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October 13, 2020 u vol. 117 u no. 41 From the Cover 25609 Evolutionary history of pteropods 25327 Burn markers from Chicxulub crater 25378 Rapid warming and reef fish mortality 25601 Air pollution and mortality burden 25722 CRISPR-based diagnostic test for malaria Contents THIS WEEK IN PNAS—This week’s research highlights Cover image: Pictured are several 25183 In This Issue species of pteropods. Using phylogenomic data and fossil evidence, — Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg et al. INNER WORKINGS An over-the-shoulder look at scientists at work reconstructed the evolutionary history of 25186 Researchers peek into chromosomes’ 3D structure in unprecedented detail pteropods to evaluate the mollusks’ Amber Dance responses to past fluctuations in Earth’s carbon cycle. All major pteropod groups QNAS—Interviews with leading scientific researchers and newsmakers diverged in the Cretaceous, suggesting resilience to ensuing periods of 25190 QnAs with J. Michael Kosterlitz increased atmospheric carbon and Farooq Ahmed ocean acidification. However, it is unlikely that pteropods ever PROFILE—The life and work of NAS members experienced carbon release rates of the current magnitude. See the article by 25192 Profile of Subra Suresh Peijnenburg et al. on pages 25609– Sandeep Ravindran 25617. Image credit: Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg and Erica Goetze. COMMENTARIES 25195 One model to rule them all in network science? Roger Guimera` See companion article on page 23393 in issue 38 of volume 117 25198 Cis-regulatory units of grass genomes identified by their DNA methylation Peng Liu and R. Keith Slotkin See companion article on page 23991 in issue 38 of volume 117 LETTERS 25200 Not all trauma is the same Qin Xiang Ng, Donovan Yutong Lim, and Kuan Tsee Chee 25201 Reply to Ng et al.: Not all trauma is the same, but lessons can be drawn from commonalities Ethan J. Raker, Meghan Zacher, and Sarah R. Lowe 25203 Lack of evidence for BCG vaccine protection from severe COVID-19 Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, and Bjoern Peters 25205 The bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination allows the innate immune system to provide protection from severe COVID-19 infection Vincenzo Patella, Gabriele Delfino, Dario Bruzzese, Ada Giuliano, and Alessandro Sanduzzi Free online through the PNAS open access option. PNAS u October 13, 2020 u vol. 117 u no. 41 u iii–viii Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 25207 Reply to Patella et al. and Lindestam Arlehamn et al.: 25532 Evolutionarily diverse LIM domain-containing Complex pandemic dynamics and effect of bacillus proteins bind stressed actin filaments through Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination on COVID-19 aconservedmechanism prevalence and mortality Jonathan D. Winkelman, Caitlin A. Anderson, Cristian Suarez, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Luis E. Escobar, and Alvaro Molina-Cruz David R. Kovar, and Margaret L. Gardel CHEMISTRY BRIEF REPORT 25284 Distinct RNA N-demethylation pathways catalyzed 25209 Physics of virus transmission by by nonheme iron ALKBH5 and FTO enzymes enable speaking droplets regulation of formaldehyde release rates Roland R. Netz and William A. Eaton Joel D. W. Toh, Steven W. M. Crossley, Kevin J. Bruemmer, Eva J. Ge, Dan He, Diana A. Iovan, and Christopher J. Chang 25293 Metabolic precision labeling enables PHYSICAL SCIENCES selective probing of O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine glycosylation APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Marjoke F. Debets, Omur Y. Tastan, Simon P. Wisnovsky, 25212 Functional rewiring across spinal injuries via Stacy A. Malaker, Nikolaos Angelis, Leonhard K. R. Moeckl, biomimetic nanofiber scaffolds Junwon Choi, Helen Flynn, Lauren J. S. Wagner, Ganka Bineva- Sadaf Usmani, Audrey Franceschi Biagioni, Manuela Todd, Aristotelis Antonopoulos, Anna Cioce, William M. Medelin, Denis Scaini, Raffaele Casani, Emily R. Aurand, Daniel Browne, Zhen Li, David C. Briggs, Holly L. Douglas, Gaelen T. Padro, Ander Egimendia, Pedro Ramos Cabrer, Manuela Hess, Anthony J. Agbay, Chloe Roustan, Svend Kjaer, Stuart M. Scarselli, Maurizio De Crescenzi, Maurizio Prato, Haslam, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Michael C. Bassik, W. E. and Laura Ballerini Moerner, Vivian S. W. Li, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, and Benjamin Schumann 25219 Glide symmetry breaking and Ising criticality in the quasi-1D magnet CoNb2O6 EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Michele Fava, Radu Coldea, and S. A. Parameswaran 25302 The enigma of Oligocene climate and global surface 25225 Stiffness of the interface between a colloidal temperature evolution body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid Charlotte L. O’Brien, Matthew Huber, Ellen Thomas, Mark Hyerim Hwang, David A. Weitz, and Frans Spaepen Pagani, James R. Super, Leanne E. Elder, and Pincelli M. Hull 25230 Universal motifs and the diversity of 25310 Impact shock origin of diamonds in ureilite meteorites autocatalytic systems Fabrizio Nestola, Cyrena A. Goodrich, Marta Morana, Anna Alex Blokhuis, David Lacoste, and Philippe Nghe Barbaro, Ryan S. Jakubek, Oliver Christ, Frank E. Brenker, M. 25237 Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to Chiara Domeneghetti, M. Chiara Dalconi, Matteo Alvaro, asymptomatic spreading of virus Anna M. Fioretti, Konstantin D. Litasov, Marc D. Fries, Matteo Leoni, Nicola P. M. Casati, Peter Jenniskens, Manouk Abkarian, Simon Mendez, Nan Xue, Fan Yang, and Muawia H. Shaddad and Howard A. Stone 25246 Spontaneous outflow efficiency of confined 25319 Emergence of the Southeast Asian islands as a driver liquid in hydrophobic nanopores for Neogene cooling Yuem Park, Pierre Maffre, Yves Godde´ris, Francis A. Yuan Gao, Mingzhe Li, Yue Zhang, Weiyi Lu, Macdonald, Eliel S. C. Anttila, and Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell and Baoxing Xu 25327 Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater 25628 Three-dimensional digital PCR through light-sheet – imaging of optically cleared emulsion exacerbated the K Pg impact winter Shelby L. Lyons, Allison T. Karp, Timothy J. Bralower, Kliti Peiyu Liao, Mengcheng Jiang, Zitian Chen, Fangli Zhang, Yue Grice, Bettina Schaefer, Sean P. S. Gulick, Joanna V. Morgan, Sun, Jun Nie, Meijie Du, Jianbin Wang, Peng Fei, and Katherine H. Freeman and Yanyi Huang 25335 Particle motion on burned and vegetated hillslopes Danica L. Roth, Tyler H. Doane, Joshua J. Roering, David J. BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Furbish, and Aaron Zettler-Mann 25254 Superantigenic character of an insert unique to SARS- CoV-2 spike supported by skewed TCR repertoire 25344 High concentration of ultrafine particles in the in patients with hyperinflammation Amazon free troposphere produced by organic Mary Hongying Cheng, She Zhang, Rebecca A. Porritt, Magali new particle formation Noval Rivas, Lisa Paschold, Edith Willscher, Mascha Binder, Bin Zhao, Manish Shrivastava, Neil M. Donahue, Hamish Moshe Arditi, and Ivet Bahar Gordon, Meredith Schervish, John E. Shilling, Rahul A. Zaveri, Jian Wang, Meinrat O. Andreae, Chun Zhao, Brian Gaudet, 25263 Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by Ying Liu, Jiwen Fan, and Jerome D. Fast a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient 25601 The 17-y spatiotemporal trend of PM and its Ian Williams, Sangyoon Lee, Azzurra Apriceno, Richard P. Sear, 2.5 and Giuseppe Battaglia mortality burden in China Fengchao Liang, Qingyang Xiao, Keyong Huang, Xueli Yang, 25272 The role of fibril structure and surface Fangchao Liu, Jianxin Li, Xiangfeng Lu, Yang Liu, hydrophobicity in secondary nucleation and Dongfeng Gu of amyloid fibrils Dev Thacker, Kalyani Sanagavarapu, Birgitta Frohm, Georg ENGINEERING Meisl, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, and Sara Linse 25352 Near–hysteresis-free soft tactile electronic skins for 25445 Functional plasticity and evolutionary adaptation of wearables and reliable machine learning allosteric regulation Haicheng Yao, Weidong Yang, Wen Cheng, Yu Jun Tan, Hian Megan Leander, Yuchen Yuan, Anthony Meger, Qiang Cui, Hian See, Si Li, Hashina Parveen Anwar Ali, Brian Z. H. Lim, and Srivatsan Raman Zhuangjian Liu, and Benjamin C. K. Tee iv u www.pnas.org Contents Downloaded by guest on September 29, 2021 25360 Roboticizing fabric by integrating functional fibers 25434 On the accuracy of official Chinese crop production Trevor L. Buckner, R. Adam Bilodeau, Sang Yup Kim, data: Evidence from biophysical indexes of net and Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio primary production Gengyuan Liu, Xueqi Wang, Giovanni Baiocchi, Marco ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Casazza, Fanxin Meng, Yanpeng Cai, Yan Hao, Feng Wu, 25370 Health benefits of on-road transportation pollution and Zhifeng Yang control programs in China Haikun Wang, Xiaojing He, Xinyu Liang, Ernani F. Choma, Yifan Liu, Li Shan, Haotian Zheng, Shaojun Zhang, Chris P. Nielsen, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Shuxiao Wang, Ye Wu, and John S. Evans ANTHROPOLOGY 25378 Rapid onsets of warming events trigger mass mortality of coral reef fish 25414 The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans Amatzia Genin, Liraz Levy, Galit Sharon, Dionysios E. Raitsos, into westernmost Eurasia and Arik Diamant Jonathan A. Haws, Michael M. Benedetti, Sahra Talamo, Nuno Bicho, Joa˜o Cascalheira, M. Grace Ellis, 25386 Proteome-wide effects of naphthalene-derived Milena M. Carvalho, Lukas Friedl, Telmo Pereira, secondary organic aerosol in BEAS-2B cells are and Brandon K. Zinsious caused by short-lived unsaturated carbonyls Jiajun Han, Shunyao Wang, Kirsten Yeung, Diwen Yang, Wen Gu, Zhiyuan Ma, Jianxian Sun, Xiaomin Wang, Chung-Wai BIOCHEMISTRY Chow, Arthur W. H. Chan, and Hui Peng 25284 Distinct RNA N-demethylation pathways catalyzed by nonheme iron ALKBH5 and FTO enzymes enable PHYSICS regulation of formaldehyde release rates 25396 Quantum