALE, AND WITH ENOUGH FORCE, IF UNLEASHED, TO SHATTER THE TALE TO FRAGMENTS.” —James Baldwin, American author and activist, 1976

Through their achievements in theater, film, and television, African Americans have broken barriers, enriched American culture, and inspired audiences around the world. Over time, the roles that black artists played on the stage and screen reflected changing aspirations, struggles, and realities Poster from Oscar Micheaux’s for black people in American society. As The Exile, 1931 African Americans gained more freedom to From the 1910s through the 1940s, a separate industry dedicated to express their creative talents and visions, producing films for black audiences they used the power of performance thrived in segregated America. The most successful black filmmaker of this to fuel social change. era was Oscar Micheaux. Between 1919 and 1948 Micheaux wrote, directed, and produced approximately 40 films, including The Exile, the first black-cast Costumes from The Jeffersons, ca. 1975-79 feature film with sound. Developed in 1975 as a spin-off from the seriesAll in the Family, The Jeffersonstold the story of an African American couple who “moved on up” to the ranks of the upper-middle class. A Place for All People: Introducing the National In addition to depicting an affluent black family, the show Museum of African American History and broke new ground by including an interracial married couple Culture is organized by the Smithsonian as supporting characters. Led by talented stars Sherman Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, Hemsley, Isabel Sanford, and , The Jeffersons in collaboration with the museum. became one of the most popular sitcoms in TV history. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture. “I DON’T BELIEVE THERE’S SUCH A THING AS ‘BLACK ART’ THOUGH THERE’S CERTAINLY

Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (1877-1968), BEEN A BLACK EXPERIENCE. Ethiopia, c. 1921 Painted plaster This sculpture by Meta Vaux Warrick I’VE LIVED IT. BUT IT’S ALSO Fuller is widely considered the first Pan-Africanist artwork created in the United States. It provides a visual AN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE.” embodiment of the New Negro —Charles Alston, American artist and educator, 1968 Movement—an era during the 1920s characterized by a marked increase in artistic and cultural production by black people, and a consciousness of racial heritage and pride. Through her Kevin E. Cole (b.1960), Visual art provides a glimpse into the sculpture, Fuller linked the cultural Increase Risk with Emotional Faith, 2008 struggles and triumphs of the creator’s achievements of ancient as well Mixed media on wood as the Ethiopian resistance to colonial When artist Kevin Cole was 18, experience. Through painting, rule to a narrative of African American his grandfather showed him sculpture, and works on paper, African struggle and achievement. a tree in his Tarry, Arkansas, Gift of the Fuller Family , © Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller neighborhood from which African American artists have revealed how they American men were routinely lynched for attempting to vote. When these men were killed, view and interpret their world. From earlier their neckties would be wrapped around the artists such as Robert S. Duncanson and hanging noose. Cole’s chilling memory of this event inspired him to incorporate the abstracted Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller to contemporary form of the necktie in his work. By doing so, he seeks to transform this gruesome legacy artists such as Amy Sherald and Kevin Cole, into his contemporary vision of the inner each comments on life in a visual language strength, resiliency, and self-determination of African American men. of their own making. While the works may Gift of Greg and Yolanda Head, © Kevin Cole delight and stimulate the senses, each, in its own way, also contributes to the understanding of an era.

Robert S. Duncanson (1821-1872), The Garden of Eden, 1852 Oil on canvas Robert Duncanson’s painting is part of a long tradition of artists portraying biblical subjects in their work. His decision to focus A Place for All People: Introducing the National on the richly imagined flora and fauna of the Garden of Eden, Museum of African American History and as opposed to Adam and Eve, reveals his professional specialty Culture is organized by the Smithsonian in landscape painting. This is a smaller version of a painting Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, Duncanson presented to Rev. Charles Avery, a well-known in collaboration with the museum. abolitionist, for his efforts on behalf of the enslaved. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s Gift of Louis Moore Bacon National Museum of African American History and Culture.

DAGUERREOTYPES, AMBROTYPES, “PHOTOGRAPHS, AND ELECTROTYPES, GOOD AND BAD, NOW ADORN OR Young woman receives her voter registration card, IMaGE DISFIGURE ALL OUR DWELLINGS. . . . Fayette County, TN, 1960, Ernest C. Withers Ernest Withers (1922–2007) was a noted photographer known for his work in Memphis, Tennessee. He also had a longstanding MEN OF ALL CONDITIONS career photographing the Civil Rights Movement. PoWER MAY SEE THEMSELVES © Ernest C. Withers Trust AS OTHERS SEE THEM. WHAT WAS ONCE THE EXCLUSIVE LUXURY OF THE RICH AND GREAT IS NOW WITHIN REACH OF ALL.” –, American abolitionist, author, and statesman, 1861

The power of images is one African Americans have understood since

commercial photography was introduced Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to the United States in 1839. Many African and Dexter Scott King, 1962, Americans used picture-taking as a tool James H. Karales James Karales (1930–2002), for self-expression and self-representation. was a photojournalist whose work covering the 1965 Creatively, photography was used as a lens Selma to Montgomery march through which beauty, dignity, and social produced some of the most iconic images of the modern change was documented, highlighting the Civil Rights Movement. Here, everyday and monumental moments Karales captures an intimate moment between Dr. Martin of black life in America. Luther King, Jr. and his young son, Dexter Scott King. Gift of Monica Karales and the Estate of James Karales, © Estate of James Karales Rude Boy, early 1980s, Jamel Shabazz Jamel Shabazz (b. 1960) is a Brooklyn, New York, based photographer. Unicycle Basketball, ca. 1960, Taken in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn in the 1980s, the style and pose reflects Lloyd W. Yearwood the street style among young Lloyd Yearwood (1925–2011) Caribbean men of this era. has been considered the Gift of Jamel Shabazz, © Jamal Shabazz “Dean of Photographers.” He dedicated four decades of his life to documenting the lives of those who resided in and visited Harlem, New York. Yearwood was A Place for All People: Introducing the National also the personal photographer of Museum of African American History and community activist and Nation of Culture is organized by the Smithsonian Islam minister . Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, © Estate of Lloyd W. Yearwood in collaboration with the museum. All images and objects from the Collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture.