Appendix 8.03: Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Acacia auriculiformis exotic common - ++ +++ +++ ++ Acacia confusa tree exotic - - +++ +++ +++ +++ Acacia mangium tree exotic - - ++ +++ Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cap. 96; and Protection of Acampe rigida epiphytic herb native common + Endangered Species of Animals and Ordinance Cap. 586 Acorus tatarinowii perennial herb native very common - +++ Acronychia pedunculata tree native very common - +++ +++ + microsperma tree native restricted - ++ + Adiantum capillus-veneris herb native common - ++ Adiantum flabellulatum herb native very common - +++ +++ + Adina pilulifera tree or native very common - +++ shrub or small Adinandra millettii native common - ++ tree Alangium chinense tree or shrub native common - +++ ++

Albizia lebbeck tree exotic - - +++ ++ ++ Alchornea trewioides shrub native common - +++ ++ + + Aleurites moluccana tree exotic common - ++ Allamanda schottii shrub exotic - - + Allium sativum herb exotic common; cultivated - + Alocasia macrorrhizos perennial herb native very common - +++ +++ +++ ++

Alpinia oblongifolia perennial herb native common - + Alpinia zerumbet perennial herb native very common - +++ +++ +++ Alpinia zerumbet 'Variegata' perennial herb exotic very common - + Alyxia sinensis woody vine native common - +++ + Ampelopsis cantoniensis woody vine native very common - + Ampelopsis heterophylla var. woody vine native - - ++ kulingensis Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cap. 96; and Protection of Ania hongkongensis herb native very common + Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance Cap. 586 Antidesma bunius tree native common - ++ Antirhea chinensis tree or shrub native very common - + + Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Aphananthe cuspidata tree native common - + Aporusa dioica tree native very common - +++ + + +++ Listed under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586); "Class II" in List of Wild Aquilaria sinensis tree native common Plant under State ++ ++ Protection; "Vulnerable" in Plant Red Data Book; "Vulnerable" in IUCN Red List (ver. 2015.2.) Araucaria heterophylla tree exotic - - + Archidendron clypearia tree native common - ++ ++

Archidendron lucidum tree native common - ++ ++

Archontophoenix alexandrae tree palm exotic - - +

Ardisia crenata shrub native common - +++ Ardisia lindleyana shrub native common - + + Ardisia quinquegona small tree native very common - +++ +++ +++ Arenga pinnata - exotic - - + Artocarpus altilis tree exotic - - + Artocarpus heterophyllus tree exotic common - + ++ Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cap. 96; and Protection of Arundina graminifolia terrestrial herb native very common Endangered Species of + Animals and Plants Ordinance Cap. 586 Arundinella setosa herb native very common - +++ Arundinella spp. perennial herb native very common - ++ Asparagus cochinchinensis climbing herb native common - ++ + Aster baccharoides perennial herb native very common - +++ Atalantia buxifolia shrub native common - + + shrub or small Baeckea frutescens native very common - +++ + tree Bambusa sp. bamboo - - - ++ clumped tree Bambusa vulgaris exotic - - + + bamboo Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Bauhinia acuminata tree exotic - - ++ ++ +++ Bauhinia championii climber: vine native common - ++ ++ ++ + Bauhinia glauca climber: vine native very common - ++ ++ Bauhinia spp. - - - - + + + Bauhinia variegata tree exotic - - ++ ++ Benincasa hispida herbaceous vine exotic - - + Berchemia floribunda climbing shrub: vinenative common - ++ + Bidens alba herb exotic very common - ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Bischofia javanica tree native common - ++ ++

Blechnum orientale herb native very common - +++ +++ +++ + + subshrub or Boehmeria nivea exotic restricted - + +++ shrub

Bombax ceiba tree exotic - - ++

Bougainvillea spectabilis climbing shrub exotic cultivated - +

Brassica chinensis biennial herb exotic - - + Brassica juncea herb exotic - - + Breynia fruticosa shrub native very common - +++ ++ +++ shrub or small Bridelia tomentosa native very common - +++ +++ + +++ tree Broussonetia papyrifera tree native very common - ++ ++ Brucea javanica shrub or small treenative common - + Byttneria aspera woody vine native very common - ++ + Calamus tetradactylus climbing palm native common - ++ ++ Calliandra haematocephala shrub exotic common - ++ ++

Callistemon viminalis tree exotic - - + Listed as "Vulnearble" in Canthium dicoccum (5) tree or shrub native common IUCN Red List (ver. ++ + + 2015.2) Carallia brachiata tree native common - + + Carica papaya tree exotic common - + ++ + Carmona microphylla shrub exotic - - + Caryota maxima tree palm exotic - - + + Caryota mitis tree palm exotic - - + Cassia fistula tree exotic - - + Castanopsis fissa tree native common - +++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S

Casuarina equisetifolia (4) tree exotic rare - +++ +++ +++ Cayratia corniculata herbaceous vine native very common - + Celtis sinensis tree native common - ++ +++ ++ Celtis timorensis tree native restricted - ++ ++ ++

Chloris barbata herb native very common - ++

Listed under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586); Cibotium barometz large herb native very common +++ +++ ++ +++ + "Category II" in Wild Plant under State protection; Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong: Vulnerable tree or large Cinnamomum burmannii native - - ++ +++ ++ shrub Cinnamomum camphora large tree native common - +++ ++ ++ ++

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon large tree native common - ++

Citrus limonia small tree exotic planted - + Citrus maxima tree exotic widely planted - ++ Citrus reticulata small tree exotic common - + Clausena lansium small tree exotic common - ++ +++ Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cleisostoma simondii var. Cap. 96; and Protection of epiphytic herb native very common + guangdongense Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance Cap. 586 Cleistocalyx nervosum tree native common - +++ +++ Codiaeum variegatum shrub exotic - - +

Cratoxylum cochinchinense tree or shrub native very common - +++ +++ +++

Cuscuta chinensis parasitic herb native common - ++ ++

Cuscuta japonica parasitic herb native common - +++ Cyclosorus parasiticus herb native very common - +++ +++ Cymbopogon goeringii herb exotic very common - ++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S

Cynodon dactylon perennial herb native very common - + +++ ++ Cyperus sp. herb - - - + Cyperus rotundus herb native very common; common- ++

Cyrtococcum patens herb native very common - +++

Dalbergia benthamii climber: vine native common - ++ +++ ++

Dalbergia hancei climber: vine native common - + Dalbergia millettii climber: vine native common - + Daphniphyllum calycinum tree native common - +++ ++ + Daphniphyllum spp. tree native common - ++ ++ ++ Datura metel herb exotic common - + +

Delonix regia tree exotic - - +

Dendrotrophe varians woody vine native common - + +++ Desmos chinensis woody vine native common - +++ +++ +++ +++ Dianella ensifolia herb native very common - +++ Dichroa febrifuga shrub native common - + Dicranopteris pedata herb native very common - +++ +++ +++ + ++

Dieffenbachia seguine subshrubby herb exotic - - + restricted but widely Dimocarpus longan tree exotic - +++ +++ ++ cultivated Diospyros eriantha tree or shrub native very common - ++ +++ Diospyros kaki tree or shrub exotic common - + Listed as "Critically Diospyros vaccinioides (5) shrub native very common Endangered" in IUCN Red ++ ++ +++ + List (ver. 2015.2) Diploclisia glaucescens woody vine native common - +++ + + Diplospora dubia tree or shrub native common - ++ Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. shrub exotic - - + Dracaena marginata shrub exotic - + +

Dracaena sanderiana shrub exotic - - ++

Duhaldea cappa subshrub native common - +++ Duranta erecta climbing shrub exotic common - ++ +++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S

Dypsis lutescens shrub palm exotic - - + +

Elaeocarpus chinensis tree or small tree native common - +++ ++ +++ +++ Elephantopus tomentosus perennial herb native common - ++ Eleutherococcus trifoliatus climbing shrub native restricted - ++ Embelia laeta climber: vine native very common - +++ Embelia ribes climber: vine native common - ++ + Emilia sonchifolia herb native very common - + Eremochloa ciliaris perennial herb native very common - ++ ++ Eriachne pallescens perennial herb native very common - +++ Eriobotrya japonica small tree exotic cultivated - + Eriocaulon sexangulare herb native very common; common- ++

Eucalyptus citriodora tree exotic cultivated - ++ +

Eucalyptus robusta tree exotic cultivated - + Eucalyptus spp. tree exotic cultivated; common - +++ +++ Eucalyptus tereticornis tree exotic cultivated - +++ Eucalyptus torelliana tree exotic cultivated - +++ Eurya chinensis shrub native very common - +++ +++ shrub or small Eurya nitida native very common - ++ + tree Excoecaria cochinchinensis shrub exotic common, cultivated - + Ficus binnendijkii - exotic common, cultivated - + Ficus carica tree or shrub exotic - - + Ficus elastica tree exotic cultivated - ++ Ficus fistulosa tree native common - + +++ shrub or small Ficus hirta native common - ++ + +++ tree shrub or small Ficus hispida native very common - +++ +++ +++ + tree Ficus microcarpa tree native common - +++ +++ +++ ++ climbing woody Ficus pumila native very common - + vine Ficus pyriformis shrub native common - ++ ++ ++ restricted; widely Ficus religiosa tree exotic - + planted Ficus subulata shrub native common - ++ +++ Ficus tinctoria subsp. Gibbosa tree native restricted - + Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S

Ficus variegata tree native common - +++ +++ + +

Ficus variolosa tree or shrub native very common - ++ + ++ Fuirena umbellata herb native common - + very common; Gahnia tristis herb native - ++ ++ common (2) Garcinia oblongifolia tree native very common - ++ + + Garcinia subelliptica - exotic - - + Gardenia jasminoides shrub native common - ++ Gardenia jasminoides var. fortuniana shrub exotic common - + Gerbera piloselloides herb native restricted - +

Glochidion eriocarpum shrub native very common - +++ ++

Glochidion lanceolarium tree or shrub native common - ++

Glochidion wrightii tree native very common - ++

shrub or small Glochidion zeylanicum native common - ++ +++ +++ tree IUCN Red List: Near Gnetum luofuense (5) woody vine native very common +++ +++ Threatened, ver. 2015.2 Gnetum parvifolium woody vine native common - + Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cap. 96; and Protection of Goodyera procera terrestrial herb native very common + Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance Cap. 586 Graphistemma pictum woody vine native common - + Grevillea robusta tree exotic - - + Gynura bicolor perennial herb exotic - - ++ Hedyotis acutangula herb native very common - + ++ + climbing Hedyotis hedyotidea native very common - ++ subshrub Helicia cochinchinensis tree native restricted - +

Helicteres angustifolia subshrub native very common - + +++

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis shrub exotic - - ++ Hibiscus tiliaceus tree or shrub native very common - +++ Homalium cochinchinensis shrub or tree native common - + Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Hypolytrum nemorum herb native common - ++ Ilex asprella shrub native very common - +++ +++ ++ ++ Ilex pubescens shrub native very common - +++ +++ Imperata cylindrica var. major perennial herb native very common - + Indocalamus sinicus running shrubby bamboonative very common - +++ +++ very common; Ipomoea aquatica herb exotic - + common (2) Ipomoea batatas herb exotic common - ++

climber: twining Ipomoea cairica exotic very common - + +++ + +++ herb

Ischaemum spp. - - - - +++ +++ shrub or small Itea chinensis native very common - +++ tree restricted but widely Ixora chinensis shrub native - ++ cultivated Juniperus chinensis tree exotic common - + + Kyllinga nemoralis herb native very common; common- + Lactuca sativa herb exotic cultivated - + Lantana camara shrub exotic very common - +++ ++ +++ + +++ ++ Lantana montevidensis shrub exotic common - + Lasianthus chinensis shrub native common - + very common; Lepidosperma chinense herb native - +++ ++ common (2) Leucaena leucocephala small tree exotic common - ++ +++ +++ +++ common, also Ligustrum lucidum tree exotic - + planted small tree or Ligustrum sinense native common - +++ +++ + + shrub Lindsaea orbiculata herb native very common - ++ Liquidambar formosana tree native common - + ++ Liriope spicata perennial herb native very common - +++ + ++ + restricted but widely Wild Plant under State Litchi chinensis (3) tree exotic + planted Protection: Category II Lithocarpus corneus tree native very common - + common, also Lithocarpus glaber tree native - ++ planted shrub or small Litsea cubeba native common - +++ + +++ tree Litsea glutinosa tree native very common - +++ +++ +++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Litsea monopetala small tree native restricted - +

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongata shrub native very common - +++ +++ +++

Livistona chinensis tree palm exotic - - + Livistona saribus palm exotic - - + Lophatherum gracile perennial herb native very common - +++ Lophostemon confertus tree exotic - - ++ +++ Lycopersicon esculentum herb exotic cultivated - ++ Lygodium japonicum climbing herb native very common - +++ +++ ++ +

Macaranga tanarius tree native common - ++ +++ +++

Machilus breviflora tree native very common - +++ ++ ++

Machilus chekiangensis tree native very common - +++ ++ +++

Machilus pauhoi tree native - - ++ + tree or large Machilus velutina native common - +++ shrub Maesa perlarius shrub native common - + + +++ Mallotus paniculatus tree or shrub native very common - +++ +++ + +++ Malvaviscus arboreus shrub exotic common - ++ + Mangifera indica tree exotic - - ++ + + ++ (2) Mazus pumilus herb native restricted; common - + Melaleuca cajuputi tree exotic common - +++ +++

Melastoma dodecandrum diffuse subshrub native common - ++

Melastoma malabathricum shrub native common - ++ +++ + ++

Melastoma sanguineum shrub native common - +++ +++ Melia azedarach tree exotic common - + shrub or small Melicope pteleifolia native common - +++ + tree Melinis repens perennial herb exotic very common - + Melodinus suaveolens woody vine native common - ++ ++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Listed under Forests and Michelia x alba (3) tree exotic widely planted Countryside Ordinance + Cap. 96 shrub or small Microcos nervosa native common - ++ + + tree perennial very common; Microstegium ciliatum native - +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ procumbent herb common (2) Mikania micrantha climbing herb exotic very common - +++ ++ Millettia nitida climbing shrub native very common - + +++ Millettia speciosa climber: vine native common - ++ perennial herb native common - ++ ++ ++ Miscanthus sinensis perennial herb native very common - ++ Mucuna birdwoodiana woody climber native common - ++ rare; Fung Yuen, Kuk Rare and Precious Plants Po and She Shan; Mucuna championii woody climber native of Hong Kong (Status in + endemic to Hong China): Endangered Kong Murraya paniculata small tree exotic common - ++ + + Musa x paradisiaca perennial herb exotic common - ++ +++ + Mussaenda pubescens climbing Shrub native very common - +++ Myrica rubra tree native common - ++ ++ Neomarica northiana perennial herb exotic - - + very common; Neyraudia reynaudiana perennial herb native - +++ +++ +++ common (2) emarginata small tree native common - + + + Ormosia henyri - exotic landscape species - + Ormosia semicastrata tree native restricted - ++ + Osmunda angustifolia herb native restricted - + Osmunda vachellii herb native common - + Oxalis corniculata perennial herb native very common - ++ Oxalis debilis subsp. Corymbosa perennial herb exotic common - +++ Paederia scandens climber: vine native very common - ++ ++ Palhinhaea cernua creeping herb native very common - ++ + Pandanus sp. shrub - - - ++ +++ Panicum maximum perennial herb exotic very common - ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Parthenocissus dalzielii (4) woody vine exotic rare - + + Paspalum conjugatum perennial herb native common - ++ ++ + Listed under Forests and Pavetta hongkongensis tree or shrub native common Countryside Ordinance + + + Cap. 96 Pentaphylax euryoides tree native common - + Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance Cap. 96; and Protection of Peristylis tentaculatus herb native very common + Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance Cap. 586 Phyllanthus cochinchinensis shrub native very common - ++ +++ Phyllanthus emblica tree or shrub native very common - ++ Phyllanthus urinaria herb native common - ++ Pinus elliottii tree exotic common - +++ +++ Pinus massoniana tree native common - ++ + Piper hancei climber: vine native very common - ++ + Plumeria rubra tree exotic - - + Podocarpus macrophyllus tree native restricted - + Polygonum chinense herb native very common - ++ +++ shrub or small Polyspora axillaris native very common - ++ +++ + tree Pothos chinensis climbing herb native very common - ++ ++ Praxelis clematidea perennial herb exotic very common - +++ +++ Pronephrium simplex herb native very common - ++ Psidium guajava tree exotic common - + + Psychotria asiatica tree or shrub native very common - +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ semi-woody Psychotria serpens native very common - +++ + ++ climber: vine Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum herb native fairly common - +++ + Pteris dispar herb native common - +++ Pteris ensiformis herb native common - ++ Pteris multifida herb native very common - ++ Pteris semipinnata herb native very common - ++ Pteris vittata herb native very common - ++ Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii climber: vine exotic common - +++ +++ +++ Pueraria phaseoloides climber: vine native very common - ++ +++ Pyrostegia venusta climber: vine exotic common - + Pyrrosia adnascens herb native common - ++ ++ Reevesia thyrsoidea tree native common - + shrub or small Rhaphiolepis indica native very common - +++ +++ tree common, principally on the outlying Rhapis excelsa shrub palm native - ++ islands, also cultivated Rhododendron pulchrum - exotic - - ++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Listed under Forests and Rhododendron simsii shrub native very common Countryside Ordinance + + Cap. 96 Listed under Forests and Countryside Ordinance very rare, also widely Cap. 96; Rare and championii tree native + planted Precious Plants of Hong Kong (Status in China): Vulnerable Rhodomyrtus tomentosa shrub native very common - ++ ++ +++ + shrub or small Rhus chinensis native common - + tree shrub or small Rhus hypoleuca native common - ++ + + tree shrub or small Rhus succedanea native common - ++ ++ ++ tree Rosa laevigata climbing shrub native common - + Rourea microphylla climbing shrub native common - ++ Roystonea regia tree palm exotic - - ++ Rubus reflexus climbing shrub native very common - +++ ++ + ++

Saccharum arundinaceum perennial herb native common - +++ Sageretia thea shrub native very common - +++ ++ + Sansevieria trifasciata perennial herb exotic - - + + Sapium discolor small tree native very common - ++ + ++ Sapium sebiferum tree native common - + Sarcandra glabra subshrub native very common - +++ +++ +++ ++ Saurauia tristyla small tree native common - + Schefflera actinophylla tree exotic - - ++ +++ Schefflera arboricola climbing shrub exotic cultivated - +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Schefflera heptaphylla tree native very common - +++ ++ + Schima superba tree native common - ++ + + Scleria sp. herb - - - ++ +++ Scutellaria indica perennial herb native common - ++ + herbaceous Senecio scandens native common - + climber tree exotic - - + ++ shrub or small Senna surattensis exotic - - + + + tree Sesbania cannabina subshrub exotic common - + + Setaria geniculata herb exotic - - +++ Sida acuta subshrub native common - + Sida rhombifolia erect subshrub native common - + Smilax china climbing shrub native very common - + +++ Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Smilax corbularia climbing shrub native common - ++ Smilax glabra climbing shrub native very common - ++ +++ Spathodea campanulata tree exotic - - ++ Stephania longa climber: vine native common - + + semi-deciduous Sterculia lanceolata native very common - +++ +++ +++ + +++ tree Strophanthus divaricatus woody vine native common - ++ ++ ++ Strychnos cathayensis woody vine native restricted - + Symplocos glauca tree native common - + Symplocos lancifolia small tree native common - +++ shrub or small Syzygium buxifolium native common - ++ tree Syzygium hancei tree native common - +++ Syzygium jambos tree exotic common - +++ ++ +++ +++ Syzygium levinei tree native common - +++ +++ ++ +++ very rare, widely Terminalia catappa (4) large tree exotic - + cultivated Ternstroemia gymnanthera tree native common - ++ Tetracera asiatica woody vine native very common - +++ +++ + Tetradium glabrifolium tree native common - ++ + shrub or small Thevetia peruviana exotic - - + tree slender woody Toxocarpus wightianus native very common - ++ ++ ++ vine Appendix 8.03: Plant Species Recorded within the Assessment Area

Habitats Native / Exotic Distribution in Scientific Name Growth Form (1) Protection Status to Hong Kong Hong Kong WL FSW PL SL CL DA S Tradescantia pallida perennial herb exotic - - + Trema orientalis small tree native common - ++ shrub or small Trema tomentosa native common - + tree Tridax procumbens perennial herb exotic very common - + slender woody Tylophora ovata native common - ++ vine Utricularia sp. - - - - + woody climbing Uvaria grandiflora native restricted - + shrub woody climbing Uvaria macrophylla native common - +++ +++ shrub shrub or small Viburnum odoratissimum native very common - ++ ++ tree shrub or small Vitex negundo native fairly common - ++ tree Washingtonia robusta - exotic - - + common; also widely Wedelia trilobata perennial herb exotic - +++ +++ +++ +++ cultivated Wikstroemia indica shrub native common - + ++ Wikstroemia nutans shrub native common - + Youngia japonica herb native very common - +++ Zanthoxylum avicennae tree native common - +++ ++ +++ ++ + Zanthoxylum nitidum climbing shrub native very common - + Zea mays herb exotic - - ++ Zingiber officinale perennial herb exotic widely cultivated - +

Notes: (1) Corlett, R., Xing, F., Ng, S. C., Chau, L., Wong, L. (2000). Hong Kong Vascular Plants: Distribution and Status . Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society. 23:1-3. (2) Yip, Y., Yip, K. L., Liu, K. U., Ngar Y. N., Lai, C. C. (2010). A Floristic Survey of Marshes in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Biodiversity. Issue No. 19. (3) As the species was artificially introduced to the habitat, it is not considered as species of conservation importance. (4) Distribution of the species is described as 'rare' in Corlett et al . (2000) but it is exotic, and is largely cultivated in Hong Kong. (5) This species is not considered a species of conservation importance, as it is not listed in "Rare and Precious Plant in Hong Kong", and is common or very common in Hong Kong. Status from IUCN Red List was assessed based on locations outside Hong Kong.

Habitats: WL=Woodland; FSW=Fung Shui Woodland; PL=Plantation; SL=Shrubland; CL=Cultivated Land; DA=Developed Area/Wasteland; S=Stream Code for Abundance: ++++=Abundant; +++=Frequent; ++=Occasional; +=Scarce