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The Illumos ZFS Administration Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc

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The Illumos ZFS Administration Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc The illumos ZFS Administration Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc. has intellectual property rights relating to technology embodied in the product that is described in this document. In particular, and without limitation, these intellectual property rights may include one or more U.S. patents or pending patent applications in the U.S. and in other countries. U.S. Government Rights – Commercial software. Government users are subject to the Sun Microsystems, Inc. standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements. This distribution may include materials developed by third parties. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, the Solaris logo, the Java Coffee Cup logo, docs.sun.com, Java, and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Legato NetWorker is a trademark or registered trademark of Legato Systems, Inc. The OPEN LOOK and Sun™ Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry. Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface, which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements. Products covered by and information contained in this publication are controlled by U.S. Export Control laws and may be subject to the export or import laws in other countries. Nuclear, missile, chemical or biological weapons or nuclear maritime end uses or end users, whether direct or indirect, are strictly prohibited. Export or reexport to countries subject to U.S. embargo or to entities identified on U.S. export exclusion lists, including, but not limited to, the denied persons and specially designated nationals lists is strictly prohibited. DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTA- TIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID. Copyright © 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Contents Contents i List of Tables vi 1 ZFS File System (Introduction)1 1.1 What’s New in ZFS? . .1 Using Cache Devices in Your ZFS Storage Pool . .3 Enhancements to the zfs send Command . .3 ZFS Quotas and Reservations for File System Data Only . .4 ZFS File System Properties for the Solaris CIFS Service . .4 ZFS Storage Pool Properties . .5 ZFS and File System Mirror Mounts . .6 ZFS Command History Enhancements (zpool history)..................6 Upgrading ZFS File Systems (zfs upgrade)........................7 ZFS Delegated Administration . .8 Setting Up Separate ZFS Logging Devices . .8 Creating Intermediate ZFS Datasets . .9 ZFS Hotplugging Enhancements . 10 Recursively Renaming ZFS Snapshots (zfs rename -r).................. 10 GZIP Compression is Available for ZFS . 11 Storing Multiple Copies of ZFS User Data . 11 Improved zpool status Output . 12 ZFS and Solaris iSCSI Improvements . 12 Sharing ZFS File System Enhancements . 12 ZFS Command History (zpool history).......................... 13 ZFS Property Improvements . 14 ZFS xattr Property . 14 ZFS canmount Property . 14 ZFS User Properties . 14 Setting Properties When Creating ZFS File Systems . 14 Displaying All ZFS File System Information . 15 New zfs receive -F Option . 15 Recursive ZFS Snapshots . 15 Double Parity RAID-Z (raidz2)............................. 15 Hot Spares for ZFS Storage Pool Devices . 15 Replacing a ZFS File System With a ZFS Clone (zfs promote).............. 16 Upgrading ZFS Storage Pools (zpool upgrade)...................... 16 Using ZFS to Clone Non-Global Zones and Other Enhancements . 16 i CONTENTS ZFS Backup and Restore Commands are Renamed . 17 Recovering Destroyed Storage Pools . 17 ZFS is Integrated With Fault Manager . 17 New zpool clear Command . 17 Compact NFSv4 ACL Format . 17 File System Monitoring Tool (fsstat)............................ 18 ZFS Web-Based Management . 18 1.2 What Is ZFS? . 19 ZFS Pooled Storage . 19 Transactional Semantics . 19 Checksums and Self-Healing Data . 20 Unparalleled Scalability . 20 ZFS Snapshots . 20 Simplified Administration . 20 1.3 ZFS Terminology . 21 1.4 ZFS Component Naming Requirements . 22 2 Getting Started With ZFS 23 2.1 ZFS Hardware and Software Requirements and Recommendations . 23 2.2 Creating a Basic ZFS File System . 23 2.3 Creating a ZFS Storage Pool . 24 2.4 Creating a ZFS File System Hierarchy . 26 3 ZFS and Traditional File System Differences 29 3.1 ZFS File System Granularity . 29 3.2 ZFS Space Accounting . 30 Out of Space Behavior . 30 3.3 Mounting ZFS File Systems . 30 3.4 Traditional Volume Management . 31 3.5 The NFSv4 ACL Model . 31 4 Managing ZFS Storage Pools 33 4.1 Components of a ZFS Storage Pool . 33 Using Disks in a ZFS Storage Pool . 33 Using Files in a ZFS Storage Pool . 35 Identifying Virtual Devices in a Storage Pool . 35 4.2 Replication Features of a ZFS Storage Pool . 35 Mirrored Storage Pool Configuration . 36 RAID-Z Storage Pool Configuration . 36 Self-Healing Data in a Redundant Configuration . 37 Dynamic Striping in a Storage Pool . 37 4.3 Creating and Destroying ZFS Storage Pools . 37 Creating a ZFS Storage Pool . 37 Creating a Basic Storage Pool . 38 Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool . 38 Creating RAID-Z Storage Pools . 38 Creating a ZFS Storage Pool with Log Devices . 39 Creating a ZFS Storage Pool with Cache Devices . 40 Handling ZFS Storage Pool Creation Errors . 41 ii Contents Detecting in Use Devices . 41 Mismatched Replication Levels . 42 Doing a Dry Run of Storage Pool Creation . 42 Default Mount Point for Storage Pools . 43 Destroying ZFS Storage Pools . 43 Destroying a Pool With Faulted Devices . 43 4.4 Managing Devices in ZFS Storage Pools . 44 Adding Devices to a Storage Pool . 44 Attaching and Detaching Devices in a Storage Pool . 47 Onlining and Offlining Devices in a Storage Pool . 48 Taking a Device Offline . 49 Bringing a Device Online . 49 Clearing Storage Pool Devices . 50 Replacing Devices in a Storage Pool . 50 Designating Hot Spares in Your Storage Pool . 51 Activating and Deactivating Hot Spares in Your Storage Pool . 52 4.5 Managing ZFS Storage Pool Properties . 54 4.6 Querying ZFS Storage Pool Status . 56 Displaying Basic ZFS Storage Pool Information . 56 Listing Information About All Storage Pools . 56 Listing Specific Storage Pool Statistics . 57 Scripting ZFS Storage Pool Output . 58 Viewing ZFS Storage Pool I/O Statistics . 58 Listing Pool-Wide Statistics . 58 Listing Virtual Device Statistics . ..
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