018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 581

Subject Index

Abdomen 265 Ampulla of Vater 310 Abdominal biopsy 575 Amyloid 246 Abdoscan 336 Anal atresia 532 Abscess 512 Anal carcinoma 360 – cerebral 138 Anal sphincter 342, 357 – intracerebral 137 Anal stenosis 551 – renal 540 Anaplastic 98 Accessory artery 424 Androgens 325 AcetabularA labrum 224 Anemia, aplastic 554 Achilles 247 Aneurysm 373, 410 Achilles tendon 246 – infrarenal 420 Achondroplasia 84 – cavernous segment of ICA 114 ACL disruption, several secondary MR signs 228 – splenic 316 ACL tears 226 Aneurysmal bone cyst 223, 537, 559 Acoustic nerve schwannoma Angiocardiography 382 – necrosis 104 Angiogram, pulmonary 464 Acoustic schwannoma 176 Angiomyolypoma 323 – bilateral 104 Angioplasty 435 Acquisition 19 – MR-guided intravascular 580 Acromion, abnormal form and shape of 217 Angiosarcoma 384, 388 ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) 328 – right ventricle 389 ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) 116 Angular momentum 2 ADEM (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) 139, 513 Ankle 232 Adenocarcinoma 192, 347, 351, 355 Annular tears 161 Adenohypophysis 109 Anomalous pulmonary venous return 466 Adenoid cystic carcinoma 204 Anorectal 341 Adenoma 200, 275, 292 Anorectal anomalies 551 – pleomorphic 198 Anorectal atresia 358 Adenomyosis 339, 345 Anorectal canal 358 Adenosis, focal 484 Anorectal region 357 ADH (atypical ductal hyperplasia) 484 Anterior cruciate ligament 226 Adipose infiltration 383 Anterior sacral meningocele 532 Adrenal adenoma 327, 328, 330 Anterior tibial artery 435 Adrenal cortical carcinoma 328 Antiperistaltic 336 Adrenal gland 319, 325–327, 544 Anus 335 Adrenal hemorrhage 332, 545 – ectopic 551 Adrenal hyperplasia 327 – imperforate 551 Adrenal metastases 333 Aorta Adrenocortical mass lesions 327 – abdominal 411 Adrenoleukodystrophy 128, 508 – thoracic 411 Adverse reaction, anaphylatic reaction 57 Aortic arch vessel 411 Agenesis Aortic dissection 411, 414 – partial 532 Aortic kinking 420 – total 532 Aorto-pulmonary window 454 Agyria (Iissencephaly) 493 Aplasia of the 495 AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) 512 Apoferritin 66 Alcohol 135 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 116 Alexander disease 128, 510 Arachnoid cyst 90 Alobar form 494 – suprasellar 113 Alveolitis 456, 457 Arnold-Chiari I 497 Alzheimer-type dementia 141 Arnold-Chiari II 497 , 529 Ammon’s horn sclerosis 144 Arnold-Chiari III 498 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 582

582 Subject Index

Arnold-Chiari malformation 497 Basion 84 Artefactual signal loss 444 BAT (bolus arrival time) 408 Arterial spin labeling 116 BBB (blood-brain barrier) 56 Arteriovenous malformation 125, 418 Behcet’s disease 466 Artery Bicommissural line 79 – abdominal 426 Bile duct stone 302 – anterior tibial 435 Biliary system 271, 301 – brachial 411 Biopsy – of the calf 423, 432 – abdominal 575 – carotid 410, 412 – bone 576 – centric phase-encoding 438 – of breast lesions 574 – of the feet 427, 433 – endomyocardial 382 – of the hand 438 – head and neck 576 – inferior cerebellar 410 – liver 576 – of the leg 423 Biopsy artifacts in prostate 355 – of the lower leg 433 Black-blood MRA 402 – mesenteric 419, 423 Bladder – of the pelvis 423 – cancer 351 – pelvic 427, 432 – carcinoma 351 – peripheral 425 – diffuse disease 352 – posterior cerebral 410 – endometriosis 351 – pulmonary 413 – overfilling 336 – rapid venous return 438 – pathology, benign 351 – renal 419, 420 Blake’s pouch (s. also retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst) 85, 499 – subclavian 411, 413, 444 Blastoma 231 – transposition of the great 395 Bleomycin 457 – vertebral 410 Blood cell, red 65 Artery stenosis Blood motion 449 – iliac 429 Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) 6 – – common iliac 424 Blood-brain barrier (BBB) 56 – renal 419, 432 Blood-pool agents 62 Arthritis Blurring 156 – rheumatoid 218, 222 Body phased-array coil 367, 435, 438 – septic 557 BOLD (Blood oxygenation level-dependent) 6 Artifact 215, 398 Bolus geometry 407 – susceptibility 153 Bolus Asthma 457 – autoamted 408 Astrocytoma 97, 166, 168, 501, 516, 518, 535 – dilution 408 – circumscribed 98 – timing 406, 408 – fibrillary 98 Bone Atelectasis 455 – biopsy 576 – non-obstructive 455 – sclerotic 161 – obstructive 455 Bone cyst – rounded 458 – aneurysmal 223, 537 Atelectatic lung 449 – simple 218 Atresia Bone infarction 416, 554 – anal 532 Bone marrow 240 – anorectal 358 Bone marrow edema 225 – rectal 551 Bone marrow in children, normal appearance 552 Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) 484 Bone tumor 354 AV malformation 161, 441 Borders 474 – upper-limb 443 Botallo’s duct 418 Avulsion fractures 568 Bowing fractures 568 Axis Brachial plexus 454 – long 367 Brain 77, 491 – short 367 – herniation 93 – iron 141 – pediatric 492 B value 116 Brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic in term and preterm infants 522 Back pain 167 Brain lesion, ring-enhancing 95 Baker’s cyst 266 Brainstem 102 Bandwidth 11, 20 Brainstem glioma 105–107 Bankart lesion 215 – fibrillary 107 Basilar impression 84 – pilocytic 107 BasilarB invagination 84 BRCA1/BRCA2 475, 478 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 583

Subject Index 583

– gene carrier 475 Cardiac protheses 366 – mutation carrier 478 Cardiac tumor, secondary 389 Breast 469 Cardiomyopathy 384 – indications 470 – congestive (dilated) 378, 379 – surface 470 – hypertrophic 378 – symmetric 484 ––obstructive380 Breast cancer 469 – restrictive 378, 381, 382 – ductal invasive 477 CARE bolus 40 – family history 478 Caroli’s syndrome 303 – invasive 476 Carotid artery 410 – lobular 477 – stenosis 404, 412 – medullary 479 Carotid bifurcation 398, 410 Breast lesions, biopy 574 Carotid disease 412 Breast tissue, normal 473 Cartilage repair, postoperative ligament 229 Breath-holding 398 Catecholamine 332 Brodie’s abscess 243 Caudal-regression syndrome 532 Bronchiectasis 457 Cavernous hemangioma 126 Bronchogenic carcinoma 453 Cavernous malformation 107, 126 – peripheral (T1) 455 Cavernous portal vein transformation 281 Bronchogenic cysts 463, 464 Cavernous sinus 124 Buck’s fascia 361 CBF (cerebral blood flow) 115 Bucket-handle tears 226 CCC (Cholangiocarcinoma) 301 Budd-Chiari-Syndrome 281 CE MRA 425 Bulging 383 – CM-application features 433 – diastolic 373 – peripheral arteries 433 – disc 161 – renal arteries 433 Bull’s horn 87 Cell, hematopoietic 240 Bundles of Probst 492 ce-MRA (see also contrast-enhanced MR angiography) 8, 36, Bypass graft, aorto-bifemoral 423 304, 312, 405 Bypass surgery, distal 427 – bolus arrival time (BAT) 408 – empiric timing 408 – inflow 408 – phase effects 408 Calcification 463 – timing bolus 408 Callosal dysgenesis 498 Central k-space imaging 411 Canavan disease 128, 510 Central pontine myelinolysis 135, 136 Cancer Central zone 354, 355 – ductal invasive 476 Cerebellar astrocytoma 107 – lobular invasive 476 Cerebellar infarct 121 – medullar 476 Cerebral artery, aneurysm 399 – mucinous 476 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) 115 – tubularC 476 Cerebritis 138, 512 Candida albicans 282 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 150 Capillary telangiectasia – flow compensation 151 – multiple 126 Cerebrovascular disease 522 – pons 126 Cervical carcinoma 347–349 Carcinoma 521 Cervical spine, postoperative 153 – adenoid cystic 204 Cervical stenosis 344, 346 – bladder 351 Cervix 335, 338, 342, 344 – cervical 347–349 – carcinoma 348, 349 – colorectal 358 Changes – embryonal 519 – fibrocystic 484 – endometrial 347 – mastopathic 484 – hepatocellular 548 – postoperative 165 – penile urethra 362 Charcot 243 – prostatic 355–357, 362 Chemical shift 6, 45 – rectal 341, 359, 360 – artifacts 11 – synovial 231 Chemotherapy 135 – urethral 362 Chest 447 – vulval 342, 363 – coils 448 Carcinoma in situ 346, 348 – MR angiography 452 – ductal 479 – planes 448 Carcinomatosis, peritoneal 283 – positioning 448 Carcinosarcoma 351 – pulse sequence and contrast mechanisms 450 Cardiac and large blood-vessel motion 449 – respiratory motion 448 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 584

584 Subject Index

Chest wall 454 Constructive interference steady-state (CISS) 27, 28 Chiari I malformation 84 Contrast agent 53, 96, 274, 372 Chiari II malformation 84, 85 – hepatobiliary 59 Child abuse 525 – liver-specific 58 Childhood, spinal tumors 535 – lymphographic 62 Children 147, 149, 158 – tissue-specific 58 – normal appearance of bone marrow 552 Contrast enhancement, intravascular 121 Cholangiocarcinoma 275, 300–303 Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (see also ceMRA) 8, 36, Cholangiopancreatography 272 304, 312, 405 Cholangitis, sclerosing 302 – center of k-space 405 Cholecystitis, chronic 301 – centric acquisition 405 Choledochal cyst 550 – contrast agent 405 Choledocholithiasis 303 – high-performance MR system 405 Chondroblastoma 218, 225 – intravascular vessel contrast 405 Chondroma 221 – k-space data 405 Chondromalacia 229 – linear 405 Chondromatosis, synovial 220, 225 – ringing artifacts 405 Chondrosarcoma 223, 256, 537 – timing of the contrast bolus 405 Chordoma 223, 537 – venous enhancement 405 Choriocarcinoma 519 Contrast-induced susceptibility 413 Choroid plexus 97 Contrast medium 408 – cyst 107 Conus medullaris 155 – lesions 107 COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 457 – papilloma 91, 107, 521 Cord ependymoma 166 Chronic cholecystitis 301 Core biopsy 470 Chronic overuse syndrome 253 Coronal image 79 Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) 243 Coronary 376 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) Coronary artery 378 466 Coronary reserve 376 Cine MR imaging 375, 379 Coronary stent 366 Circulation time 406 Corpus callosum 86 Cirrhosis 277 – agenesis of the 86, 87 CISS (constructive interference steady-state) 27, 28 – anomalies 492 Claustrophobic reactions 147 Corpus luteum 349 Clear-cell sarcoma 540 Cortical dysplasia 493 Clival chordoma 196 Cortical 501 Cloacal anomalies 551 520 Closed-lip schizencephaly 497 – adamantinomatous type 113 CM concentration, intravascular 407 – papillary type 113 CMV (cytomegalovirus) 494, 511 Criteria, diagnostic 474 CNS neoplasm, drop metastasis 536 CRMO (chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis) 243 Coarctation 396 Cryotherapy 579 – corrected thoracic 426 Cryptorchidism 362 Coil 78 CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) 150 – endoanal 337 – pulsation 151 – endorectal 337, 340, 356 CTEPH (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) – endovaginal 337 466 – intracavitary 337 Currarino triad 532, 533 Collapsed scar 69 Cushing’s syndrome 327, 331 Collateral 426 Cyst 321, 455 Collateral flow 410, 429 – bronchogenic 463, 464 Collateral ligaments 218 – choledochal 550 Collateralized 438 – complicated 487 Colorectal carcinoma 368 – dermoid 530 Colorectal metastases 294 – epidermoid 530 Colpocephaly 492 – esophageal duplication 463 Compartment syndrome 253 – liver 547 Compensation for breathing artifacts 418 – mediastinal 460, 463 Compression syndrome, neurovascular 179 – mesenteric 549 Configuration 474 – neurogenic 464 Congenital anomalies 321, 344 – pericardial 463 Congenital heart disease 393, 394 – simple 538 Congenital infections 511 – splenic 316 Conn’s syndrome 327 – thymic 463 Constrictive pericarditis 392 Cystic fibrosis 457 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 585

Subject Index 585

Cystic lesion 95, 169 Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) 8, 114, 117, 158 Cystitis 352 Digital substraction angiography (DSA) 397, 432 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 494, 511 Dipole dipole interaction 4, 67, 69 Cytoscopy 341, 352 Dipyridamole 376 Disc – degenerative disc disease 150 – herniated 163 2D imaging 432 – intervertebral 150 2D PC MRA 429, 435 – sequestered 162 2D sequential-slice MRA 398 Disc disease, degernative 162 2D TOF MRA, Parameter 400 Disc herniation 164, 166 3D acquisition 398 – nomenclature 163 3D CE MRA 430 – recurrent 152, 167 3D PCA 420 – residual 152 3D TOF MRA, Parameter 400 Discectomy 161 DAI (diffuseD axonal injury) 142, 143 Discitis 533 DAI lesion Dislocation 222 – basal ganglia 142 Dissection – brainstem 142 – aortic 411, 414 – cerebellum 142 – flap, after PTA 439 – cerebral hemisphere 142 – membrane 421 – corpus callosum 142 Dobutamine 376 – T2*-WI 142 – stress 370, 376 Dandy-Walker ”variant” 85 Documentation 472 Dandy-Walker complex 498 Dorsal sinus 528 Dandy-Walker malformation 85, 498 Double-echo steady-state (DESS) 28 Dark-blood 369 Drash syndrome 542 – preparation 44 Drop metastasis, from CNS neoplasm 536 Dawson’s finger 130, 133 DS MRA, subtracted 441 dB/dt - fast changes in magnetic field gradient 52 DSA(digital substraction angiography) 397, 432 DCIS (ductal carcinoma-in-situ) 473, 476, 481, 487 DSC (dynamic susceptibility contrast) imaging 116 Death, sudden 382 Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) 473, 476, 479, 481, 487 Dedicated interventional systems 572 Ductal invasive cancer 476 Degeneration 217, 220, 221, 224, 226, 229, 235 Ductus arteriosus, patent 418 Degenerative disease 161 Duplication cyst 550 – uncovertebral 162 DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) 8, 114, 117, 158 Delayed-onset muscle sorenes 253 DWI/PWI mismatch 120 Demyelination Dynamic imaging 110 – degenerative 135 Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging 116 – toxic 135 Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors 519 Denaturation of haemoglobin 65 Dyskinesia 383 Deoxyhaemoglobin 66, 67, 68 Dysontogenetic pancreatic cyst 308 Deoxyhaemoglobin 6 Dysplasia Dephasing artifacts 430 – cortical 493 DeQuervain 246 – fibrous 225 Dermal sinus 528 – septo-optic 495 – congenital 530 – triangle of 384 Dermatomyositis 562 Dermoid cyst 530 Dermoid 536 Desmoid 265 Early subacute stage 69 DESS (double-echo steady-state) 28 Eccentric calcified plaque 438 Developmental venous anomaly 127 ECG gating 366, 398 Diagnostic criteria 487 Echinococcal disease 281 Diagnostic interventions 574 Echo planar imaging (EPI) 34 Diamagnetic effects 66, 67 Echo time TE 5 Diamagnetism 66 Echocardiography 382 Diastematomyelia 528, 530, 531 Echo-planar imaging (EPI) 34, 116 Diastolic bulging 373 Ectasia,E biliary 539 Differential diagnosis of common mediastinal masses 460 Ectopic anus 551 Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) 142, 143 Ectopic lobe 110 Diffuse growth pattern 478 Edema 115, 225 Diffusion coefficient 8 – cutaneous 479 Diffusion imaging 577 – cytotoxic 93, 115 Diffusion-perfusion mismatch 114 – interstitial 93, 472 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 586

586 Subject Index

– myocardial 373 External iliac artery, occlusion 429 – vasogenic 93, 116 Extra-axial 91 EG (eosinophilic granuloma) 255, 559 Extra-axial tumor 92 Ejection fraction 391 Extra-axial tumor location, signs of 96 Elbow joint 218 Extracellular contrast agent Electron, unpaired 69 –Dotarem55 Embolism –Gadovist55 – intravascular 431 –Magnevist55 – pulmonary 417, 464, 465 –MultiHance55 Embryonal carcinoma 519 –Omniscan55 Emphysema 457 – Optimark 55 Empty sella 113 – ProHance 55 Empyema 136, 512 Extrusion 163 – subdural 137 Eye and orbit 180 Encephalitis 513 – cytomegalovirus 138 – disseminata 514 – herpes 138 Facet joints 162 – herpes simplex virus (HSV) 138 Facial nerve schwannoma 105 – HIV 138, 139 Fallopian tube 344 – papovavirus 138 Fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) 27 Encephalocele 492 Fast low angle shot (FLASH) 25 Encephalomalacia 523 Fast spin-echo (FSE) 33 – cystic 512 Fat suppression 472 – post-tramatic 142 Fat-saturation technique 398 Enchondroma 256 Fatty liverF 277 Endoanal coil 337 Fatty replacement 383 Endodermal sinus tumor 519 FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) 375 Endometrial carcinoma 347 Feeder vessels 410 Endometrial hyperplasia 344 Flexion/extension imaging 158 Endometrial polyps 344 Female 342 Endometriosis of the bladder 351 Femoral artery Endometrium 343 – deep 438 Endorectal coil 337, 340, 356 – occlusion 430 Endovaginal coil 337 – sequence parameters 424 Endplate changes 161 Femoral stress fracture 244 Enhancement Ferritin 66, 67 – dendritic, branching 482 Fibroadenoma 473 – kinetics 474 – blooming 484 – linear-branching 487 – myxoid 484 – progression 477 – sclerotic 484 – rate 473 Fibrocystic disease 473 – regional 482 Fibrolipohamartoma 260 – segmental 482, 487 Fibroma 384, 388 – threshold 472 Fibromatosis, juvenile 564 – velocity 473 Fibromuscular dysplasia 420 Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) 255, 559 – bilateral 425 Ependymoma 97, 00, 107, 166–168, 518, 535 Fibrosarcoma 564 EPI (echo planar imaging) 34, 116 Fibrosis 456, 457 Epicondylitis 219 – cystic 457 Epidermoid cyst 265, 530 – epidural 166, 167 Epidermoid tumor 105 – hepatic 539 Epidermoids 536 – regressive changes 484 Epidural fibrosis 167 Fibrous replacement 383 Epidural hemorrhage 142 Field of view (FoV) 10, 19, 81 Epidymorchitis 362 FIGO 346 142 FISP (fast imaging with steady-state precession) 27 ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) 272, Fistula, perianal 358 283, 310 FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) 16, 23, 80, 123 Ernst angle 25 – sequence 133 Erythema 479 FLASH (fast low angle shot) 25 Even-echo rephasing 124 Flow artifacts 150, 151 Ewing’s sarcoma 258, 537, 564 Flow compensation 8 Excitations, number of (NEX) 82 Flow rate 433 External genitalia 335, 342 Flow-related signal loss 402 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 587

Subject Index 587

Flow voids 398 Globoid cell leukodystrophy 508 Flow-encoding gradient 425 Glomerulonephritis 321 Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) 16, 23, 80, 123 Glomus tumor 265 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 375 Glomus vagale 195 Fluoroscopic 408 Glucocorticoid steroids 325 Fluoroscopic technique 425 Glutaric aciduria type I 509 FMD (fibromuscular dysplasia) 420 GMR (gradient motion rephasing) 8, 36, 400 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) 161 Golfer’s elbow 219 FMRT 571 Goodpasture’s syndrome 456 FNH (focal nodular hyperplasia) 275, 290, 291 Gradient motion rephasing (GMR) 8, 36, 400 – T2-W 291 Granuloma 454, 455 Focal adenosis 473 – eosinophilic 255 Focal liver disease 285 Granulomatous disease 285, 351 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 275, 290, 291 Grave’s disease 460, 461 Focused ultrasound 579 Gray matter heterotopia 492 Follicular phase 343 Gray-white matter, loss of distinction 121 Foot arteries 427 Greenstick fractures 568 Foot joints 232 Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) 496 Foraminal stenosis 152 Growth pattern, diffuse 478 FoV (field of view) 10, 19, 81 – rectangular 82 Fracture 225, 568 FSE (fast spin-echo) 33 Haemaglobin Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 161 – denaturation 65 Fungal infection 514 – oxidation 65 Haemangioma 185 Haemorrhage 65 –acute68 Gadolinium – adrenal 545 – Gd-DTPA 54 – changes of intracranial 68 – dose 56 –chronic68H Gadolinium chelate, aerolised 451 – classification 76 Galen aneurysm 524 –early subacute68 Gallbladder 302 – hyperacute 67, 68 Gangliocytoma 519 – intracerebral 74, 125 Ganglioglioma 519 – intratumoral 72 GanglionG cyst 222, 266 – intraventricular 72, 523 Ganglioneuroblastoma 461 – late subacute 68 Ganglioneuroma 545 – parenchymal 67 Gastrointestinal contrast agent – petechial 142 – Abdoscan 63 – subarachnoid 72, 123, 526 –FerriSeltz63 – subdural 526 – LumenHance 63 Haemosiderin 67, 72 – Lumirem 63 Half dose 110 – Magnevist enteral 63 Half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) 34, Gating, retrospective cardiac 42 274, 269 Gaucher disease 554 Half-Fourier imaging 31 GBM (glioblastoma multiforme) 94, 98 Hamartoma 351, 500 Genitalia, external 335, 342 – cortical 501 Genu 86 – subependymal 501 Germ-cell tumor 459, 460, 519 – 114, 521 Germinal matrix bleeding 523 Hand arteries 438, 442 Germinoma 114, 519 Hand-Schüller-Christian disesase (HSC) 559 Gerota’s fascia 326 HASTE (half-Fourier acquired single-shot turbo spin-echo) 34, GHD (growth hormone deficiency) 496 274, 369 Giant-cell astrocytoma 501 HASTIRM 34 Giant-cell tumor 231, 255, 257, 537 HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) 275, 276, 281, 285, 298, 548 Gibbs ringing 47 Head coil Glans 363 – circularly polarized (CP) 78 Glial tumor 97 – phased-array 78, 82 Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 94, 98 –splenoid78 Glioma 97, 499 Heart 365 – hypothalamic 113 – primary tumors of 384 – optochiasmatic 113 Heart disease Gliomatosis cerebri 99 – congenital 393, 394 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 588

588 Subject Index

– ischemic 372 Hypertension, severe 425 Hemangioblastoma 108, 169, 502, 535 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 380 Hemangioendothelioma 548 Hypertrophy, prostatic 354 Hemangioma 222, 275, 287, 384, 537, 548, 562 Hypokinesia 383 Hematoma Hypopharynx 203 –age of65 Hypophysis 109 – intracerebral 142 Hypoplasia of the pituitary gland 495 – intrahemispheric subdural 526 Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction 495 –rim of72 Hypothyroidism 461 – subdural 142 Hysterectomy 347 Hematopoietic cell 240 Hemichrome 66 Hemimegalencephaly 497 Hemimyelocele 532 IBCs Hemochromatosis 279, 315 – medullar 478 Hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal nocturnal 279 – non-enhancing 487 Hemophilia 556 ICA diameter 411 Hemosiderosis 243 Iliac artery stenosis, high-grade stenoses of common 435 Hepatic fibrosis 539 Iliac artery, sequence parameters 424 Hepatic metastases 549 Image orientation 472 Hepatitis C 299 Image quality 407 Hepatobiliary agent 272, 276, 285, 300 ImagingI 398 Hepatobiliary contrast agents 290 – functional 158 –Eovist 59 Imperforate anus 551 – MultiHance 59 Impingement syndrome 246 – Teslascan 59 Implant Hepatoblastoma 548 – electronic 152 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 275, 276, 281, 285, 298, 548 – metallic 152 Hepatocytes 58 iMRI (interventional magnetic resonance) 571 –Eovist60 iMRI device 572 – MultiHance 60 iMRI instrument 573 – Teslascan 60 Incidentaloma 111 Herpes simplex I 513 Increase spatial resolution 407 Herpes simplex virus 511 Induratio penis plastica 362 Heterotopia 88 Infantile (recessive) polycystic disease 539 High-grade stenosis of the deep femoral artery 430 Infarct 456 High-resolution 2D cross-sectional images 440 – lacunar 122 High-risk patient 475 – splenic 315 Hill-Sachs lesion 215 Infarction Hip joint 224 – acute 115 Hippocampal sclerosis 144 – chronic 122 Hippocampus 144, 146 – hyperacute 115 Histiocytoma, fibrous 384 – myocardial 374, 375 HIV 511, 512 – subacute 122 Hodgkin’s disease 462 Infection 225 Holoprosencephaly 494 – congenital 511 – lobar 495 – fungal 514 Hormone, ovarian 474 – spinal 533 Horseshoe 354 Infectious disease 281 HSC (Hand-Schüller-Christian disesase) 559 Infectious lesion 164 HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 1 138 Infectious pathology 165 HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 2 138 Inflammation 218, 220, 222, 224, 230, 235 Hydranencephaly 511 – grading 223 Hydrocele 362 – pelvic 349 Hydrocephalus 499, 500, 511 – perivascular 130 Hydrosyringomyelia 529 Inflammatory disease 161, 341 Hydrouretheronephrosis 322 Inflammatory lesion 164 Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition 218 Infra-tentorial 91 Hyperintense vessel sign 120 Injection, separate 425 Hyperintensity In-phase 320, 329, 471 – deep white matter 140 – TE 472 – perivascular 140 In-phase/opposed-phase situation 23 – periventricular 140 In-plane resolution 81 Hyperplasia, endometrial 344 Instability 222 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 589

Subject Index 589

Instrument visualization Kidney 319 – catheter visualization 573 – abnormalities 538 – passive visualization 572 – multicystic 538 – signal void 572 – polycystic 538 – susceptibility 572 – transplanted 325 Insufficiency fractures 222 – tumors 540 Internal architecture 474 Kinetic analysis 473 Interventional magnetic resonance (iMRI) 571 Kinetic parameter 473 Intervention KlatskinK tumor 283, 303 ff – diagnostic 574 Klippel-Feil syndrome 84 – MR-guided intravascular 580 Knee joint 226 – therapeutic 576 Krabbe disease 128, 508 Intra-axial 91 k-space 13, 22 Intra-axial tumor 92 k-space imgaging, central 411 Intracavitary coils 337 k-space interpolation 30 Intracerebral haemorrhage 74 k-space segmentation, with echo-sharing 43 Intracranial haemorrhage, changes of 68 Intracranial hypertension 125 Intracranial injury 525 Intracranial mass 93 Labral lesion 224 Intracranial vascular malformation 410 Labrum shape, variants of 215 Intracranial vein 410 Labrum, acetabular 224 Intracranial vessels Labyrinthitis 175 – collateral flow 410 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 537, 559 – vertebrobasilar stenosis 410 Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome 177 Intradural extramedullary meningioma 171 Larmor frequency 3 Intraspinal extramedullary tumor 169 Larynx and hypopharynx 203 Intraspinal tumoral lesion 154 Laser-inducedL interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) 577, 578 Intraspinatus muscle 250 Late subacute stage haematoma 69 Inversion recovery (IR) 89 Lateral collateral ligament 229 Invertebral discs 149 Left atrial myxoma 387 Invisible water pool 4, 9 Left bundle branch block 382 IR (inversion recovery) 89 Left ventricular lipoma 388 IR techniques 23 Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 554 IRM 23 Leigh disease 128, 509 Iron-storage disorders 554 Leiomyoma 339, 344, 351 Ischaemic pain, lower limb 431 Leiomyosarcoma 389 Ischemia 225 Lesion – mesenteric 423 –detection59 – myocardial 373 – infectious 164 Ischemic heart disease 372 – inflammatory 164 Ischemic medullary lesion 154 – morphology 471 Ischiorectal fossae 358 Lesion contrast-enhancement kinetics 471 Islet-cell tumor 313 Letter-Siwe disease (LS) 559 Leukemia 242, 537, 564 Leukencephalopathy, progressive multifocal 513 Leuko-araiosis 123 J-coupling 33 Leukodystrophy 128 Joint 211 Leukoencephalopathy – contrast medium application 212 – microangiopathic 123 – periarticular 266 – subcortical 123 – planes 212 Levator ani muscle 340 – positioning 212 Ligament injuries 221, 233 – sequence protocols 212 Linear-branching enhancement 487 – special coils 212 Lingual thyroid 201 JPA J(juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma) 107, 516 Lipoid pneumonia 456 Jugular fossa schwannoma 105 Lipoma 222, 384, 388, 458, 536 Jumper’s knee 229, 247 – intradural 530 Junctional zone 343 – spinal 527 Juvenile chronic polyarthritis 556 Lipomyelomeningocele 530 Juvenile fibromatosis 564 Liposarcoma 264 Juvenile pilotic astrocytoma (JPA) 107, 516 Lissencephaly (agyria) 493, 511 LITT (laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy) 577, 578 – applicator 578 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 590

590 Subject Index

Liver 271, 272 Mastitis 479 – abscess, amebic 284 Matrix 81 – adenoma 278, 292 –size19 – biopsy 576 Maximum intensity projection (MIP) 37, 403, 472 – cysts 286, 547 Measurement parameter 406 – disease Medial collateral ligament 228 – – focal 285 Mediastinal cyst 460, 463 – – vascular 279 Mediastinal masses, differential diagnosis of common 460 Liver hemangioma Mediastinal tumor, primary – type 1 288 – germ-cell tumor 459 – type 2 288 – Thymus 459 – type 3 288 Mediastinum 458 Liver metastases 286 Medulla oblongata 102 – hypervascular 293, 294 Medullary cancer 476 Liver-specific contrast agent 58 Medulloblastoma 107, 515 Lobar holoprosencephaly 495 Megacisterna magna 85, 86, 498 Lobular invasive cancer 476 Megalencephaly, unilateral 497 Localization, MR-guided 574 Melanoma Localizer scan 79 – metastasis 296 Longitudinal magnetization 2 – uveal 183 Longitudinal relaxation time 4 MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis Lower leg arteries, sequence parameters 424 and stroke) 509 Lower limb 266 MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) 332 Lower urinary tract 542 MEN IIa 546 LS (Letter-Siwe disease) 559 MEN IIb 546 Lumbar artery 424 Meningioma 92, 105, 113, 169, 171 Lumbar back pain 62 Meningitis 512 Lumbar spine, postoperative 161, 166 – bacterial 136 Lumbar vertebrae 532 – fungal 136 Lung 452 – tuberculous 139 – atelectatic 449 – viral 136 – tumor 449 Meningocele 529 Lyme disease 513 – lateral thoracic 500 Lymph node 335 Meningoencephalitis 512 – involvement 472 Meningomyelocele 497 Lymphadenopathy 462, 463 Menisci 226 Lymphangioma 550 Meniscofemoral ligament 229 Lymphangiomatosis 550 Menstrual cycle 343, 475 Lymphangiosis 479 Mesencephalon 102 Lymphatic tissue 462 Mesenteric artery 419 Lymphatics 460 Mesenteric cyst 549 Lymphographic contrast agent 62 Mesenteric ischaemia, chronic 423 Lymphoma 100, 389, 460, 462, 537, 550, 564 Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) 142, 144, 145 – intracranial 100 Mesorectal fascia 358 Lymphomatous disease 285 Mesorectum 358, 360 Lypomyelocele 530 Mesothelioma 384, 458 Metabolic disease 218 Metabolic disorder 507 Metachromatic leukodystrophy 507 Magnet, permanent 21 Metallic prosthetic 362 Magnetic field 19 Metastases 92, 5, 225 Magnetic force 52 – colorectal 294 Magnetic moment 2 – hepatic 549 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) – intracranial 100 Magnetic susceptibility 6 – osseous 472 Magnetization transfer (MT) 9, 18, 91, 402 – posterior fossa 109 Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) 18 – vertebral 154 MagnetizationM transfer saturation (MTS) 18 Metastatic disease 324, 564 Magnetization-prepared rapid-acquired gradient-echoes Methaemoglobin 66, 67 (MPRAGE) sequence 29 Methylmalonic acidemia 128 Male external genitalia 361 Microcalcification 479 Marfan’s syndrome 532 Migrating infarct 509 Marrow 240 Migration 163 Marrow edema, transient 244 Migration disorder 89, 146 Marrow pathology 246 Minor salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma 200 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 591

Subject Index 591

MIP (maximum intensity projection) 37, 403, 472 Mucoid degeneration 249 – non-subtracted 441 Müllerian duct 344 Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis – cyst 354 and stroke (MELAS) 509 Multidirectional projection 429 Mitral regurgitation 381 Multi-echo approach 22 Modic type changes 162 Multi-injection MRA 425 Morton’s neuroma 266 Multi-location MRA 425 Motion artifacts 366 Multilocular cystic nephroma 539 MOTSA (multiple, overlapping, thin-slice acquisition) 402 Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) 472 Moving table 431 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 332 Moving table MRA 427 Multiple metastases 103 Moyamoya disease 525 Multiple myeloma 241 Moymoya syndrome 500, 525 Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) 496 MPHD (multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies) 496 Multiple sclerosis (see also MS) 79, 164, 128, 129, 132, 514, 533 MPR (multiplanar reconstruction) 472 Multiple, overlapping, thin-slice acquisition (MOTSA) 402 MPRAGE (magnetization-prepared rapid-acquired gradient- Mural thrombi 373, 375 echoes) sequence 29 Muscle contusion 249 MR angiogram, selective 398 Muscle fibrosis 254 MR angiography 57, 114, 158, 259, 273 Muscle soreness, delayed-onset 253 – protocol 410 Musculotendinous junction 251 MR arthrography 224 Musculotendinous unit (MTU) 245 MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) 273 Myelination 503 MR contrast agent 5 – abnormal 506, 507 MR finding 226 – delayed 128, 506 MR imaging, dynamic – disorder 507 – intratumoral necrosis 259 – normal development 127 – postoperative inflammatory changes 259 Myelocele 529 – rim-to-center enhancement (RTC) 259 Myelocystocele 530 – wash-out 259 Myelogram 160 MR lymphography 464 Myeloma, multiple 241 MR myelography 158 Myelomeningitis 154 MR profiling 573 – tuberculous 165 MR signs synovitis 230 Myelomeningocele 528, 529 MR thermometry 571, 577 Myelolipoma 331 MR tracking 573 Myocardial edema 373 MR venography (MRV) 409 Myocardial infarction 374, 375 MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) 397 – acute 373 – multiphase 408 Myocardial ischemia 373 MRA technique 398 Myocardial wall thickening 375 – various 409 Myocardium MRCP 274, 301, 304, 312 – hibernating 372 MR-guided abdominal and pelvic biopsy 575 – right ventricular 383 MR-guided intravascular angioplasty 580 – stunned 372 MR-guided intravascular intervention 580 Myometrium 343 MR-guided localization 574 Myositis ossificans 254 MR-guided therapy 571 Myxoma 384–386 MRI 312, 335 Myxopapillary type 167 – in rheumatoid conditions 230 MRV (MR venography) – contrast-enhanced 409 – direct 410 Nabothian cyst 346 – indirect 410 Nasopharynx 196 – susceptibility effects 409 Navigator echo 377, 418 MS (see also multiple sclerosis) 128 Navigator technique 44, 371 – age of symptom onset 129 Neck 265 – clinical course 129 – pain 167 – disease activity 132 Necrosis, avascular 225, 243, 554 – rule out 132 Neonate, appearance of the spine 526 MT (magnetization transfer) 9, 18, 91, 402 NeoplasticN pericardial disease 393 MTC (magnetization transfer contrast) 18 Nephritis 321 MTS (magnetization transfer saturation) 18 Nephroblastoma 540, 542 MTS (mesial temporal sclerosis) 142, 144, 145 Nephrotic syndrome 321 MTU (musculotendinous unit) 245 Nerve schwannoma, vestibular 500 Mucinous cancer 476 Neural foramen 170 Mucocoele 192 Neurinoma 169, 171 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 592

592 Subject Index

– intradural 171 PACE (prospective acquisition correction) 45 460, 461, 537, 544 Pacemaker 366 Neurodegenerative disease 141 Pachygyria 493 Neurodegenerative disorder 507 Paget’s disease 84 Neurofibroma 169, 170, 351, 461, 535, 536 Pain type I 499 – back 167 Neurofibromatosis type II 500 – neck 267 Neurogenic cyst 464 Pancoast tumour 454 Neurogenic tumor 461 PancreasP 271, 272, 304 Neurohypophysis 109 – cystic fibrosis 305 Neurolemmoma 169 – hemochromatosis 305 Neuro-MRA 398 – lipomatosis 305 Neurovascular bundle 356 – lymphoma 313 Neurulation 527 – metastases 313 NEX (number of excitations) 82 – transplantation 314 Nidus 125 – trauma 314 Non-proton MRI divisum 305 – He-3 451 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma 309–311 – Xe-129 451 Pancreatic pseudocyst 464 Nontumoral medullary lesion 154 Pancreatitis Normalization filter 22, 337 – acute 305 ff – calcification 307 – chronic 307 – cystic neoplasm 308 Oesophageal duplication cyst 463 – mucinous adenoma 308 Oesophagus 462 – pseudocyst 307, 308 Oligodendroglioma 97, 100 Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosing 513 Open magnets 571 Papilla of Vater 283 Open-lip schizencephaly 497 Papilloma 473 Opisthion 84 – inverted 192 Opposed-phase 329 384 Optic nerve sheath meningioma 185 Parallel acquisition technique (PAT) 32, 148 OpticO neuritis 79, 132, 135 Paramagnetism 54, 66 Oral cavity 202 Parametrial invasion 347 Oropharynx and oral cavity 200 Parametrial spread 339 Osmolality 56 Parametric images 473 Osseous metastases 472 Parametrium 344, 349 Osteoblastoma 537 Paranasal sinuses 185 Osteochondritis dissecans 220, 232, 555 Parasitic excitation 51 Osteochondroma 223 Parenchymal haemorrhage 67 Osteoid osteoma 225, 537, 559 Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 279 Osteomalacia 84 Partition thickness 432 Osteomyelitis 225, 243 Phase-contrast MRA 125 – acute 557 PAT (parallel acquisition technique) 32, 148 Osteophytic reactions 161 Patellar tendinitis 229 Osteoporosis, transient 243–245 Pathology, infectious 165 Osteosarcoma 537, 562 Patient Out of phase 320 – high-risk 475 – imaging 157 – pediatric 489 Ovarian carcinoma, bilateral 350 – uncooperative 158 Ovarian hormone 474 PC (phase contrast) 36 Ovary 339, 349 PC-MRA (phase contrast) 39, 403, 425, 430, 438 Overuse syndrome 219 Pd-W (proton-density weighted) 5 – chronic 253 Pediatric brain 492 Oxidation of haemoglobin 65 Pediatric patient 489 Oxygen enhancement 451 Pediatric pelvic 363 Oxyhaemoglobin 6, 66, 67 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease 128, 509 Pelvic inflammation 349 Pelvis 265, 335 Penile urethra 342 Penis 361 Penumbra 114 Perfusion 371, 375 – imaging 372 Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) 114, 116, 118 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 593

Subject Index 593

Perianal fistula 358 – malignant masses 458 Pericardial cyst 393, 463 – pleural effusion 458 Pericardial disease 392 – transudates 458 Pericardial effusion 392 Pleural metastases 458 Pericarditis, constrictive 392, 393 Pleural thickening 453 Pericardium 392 Plexiform neurofibroma 500 Peripheral occlusive disease 438 PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) 107, 515, 519, 537 Peripheral zone 340, 354, 355 Pneumonia 456 Peritoneal carcinomatosis 283 Polyarthritis, juvenile chronic 556 Peritoneum 343 Polymicrogyria 493 Perivascular space 140 Polyp, endometrial 344 Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) 523 Pons 102 Perivesical fat 341 Portal thrombosis 279 Permanent magnets 21 Portal varices 278 Peroneal tendons 235 Portal-venous system 275 PET (positron emission tomography) 375 Poser criteria 129 Peyronie’s disease 362 Positron emission tomography (PET) 375 Phakomatoses 499 Posterior cruciate ligament 228 Phase 8 Posterior fossa Phase contrast (PC-MRA) 36, 39 – arachnoid cyst of 499 – 2D ECG-triggered technique 403 – tumor 103 – flow-compensated image 403 Posterior tibial muscle tendon 235 – flow-encoded image 403 Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) 247 – flow-related phase 403 Postirridiation edema 260 – fresh thrombi 403 Postoperative lumbar spine 152 – phase shifts 403 Postpericardectomy syndrome 392 – Venc 403 Pouch of Douglas 363 Phased-array concept 22 Power injector 371 Phase-encoding PPH (primary pulmonary hypertension) 466 – centric 433 Precontrast mask 427 – elliptic-centric 433 Premenopausal patient 475 Phase-shift imaging 124 Preterm infant 331, 384, 545, 546 – arterial infarctions 524 Phyllodes tumor 483 – hypoxic-ischemic brain injury 522 Pick’s disease 141 Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) 466 Pigmented villonodular synovitis 231 Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) 107, 515, 519, 537 Pilocytic astrocytoma 99 Probst bundles 87 Pineal lesion 519 Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy 139, 513 520 Proliferation 484 Pineoblastoma 520 Prospective acquisition correction (PACE) 45 520 Prospective triggering 42 Prostate 335, 340 – acidophilic 111 – adenocarcinoma 355 – basophilic 111 – benign disease 354 – chromophobe 111 – biopsy artifacts 355 – eosinophilic 111 – cancer 356 – functioning 111 – carcinoma 355 – macroadenoma 112 – malignant disease 355 – microadenoma 111 Prostatectomy 356 – nonfunctioning 111 Prostatic carcinoma 355–357, 362 Pituitary gland Prostatic concept, zonal concept 354 – anaplasia 495 Prostatic hypertrophy 354 – hypoplasia 495 Prostatitis 355 – normal appearance 495 Prostheses 362 113 Protein binding 66 – enlargement 113 Proton density 3 Pixel bandwidth 11 Proton-density weighted (Pd-W) 5 Pixel size 82 Proximal branching 435 Pleomorphic adenoma 198 Pseudocyst, pancreatic 464 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) 100 Pseudotumor, idiopathic inflammatory 185 Pleura 452 PTT (posterior tibial tendon) 247 Pleural disease Pulmonary arteriogram 452 – benign masses 458 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation 466 – exudates 458 Pulmonary artery 413, 418 – malignant effusions 458 – aneurysma 466 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 594

594 Subject Index

– embolus 417 Reticulo-endothelium system (RES) 58 – high selective CE MRA 417 Retinoblastoma 185 Pulmonary AV malformation 418 Retrocerebellar arachnoid 86 Pulmonary embolism 456, 464, 465 Retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst (Blake’s pouch) 85, 499 – chronic pulmonary embolic disease 413 Retrospective cardiac gating 42 Pulmonary MR angiogram 464 RF excitation 3 Pulmonary nodule 455 Rhabdoid tumor 540 Pulmonary sequestration 466 Rhabdomyoma 384, 385 Pulmonary vein 452 – of the left ventricle 387 Pulmonary vessel 414 Rhabdomyosarcoma 363, 384, 537, 550, 564 PVL (periventricular leukomalacia) 523 Rheumatoid arthritis 84, 218, 222 PVNS (pigmented villonodular synovitis) 231 – differential diagnosis 230 PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging) 114, 116, 118 Right renal stenosis 423 PXA (pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) 100 Rim enhancement 477, 487 Pyrophosphate arthropathy 218 Rim-to-center enhancement (RTC) 259 ROI (region of interest) 473 Rostrum 86 Rotator cuff 217 Quantification 371 RTC (rim-to-center enhancement) 259

Radiation pneumonitis 457 Sacral vertebrae 532 Radiation therapy 135 Sacrociliac joint 222 RadiofrequencyQ (RF) artifactR 153 – grading 223 Radiofrequency thermal ablation 579 Sacrococcygeal teratoma 363 Rasmussen encephalitis 513 Sagittal image 79 Rathke’s pouch 495 Saline flush volume 407 Raw data buffer 13 Salter Sand Harris 243, 568 Raynaud’s disease 442 SAPHO (synovite, acné, pustolose, hyperostose, ostéite) 243 Receiver bandwidth 82 SAR (specific absorption rate) 10 Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 120 SAR and energy of the RF pulses 52 Rectal atresia 551 Scar Rectal carcinoma 341, 360 – collapsed 69 Rectal stenosis 551 – tissue 152 Rectum 335, 341, 357, 358 SCGA (subependymal giant cell astrocytoma) 99, 204 – carcinoma 359, 360 Schistosomiasis 351 Red blood cell 65 Schizencephaly 497 Refocusing pulse 12 Schwannoma 169, 266, 461, 535, 536 Region of interest (ROI) 473 Scimitar syndrome 467 Regurgitation 391 Scintigraphy 376 – mitral 381 Sclerosis, tuberous 385, 501 – valvular 380, 390 Sclerotic bone 161 Relaxation mechanism 66 Scout image 79 Renal abscess 540 Scrotum 342, 361 Renal allograft 325 Secretory phase 343 Renal artery 419, 422 Sedation 366 – accessory 420 SE-EPI (Spin-Echo Echo-Planar Imaging) 35 ––left423 Seizure 142, 145 – dissection 421 – partial complex 79 – stenosis 419, 432 Sella turcica 109 ––severity420 Semilobar form 494 Renal cell carcinoma 324 Seminoma 459, 460 Renal cystic disease 321 SENSE (sensitivity endocing) 32, 148 Renal cystic lesion 538 Sensitivity to susceptibility effects 76 Renal vein 419 Septic arthritis 557 Renovascular disease 419, 420 Septum pellucidum Repetition time TR 5 – absent 495 Replacement therapy 475 – hypoplastic 495 RES (reticulo-endothelium system) 58 Sequence parameter 411, 414, 420, 424 Resistive system 21 Sequence protocol 176, 183, 185, 193, 197, 201, 204 RES-specific contrast agent Sequestration 418 – dose 60 Serosa 343 –Endorem60 SFA (superficial femoral artery) 435 –Resovist60 Shape of the time course 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 595

Subject Index 595

– type I-III 473 – non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 318 – type I, curved type 473 Splenic artery aneurysma 316 – type II, plateau type 473 Splenic cyst 316 – type III, wash-out type 473 Splenic infarct 315 Shape of time/signal intensity curve 474 Splenium 86 Shearing injury 142 Spondylodiscitis 165, 166, 533 Shim coils 16, 21 Spread suture 526 Short axis 367 Squamous cell carcinoma 347, 351 Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) 16, 23 – gingival 202 Shoulder joint 215 – nasopharyngeal 199 Shunt 278 Standard body coil 438 – portosystemic 281 Stellate lesion 487 Sickle cell anemia 553 Stenogyria 498 Siderosis, superficial 72 Steno-occlusive disease Sigmoid sinus 124 – in the brachial region 411 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 82 – in the subclavian region 411 Silicosis 457 Stenosis 391, 421 Silicotuberculosis 457 – anal 551 Sinc-function 10 – artefactual 413 Single-echo approaches 22 – of carotid artery 404, 412 Single location MRA 425 – cervical 344, 346 Sinus tarsus syndrome 238 – foraminal 152 Sinus tumor, endodermal 519 – high-grade of common iliac artery 435 Skull-base 193 – occlusion 435 – metastasis 194 – overestimation 402 Skull fracture, bilateral 526 – rectal 551 SLAP lesion 215 – SFA 435 Slice interpolation 407 – valvular 390 Slice loop time 14 – vertebrobasilar 410 Slice profile 10 Stent 420 Slice thickness 81, 82 Stereotactic device 574 Slipped femoral capital epiphysis 569 STIR (short tau inversion recovery) 16, 23 SMASH (simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics) 32 Stress echocardiography 376 SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 82 Stress fracture 568 Sodium-potassium pump 115 – femoral 244 Soft tissue 237 Stress testing, pharmacological 372 Soft-tissue-tumor 260 Stroke – distinguishing shapes 267 – acute 115 – grading parameters 262 – types 114 – preferential location 265 – – classification of 115 Soreness 252 – volume 391 Spatial resolution 471 Stroma 344 Specific absorption rate (SAR) 10 Studies, electrophysiological 382 Spectral saturation pulse 15 Sturge-Weber syndrome 501 Spikes 51 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 513 Spin 2 Subarachnoid haemorrhage 72, 142 Spin echo (SE) 80 Subclavian artery 413 –sequence12 Subdural effusion 136 Spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) 35 Subdural hematoma 142 Spin-lattice relaxation time 4 Subependymal giant cell astrocytom (SCGA) 99, 204 Spin-spin relaxation 4 Subfalcine herniation 93 Spinal astrocytoma 166 Subtraction 472 Spinal cord astrocytoma 168 Sudden death 382 Spinal dysraphism 529 Superficial siderosis 72, 123 Spinal lipoma 527 Superior sagittal sinus 124 Spinal stimulator 152 Superior sulcus tumour 454 Spinal tumor 166 Superparamagnetism 54 – in childhood 535 Supra-tentorial 91 Spine 147 Surface coils 19, 78 – apperance in the neonate 526 Survey image 79 SPIO, superparamagnetic iron-oxide particles 277 Susceptibility 67 Spiral echo-planar imaging 35 – artifact 420, 444 Spleen 271, 314 – effect 444 – Hodgkin’s lymphoma 318 – magnetic 6 – malignant lesions 317 Swapping 156 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 596

596 Subject Index

Synovial carcinoma 231 Time of flight MRA 398, 400 Synovial chondromatosis 220 TIR (turbo inversion recovery sequence) 17, 33 Synovial hemangioma 231 TIRM (turbo inversion recovery sequence that utilizes Synovite, acné, pustolose, hyperostose, ostéite (SAPHO) 243 only the magnitude of the signal) 33 Syringohydromyelia 529 Tissue – hypervascularized 473 –perfusion6 Tissue-specific contrast agent 58 T1-relaxation 4 TME (total mesorectal excision surgery) 358 T1-relaxation time 3 – surgery 358 T1-weighted time 5 TOF (time of flight) 36, 125, 397 T2* relaxation time 6 – 2D TOF (2D FLASH) 125 T2-weighted (t2-W) contrast 5 TOF-MRA (Time-of-flight angiography) 8, 423 Tagging 370 TONE (tilted optimized non-saturating excitation) 38, 402 TearsT 224 Tonsillar herniation, cerebellar 95 Technique, phase-differented 371 TORCH (herpes simplex organisms) 511 Temporal bone 174 Torsion 362 Temporal resolution 471, 472 Torus fractures 568 Temporomandibular joint 204 Total mesorectal excision surgery (TME) 358 Tendinobursitis 247 Toxoplasmosis 139 Tendinous disease 249 Trace image 116 Tendinous injuries 221 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) 114 Tendon 234, 235, 246, 266 Transient marrow edema 244 – injuries 218 Transient osteoporosis 244, 245 Tendon sheat, giant-cell tumor 231 Transition zone 340, 354, 355 Tendo-osseous junction 246 Transitional cell carcinoma 320, 351, 352 Tennis elbow 219, 247 Transitional vertebra 157 Tennis leg 251 Transmit coils 21 Tenovaginitis 246 Transrectal ultrasound 355 Teratoma 384, 459, 460 Transtentorial herniation – sacrococcygeal 363 – ascending 95 Ter m infant – descending 95 – arterial infarctions 524 Transvaginal ultrasound 349 – hypoxic-ischemic brain injury 522 Transverse magnetization 3 Testes 361 Transverse relaxation 4 Tethered cord 530 Transverse sinus 124 TFC (triangular fibrocartilage) 222 Trauma 215, 218, 221, 222, 224, 226, 232, 568 TGSE (turbo-gradient and spin-echo sequence) 34 – acute 141 Thalassemia vera 279 – chronic 142 Therapy, MR-guided 571 – craniocerebral 141 Thermal ablation 579 – subacute 142 Thermometry 578 Triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) lesions 222 Thermotherapy 577 Trigeminal nerve schwannoma 105 Thighs 432 Trigeminal schwannoma 114 Thoracic outlet syndrome 411, 413, 415 Triggering Three-compartment model 5 –prospective42 Thrombus – retrospective 371 – intravascular 431 True inversion recovery technique (TIR) 17, 33 – of the left ventricle 375 TrueFISP 27 – mural 373, 375 Truncation artifact 47 Thymic cyst 463 Trunk 265 Thymoma 459, 460 TSE (turbo spin-echo) 33, 80, 151 Thymus 460 Tuber cinereum, hamartoma 521 Thyroid 460, 461 Tuberculoma 140 TIA (transient ischemic attack) 114 Tuberculosis 139, 514 Tibial plateau 239 Tuberculous myelomeningitis 165 Tight filum terminale 528, 530 Tuberous scleorsis 385, 501 Tilted optimized non-saturating excitation (TONE) 38, 402 Tubo-ovarian abscess 349 Time course 473 Tubular cancer 476 Time of flight (TOF) 36, 125, 397 Tumor 218, 222, 223, 225, 236 – flow compensation 400 – bronchogenic 418 – gradient-motion rephasing (GMR) 400 – dense cellularity 97 – inflow-related signal intensity 400 – intramedullary 166 – saturation effects 400 – neurogenic 460, 461 Time of flight angiography (TOF-MRA) 8, 423 – primary 225 018_SachV_581_598* 17.12.2005 9:19 Uhr Seite 597

Subject Index 597

– rhabdoid 540 Venous malformations 202 – spinal 166 Venous overlay 415, 441 – – in childhood 535 Venous sinus occlusive disease (VSOD) 123 Turbo fast low-angle shot sequence (TurboFLASH) 29 Venous thrombosis 524 Turbo spin-echo (TSE) 33, 80, 151 Ventricular mass 391 TurboFLASH (Turbo fast low-angle shot sequence) 29 Vermian-cerebellar hypoplasia 84 Turbo-gradient and spin-echo sequence (TGSE) 34 Vertebra plana 561 TurboMRA 30 Vertebral metastases, out-of-phase 154 TURP (transurethral resection of prostate) 356 Vertebrobasilar stenosis 410 Vessel 272, 397 – ecstatic 440 – extracranial carotid 411 UBOs (unidentified breast object) 475 – feeder 410 Ulegyria 523 – intracranial 398, 410 Ultrafast imaging 158 – of lower extremities 423 Ultrasound – overlay 410 – focused 579 – permeability 477 – transrectal 355 – thickened 440 – transvaginalU 349 – tibial 427 Unidentified breast object (UBOs) 475 Vessel contrast, optimal 411 Upper abdomen 272 Vestibular nerve schwannoma 500 Upper limb 265, 266 VIBE (volume-interpolated breath-hold examination) 30 Urethra 342, 361 Virchow-Robin space 140, 141 Urethral carcinoma 362 Visualization, active 573 Urinary bladder 335, 340, 350 Vital tumor 473 Urinary tract, lower 542 Volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) 30 Uroepthelial neoplasm 323 Von Hippel-Lindau disease 108, 332, 546 USPIO (ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide) 451, 463 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 501, 535 Uterine fibroid 345 Von Recklinghausen’s disease 546 Uterus 335, 338, 343 VSOD (venous sinus occlusive disease) 123 Uveal melanoma 183 Vulva 363 Vulval carcinoma 342

Vagina 339 Valvular disesae 390 Wall thickening, myocardial 375 Valvular regurgitation 380, 390 Wall thinning 373, 383 Valvular stenosis 390 Wegener’s granulomatosis 457 Vanishing target phenomenon 575 White matter, lesions 127 Varicocele 362 Wilms’ tumor 363, 537, 540 VascularV anomalies 562 Wrist joint 221 Vascular contrast 407 W Vascular disease, peripheral 432 Vascular malformation 401, 443, 562 Vein Yolk-sac tumor 519 – intracranial 410 – renal 419 Vein of Galen aneurysm 524 Velocity-encoding (Venc) gradient 397 Zero-filling 30 Venc gradient, multiple 425 Zona fasciculata 325 Venetian-blind artifact 402 ZonaY glomerulosa Z 325 Venous angioma 127 Zona reticularis 325 Venous enhancement 427