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Manual of Environmental Best Practices for Snow and Ice Control

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Manual of Environmental Best Practices for Snow and Ice Control research for winter highway maintenance Manual of Environmental Best Practices for Snow and Ice Control Prepared as part of “Development of a Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices Manual” Western Transportation Institute Project 99006/CR13-01 June 2015 Pooled Fund #TPF-5(218) www.clearroads.org This page intentionally left blank Manual of Environmental Bestfor Snow Practices and Ice Control June 2015 Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Clear Roads Program by Dave Bergner Laura Fay, M.Sc. • Mehdi Honarvarnazari, Ph.D. – Monte Vista Associates, LLC. Scott Jungwirth, M.Sc. • Anburaj Muthumani, M.Sc. Na Cui, Ph.D. • Xianming Shi, Ph.D., P.E. Marie Venner – Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University – Venner Consulting, Inc. Developing a Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices Manual Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best Management Practices Manual by Laura Fay, M.Sc. Mehdi Honarvarnazari, Ph.D. Scott Jungwirth, M.Sc. Anburaj Muthumani, M.Sc. Na Cui, Ph.D. Xianming Shi, Ph.D., P.E. Western Transportation Institute College of Engineering Montana State University and Dave Bergner Monte Vista Associates, LLC. and Marie Venner Venner Consulting, Inc. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Clear Roads Program June 2015 Snow and Ice Control Environmental BMP Manual DISCLAIMER The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Clear Roads or Montana State University. Alternative accessible formats of this document will be provided upon request. Persons with disabilities who need an alternative accessible format of this information, or who require some other reasonable accommodation to participate, should contact Carla Little, Research Writer, Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, PO Box 174250, Bozeman, MT 59717-4250, telephone number 406- 994-6431, e-mail: [email protected]. Snow and Ice Control Environmental BMP Manual ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers wish to thank the Clear Roads pooled fund research project and its sponsor states of California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming for the funding of this project. We would also like to thank those who took the time to participate in the survey and in the follow-up interviews, as well as WTI staff members Carla Little and Neil Hetherington. Snow and Ice Control Environmental BMP Manual Table of Contents Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No 3. Recipient’s Catalog No 4. Title and Subtitle 4. Report Date Developing a Snow and Ice Control Environmental Best June 2015 Management Practices Manual 5. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Laura Fay*, Mehdi Honarvarnazari, Scott Jungwirth, Na Cui, Report # Anburaj Muthumani, Xianming Shi, Dave Bergner, and Marie Venner 9. Performing Organization Name & Address 10. Purchase Order No. Western Transportation Institute Montana State University 11. Contract No. 99006 PO Box 174250, Bozeman, MT 59717 Work Order #3 12. Sponsoring Agency Name & Address 13. Type of Report & Period Clear Roads Pooled Fund Covered Minnesota Department of Transportation Consultant Services Section, Mail Stop 680 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 395 John Ireland Boulevard St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-1800 15. Supplementary Notes * Principal Investigator (Email: [email protected]) 16. Abstract A manual on environmental best management practices used for snow and ice control was developed using information gain from a literature review, survey, and follow-up interviews. The document presents information on commonly used snow and ice control products and their potential impacts, and pathways into the environment. Following this information is presented on many aspects of snow and ice control operations from material handling and storage, application techniques and equipment, advanced technology for decision making, environmental management tools, pre-storm to mid-storm practices, post storm clean-up, and training. The manual summarizes common areas for improvement in snow and ice control practices to realize material and cost saving, while reducing impacts to the environment. 17. Key Words Distribution Statement Winter Maintenance, Environment, Best No restriction. This document is available to Practices, Snow and Ice Control Products, the public through the Clear Roads Winter Maintenance Practices, Winter Organization and the Maintenance Equipment, Winter Maintenance Minnesota Department of Transportation Operations 395 John Ireland Boulevard St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-1800 19. Security Classification 20. Security Classification (this 20. No. of 21. Price (this report) page) pages Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Report of completed page is authorized Snow and Ice Control Environmental BMP Manual Table of Contents Table of Contents DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................................ 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 Technical Report Documentation Page .......................................................................................... 4 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 8 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary of Survey Results........................................................................................................ 3 Level of Service .............................................................................................................................. 5 Measuring and Quantifying LOS ................................................................................................ 7 Environmental Management Tools ............................................................................................... 10 Environmental Management Systems....................................................................................... 11 Environmental Performance Management ............................................................................... 14 Training ......................................................................................................................................... 16 Snow and Ice Control Training Programs ................................................................................ 18 Monitoring and Keeping Records ................................................................................................. 20 Snow and Ice Control Materials ................................................................................................... 22 Abrasives................................................................................................................................... 24 Chlorides ................................................................................................................................... 29 Acetates and Formates .............................................................................................................. 33 Glycol and Glycerin .................................................................................................................. 38 Organically derived or Ag-based Products ............................................................................... 41 Facility Management .................................................................................................................... 43 Material Storage ........................................................................................................................ 43 Material Loading and Handling ................................................................................................ 47 Securing Stockpiles ................................................................................................................... 49 Yard and Drainage Clean-up .................................................................................................... 51 Operational Strategies ................................................................................................................... 59 Snow Removal .......................................................................................................................... 59 Loading, Hauling, and Dumping .............................................................................................. 68 Material Selection ......................................................................................................................... 71 v Snow and Ice Control Environmental BMP Manual Table of Contents Solids and Pre-wetting Solids ..................................................................................................
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