Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 55 (2): 283-294 — 1985

A new genus and two new species of subterranean amphipod

(Hadziidae) from the Bahamas and Turks and

Caicos Islands

by

Yager John R. Holsinger & Jill

Department of Biological Sciences,

Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, U.S.A.

Abstract from Anchialine cave waters typically range

limnetic at the surface to polyhaline, or perhaps and of Bahadzia, new genus, two new species amphipod even euhaline, at greater depths. The biological crustaceans are described from anchialine caves in the

of this environ- Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands. One of the significance specialized cave

is recorded from three Grand Bahama species caves on ment is now being recognized, and many new

Island and one cave on Great Abaco Island, whereas the and exciting discoveries will undoubtedly be is recorded from the island of other species two caves on made in the future there near as exploration Providenciales. The is new genus apparently more closely continues. related to Metaniphargus and Saliweckelia than other hadziid

in the but it also shares an genera peri-Caribbean region, During ongoing speleological investiga-

with some important characters Mayaweckelia. tion of Lucayan Caverns, an extensive an-

chialine cave on Grand Bahama Island in the RÉSUMÉ Bahamas (see Yager, 1981), Yager and Dennis

Williams have collected of Le Bahadzia deux W. a genre nouveau d’Amphipodes (avec specimens espèces) est décrit de des grottes anchialines des îles Baha- stygobiont amphipod at depths of

de Turks Caicos. Une des été décou- mas et et espèces a 10-15 m. Scuba gear modified for cave diving dans trois de l’île Grand ainsi verte grottes Bahama, que was utilized to gain access to this environment. dans de l'île Great Abaco, tandis la seconde une grotte que Additional collections of these have été dans deux de l'île Providen- amphipods espèce a capturée grottes ciales. Le de been made from two other anchialine caves on genre nouveau est apparemment plus proche

de Saliweckelia d’autres de Metaniphargus et que genres Grand Bahama, one on nearby Great Abaco

Hadziides de la zone péri-Caraïbe, mais il présente aussi Island, and two on Providenciales in the Turks quelques importants caractères de Mayaweckelia. and Caicos Islands. The material in these col-

lections and represents a new genus two new

which INTRODUCTION species are described below.

The taxonomic work in this is that of paper

of the Recent biological exploration of anchialine Holsinger as indicated; the remainder habitats in of the West work of both of A second caves Indies, Bermuda paper is the us. paper, and the Canary Islands (see Yager, 1981; Iliffe treating the zoogeographic implications of this

the International et al., 1983; Iliffe et al., 1984), has yielded new genus, was presented at

taxa of crustaceans on the of Marine Caves in many new stygobiont pre- Symposium Biology October viously unknown to science. The term anchia- Bermuda, in 1984, and will be pub-

in lished in the of that line was introduced the literature by proceedings meeting.

describe Holthuis (1973: 3) to "pools with no surface connection with the salt sea, containing Bahadzia which fluctuates with the Holsinger n. gen. or brackish water, tides." More recently, anchialine has been used New of Hadziidae in genus (Holsinger, press). land-locked lakes to characterize pools or cave in coral basalt with subterranean limestone, or Diagnosis.— Without eyes and pigment, of connections to the sea (Holsinger, in press). subterranean facies. Interantennal (lateral) lobe 284 J. R. HOLSINGER & J. YAGER - NEW GENUS OF SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD

dorsal of head broad, bluntly rounded anteriorly. spines. Uropods 1 and 2 not sexually

normal Antenna 1 elongate, greater than 50% of length dimorphic; rami and peduncles bearing

of of body, longer than antenna 2; aesthetascs spines; peduncle uropod 1 with or without

basofacial 3 present on most flagellar segments; accessory (ventrolateral) spine. Uropod com- flagellum 3-segmented. Upper lip symmetrical, paratively long, biramous; rami nearly equal in rounded and unnotched apically. Mandible: length (magniramus) but differing in width and

lacinia of molar rather prominent, triturative; pattern armament (dispariramus), outer mobilis and with molar seta present on both; palp ramus short second (terminal) segment.

3-segmented, segment 3 with long row of D- Telson relatively long; lobes completely

E-setae. Lower and armed with both and setae and several lip: outer lobes separate lateral

medial high, well developed; inner lobes vestigial or spines. absent; lateral (mandibular) processes rather Bahadzia williamsi inner with Type-species.— Holsing- short. Maxilla 1: plate apical setae; Gender feminine. with 8 and/or er. outer plate apical serrate pec- tinate with spines; palp 2-segmented, apex — The Etymology. generic name is derived blade-like Maxilla 2: inner spines. plate combination of which from by a Ba, comes broader than outer plate, bearing row of Bahama, and Hadzia, the nominate genusof the fine, naked facial setae. Maxilliped: numerous, family Hadziidae. outer plate broader than inner plate, expanded

inner is distally, bearing short, coarse setae along Affinities.— Bahadzia apparently more margin. closely allied morphologically with Meta-

1: short and and Saliweckelia than other Gnathopod dactyl thick; propod niphargus genera

and the narrow weak, palm very short, transverse, assigned to the family Hadziidae in peri- with several Caribbean of North America. The spines near defining angle; seg- region ment 5 elongate, richly setose, without possibility remains, however, that Bahadzia also

with posterior lobe; segment 4 large, pubescent may be closely related to Mayaweckelia, a genus

lobe. dimor- posterior Gnathopod 2 sexually from caves on the Yucatan Peninsula presently

of 2: the weckeliid of Hadziidae phic. Propod gnathopod palm short, assigned to group oblique, with several spine teeth; propod 2 of (see Holsinger, 1977, and in press). But, as male proportionately longer than that of pointed out below, this relationship is prob- female, with long, oblique palm armed with lematic and needs further study.

teeth. double row of blunt-tipped spine Seg- Metaniphargus inhabits a variety of brackish to

5 in freshwater ment of gnathopod 2 both sexes elongate, subterranean habitats throughout without posterior lobe and pubescence. Coxal the Greater and Lesser Antilles, whereas plates of gnathopods large, deeper than cor- Saliweckelia inhabits primarily the interstices of

Coxal responding body segments. plates of coral rubble saturated with polyhaline to full pereiopods 3 and 4 differing; that of 3 longer marine water surrounding the islands of than broad, not expanded distally; that of 4 Curasao, Bonaire and Tortuga off the northern larger, broader than long, greatly expanded coast of Venezuela (Stock, 1977, 1983; Hol-

also distally, posterior margin with shallow excava- singer, in press). Bahadzia is separated tion. 6 than 5 and from these inasmuch Pereiopod longer pereiopods geographically genera, as

is found 7, more than 50% of length of body. Coxal gills it north of the Antilles. Other hadziids

with short of the the very large, peduncles, present on peri-Caribbean region belong to

Brood pereiopods 2-6. Sternal gills absent. weckeliid group which is composed of nine

recorded from subter- plates sublinear. mostly monotypic genera

and in Puerto Posterior corners of pleonal plates small ranean freshwater habitats Cuba, acute. Pleopods biramous, not sexually dimor- Rico, the Yucatan Peninsula, northern Mex- phic. Uronites free (not fused), bearing few ico, and south-central Texas (see Holsinger & 55 - 1985 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (2) 285

in and Pro- number of Longley, 1980; Holsinger, press), uropod 3, it shares a important

from marine characters with this The similarities tohadzia, a genus reported "open" genus.

habitats in Bimini in the Bahamas and shared these include: Lagoon by genera (1)

Corona Reef off Puerto Rico absence of (Zimmerman & 3-segmented accessory flagellum; (2)

of the Barnard, 1977). spines on the outer plate maxilliped; (3)

The weckeliid differ from lobate of group genera and pubescent posterior margin seg-

Bahadzia, Metaniphargus, Saliweckelia and Pro- ment 4 of gnathopod 1; (4) large 4th coxal plate

tohadzia by the absence of a second (terminal) with posterior excavation; (5) broad inner

segment on the outer ramus of uropod 3 and ramus of uropod 3; and (6) comparatively long

reduction absence of the mandibular telson with halves each both or palp. separate bearing

Protohadzia be allied with medial and lateral of may more closely spines. Although some

and Saliweckelia than these character in other of Bahadzia, Metaniphargus states occur genera

with the weckeliid it differs of all six of them in genera. However, Hadziidae, the presence

from all hadziids in the these two is rather Whether peri-Caribbean region genera striking.

by its occurrence in epigean habitats, presence these similarities represent parallelisms in two

of aberrant members small eyes, gnathopod 2 of the male taxa heretofore regarded as of

which lacks distinct and has rather in- a propodal palm a separate phyletic lineages, or are

short 5th and absence of dorsal dicative of close segment, spines a (phylogenetic) relationship

the uronites. between Bahadzia and be on Mayaweckelia cannot

Bahadzia shares number of resolved without further of the weckeliid a important study

and careful reevaluation of character characters with Metaniphargus and Saliweckelia genera

(e.g., overall similarity of gnathopods, well- state polarities in the hadziids.

developed mandibular palp, 2-segmented outer

of also ramus uropod 3) (see descriptions by Bahadzia williamsi Holsinger n. sp. Stock, 1977), but it differs from both of them by (Figs. 1-3) having: (1) a 3-segmented rather than

of — 2-segmented accessory flagellum antenna 1; Material examined. Bahamas. Great Abaco Island:

Dan's Cave 12 km N. of Crossing 1 (2) molar seta on both mandibles; (3) naked in- (ca. Rocks), 9 D. 15 1984. of paratype, Williams, June stead plumose apical setae on the inner plate Grand Bahama Island: Cave Asgard onSweetings Cay, of maxilla 1; (4) 8 instead of 9-11 serrate/pec- 1 9 paratype, S. Cunliff, 22 July 1984; Bahama Cement maxilla tinate spines on the outer plate of 1; (5) Cave (Parcel No. 3) near Freeport, 4 9 9, 2 CT C short rather than blade-like the setae spines on paratypes, D. Williams, 17 July 1984; Lucayan Caverns,

of the of the 9 9 and 3 O" 0* D. inner margin outer plate max- holotype 9,3 paratypes, Williams, 10 Nov. 1983. Additional from paratypes Lucayan illiped; (6) unmodified pleopods in both sexes; Caverns as follows: 3 9 9 , D. Williams and J. Yager, 31 and (7) longer and less triangular-shaped telson Oct. 1980; 1 9,1 C, J- Yager and D. Williams, 9 Jan. lobes with a row of lateral spines extending 1982; 1 9 , J • Yager, 8 Apr. 1982; 1 cc, J. Yager, 30 Jan. the base. Bahadzia nearly to differs specifically 1983; 2 9 9,1 juv., D. Williams, 10 Feb. 1983, 4 9 9,

2 D. Williams, 5 Nov. 1983; 2 9 9,1 D. from Metaniphargus by having an excavate juvs., O", 12 Nov. 3 D. Williams, 30 of coxal 4 and Williams, 1983; 9 9,1 O", posterior margin plate a longer Jan. 1984; 19,1 juv., D. Williams, 7 Apr. 1984. 3. It and broader inner ramus of uropod differs The holotype has been deposited in the National from Saliweckelia fewer specifically by having Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution); setae the of and on propods gnathopods 1 2, paratypes have been deposited in the Zoologisch

the Natural small but distinct peduncles of the coxal gills, Museum, Amsterdam, San Diego History Museum, California, and in the collection of the senior and a broader inner ramus of uropod 3. author. Despite the fact that Mayaweckelia has been

included in the weckeliid and differs from — With the characters of the group Diagnosis.

Bahadzia in the absence of mandibular from B. stocki a palp genus. Distinguished (described and second which it is segment of the outer ramus of below), with very closely allied, by 286 - J. R. HOLSINGER & J. YAGER NEW GENUS OF SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD

1. Bahadzia williamsi Grand Bahama Island. Female entire Fig. n. sp., paratypes, Lucayan Caverns, (5.5 mm): A, from left side. Female of 1 lower (7.0 mm): B, part antenna showing accessory flagellum; C, lip; D, maxilliped; E, maxilla 2; F, left mandible (turned in preparation); G, right mandible; H, maxilla 1; I, telson; J, uropod 3. (All

mandibles structures except to same scale.) - 287 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 55 (2) 1985

of small basofacial with clusters of presence a spine on peduncle posterior margin long setae.

of uropod 1; fewer spines on distal end of Coxal plate of gnathopod 2 not as large as that

peduncle of uropod 2; and fewer spines on of gnathopod 1, margin with 10 setae. Coxal telson lobes. 6.0 of 3 rather than Largest male, mm; largest plate pereiopod narrow, longer

female, 8.5 mm (but rarely exceeding 7.0 mm). broad, margin with 7 setae. Coxal plate of

pereiopod 4 broadly expanded and excavate

Female.— Antenna 1: 70-100% of length of posteriorly, margin with 18 mostly short setae.

body, 40-50% longer than antenna 2; primary Pereiopod 6 longer than pereiopods 5 and 7, be-

with aesthe- flagellum up to 25 segments, tween 80 and 100% of length of body. Bases of

5-7 tascs very slender; accessory flagellum pereiopods comparatively broad; posterior

1 lobes rather 3-segmented; peduncular segment longer margins convex; distoposterior than 2, and 2 longer than 3. Antenna 2: large and bluntly rounded. Dactyls of

with 10 5-7 1/4 1/5 flagellum up to segments; peduncular pereiopods comparatively short, to

4 and 5 in Mandi- of of Coxal segments subequal length. length corresponding propods. gills ble: molar well developed; spine row with 10 to very large, subovate, extending to distal end of

14 long spines; palp segment 3 as long as com- bases. Brood plates long and narrow, bearing bined of and armed lengths segments 1 2, with long setae distally.

1 of and 3 E- 1 long A-seta, long row D-setae, Pleonal plates: posterior margins with short

Inner loberof lower absent setae. lip vestigial or seta each; posterior corners acute; ventral

(?). Maxilla 1: inner lobe with 14 non-plumose margin of plate 1 without spines, plate 2 with 1

(?) apical setae; outer plate with 8 serrate/pec- spine, plate 3 with 2 spines. Pleopods subequal

blade rami tinate spines; palp bearing 9 spines and 1 in length; inner a little longer than outer

Maxilla inner with coarse seta apically. 2: plate rami; peduncles with 2 coupling spines each.

of facial and of thicker Uronite slender row numerous setae row 1 typically bearing 2 spines setae on inner margin. Maxilliped: apex of in- dorsodistally; uronites 2 and 3 usually with 4 ner plate armed with several small spines, inner such spines. Uropod 1: inner ramus a little

with of naked than shorter than margin row short, setae; outer longer outer ramus, pedun-

7 plate broadly rounded and expanded distally, cle, armed with 6 or spines; outer ramus with

half inner distal of margin with double row of 7 to 10 spines; peduncle with about 14 spines, short 1 inner setae. of which is basofacial. Uropod 2: ramus

least twice than outer and armed Propod of gnathopod 1 narrow, at longer ramus peduncle,

armed with with about 11 spines; outer ramus with 5 as long as broad; palm very short, with few spines and setae; distal half of posterior spines; peduncle 8 spines, 5 of which are

5 of form comb margin richly setose. Segment gnathopod 1 shorter and a row between 2 longer longer than propod, bearing clusters of long spines dorsodistally. Uropod 3 approximately setae on anterior, posterior and medial 17% of length of body; inner ramus slightly

of of than inner margins. Posterior margin segment 4 longer outer ramus, and outer

1 lobiform and with short gnathopod broadly pubescent. margins spines and plumose setae;

Coxal plate of gnathopod 1 broadly expanded outer ramus with few spines and plumose setae

with 12 of inner but with distally, margin setae. Dactyl on margin, spines only on outer gnathopod 2 short and thick. Propod of margin; peduncle with about 4 distal spines.

2 than twice Telson in 2 lateral gnathopod narrow, elongate, more separate halves (lobes); as long as broad; palm short and oblique, arm- margins with 7 or 8 short, singly inserted spines ed 3 medial with distally-split spines near defining each, margins with 5 spines each; apices

and of lobes with 3 each. angle several setae; posterior margin typically setae elongate, with clusters of setae; anterior margin with sets of long setae. Segment 5 of gnathopod Male.— Differing from female in the structure

and than follows. 2 narrow elongate, longer propod, of gnathopod 2 as Dactyl rather long, 288 J. R. HOLSINGER & J. YAGER - NEW GENUS OF SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD

Bahadzia williamsi Grand Bahama Island. Fig. 2. n. sp., paratypes, Lucayan Caverns, Female (6.0 mm): A, gnathopod

2 (palm and dactyl enlarged); B, pleopod 1 (coupling spines enlarged); C, pleopod 3 in part (drawn to larger scale than pleopod 1). Female (7.0 mm): D, gnathopod 1. (Gnathopods to same scale and shown in medial view.) 55 - 1985 289 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (2)

3. Bahadzia williamsi Grand Bahama Island. Female Fig. n. sp., paratypes, Lucayan Caverns, (7.0 mm): A, B, uropods

1 and 2 (comb spines enlarged); C, D, pereiopods 3 and 4 (in part). Female (6.5 mm): E, pereiopod 6. Male (6.0 mm):

F, gnathopod2 (medial view) (to smaller scale than female gnathopods in fig. 2, palmar region enlarged). (Uropods and pereiopods 3 and 4 to same scale, pereiopod 6 to smaller scale.) 290 J. R. HOLSINGER & J. YAGER - NEW GENUS OF SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD

nail short. and little Robbins and the Propod long narrow, a ophidiid Lucifuga spelaeotes longer than segment 5; palm long and gently epigean spiney cheek sleeper Eleotris.

double of 8 9 blunt- In and Bahama Cement B. convex, armed with row or Asgard caves,

williamsi collected from tipped spine teeth; posterior margin subequal to was a habitat similar to palm in length, bearing clusters of setae; that in Lucayan Caverns. In these caves,

Posterior associated with superior medial setae double inserted. however, amphipods were

7 clusters of of the margin of segment 5 bearing 6 or remipedian crustaceans genus Speleonectes

of coxal with 12 and of cirolanid long setae. Margin plate setae. (see Yager, 1981) a new genus

isopod crustacean currently being described by Type-locality. — Lucayan Caverns, located Jerry H. Carpenter. In Dan's Cave, B. william- near the south coast of Grand Bahama Island si collected from was polyhaline water at a approximately 29 km east of Freeport, is an ex- 16 where it depth of approximately m, was 10 tensive underwater cave system with over with the associated stygobiont pardaliscid am- km of date. passage surveyed to S. phipod Spelaeonicippe sp. (probably provo

and — of and Distribution ecology. Outside the described by Stock & Vermeulen, 1982), a

this is recorded from of type-locality, species new genus Remipedia.

Bahama Cement and both Several females from the above had Asgard caves, on caves

Bahama Dan's Cave Grand Island, and on setose brood plates and were apparently sexual-

Great Abaco Island. The linear These in range covers a ly mature. specimens ranged length distance of km and includes 260 the two north- from 6.0 to 8.5 mm. One female (6.4 mm in

the Bahamas in collection from ernmost islands of (see fig. 5). length), a Lucayan Caverns

The The majority of specimens collected to date made on 10 February 1983, was ovigerous.

from where brood are Lucayan Caverns, they were pouch contained 1 large egg, but 3 found in below detached also this swimming freely open water a eggs presumably belonging to halocline 10 and 15 The female found in the collection vial. at depths between m. were halocline of 9 The occurs at a depth m.

— is this Etymology. It a pleasure to name physicochemical parameters of this habitat W. species in honor of our good friend, Dennis were: salinity, 18 ppt (polyhaline); temper- Williams, in recognition for his fine work on the dissolved 0.7 ature, 24°C; oxygen, ppm or exploration, study and protection of Lucayan 14% saturation. Collection of amphipods was Caverns. made with a squeeze bottle, utilizing a one-way valve designed by Boris Sket of Ljubljana

determined either University. Salinity was by Bahadzia stocki Holsinger, n. sp. the refractive method the conductive method or (Fig. 4)

33 using a Y.S.I, no. (Yellow Springs In-

concentration was deter- dustries). Oxygen Material examined.— Turks and Caicos Islands. mined with model 0-40 dissolved a oxygen test Providenciales: Airport Cave, holotype 9,2 9 9 and 2 kit purchased from CHEMetrics, Inc. Or a paratypes, T. M. Iliffe, 31 Oct. 1982; The Hole, 1 CT T. M. Iliffe, 30 Oct. 1982. The holotype in paratype, The amphipods were usually seen the (partly dissected) has been deposited in the National located about 183 "Sleeper Room," m from Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution); the surface the In this nearest entrance to cave. have been retained in the collection ofthe senior paratypes section of Lucayan Caverns, they were fre- author. quently associated with an eyed, lightly pigmented corophiid amphipod, Grandidierella Diagnosis. — Closely similar to B. williamsi,

G. bonnieroides described and from that sp. (probably Stephensen), a new above, differing only species of the crustacean order Thermos- species by the characters given in the following baenacea, unidentified copepods, and two description. Largest male, 5.0 mm; largest kinds of fishes. The latter included the blind female, 6.5 mm. BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, 55 (2) - 1985 291

4. Bahadzia stocki female Cave, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands: A, Fig. n. sp., holotype (6.0 mm), Airport lower of maxilla end of animal uronites and 2 lip; B, palp segment 2 1; C, upper lip; D, posterior showing uropods and 3; E, peduncle of uropod 3 from right side; F, G, uropods 1 and 2; H, pleonal plates; I, propod and dactyl of gnathopod 1 (lateral view); J, telson. (All structures to same scale except gnathopod, propod and palp segment which are to larger scale.)

Description. — Lower lip without inner ramus with 11 spines; outer ramus with 4-6

with 3 lobes. Ventral margins of pleonal plates 2 and spines; peduncle 6-7 long spines, or 4 of

3 with Uronite with 2 slender which form cluster 2 spines each. 1 a tight dorsodistally toward spines dorsodistally, uronite 2 with 5 or 6 such the medial side. Peduncle of uropod 3 with 5 to spines, uronite 3 with 2 such spines. Uropod 1: 8 spines distally. Lateral margins of telson lobes

with with 8 10 inner ramus armed 8 spines, outer ramus to (usually doubly inserted) spines with 6 spines; peduncle with 11 spines, each; medial margins with 6 or 7 spines each, basofacial spine lacking. Uropod 2: inner of which those closest to apex are in a set of 3. 292 & YAGER - NEW GENUS OF SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD J. R. HOLSINGER J.

Grand Fig. 5. Distribution of Bahadzia in the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands: 1, B. williamsi (three localities on

Great B. stocki localities Bahama and one on Abaco); 2, (two on Providenciales).

— brood Type-locality. Airport Cave, located the females from this cave had setose

km north the Blue and about 0.4-0.8 of airport near plates were apparently sexually mature.

Hills the island is in size from 6.5 The on of Providenciales, a ver- They ranged 5.0 to mm.

male from The Hole tical fissure, 12-15 m deep, giving access to a single specimen (located

km of lake of brackish water. Airport Cave is un- approximately 10 east Airport Cave) was

that described in lake the bot- doubtedly the same locality as by collected a of polyhaline water at

Buden Felder "crescent- cenote-like about & (1977: 109) as a tom of a large, vertical, pit,

'18 The in both shaped fissure" with a saline pool. This cave m deep. oxygen concentration

lakes than In was listed as a locality for the shrimp Barbouria cave was less 1 ppm. Airport

B. stocki in with cubensis (Von Martens) by these writers. Cave, was found association a

of described new genus Remipedia being by

and Distribution ecology.— To date this Yager and Frederick R. Schram, a stygobiont

is from Providen- species recorded two caves on representative of a new family of shrimps being ciales in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Pro- described by C. W. Hart, Jr. and Raymond B. videnciales is situated 700-800 km southeast of and of the Manning, a new stygobiont genus

localities recorded for the B. williamsi. crustacean order Leptostraca being described

col- Amphipods from Airport Cave were by Thomas E. Bowman. In The Hole, B. stocki

bot- lected from a lake ofpolyhaline water at the was taken in association with the new lep-

of the vertical All three of noted above. tom near- entrance. tostracan genus 55 - 1985 293 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (2)

— this islands situated between Etymology. It is a pleasure to name some of the carbonate

in and Caicos banks will result new species honor of our distinguished col- the Little Bahama league, Professor Jan H. Stock of the Institute in the discovery of additional populations of

of Amster- Bahadzia. of Taxonomic Zoology, University Considering the fact that numerous

in for his anchialine exist the Bahamas dam, recognition many outstanding caves throughout

that have been the contributions to our knowledge of the subterra- never explored biologically,

the West Indies. of these outside nean crustacean fauna of probability finding organisms

of their presently known ranges is very high.

New morphological data obtained from the

should DISCUSSION study of additional populations give us a

much better understanding of the limits of

As presently known, the two species of Bahadzia geographic variation in these species. inhabit anchialine caves on islands situated

The in- some 700 km apart (fig. 5). two islands

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS habited by B. williamsi, Grand Bahama and

Great Abaco, are developed on the Little We indebted Dennis W. Williams for his assistance are to Bahama Bank at the northern end of the with the fieldwork and helpful comments during prepara- Bahamas. Providenciales, which is inhabitedby tion of the manuscript. We also thank Thomas M. Iliffe B. in the and stocki, is located Turks Caicos and Sarah Cunliff for their assistance with the collection

Islands Bank. The Suzanne M. Katherine D. developed on the Caicos of specimens. DeBlois, Payne

and the Center for Instructional Development at Old Turks and Caicos Islands are geographically Dominion University assisted with the preparation of the southeastward of and geologically a extension figures. the Bahamas, and this continuous chain of This study was supported by a grant from the National islands is as the of car- developed exposed tops Science Foundation (DEB 8206716) to J. R. H. The

banks that lie between the latitudes of fieldwork was N.S.F. DEB 8009909 bonate supported by grants

Frederick Schram. 20°N and 27°N. to T. M. Iliffe and BSR 8212335 to R.

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maridae from the Peninsula in and deep marine channels separating these s. lat.) Yucatan Mex-

ico. In: J. R. REDDELL ed., Studies on the caves and banks, the habitats occupied by B. williamsi and of cave fauna the Yucatan Peninsula. Ass. mex. Both B. stocki are remarkably similar. species Cave Stud. Bull., 6: 15-25. inhabit anchialine and occur in caves in of North , press. Zoogeographic patterns of low polyhaline water extremely oxygen con- American subterranean amphipod crustaceans. In:

F. R. SCHRAM Crustacean 3. centration (less than 1 ppm) at depths between ed., issues,

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Received: 10 December 1984