Should We Make a Home in Space?

214 Create aschedule Create STRATEGY learned you’ve what Practice Take notes

UNIT 2 • A S OVERVIEW: INDEPENDENT LEARNING INDEPENDENT OVERVIEW: Add ideas of your own for each category. and theyou actions can take to practice them during Independent Learning. toneed rely on yourself to learn and work on your own. Review strategies these Throughout your life, in school, in your community, and in your career, you will Independent Learning Strategies another selectionif thistextdoesn’tmeetyourneeds. Look Inside seems mostinteresting andappealingtoyou? Look Ahead you wanttoknowaboutouterspace? Look Back and money to improving conidtions on our own planet. this In you section, space further support exploration, whereas others would prefer to devote time There is much we don’t know about the universe. are people Some eager to Should we make ahome in space? ESSENTIAL QUESTION: TA rry Home

Think abouttheselectionsyouhavealready read. Whatmore do

Take afewminutestoscanthrough thetextyouchose.Make Preview theselectionsbyreading thedescriptions.Whichone ACTION PLAN ACTION ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō ō Consider the quality andreliability quality Consider the source. ofthe topic. the After youread, evidencetohelp youunderstand usefulnessofthe evaluatethe Use first-read andclose-read strategiestodeepenyourunderstanding. Review yournotesbefore preparing toshare agroup. with Record importantideasandinformation. Make aplanforwhattodoeachday. Understand yourgoalsanddeadlines. MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Choose oneselection.Selectionsareavailableonlineonly. PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT PREP ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE-BASED involve risks. great adventures Great Sanders Laura Brains Astronauts’ Trip to Could Damage Mars SCIENCE ARTICLE it. to reach try there, should we If it’s out Roach Mary from ESSAYPERSUASIVE eyes. your Don’t believe Radford Benjamin UFO News Sightings and ARTICLE WEB began. we where as same the be might up end we Where Lewis S. C. Cradlesong Science-Fiction POETRY Review Evidence for Argument an synthesizing the information you’verecorded. information the synthesizing and whatyou’velearned unitbyevaluating Complete yourEvidenceLog forthe MULTIMEDIA SCAN FOR Packing forPacking Mars Overview: Independent Learning CONTENTS

215 216 Reading !

STANDARD text. about theunittopicasyoufirstread this NOTICE

have read. other knowledgeandtheselectionsyou CONNECT UNIT 2 • A S Selection Title: Use thispagetorecordyourfirst-readideas. First-Read Guide LEARNING INDEPENDENT

Read andcomprehendcomplexliterary andinformational textsindependentlyandproficiently. new information or ideas you learn new informationorideasyoulearn ideas withintheselectionto TArr y Home passages youwanttorevisit. ANNOTATE the selection. RESPOND by writingabriefsummaryof by markingvocabularyandkey Model Annotation r Tool Kit

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Selection Title: Use thispagetorecordyourclose-readideas. Close-Read Guide Reading !

Pick aparagraphfrom thetextthatgrabbedyourinterest. Explainthepowerofthispassage. QuickWrite conclude questions and your firstread. Readthesesectionsclosely Revisit sectionsofthetextyoumarkedduring Close Read the Text STANDARD

Read andcomprehendcomplexliterary andinformational textsindependentlyandproficiently. annotate ? Write downyourideas. aboutthetext.Whatcanyou whatyounotice.Askyourself ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Analyze the Text about whatthischoiceconveys. the text.Selectoneandrecord yourthoughts structure, techniques,andideasincludedin Think abouttheauthor’s choicesofpatterns, Shouldwemakeahomeinspace? Overview: Independent Learning Model Annotation and Guide Close-Read Tool Kit

217 POETRY

Science-Fiction Cradlesong

C. S. Lewis

Meet the Poet SCAN FOR C. S. Lewis (1898–1963) was an Irish author best MULTIMEDIA known for his classic Chronicles of Narnia, a fantasy series about four young siblings and their adventures in the magical land of Narnia. He wrote more than thirty books, and most of his writings teach moral lessons. Lewis taught medieval literature at Oxford University and Cambridge University in England.

BACKGROUND During the second half of C. S. Lewis’s writing career, science fiction became more popular as the idea of space flight started to become a reality. The space age began in 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into Earth’s orbit. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space.

By and by Man will try NOTES To get out into the sky, Sailing far beyond the air From Down and Here to Up and There. 5 Stars and sky, sky and stars Make us feel the prison bars.

Suppose it done. Now we ride Closed in steel, up there, outside; Through our port-holes see the vast 10 Heaven-scape go rushing past.

IL1 UNIT 2 I • S © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 20 15 1. Equidistant Than onEarth,everywhere Motionless, nonearer there Hang likeapaintedscene Points oflightwithblackbetween There’s nowayintothesky. From prison,inawefly; Never canbeskyorstar. Try nomore. Where weare Is aconcept,notplace. Hush, bestill.Outerspace Heaven hasgivenustheslip.

Equidistant

1 from ourship. (ee kwuh DIHS tuhnt) tuhnt) DIHS (ee kwuh adj. equally distant. equally UNIT 2 I • S NOTES

IL2 WEB ARTICLE

UFO Sightings & News

Benjamin Radford

About the Author SCAN FOR Benjamin Radford (b. 1970) is an American writer and MULTIMEDIA investigator who serves as the deputy editor of Skeptical Inquirer magazine. He is a former co-host of Monse Tal, a podcast that examines the science and history of legendary creatures such as Bigfoot and werewolves. Radford is the author of several books and the creator of a board game. He writes about the paranormal, urban legends, and the explanations behind mysterious phenomenon.

BACKGROUND A UFO, or “unidentified flying object,” is an unusual light or object in the air that is difficult to explain. Some people believe that UFOs are intelligent aliens traveling in spaceships. From 1952 to 1969, the United States Air Force investigated about 12,000 reports of UFO sightings.

1 UFOs have fascinated and puzzled people for decades, yet hard evidence NOTES seems ever elusive. Many people are convinced that not only are extraterrestrials1 visiting Earth, but that governments have perpetuated a top-secret global conspiracy to cover it up. Skeptic and UFO expert Benjamin Radford takes a look at the history and psychology of UFOs, including some of the most notable sightings.

2 oday most people equate UFOs with extraterrestrial T intelligence and advanced technologies, but this is a very recent idea. That’s not to say that historically people did not report seeing unusual things in the skies, for they surely did: comets, All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson meteors, eclipses, and the like had been reported (and sometimes recorded) for millennia. In fact some researchers believe that

1. extraterrestrials (ehks truh tuh REHS tree uhlz) n. creatures from another planet.

IL3 UNIT 2 I • Uo S N © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 5 4 3 tourists. had madethewholestoryupasapublicitystunttoattract spacecraft wreckage waseverfound.Itturned outthatHaydon story, andnothingofthealiennor“severaltons”mysterious when researchers couldfindnoeyewitnessestosupportHaydon’s neighboring stateofNewMexico).Thefantastictaleunraveled a nearlyidenticalstorywouldcirculate about acrashinthe dead Martianbody, andmetallicwreckage (fifty yearslater with acrashedspacecraft,dozensofeyewitnesses,recovered Morning News, Texas, whenE.E.Haydon,anewspaperreporter forthe but instead“airships.” in thosedaystheydidn’tusetermslike“UFO”or“flyingsaucer,” of whatcouldbecalledUFOsemerged inthe late1800s,though not indeedbepossibleforadvancedcivilizations.The firstreports technology developedsomepeoplebegantowonderif thatmight Poe fueledthepublic’sinterest invoyagestootherworlds,andas thought theplanetswere gods). creatures mightreside (forexample,ancientGreeks andRomans millennia, butwere notthoughtofasplaceswhere otherliving from otherplanets.Severaloftheplanetshadbeennoticedfor assumed thatunknownlightsorobjectsintheskywere visitors UFO Sightings The FirstUFOs the StarofBethlehem 3. 2. mistake launchedmany “flying saucer”reports inlaterdecades. that theobjectsthemselvesresembled “flyingsaucers,”andthat the water,” whichacareless reporter misunderstood assaying described theirmovementas“likeasaucerif youskipitacross seeing nineobjectsresembling boomerangsinthesky. He dates backto1947whenapilotnamedKenneth Arnold reported especially important.Thefirstreport ofa“flyingsaucer”only UFO reports overthedecades,andafewofthemstandoutas around Jesus’birth. merging ofJupiterandVenus inthesky, whichoccurred right

hoaxes born. was Christ Jesus when Bethlehem of Star Early newspaperhoaxes The mostdramaticearlyUFOencounteroccurred in1897 Early sciencefictionwriterslikeJulesVerne andEdgar Allan But it’sonlybeeninthepastcenturyorsothatanybody

(HOHK sis) (HOHK describedanamazingUFOencountercomplete

n. the Bible refers to an extremely large and bright “star” that appeared appeared “star” that bright and large extremely to an refers Bible the untrue stories or tricks. or stories untrue 2 mayhavebeenanillusioncreated bya 3 aside,there havebeencountless UNIT I • Uo S N Dallas NOTES

IL4 NOTES IL5

UNIT 2 I • Uo S N 13 12 11 10 14 9 8 7 this day. outside ofRoswell,NewMexico,in1947,andthedebateragesto a spacecraftwithalienpilots—crashedonranchinthedesert something—skeptics sayatop-secret spyballoon,believerssay he described. and misjudgedtheirsize,large wingscreating the“V”shape Investigators believethat Arnold probably saw aflockofpelicans 5. 4. the timeofsightings,UFObuffs over anearbyproving ground duringroutine exercises around night skies.Thoughitisknownthatthemilitarydropped flares in March 1997whenaseriesofbrightlightswere reported inthe remembering itunderhypnosis),manyremain skeptical. the eventandtheydidn’treport theabductionattime(only by aUFO.However, sincethere were noothereyewitnessesto who in1961claimedtohavebeenchaseddownandabducted famous—was thatofBarneyandBettyHill,aninterracialcouple are ahandfulinrecent yearsthatgotalotofattention: explanation ofthelightsandinsistthere’s more tothestory.

buffs abduction Another famousUFOsightingoccurred nearPhoenix, Arizona, The firstUFOabduction The mostfamousUFOcrashallegedlyoccurred when Since then,ahostofUFOsightingshavebeenreported. Here social experiment.Themenwhoperpetratedthe hoax, Joe be heliumballoons,red flares andfishing lines,allpartofa they were reported ontheHistoryChannel turnedoutto Jan. 5,2009: do hoaxer admittedit,andeyewitnessesreported seeinghim a hoax,created byroad flares tiedtoheliumballoons.The April 21,2008: airplanes aspartofroutine training. UFO claims,explainingthatflares hadbeendropped from speculation ontheinternetuntil Air Force debunkedthe Jan. 7,2007: Mount Vernon. helium balloonsthatescapedfrom apartyatschoolin October 13,2010: could havebeenadangertothenearbyMorristown airport. Rudy andChrisRusso,were fined$250forcreating what

it. knowledgeable fans. knowledgeable

n. kidnapping. NewJerseyUFOsthatproved sobaffling Strangelightsover Arkansas fueledmuch Phoenixlightswere reported again.Itwas UFOsoverManhattanturnedouttobe 4 case—andtothisdaythemost 5 dismissthegovernment’s

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 19 18 17 16 15 21 20 really smaller, norare theymovingslowly; it’ssimplyanoptical that’s whyweknowthatmovingcarsseenatadistance aren’t how farawaysomethingishelpsusdetermineits sizeandspeed; identify becauseofthelimitationshumanperception. Knowing object seeninthesky, especiallyatnight,canbeverydifficult to object beunidentified bywhoeverislooking at itthetime. Any sightings. After all,theonlycriterionforaUFOisthatsomeflying whether connectedornot, willformatriangleif youassume triangular spacecraft.The factisthatanythree lightsinthesky, of three lightsinthe night skyare reported asappearinga information, whichcanmislead us.Forexample,manysightings size, distanceandspeedofUFOsveryunreliable. mile away?It’simpossibletoknow, andthismakesestimatesof twenty feetlongand200yards away, orisit200feetlonganda she cannotdeterminethesize.Isthatthingorlight in the sky illusion. Iftheeyewitnessdoesn’tknowdistance, thenheor UFO Psychology Psychologists alsoknowthatourbrainstendto“fill in”missing It’s nothard tounderstandwhythere are somanyUFO revealed asahoax—theeffects ofvideoeditingsoftware’s (the DomeoftheRockonJerusalem’s Temple Mount)were Jan. 28,2011: been mistakenforaUFOevenbyairlinepilots. this oneturnedouttobetheplanetVenus. Infact,Venus has over StudioCity, Calif. Butlikemany, many UFOsightings, team, Duayne“ShwayShWayans” Wayans, filmedaUFO May 2012: window. Korea likelyshowedadroplet ofwaterontheairplane’s April 2012: turned outtobeacameraglitch. April 2012: suggest alienorigin. case seemevenmore bizarre, butnoevidencehasemerged to low-resolution sonarimage. A second“anomaly”madethe was “completelyround,” anassertionnotsupportedbythe Lindberg, merely saidthethinghedetectedinblurryimages attributed toaSwedishscientist,butthatresearcher, Peter July 2011: use were discovered. ThesightingofaUFOontheoceanfloorwas A nephew of the famous Wayans brothers comedy A viralUFOvideotakenfrom aplaneoverSouth A UFOnearthesun,spottedinaNASA image, Videos ofUFOshoveringovertheHolyLand UNIT 2 I • Uo S N NOTES

IL6 NOTES IL7

UNIT 2 I • Uo S N 22 sky” isnotthesameas“extraterrestrial spacecraft.” evidence. Thelesson,asalways,isthat“unknownlightsinthe and havevisitedEarth,theUFOsightingssofarprovide noreal it. Whileit’spossiblethatextraterrestrials inspacecraftexist same objectfrom adifferent angle)maynotinstantlyrecognize more trainingorexperience(oreventhesamepersonseeing explain somethingtheyseedoesn’tmeanthatsomeoneelsewith person—or evenseveralpeople—can’timmediatelyidentify or may notrecognize alightorobjectinthesky. Butjustbecauseone him; ourbrainssometimesmakeconnectionswhere noneexist. assumed itwasarectangular-shaped objectinthenightskyabove three points.Hadawitnessseenfourlightsheorshewouldhave (without evidence)thateachofthoselightsare fixedattheendsof All thatisneededtocreate aUFOsightingisonepersonwho ❧

from Packing for Mars

Mary Roach

About the Author Mary Roach (b. 1959) grew up in New Hampshire. SCAN FOR After graduating from Wesleyan University, she pursued MULTIMEDIA a career in writing. She has written for Wired, National Geographic, and the New York Times Magazine, and is known for her popular science books.

BACKGROUND It was in 1783 that people first took to the sky on a hot-air balloon designed by the Montgolfier brothers. In 1903, the Wright brothers took flight in the first powered airplane. And in 2000, the first crew arrived to take up residence on the International Space Station. Today, people are contemplating the first manned mission to Mars.

1 he tougher question is not “Is Mars possible?” but “Is Mars T worth it?” An outside estimate of the cost of a manned NOTES mission to Mars is roughly $500 billion. What good will come of sending humans to Mars, especially when robotic landers can do a lot of the science just as well, if not as fast? I could parrot the NASA Public Affairs Office and spit out a long list of products and technologies spawned by aerospace innovations over the decades. Instead, I defer to the sentiments of Benjamin Franklin.1 Upon the occasion of history’s first manned flights—in the 1780s, aboard the Montgolfier brothers’ hot-air balloons—someone asked Franklin what use he saw in such frivolity.2 “What use,” he replied, “is a

1. Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) American author, scientist, and statesman who was famous for his inventions. 2. frivolity (frih VOL uh tee) n. silly behavior.

UNIT 2 I • from Packing for Mars IL8 NOTES IL9

UNIT 2 I • 2 4 3 5 o conglomerates, involved were toapproach theirrespective entertainment 3. comparable. Ask anastronaut whethertakingpartinaspace whether learninganatomyonacomputersimulation wouldbe a yeardissectinghumanformtendonbygland by nerve, one goesouttoplayanymore. Simulationisbecomingreality. but thebootsofspacesuitswillbe“alittlemore bouncy.”) No the desertoutsideLasVegas. (Theycan’tsimulate Martiangravity, on a$1.6billionresort intherimofasimulatedMartiancrater legally marryatwo-dimensionalcharacter. Fundraising hasbegun in Japanhavebeenpetitioningthegovernmentfor the right to Google MoonandvisittheTaj MahalviaStreet View. socialize oncomputers. You cantourtheSeaofTranquility on through simulations.We travelviasatellitetechnology, we exactly where theywantedit. 400 had done.Theyflewadelicatescientific instrument more than little chokedup.Itwasinspiring,whatthesemenandwomen began passingoutcigars.We allyelledtooand someofusgota enthusiastically thattheyknockedtheirglassescrooked. Someone on theirfeetmakingnoise.Engineersbear-hugged eachotherso crossed. Thetouchdownsignalarrived,andeveryone wasup One manstared athiscomputerwiththefingers ofbothhands planned forwithbackuphardware andcontingencysoftware. in ahundred different ways,eachofthosefailures havingbeen systems andthrusters, allofwhich,inthisfinalhour, couldfail who’d spentyearsworkingonheatshieldsandparachute It wasstandingroom withengineersandmanagers, people trained onMissionControl attheJetPropulsion Laboratory. for signalstotravelbetweenMarsandEarth.)Thecamerawas The imageshadn’tyetarrived.(Ittakesabouttwentyminutes around Chris’scomputer. We weren’t evenwatching its parachuteforthedescent,half thepartywasupstairscrowded intact through theMartianatmosphere andwasabouttorelease was justChrisandIwatching.Bythetime computer IcouldusetowatchtheNASA TV coverage. At firstit down onMars.Iaskedtheparty’shost,Chris,if hehada the ultimatereality TV. The more youread aboutMarsmissions,themore yourealize it’s 5. 4.

conglomerates M.D. respectively. world the around streets and moon View .Street Moon Google It mightnotbethathard toraisethefunds.Ifnations But itisn’tanythinglikereality. Ask anM.D. We liveinaculture inwhich,more andmore, peoplelive I wasatapartythedayPhoenixrobotic landertouched

PackingforMars million milestoMarsandsetitdownasgentlyababy,

abbrev. medical doctor. medical

(kuhn GLOM uhr ihts) ihts) uhr GLOM (kuhn 3 animpressive hunkoffundingcouldberaised.

technology that displays photographic views of the the of views photographic displays that technology n. large groups of companies. of groups large Phoenix 5 whospent hadplowed 4 Phoenix Anime fans .

© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 6. Something ineffably Sweat, risk,uncertainty, inconvenience.Butalso,awe.Pride. simulation isanythinglikebeinginspace.What’sdifferent? play. squandered. Let’ssquandersomeonMars. gooutand been spentoneducationandcancerresearch? Itisalways would it?Sincewhenhasmoneysavedbygovernmentredlining can dothis.” Yes, themoneycouldbebetterspentonEarth.But nothing loftierthanaspeciesjoininghandsandsaying“Ibetwe nobility inexcessive,impracticaloutlaysofcashprompted by in. War, zealotry, greed, malls,narcissism. Iseeabackhanded 20-pound divotofMarsinyourhands. What Ican’tpossiblysimulateforyouisthefeelingofholdinga some shoepolishandIcanmakeyouasimulatedMarsmeteorite. wasn’t beautiful orexotic-looking.Givemeachunkofasphaltand that I’msure I’dneverbefore hadcalltomake.Themeteorite taking initshardness andheft,its as heavyabowlingballandhandedittome.Istoodthere Earth. Zolenskyopenedacaseandlifted outaMartianmeteorite some otherplanet’sgravitationalpull.Occasionallythatplanetis into space,where theycontinuetotraveluntilare snaggedby that theimpacthurlssmallchunksofMartiansurfacewayout now andthen,apieceofasteroid slamsintoMarshard enough and oneofthecaretakers ofNASA’s meteoritecollection.Every Space Center, IvisitedMikeZolensky, thecuratorofcosmicdust 7.

ineffably mortgage loans. mortgage redlining government The nobilityofthehumanspiritgrows harder formetobelieve

❧

practice of denying services, such as insurance coverage or or coverage insurance as such services, denying of practice 6 splendidandstirring.OnedayatJohnson adv. unable to describe in words. in to describe unable realness , makinganexpression UNIT 2 I • 7

o NOTES PackingforMars

IL10 SCIENCE ARTICLE

Trip to Mars Could Damage Astronauts’ Brains

Laura Sanders

About the Author SCAN FOR Laura Sanders is a staff writer for Science News MULTIMEDIA magazine. As a neuroscience writer, she makes use of her Ph.D. in molecular biology as well as her undergraduate degree in creative writing. Sanders’s research has been published in Current Biology, Developmental Biology, and other scientific journals.

BACKGROUND Created in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has become a leader in space research and space exploration. Through NASA, the United States has flown people into orbit and ultimately to the moon. NASA has also sent research spacecraft to study planets and other celestial objects in our solar system.

1 articles1 zipping through space could be the wrong stuff for NOTES P Mars astronauts. 2 A study using mice found these high-energy particles slice through the brain. They pruned back connections linking brain cells. This left the animals with memory and learning problems. The study’s authors now worry that astronauts could suffer similar effects on long missions outside Earth’s protective atmosphere. One example: traveling to Mars. 3 The new findings are “worrisome, very worrisome,” says M. Kerry O’Banion. As a neuroscientist he studies how the brain works. O’Banion works at the University of Rochester Medical

Center in New York. All rights reserved. or its affiliates. Inc., Education, © Pearson 4 The explosion of massive stars creates cosmic rays. This energetic radiation consists of electrically charged particles.

1. particles n. tiny amounts of something.

IL11 UNIT 2 I • T m A © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 such radiation,hesays. unknown abouthowthehumanbodyandbrainwill respond to those inthetestbeam.Thedosesdiffer too.Soalotremains out. Spacealsoholdsamore complexmixture ofparticlesthan exposed totheradiationversushowastronauts are,” hepoints says. “There are bigdifferences inthewayanimalsare got backhome. make decisions.Brainimpactsalsomightpersistevenafterthey perform onmissions,includinghowquicklyandwellthey very problematic,” Limolisays.Itcouldaffect howwellpeople space. “Overthecourseofalong-termmission,thismaybecome problems. And sucheffects couldemerge whiletheywere stillin spacecraft more expensive andmore difficult tolaunch. one solution.However, shielding addsweight. And thatmakesa to protect thoseastronauts. Adding shielding toaspacecraftis more aboutcosmicraysmayhelpscientistscreate betterways astronauts toperformcriticaltasks,thescientistssay. And thisargues thatspaceradiationcouldimpairtheabilityof and uniquesusceptibilityofthe[brain]tospaceradiation.” Translating the Findings to People particles,” saysLimoli. “We weren’t expectingsuchdramaticeffects from thesecharged also leftthesebraincellswithfewerbranches,theteam found. the complexbranchesonnervecellsthatreceive messages.It Details appeared May1in They alsodidapoorer jobofremembering where atoyhadbeen. a harder timerecognizing newtoysthandidunzappedmice. charged particles.Theideawastosimulatecosmicraysinspace. his team’snewstudy, thescientistsbeamedmicewithhigh-energy estimates. three years,theNational Aeronautics andSpace Administration Well, ahumanmissiontoMarscouldlastbetweenoneand would bombard aspacecraftanditsastronauts. Forhowlong? Traveling through spaceatnearlythespeedoflight,thisradiation NASA wantstosendastronauts toMars by the2030s.Learning teamobserves,“Ourdataindicateanunexpected Still, Limoli’s Translating thesedatatopeople, however, isdifficult, O’Banion These findingssuggestMarsastronauts, too, might suffer brain Visible braindamagealsoshowedup.Theradiation shortened Six weekslater, themiceshowedmemoryproblems. Theyhad Charles LimoliworksattheUniversityofCalifornia, Irvine.For UNIT 2 I • T m A Science Advances .

❧ NOTES

IL12