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Flood in La Canada Valley California

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Flood in La Canada Valley California If yon do not need this report after it has served your purpose, please return it to the Geological Survey, using the official mailing: label at the end UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Water-Supply Paper 796-C FLOOD IN LA CANADA VALLEY CALIFORNIA JANUARY 1, 1934 BY HAROLD C. TROXELL AND JOHN Q. PETERSON Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1937 (Pages 53-98) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1937 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ------ Price 20 cents CONTENTS ____ Page Abstract......................................................^.... 53 Introduction....................................................... 54 Acknowledgments...................................... ... .*. 55 La Canada Valley and vicinity...................................... 56 Topography and drainage....................................... 56 Soil........................................................i. 58 Climate....................................................... 58 Vegetation.................................................... 59 General features of the Hew Year's flood........................... 60 The fire of November 21-24, 1955.............................. 60 Rainfall of the New Year's storm.............................. 60 Rates of discharge............................................ 65 Flood damage.................................................. 68 Debris movement.................................................... 69 Pickens Creek................................................. 71 Factors influencing movement of debris........................ 74 Adaptation of stream bed to discharge and debris movement..... 74 Movement of debris across the debris cone..................... 80 Composition of debris and its influence on debris movement.... 88 Measurements of debris........................................ 92 Sources of debris.................................................. 93 Soil erosion.................................................. 95 Slides........................................................ 94 Stream-channel deposits...................................... 95 Effects of the New Year's storm on other drainage areas............ 96 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate 16. La Canada Valley, looking north......................... 56 17. Western part of drainage area of Pickens Creek.......... 55 18. Map of Los Angeles and vicinity......................... 55 19. A, Typical scene of destruction; B, Encroachments on channel of Pickens Creek.............................. 72 20. A, Condition of check dam and channel in canyon sec­ tion of Pickens Creekj B, Area on Pickens Creek sparsely covered by chaparral......................... 72 21. A, Condition of channel of Pickens Creek above alti­ tude of about 3,200 feet} B, Material from adjacent slopes slumped into the bed of Pickens Creek.......... 72 22. A, Pickens Creek at altitude of about 2,500 feet; B, Channel of Pickens Creek on debris cone at alti­ tude of about 2,000 feet.............................. 75 25. A, B, Stream-bed erosion on debris cone in Pickens Creek................................................. 80 24. A, Debris deposited in Pickens Creek during storm of October 1934; B, Canyon section of Pickens Creek immediately below a sharp bend........................ 80 25. A, Abrasion marks on tree trunk in Pickens Canyonj B, Damaged condition of trees caused by swiftly moving debris and water in canyon section of Pickens Creek................................................. 80 26. A, Small falls in Pickens Canyonj B, Debris in channel of Fish Week, April 2, 1925.......................... 81 27. A, Debris in channel of Fish Creek, April 18, 1925$ B, Channel of Dunsmore Creek at end of New York Avenue................................................ 88 28. A, Two boulders on pavement at end of New York Avenue; B, East bank of Pickens Creek at Orange Avenue........ 88 29. A, West bank of Pickens Creek at Orange Avenue; B, Pickens Creek about a quarter of a mile above Orange Avenue......................................... 88 30. A, Composition of debris deposits in channel of Pickens Creekj B, Debris basin in Haines Canyon............... 89 51. A, Example of soil erosionj B, Example of gully erosion. 96 52. Typical landslides! A, Slide in upper end of the de­ bris cone on Pickens Creek; B, Landslide in Brand Park, Qlendale Highlands.............................. 96 III IV ILLUSTRATIONS Page Plate 33. A, Check dam in Halnes Canyon; B, Debris above a check dam in Pickens Canyon................................. 96 34. A, Debris above a check dam in Haines Canyon; B, Land­ slides on forest-covered slopes of Verdugo Mountains near Glendale......................................... 97 Figure 7. Map of La Canada Valley and vicinity.................... 57 8. Mean rate of rainfall for 5-minute periods.............. 62 9. Rainfall records for Opids Camp, Mount Lukens, and Flintridge stations................................... 64 10. Graphs showing rainfall of New Year's storm, profile showing location of rain gages, and relation between rates of ra'infall and run-off on an experimental plot in Pickens Canyon................................ 66 11. Profile of Pickens Creek................................ 70 12. Movement of debris in Pickens Canyon.................... 78 13. Movement of debris wave across debris cone of Pickens Creek............................................*..*. 85 14. Debris wave on Pickens Creek debris cone................ 86 15. Sieve analyses of debris................................ 89 16. Action of debris wave on check dam in Haines Canyon..... 91 FLOOD IH U. CAITADA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA By Harold C. Troxell and John Q. Peterson ABSTRACT Heavy rainfall at the id of December 1933, following an earlier storm about the middle of th month, caused a disastrous flood in La Canada Valley, near Los Ange .es, Calif. As a result of this flood over 600,000 cubic yards of debri . was moved from the mountain area to the foothill region and the vail y floor, devastating buildings, citrus groves, vineyards, villages, and highways. The reported property dam- age exceeded $5,000,000, and more than 40 lives were lost. About 7.5 square miles \f mountain area tributary to La Canada Valley was burned over by a "ire in November 1933, and from this burned- over area came practically a: LI the run-off that produced the debris move- ment in the La Crescenta-Mon .rose district. Damage was suffered at many places in the vicinity of Lo Angeles outside La Canada Valley. The dis- charge of water* into Glendal : and Burbank from canyons draining the southern and western slopes if the Verdugo Mountains and San Rafael Hills was torrential and heavily 1 aded with debris, although these slopes have a normal forest cover. The Pickens Creek draining i area was selected for a study of the de- bris movement from the seven il mountain canyons, as it is reasonably typical of the areas drainln ; into La Canada Valley. Pickens Creek drains the short and steep Pickens anyon, crosses La Canada Valley, and flows into Verdugo Creek. Pickens Canyon has very steep slopes, from which much debris was delivered to the tream channel during the heavy rainfall of the New Year's storm. Large debris deposits had accumulated in the can- yon during years prior to 19 >3 in which there had been only minor floods. Many check dams in the streaii bed were destroyed by the flood, thereby re- leasing large quantities of lebris. Numerous slides from the sides of the channel also contributed to he amount of debris. The addition of greater than normal debris loads to ;he channel of Pickens Creek caused deposition among the boulders in the c iel, thereby smoothing its bed and increas- ing its carrying capacity. Che deposition also tended to increase the gradient and thereby the cap city, until an adjustment was reached between velocity, slope, and capacity With an increase in the discharge of the stream because of the high rite of storm run-off, the velocity and ca- pacity were increased, causlig a downstream movement of the accumulated' debris in the canyon. The debris cone in Pick ns Canyon begins at an altitude of about 2^800 feet. Under condition existing prior to the New Teat's flood de- posits of new debris on the one began at an altitude of 2,100 feet, with a tendency for the initial p Int of deposition to move farther downstream with each successive flood, Because of the deep channel that had been cut down in the upper part o the debris cone the flood discharge of Pick- ens Creek at the time of the New Tear's flood could not spread out over the cone until it had passed the Foothill Boulevard, thereby bringing the flood flow and debris moveme .t about 13,000 feet nearer the developed sections of La Canada Valley than they would have come if the energy could have been dissipated the spreading and meandering channels of the older cone. Only in Haines Canyon w s it possible to measure accurately the amount of debris. There a gravel pit in the upper end of the debris cone had been converted into a de ris basin, and it was found from surveys that 28,500 cubic yards of dsbris coming from an area of less than 1 1/2 square miles was deposited ii the pit. Profiles of Pickens Can on made before and after the New Year's flood indicated that about 7 ,000 cubic yards of debris was removed from the canyon during the flood. The tributary area was 1.6 square miles. 53 54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO HYDROLOGY, 193V The river-measurement
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