Clarkson University Centennial 1896-1996 the St

The St. Lawrence County HistoricalAssociation OUARTERLY Volume XLI - Number 2 - Spring, 1996

Clarkson University Centennial 1896-1996 The St. Lawrence County Historical Association at the Silas Wright Museum

The St. Lawrence organization based at the Silas Wright a constitution, by-laws, and elect its officers and trustees. 8.I: Oficers: Trustees: % President: Roselie Bambrey, Chris Angus, Canton Vice-president: I. Rebecca on, Hannawa Falls Patricia Carson, Canton 2 Treasurer: David ~wan~cjff~anton Richard Foster, Gouvemeuf 5 Secretary: Cay ~abn..&e, Ogdensburg Ruth Garner, Potsdam g E. Jane Layo, Waddington b Carl Stickney, Norwood g Anne Townsend, Colton Peter Van de Water, canto4 ~imothfk. +><..::..:.- Wright Roben Wells, Canton $ 1 $ 8 2 g2 $ Our Mission 4 I The St. Lawrence County n is an educational resource center and museum tdat researches, collects, preserves, and ink County history through collections development publication, exhibition, and programming, help establish the intellectual and cultural connectiobs that expand awareness and place St. Lawrence County i'i:ts state and national context, while revealing its uniqueidentity. The Association examines different aspects of life Wt. Lawrence County from multiple and diverse re$rces through community partnerships and collaboration. SLC@hvalues quality, integrity, and accessibility anqoperates within established museum standards befitting its American 'hqociation of Museums (AAM) accredited stiitus. .':$,:-...... Z..~~..~~,,~:.~~~..:.~~.~.:*~.~,~,~.~...~,~~~.>>~.~>~.~..>~~.~.:.:..~ SLCHA Membership Membership in the St. Lawrence County Historical Association is open to all interested parties. Annual membership dues are: Individual, $25; SeniorIStudent, $20; Family, $35; Contributor, $50; Supporter, $100; Patron, $250; Businesses, $50 to $1,000. Members receive the SLCHA Quarterly, the Historical Association's bi-monthly newsletter, and various discounts on publications, programs and events.

St. Lawrence County Historical Association at the Silas Wright Museum P. 0.Box 8,3 East Main Street Canton, New York 13617 (315) 386-8133 . .. Published continuously since 19: The St. Luwrence Countv Historical Association The ~LCHAQuarterly 1s enaowed in memory of Albert Priest Newel1 and Ella Waterman Newell. Publication of The SLCHA Quar- OUARTERLY terly is also made possible in part \with publit c funds from the Nc ew ( -Volume XLI Number 2 - Spring 1996 fork State Council >n the Art - ISSN: 0558-1931 -. Ma, J. Re1

wart J. U Ed 'itorial Bo lard: I:-- I:-- A R CONTENTS IWU u Mel- n. arker Don Butters Dennis E. Eickhoff George H. Gibson Clarkson's Century of Presidents "' ley M. H " --- Ian Shideler Bradford B. Broughton

Copyight Q 1% 6 by the . 9 St. Lawre tnie County nisroncai-.. I Associatit m. AN rigi bts reserved. Except for brief excerpts, no part of this public ation may be copied or reproduce3 without the express mission of I written pen -. . the author and the Historical Association. The St. Lawrence County Historical Associatio~o is not re sponsible for the statemf :nts, interprations, and opinions ot contn~utorsto The SLCHA Qfi

The SLCHA @arterly is published Issue Editor: Winter, Spring, Sum mer, and E:all George H. Gibson each year by the Sit. Lawrelwe County Historical A:ssociation for its members and frierIAQ

Additional copies ma y be obtak ned from the SI e County FIis- . .. -- -- toncal Assoaatlon, Y.U. Box 8, Can- ton, NY 131617 at $4.(10 each ($2 ..Oo Cover Illustration: formemberrs), plus $1 !Ooforposta kge. Historic vim of Clarkson Contributions: University's Old Main building. The SLCHA Quarterly welcomes (Counuy of Clubon Univdly) contributions. To submit a manu- script, or for further information, please contact the editor through the St. Lawrence County Histori- cal Association. Please address communiccations tc): Manag ing Editor, Tihe SLCHi 4 Quartelply, P.O. Box 8, Canton,, NY 1361 7. Clarkson's Century of Presidents by Bradford B. Broughton

The information in this article was takenfrom the author's A Clarkson Mosaic, the centennial history of Clarkson University, published in I995 by the university, andfrom unpublished minutes of the Clarkson trustees in the Clarkson archives, and from Clarkson 's student newspaper, the Integrator.

wo months after the death that would offer the best and most On December 18, after report- of prominent Potsdam advanced opportunitiesfor indus- ing on this trip to the group that businessman Thomas trial and technical education in had met earlier, Miss Annie pro- Streatfeild Clarkson on August the area. posed that their group organize 19, 1894, at the age of 57, his To that end, family and friends themselves into an informal board sisters, cousin and nieces, along met at Holcroft, one of the of trustees and elect a president with prominent Potsdam residents Clarkson residences, to plan the and secretary. Charles Tappan began considering ways to me- memorial. Besides Mr. and Mrs. and Miss Annie were elected morialize him. They remembered T. Streatfeild Clarkson, Misses president and secretary, respec- that long before his death, Tho- Elizabeth, Frederica, and Annie tively, and John McIntyre was mas had considered founding a Clarkson, the group also included asked to investigate incorpora- school to promote manual arts John G. McIntyre, Charles 0. tion. The other gentlemen of the and technical education, indus- Tappan, Abraham X. Parker, board were appointed a cornmit- try, thrift, and good citizenship. George H. Sweet, and Dr. tee to choose an appropriate site For many years, he had been a Malcolm McVicar, the first prin- for a school building. Acting on leader in Potsdam's businesses;, cipal of the Normal and Training the committee recommendations he had furnished employment for School at Potsdam. At that meet- the following January, the Misses a large number of people and was ing, the group agreed on the name Clarkson bought three plots particularly eager to advance the Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial along Main Street for $8,000: condition of workers in the vil- School of Technology. Shortly the Ransom home for $2,500; lage. He especially wanted to thereafter, a special committee of the Brown home for $2,500; and provide educational facilities for Miss Elizabeth, Miss Annie, the Hamblin home for $3,000. ambitious young men and young McIntyre, and Sweet studied the Ten months later, trustees of women who worked hard to bet- map of Potsdam to decide what the local school district deeded to ter their station and condition in kind of school was best adapted Clarkson School a piece of land life, but his death prevented him to this locality, and the costs of in the rear of the Ransom lot, from carrying out those dreams. establishing and maintaining it. making arectangularplot of ground His loving sisters, however, They visited well-known engi- along Main Street measuring 18 1.5 sharing those same desires to help neering, trade, and technical by 330 feet for the location of the the young people, began investi- schools, consulted educaton, and memorial school building. gating what was needed to estab- gathered a wide range of informa- During these negotiations for lish a memorial school in Potsdam tion fromthebest availablesources. land, Edgar A. Josslyn, promi-

1 St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly a water line was run to all portions of the building. The building was ventilated by fans, heated by both direct and indirect steam radia- tors, and lighted by electricity. The main section of the building contained the director's office, library, recitation rooms, chemical and physical lecture rooms, physical and home science laboratory, drafting rooms, and the assembly hall with a seat- ing capacity of 500. Room 125 housed the kitchen with the din- ing room just across the hall; mil- linery and dressmaking were on the second floor. The third floor was completely open and served as the chapel for devotions held every weekday morning and for many other kinds of meetings; it also was considered to be the best dance floor in Northern New York. In the basement were the boiler rooms, photometer room, photographic dark room, laundry, toilets, and lockers. The east wing housed the machine shop, the woodworking shop, and the In its early years, Clarkson provided for a wide variety of training and steam-engine and dynamo rooms; technological education. Testing of a gas engine, circa 1905, is pictured the west wing housed the chemi- here, from what was then called Clarkson School of Technology. cal, electrical, and mechanical engineering laboratories and the nent New York architect, was in- each 180by 36 feet, were finished forge shop. An expert expressed vited to Potsdam by the board to inside in quartered oak and hard his opinion in 1896 that: present rough plans for a build- pine. The maple floors in the ing. His plans were adopted, and wings were laid on cedar sleepers All in all, the Clarkson on June 10, 1895, ground. was embedded in the concrete, except Memorial School building and its equipment are justly broken for the new building, now in the forge shop and the foundry. pronounced by expertjudges the known as Old Main. Built of Substantial fire-proof construc- most attractive, modem, and carefully selected Potsdam red tion consisted of iron girders with strictly up-to-date to be found in sandstone, with roofs of Spanish brick arches between them; the any technical college of the land. tile, and with Hayes patent sky- stairwell had iron stairs with slate lights on the wings, this 87 by 57 treads and iron and concrete land- As the building neared comple- foot building and its two wings, ings. As an extra fire precaution, tion, the trustees realized that the

St. Lawrence County Historical Association Quarterly 2 The machine shop (top)and forge shop (bottom) in the Old Main building were state-of-the-art facilities at the turn-ofthe-centuq.

St. Lawrence County Historical Association Qunrtcrly school needed to be incorporated and to became affiliated with the University of theStateofNew York* However, officials of the university continued their policy of refusing to bestow on local colleges and universities the power of conferring degrees and granting diplomas. Nonetheless, on March 11, 1896, after the location and the building had been inspected and approved by an in- spector from the regents, the board of trustees made formal applica- Scientific testing was a feature of the early technical training at tion to the State Board of Regents Clarkson. This included the electrical testing (top), tests of steam for a charter. engines (center), and materials testing (bottom1. A week later, Anson Judd Upson, chancellor, and Melvil Dewey, secretary, approved the application and signed the charter of the Thomas S. Clarkson Me- morial School of Technology. By this charter:

All graduates who shall have satisfactorily completed the course of study and the examinations required and shall have been recommended by the trustees for the degree of Bachelor of Science, shall receive from the University the

he University of the State of New York is not the same as the State University of New York. The latter was fonned by the regents in 1948 to coordinate the state- supported institutions of higher education. The Universityof the State of New York was established in 1784and is run by the regents whose administrative agency is the State Education Department. This "university " embraces all education in the state from kindergarten to professional schools both public and private, grants charters to museums and libraries, and supervises the practice of any profession in the state (law, medicine, engineering, architecture, optometry, etc.). Its regents are authorized to incorporate educational institutions, and they may confer degrees.

St. Lmvnnce County Historicd Association Quartedy 4 Charles Eaton (1895-1896)

With the site of the school building secured and its plans approved, the trustees turned in 1895 to the choice of a director. The directorship was first offered to C.R. Richards, aprofessor at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn at a salary of $2,500 per year; he turned down the offer. The board then turned to Charles Eaton of Pratt. Their first offer to Eaton on May 16 was at asalary of $1,800per year with a residence near the school or $2,000 without the residence; he did not accept the position. On May 29, the board offered Eaton a new salary which he accepted: $2,500 per year. He accepted, with the condition that house rent also be provided; it was. He was to begin his duties on July 1, 1895, and to continue at the pleasure of both Charles Eaton, parties. His duties were to take Clarkson 's first director, 1895-1896. charge of the erection of the school building and to provide for the equipment and organization of the which both the college and the degree of B.S. certified by a school until it was fully opened. state university were properly rec- diploma bearing the seals and In February, Eaton presented to the official signatures both of ognized in the granting of de- the trustees a document entitled the institution and the University grees. Two weeks later, the trust- First Circular of Information, of the State of New York. ees in Potsdam formally accepted 1896-1897which spelled out his the revised charter, and officially Clarkson's trustees, however, vision for the school and its cur- and legally organized themselves were not satisfied with this word- ricula. ing, and successfully presented as the board of trustees of Clarkson their arguments in Albany on Memorial School. John G. 1. Technical. Training the October 15. Thus, the charter McIntyre was named president; student for an engineering was modified by acornpromise in Miss Annie Clarkson, secretary; profession, and for special skill and George Sweet, treasurer. in the various branches of

5 St. Lmvnnce County Historical Association Quarterly industrial and domestic arts and fied with a two-year trade school of the Plague in London, Irving's applied sciences, by giving which would train artisans well Tales of a Traveller, Scott's instruction in such subjects as are found to developthe qualities for their chosen crafts. However, Woodstock, Macaulay 's Essays of self-reliance, soundjudgment, due to Eaton's foresight and his on Milton, Longfellow's and logical reasoning; together four-year plan, the Clarkson Evangeline, and George Eliot's with laboratory methods of School began to educate engi- Silas Marner. learning, which have been neers for their professions in the In spite of the difficulty of acknowledged to be the best means of giving lasting results. most modem types of technol- these entrance examinations, ogy. For this education, Director when the college opened five 2. Normal. Giving the Eaton had purposely created se- young men appeared in the prep student a thorough preparation vererequirements. Only students class, eight men in the freshman for the profession of a teacher or with ability were admitted to class, and four women in domes- manual training subjects in the public school service. the six courses of instruction tic science. At that time, only offered: electrical engineering led to a 3. Liberal. Believing that four-year degree., Classes be- there should be added to the 1. Mechanical Drawing and gan in September with the fol- scientific and technical studies Machine Design and exercises, which tend to 2. Electrical Engineering lowing faculty: make men resolute, exact and 3. Domestic Science and Art Charles W. Eaton. C. E., strong, at least a moderate 4. Machine Work and Smithing Director amount of those culture studies 5. Woodwork and Pattern Henry B. Dates, B. S., which tend to make men broad Making Electrical Engineering and and liberal, a certain amount of 6. Normal Manual Training Chemistry this work has been added to the Edward Robinson, B.S., other studies . . . . For admission to courses Drawing and Machine 1,3,4,5, students had to be at least Design Both sexes are admitted on Henry R. Hedge, B.S., equal footing to the privileges of 16, and to pass satisfactorily examinations in arithmetic, geogra- Mathematics and Modem the school. Languages phy (political and commercial), Frank K. Rogers, B.S., His plan to aid young men and and English composition. For Woodwork young women who showed a6'de- admission to course 2 (electrical C. A. McDonald, B.S., sire to aid themselves" certainly engineering), however, students Machine Work and Forging was in keeping with the philoso- had to, pass examinations in Sarah A. Nichols, Domestic Science phy of Thomas S. Clarkson. Self algebra; plane geometry, arith- reliance, sound judgment, and metic, French, United States his- At the septimber 19 meeting logical reasoning were to be taught tory to the present time, and of the board, Miss Annie "re- through scientific and technical English. solved that all bills and expenses studies; and liberal ideas were to For this English examination, for the running of the school must be stimulated through at least a the student was required to write, be incurred upon direction of the moderate amount of cultural stud- in one hour on a familiar sub- President and Secretary [of the ies: a vision calling for high aca- ject, a short English*composi- board], and are to be audited and demic standards at the school. tion correct in spelling, punc- allowed by the board before be- His plan was adopted, and the tuation, grammar, idiom and ing paid, and are to be paid by the charter was approved on March natural in style. The candidate treasurer upon order of the Presi- 19, 1896. also had to be familiar with dent and Secretary." In all probability the original Shakespeare's Midsummer Then, in December, the Ex- founders would have been satis- Night's Dream, Defoe's History ecutive Committee of the now-

St. Lmvrence Couniy Historical Association Quarterly seven member board (Miss Eliza- Resolved that the services of year at an annual salary of beth was named to the board), Director Charles W. Eaton be $1,200. and the same are hereby The board was unable to ob- moved to terminated with the close of the present term of the school, and tain the services of Dr. C. Waldo . . . select and employ teachers he shall be paid at his of New Rochelle, and offered the including .a director, and shall convenience for his services for directorshiptoBarton Cruikshank fix the salaries and compensation such period, and three hundred on July 3 1, 1897. and define the duties of all fiftv dollars in addition thereto. teachers, assistants and employees, and may discontinue On January 25, they further and terminate their services. resolved that Prof. Frank K. ~ndat the January 12, 1897 Rogers become Acting Director Barton meeting, the board approved the of the School on the following Cruikshank following resolution: day until the close of the school (1897-1901)

Cruikshank accepted the position of director at a salary of $2,500 per year and house rent. One week after being appointed, he presented to the board his descriptions of courses of study in mechanical engineering, domestic science, manual training, and the mechanical arts: mechanical drawing and machine design, machine work and smithing, and woodworking and pattern making. A new ordinance had been enacted by the state board of regents in 1897:

No degree shall be conferred after January 1, 1900, for completion of a course of study or on examination, unless the candidate has as a preliminary general education at least a four- year high school course or its full equivalent as determined by the University rules.

Afker he learned about that or- Barton Cruikshank, dinance, Cruikshank wrote to Director of Clarkson, 1897-1901. Melvil Dewey, secretary of the

7 St Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly board of regents in Albany, he was exposed to while serving strongly endorsing it: aboard the USS Vulcan during the William Sleeper Spanish-American War. His deaf- So strongly do we feel that Aldrich ness was unique, according to his an engineer should have the youngest daughter, Mary (Mrs. culture that comes from language and literature study (1901-1911) E.M. Jones, Liverpool, New that we require the same York). He could not hear at all entrance preparation in Cruikshank was succeeded as well in a quiet place, but when English, language, etc., as the director of the school by William surrounded by noise, such as in a Association of Colleges and Sleeper Aldrich. The trustees of- noisy engine room of a ship, he Preparatory Schools prescribes and then, give two years of fered him the position on August could hear quite well. English and one of the 22 at a salary of $2,500. He Among his other contributions languages [French or German] accepted and bought the house on to Clarkson was the adoption of a offered for entrance and two Main Street next to Old Main, motto for the school. He and years of the other. that subsequently became the Miss Elizabeth and Miss Frederica During each of his four years President's House. Aldrich had chose the motto: "A workman that at Clarkson, he proposed to the been a teacher at West Virginia needeth not to be ashamed," trustees, and they agreed, that be- University and came to Clarkson which President Brooks, in 1913, cause Potsdam State Normal from that position. placed in a circle around the fam- School was allowing Clarkson Born in 1863, he graduated ily crest to form the new Clarkson students to use its gymnasium, 10 from Burlington High School, seal. The two sisters chose that as scholarships should be awarded New Jersey, in 1878 at the age of a motto because they used to Normal graduates for the ensu- 15. Commissioned from the Na- Thomas's favoriteBiblica1phrase ing year in domestic science. val Academy with distinction in to refer to Thomas S. himself, for He also encouraged the for- 1883, he graduated again a year they felt that he, indeed, was "a mation of the Clarkson Athletic later from Stevens Institute with a workman who needeth not to be Association. This student-run degree in mechanical engineer- ashamed." group's project was "to promote ing. He taught at Johns Hopkins Aldrich rescheduled daily the physical welfare and activi- University, and served as head of chapel to allow class periods to ties of the students by outdoor the Mechanical Arts Depart ment be lengthened to 55 minutes with games and to encourage andmain- at West Virginia State and at the five minute intervals. He con- tain proper spirit in favor of hearty University of Illinois before com- vinced the trustees to raise tuition manly sports." This group su- ing to Potsdam. to $100 per year. In 1904, he pervised all athletic sports and His daughter described him as urged the faculty and students to contests, ruled on the eligibility modest and self-effacing, but so accept an invitation to submit a of players, and arranged game aware of the dignity of his posi- display as part of the New York schedules. tion asdirector that he would wear State educational exhibit at the He stepped down as head of a cutaway coat whenever he Louisiana Purchase Exposition the school in June 1901. Later it passed the collection plate at Trin- held in St. Louis, Missouri, in the was rumored that he faked his ity Church. Even though he gave summer of 1904. Its exhibit con- own suicide so that his wife could talks frequently, he chose not to sisted of 600 sheets, ranging in collect the insurance and live in begin teaching right away at size from 8 by 10 inches to 22 by peace, but no proof of that rumor Clarkson, for he was self-con- 28 inches, illustrating the written has been found. scious about his deafness. That and graphic work of students as disability resulted from the noise regularly executed in several

St. Lmv~~nceCovnry Historical Association Quarterly courses of instruction. It included 1904realized that the presence of many American collegiate insti- the subjects of chemistry and alumni would make such a cel- tutions. chemical engineering, physical ebration more fitting. Prof. Frank On December 27, the second and electrical laboratory work, M. Williams, chairman of that meeting of the alumni was held at courses in home science, elements committee, wrote to every alum- the Woodruff House in of mechanisms, mechanical draw- nus and alumna, urging all to re- Watertown when eleven gradu- ing, machine drawing and design, turn: only seven men returned ates met to discuss the new con- descriptive geometry, electrical representing only 21 percent of stitution and other matters relat- charts and diagrams, and shop the graduates, and only three ing to the Alumni Association. work exercises. Clarkson was graduating classes, but it was They agreed to send a copy of the awarded a bronze medal. enough to create an Alumni As- constitution to every graduate of In 1904, also, Aldrich and the sociation. At the initial Alumni Clarkson for their views on the faculty created a new major in Banquet, held the night of No- association. A draft of the consti- civil engineering. Distinct from vember 30 in the Albion House in tution including all the advisable courses in chemical, electrical, Potsdam, General William Sooy changes suggested by the various and mechanical engineering, this Smith's address was so long that graduates would be read at the new course included railway, only at three o'clock in the morn- next meeting. That plan was never structural, municipal, mining, ing could Prof. Williams call to carried out, however, because and geodetic engineering. order a meeting of the alumni to only a small percentage of gradu- Railway engineering located a discuss the purpose, necessity, ates responded, and their sugges- railway line, cross-sectioned it, and benefit of forming an tions were minor. and staked it out in detail with Alumni Association. In the elec- In 1906, Aldrich convinced complete maps and profiles, tion held immediately thereafter, the Clarkson sisters to create a computations of earthwork and George Stebbins '01, was scholarship memorializing their costs. Structural engineering in- elected president; William Fox deceased brother, Levinus. cluded courses in bridges and '02, vice president; Charles Pohl Elizabeth and Frederica roofs, structural design, building '02, secretary; and Norman Rea Clarkson, Thomas's surviving construction, masonry, and foun- '0 1, treasurer. sisters, agreed to pay annually dations. Municipal engineering At nine o'clock the same $100, a full year's tuition at that comprised water analysis, hydrau- morning, the alumni met again at time, "to be applied to the estab- lics, water works, sewerconstruc- the Tech Club to draft the consti- lishment of a Scholarship to be tion, sanitary science, road and tution and by-laws. The Tech known as the 'Levinus Clarkson street pavements, and city sur- Club was a sandstone building Scholarship,' and to be awarded veying. Mining engineering em- erected on Fall Island by the to a candidate nominated by the braced geology, mineralogy, min- Clarkson sisters as ameeting place Director." It was to be awarded ing methods and surveys, and as- for faculty and students. Adja- to a student whose record was in saying. Geodetic engineering in- cent to Evans and White Hard- every way above question, as cluded hydrographic surveying ware Store and across Maple based upon the work and de- and geodesy, fitting graduates to Street fromTrinity Church, it still portment of previous years, take positions in the Unitedstates stands. At that meeting, the group and who had given the most Coast, Geodetic, and Lake Sur- also decided to incorporate a Co- promise of future professional veys. operative Employment Bureau success. Additionally in 1904, the Com- into the association. That bureau Also in 1906, Aldrich encour- mittee on Arrangements for the evolved into the current Career aged the trustees to build a gym- celebration on Founder's Day Development Center, the envy of nasium and to begin raising money

St. hrence County Historical Associatwn Quartedy special students received only credit. By the 1906-07 school year, Clarkson employed two home economics teachers: Myra Brewster Clarke, AB, AM, professor; and Mildred Mae Parker, BS, assistant in homeeconomics. In that same fall semester of 1906, only one freshman woman started the four-year baccalaureate course, while four freshmen women started, and six sophomore women continued in the two- year certificate course. Therefore, in 1907, the domestic science and art's course was dropped from the curriculum after the five women in the first year of the certificate course and six women in the second year were graduated; the home economics course also was dropped. Presumably, these actions were taken because no women applied for admission. The board of trustees made that decision but gave no explanation:

It was moved and duly seconded that the Department of Home Economics be William Sleeper Aldrich, discontinued on and after June Director of Clarkson, 1901 -1911. 14, 1907, as recommended by Miss Clark, professor of Home Economics, a committee, and to finance it. In 1910, the trustees dered the gym size to be reduced the faculty. hired the same architect who had by 10 feet so that its overall di- designed Old Main to draw up mensions were 59 by 84 feet. At their March 25,1911 meet- plans for the proposed gym. The During Aldrich's director- ing, Aldrich notified the trustees following year, Miss Annie and ship, Clarkson ceased being co- that he felt he had to retire from Miss Emily (Thomas's nieces) educational. Since the fall se- his position at the close of that realized that the structure was mester 1901, a four-year course year because a serious growing costing more than they had real- allowed women to earn a BS de- deafness was affecting both ears. ized originally and that not enough gree in domestic engineering. In recognition of his contribu- outside money had been raised. Women who completed only the tions in helping the school grow, Therefore, to save $1,000, the two-year course received a cer- the trustees obtained a retirement sisters, with trustee approval, or- tificate, not a diploma, and all pension for him from the

SI. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly Carnegie Fund for Advancement teresting message in October back on Dartmouth's first foot- of Teaching. Its president, Henry 1912: ball team. He playedevery minute Smith Pritchett, president of Mas- of every game. He was named by sachusetts Institute of Technol- Before leaving Potsdam, I Walter Camp to be left halfback promised to send nothing for ogy, had given the Decennial Day publication [in the Clarkson on the first All-American football Address in 1906and was familiar Bulletin]. As to the US team in 1884. with Clarkson and Aldrich. Reclamation Service, all the During the winter season of A month later, the trustees of- forces are strictly enjoined his college years, he taught in the fered the position of director to against writing anything for public schools and continued his publication, save through John Pascal Brooks at a salary of bureau officials, and with their teaching career for a year after $2,500 and the use of the house approval and sanction. graduating. He then went to St. adjoining Old Main. Paul, Minnesota, where he worked At the close of graduation He died in Milwaukee sud- in a drafting room for the ceremonies on June 11, 19 11, denly on February 2, 1942, and Burlington Railroad. While trav- Professor George H. Sweet, was buried in Manlius, New elling for that railroad, Brooks President of the Board of Trust- York, because he had been liv- and his fellow workers camped in ees, announced Aldrich's depar- ing in Manlius with one of his tents in Iowa during the winter ture. With the exception of the married daughters shortly be- and slept on bags of hay a foot ten students who graduated in fore his death. thick. He worked on railroad 1900 and 1901, Aldrich had construction near Sioux City, known all 106engineering gradu- Iowa, and helped build a short ates (three had died in the ensuing railroad near Streator, Illinois. 10 years). In recognition of his John Pascal His engineering career began ten years of devoted service to the when he returned to the east and school, Aldrich was presented Brooks went to work for the J. Edwin with a loving cup from the (1911-1929; Jones firm in Boston, from 1886 Clarkson sisters, Elizabeth and to 1890. He left Boston to teach Lavinia. Engraved on one side of 1932-1933) as an instructor of civil engineer- this solid silver cup was the mono- ing at Lehigh University from gram "W. S. A." and on the other In April 1911, the trustees of- 1890- 1897, returning to side were the words: fered the position of director to Dartmouth to get his master of Professor John P. Brooks, the only science degree in 1894. He then To William Sleeper candidate considered for the po- became professor of civil engi- Aldrich, ME, Director of the Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial sition, at a salary of $2,500 and neering at State University of School of Technology, the use of the residence adjoining Kentucky, 1897-1906, and at the Potsdam, N.Y., in grateful Old Main. In June they agreed to University of Illinois, Urbana, recognition of his devotion and pay the house costs and electric from 1906 to 1911. He was the unwearied efforts during the 10 bill of the director's house. author of a Handbook of Survey- years of his Directorship, 1901- 1911. Born in 1862, in Kittery, ing, the Handbook of Street Rail- Maine, Brooks graduated from way Location, and a textbook on Director Aldrich left Phillips Exeter in 1882 and from reinforced concrete. He was an Clarkson to join the Shoshone Dartmouth with a bachelor of sci- associate member of the Ameri- Project for the United States ence degree in 1885. While com- can Society of Civil Engineers Reclamation Service in Wyo- pleting the requirements at and a member of the Society for ming. He sent the following in- Dartmouth, he played left half- the Promotion of Engineering

11 SL Lmvrence County Hisroricd Association Quarterly ing New York colleges. A new law stipulated that: 1 . . . the college selected by the person entitled to the scholarship must be within the state and incorporated as a college and authorized under the laws of the state.

Because it had been enacted in spring 1913, the trustees wanted to make sure that Clarkson students could avail themselves of its benefits by the beginning of the fall semester. Clarkson's tuition at the time was $100, but other expenses (gym fee, deposit fee, books, stationery, in- struments added to the room and board and laundry costs) brought the yearly cost of attending Clarkson to $3 15. Scholarship money for "college" students, but not "school" students, made Clarkson's students ineligible. Realizing the importance of this award, the board of trustees asked permission to amend the charter to change the school's name. Fur- thermore, in the minds of some John P. Brooks Director of Clarkson, 1911-1 929 and 1932-1933. people the word school implied inferior standards of scholarship Education, of Sigma Xi, and Tau McKinley, when he heard the shot when compared with a college or Beta Pi. that killed the president. a university. For these reasons, He insisted that he remembered When Brooks joined the representatives of Clarkson trust- clearly the day Lincoln was shot. Clarkson staff in 191 1, the school ees, the state education depart- He was at home when his father had only 57 students and a faculty ment, and the board of regents hurried home with the news. requiring only nine men. When met in conference during the sum- Later, while attending the Pan he left after 20 years, the student mer of 1913. As a result, American Exposition in Buffalo, population had grown to over 400 Clarkson's charter was changed. New York, Dr. Brooks was just and the faculty to 29. entering the door of the Music In 1913, the New York legis- This instrument witnesseth that the Regents of the Hall where a reception was being lature created regents scholarships University of the State of New held for President William to aid the state's students attend- York have amended the charter

st. Lawrence county Historical Assaci~~onQuaridy 12 granted March 19,1896, to the By the early 1920s, Clarkson abilities. The local response to Thomas S. ~1s;ksonMemorial needed money to increase its en- his call for help was an amazing School of Technology in Potsdam, N.Y., by changing its dowment. In 1921, George $140,000 from the community. corporate name to that of Stebbins, a graduate of 1901 and Among the local pledges were Thomas S. Clarkson a trustee, agreed to become chair- promises of clerks and mill Memorial College of man of a national campaign to workers to give $260 each over Technology, raise $200,000. a five-year period. For example, and, further, by authorizing the College to confer appropriate The Integrator reported a this pledge meant contributing a collegiate degrees upon its meeting of the Potsdam Business dollar a week from their wages graduates who duly earn the Men's Association on March 1 for five years, when that weekly same, and also to confer such that heard a proposal from Prof. salary averaged only $12. This degrees upon those who duly Wilson to.raise: campaign was started in 1922, earn them in post graduate work there done. and by May 30, 1925, the drive . . . sufficient funds to buy the had netted $217,420 in pledges; Clarkson estate across the river, two years later, the sum of Thus, these scholarshipswould to transform it into a campus be of considerable help to incom- which would stand without $261,039 had been raised. ing students. In fact, four of the equal; to erect new college Then, in 1927, Miss Annie freshmen entering in fall 1913 buildings; and to enlarge the Clarkson, a niece and heir of the were recipients of regents schol- college sufficiently to Clarkson sisters, gave the accommodate a thousand Clarkson estate to the college. In arships. students. A Clarkson on the Furthermore, the amended hill has been the dream of reaction, the talk of "Clarkson on charter authorized Clarkson to every student that ever the hill" became achorus, and the grant collegiate degrees itself. attended Tech. college trustees authorized a sign Until this change, the bachelor to be erected on the northeast of science degrees had been He further proposed that to comer of the hill estate bearing awarded by the University of the raise money to put the college the hopeful announcement: "Fu- State of New York. Additionally, on the hill, Clarkson should sell ture Home of Clarkson Memorial the amended charter authorized the town campus to State Nor- College." And between 1923and the awarding of graduate degrees. mal. Rufus Sisson, Jr., was head 1927, students constructed the (The first two master of science of the Chamber of Commerce athletic field on land donated by degrees were awarded in 19 16,and which was approached with the Miss Annie. Two years later it the first doctor of philosophy de- idea of bonding the village for appeared that the college's "fu- gree in 1964.) And finally, this $250,000 for this move to the ture home" was assured when change in school name also meant hill. These men wanted the Miss Annie died in 1929, leaving changing the title of its director to Clarkson estate to go to the col- the college as the ultimate inheri- president. lege and were hopeful of help- tor of her estate in excess of In 19 14, President Brooks re- ing the school move across the $1,100,000. ceived board approval to adopt river to a campus on that estate. Because that seemed to be David Clarkson's coat of arms Even though this plan did not the signal for "Clarkson on the as the college arms and to in- succeed, it was instrumental in hill," the trustees allotted clude the motto which Director motivating the Clarkson family $300,000 of Miss Annie's Aldrich had chosen with the to donate all its holdings to the money for construction of the Clarkson sisters' permission: "A college. first educational building and Workman who needeth not to People in Potsdam supported hired architects to draw up plans be ashamed." the proposal to the best of their for a collection of handsome

St. Lmvrcnce County Historid Association Quarterly buildings on the hill site. Hardly riculum; the adoption of courses had the brochure depicting this on the "Code of Ethics" recently Joseph E. "greater Clarkson" campus been promulgated by the American distributed in 1931, when all Society of Mechanical Engi- Rowe hopes for the realization of this neers; the formation of an honor dream were dashed by the long- society and an interfraternity term effects of the stock market council; the introduction of a Joseph E. Rowe became presi- crash of 1929. The value of ceremony entitled "Moving-Up dent of Clarkson in 1928. Born in Miss Annie's stock had dropped Day" to recognize achievement 1883, in Ernrnitsburg, Maryland, to less than $600,000. among the student body; and the Rowe was graduated from the Brooks believed that every- start of the student newspaper, Pennsylvania College at one, including the president, Integrator in 1919. He helped Gettysburg in 1904 with first should teach, so by 19 17 all stu- lay out the Potsdam golf course honors. He was a four-year var- dents in all curriculawere required and drew up plans for its club- sity letter man in baseball and to participate in a one-hour semi- house. He enjoyed playing the three years in basketball. In nar conducted by him. Each stu- flute throughout his lifetime, and 1904, he began graduate work at dent had to prepare and read practiced cabinet-making after the University of Virginia where papers on assigned subjects and he retired. he also played varsity baseball participate in the discussion of In the fall of 1928, with the and represented the university in the papers of others. Each was enrollment standing at 380, Dr. debate at.which he won a gold criticized on its subject matter, Brooks was appointed president medal. He earned his doctorate language, and style by the in- emeritus as Joseph E. Rowe be- from the Johns Hopkins Univer- structor and the members of the came president of Clarkson. Af- sity in 1910 and was inducted into class. The manner of oral pre- ter President Rowe resigned in Phi Beta Kappa for the excel- sentation was to be the type June 1932, Brooks agreed to lence of his scholarship. suited to scientific societies and serve until a suitable replace- After teaching at Goucher before small audiences rather ment could be found, and did so College and Haverford College than the flowery, ornate for one year. for a year each, he took a position declamatory style found on the In 1959, "Doc" Powers in his at Pennsylvania State College Chatauqua Circuit. Memories of Clarkson assessed where in the next six years he rose During Brooks's tenure as Brooks's contributions to the from assistant professor to pro- president, Clarkson also saw the college: beginning of the hockey team and fessor. He left to become an assistant physicist in mathematical the construction of an athleticfield Dr. Brooks did more for by the students themselves over a Clarkson than any other one engineering research at the Na- man. He made Clarkson more tional Advisory Committee for four-year period. Further events widely known by visiting high Aeronautics. From there he be- during his 17-year term as presi- schools, he organized and dent included the introduction of stabilized the faculty, led the came chief ballistician at the the Student Army Training Pro- student body to be an Aberdeen Proving Grounds in gram during World War I which organization loyal to the Maryland. While there, he gained College, brought back the trained young men as carpenters, first-hand experience which, alumni interest, persuaded the when coupled with his math- electricians, and auto mechanics community that the college was for service in the army to help the an integral part, and taught ematical ability, made him such war effort. He saw the creation of classes in applied mechanics an acknowledged authority on the business administration cur- and reinforced concrete. ballistics that the American

St. Lmvrcnce County Historical Association Quarterly lar scale of degrees on them. The known parts were set and the unknown ones read from the proper scales. This device was a boon to someone without knowledge of trigonometry by eliminating the use of the cumbersome cosine and tangent laws and the use of natural or logarithmic functions for solutions. It helped pilots to locate their exact position while in flight, and artillerymen to de- termine ranges. Rowe was an idealist. On the front page of the first issue of the student newspaper, the Zntegra- tor, first published as a weekly instead of a monthly publication in the fall of 1930, Rowe de- I scribed his ideal of a student newspaper:

. .. the Integrator should reveal in its pages all of those elements that go to make up college life in Clarkson College: our spirit of scholarship; our ideas of sportsmanship, the values we place upon such qualities as courage, manners, reverence and taste; our standardsof virile manhood and our attitude Joseph E. Rowe. toward noble womanhood; our President of Clarkson, 1928-1932. pride in past achievement and our hope for the future. Upon the editorial staff of the Integrator rests the Mathematical Society sent him vancement of Science, and the responsibility of accurate many books on the subject for American Society of Mechanical portrayal of the College to review. From 192 1 until 1928, he Engineers. others and an honest revelation was head of the Department of Additionally, he was an in- of us to ourselves. Through its instrumentality we may be Mathematics at the College of ventor of no mean ability. One of placed in a position to purge William and Mary. He was a his inventions, a plane trinometer, our College of anything member of Theta Chi national solved plane triangles by me- objectionable, if such should social fraternity, the American chanical operation. It was com- be discovered, and to idealize Mathematical Society, the Math- prised of calibrated bars with all that is good, of which there is an abundance. ematical Association for the Ad- movable joints which had acircu-

15 St hrence County Hisroricd Association Quonrrly One of Rowe's first actions be built. These facilities were was to obtain trustee permission to handle 600 students at first to hire faculty himself. Trustees with the enrollment eventually James Shelby had done all the hiring previ- increasing to 1500. Thomas ously. Rowe employed William By November 1930, however, Harry Bair as chairman of the the trustees could not see their (1933-1940) Physics Department thus add- way clear "at this time," to think ing to the faculty a professor of any construction, for declin- In November 1932, the board from California with a doctor- ing value of the securities in offered the presidency to Dr. ate. Then, after he encouraged Miss Annie's estate made it in- James Shelby Thomas, who, as the trustees to raise tuition to advisable to go to the market for noted in their minutes, $250, he urged them to petition the sale of those securities, and the regents in Albany to allow so the idea of a hill campus was . . .in their judgment is the best Clarkson to confer honorary de- shelved. Ironically, a brochure man qualified to fill the grees. The regents approved the depicting these plans was de- presidency, our idea-being, as ever, Clarkson on the Hill as request, but only for honorary layed at the publisher, and so it the ultimate goal. doctor of science degrees. In did not appear until 1931, after 1929, he made a major adminis- the concept had been post- His salary was to be $7,500 trative change when he ap- poned. per year and a residence, pointed Clarkson's first deans: The only part of the hill cam- Frederick Wilson as dean of en- pus that went forward was the . . . said salary to be subject to gineering and John A. Ross, Jr., construction of a hockey rink on the following increases, namely: for each $250,000 as dean of administration. the east side of the Clarkson added to the resources of the In that same year, after Miss estate. The trustees authorized College through the efforts of Annie's estate of over $3,200 to lay water lines to the the said Thomas, he is to have $1,100,000 was left to her sis- area, install ten floodlights and an annual increase of $1,000 ter, Mrs. Emilie Moore, who in a low fence enclosing it, and to until, if and when a maximum salary of $18,000 may have turn conveyed it to the college, erect a 16 by 48 foot shelter. been reached. the board chairman, Bertrand In March 1932, the board no- Snell, authorized architects to tified Rowe that his services The following year, the Col- develop comprehensive plans would be terminated in June. In lege received a gift of the prop- ' and drawings for a "Clarkson on his-immediate letter of resigna- erty at 7 1Pierrepont Avenue from the Hill." A letter from the chair- tion, he wrote that he expected Archibald Matthews to be the man of the advisory committee to vacation in the mountains of home of Clarkson's president and to the board in June 1930 re- Maryland and then to spend a to be called Hepburn House. Thus vealed that the board did not year studying international re- the former presidential home, want a single structure, but lations at the Walter Hines Page Grant House, on Main Street ad- rather agroup of buildings with School of International Rela- jacent to OldMain could be rented space preserved for the even- tions at Johns Hopkins Univer- at $45 per month to someone else. tual construction of achapel and sity. He died of a heart attack in Before Thomas arrived on auditorium, library and reading Baltimore, Maryland, on Octo- campus, he was injured seriously room, dormitories, a hockey ber 2, 1939. in an automobile accident in Ala- rink, and reservations for frater- bama. Although he told Acting- nity, faculty and club houses to President Brooks that he expected

st. Lmvrmee Counly Hisro~Ass~~iation Quarterly the cast to be off.his leg by mid- March, he did not arrive until May in time to deliver Clarkson's Commencement address. One of his first successes was to receive regents approval for Clarkson to award honorary doctor of engineering degrees. In June 1934, he reported to the trustees that fraternities seemed to be having severe financial problems, which made the taskof collecting tuition even more difficult than in the previous year. To aid the Potsdam Rotary Club in raising money for its Crippled Children's Fund in 1935, President Thomas agreed to appear in its annual Revue and Min- strel Show cast as a slave, called End Man. Dr. Voelker and John Maxcy of Potsdam Normal appeared as Bold Bad Pirates, out- fitted with cutlasses, dirks, belay- ing pins, and eye patches. Dr. Thomas's jokes and wisecracks were said to have been of the "ultra-modem order," while the VoelkerIMaxcy rendition of Six- teen Men on a Dead Man's Chest was the hit of the show. In September 1936, the James Shelby Thomas, United States Army established the sixth president of Clarkson, 1933-1940. a Reserve Officer Training Corps program at Clarkson un- in 1907, making her the first to dominate the trustees' think- der the direction of Captain woman to receive a bachelor's ing. In 1936 they authorized a Timothy Mulligan. Fifty-nine degree since 1907. Since leaving plan for the first step of that move students enrolled during the first Clarkson in 1907, Miss Signor to the hill at a cost not to exceed year. had taken enough additional $350,000 and to begin construc- At its May 1936 meeting, the course work at Pennsylvania tion as soon as $100,000 could be trustees approved Dr. Thomas's State College and Columbia raised from outside sources. request to grant a bachelor of sci- University to satisfy Clarkson's However, because fund-raising ence degree in home economics requirements. was difficult, especially during to Katharine Signor, who received During the 1930s, the idea of World War II, the plan was post- a certificate in home economics "Clarkson on the Hill" continued poned year by year.

17 St. knurence County Historical Association Quarterly In 1937, a visit by the Engi- vania, to address the Ohio Val- neering Council for Professional ley Conference on Adult Edu- John A. Development, the agency which cation. After a much needed accredits engineering schools six-day rest, he returned to Koss, Jr. across the country, reported that Windsor to address the Cana- (1940-1947) Clarkson's chemical engineering dian Branch of the American department had fallen below Society of Automotive Engi- A native of Belfast, Maine, standard and needed reorgani- neers; thence to Washington, John A. Ross came to Clarkson in zation. A parallel visit by the D.C., for a speech to the Ameri- 1911 as head of the mechanical American Institute of Chemical can Trade Association, and a trip engineering department, a posi- Engineers affirmed that decision, to Rochester, New York, to talk tion he held until he became dean and the department's flaws were to the Rochester Advertising Club of administration in 1929. When corrected. and to visit two Rochester high he stepped into the college presi- Through his many speaking schools before returning to dency from that position the two engagements country-wide, Potsdam. This was a typical itin- deanships of administration and Thomas gained wide recognition erary for him, for he was back out engineering were discontinued. as an outstanding educator, pos- on the road again early in May Graduating from the Massa- sessing a keen mind and keen with speeches in Memphis, Co- chusetts Institute of Technology educational foresight. His speak- lumbus, Chicago, Evansville, in 1901, he later returned to his ing schedule in April 1938 is an Cleveland, and finally Syracuse alma mater to teach a course in example of his extensive travels. before returning to Potsdam. warship design, a postgraduate On the eleventh he spoke to a Concerned with attractingnew course for Annapolis men. He joint session of the Southern Hard- students to Clarkson, Thomas de- also taught at Case School of ware Jobber Association and the cided to take either a quartet or an Applied Science, at Cornell Uni- Anierican Hardware Manufactur- octet from the Glee Club along versity, and at Lafayette Univer- ing Association in Memphis, Ten- with him when he spoke at North sity before coming to Potsdam. nessee. Threedays later, he spoke Country high schools, in 1939, As a teacher and department in Chicago to the National Pur- for he felt that nothing could help head for 25 years, he was known chasing Agents' Association. The more in advertising the college. affectionately by the students as next day, he was guest speaker for He invited the entire Glee Club to "Gummy." The name referred to the Annual Convention of the accompany him to Watertown the "gum" (or rubber) shoes Tractor Division of the American when he spoke to several thou- needed most of the year in North- Society of Automotive Engineers. sand high school students. Then em New York, and being a good April 16 found him in Indiana he instructed Ted Ramsdell, the Yankee, Ross carefully observed talking to the New Castle Fore- registrar, to visit 80 high schools that need with "gum" shoes. man Association. Four days later personally, and to describe the President Ross addressed the at the Astor Hotel, he addressed college to potential students. The entire student body at a convoca- the Greater New York City Safety result: 107 applications were tion four days after the attack on Council, presided over by Lowell submitted. In 1937, the year Pearl Harbor. He urged the men Thomas, the famous news com- before the high school visits, to continue their studies until such mentator. From there, he went to only 58 applications had been time as their presence on the front Windsor, Ontario, to address the received. would be more valuable to the Canadian Accident Prevention Thomas resigned from the country than their potential value Association on the 2 1st, and the presidency effective June 15, as future engineers. He said that next day to Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 1940.

St. Lmvrence County Hisiorical Association Quarterly it would be rash-forthem to enlist when the country needed them far more in their trained capaci- ties. He also explained that he had offered the services of the college to theFederal government, but had not yet received a response. Major F.X. Purcell, Clarkson's ROTC commander, had no information to offer about the war's impact on the ROTC program at Clarkson. He added, however, that the local store of rifles and supplies was being guarded to prevent any possible coup by a local "fifth column." In 1942, a national conference of university and college presidents on higher education and the war adopted some resolutions on the uniformity of nationwide calendar changes and credits, accel- eration of high school and college courses, shortening the college course, inclusion of certain courses to fit men for training as naval officers, and the suspen- sion of voluntary enlistment of college undergraduates. President Ross explained these new resolutions at a convocation. Some students could John A. Ross, Jr., enlist as cadets in the naval re- President of Clarkson, 1940-1947. serve V-7 program which was created to fill the nation's need ensigns. One of the strong points procession into the Civic Center for 14,000 deck and engineering of this program was that students Auditorium was studded with officers. Undergraduates would would be allowed to complete college presidents, trustees, deans, enlist immediately, take certain their schooling. faculty, honored guests, the stu- required courses, and, upon gradu- The fiftieth anniversary of dent body, alumni, and friends ation, enter 30-day training as ap- Clarkson College was celebrated from all over. During the cer- prentice seamen. Then, upon on October 9,1945, just as World emonies, Dr. Ross honored five completion of a rigorous three- War II was ending. The festivi- internationally known celebrities month course as midshipmen, ties began with a large parade. with Clarkson degrees: Joseph they would take a test to qualify Led by a military band from Davies, former ambassador to the for commissions as naval reserve Kingston, Ontario, the academic Soviet Union, was awarded the

19 St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly degree of doctor of science; Sir tageous to be turned down. buildings and a student union were William Stanier, director of sci- Through the efforts of Congress- constructed on the village cam- entific research in the British man Bertrand Snell, Clarkson pus, and it appeared for a time Ministry of Production, was made a firm offer to purchase that no educational construction awarded a doctor of science de- for $150,000 from the State of would take place on the hill. gree; George J. Stanley '02, vice New York the Potsdam State In June 1947, Dr. Ross re- president of Aluminum Company Teachers's College property, ex- signed, and in recognition of his of America, was honored with the cept the Practice Training School service to the college, the board doctor of engineering degree; (Congdon Hall) and its play- of trustees granted him a year's Charles E. Wilson, president of ground, with the sale to be com- leave of absence. General Motors Corporation,was pleted "on or before two years In his 37 years on campus as awarded the doctor of engineer- from the close of the present war." faculty member and president, he ing degree (in Mr. Wilson's ab- On June 27,1945, Congressman had seen the institution grow from sence, it was accepted by Owen Snell made a gift of $150,000 to a school with 57 students and D. Young, honorary chairman of the college for that purchase. nine faculty to acollege with over the Board of Directors of the Gen- At the same time, the trustees 1,500 students. He died in 197 1 eral Electric Company); and reported that the citizens of at age 92 in the Potsdam Hospital. Herbert C. Hoover, former presi- Potsdam had pledged $125,000 dent of the United States, was in a two-month campaign toward awarded the degree of doctor of the construction of a new engineering. (Alumni) gymnasium on the hill. The idea of "Clarkson on the That report contained the follow- Jess Harrison hill" had continued to dominate ing statement: Davis the trustees' thinking. Because fund raising was difficult, espe- Potsdarn per capita citizen (1947-1951) has raised more dollars for cially during World War 11, this Clarkson than ever has been plan . was postponed year after raised in any other community Jess Harrison Davis was ap- year. Even as late as 1944, the in the state or nation. pointed acting president in 1947 board continued to adopt resolu- and was inaugurated as Clarkson' s tions that "future building of any A year later, as the onslaught eighth president the next year. magnitude be done on the hill as of returning veterans was reach- A native of Columbus, Ohio, part of a developed step-by-step ing its peak, the college rented the Davis earned his bachelor of me- program." second floor of the Montgomery chanical engineering degree in Six months later, however, a Ward store on Fall Island (now 1928 at Ohio State University situation arose which postponed the Evans and White Hardware before joining the Clarkson fac- for more than 15 years any addi- Store) as a dormitory for 60 men. ulty as an instructor in the me- tional steps toward educational At that time, Clarkson's enroll- chanical engineering department construction on the hill. In May ment stood at 785: l00men living in 1929. While at Clarkson, he 1945, the planned removal of the in fraternities, 185 in college dor- worked on his master's degree State Teachers' College to its new mitories, and the remaining 500 at Ohio State, receiving it in site on the edge of the village of in private homes. 1933; his thesis concerned spe- Potsdam gave Clarkson the op- Between 1945and 1961, Snell cific heats of oils and other liq- portunity to purchase its building Hall, just across the street from uids. During the summers that now known as Snell Hall for a Old Main, was purchased and followed, he devoted his energies financial consideration too advan- renovated, three educational to practical design and research

St. Lawrence CowHistorical Association Quarterly Clarkson as dean of administration two years later. An early accomplishment in his presidency was trustee accep- tance of the Institutional Retire- ment Plan for faculty and staff which Gordon C. Baker '27 had established with his company, Connecticut Mutual Insurance Company. The trustees also decided that the old gymnasium on Pierrepont Avenue was to be transformed into chemical laboratories after the completion of the Alumni Gymnasium on the hill. Davis did not agree with that recommendation. A year later, at his urging, the trustees agreed to demolish three residences they earlier had purchased, the Ross House, Brown House, and Calipari House at 65, 67. and 69 Main Street. to make room for the new physics building, later named Darnon Hall. They also purchased 49 Main Street and 6 Pierrepont Avenue for the construction of a student union, Lewis House.

Davis auuointed Lowell- -- Jess Harrison Davis, Herren to b;iean of the faculty President of Clarkson, 1947-1951. and William Farrisee to be dean work for many industrial com- formation on positions available of the college in 1950. In that panies. and assisted Clarkson men to se- same year, he accepted from Rob- In May 1930,Professors Davis cure those positions. That was ert L. Clarkson, Sr. aGilbert Stuart and Brundige led Clarkson se- the college's first attempt to aid original portrait of George Wash- niors on their first field trip, an seniors in finding suitable posi- ington (the Aspinwall portrait) inspection of industrial operations tions; that role currently is played presented to the college by to learn how engineers in the real by the highly successful Career Clarkson in memory of his re- world operated. Several years Development Center. cently deceased son, Peter. later, in 1940, Professors Davis Davis left campus in 1944 to In April 1951, the State De- and Frank Wingate formed a accept the position of head of the partment of Education amended Placement Bureau which corre- mechanical engineering depart- Clarkson's charter to authorize sponded with numerous company ment at the University of Louis- the granting of the honorary de- personnel directors obtaining in- ville, Kentucky, but returned to gree of doctor of humane letters.

21 St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly The first recipient was Albert where he had been director of Monroe Greenfield, a noted William engineering research and profes- Philadelphia banker and philan- sor of metallurgy. Born in 1909 thropist, at the June commence- Gardner in Atlantic Highlands, New Jer- ment which also awarded 379 un- Van Note sey, he graduated from Rensselaer dergraduate degrees and four Polytechnic Institute in 1929, and master's degrees: two in chemi- (1951-1961) received his master's degree from cal and two in mechanical engi- the University of Vermont in neering. In November 1951, William 1933. He assumed a teaching Davis resigned in June 195 1 to Gardner Van Note became position at North Carolina State become the fourth president of Clarkson's ninth president. He in 1934, and in 1936 was soon Stevens Institute of Technology came to Clarkson from North promoted to assistant professor. in Hoboken, New Jersey. In his Carolina State College at Raleigh After receiving his doctorate from four years as president of Clarkson, Davis, who well might be called the "Father of Modem Clarkson," had transformed the college. When he returned in 1946,Davis found aclarkson that consisted of two buildings: Old Main and the Pierrepont Avenue gymnasium. The Depression and World War I1 took a severe toll on the college because low enroll- ments and reduced revenue meant neglected maintenance: coat racks were merely orange shellacked boards nailed to the walls, halls were dusty and unswept, and offices were tucked into cubby holes wherever they could ' be found. Because teaching loads had to be enormous (30 hours was the ex- treme, but 25-hour loads were common) no time couldbe spared for professional development. When he left, the college had witnessed skyrocketing enrollment with the influx of veterans, increased faculty, enlarged curriculum with the addition of liberal studies requirements, additional graduate work, and the construct& of two new buildings William Gardner Van Note, (Peyton and Damon halls). President of Clarkson, 1951 -1961.

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quartedy Pennsylvania State College, he bassador to Moscow, and James cence of an anonymous donor of was promoted to associate pro- H. Doolittle, a retired general in $50,000, the college began plan- fessor, and then to full professor the Army Air Force, and the ning to convert the gymnasium of metallurgy. Between 1944 man who led the first air raid on on Pierrepont Avenue into a li- and 1946 he was assistant direc- Tokyo in 1942. brary once the new Alumni gym tor of North Carolina State's During his ten years as presi- had been completed. By Septem- experimental station, and then dent, his accomplishments were ber 1955, Clarkson had con- was appointed as director of its impressive, beginning with his structed its second academic Department of Engineering Re- second year on campus. In 1952, building, an engineering science search. By ,1948-49 he had be- with board support, he encour- building named Peyton Hall, and come chairman for research for aged the faculty to reinstitute the had completed the Alumni gym- the American Society for Engi- bachelor of science degree in nasium and the first dormitory at neering Education and also physics. In the same year, from the foot of the Clarkson hill. In chairman of engineering re- the Federal Housing and Home the next two years, the library had search for,the Association of Financing Agency the college been moved into its new quarters, Land Grant Colleges and Uni- obtained a loan for $1,190,000 to asecond dormitory had been com- versities, EngineeringDivision. construct a dormitory and a series pleted, and plans had been drawn He was also a member of nu- of faculty apartments on the hill for athird dormitory to house 300 merous professional societies. campus, and a student union on students. While at Clarkson, he served Main Street. He continued to In the remaining years of his as vice president of the Associa- make his mark during the next presidency, Van Note not only tion of Colleges and Universities year by having the old school saw the third and fourth dormito- of the State of New York, a building known as "Number 8" ries constructed, but he reorga- member of the Commission of (adjacent to Old Main) demol- nized the college's academic Institutions of Higher Educa- ished and by convincing Union structure as well. Lowell Herron tion of the Middle States Asso- Carbide Corporation to begin a became dean of the college, Ed- ciation of Colleges and Second- scholarship program in the fall of ward McHugh became dean of ary Schools, and Governor 1953. In that same semester, the faculty, Donald Stillman be- Nelson Rockefeller's Advisory Clarkson began the first curricu- came dean of arts, sciences and Council for the Advancement of lum of its kind in the country, a business administration, Whit Industrial Development and Re- program that combined engineer- Reed became dean of engineer- search. ing and business to train technical ing, and Herman Shulman be- Mrs. Van Note's brother, the salesmen. Called Industrial Dis- came dean of the division of re-

, Reverend Clark V. Polling, was tribution, this program had strong search. During the last year of his one of the four chaplains - a support of industrial distributors presidency in 1961, Van Note Catholic priest, two Protestant all across the state. (Currently, it obtained state approval for ministers, and a Jewish rabbi - is called Int'erdisciplinary Engi- Clarkson to offer two new bach- who gave up their life preservers neering and Management.) elor of science degrees, one in so that others might survive a The next year, through the ef- liberal studies and one in math- sinking ship, the S.S. Dorchester forts of former Congressman ematics, a master of science de- during World War 11. Bertrand Snell, Clarkson began gree, and Clarkson's first doctor Van Note's inauguration on occupying Snell Hall as Potsdam of philosophy program in chem- November 4 was attended by Statebegan enlargingits new cam- istry and chemical engineeririg. two world-famous dignitaries: pus on the edge of town. At the In 1962, Van Note resigned to Joseph E. Davies, former am- same time, through the benefi- become president of Monmouth

23 St. Lmvrence County Historical Asso~iationQuarterly College, New Jersey, and Lowell tional Aeronautical and Space Ad- colleges, universities, learned so- Herron was appointed acting ministration (NASA). cieties, and professional organi- president. Dean since 1958, On September 20, 1963, zations followed the flag bearers Herron previously served as dean Whitson was inaugurated as and marshals. Next came ten of arts, science, and business ad- Clarkson's tenth president in a representatives of Clarkson or- ministration and as creator and ceremony of his own creation. ganizations: Phalanx, Student chairman of the industrial distri- Following two Canadian bagpip- Council, IFC, Lewis House bution program. He obtained his ers playing a familiar Scottish Board, and the class presidents. bachelor's degree from Kent State song, the inaugural procession Then came the faculty, the alumni and his MBA from Iowa State came down the hill from Holcroft officers, the college marshal, and and joined the Clarkson faculty in and moved slowly across the lawn the charter and medallion bear- 1940. He served as president for in front of Men's Residence [now ers. At the end of the procession six months. Hamlin-Powers] to a long, open- were the trustees and the inaugu- sided tent. Over 100 representa- ral party. Providing music for this tives in full academic regaliafrom solemn occasion was the Crane William Louis Whitson (1963-1966)

In January 1963, the trustees appointed WilliamLouis Whitson to be Clarkson's next president. Born in Denver, Colorado, in 19 12, Whitson received his education at Union College, Ne- braska, and the University of Ne- braska, and earned his doctorate in nuclear physics at the Univer- sity of Iowa. He was perhaps best known as the founder and later president of the American Astro- nautical Society and the Opera- tions Research Society of America. Prior to coming to Clarkson, he served as vice president of the Martin-Marietta Corporation in Denver where he worked on the development of the Titan missile. He also assisted in the planning and programming of all space agencies William Louis Whitson, prior to the formation of the Na- who served as Clarkson's tenth president, 1963-1966.

St. Lawrence CowHistorical Association Quarterly Symphony led by Maurice tive participation in extracur- plan, "Operation '7 1." To ensure Baritaud. ricular activities and enlisted the the safety of Clarkson students At this inauguration, Adger aid of students as peer tutors to and other pedestrians, he even Johnson, chairman of the board reduce attrition. convinced the State of New York of trustees, handed President Then he went on to describe to install walkways outside the Whitson the charter and then hung the future of Clarkson as he saw guard rails of the two bridges the Clarkson medallion from his it. He foresaw by 197 1 an overall across the Raquette River, which shoulders, symbolizing the re- enrollment of 3,000, new curricula Clarkson students had to walk sponsibilities and authorities del- in such areas as aerospace engi- across so many times daily. egated to him by the board of neering and astrophysics, ex- For his outstanding contribu- trustees. Being used for the first panded liberal studies and hu- tions to the advancement of the time, this medallion, designed by manities, and doctoral pro- astronautical sciences, President Whitson and created by Tiffany grams in at least eight depart- Whitson joined astronauts M. and Company, bears the Clarkson ments. New buildings would Scott Carpenter and Walter M. coat of arms on one side and the include a library, laboratories, Schirra in being named fellows of following quotation written by classrooms, a swimming pool, the American Astronautical So- Matthew Clarkson in 1690 on the hockey arena, and a golf course ciety. Dr. Whitson had served as other: along the river. He called the road its president from 1962-63. to this glorious future "Operation He died in 1980after suffering Your Petitioner '7 1." Unfortunately,beforemuch a heart attack. He was president humbly prayes your sacred Majestie would in could be done to realize this of CTE Systems, Inc., Washing- Your Bounty bestow on dream, he resigned as president ton, D.C., a firm specializing in him wisdom in February 1966 to become ef- management information systems in this ofice which hee shall fective on June 30. at the time of his death. indeavour to discharge Even though his short term as with diligence. president halted "Operation '7 1," Every succeeding president Whitson had instituted a signifi- has been invested with this me- cant number of major changes. dallion at his inauguration, and at For example, he urged and sup- John W. the beginning of every com- ported the faculty to form a Fac- Graham, Jr. mencement and other formal uni- ulty Senate; he reorganized the versity occasion by the university Academic Council into the Ad- (1966-1974) marshal. ministrative Council to separate At a convocation held in the it more distinctly from the Fac- The board of trustees appointed arena in October 1963, Presi- ulty Senate. He persuaded the Dr. John W. Graham, Jr., dean of dent Whitson made six prom- board of trustees once more to the College of Engineering and ises to the students: to put authorize the college to admit Applied Science at the University Clarkson on the national educa- women students. Under his lead- of Rochester, as Clarkson's elev- tional map, to increase scholar- ership, more new dormitories enth president in the autumn of ship funds, to increase library were constructed, and the first 1966. Before coming to Clarkson, facilities, to purchase more labo- academic building on the hill cam- Graham served as dean of engi- ratory equipment, to encourage pus was begun - the Cora and neering at Rochester following faculty development, and to re- Bayard Clarkson Science Center three years as vice president and duce the dropout and attrition -as a major step in the move to professor of civil engineering at rates. He encouraged more ac- the hill as detailed in his major the Cooper Union in New York

25 St. Lawre~~~eCounty Historical Association Quarterly lege of Engineering and Science, and then as dean of students for a year before moving to Cooper Union. He had served as president of the Association of Engi- neering Colleges of New York State, a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a member of the board of the Engi- neering College Research Coun- cil, and a member of the Ameri- can Society for Engineering Edu- cation. One of his first actions after assuming the presidency was to reject former President Whitson's "Operation '71" as "not realistic," but he did not reject the idea of dormitory expan- sion on the hill, for he approved the construction of Dormitory #6 (later named Graham Hall), and strongly stressed the idea that "all future building be done on the hill." Early in his term of office, a disputeeruptedbetween the newly created Faculty Senate and the dean of science when the dean removed the math department John W. Graham, Jr., President of Clarkson, 1966-1974. chairman from office because of an impasse in budgeting and ex- City. Born in 1915, in Dayton, to major in the Corps of Engi- tensive disagreements over long- Ohio, Graham received his bach- neers during four year's service, range goals in the mathematics elor of civil engineering degree at including 39 months in the Euro- program. The department faculty Ohio State University in 1939, pean Theatre of Operations. He reacted strongly. After they were his graduate degree in civil engi- was awarded the Bronze Star and told by the dean and the executive neering from Princeton in 1940, was named an honorary member vice president that the dean's ac- and his doctor of science degree of the Order of the British Empire. tion was irrevocable, all 23 mem- from Carnegie Institute of Tech- In 1946, he was named in- bers of the math faculty signed a nology in 1950. Following his structor of civil engineering at petition to President Graham de- graduation from Ohio State, he Camegie Tech, and later served ploring the dismissal. In response worked for the Bethlehem Steel as assistant professor. Between to this furor, the Faculty Senate Corporation. During World War 1948 and 1955, he served as as- met in extraordinarysessions with II, he rose from second lieutenant sistant dean of Carnegie's Col- President Graham, then with the

st ~awrenee~owrty ~istoricd Association ~uartcrly 26 mathematics fat-ulty on at least auditoria that seated a total of and another student shook the five separate occasions, before over 600. hand of the cadet colonel near issuing a position statement that On April 17,1970, at the height the end of the review. Unusual it acknowledged the dismissal of of the Vietnam War, some actions, certainly, but nonvio- a chairman was an administrative Clarkson students decided to hold lent. 4 prerogative, but that any future a "peace review" in front of Snell At the conclusion of these cer- dismissals should be discussed Hall on the Friday before emonies as the ROTC Cadet thoroughly and carefully with the Clarkson's ROTC contingent Groupmarched to the arena, how- department faculty affected be- was to hold its President's An- ever, several "happenings" dis- fore being implemented by the nual ROTC Review that preceded rupted the progress of the cadets. administration. And later, in his Moving-Up Day ceremonies. These included impeding the for- inaugural address, Dr. Graham Their "review" was to discuss mation of the band and the color pledged to work to create better possible interactions with the guard, blocking the path of the relations between the faculty and ROTC corps' march from the re- band and color guard so that the the administration. view in the Alumni Gym to the cadets had to march off the road- In a February 1967 announce- Moving-Up Day ceremonies in way to get past the dissidents, and ment, President Graham reiter- the Arena. At that meeting, dem- intermingling with the marching ated that all future building con- onstrators replaced the college cadets, yelling in their ears. Once struction for Clarkson would be flag in front of Snell Hall with a past the intersection of the road to on the hill, and the first for aca- "peace" flag; its leaders asked the dormitories and Clarkson demic purposes was to be a $6 people to "bring a rock" to the Avenue, the cadets encountered million Arts and Sciences Center parade the next day. no more interference on their way erected on the crest of the hill Interpreting those remarks as to the arena. These various con- southwest of Moore House. The evidence that some active form of frontations between students re- initiative for this building came demonstration or confrontation sulted in the convening of a from a federal grant for $1.5 mil- was scheduled to occur, and to Hearing Committee on Disor- lion from the US Higher Educa- forestall any possible violence, ders, whose findings were that tion Facilities Fund Act. That the college administration re- although poor judgment was grant, the largest in Clarkson stricted admission to the gym by shown on both sides, no actual history at the time, had been admitting the public to the review disorder occurred. recommended to the federal gov- through only one entrance. Any- However, because both the stu- ernment by the New York State one "equipped with any imple- dent and faculty senates had re- Board of Regents. ment which might be used vio- fused to grant students equal rep- Construction began in the sum- lently" was barred admittance. resentation with faculty and ad- mer of 1968, was completed the Rather than sit in the regular ministration on the ad hoc ROTC fall of the following year, and bleachers, these "demonstrators" Study Committee consideringthe opened for occupancy for the fall sat on the floor in front of the future of the ROTC on campus, semester of 1969. The building stands as a way of showing their this group chose a sit-in as their itself consists of three stories, a disapproval of the review, but next action. On April 27, a group partial basement for equipment they were not disorderly. Only of 35 students and three faculty storage, 18 general classrooms, two unusual events occurred led by the wife of the chairman of 36 instructional laboratories, 96 during the ceremony: a young the mechanical engineering de- faculty offices, and $90,000worth woman handed a flower to Col. partment and an assistant profes- of scientific equipment, and four Nicholas Lord, ROTC chairman, sor in the social sciences depart-

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly ment entered the anteroom of That afternoon, on the ment of a sabbatical leave policy; President Graham's office and be- president's order, A. George the reestablishment of the Distin- gan a sit-in. In its prepared Davis, assistant to the president, guished Teaching Award; active statement, this group calling it- declared that such an action con- involvement in the creation of the self the Potsdam Academic Free- stituted a disorder and asked the Associated Colleges of the St. dom Committee announced the group to vacate the anteroom. Lawrence Valley, a consortium takeover of President Graham's When they did not, he left to seek of the four colleges in Potsdam office in order to give the an injunction forcing them to leave and Canton to develop coopera- Committee "and other interested or suffer the legal consequences, tive programs and to improve the members of the student body" and the protesters departed ten quality of education in each of the power by which they could effect minutes later, leaving behind a schools; the creation of the office changes in Clarkson's policies. statement which ended with of provost as chief operating of- They made six specific de- ominous words: "if appropriate ficer of the college; the creation mands: action is not taken by yourselves, of the Student Development Cen- repercutions [sic] are inevitable." ter to provide personal counsel- 1) a public apology from The only damage done (if it be ing, group counseling, psycho- President Graham for denying called damage) was a $15 long logical and occupational testing; student access to the ROTC Review on April 18 [which he distance telephone call made on and the reduction of the credit already had done] the president's telephone and hours required for graduation never paid for by the unknown from 132 to 124. 2) a statement of the college demonstrator. Ultimately, be- At his request, the trustees in policy being enforced by that cause the protesting group left the 1972 changed Graham's title refusal president's office without having from president to chancellor and 3) a revision of any such policy damaged the premises, no penal- chief executive officer and then with assurances of all ties were levied against them by began the search for a new presi- implications in any such the college. In light of the ex- dent and chief operating officer. revisions traordinary and severe damages By this move, Clarkson adopted a 4) resignation of Ernest M. inflicted by studentson other cam- practice followed by a number of Moore from his office as dean puses across America at this un- other educational institutions. It of student affairs settled time, Clarkson's "disor- allowed Graham to concern him- 5) equal student representation der" was remarkable for its self solely with long-range plan- on the ROTC Study Committee peaceful nature. ning, public affairs, and fund- [a matter being considered by Among Graham's other ac- raising. A new president was to the Faculty Senate] complishments at Clarkson were act with and for the chancellor in 6) legal fees for those students board approval of the Faculty Sen- providing the primary educational arrested at the Spring Thing on ate; the Faculty-Dormitory Asso- leadership to the administration, April 25 ciates, a program to establish bet- faculty, and students consistent ter student-faculty and student- with the mission and resources of Demands number 2 and 3 were administration relationships; the college. By this move the already being considered by the deeding Potsdam's airport, newly created position of provost Hearing Committee on Disorders Damon Field, to the village; alter- was abolished. at the time of the sit-id, and num- ation of the college calendar to The board appointed as presi- ber 6 already had been denied by end fall semester classes before dent Robert A. Plane who re- the Grievance Committee. Christmas vacation; the establish- quested a simple welcoming cer-

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly emony in the areaa. A crowd of happiness." At that point, as he

300 or more faculty, students, ' stepped back from the podium, fellow administrators, trustees, his heart failed, and he dropped Robert A. andinterestedfriends of Clarkson to the floor of the arena stage, gathered for the occasion on dead. Plane September 21, 1'974. On the Dr. Hans Levi, 62-year-old (1974-1985) dais were just local dignitaries. college physician, rushed to the All extended greetings, saving the stage to provide aid, and he, too, Robert A. Plane was appointed last to be greetings from Chancel- dropped dead of a heart attack. At as the twelfth president of lor Graham himself, whose presi- that, a student fainted, a faculty Clarkson College in 1974. A na- dential duties Plane had assumed member fainted, a trustee fainted, tive of Indiana, Plane received on his arrival on campus late in and the audience gasped and sat his bachelor of arts degree from the spring. The scene had all the in stunned silence as they real- Evansville College in 1948 and ized what had happened. Mem- earmarks of a Greek tragedy. ' his doctorate from the University Even the weather cooperated. bers of the Potsdam Rescue of Chicago in 1951. He was a Teeming rain fell all morning as Squad, already present, leaped research chemist at Oak Ridge the spectators gathered in the into action to apply cardio-pul- National Laboratory for one year damp arena for the ceremony. monary resuscitation to the two prior to receiving an appointment Graham arose to introduce the men, but to no avail. as instructor at Cornell Univer- president for an inaugural ad- Board of Trustees Chairman sity in 1952. Ten years later he dress and began his introduc- Arthur Lewis arose and can- was promoted to full professor. tion with a simple request. He celled the remainder of the cer- He was chairman of the Depart- said that because his office was emonies, and asked the stunned ment of Chemistry and Provost beside the board room in Snell audience to leave as quickly as from 1969 to 1973. Hall, he had asked Bob Plane not possible. People scurried to the Dr. Plane's field of specializa- to hang his portrait there beside arena lobby. As they awaited the tion was metal ions in solution the portraits of Clarkson's previ- arrival of husbands and friends and in enzymes. His publications ous presidents until he was dead. with cars at the front doors of the included Chemistry, a general Then his introduction of Plane arena, they watched incredulously textbook co-authored with ended with a quotation from Dag as the rescue squad members Michell J. Sienko, professor of Hammarskjold's poem, Thus it wheeled the two sheet-draped fig- chemistry at Cornell. First pub- was: ures past them and into the wait- lished in 1957,it became the most ing ambulances in the heavy rain widely usedcollegechemistry text I am being driven forward outside. in the world. He also co-authored Into an unknown land. Dr. Petr Zuman, Professor of The path grows steeper, four other books, wrote more The air colder and sharper. Chemistry, remembered: than 70 research papers, and was A wind from my unknown goal co-editor of the Physical Inor- Stirs the strings I grew up in Czechoslovakia ganic Chemistry Series of and witnessed the German Of expectation. Monographs. Still the question; invasion and occupation of my Shall I ever get there? country, and then the Russian He was appointed a special invasion and occupation of my fellow to the National Institutes "Whether he gets there or not," country, and I saw a lot of of Health at the Nobel Institute at horrible events. Today, however, Stockholm, Sweden, and at Ox- Graham concluded, "of this I am in this Arena, has been the most sure, the pleasure of the pursuit ghastly day of my life. ford University in England. He will provideBobPlanewith much was awarded an honorary doctor

29 St. Lawrence County Historical Association Quarterly through a machine designed to turn out engineers, scientists, or businessmen. Professional excellence in a personal atmosphere focuses the many individual suggestions and so must serve as our primary goal in the years ahead. The plan for Clarkson's future incorporates the recommendations made to attain our goal. While reminding us of the college's basic strengths, this plan looks to the future and challenges all members of the Clarkson community to attain a new level of professional excellence. The Clarkson Plan calls on all of us to become personally involved with the college and to share its endeavors with pride and enthusiasm.

This plan, a three-year cam- "o paign to raise $12.5 million in Y operating and capital funds, in- % D.2 cluded the money to build the much-needed educational re- "g sources center, construct an in- door recreation center, provide Robert A. Plane, scholarship and financial aid as- President of Clarkson, 1974-1985. sistance, and ensure program and unrestricted operating income. of science degree at Evansville phy. President Plane was so in- Based on a suggestion of Mrs. University in 1968. terestedthat he taught one section Mary Plane to create a "Bridging When he first arrived on the of the course for several years and Year" between high school and Clarkson scene, he became so in- then later gave lectures to the en- college for gifted students, terested in broadening Clarkson tire freshmen class. Clarkson introduced anew branch students' viewpoints that he and In 1975, Plane announced his of education in 1977 when 22 Humanities Department Chair- goals for the college in "The young men and women enroned man Bradford Broughton Clarkson Plan." In his annual in The Clarkson School. This sketched the outlines for a re- report he described the underly- "School" offered students (called vised first-semester freshman ing theme of this plan as "profes- "Schoolies" to distinguish them course: The Forum. It was not to sional excellence in a personal from regular freshmen) a self- be the usual freshman composi- atmosphere." contained community within the tion course but rather an intro- college where students who had duction to some of the great ideas Although achievement will be demanded from Clarkson completed theirjunior year in high of the by reading great students, they must never be school could fulfill their high works of literature and philoso- made to feel they are being run school requirements while earn- ing 30 semester hours of college and of course, Clarkson. The of which must be extracurricular. credit. Clarkson School was described A student's extracurricular activity must be approved in Under the leadership of Clark among the nation's "Notable Pro- advance by a college-wide Bailey, retired US Army colonel grams, Promising Approaches, committee and subsequently and former head of Clarkson's and Other Improvement Efforts" certified. ROTC program, mathematics in A Nation at Risk, a report is- professor A. George Davis, and sued by the National Cornrnis- The principal objective of HI1 Gary Kelly from the Counselling sion on Excellence in Education was to encourage students to Center, and relying on existing in December 1983. take responsibility for their own facilities and faculty, these That same year, in response to education. Thus, the faculty was "Schoolie" students attended a faculty consensus to encourage expected to foster both an atti- regular Clarkson lectures in chem- and reward student intellectual tude and an ability in students to istry, physics, and mathematics. independence, Plane proposed contribute to their own instruc- They were strong in mathematics that Clarkson adopt a program to tion. To that end, faculty were and science but had special reci- challenge the students to show expected to view HI1 as charac- tation groups and tutorial instruc- those qualities. In March, the teristic of an entire course, and tion. They also took a course Faculty Senate approved a pro- not merely as a single aspect of designed especially for them, De- gram called "High Initiative and a given course, nor only as a velopment of American Culture. Independence" with the follow- single requirement. Simply put, Because Clarkson could not ing guiding principles: it meant encouraging students grant high school diplomas, stu- to think independently. It was to dents who wished to earn a di- All courses at Clarkson take effect in fall 1981. How- encourage and call for ever, because it frequently be- ploma could pursue one of two individual initiative and avenues. One option required the independence. To this end, came merely a requirement student to work out a suitable every course requires students added into a course which ig- plan with his or her home high to master some material not nored its fundamental overrid- school to satisfy graduation represented by the professor. ing purpose, it became enor- Furthermore, a select number mously unpopular both with stu- quirements and thereby receive a of courses in each department, diploma. The other was to apply plus exceptional non-academic dents and faculty and was for a diploma from the New York credit activities, such as withdrawn three years after it State Education Department upon Entrepreneurship,are especially began. successful completion of 24 col- designed to develop indepen- That same year, 1977, Plane dence and require from students restructured the Clarkson admin- lege credits at Clarkson. Follow- the ability to define and solve ing this year, students were able problems. These particular istration. Under the new plan, all to continue as sophomores at "challenge" courses and administrative departments fell Clarkson or seek admission with activities calling for high under either the vice president or advanced standing at other col- initiative and independence will provost. The deans of the three be approved as such and schools (engineering, science, leges. In May, 20 of the original designated with the symbolic 22 graduates of this program were abbreviation, HII, in the and management) as well as the accepted as college sophomores appropriate college listings and chairman of the Faculty Senate at a variety of colleges including publications. Every student is and the chairman of the Student Cornell, Bucknell, Massachu- encouraged to participate Senate reported directly to Presi- broadly in these programs. dent Plane. The office of the dean setts Institute of Technology, Every student is required to Pennsylvania State University, successfully complete two, one of campus life was eliminated,

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly and its duties were taken over by giene and environmental toxi- I am pleased that the the dean of student life. cology, computer science, com- trustees have taken this step Robert Plane retired at the end puter-based management sys- [petitioning the NY Board of Regents to change the name] of the academic 1984-1985 year, tems, industrial management, because I am convinced that ending the second longest presi- and marketing. The college this designation better dency in Clarkson's history. also established the foundation describes Clarkson and that the Clarkson grew during his presi- curriculum which included the name change will make dency from 2,700, including 134 requirement that every student Clarkson and its degrees more valuable and appreciated, both women, to 3,900 with 907 women. had to take at least one course in nationally and internationally. New buildings erected during his each of the college's three tenure included the Andrew S. schools (engineering, manage- Shortly before his retirement, Schuler Educational Resources ment, and science) and had to Plane spoke at an alumni din- Center (ERC), and the Schuler pass a writing proficiency ex- ner. In reference to his ten years Recreational Building which amination prior to graduation. as president, he noted that contains a field house and an Clarkson also became the first Clarkson's research volume had Olympic-sized swimming pool, college in the United States to increased fourfold. He went on the Townhouse apartment com- issue apersonal computer to ev- to say: plex, and the Rowley Engineer- ery incoming freshmen. ing Laboratory. Several build- Perhaps the one event for This is especially important ings were renovated including which he is most famous was his because a college or university is an institution of learning. It Holcroft, Old Main, and Walker move to change Clarkson Col- differs from a school where the Arena. The university also ob- lege of Technology to Clarkson primary emphasis is placed on tained Clarkson Seven Springs, a University. The New York State teaching. A university is a skiing facility in Parishville. Board of Regents voted to accord learning institution where At the end of his first year, university status in 1984. As an students learn and faculty learn. All are scholars, and the great Plane initiated a $12 million institution that offered degrees in institutions are the ones in which capital campaign, The Clarkson more than one professional field, faculty learning or research Plan, which was brought to a offered doctoral programs in more reinforce and supplement but successful conclusion four years than two fields, and taught the do not compete with student later and provided funding for liberal arts and sciences (the defi- learning. the ERC and the Recreational nition held by the New York State After his retirement, Dr. Building. In 1982, Plan I1 was Department of Higher Education) Plane went on to become acting begun and raised $15 million. Clarkson was a university. From president and then president of Alumni support increased from its initial offering of three sub- Wells College in Aurora, New $200,000 to over $600,000 per jects to 17 students in 1896, York. year, and the endowment grew Clarkson had grown to offer ac- from $5.5 million to over $19 credited undergraduate programs million. Research support in- in 20 areas, master's programs in creased from $1.1 million in 1974 15 areas, and doctoral programs to $4.5 million in 1983-84. in five areas to approximately New academic programs be- 4,000 students. gun during his presidency in- In making the announcement cluded technical communica- of the name change, President tions, biology, industrial hy- Plane said:

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly ment of Science, the American founding, is the very genius of Association of Universitv Pro- American education . . . . d fessors, the American Associa- Allan H. In his address to the inaugural tion for Higher Education, the participants and guests, Dr. Clark Clark American Mathematical Asso- touched on some of the problems ciation, and the American Coun- (1985-1987) confronting higher education and cil on Education. said at one point that people used Clark was inaugurated as Allan H. Clark became to believe in miracles, expecting Clarkson's president in a gala Clarkson's thirteenth president in them even from the Pope. September 1985. He earned his weekend on September 13-14, bachelor's degree in mathemat- 1986. Activities ranged from an Few of us now await ics from Massachusetts Institute all-campus picnic with a soft-rock miracles from the Pope. Hardly of Technology in 1957 and his band to the solemnity of the cer- anyone anticipates them from master's and doctorate in math- emony itself. Other events dur- Congress. The law forbids ing the weekend included a dance those performed by E. F. ematics from Princeton in 1959 Hutton. Yet we still expect and 1961 respectively. During concert with the Count Basie miracles from our schools. We his last two years of graduate Orchestra, a symposium on expect schools to compensate work, he held a Proctor Fellow- Technology and Human Values, for poverty, crime, racial and ship. After completing his doc- a black-tie dinner for the trust- gender discrimination, to ees and other visitors, a concert inspire patriotism, to encourage torate, he accepted a position at literacy, to discourage drugs, Brown University, where he sub- of classical music by the to teach safe driving, to develop sequently became a full professor Kalichstein-Laredo-Robinson musical skills and provide in 1970. He then spent a year at Trio, and a luncheon following athletic entertainment. And to the Aarhus University in Den- the inauguration. do it, please, without raising The guest speaker at the inau- tuition or taxes, and without mark. Upon his return to Brown upsetting anyone's political or he was appointed head of the guration ceremony was Dr. John religious beliefs. Talk about mathematics department, a po- Morris, chairman of the board of miracles ! sition he held until 1973. In trustees for the New York State 1975 he accepted the position of Commission on Independent Later, Clarkson's president dean of the school of science at Colleges and Universities and wagered 100 bagels purchased Purdue University, a position president of Union College in from The Bagelry in Potsdam involving seven departments, Schenectady, New York. Dr. against St. Lawrence President 3,700 undergraduates, 925 Morris spoke about the impor- Lawrence Gulick's bet of 100 graduate students, 300 faculty tance of independent colleges, chocolate chip cookies baked at members, over 300 staff mem- noting that Dr. Clark was St. Lawrence University on the bers, and having an annual bud- outcome of a 1986 hockey game get of over $42 million, includ- . . . being inaugurated as the between their two schools in President of one of a group of ing grants and contracts of more Appleton Arena. Clark presented institutions in the State of New the bagels to Gulick at the end of than $18 million. York that have provided His research interests lay in significant service to the State Clarkson's 6-5 overtime loss to the areas of algebraic topology. and which belongs to a tradition the Saints. In 1971, he published Elements of service which goes back to Of major significance during the earliest days of the State . . . of Abstract Algebra. His mem- Clark's brief administration was the dignity of higher education, the creation of CAMP: the Center berships included the American fed by theindependenceof many Association for the Advance- of our institutions in their for Advanced Materials Process-

St. Lawrence Counry Historical Association Quarterly Egon Matijevic. He developed processes for making micro par- ticles with great potential application to magnetic memories for computers and videos, sub- strates for electrical compo- nents, high technology ceramics for automobile engines, and phosphors for TV displays, to name just a few. New York State appropriated $23.5 million for the construction of a building to house this center, and $1 million to Clarkson for the first year's operation. Addition- ally, the state's Science and Tech- nology Foundation formally designated Clarkson as the Center for Advanced Technology in Ad- vanced Materials Processing - Colloid and Surface Sciences. These two developments formed a technical partnership with the State of New York, the federal government, many major American multinational corporations, and a few highly promising, new-technology, small businesses which would ad- Allan H. Clark, vance university and state eco- President of Clarkson. 1985-1987. nomic development, and NASA goals. Corporate membership ing, a center for research being growth of single crystals, and in CAMP included Corning, conducted in seven departments. making particulates for ceramics. Grumman, Kodak, IBM, Materials processing refers to the These experiments are led by Dr. DuPont, and Union Carbide. production of solid materials and William Wilcox, chairman of the Clarkson also was chosen as processing them into useful forms. chemical engineering department. one of the four research institu- The goals of CAMP are to fabri- He participated in experiments tions designated as a NASA cate new materials, to develop on crystal growth phenomena Center for the Cornmercializa- and improve processing methods, which were conducted aboard tion of Space with funding of $1 and to clarify the relationships SKYLAB in 1974, and subse- million per year. Funding for between materials' properties and quent flights. this program continued for five how they are processed. Some One of the initial projects at years. research currently being pursued CAMP was the exploitation of With financial support in ex- includes polymer extruding, the one of the creations of Prof. cess of $2 million a year from

St Lmvnncc County Historical Association Quarterly 34 NASA, industry, and the states about it until his return. After of New York, Massachusetts, he returned, there was little he and Florida, in 1986 Clarkson could do but submit his resigna- Richard H. formed the Center for the De- tion. velopment of Commercial Crys- President Clark's two-year Gallagher tal Growth in Space. Its pri- service as president of Clarkson (1988-1995) mary goal was to use space to could well add credence to grow crystals of higher perfec- people's belief that thirteen is an Effective July 1,1988, Rich- tion and larger size than is pos- unlucky number. During his two ard H. Gallagher, provost and sible to grow on earth and to years as the thirteenth president, vice president for academic af- advance the technology of crys- more seriously unfortunate events fairs at Worcester Polytechnic tal growth on earth. This center occurred than during the tenure Institute, Worcester, Massachu- was a consortium of eight uni- of any previous Clarkson presi- setts, became Clarkson's four- versities, eleven corporations, dent: teenth president. and two national laboratories. His inauguration in mid-Oc- Clarkson and the University of a student was raped and murdered behind the Walker tober featured an international Florida concentrated on solidi- Arena economic symposium titled, fication of cadmium telluride Trade and Technology: Eco- and gallium arsenide for such a department chairman was nomic Opportunities with Freer uses as high-speed and radia- convicted of unlawfully Trade. This symposium marked tion-hard integrated circuits, restraining the director of researchand threatening her with the debut of its sponsor, the Cen- microwave devices, and infra- bodily harm ter for Canadian-US Business red sensors. Studies which sought to increase While on vacation in East Ger- a professor was arrested in understanding of bi-national busi- many in May 1987, President Ontario for soliciting young ness relations through educational Clark's assistant telephoned and Canadian women to make pornographic tapes and of using and research activities. At the said that Bayard Clarkson, chair- University equipment to do so inauguration ceremony, a musi- man of the board of trustees, had cal prelude performed by the 10th asked for his resignation as a minor male administrator Mountain Division Band was fol- Clarkson's thirteenth president. was arrested for making sexual lowed by the academic proces- He submitted his resignation to advances toward a sixteen-year- old young man sion that included faculty, col- the board on June 4. lege delegates, deans, trustees, of- In an interview with the Inte- a disturbed sophomore in his ficers, and student representatives. grator on September 4, Clark ex- suicide note accused a high Speakers included R. Thomas plained that a few days after com- administrator of sexual Williamson, executive vice presi- mencement he had learned of a involvement with him and committed suicide before the dent of the university; Potsdarn letter circulating among the sci- truth could be ascertained mayor, Paul Claffee '43; Jon ence faculty calling for his resig- Strauss, president of Worcester nation and that they never had In 1987, upon Clark's resig- Polytechnic Institute; Faculty given him the opportunity to say nation, R. Thomas Williamson, Senate Chairman Bradford a word on his own behalf. He had vice president for external af- Broughton; Dr. DonaldN. Zweip, learned this on the day he was fairs, was named as acting-presi- former ASME president; and leaving for his vacation in Eu- dent. David J. Decker '72, president of rope, and so he could do nothing the Clarkson Alumni Association.

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly auguration, held a talent show at the Ogdensburg Correctional Fa- cility, cooperated with the Asso- ciated Colleges, and sponsored a celebration of Black History Month. These activities added considerably to the efforts already in progress in theMinority Schol- ars Program, a corporation- funded scholarship program, and the work done with the Native American community. In February 1991, the Golden Knight hockey team completed its regular season in Walker Arena undefeated by besting Princeton 11-1 in the last game ever to be played in that august old building. During one of the intermis- sions, President Gallagher gave a brief history of the arena for the crowd and then asked the brothers of Deltasigma Phi to toll their hockey bell seven times in honor of all those associated with the < 4 arena's past. E g In the spring of 1985, impressed by astudent survey which revealed strong student interest in -"the construction of a new student Richard H. Gallagher, center, the administration began President of Clarkson, 1988-1995. to study the feasibility of acenter. In his inaugural address Dr. to improve sensitivity to minority Two years later the students over- Gallagher named increasing mi- issues through an organization whelmingly approved a $25 nority participation at Clarkson called SPECTRUMM which yearly increase in the student ac- as a critical issue. During the stood for. Students Proposing to tivity fee for the next 20 years ensuing year, the university es- Engineer Cultural and Thorough which they would donate to the tablished a Minority Student De- Relations Uniting the Minority school to help finance such acen- velopment Office and a Minority and Majority. In its early months, ter. Impressed when student lead- Advisory Committee, both cre- it was highly active on campus. It ers Joelle Mulich and Ted ated to assist the university in its placed second in the Phonathon, Ferreira reported that action at efforts to achieve ethnic and cul- held a Hallowe'en party for the their New York City meeting, the tural diversity. local Big Brothers and Big Sis- trustees included the student cen- In addition to these two ef- ters organization, had a member ter in the university's fund-rais- forts, a group of students worked sing at President Gallagher's in- ing campaign then being planned.

st. hnnce CowHistorical Association Quarterly 36 Construction of this 110,000 previous three years, and opera- inducted. Gallagher was honored square foot building began early tional budgets had remained for "his lasting impact on engi- in June 1990 and was completed roughly the same for the past five neering and engineering technol- in time for the arrival of students years. ogy education." Additionally, he at the beginning of the fall semes- - On February 7, 1992, two was selectedto receive the ASEE ter in August 1991. Contracted NCAA Division I hockey pow- Centennial Medallion which rec- for by alumni-owned companies ers, Clarkson and Cornell, com- ognizes "individuals who have such as Murnane Associates, peted at Cheel Arena in a game had a significant and lasting im- Shelly Electric, Atlantic Testing telecast by satellite to 29 loca- pact on engineering education or Laboratories, Armani Plumbing tions around the country, from engineering technology educa- and Mechanical, and Cives Steel Boston to San Francisco. tion." In addition, he was se- Company, the job of erecting this Through the efforts of the alumni lected as a Fellow Member of the building was not delayed at any associations of both universities, ASEE in recognition of his out- time by inclement weather or la- this game was sent live to thou- standing services to the organiza- bor disputes. sands of alumni. For many tion. He received all three honors at Trustees, staff, faculty, and Clarkson alumni, this provided a the ASEE 100th annual conference. donors were on hand for the dedi- view of the new Cheel Center. At the spring 1994 faculty cation of the Helen S. Cheel Cam- This fourth annual telecast of meeting, President Gallagher an- pus Center. Following a special Golden Knight hockey featured a nounced his plan to retire on June dinner, Gallagher spoke at the walking tour of the Cheel Center, 30, 1995. In his seven years as dedication ceremony. Calling this a welcome by President Gallagher president, Gallagher led the school new addition to the campus "a during the pre-game show, and an to the successful completion of place for contemplation and re- interview with Ellsworth Vines the Design for the Future capital laxation," he noted that this open- '65, president of the Alumni As- campaign which raised almost ing marked a milestone on a pil- sociation. Clarkson defeated the twice its announced goal of $40 grimage begun 70 years earlier: Big Red of Cornell, 3-1. million. When it concluded, the the goal of establishing a campus The American Society for En- campaign had amassed over $58 on the hill. Noting the outstand- gineering Education selected million in pledges and gifts, and ing contribution of Bertrand and President Gallagher as the 1990 upon Andrew Schuler's death an Sara Merrick Snell's daughter, recipient of the prestigious Ben- additional $20million was added. Helen Snell Cheel, the president jamin Garver Lamme Award, the This paid for the Cheel Campus unveiled a bronze plaque noting highest honor given by the soci- Center. With Cheel, the CAMP the Snell contributions to this ety. Presented at the ASEE's Building, and extensive landscap- structure. annual conference, it honored him ing, the hill campus underwent Also in 1991, in a letter to for 40 years of accomplishments dramatic changes. parents explaining a six-percent since receiving his bachelor's Also during his tenure as increase in tuition for the 1992- degree. He was cited for his con- president, Gallagher saw Middle 1993 academic year, President tributions as a researcher, educa- States accreditation of the Gallagher noted that to keep tu- tor, and administrator in addition university's academic programs ition costs down, the university to his contributions to the early reaffirmed; honor bestowed had not awarded salary increases development of the finite element upon five inspirational high to any staff personnel for the fol- theory and its practical application. school teachers chosen by the lowing fiscal year, the non-teach- In June 1993, that same soci- seniors every year; the forma- ing staff had been reduced gradu- ety elected him into its Hall of tion of a Gender Issues Com- ally through attrition during the Fame. Only 22 others had been mittee to alert the entire campus

St. Lmvrence County Historical Association Quarterly to the existence of sexual ha- rassment, and to work assidu- ously on its prevention; the creation of the aeronautical engineering program under the ae- gis of the mechanical engineering department; the closure of three buildings on the downtown campus (Peyton, Damon, and Congdon halls); the creation of an Athletic Hall of Fame in the new Cheel Arena to honor Clarkson's outstanding athletes over the years; and the receipt I of Clarkson's largest bequest of over $20 million from the estate of Andrew Schuler, potato chip magnate.

Dennis G. Brown (1995- )

Entering the office just as the university began a new century, Clarkson's fifteenth president, Dennis G. Brown, came to Potsdam from the position of pro- Dennis G. Brown, vost and senior vice president for themeenth president of Clarkson University. academic affairs at Drexel Uni- versity in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- ber of Phi Beta Kappa and Phi problems immediately. Of para- vania. He also was professor of Kappa Phi. mount importance were the fi- chemistry. Prior to his Drexel Because of the importance to nancial crisis and deficit projected appointment, Brown served in the university of its centennial for the 1996-1997 budget. As a various administrative positions celebration in 1996, Brown opted major first step, President Brown at the University of Nevada- to delay his inauguration until the distributed a campus-wide Reno, Montana State Univer- major centennial celebration in memorandum detailing a one- sity, and the University of Idaho. October, when it will become the time voluntary separation pro- His baccalaureate degree is from focal point of the ceremonies. gram for tenured and regular ex- Whitman College, Washington, However, even though he had empt and non-exempt staff as a and his doctorate from the Uni- not been inaugurated officially, means to help close that deficit. versity of Illinois. He is a mem- Dr. Brown began facing campus This program offered a signifi-

St. Imvrence County Historical Association Quarterly 38 cant financial incentive for em- first-generation college students Surface Science Symposium at- ployees to separatefrom Clarkson, from lower income families. tended by 600 scientists from including payment for years of During their junior and senior around the world, a homecom- continuous service. An interest- years, these McNair Scholars will ing/reunion of alumni, and a time ing provision gave employees receive assistance to work with capsule burial in November on whose dependent children were professors whose interests match Founder's Day to bring the cen- currently participating in the tu- theirs, and hopefully lead to gradu- tennial to a close. The highlight ition exchange program a maxi- ate school. of the year occurs in October mum of eight undergraduate se- Dr. Brown joined actively in with the inauguration of Dr. mesters of coverage. By the dead- Clarkson's Centennial Celebra- Brown, recognition of five Cen- line, 35 members of the faculty tion which began in January with tennial Professors, and an area- and staff had applied for and been a New Century's Eve Party in the wide parade. accepted for this program. Cheel Student Center with the Brown's first year closed with Another money-saving move theme "From the Victorian Era to trustee approval of funding for he instituted was networking the Star Trek." A centennial history relocation of the downtown cam- entire campus, including dormi- of the university was published in pus to the "hill." By September tories, rather than distribute per- November in time for the cel- 1996, all four engineering depart- sonal computers to all entering ebration. Entitled, A Clarkson ments will be housed on the hill students. He recommended this Mosaic, this work by .Professor campus, along with all the sci- action for two reasons: first, be- Emeritus Bradford Broughton ence departments. Subsequently, cause so many courses require was highlighted during the fes- both the school of business and the use of the network which is tivities, as were the first perfor- the faculty of liberal studies and available only through acomputer mance of "A Clarkson Overture" the administration remaining lab or a modem, and second, be- composed especially for the event downtown will move into new cause so many students come to by Professor Emeritus Robert buildings on the hill. Clarkson with their own comput- Washburn of the Crane School of Under Dennis Brown, the ers. Freshmen who entered the Music at Potsdam State, a 30- lifelong ambition of a century university without a computer minute representation of a "re- of Clarkson "Techers" will be were given the option of purchas- turn visit" by Thomas S. Clarkson, realized: "Clarkson on the hill." ing one from the school. This himself, by actor Scott Keely, and action was expected to save a wide variety of food samplings around $1 million. covering the past century. Clarkson was awarded a De- This centennial continued with About the Author partment of Education grant of a variety of minor events scat- Bradford B. Broughton is pro- $775,000 for 20 undergraduate tered throughout the year, includ- fessor emeritus of technical com- students to conduct intensive re- ing the student-run ice carnival munications at Clarkson Univer- search with the guidance of fac- with a centennial theme, a school sity. Dr. Broughton also serves ulty members. Named for astro- of business forum on Career Op- as Clarkson Historian and is the naut Ronald E. McNair, who portunities in the Global Market- author of the recently published was killed in the Challenger place, a celebration to honor the A Clarkson Mosaic. Addition- space shuttle explosion, the United States Army ROTC ally, he has authored five other McNair Post-baccalaureate program's 60 years on campus, books, notably works on medi- Achievement Program provides an international workshop on eval literature and history. He support to students chosen from Materials Processing at High and his wife, June Barnum, con- under-represented groups and Gravity, the 70th Colloid and tinue to reside in Potsdam.

St. Lawrence County Historical Association Quamdy OW AVAILABLE eee

By Professor Emeritus Bradford B. Broughton

This colorful and impressive history presents a year-by-year account of Clarkson's rise. From a one-building school with a handful of students and teachers, the North Country Institution has grown to become a world-renowned university at the forefront of undergraduate education and on the cutting edge of technological research.

800 Pages, Including 48 Pages of Great Photos Lively Text - Short, Easy-to-Read Sections I UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE 39 Market Street Potsdam, NY 13667 Phone 31 5-265-9260

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