Studies on Simuliidae (Diptera), with particular
reference to Austrosimulium tillyardianum ~
Volume 2 -- Appendices
A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology in the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
by
Trevor K. Crosby
1974 CONTENTS OF APPENDICES i
CONTENTS Page
Appendix 1. Use of the common names "sandfly" and "black fly" API for species of Simuliidae (Diptera)
Appendix 2. A gynandromorph of Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) AP 5 australense (Schiner) from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Appendix 3. Ob'taining literature through interlibrary loan AP 10
Appendix 4. Instar determination data and programs AP 18
Appendix 5. Wainui Valley Stream sampling programme data AP 74 COMMON NAMES AP 1
Appendix 1
Use of the common names "sandfly" and "black fly"
for species of Simuliidae (Diptera)
Accepted for publication in: New Zealand Entomologist COMMON NAMES AP 2
In New Zealand, Simuliidae are called "sandflies", a usage that has persisted since the voyages of exploration of Captain Cook between 1769 and 1775 (Dumbleton 1973). Throughout the remainder of the English-speaking world, Simuliidae are generally referred to as "black flies", a name apparently of North American origin.
The use of both these common nrunes for the .Simuliidae can be confusing. In most parts of the English-speaking world, "sandflies" is the common name generally applied to psychodid flies belonging to the subfamily Phlebotominae, although this name is often used, especially in conversation, for the biting midges of the family Ceratopogonidae (Oldroyd 1964). Dumbleton (1973) suggested that since there were no biting Psychodidae in New Zealand, and only one biting ceratopogonid of localized distribution, the New Zealand use of "sandflies" for Simuliidae caused no confusion. But, if "sandflies" is used in publications, authors should realize that other researchers who do not know of the equivalence of "sandflies" and "black flies" may be confused.
The name "black fly" may also be ambiguous at times. Thus "blackfly" written as one word is often used as a common name for some aphids, such as the bean aphis (Oldroyd 1964), and this spelling has also been used in many publications on Simuliidae.
Because of the confusion surrounding the use of common names, the term "simuliid" which is being increasingly used in the scientific literature is preferred to either "black fly" or "sandfly".
HISTORICAL USE
Dumbleton (1973) remarked that the Ox£ord English Dictionary (O.E.D.) defined "sandfly" as a small fly or midge, especially one belongi~g to the genus Simulium, and cited its use as early as 1748 in Anson's "Voyage round the World". The association of the word "sand-flies" in the citation and the genus Simulium by the compilers of the O.E.D. was given through Boas (1896) in his "Text book of zoology" page 276: "fhe sand-fly (Simlllia) , , (edition translated from the German by Kirkaldy & Pollard).
However, the full citation from Anson in ¥lhich the term "sand-flies" is used leaves doubt as to whether it is in fact simuliids that are referred to: 'And at sun-set, when the musquitoes [sic] ret-ired, they were succeeded by an infinity of sand-flies, which, though scarce discernible to the naked eye, make a mighty buzzing, and wherever they bite raise a small bump in the flesh, which is soon attended with a painful itching.. I (Walter, undated COMMON NAP1ES AP 3 edition ca 176~'?, page 14). At the time of Itlri,ting, Anson was anchored in the harbour of the Island of Santa. Catarina (called St. Catherine by Anson) just off the mainland of Brazil. Th:t:ee simuliid species have been recorded from the nearby mainland (Vu1cano 1967), one of "'Thich bites man, Simulium
(Simulium) dinellii (Joan) i however, it does not fit the description of the citation. The references to the very small size, buzzing, biting at sunset, and the effect of the bite describe better a ceratopogonid, biting midges to which the common name "sa.ndfly" is often applied. For example, Christy (1903) described the attack of an Ugandan ceratopogonid as: 'This minute fly. bites terribly, leaving an irritating wheal, which itches for days. It makes a sharp short peevish buzz when settling, fully as loud as a mosquito' •
Probably then the earliest authentic reference to Simuliidae as "sandflies" would be that by Forster (1777) from Cook's second voyage to New Zealand: Dusky Sound, 3-5 April 1773 ' •• . where a sort of little crane-flies .•• became remarkably troublesome during the bad weather. They were numerous in the skirts of the woods, not half so large as gnats or musketoes, and our sailors called them sandflies'.
Strangely, the common name "black fly" was not defined in the main part of the O.E.D. but was defined in the Supplement as 'anyone of the species of th'e genus Simulium . . .I , this definition originating from "The Century Dictionary, 1889", an American publication. Boas (1896) had used the word "black-flies" a ,few lines under "sand-fly", and apparently this had been overlooked by the compilers of the O.E.D.: 'others, Black-flies, e.g., S[imulia) columbaczensis, of Hungary, are sometimes, when they occur in large numbers, a terrible plague to cattle •• • '. The earliest citation recorded by the O.E.D. was to a novel "Margaret" by Judd (1845): 'I recollect when we was [sic] in the Provinces down to Arcady, where the Black Flies come out as thick as birds after a thunder storm' (page 309). However, an unequivocal use of "black fly" before Judd is given by Harris (1841):
'called the black fly (S,iwulium molestum)', while Davies, Peterson ,& Wood (1962) record an earlier use of "black fly" for Simuliidae by Talbot (1824), Still earlier references to Simuliidae in North America are usually given under the common name "mosqui-toes" (Davies, Peterson & Wood 1962), a name probably used with the original Spanish meaning of "little flies".
ACKNOWJ... EDGMENTS
I wish to thank Dr M.J. Winterbourn fel: his helpful criticisms of this paper. The above work was supported by a New Zealand Postgraduate Scholarship. COMMON NAMES AP 4 " .
LITERATURE CITED
BOAS, J. E. V., 1896: Text book of zoology. Translated from German by KIRKALDY, J. W. & POLLARD, E. C. Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd., London. 559 pp.
CENTURY DICTIONARY, The, 1889: An encyclopedic lexicon of the English language. Volume 3. Edition consulted 1899, The Times, London.
CHRISTY, C., 1903: In THEOBALD, F. V., Report on a collection of mosquitoes and other from Equatorial East Africa and the Nile Provinces of Uganda. Report of the Sleeping Sickness Commission. Royal Society 3: 33-42.
DAVIES, D. M., PETERSON, B. V., WOOD, D. M., 1962: The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Ontario. Part 1. Adult identification and distribution with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 92 (1961): 70-154.
DUMBLETON, L. J., 1973: The genus Austrosimu1ium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science 15(4): 480-584.
FORSTER, Go, 1777: A voyage round the world in His Britannic Majesty's Sloop, Resolution, commanded by Captain James Cook, during the years 1772, 3, 4, and 5. Volume 1: 135-136. White, Robson & Robinson. London.
HARRIS, T. W., 1841: A report on the insects of Massachusetts, injurious to vegetation. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 459 pp.
JUDD, S., 1845: Margaret, a tale. Part II, p. 309. (Cited by Oxford English Dictionary, Supplement).
OLDROYD, H., 1964: The natural history of flies. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London. 324 pp.
TALBOT, E. A., 1824: Black fly. In Five years' residence in the Canadas (including a tour through part of the United States of America in the year 1823). Voltmle 1: 243-244. London. (Ci ted by Davies, Peterson & Wood (1962».
VULCANO, M. A., 1967: Fa.mily Simuliidae, Fascicle 16. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United states. Departmento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo. 44 pp.
WALTER, R., undated edition ca 176-? A voyage round the world, in the years 1740, 41, 42, 43, 44; by George Anson, Esq. London. vi + 7-220 pp. A GYNANDROMORPH OF AUSTROSIMULIUM AUSTRALENSE AP 5
Appendix 2
A gynandromorph of Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium)
australense (Schiner) from New Zealand (Diptera : Simuliidae)
Accepted for publication in: Journal of Natural History Introduction When examining a collection of females of Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) australense (Schiner) and A. (A.) ungulatum Tonnoir from Punakaiki, West Coast, South Island, a gynandromorph of A. (A.) australense was discovered. This individual had the head of a female, b0:t the thorax and abdomen were a mosaic of both male and female characters. According to the classification of gynandromorphs outlined by Puri (1933), this specimen would be a primary somatic hermaphrodite since it possessed parts of the internal and external secondary sexual apparatus of both sexes.
Description of the A. (A.) australense gynandromorph
For comparison, descriptions of the normal male and female may be found in Tonnoir (1925) and Dumbleton (1973).
Head. That of a normal female. Head dichoptic, eye facets uniformly small. Mouthparts well developed, mandibles and maxillae normally toothed.
Thorax. Left side: that of a normal female, with overlying pruinose appearance, scutum with short decumbent hairs, prescutellar depression and scutellum with long black hairs. Haltere light yellow. Wing normal. Right side: resembling a male, about 1/3 normal number of long black hairs present on prescutellar depression and scutellum. Haltere dark yellow-brown. Wing with very few macrotrichia on costal vein, otherwise normal. Two features of right side are found in neither sex: overlying pruinose appearance absenti scutum bare, lacking decumbent hairs.
Legs. of the left side and the right hind leg femalei the right fore and mid legs male, as shown by the presence on each of a finely striated sclerotized pad extending distally from tarsus 5.
Abdomen. Basal fringe of hairs on tergite 1; those of left side light as in female; those of right side black as in male, but sparser. Shape-of tergites 2-8 indeterminate, intermediate between male and female. Traces of sternites 3 and 5 present (none present in a normal female), shape of
sterIli tes 6~8 resembles a male. Lateral tufts of abdominal hairs i those of left side light as in female; those of right side black as in male, but sparser.
Genitalia. Internally, no organs recognizable as gonads. Female structures: complete left and right paraprocts, cerci and anterior gonapophyses present, these external structtlres occupying -their normal terminal position on anterior gonapophyses faint; genital fork present but with articulation of right side absent, lightly sclerotizedi A GYNANDROMORPH OF AUSTROSIMULIUM AbsTRALENSE AP 7 spermatheca present, with short internal hairs, granular material present in spermatheca but not recognizable as sperm. Male structures: external structures confined to extreme right of segment 9 of abdomen; ful.ly developed right coxite, style and paramere present; style with 3 apical teeth; a small knob of tissue under the right anterior gonapophysis probably represen'ts the left coxi te and style; ventral plate present, but about 1/2 normal size; aedeagal membrane, with combs of fine spinules present.
Locality. Punakaiki Camping Ground, 42° 07'S, 171 0 20'E, 18.viii,70, P.M. Johns.
Collected inside a hut on a window together with females of A. (A.) australense and A. (A.) ungulatum. Preserved in 90% ethanol.
Discussion
Only one case of gynandromorphism 'in adult Simuliidae has been described previously, that of an individual of Simulium (Simulium) palmatum Puri from India (Puri, 1933). This individual was a secondary somatic hermaphrodite, a gynandromorph that possessed the secondary sexual apparatus of one sex only. Gynandromorphs of a similar type were reported for two species by Rubzov (1958), Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus) from the Leningrad district of Russia and Simulium (Wilhelmia) mediterraneum Puri from Central Asia, but neither was described. Intersexuality appears to be commoner than gynandromorphism, and has been described in four species; Simulium (Obuchovia) auricoma Meigen from France (Grenier & Bertrand, 1949), Simulium (Simulium) paramorsitans Rubzov from Russia (Rubzov, 1958), and Metacnephia terterjani (Rubzov) and Simulium (Eusimulitlm) delizhanense Rubzov from Armenia (Terteryan, 1961); and has been reported for two other species, Simulium (Schoenbaueria) subpusillum Rubzov and Simulium, (Simul.ium) morsitans Edwards from the Leningrad district'of Russia (Rubzov, 1958). In all described cases specimens were hatched or dissected from pupae that had been collected in the field and brought back to the laboratory for examination.
OVerall, female characters were more fully expressed in the A. (A.) australense gynandromorph than those of the male, this dominance being shown most clearly by the hairs of the thoracic and abdominal regions. All female regions were fully haired as in a normal female, but most male regions were more sparsely haired than in a normal male.
Although both female and male genitalia were pr-esent in the gynandro morph, only the female genitalia vlere located in their normal terminal A GYNANDROMORPH ,OF AUSTROSIMULIUM AUS~RALENSE AP 8
position on the abdomen. The incomplete set of male genitalia appeared to be confined to the extreme right side, because of a lack of room for their complete development.
The behaviour of the A. (A.) australense gynandromorph appeared to be that of a typical female since I have found only females in collections of adults taken from windows. The absence of sperm from the spermatheca of the gynandromorph is not surprising, for, even if it was capable of normal female mating behaviour, the of male genitalia probably would have prevented successful copulation. In comparison, the twenty normal females of A. (A.) australense examined from the same collection all had sperm present in the spermatheca.
Summary
A gynandromorph of Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) australense (Schiner) is described. This individual had the head of a female, whereas the thorax and abdomen were a mosaic of male and £emale characters. The genitalia of both sexes were present, but only the female set was complete. Overall, the female characters of this specimen appeared to be more fully expressed than those of the male.
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank Dr M.J. Winterbourn for his helpful criticisms of this paper. The above work was supported by a New Zealand Postgraduate Scholarship.
References
DUMBLETON, L. J. 1973. The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. N.Z. Jl Sci. 15(4) : 480-584.
GRENIER, P. & BERTRAND, H. 1949. Un cas d'intersexualite chez Simulium
auricoma r1g., (Dipt.). Remarques concernant la question des m~les dichoptiques chez les Simuliidae. Bull. biol. Fr. Belg. 83(4), 387-391.
PURl, 1. M. 1933. A case of gynandromorphism in Simulium. Indian J. med. Res. 20(3) : 801-802, plate XXXIII.
RUBZOV, I. A. 1958. [On the gynandromorphs and intersexes in black flies (family Simuliidae, Diptera)]. Zool. Zh. 37(3) : 458-461. (In Russian with English summary) • A GYNANDROMORPH OF AUSTROSIMULIUM AUSTRALENSE AP 9
TERTERYAN, .A. E. 1961. [On the cases of abnormality among black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae)]. Bnt.'" Obozr. 40(1) : 107-108. (In Russian).
TONNOIR, A. L. 1925. . Australasian Simuliidae. Bull. ent. Res. 15(3) : 213-255. 'A library's most satisfied customer tends to be an elderly scientist who has been in the university for a long time and who cannot understand what all the fuss is about because the collection can provide what he needs for his own work.'
McEldowney (1973) New Zealand University Library Resources 1972 pp. 95-6 OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 10
Appendix 3
Obtaining literature through interlibrary loan
Accepted for publication in: New Zealand' libra:r:ies
On the basis of his experience in assembling a collection of reprints in specialised subject areas using the inter loan system a research scientist considers Garfield's proposal that major library centres housing "the least used journals" should be set up for servicing interlibrary loans. Such a proposal has both advantages and limitations, but would not lessen the need, nor provide a substitute for good local collections held at centres where research is being tmdertaken.
------~------OBTAIN~NG LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 11
An integral part of any research progral1une is searching the literature and' obtaining papers that are relevant to the research problem. The efficacy of information services or reprint distribution in helping to achieve this aim has been discussed by several authors recently, either expressing their praise or doubts about such systems (1-11).
The thoroughness of a literature search is normally influenced by the abstracting journals or indexing services available, and the time the investigator is'prepared to search before deciding that a point has been reached where the returns no longer match the effort expended. Often useful papers are, overlooked or ignored because they are not written in the investigator's native language, they have misleading titles that do not indicate the full scope of the paper, or because the source journal is not readily available. This last factor is particularly important in small research centres where library holdings, facilities and finance are normally limited (12, 13) and where specialised reprint collections are probably not available.
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of assembling a reprint collection in such a small centre, the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New' Zealand. The main method of obtaining the literature was ,through the interlibrary loan (interloan) system, the type of system that has been proposed (14) as being suitable for obtaining papers in the "least used journals" perhaps "stored in regional, national or even international library centers". Since some aspects of my search were carried out in greater depth than others, the effi.ciency of the interloan system with respect to differing user requirements could be assessed, and also the probable effectiveness and limitations of Garfield's (14) scheme could be evaluated. The papers sought between March 1969 and June 1972 were those concerned with black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) or with methods of analysing multivariate data.
The reprints were analysed by dividi.ng the collection into four sections ('l'able I), each represen'ting a· different degree of completeness and intensity of search effort depending upon the importance that I had placed upon the section as part of my study. These sections may be characteri.sed as follows: OBTAINING' LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 12 ", .
1 Biology of Simuliidaei studies on the biology of larvae and adults. 'No restrictions on the availability of source journals, no language bias.
2 Cataloguei taxonomic papers affecting sim~liid nomenclature, required to compile a catalogue of world species. No restrictions on the availability of source journals, no language bias.
3 Other simuliid papers; studies on parasites, predators, diseases, related ecological methods, morphology, salivary gland chromosomes, control, and taxonomic papers not affecting nomenclature. Mainly from source journals available in New Zealand; English, French and German language bias.
4 Multivariate analysis; mainly discriminant function analysis; a selection of papers sought. Mainly from source journals readily available in New Zealand; English language bias.
TABLE I. Number of reprints in collection compared with the total number of references recorded in card file. Percentage of Total references Number of potential reprints recorded reprints in collection
Biology 395 272 68.9 Catalogue 658 588 89.4 Other simuliid 1,206 526 43.6 Multivariate 169 III 65.7
TOTAL 2,428 1,497 61.7
TABLE II. SCl1rce of the reprints in collection.
Univ.ersity of Canterbury libraries Sent by Sent on TOTAL author interloan Sciences Library, Other libraries on shelves or storage
Biology 13 3 46 210 272 Catalogue 15 26 62 485 588 Other simuliid 38 24 116 348 526 Multivariate 22 13 3 73 III
TOTAL 88 66 227 1,116 1,497 OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 13,
TABLE II _ .. continued
One hundred and fifty-four out of the total of 1,497 were photocopied from the University of Canterbury holdings. About 90 of the reprints sent by authors are available in the University of Canterbury libraries. Therefore, about 16.3 per cent of my collection is available in the 1ib-raries.
Of the,' total references in the card file, about 11 per cent are available in the University of Canterbury libraries.
The means of obtaining 1,497 papers in my reprint collection over the three and a quarter year period are summarised in Table II. The small ntmber of articles shelved in the Sciences Library, University of Canterbury, is striking, and in fact less than 12 per cent of the literature relevant to my study was accessible for consultation from the shelves at the moment it may have been required. To obtain all other literature, at least one request form of some kind had to be filled.
Efficiency of the University of Canterbury Inter10an System
The University of Canterbury interloan system is efficient (Table III) , even for "in-depth" studies. If an article cannot be located in New Zealand, requests are sent to libraries in Australia, North America, and Britain, usually in that order. If an article has still not been located, often a request is sent to the National Library of the country in which the article has been published. Most articles were obtained, although they were from about 400 different journals and 100 books.
TABLE III. Number of interloans obtained compared with the number requested.
Number requested Number obtained Percentage obtained
Biology 210 210 100.0 Catalogue 546 485 88.8 Other simuliid 348 348 100.0 Multivariate 74 73 98.6 TOTAL 1,178 1,116 94.7
The section "Catalogue" provided a particularly exacting test of the efficiency of the interloan system (Table III) since there was no bias towards requesting only articles that it was thought that the library could locate. Three hundred and seventy-eight journal articles from 240 journals OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 14
were obtained; of the 31 requests for journal articles not obtained, 18 were in "the above journals but the appropriat.e volume could not be located, whereas the other 13 were in 13 journals that could not be located •. There were 76 interloan requests for books containing articles on simuliid taxonomy and 46 were received; most of the 30 not received were published before 1850, and many of these are rare.
TABLE IV. Time taken for interloans to arrive.
TIME (weeks) .Less More than than 1 1-2 2-4 4-8 8-26 26-52 52-104 104 Total
Biology 12 31 59 56 44 7 1 0 210 Catalogue 4 32 104 142 141 58 11 3 485 Other simuliid 18 70 152 71 27 8 0 2 348 Multivariate 13 20 25 7 7 1 0 0 73 TOTAL 47 143 340 276 219 74 12 5 1,116
Even though the inter loan system was efficient, it had the disadvantage that there was a time lag between the time of requesting and the time of receiving items (Table IV>'. The time scale in Table IV has been divided into units that reflect to some extent the current "usefulness" of an article to a user at the time it is received. About 48 per cent of requests were received in four weeks, a further 44 per cent within 26 weeks, and the remaining eight per cent took up to two years, or even longer, to arrive. In general, the interloans received within four weeks were those obtained in New Zealand, overseas interloans normally took longer than four weeks
to arrive; some requests ~rom Australia however, were received within two weeks. The section "Catalogue" provided the best indication of the time required to obtain articles if a complete literature search is being undertaken. This showed that a six-month delay can be expected before most of the literature can be assessed with any degree of confidence.
Evaluation of Garfield's (14) proposal
Most libraries .in the world are unable to purchase all the journals that they would like to. Therefore major library centres housing lithe least used journals" set up for servicing interlibrary loans could be of considerable value. For example, the National Lending Library for Science OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERioAN AP 15 and Technology at Boston Spa is a central repository for journals in Britain, and serves to some extent such a function.
Such centres would benefit both users and librarians. Librarians could request an interloan from their nearest centre, and be assured that the article~'lOuld be sel:viced and returned quickly no matter how "obscure" the journal. Similarly, the user would know that any paper requested would be ohtained in a reasonable period of time, even though it would require form-filling followed by a time lag before receipt.
Publishers of small "local interest" journals would also benefit, as it is this type of journal that libraries a)::e usually unable to purchase. A list of the "small journal" centres would indicate to publishers the libraries likely to subscribe to the journal. As well, authors would be assured that their publication was readily available to all researchers.
My experience in using the University of Canterbury interloan system suggests that there could be several limitations in Garfield's scheme however. A major problem could be the expense of operating such a scheme. It would be the smaller libraries that would make the greatest use of such centres, and if too many requests were made by researchers in a small library available finance might be insufficient to service all requests. Some form of priority would therefore have to be established.
In the scheme, photocopying methods and standards would have to be high, since it is unlikely that the original volumes containing the requested articles would be lent. This particularly applies to the copying of photographs, since at the moment copied photographs are seldom as informative as the originals. This is one reason why reprints are requested by individuals even though the article may be readily available for photocopying.
Often the exact. date of publication of an article is required, particularly in taxonomic studies. Because some journals are actually issued at a different date to that stated on the cover (l.5) (e.g., cover date December, 1972; actual. publication date February, 1973), pllotocopies should state the actual date of publication. Otherwise, mistakes will result when the papers are cited by researchers. In many journals it is difficult to find the actual date of publication, and this could cause problems in the "small journal" centres \-lhen servicing such requests. OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 16
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage to a user if all interJ.oans are sent as photocopies will be the loss of the "browsing factor"; that is, other papers in the same volume as the requested article that are of direct or fringe interest to the researcher or to his colleagues will not be seen. In my experience many papers of interest \V'ere found in volumes sent on interloan, either for myself or for colleagues. In this respect photo copied inter loans cannot adequately compensate for the lack of a journal in a library.
To summarise, Garfield's proposal has advantages and limitations. On final analysis however the existence of major library centres operating efficient interloan systems does not lessen the need, nor provide a substitute, for good local collections held at centres where research is being undertaken. The function of any interloan system should be only that of a "back-up" service for specialist needs of researchers, and not for obtaining readily available journals that should be a basic part of any library collection.
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank Mr W.J. McEldowney (University Librarian, University of Otago, Dunedin) and Dr M.J. Winterbourn for their helpful discussions and criticism of this paper. Special thanks go to the staff of the University of Canterbury Library for their efforts in satisfying my requests; in particular, Mr R.N. Erwin and those of the interloan section, Pam Barnett, Alison Eng, Pam Lock, and Elizabeth Russell. I am indebted to Mr P. Hodgson {National Library of Australia, Canberra} who formulated a MEDLARS search for me. The above work was supported by a New Zealand Postgraduate Scholarship.
References
1 Garfield, E. Citation indexing for studying science. Nature 227: 669-71, 1970.
2 Croom, D.L. Dangers in the use of the Science Citation Index. Nature 227:1173, 1970. OBTAINING LITERATURE BY INTERLOAN AP 17 3 Garfield, E. citations-to divided by items-published gives journal
impact factor; lSI'"'"IC\, Ilsts t h e top f'f1 ty h'19 h -lmpact . Journals . of
science. Current Contents 23 Feb.~6-9, 1972.
4 Is citation frequency a valid criterion for selecting journals? Current Contents 5 Apr.:5-6, 1972.
5 Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation. Science 178:471-9, 1972.
6 Anon. At the heart of the paper blizzard. New Scientist 56:464, 1972.
7 Garfield, E. If you canlt stand the heat, get out of the kitchen! Pub lishing journals is not kid-stuff!! Current Contents 7 Mar.:5, 1973.
8 Briggs, M.H. and Briggs, M. Hormones and blood chemistry. Nature 240:490-1, 1972.
9 Windsor, D.A. Titles and reprints. Nature 241:226, 1973.
10 Johnson, L.G. Reprint requests .. Nature 242:143, 1973.
11 Hartree, E.F. Reprint distribution. Nature 242:485, 1973.
12 Hlavac, R.W. Book selection in University libraries. New Zealand libraries 34(3} :109-13, June 1971.
13 /)-lcEldowney I W. J • New Zealand uni versi ty library resources; report of a survey carried out in 1972 for the New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee. Wellington, Ne\q Zealand Vic e·-Chancellors , Committee, 1973.
14 Garfield, E. Citation studies indicate that two copies may be cheaper than one! Current Contents 7 June:5-6, 1972.
15 Should journal publication dates be controlled by legislation? Current Contents 29 Mar.:5-6, 1972. lNeusner loved computers and statistical theory and his papers were famous for the sheets of numbers that masked the fantasy of his conclusions.'
Updike (1969) Couples p. III INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 18
Appendix 4
Instar determination data and programs
Page
Appendix table 1 -- Measurements of the standardization set of larvae· AP 19
Appendix table 2 -- Measurements of the test sets of larvae AP 23
Appendix table 3 -- Standardiza'tion set of discriminant function AP 27 equations
Appendix table 4 -- Discriminant values of the standardization set AP 36 of larvae in the standardization set of discriminant f1.1,nction equations
Appendix table 5 -- Means and variances of the discriminant values AP 52 of the standardization set of larvae in the standardization set of discriminant function equations
Calculation of quadratic discriminant function equations AP 56
Multiple discriminant function analysis program -- MDISC AP 61
Program for evaluating discriminant function equations -- DSEV AP 70
Program for counting outlier discriminant values -- LIMIT AP72 INSTAR DETEru1INATION DATA AP 19
Appe~clix table 1 -- Heasurements of the standardization set of Austrosimu1ium larvae • .-;;;~--"~...... ;.;;...~
INs'rAR 1 SPECINEN STANDARDIZATION SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0.569 108.6 105.0 97.7 51.8 3 27.4 O. O. 37.4 10.1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0.599 126.7 108.6 . 101.4 50.4 3 20.2 O. O. 33.1 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 3 0.554 105.0 101. 4 90.5 50.4 3 21.6 O. O. 34.6 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 4 0.452 119.5 105.0 97.7 50.4 3 20.2 O. O. 34.6 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.554 115.8 105.0 94.1 51.8 3 23.0 O. O. 37.4 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 6 0.394 108.6 97.7 94.1 51.8 3 21.6 O. O. 41.0 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 7 0.560 106.6 100.8 85.0 50.4 2 31. 7 O. O. 34.6 7.2 1 1 1 1 1 8 0.584 104.1 104.1 97.7 53.7 3 23.0 O. O. 34.0 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 9 0.408 105.0 105.0 94.1 53.3 3 24,S O. O. 34.6 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 10 0.540 115.8 101.4 94.1 50.4 3 20,2 O. O. 34.6 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 11 0.408 101.4 105.0 97.7 51.8 3 23.0 O. O. 36,0 8,6 1 1 1 1 1 12 0.605 130.3 105.0 97.7 50.4 3 23.0 0, O. 37.4 8.6 1 1 1 1 1 13 X 0,511 94.1 101.4 94.1 O. 0 0, 0, O. O. O. 0 0 0 0 0 14 X 0.555 115.8 97.7 90.5 51.8 2 23.0 O. O. O. O. 1 1 1 1 1 15 X O. O. O. O. 51.8 0 0, O. O. O. O. 1 1 1 1 1 16 X O. O. 74.9 O. 53.3 2 O. .0. O. 33.1 8.0 1 1 1 1 1 17 X 0.569 112.2 101.4 90.5 51.8 3 25,7 0, O. O. O. 1 0 0 0 1 18 X ·0. O. 101.4 86.9 51.8 0 O. O. O. 30.0 8,6 1 1 1 1 1 19 X 0.394 101.4 101.4 90,5 50.4 3 O. 0, O. O. 0, 1 1 1 1 1 20 X O. O. O. O. 50.4 2 21.6 O. 0, 36.0 8,6 1 1 1 1 1 21 X 0.496 133.9 105.0 94.1 O. 0 0, O. O. O. O. 0 0 0 O. 1 22 X 0.600 O. O. O. O. 0 0, 0, O. O. 0, 0 0 0 0 1
INSTAR 2 SPECIMEN STANDARDIZATION SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 0.750 162.9 115.8 97.7 60.5 3 24.5 25.7 O. 37.4 8.6 1 1 2 1 1 2 0.850 162.9 123.1 106.0 66.2 3 27.4 28.7 O. 37.4 8.6 1 1 2 1 1 3 0.850 173.8 119.5 105.0 63.4 3 27.4 23,0 O. 38.9 7.2 1 1 2 1 1 4 0.550 137.6 101.4 90.5 59,0 3 25.7 20.2 O. 36.0 8.6 1 1 2 1 1 5 0.800 155.7 115.8 105.0 59.0 3 25.7 18.7 O. 40.3 8,6 1 1 2 1 1 6 0.800 162.9 144.8 108.6 51.1 3 27,8 25.5 O. 38.0 10.0 1 1 2 1 1 7 0.725 130.3 115.8" 105.0 63.4 3 21.6 17.3 O. 38,9 8.6 1 . 1 2 1 1 8 X 0.600 141.2 112.2 108.6 59.0 3 27.4 21.6 O. O. O. 1 1 2 1 1 9 X O. 155.7 110.0 101.4 59.0 3 O. 18.7 O. O. O. 1 1 2 1 1 10 X 0.800 148.4 115.8 101.4 O. 0 O. O. O. O. O. 0 0 0 0 0
x = SPECn1ENS WITH NISSING IvlEASUREMEN'rS! NOT USED IN THE HULTIPLE DISCRIMINANT FUNC'I'ION ANALYSES INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 20 Appendix table 1 continued. l"1STAR sp':c 11'E'~ ST4~C.RDllATICN SET OF VA~IAeLES "lUMBER 2 4 5 6 7 e 'I 10 11 13 II, 15 16 1 1.025 Ull.a 159.3 137.6 11.8 6. ~4.6 25.7 2.9 60.5 1l.5 1. 1. 2 1.175 2Cl.7 1'32.C 141.2 8S.C 6. 38.9 25.7 ~.3 60.5 lC.l 3 1.115 206.~ 155.7 137.6 80.~ 5. 31.1 21.4 61.9 1C.1 2. 2. 1. 4 1.C25 213 .b 152.C BCi.3 8C.~ 6. H.7 27.4 59.0 lC .1 2. 1. 5 C.95C 2C6.3 1~2.C 14!.2 74.9 4. 2B.e 27 .~ 57.6 lC .1 •• 2. 1. 1. 6 1.15C 111.4 148.4 U3.9 77.8 3. 31.7 25.7 59.0 11.5 •• 2. ~ . 1. 1. 1 1.075 173.9 144.6 126.1 74.9 5. 3C.2 25.7 60.5 10.5 2. 1. 1. 9 C.975 191.9 152.C 126.7 19.2 4. 3C.2 24.5 51.8 7.2 1. 1. , 9 1.15C 195.5 148.4 133.9 79.2 4. 3C.2 59.C S.e 2. .. 10 1.025 181.0 148.4 130.3 10.6 4. 33.1 56.2 6.~ 2. 1. l. 11 1.025 11lS.2 144.a 130.3 77.8 5. 36.0 57.6 e.e ~ . 2. 1. 1. 12 C.9CC 199.1 148.4 126.7 8C.6 4. :n.7 21.4 59.0 2. 1. 1. 13 1.CSC 191.9 152.C 1.30.3 19.2 5. :7.4 21.4 64 .8 1l.5 2. 1.
14 1.125 206.3 152.0 130.3 83.5 6. 28.f.l 27.4 63.4 11.5 2. ~. i. 1. 15 C.925 152.0 131.6 nC.3 64.e 'S. 25.7 2C.2 46.1 11.5 ~ . 1. 1. 16 C.e2S 1"13.8 BC.:! 112.2 69.2 3. 21.4 21.f: 53.3 lC.l •• 2 • 1. 1. 17 c.aoc 152.0 123.1. 10a.6 10.6 3. 24.5 51.8 lC .1 1. 1. .9 1.15e 233.6 115.2 146.0 83.5 5. 4C.3 3e.9 72 .0 11.5 2. ;: . 1. 19 1.275 2C6.3 1'59.~ 14~. 8 72.c '5. 33.1 31.1 59.0 9.C 2. ". 1. 2C X c.ee3 1t2.9 BC .: 12.3.1 61.3 3. C.O C.C c.e 0.0 C.C c. 2. i. 1. 21 X C.O 175.2 1'52.0 140.0 76.3 '5. 34.6 21.4 7.2 e3 .4 13.C ,. 2. 1 • 22 X C.57!; 150.C 131.C 123.0 69.1 4. 2~.7 21.t 0.0 c.e •• 2. ~ . 1. 23 X C.875 162.9 121:.1 le!!.O 73.4 3. 27.4 2C.2 C.C c.c c. ". 24 X C.550 1f1~.f.l nl.4 116.9 74.9 4. 30.2 3C.2 C.C 0.0 c.e ;:. 2. ~ . 1. 1 • 25 X 1.COC 0.0 C.C 0.0 81.2 4. 3C.2 21.e 0.0 c.c C. 2. 1. 1. 20 X C.95C o.c C.C C.O c.e o. c.c C.t C.C 0.0 C.C e. 2. 1. I. 27 X 1.l5C 195.5 148.4 126.7 C.c o. C.O C.C C.C 0.0 c.e 2. 1.
INSTAll 4
SPECI"E'l STA~C4RCllATICN SET OF V.RIAALES "IU"SER 4 5 6 1 Ie 11 12 13 14 15 i6 1 1.425 239.9 1Q5.5 113.8 103.7 6. 40.3 f!3.5 13.C 2. 3. 2 1.3ec 246.2 195.5 117.4 115.2 6. 43.2 ~.e 85.C 13 .C z. 2. ~. 1. 3 1.415 235.3 l'll.9 lt2.9 103.7 7. 4C.3 5.e 19.2 11.5 ,. 2. 1. 4 1.4CC 253.4 181.0 159.3 102.2 5. 4C.3 83.5 ll.~ 2. 5 1.425 22R.l 199.1 1N.I lCC.1! 5. 4e.l 86.4 11.5 ". 2. J. I • 6 1.5ec 241).2 191.Q 170.1 103.7 5. 38.9 eo." 11.5 2. 3. 3. 1. 7 1.45C 231.7 l'H.9 113. e 96.5 5. 41.8 11.R 2. 3. ~ . 1. 9 1.315 235.3 le4.~ \59.6 ICc.!! 6. n.4 73.4 , . 2. ::!. 9 1.225 1131.C 1 ~ 'I. 3 96.5 5. 4:.2 8.e e5.C 10 1.375 21f.l.1 19':1.1 166.5 106.7 IJ. 47.5 8.t: lC5.1 11 1.5CC 2116.C 21C.C 110.1 115.2 8. 49.0 1.2 108.C 14.e ~ . 2. ~ . 3. 1. 12 1.3ce 213.5 1H.C 162.9 11C.9 6. e5.C D.C :!. 13 1.C5C 188.2 In.1! 137.6 108.C 4e.l :!4.e s.e 85.u 13 .e 3. 1. 14 C.715 233.6 IP.9.8 175.2 108.C 6. 4C.3 31.4 76.3 1C.1 ;: . 1. :; . 1. 15 C.BB 262.8 115.2 146.0 106.t 6. 3f:.0 2€.€ 8'5.C •• 1 • 3 • 1. 16 C.P.l; 233 .6 1119.1' IIlC.O le3.7 6. 3e.C 31.7 79.2 l~.C i. 17 1.45C 210 .0 19':1.! 113.8 108.C 6. ~e.'1 s.c 85.0 D.C :l. 1. 11! 1. 3'>0 235.3 181.1l 15'1.3 101l.C 6. 41.!" 31:.C 79.2 11. ~ 2. !. 3. 1. 1':1 1.4CC 224.4 191.9 ltc.5 10C.1> e. 41." ~~.c 14.9 13 .C ~ . 2C X 1.76C 257.C 2C2.7 1.1-'.8 112.~ 7. 43.2 3€.9 7.2 C.C e.e 21 X e.c ,-n.b 2C4.4 1f!9.8 125.3 8. ~7.b e.e 0.0 C.C 22 X I.SOC 21.14.3 184.6 1'59.3 108.0 7. 43.2 34.e ~.e C.C c.e 2. 1. 23 X 1.425 0.:: C.C c.c 102.1 5. 44.1 c.e e.e C.O c.e ". 2. 24 )( C.:) 248.2 19t.O 103.7 6. 4C.3 H.9 0.0 C.C 2. 1. 25 X 1.375 233.6 189.8 l7u.C 9C.~ ~. ~9.4 !~.3 7.e 0.0 c.c 2. 2. ~. ;. 1. x • SPr.CI~E~c ~ITH ~ISSI~G "EASURE~E~T5. NCT LSec IN'l~E ~CLTIPL~ OISCRI~I~A~T FLNCTlc~ A~ALY5ES INSTAR DETERHINATION DATA AP 21 Appendix table 1 -- continued. tNSTAR 5
SPECII'EN STA~CARDIZATIDN SET OF VbRIABlES NUMBER 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ie 11 12 13 14 15 16 1.COO 24il.2 204.4 18"1.8 93.6 13 .C :: . 2. 3. 3. 1. 2 1. 'lee 35C •. 4 ~4t.2 220.8 141.1 7. E.6 lCO.8 14.4 :. :: . 2. 3 1.30C 350.4 242.5 ?lC.O 115.2 7. 47.5" lC.l 93.6 14.4 ~ . 2. 4 1.80C 311.3 231.7 199.1 129.6 3. 49.C 7.2 113. B 14.4 :: . 3. 3. 2. 5 1.800 '318.6 231.7 199.1 132.5 7. 47.5 47.5 109.4 14.4 3. 3. 3. 2. 6 1.775 Z89.6 231.7 195.5 132.5 7. 51.a 7.2 lCO.O 13 .C 3. 2. 1 1.225 21ll.4 224.4 202.7 12 •• 6 7. 43.2 7.2 97.9 13 .C 3. 2. 8 2.225 365.0 255.0 224.0 139.2 8. 63.4 5C.4 1C.l 116.0 14.4 :: . 3. 2. SPEC lIlE~' STA~CARCllATICN SET OF VARI4BLES NUM6F.R 2 4 5 6 7 e 9 Ie 1l 12 13 14 15 1(: 3.6CC 423.4 306.6 194.'J 8. 86.4 15.e 160.1 4. : . 3. ~. 2 3.l2C 438.0 319.6 321.2 199.5 8. 77.e 13.C 148.5 IS.S ~. 2. 3 2.84C 40B.e 321.2 262.8 199.1 12. 72.0 S.6 142.6 15.8 4. 4 2.5CO 394.2 315.r, 262.8 1117.9 11. 79.2 e.1: It:7.C IS.!> t.. 3. :3 10 5 452.6 423.4 365.0 l'U.9 B. 74.2 it: .2 141.5 13.<; 4. 3. 2. 6 2.800 4311.0 ,!35.9 300.0 178.6 9. 66.2 13 .C 153.1 15.8 ~. 3. 3. 2. 7 2.I:OC It 313.0 335.e 292.0 17e.(: 'J. 74.9 14.4 12<).9 15.a 4. 3. .3 • 2. 8 2.64C 365.0 306.6 255.0 167.0 a. 72 .e 143.8 15.8 :. j. 3. 2. 9 2.f.lCC 379.6 B~.8 277.4 181.0 8. 70.6 14.4 155.4 1~.P. 4. 2. Ie 306.0 280.0 233.6 157.8 8. 64.8 lC .1 132.2 14.4 :: . ~ . 3. 2. 11 2.eec 394.2 321.2 277.4 171.7 9. 67.7 6C.~ le.l 139.2 15.1' :. 3. 3. 3. 2. 12 2.76C 365.0 315.0 262.8 171.7 9. 79.2 5€:.2 lC .1 146.2 i4.4 4. ~ . 3. 2. D 2.12C 40>3.8 306.6 255.0 lb9.4 'I. 69.1 6e.5 11.5 143.1l 14.4 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 14 ~.COC 452.6 ~5C.4 )Oc.e U~.6 10. 77.8 51.1: 13. C 157.8 15.C 3. 2. 15 2.50C 423.4 37.1.2 277.4 ne.1! 9. 64.8 11.e 136. B 14.4 :. 3. 3. 2. 16 2.125 40a.1! 262..~ 204.4 155.4 q. H.'J 136.8 13 .C 4. 3. 2. 17 2.075 307.7 271.5 224.5 153.1 10. 63.4 151.2 17. ~ : . 2. HI 2.COC 362.0 27~.1 23S.3 IbC.1 q. 60.5 51.e 'i.e 136.8 14.4 4. 3. 3. ~ . 2. 19 X 2.10C 394.2 277.4 233.6 c.e O. e.e 43.2 13.C 142.9 14.4 4. 2C It 2.250 3~4.2 12C.0 262.8 171.7 b. 61.3 13.9 125.3 15.C C. 3. 3. 21 X 2.875 452.6 365.0 321.2 199.1 S. I:~.c 11.6 0.0 c.e t.. £ • • = S~ECIIIE~S ~tT~ ~ISS[~G ~EASU~E~E~15L ~CT USEe IN tHE "l.LTIPLE DISCRlfil/;'ANT FI.i~CTluN IlNblVSES, INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 22 Appendix table 1 -- continued. INSHR 7 SPECI~EN STA~C~RCIZATION SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 3 456 7 e 9 lC 11 13 14 15 16 1 3.938 554.8 46C.0 394.2 249.8 11. 99.4 8C.6 21.6 IB4.6 18.7 5. 3. 2. 2 4.COe 5e4.0 4e.2.6 379.6 249.8 11. 9~.5 7e.3 l4.4 181.0 le.7 : . 3. 3. 2. 3 3.960 452.6 4~2.6 394.2 250.0 10. 99.4 8:.5 2C.2 188.2 17.3 3. 2. 4 3.75C 511.0 40Q.A 365.0 238.9 11. !!5.f.l H.6 13.9 161.0 18.f 3. 2. <; 3.68C 511.0 423.4 370.0 228.1 11. 92 .2 72.C le.7 le8.2 17.3 4. 3. 3. 2. 6 3.760 525.c 408.8 150.4 231.1 11. e5.0 (;6.2 17.3 177 .4 15.8 4. 3. :3 .. 3. 2. 7 3.84C 584.C 423.4 350.4 224.4 10. 7C.e le.1 191.9 17 .3 4. 3. 3. 2. S 3.760 540.2 452.6 379.6 231.7 11. 82.1 15.tl 188.2 17.3 4. 3. 3. 2. 9 3.920 ~69.4 4313.0 365.0 224.4 10. 82.1 2C. 2 195.5 17.3 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 10 3.~6C 569.4 394.2 155.0 224.4 11. 8t.4 7:!.4 lCd 1Il4 .6 17. :3 4. 3. ~. 2. 11 3.60C 511.0 423.4 360.0 231.7 11. 93.6 87.8 15.8 191.9 15.8 3. 2. 12 3.480 481.8 40e.8 350.4 220.6 9. S7.8 H:.3 17.3 199.1 17 .3 4. 2. 13 3.160 452.6 37'7.e 34C.0 208.8 10. es.o (;3.4 8.6 162.4 14.4 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 14 3.2CO 467.2 35C.4 i?n.o 201.8 9. 9C.7 14.4 176.3 l(;.e 4. 3. 3. 2. 15 3.480 530.0 395.0 340.0 213.6 11. 97.8 82.1 1 C. 1 1e1.0 15.8 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 16 !.4BO 525.6 3')4.2 321.2 201:.3 9. 83.S 72 .0 11.5 170.1 16.C 4. '3. 3. 2. 17 3.28C 4B1. 8 394.2 335.1' 202.7 10. 82.1 72.C 11.5 173.8 le.5 4. 3. 3. 2. 18 2.725 511.0 358.0 292.0 217.2 11. 95.0 7S.2 11.5 201.6 18.7 4. 3. l,} 2.b80 470.0 335.8 270.0 213.6 11. 83.5 67.3 9.3 187.9 18.6 4. :: . 2. 20 496.4 40e.O 340.0 213.6 10. 92.2 ct .2 13.c 166.5 17 .3 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 21 4.313 642.4 4Al.8 409.8 253.4 11. 102.2 11.e 17.3 191.9 18.7 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 22 3.'13e 598.6 43!l.0 379.6 253.4 12. 95.1 95.1 2C.9 192 .6 H: .2 5. 3. 3. 2. 23 3.125 'iLl.0 394.2 350.4 220.e 11. 81.2 Ie .(; 148.5 11.6 4. 3. 3. 2. 24 3.6CC 554.!! 394.2 35C.4 213.6 11. 80.6 69.1 13.C 170.1 15.8 4. 3. :: . 2. 25 X 525.6 357.0 292.0 21c.C 13. 77 .8 77 .S 11.5 C.O C.C 4. 3. INS TAR e SPECII'EN STA~C~RCIZATICN SET OF VARIABLES NUf.l6ER 23456 7 e 9 1e 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 5.COC 598.6 481.8 423.4 278.7 12. 109.C 83.5 1(;.7 191.9 16.2 : . 3. 3. 2. 2 4.625 613.2 ~25.6 423.4 267.9 14. 113.8 1'9.3 1E.7 220.8 leo7 3. 2. 3 4.68e 700.Q 505.C 438.0 293.2 15. 116.6 83.5 21.t 213 .6 15.8 4. ; . 3. 2. 4 4.f!13 7CO.S 525.(; 438.0 289.~ 13. 11C .9 17.3 217.2 17.3 2. 5 4.H5 613 .2 525.6 452.6 271.5 13. lC5.1 14.4 195.5 17.3 2. 6 4.5CO 591l.6 491.8 423.4 271.5 10. 1C6.6 14.4 210.0 lE.7 2. 7 4.125 598.6 515.0 438.0 275.C 10. 1C9.4 17.3 213 0 6 18.7 5. 2. 8 4.COC 642.4 496.4 423.4 267.9 10. 89.3 e=.e 2 J .l: 191.9 17.3 t. 3. :: 0 2. 9 4.Cce ~54.8 496.4 438.0 278.7 12. 1C5.1 8~.4 18.7 2e2.7 20.2 5. ! • 2. 10 4.18B 613 .2 S25.e 423.4 260.6 U. IC6.6 e 5.e 17.3 210.0 18.7 3. c. 11 4.20C 584.0 4 B 1. e 438.0 215.1 12. lC2.2 e~.c 210.0 18.7 ~. 3. 3. 2. 12 4.438 642.4 4~2.6 3C7.7 12. 1C2.1 95.1 21C.C lS.e 4. 3. ~ . 3. 2. 13 4.125 613.2 4'16.4 423.4 275.0 ll. 108.6 92.13 213.6 18.6 4. 3. 2. 14 3.'138 613.2 461.2 394.2 282.4 13. 99.8 £5.e 199.5 16.~ :: . 2. 15 3.125 533 .C 438.C 3<;4.( 253.4 11. ge.5 e3.5 197 .2 111.6 4. 2. 16 4.1~8 671.6 496.4 438.0 260.6 11. 112.3 93.t 11.3 210.0 18.7 4. 3. L. 17 ~.lZ5 627.8 470.C 408.e 260.t 10. 115.2 e!:.C 17.3 210.0 17.3 4. 3. 3. 2. 16 3.50C 525.6 438.0 '423.4 278.~ 10. le1.4 115.8 32.5 2C2.7 17.C ~. 2. X • SPECl'E~S ~I1H '15SI~G 'EISURE'E~TS~ NeT USEe IN T~E ~LlTIPLE DISCRI'I~ANT FUNOTluN AN_LYSES Appendix table 1 -- contlnued. AP 23 INSTAR <) SPECII'EN STA~CARCllATICN SET OF VARIABLES NUI"SER 2 :; 456 7 e 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5.b!l8 671.0 61~.2 4fll.a 350.4 12. 12<).9 12~.C 23.2 267.9 2C.<) 1:. 3. 3. 3. '5.625 686.2 584.0 511.0 335.8 15. 13C.3 109.C 23.2 242.5 18.6 3. 3. 3. 2. 3 5.25C bB6.2 56<).4 48i.8 335.8 12. 123.0 111.4 2C.~ 249.8 2C.9 3. < • 4 5.CCC 584.0 569.4 4<)6.4 350.4 14. 123.0 132.2 27.e 260.6 2C.<) 3. 5 5.438 686.2 569.4 496.4 321.2 14. 127.6 125.3 32.5 246.2 IB.6 s. 3. 3. 2. 6 5.438 657.0 584 .C 4g0.0 365.0 14. 1~e.9 104.4 3C.2 249.6 18.6 : . 3. 2. 7 '>.375 627.~ 569.4 470.0 335.S 14. 125., l1C.<) 2e.a 239.9 lB.7 1:. 3. 3. 2. e 4.625 759.2 657.0 613.2 ~?q.6 15. I~C.3 111.4 2=.2 264.3 18.6 7. 3. 2. <) 5.COO 627.8 ~6<).4 4<)6.4 ~35.8 13. 12e.7 111.4 34.E 224.5 18.6 5. 3. 3. 3. 2. 10 5.188 657.C 5e<).4 4<)6.4 35C.4 14. 115.8 lC2.1 27.8 236.<) 2e.9 5. 3. 3. 3. 2. 11 4.875 584.0 5<)8.6 525.6 351.1 13. 133.9 112.2 32.6 246.2 18.1 6. 3. 3. 3. 2. 12 5.313 671.6 627.8 56<).4 379.6 15. 123.1 l1e.~ 32.5 275.1 18.~ t. 3. 3. 3. 2. 13 5.688 627.e 569.4 481.8 335.8 15. 122.4 109.4 25.7 238.<) 20.2 5. 3. 3. 3. 2. 14 5,125 627.8 56g.4 554.8 350.4 14. 126.7 lC9.C 31.1 235.3 16.2 5. 3. 3. 3. 2. 15 X C.O 540.2 438.0 35C.4 14. IB.<) 113.1 34.8 0.0 C.O I: • 3. 3. 2. 16 X C.G 788.4 621.8 554.8 335.9 13. 123 .1 IH .C 32.~ 0.0 c.e ( . 3. 3. 3. 2. 17 l( C.O 0.0 C.C 0.0 35C.4 13. 141.2 111.4 21.e 271.5 e. 3. .3. 3. 2. 18 X e.c 780.4 56<).4 452.6 350.4 13. 13 7.6 111.4 21.e 253.4 3" ~. 2. 1<) l( c.e 770.0 569.4 467.2 0.0 O. 13C.3 lCS.C 23.2 249.8 2. 20 X C.O 7aR.4 613.2 525.6 365.0 14. 133.<) 111.4 32.~ 238.9 18.6 2. 21 X C.C 832.2 eB.C 540.2 350.4 14. 13C .3 lCe.7 27.8 246.2 2C.9 3. 2. 22 X C.O 832.2 f,57.0 54 0.2 350.4 IS. 13C .3 11 e. 3 3C.2 246.2 18.10 -c . 2. 23 X C.C 773 .f! 613.2 525.6 35C.4 15. 123 .1 lC4.', 3<).4 23'5.3 1R.t l: • 3. 7.. 24 l( C.C 1I03.e 6()5.0 540.2 37<).6 12. 133.9 lC4.4 32.5 249.8 18.8 2. 25 X C.C 744.6 f;CC.O 525.6 358.0 14. 123.1 113.7 32.5 0.0 c.C 3. t.. 26 X 5.563 657.0 ~9B.6 518.0 335.8 12. 141.5 13e.~ 3C.2 0.0 SPECI~E~S ~ITH ~ISSI~G ~EASURE~ENTS. ~CT U~EC IN T~E ~LLTIPLE DISCAI'INANT FLNCTION ANALYSES Appendix table 2 -- Heasllrements of the test sets of ,~ustrosimullum tillyardianurn larvae INSTAR SPFCIMEN TEST SET OF VARIABLES NUr~BER 2 3 456 7 e 9 lC 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1 C.?B4 120.6 lC4.4 95.1 5C.4 3. 24. '5 C.C c.e 31.7 e.~ 1. t. 1. 2 0.569 118.3 104.4 <)7.4 51.1' 3. 21 .1: C.C c.e 30.2 S.t 1. 1. L 3 C.584 118.3 1C2.1 97.4 51.8 3. 21. 6 c.e C.C 31.7 H.e 1. 1. 1 • i. 1. 4 C.540 116.0 lC6.7 <)2.8 53.3 3. 25.7 e • C c.e 30.2 ~.(: 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 • <; C.5<)9 120.6 95.1 <)2.8 49.C 3. 23.0 c.e C.C 31.7 7.~ 1. 1. 1 • 1. 1 • 6 C.68e 119.5 <)7.7 QO.5 49.C 3. 24.5 C.C C. C 31.7 8.~ ,. 1. 1. 1. 7 C.S?; lel.4 97.7 <)2.0 21.6 C.C C.C H.l R.e 1. 1. .. . 1. 1 • 8 C.672 123.1 1~1.4 97.7 2C.2 C.C CoC 31.7 lC.l 1. 1. 1. 1. <) C.5~4 11<).5 Q1.7 <)7.7 51.8 3. 1 E .7 c.e C.C 34.6 7.2 1. 1. 1 • 1. lC C.657 105.C 91.7 96.0 5C.4 3. 2C.2 C.C c.e 36.C B.t 1. 1. 1. 1. 26-<)-71 11 0.657 12~.' 91.4 <)2.8 53.3 3. lC.2 C.C C.C 34.6 8.t 1. 1. 1 • 1. 1. 12 C.651 127.6 <)5.1 9C.5 53..3 3. 1 e .7 C • C c.e 33.C 8.~ ,. 1. 1. 1. 1. 13 C.696 116.C 91.4 QO.5 47.5 3. 1 a .7 C.C C.C 32.0 e.t 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. , 14 C.oZE 132.2 1~2.1 97.4 51.8 3. 2C.2 C.C C.C 36.0 e.t 1. 1. .. 1. 15 C.5~5 118.3 1C6.1 104.4 50.4 3. 23.1 e .C C.C 31.7 8.6 1. 1. 1. 1 • INSTAR DETERHINATION DATA AP 24 Appendix table 2 -- continued. INSTAR 2 SPECII'EN TEST SET CF VARIA8LES NUMBER 2 " 561 lC 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1 0.8'01 151.8 116. \l 125.3 63.4 4. 28.8 21.6 O.C 34.6 1 • 2. 1. 1. 2 C.774 14).8 118.3 102.1 59.0 4. 21.4 2~.C c.e 31.1 8.~ 1. 2. 1. 1. 3 C.B19 lio3.e 125.3 111.4 61.9 4. 28.8 24.5 C.C 37.4 Ie .1 1. 2. 1. 4 C.832 146.5 123.0 '19.B 61.9 4. 27.4 23.C o.e 34.6 B./: 1. 2. 1. 5 C.715 148.5 111.4 91.4 31.7 2:.C C.C 35.0 9.0 1 • 2. 1. 1. 6 0.90C 131.6 119.5 10B.6 61.9 4. 2e.8 23.C C.C 34.6 B.t 1. 2. 1. 1. 1 C.775 144.8 12(:.7 U5.S 60.5 4. 25.1 C.C 38.9 8.6 1. 2. 1 • 1. 8 C.900 162.9 123.1 112.2 21.4 c.C 37.4 a.6 1. 2. 1. 1. q 0.850 159.3 119.5 ,105.0 27.4 21.6 C.O 36.0 1C • 1 I • 2. 1. 1. 1. 10 0.1'iO 159.3 133.'l 112.2 31.7 21./: C.C 31.4 e.6 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 26-9-71 11 C.'I34 153.1 120.(:; 10'l.0 6e.2 4. 25.7 21. t C.C 3B.9 7.2 2. I • 1. 1. 12 o.en 160.1 134.6 120.6 66.2 4. 28.8 24.5 C.O 36.e 0.6 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. , 13 C.81l: 141.5 123.0 113.1 60.5 4. 23.0 2e.2 C.C 37.4 B.t 1. 2. L • 1. 1. i.4 C.934 157.8 120.6 10'l.0 60.5 4. 24.5 23.C C.C 37.0 10.• 1 1. 2. 1. 1. 15 1.C07 16'1.4 132.2 120.6 2'i.7 C.C 3R.'l 8.1: 1. 2. 1. 1. INSTAR 3 SPECI "EN TEST SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 3 456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1.125 206.3 152.0 123.1 130.6 6. 31.1 18.1 46.1 10.1 2. 3. 2. 1. 1. 2 1.175 217.2 1';'1.3 130.3 87.8 5. 3£0.0 24.5 2.<; 64.8 1C.l ;< • 2. 1 • 1.. , 3 C.975 199.1 155.7 137.6 83.5 6. 41.e ~.s 54.1 Ie .1 3. 2. 1. L. 4 1.025 206.3 l'i2.0 113.'l 7'l.2 6. 31.7 24.~ 56.2 1l.S :.i • 3. 2. 1. 5 I.C5C 210.0 1'i2.0 138.0 83.5 5. 30.2 2:.7 56.2 li.5 :.i • 2. 1 • 1. 6 1.075 213.6 155.7 130.3 83.5 59.C 11.5 :< • 3. 1. 1 • 1 1.025 213 .6 159.3 152.0 "/C. 3 5. 31.7 60.5 11.5 l. 1. 1. 8 1.25C 238.9 173.8 ll:2.9 B2.1 5. 31.4 56.2 1 C• 1 2. 3. 2. 1. 1. 9 1.225 210.C l'i5.1 141.2 80.6 5. 31.1 56.2 lC .1 ,. 3. 1 • 10 1.125 228.1 173.9 146.4 ao.!: e. 33.1 !:6.2 11.5 1. 1. 26-9-11 11 1.2CC 220.8 173.8 15'J.3 5. 34.6 25.7 5.S 61.9 lC.l , . 3. 2. 1. l2 1.C15 224.4 159.3 141.2 93.5 Ii •• 34.0 24.0 s.e 56.2 1 C. 1 2. 3. 2. 1. 13 10125 220.B 162. '} 141.2 82.1 4. 31.1 23.C 5'l.C B.t ;; . 1. 1 • 14 1.125 191.9 159.3 14S.4 11.e 4. 31.i 59.e I C .1 z. 1. 15 1.025 202.1 173.8 110.1 89.3 5. 34.6 t.C 01.9 lC.! i. 3. 2. 1.' 1. INSlI>R 4 SPfCl"'EN TEST SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 3 456 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-11 1 1.125 257.0 19'1.1 170.0 119.: 6. e1.8 3 • 1 C • 1 •• 3. 1. 2 1.45C 246.2 117.4 155.1 95.0 l:. 82.1 lC.l 2. 3. 1. :3 1.50C 242.~ 180.2 159.0 102.2 6. 19 .2 11.5 ;: . 1. 4 1.675 2(::0.6 )'1,.5 113.8 'l2.2 6. 83.5 11.5 L. 1. 5 1.5eC 246.2 199.1 184.6 102.2 6. 17.B 11.5 3. I. 6 1.75C 296.9 213.t 184.6 110.9 6. 47.5 4:.2 132.1 13.C 2. 3. 3. 1. 1 1.475 289.6 210.0 181.0 105.1 C. 41.e 83.5 •• 3. 3 • 3. 1. fj 1.17 5 311.3 224.4 202.7 119.5 6. 31'.:.C 87.8 1. 9 1.65C 289.6 202.7 177.4 108.0 '5. 43.2 3LO 85.0 3. 1. 10 1.45C 275.1 I'll. 'l 108.0 6. ~4./: 36.C 87.8 3. 1. 26-'1-71 11 1.475 211.5 202.7 170.1 6. 43.2 7.2 80.6 3. 1. 12 1.525 2'16 .8 213. (: In. 'l ~C.4 S.E 90.7 ;: . 3. 3. 1. 13 1.650 286.C 217.2 1<;9.1 6. 44./: 4C.3 !:!5.0 12.5 ". 3. 3. 1'. 14 1.315 Ze6.0 231.7 21C.C 106.~ 1. 44.6 31.4 e7. 8 13.C (. . 3. 1. 15 1. ,C C 215.1 2lC.O 195.5 105.1 1>. 43.2 36.( eO.6 1".0 2. 3. 1. INSTAR DETERl1INATION DATA AP 2f· Appendix table 2 continued. INSUR 5 SPECI"EN TEST SET OF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 3 456 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1 1.95C 3f)0.5 213.6 139.2 O. 55.1 5C.4 1C.1 97.9 11.5 ::. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2 1.e25 318.7 217.2 136 •. 9 O. 57.6 41.8 7.2 115.2 11.5 3. 2. 3 1.BOC 322.2 2,1.7 129.9 7. 56.2 44.t: 5.8 110.9 13.C :. 3. 2. 4 1.85C 3'36.7 231.7 138.2 7. ~4.7 47.5 7.2 113.8 13.C 3. 2. 5 2.2CC 29b./l 253.4 217.2 129.9 8. 54.7 43.2 7.2 lC9.A 13 .C :. ; . 3. 2. 6 2.05C 365.0 260.6 228.1 12'1.'1 7. 53.3 41'.8 8.(: lC6.6 13 .C 3. 3. 2. 7 1.625 335.8 249.8 224.4 129.9 8. 49.0 46.1 5.e 1C5.1 II, .4 3. 2. 8 1.'125 365.0 2R9.6 261.9 139.2 7. 49.0 4(:.1 7.2 109.4 B.C 3. 3. ~ . 2. 'I 2.025 365.0 2.6C.6 231.7 129.9 7. 53.3 7.2 109.4 14.4 3. 2. 10 2.000 3S0.4 251.0 231.7 125.3 7. 56.2 e.6 1C6.6 13.C :: . 3. 3. 26-9-71 11 2.25C 355.0 271.5 238.9 132.2 8. 54.1 47.5 1C.l 105.1 14.4 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 12 20125 365.C 282.4 24 g. 8 104 6.2 e. 6C.5 47.5 lC.l lC3.0 14.C 3. 13 2.050 342.0 238.9 213.6 134,6 7. 5(.4 7.2 le2.2 14.4 14 1.75C 365.0 27e.7 246.2 127.6 9. 4/:.1 e.(: 108.C 13.C 3. 3. 3. 2. 15 2.25C 350.4 24c.2 220.8 125.3 B. 51.8 47.5 7.2 lCO.8 13.C 3. 3. 2. tNSTAR c SPEC II'EN TEST SET CF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 4 5 6 7 e 9 lC 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1 2.5CC 408.8 277.4 233.6 169.4 9. 59.C 7.2 120 .6 U.C 3. 3. 2. 2 2.840 43!l.O 321.2 262.8 105.6 'I. f:7.7 lC.l 139.2 11.5 3. 3. 2. 3 2.5CC 423.4 312.6 233.6 174.C 9. H.2 1C.l 136.9 13.3 :: . 3. 3. 3. 2. 4 2.100 379.6 24~.2 2C4.4 174.0 10. 1':4.8 1C.l 127.6 14.C 3. 3. ::. 2. 5 2.800 452.6 312.6 262.8 11'15.6 9. ~4.8 s.(: 148.5 14.C 3. 3. 3. 2. 6 2.C15 3'l4.2 2B2.4 246.2 153.1 54.1 le.l lC5.1 1"'.4 ~. 2. 1 2.C5C 379.6 275.1 242.5 141.5 5/:.2 e.c 122.4 14.4 3. 3 .. :::. 2. 8 2.600 423 .4 782.4 253.4 157.8 8. 61.'l .5C.'" 7.2 136.9 15.e :: . 3 • 3. 2. 9 2.275 42 j.4 264.3 16C .1 'I. e6.2 51.8 7.2 134.6 14.4 3 • 3. 2. 10 2.375 438.0 278.7 171.7 7. 73 .4 c4.8 1e.l 136.9 13. e 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 26-9-71 11 2.64C 438.C ?04.C 257.0 167.0 fl. 69.1 54.7 e.6 136 .9 14.4 :: . 3. 3. ? • 12 2.68C 452.6 321.2 27C.0 169.4 t7.9 57.(; !l.t 127.6 l~.e 3. 3. 3. 2. 13 2.56C 460.C 312.0 277.4 164.7 7"t.9 59.C ll.~ 132.2 3. 14 2.6~0 467.2 HC .0 30b.6 1'l2./; 9. 5<;.e 13.C 123.0 lS.S 4. 2. 15 2.46C 423.4 321.2 2Au.C 157. e c1.9 57.t: 132.2 15.€ 3. ~. 2. INSTl>R 7 SPECI~EN TEST SET [F VARIABLES NUMIIER 1 4 5 6 7 9 Ie 11 12 l.'" 15 3-4-71 1 '.2ec 540.2 394.2 335.11 192.6 10. 26.4 CC.5 H:4.7 14.4 "'. 3. 3. 2. ~<':5.0 306.6 199.5 10. 7'l.2 H.2 l:.C 153.1 13 .C 3 • 3. 2. 2 ~.28C 511.0 "'. ., 3 ~. 31lC 554.8 179.6 335.8 217.2 10. €7.e 64.8 15.C 174. C 15.2 3. . ~. 2. 3. 2. 4 ~.C8e 496.4 3~C.4 30e.6 192.6 10. €2.1 lC.l 11';2.0 14.4 3. 5 3.coe 52,.6 4ce.~ 34t. C 217.2 10. 82.1 Ie 01 114.(. 14.4 3. 3. 2. .1 11.~ 4. 3. 3 to I> 2.<;60 '" 81. 8 292.C 2"'R.2 lIll.C 'l. 72.C 1C 150.8 4 • 7 ~. 12C 540.2 31Q.6 306.6 213.6 10. €C.6 lC.l H2.4 14.4 8 :.4CO 525.6 365.C 3C6.6 117.2 'l. 8C.6 64.€ 11.5 150.1'1 15. e 4 • :3 • 3. 2. 9 2.~6C 525.6 3B.6 321.2 INSTAR a SPECI"EN TEST SET CF VARIABLES NUMBER 2 3 456 7 3-4-71 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4.CCC 642. i t 452.6 379.6 238.9 11. 95.0 14. " 197.2 14.4 4. 3. ~ . 3. 2 4.125 657.0 511.0 408.8 246.2 12. 96.5 14.4 192 .6 15.S 4. 3. 2. 3 4.125 657.C 4Al.E 40e.8 246.2 12. 95.0 1",4 204.2 le.7 3. 2. 4 ~.93e 627.8 491.e 39 ... 2 257.0 13. 97.9 79.2 14.4 1<;5.0 15 .C 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 5 4.250 627.8 <438.0 365.0 249.8 9. 86.4 69.1 14.4 178.6 IS.7 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 6 ;.7SC 642.4 46C.C 39<4.2 267.<1 13. 108.0 7".9 2C.2 193.0 lS.e 4. 3. 3. Z. 7 ;.875 650.C 4~2.6 379.6 271.5 12. 89.3 e5.C 11.5 199.1 17.3 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. a It.25C 627.8 467.2 3B.6 260.6 13. 105.1 13. C 210.0 18.7 3. 2. q 4.438 642.4 496.4 40S.e 253.4 12. lCC.a ac.!: Ie.7 210.0 17.3 2. 10 4.125 642.4 4Bl.6 408.8 253.4 13. lC9.4 74.9 1<4.4 195.5 17.3 3. 3. 2. 26-9-71 11 4.625 671.6 5C~.0 438.0 257.0 12. lC3.7 8C.6 15.8 195.5 Ie.7 ~. 3. 3. 2. 12 S.18!! 710.0 525.6 467.2 271.5 11. lCn.O 7<;.2 25.7 195.'5 18.1 3. 2. 13 4.25C 671.6 'i 11.0 452.6 253.4 11. lC8.0 1'7.2 24.5 184.6 17.3 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 14 4.lell 657.C SH.C 438.0 267.9 12. lec.S BC.6 15.1' 191.9 20.2 3. 3. 2. 15 3.688 642.4 226.1 10. 99.4 !!s.c 14.4 195.5 17.3 3. 3. 2. tNSTAR 9 SPEClfJEN TEST SET OF vARIABLES NUMBER 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 3-4-71 1 4.75C 710.0 525.0 452.6 301.7 13. 115.2 H<; .4 le.7 238.9 2C.2 "- . 3. :: . 3. 2. 2 5.125 730.0 540.2 438.0 304.0 13. 112.3 9l..2 2e.s 224.4 15.e 5. 3. 2. 3 4.bBS 715.4 554.8 467.2 311.3 12. 118.1 llt .6 24.e 220.a 14.4 2. 4 4.93E 700.8 5~4.8 452.6 318.6 12. 119.5 ll2.3 2€. e 238.9 18.7 !: • 3. 3. 2. 5 5.43S 759.2 5~9.4 46C.0 325.8 13. 122 .4 9~.C lE.7 249.8 le.7 ~ . ~. 3. 2. 6 5.625 759.2 569.4 496.4 336.7 14. 128.2 lCC.S 2C.2 246.2 le.7 3. 3. 2. 7 5.125 715.4 51;9.4 511.0 31L3 Ie. 11e .1 1 Cg.4 2f.e 246.2 18.7 ~ . 2. 8 5.313 7'59.2 ~98.6 511.0 322.2 17. 129.6 lce.C le.7 238.9 ~ . 3. 3. 2. 9 4.625 '115.4 ~~4.8 48l.8 307.7 12. 116.6 101:.6 14.4 240.0 19.C 2. 10 4.813 722.C 569.4 467.2 1;:5.3 lCC.E IE.7 224.4 20.2 ~ . z. 2. 26-9-71 11 5.8).3 773.8 5g~.6 525.6 33C.0 14. 1 C/:. 6 25.7 264 .3 20.2 3. 2. 12 5.68!! 773.8 598.6 511.0 350.4 14. 10S.1 21.6 257.C le.7 ~ . 3. 1) 5.93S 765.C 58<4.C 4%.4 321.2 14. 116.6 lC5.1 '3C.2 249.8 le.7 3 II) .3 • 2 • 14 5.150 759.2 I:oe.c 496.4 330.0 15. 138.2 02.; 3C.2 226.1 18.7 3. 3. 2. 15 5.C63 730.0 '325.6 ;06.6 13. 125.3 lC3.7 25.7 242.6 'le.7 3. 3. 2. INSTAR DETERHINATION DATA AP 27 Appendix tabla 3 -- Standardization set of discriminant function equations for Austrosimulium tillyardianum larvae. DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS EeUATIONS T0 CISCRI~INATE BEThEEN INSTIR5 2 4 C 1 e S VARI~BLES USED 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 <) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PIS TAR CONSTIINT COEFFICIENTS -1617.51343 ,. 0.29525 0.48266 2.181':65 -2.78132 1.96134 -1.80956 -2.32180 t7.5E453 11.44794 1 B.46C33 247.01123 0.0 2 -2028.91290 0.30864 0.56933 -1.25585 1.12~<1 -3.8C559 1.10308 -2.07160 57.27242 10.<;2913 23.23247 245.71352 0.0 -4205. nO}4 ,. 0.56690 0.S7254 3.22089 2.14714 -5.15230 2.50012 1.15043 I.C2033 El.I':IC24 3<; .13<; 5'1 eS.53493 481. 93848 250.55069 O.C 4 -e232.16197 ,. C.76147 0.74541 .26260 3.e4<;SO 2.98Cl'1 -1':.554C2 4.45560 1.19890 4.90624 .702C9 le9. CISCRI~I~ANT FLNC1IC~ ECLATIONS EtUATlnNS TC CfSCRI~INATE BETWEEN INSTARS 2 3 4 C 7 8 <; VARI~BLES USED 2 3 " 5 7 8 9 10 11 f"STAR CONSTlliH .; COEFfiCIENTS 1 -44.03551 * C.04476 -0.17023 0.20712 (.74525 -0.05971 6.554.19 -C.84709 -0.1 .. 513 2 -43.4C523 * 0.076'15 -0.16489 0.17141 0.29734 -C.460'l0 6.206]7 C.c3752 ( .40592 3 -56.714.'~6 * C.C9101 -0.22687 0.2C3ee 0.3eC16 -0.21186 6.73989 (.laese 4 -ee.'14852 .; C.09554 -0.26335 0.2157C 0.44817 -C.Ob341 7.66713 (.15711 C.13206 -133.02S<)9 0.13275 -0.31312 0.55339 0.07298 7.94628 C.794<;4 0.195C4 C.l03CO 6 -195.42111 .. C.12356 -0.291.81 0.7;;250 (.<;501:2 0.26654 1.7550C 0.2(:31::5 7 0.17076 -0.37020 0.31354 0.91406 0.42387 8.04653 1.15535 C.31147 -399.70166 « C.l H38 -0.37518 0.3339~ C.42118 a.22C77 1.32312 (.372(5 -581.64600 ~ 0.10245 -0.35<)43 0.27347 1.7H47 0.45786 7.51780 0.97839 C.23423 CISCRI~I~ANT FLNCT!O~ ECLAT IONS ECUATIONS TC CrSr.RI~INATE BETwEEN iNST~RS 2 :J.> 't1 '0 SELECTION ••••• 1 VA'UABLES USED 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1(: o SELECTION ••••• 2 VAf.(I~BlES USED 2 :3 4 5 7 8 " 10 11 o ::3 [NSTAR CONSTANT CCEFFICIE!\TS M- H * I-'" Z :J Cil 1 -3228.80469 6.91992 1.59431 -8.024:8 14.76935 -21.75316 -13 .57976 31.25919 ~ ..., '" 168.45453 0.0 (I) ::> $l. ::0 2 -:772.16211 8.21910 4.444:5 -13.16782 14.2<;2':12 -27.36043 -7.39%4 37.28635 * 186.14847 c C.O f:4 t';J ::0 :;:: SELF.CTION ••••• 3 VAR!ABLES USED 4 >; 10 H INS TAR CCNSTANT '" CCEFFICIEt\TS ...,~ 1 -421.04639 ,. 3.13978 5.31359 7.55597 H ~ 2 -515.54517 ,. !.3'l404 6.26962 7.98749 S; ;; SELECTION ••••• 4 VARIABLES USED 5 10 INSTAR CONSTANT '" CCEFF rCtEl\ TS -289.46045 '" 5.01039 9.02853 2 -36'-.09717 '" 5.'11399 'l.62952 SF.L~CTION ••••• 5 IIAP.IAIlLES USED 1 2 INS TAR C[NSTANT * CCt;.FFICIEI\TS 1 -44.40ClC3 '",. 2.59918 0.77901 2 -85.14362 1:1.25349 1.03744 ...,!l> ro ()) SEL~CTION ••••• 6 VM!IAllLF.S USED 4 5 IiIISTAfl CO~ISTANT '" CL:EFFICIE~TS '1 -317.79468 * 3.69685 5.5202C 2 -4CC.16333 * 3.9A504 6.4eSC2 CISCRI~I~ANT FlNCTIQ~ EClAT IONS ECUATIONS Te CISCRI~INATE PETwEEN INSTARS 2 :3 "Ci"" '1:1 (.) 0 Zl SELECTION ••••• 2. VARIABLES USED 2. 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 <1- ...... Z INSTAR CONSTANT ,. CCEFFICIE~TS ::l IJ) >-3 ..(1) :> 2 -154.60875 .. C.12301 0.36085 0.641072 3.((575 0.89654 -C.97650 -4.15584 0- ::0 -3.06524 8.69417 t;j 3 -207.07410 -C.31485 0.72344 0.95465 3.535(:7 C.loen -C.56661 1.4o~.'!l >-3 * -1.41557 6.09no t:g .....~ z SELECTION ••••• 3 VARIABLES USED 4 5 10 :.> >-3 INSTAl{ CONSTANT Cr:EFFICI fl\TS H * 0 2 -103.70772 * 1.1P.709 2.07350 -1.C3!i76 :a: :3 -101.02100 ,. 1.34255 2.1982S -O.4C:3E4 $: >-3 :.> SELFCrrON ..... " VARIABLES USED 5 10 INS TAR CONSTANT " CCEFFIClFNTS 2 -65.34488 " 2.05991 O.H6e2 3 -111.95235 " 2.18288 C.955~2 SELECTION ••••• 5 VARIABLF.S USED 1 2 INSTAR CONSTANT " CCEFFICIEIITS 2 -33.~8i"1 lE.S7436 0.34420 :> * ." .3 -54.41144 " 34.<4857P 0.3811'4 ~ SElECTICN ••••• (: liAR I MILES US!:D 4 5 INSTAll CCNSTArH " CCEFF rCIEI\ TS 2 -97."15786 " C.98C65 1.57952 3 -16C.14734 '* 1.26.206 2.00564 DrSCRI~I~ANT F~NCTIC~ EC~ATICNS EQUATIO~S Te DISCRI~INATE BETwEEN INST~RS ; 4 > '0 '0 SELECTION ••••• 1 VA~IA~LES USED 2 '3 4 5 6 7, 8 <) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (/) ;:> c. INSTAR CONSTA~T * COEFFICIENTS .... 3 -lC490.07812" C.74073 20.52<)94 €55C9 25.0983<) <;.C0828 -7.539CO -3.20526 >< -4.6C403 5.797~6 7C2C9 3:8.1(C10 -41.C6CS6 218.24380 -1.27 .2497C <+ 1 III 0.0 0.0 c:T I-' 4 -18116.69922" 1.1>2233 24.25664 24.111C:2 28.c2276 '44 - 303 -7.751C9 .17491 0 SELECTION ••••• 2 VARIABLE:S USED 2 3 4 5 7 B 9 10 11 0 p INSTAR CONSTANT >I> COEFFtCIE~TS ,...<+ H ,. P §i 3 -221.86925 -0.2H71 1.84!!<;9 C.C<;CC4 3.1<;916 C.34113 -2.54536 7.2'B04 I:: 1-'3 -0.678n 3.9537C SEL ~C T!or~ ••••• 5 VAR I ViLES USED 2 I'IS TAR CCN'iTA"'T ~ CCEFFICIE~TS 3 -3'1.22371 ~ 1<;.22400 C.30'552 > 4 -59.37392 '" 2;.136562 0.37473 "Cl W 0 SELECTION ••••• (, VARIABLES USEO 4 5 INSTAR CniSlANT '" CCEFFICIEHS 3 -153.48'511 ~ 1.01207 2.25920 4 -26!'.2C264 '" 1.2'0534 ~.15536 OISCP.I~I~ANT FLNCTIC~ ECLATICNS Ecu~TIONS TC nISCRI~I~ATE eETWEE~ INSTARS ~ 5 :0- "0 4 -77 .04D18 >I< 1.41~12 0.06180 5 -131.15479 >10 1.'32~56 G.t06:2 SELECTIO'J ••••• 5 VAR IAi'LES USEe 2 I"lS TA R C(1'11$TANT ,., CCEFFICIEHS 4 -2A.6G477 » 6.1:>(;050 0.2C739 > ,., '11 5 -55.12185 £.1>4542 0.2870<: (,) f-J Sf.:L~CTII.1" ••••• 6 VA in AflL ES USED <, 5 INS TAR CONSTANT .. CCEFFICIEf\TS 4 -S'l.S'l276 " (.41421 1.2417C 5 -11:'1.'571'15 ,., C.<;<'C33 1.P4'lCf' CISCRI~I~ANT FlNCTIC~ EClATIONS !> >t:I EClATIONS TC CI5CRI~I~ATE BET~EEN I~ST~RS 6 '0 m ~ .a..... SELECTIO"l ••••• 1 VARIABLES USED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ~ INSTAll. CONS HINT '* COEFFICIENTS SELECTION ••••• 5 VARIMlLFS USED 1 2 :> iNSTAR CC'NSTA'H '* CCEFFICIE"TS 0.19247 Co>'" 5 -=4.40'167 .. 3.237<)2 t'V 6 -53.~465'J >I> 6.49379 0.21347 SELECTION ••••• 6 \lARIARLES USED 4 5 INSTAR CC'lI;STANT >I> CCf'FFICIE~TS '5 -6C.9C714 " C.02472 0.84903 6 -lCC.99416 * C.C2221 1.101l21l CISCRJ~I~ANT FlNCTIO~ ECLATICNS :> 't:I ECUATIONS TC CISCRIYINAT~ eET~EEN INSTIRS t 7 't:I ~ ....A- SELECTION ••••• 1 VARIABLES USEO 2 3 " 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X INSTAR CONSTANT CCEFFICIENTS III '" 0'"'" I-' 6 -342C(.09:31S 1.91!S76 -12.03190 12.1cn~2 7. 7':127'1 .e2H4 -18.53014 -3.9;:;171 '" -25.1;228 -1C .:39Cl8 4e5.48e47 3;:3.715(9 ~5~~" c.e C.C 0.0 0.0 U) 7 -52474.5E:250 2.43017 -14.53723 15.1~6~4 9.27134 2<;.775::3 -22.85425 -5.Q8596 '" -:1.41353 -0.47309 5C3.14844 3e7.81934 34C.8ZeEE: C.C C.O C.O C.O (',) 0 ::> C1- H .... Z SELECTION ••••• 2 VA"lIABLES USEe 2 :3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 ::> ;:; ~ ,. SEL~CTION ••••• 4 VI"rARLES USED 5 10 IIljSTA~ CONSTANT * CCEFFICIEUS 6 -102.77483 * C.47695 0.832C4 7 -163.7877Z >I< 0.62C77 1.C2747 SfLEC TteN •• ••• 5 V.ARI ABLES USED 2 :.. INSTAR CCil/STANT '" CCEFFICIEI<. IS "" 6 -38.32561 '" e.39a04 0.14957 '" 7 -67.38263 * e.8'B89 0.19555 SELECTION ••••• 6 I/hRlllfllES USED 4 ,; INST IR CCNSTANT * CCEFFICIE~TS 6 -1!6.283'i7 * -C.Oc829 0.88621 7 -loe.07937 * -C.10782 1.123'19 CISCAr~I~4NT FLNC'IO~ EGLATIeNS EGUATInNS TC DISCRl~INATE BETWEEN INSTARS 7 8 :> 't:1 SELECTION ••••• 1 VIR lAB LES USED 1 2 3 4 5 6- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 't:1 G) INSTtlR CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS ::> '" JQ. 7 -27243.48047 .17563 2.03778 14.97101 8.C2622 -1C.66538 7.8e241 .... '" .24C71 -75.77213 ee.ee214 3'<1.C961;4 c.e O.C >< .0 0.0 .... !l) ,. 0- a -35432.46875 2.300i 8 -1. 17.3"C11 9,"22!1 -12.42761 8.65<;92 f-' -86.401 4 ZE9. <;2.4I4C5 3<;2.C55lS c.e 0.0 (!) 0.0 c.J SELECTION ••••• :2 VARIABLES USED :2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 0 0 INSTAR CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS :::J I-l *' .... ::.: 7 -221.9216<1 C.05H2 -0.39294 0.63517 0.51C04 o .COle5 -e.54665 -1.12415 .... '" 1.4~O27 1.74'112 ::> ~ l:: :::a:> e -301.72681 .. C.04835 -C.43495 C.14C14 O.tH59 -C.CIl!4 -C.65432 -1.413115 JQ... 1.11e30 0.8856"1 ~ ~ :::aI:'Il SELECTION ••••• 3 VARIABLES USED 4 5 10 :;:: H INSTAR CO,STANT CCEFFlCIE~TS ~ '* ~ 7 -198.06531 C..22816 C.40823 1.227<:6 H * 0 8 -271.677'l8 ,. C.26906 C.54239 1.35111 ::.: ~ ~ SELECTION ••••• 4 VARIABLES USED 5 10 :> IN S TAR C(,NSTANT * CCEFFICIEI\TS 7 -188.~9337 >10 o. n 735 1.17990 a -258.5C586 * C.<;lC692 1.29526 SELECTION ••••• 5 VAqI~RLES U~EO 1 2 I'lS TAR ceNSTANT ,. CCEFFICIEHS 7 -6C.68672 '* f;.~71:60 O.18f'6~ 8 -82.9828'1 ,. 7.68869 C.21777 :> 't:1 SEL=CTION ••••• 6 \JAR IARLES USED '" 5 .,.;:.:> INSTAR C(NSTANT '* CCEFFICIEI\TS 7 ".1lP..27'BO * C.15399 0.80721 8 -174.97667 * C.1874C C.9811:2 CISCRl'I~ANT FUNCTION E'lITION5 F.CUATIONS TC CISCRl'INATE BETWEEN INSTARS e 9 ~ '1::! "0 :; (1) SELECTION ••••• 1 VAR I A.BLES USED 1 2 :> 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ::> p, INSTAR CONSTA.NT CCEFFICIENTS .... * X -ll.91:~e 8 -52287.65625 5.40906 '5.50390 5.42411 -2e.20444 37.21622 2.47344 <1- * 61.61565 -t:.37778 40.28711 417.~2(:71 2e4.CHES c.c C.O e> e.c 0.0 cr i-' 9 -73851.37500 6.43991 E:.27315 -13. 736~4 6.51616 -23.58150 .72757 2.224108 a SELECTION ••••• 2 IIARJABL:::S USED 2 3 4 :; 7 8 9 10 II 0 ::. H INSTAR CONSTANT CCEFFICIEHS ....<1- Z * l::J ~ 8 -935.09229 O. 59~44 -C.14016 0.2'B15 1.37020 4.420::9 1.53077 7.91383 ,;: >- III !:O '" -2.01529 41.03751 p, 9 -1283.65~94 0.63434 -0.09387 0.27314 l.7e944 S.17618 2.26140 9.C4911 . til * -2.41257 45.49091 1-3 trJ !:O::;::: H SELECTION ••••• 3 liAR IABlE S USED 4 5 10 S INSTIIR CCr.S1MT CCEFFICIEHS 1-3 H " 0 8 -233.5S971 " C.12<:14 0.69156 l.cacce Z 9 -353.7417C C.1C286 O.Q92~4 1.244C9 ~ " 1-3 " SELECTION ••••• 4 \lARIIlBlES USED 5 10 I"ISTAR CONSTANT '* CCEFFICIEIITS 8 -22Q.69U8 " O.84u17 1.1C521 9 -35C.97754 " 1. t1244 1.26532 SELECTION ••••• 5 IIAPIABLES USED 1 2 INSTA.R CONSTA.NT " CCEFFICIENTS E -1(C.01627 ,. 15.73068 0.21817 9 -128.91449 n.8CC81 0.21062 " "r:J" w SELECTIO~ ••••• 6 liAR UBLES USED 4 5 en INST!\R CClliSUI\T " CCEFFTCIEUS -176.19507 '" 0.16413 1.02667 9 -277.~AG57 * (.15122 1.37146 INS TAR DETERHINATION DATA AP 36 Appendix table 4 -- Discriminant values of the standardization set of Austrosimulium t1llyardianum larvae in the standardization set of discriminant function equations. VALUES FOR INSTAR 1 USING 16 VARIABLES VALUES FOR DI5CRI~I~ANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS SPEClfiEN NUMBEk 1234'56789 1 IB11 17C8 1087 -725 -3435 -8386 -15794 -22209 -,5215 2 1479 1359 590 -1443 -4340 -95?0 -11188 -23168 -37(7C 3 1537 1416 687 -1292 -4143 -9270 -16812 -23415 -36626 4 1553 1436 709 -1268 -4112 -9234 -16822 -23355 -36569 5 1103 1591 947 -918 -3656 -8644 -16093 -225~2 -~~~76 6 1901 leCe 1262 -465 -306~ -1e8C -15145 -21458 -342e7 7 1454 1325 581 -1413 -4275 -9411 -17039 -23593 -36E15 8 1523 1402 664 -1330 -4191 -9330 -16943 -2:490 -36114 9 1550 14 ?8 706 1265 -4107 -9222 16811 -2;343 -3f~31 10 1541 1429 701 -1276 -4123 -9249 16842 -2~3eO -36~96 11 lO2a 1512 e29 -1090 -3879 -8925 -16442 -22922 -36C32 12 1116 1601 <;64 -(198 -3630 -B61e -lfC51 -22492 -35545 VAl~ES FCR INSTAR 2 USING 16 VARIABLES vALUF.S FeR OlSCRl~[hANT FUhCTICN EC~bTIONS SPECltlEN NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 1 1862 1985 1508 -344 -3C48 -BOC3 -15406 -21e12 -~41€5 2 1880 2012 1541 -295 -2980 -7910 15288 -21670 -~4601 3 1881 19<;9 1558 -265 -2915 -1610 -1~144 -21497 -34397 4 1784 leA4 1366 -539 -3305 -8334 -15823 -<229C -3:3~e 5 2046 21'i9 1110 33 -2551 -7372 -14623 -2C923 -~3736 6 1978 21C5 1651 -153 -21!24 -7734 -15090 -21460 -343E3 7 1957 20fll . H32 -168 -2815 -7693 -15C23 -21371 -34247 VALLES FeR I~STAR 3 USING 16 VARIABLES VALUES FCR CISCRI~INANT FU~CTICN ECUATIONS SPECI"EN NUMBER 13456 7 8 9 1 3617 3978 4563 3571 2021 -1648 -7675 -13119 -24492 2 3545 39CC 4424 3502 lE9C -1804 -7e43 -13298 -<4tS9 3 3591 39~7 4509 3620 204'i -loC3 -7593 -13014 -24355 4 3422 3117 4240 3237 1544 -2254 -e402 -13931 -2~46E 5 3353 3712 4144 3091 1361 -2489 -8687 -142~1 -25E3C 6 3519 3915 4358 3396 1721 -2040 -~leO -1:672 -2515~ 7 3511 3864 4265 3415 1767 -1902 -eC53 -13545 -24~~6 8 2822 314C ~358 1989 -26 -4217 -leBCC -lfcle -2e~IC q 36~C 4135 3085 1379 -2429 -e598 -14134 -25t47 10 3156 34~4 3853 2695 664 -309'5 -9428 -15(19 -2619C 1l 3242 3592 4C06 2922 1163 -2711 -e949 -14537 -2613C 12 3224 3~71 ~'i98 2908 1174 -2673 -EBS5 -1445C -2tCl~ 13 3834 42eb 4 Q 5'1 4126 267? -814 -t~39 -11955 -231Cl 14 3751 4121 4729 3930 2421 . -1144 -1045 -12414 -23t6C 15 2185 3C~7 3176 1693 -5C5 -491C -11123 -1111< -3C(C2 16 3C73 ~3<;3 3675 2436 49C -361C -10C97 -1:8cP -27176 17 2983 3303 2255 254 -39C7 -10461 -1628e -2E252 18 4486 4'116 5827 4e€S 1625 -~722 -E711 -19:C9 19 3356 3126 3 .. 43 1445 -2355 -85C7 -14C32 -25~4e INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 37 Appendix table t1 -- continued. VALUES FeR INSTAR 4 USING 16 VARIABLES ~ALU~S FeR CISCRI"'I~ANT FUNCTICN ECUATICNS SPECI",EN NUMBER 2 '3 4 5 7 8 <; 1 5527 5998 1264 8241 1609 ~227 612 -~871 -13644 2 5642 6114 1434 8499 1939 5651 1140 -3271 -12<;30 '3 5172 5614 t731 1500 6662 4032 -853 -5520 -15595 4 5',22 5816 1125 8014 1407 498e 324 -4195 -14028 5 5577 6044 7381 8442 1994 5625 1125 -3275 -lHe6 6 5274 5116 6886 1720 6949 439/:; -397 -5e02 -14g88 1 5111 <;558 6641 B611 6488 3806 -1130 -51128 -15~6a e 4158 5174 6106 6615 5533 2597 -2613 -75Cl -17S4e 9 5451 5909 1201 8197 7574 5227 624 -~842 -13518 lC 6118 1251 91H3 11031 11259 <;921 6432 2715 -574~ 11 6995 7541 9587 11592 11 962 1080 75C3 3916 -4333 l2 5622 6069 7411 8465 7907 5614 10eC -3342 -12<;94 13 551C ('OOR 7340 8390 78C5 54'10 913 -3~46 -132C8 14 4929 53e"i 6238 7C60 6051 32l:9 -1771 -6536 -16173 15 5513 6009 7246 8366 Has 5301 698 -38C2 -Btl1 16 52'H 5734 6f!1l 7106 6832 4219 -635 -5284 -15364 11 5618 (,015 1412 8454 fe97 5611 1079 -3332 -12~67 18 5184 5626 6756 7543 67le 41e 1 -768 -5428 -15481 19 5C41 5416 6491 7146 6168 337C -1694 -6487 -16i71 VALUES FOR fNSTAR 5 USING 16 VARIABLES SPECI,..EN VALUES FeR D[SCRI~INANT FUNCTION EQUATIO~S NUMBER 1 234 567 I! 9 1 6453 6650 A267 9688 9508 7675 365C -416 -~491 2 6753 72g9 9244 10941 11195 gell 630C 2586 -5"~3 3 62R4 6B,3 P.539 9931 9811 elCI 4179 176 -eE37 4 739C 7981 10282 12456 13172 12371 9464 6159 -loe 5 7149 7727 9899 11&95 12438 11423 e29C 4831 -3237 b 658e 1113 9019 10647 1083e 93'14 5787 2C12 -6573 1 6422 6953 e771 lC277 lC355 8113 5C2C 1150 -7H7 e 7585 8195 lC592 12898 13752 131C7 lC393 7222 3EB 9 7509 8108 10464 12695 13491 1279C S994 oeo -e.,4 10 H03 82C7 10(;48 12978 138B9 13312 lC665 154e 22 11 7172 8392 10sa7 13301 14285 138CB 11265 E224 e28 12 7923 ~547 11135 13674 14772 14435 1204C 9C9C lE83 13 5933 6435 8C61 9280 9111 7212 3124 -972 -lCI17 14 7C03 7561 9682 11595 12C76 le988 776~ 4U5 -3F84 15 7904 q515 11C89 13601 14677 14332 119C7 P957 1745 16 1809 :'142'1 lC965 13428 14454 14C56 1156C e5H 1316 17 8023 8657 11265 1384C 14966 14681 12~24 '1419 2284 18 7442 SOB 10411 12672 13485 12798 lC014 (: 793 -E42 19 8356 0;010 II q7 2 14771 16231 1633e 14411 111El 5132 20 1415 7994 10341 12556 13 ~34 126C 1 'l77:? t:52f! -1184 21 663!! 7147 q,.,c 1Cb96 10eS4 94C5 5le3 19f'7 -HP.9 6795 22 73e3 11169 11555 102 ~ 6991 3413 -4~12 23 8084 8n2 11447 14;'21 15392 15255 13C84 lC328 342C INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA tiP 88 Appendix table 4 -- continued. VALUES F[~ INSTIR 6 USING 16 VIRIABlES VALUES FeR CISCRI~INANT FUNCTICN EQUATIONS SPEC IHN NU"'BER 134 5 l: 7 e <; 1025'1 1101:6 14')02 19060 21623 2:527 23333 21<;40 17346 2 9635 1039, DeSl 17524 19805 2C<;26 2C 115 l83Cl 12<;35 3 '124C '1'153 1>229 IH49 1B66S 19448 1825C 16151 lC 356 4 lC564 113<;7 1 ~340 1970~ 22654 24594 2463C 23376 1 <;OC 5 9175 Q'11S 1 :190 11':55C 18597 1'1413 18281 162e4 lC~77 6 9836 10609 14171 17994 204C1 21683 2104'1 1 <;337 14142 7 8592 9218 12201 15163 1672C 11:924 15131 12637 l:116 8 9246 9ge2 13213 16038 18e27 1 ,,'.CC 18185 1H61 lC243 '1 '18'11 10679 14335 16251 20162 22110 2105 2CCOS 15C5! 10 8442 9115 12C02 14927 16418 1l:591 14712 1< 142 H22 11 9028 9746 12880 11': 144 17987 18571 17173 14'135 E€82 12 9324 10027 IB79 16896 19C09 19920 H84'1 16E43 1 L,21 13 '1113 '1a87 lH62 16578 18592 19364 181H H060 lC257 14 1C065 1013:10 1453C 18531 2117.6 22621 22222 2CI:71 lC743 15 8821 <)524 12582 15725' 17468 11917 1638t 1405/; 16 &bU n~a 12289 15346 16'l9~ 173C9 15612 13142 1:721 11 '1615 103'10 13874 IHD6 1'1868 20geo 2CIC4 te2C9 12A25 18 8753 9418 12463 15516 11276· 1 7C69 1604'> 13/;4'1 7356 V'L~ES FeR 1~5TAR 1 USI~G 16 VdAI.eLES VALUES FeR CISCRI~I~ANT FUNC1ION ECLhTIONS SPECI~E"4 NUt,H'IER 12345 f 1 I) 1 12C02 12926 17634 22923 26R53 2991:5 1132C 31C19 2 11815 12712 17285 2240, 26167 290t2 ?C191 29723 21::'.'4 3 12045 129~4 17752 23112 21122 3C379 ;le4~ 31l:41 2'1C~4 4 11131 12641 17168 22248 25948 28791: 2'1SSE 29~31 26125 5 12034 12941 11669 23003 26'1l:l 30125 31528 31245 2E449 6 11328 12181 1~S65 21425 24'126 21515 ,83CI: 215'11 24C~9 1 12217 BB1 11'14 e 23411 2741le '3C111 :2131 2<;4q 8 12C41 12'l76 11101 2.30'30 27C01 ,0182 31::39 2E'.'t4 q 12415 13313 IAH1 23'132 28113 31674 ;;422 31C46 10 11866 12711 17360 22528 2632'1 29275 3C468 ;C020 2.6EU: 11 12115 :3C02 17e99 23333 27442 3C7!!3 ~235/; 3,2C6 2<;(;75 12 12510 13513 18541 242613 28tlC 32UQ 34161: 34225 32CSC 13 10391 11185 1501C 19264 ::2124 239~e <'3B6<; 22'3et I&C69 14 11158 12019 11,326 21120 24'.'C6 2/;'1(:9 275<;6 21:150 230e 15 11 ':iC 1 124C9 16~61 21833 25452 28VI: "H31 21'52C 25152 16 10B71 11714 1~!j32 ZC3bll 23527 25t:Sf' 26033 2~9'18 ;;CSl'> 11 111C1 11964 1i;l9.~ 20862 24195 2/;5(;'1 ,/lOe U224 22414 18 12753 1369!l le117 24628 29033 3274e 34121: 34HC 3200 n 1U56 121H2 17475 22157 26 5P,~ 295'11: ~C8C4 3C331: 212e1 20 10e14 116?3 151:9C 2C 152 t~,24 2'52S5 "5518 2~412 2C2C~ 21 124~8 1340e IS295 23054 21lCS2 314 P.l ~321~ ;31~7 3(1'; ")4 22 1225C 1'1234 : q 14 2 23611 27E~ 1 3132~ : '?C041 32983 3C~1t 23 9474 lC209 BE:'18 17325 11653 2CH5 VALUES FC~ INSTAR 8 USING 16 VARIABLES VALUES FCR OISCPI~INANT FU~CTICN EQUATIONS SPEClflEN NUMBER 1234567 a 9 1 12349 1]301 18225 23157 28C04 ~1493 33261 33263 3ceea 2 14029 15075 20S49 27540 32898 37769 41e12 42C18 41370 3 13554 14579 2C134 26529 31621 36136·39050 !9A16 3S6se 4 13855 14814 20553 27098 32347 31048 4015C 4105! 4C 130 5 lU32 13599 181;23 24292 2B6B6 32362 34332 34487 32318 b 13496 14516 19<;81 26261 31221 35595 38312 38956 3US5 7 13696 14719 20300 26125 n8B 363910 39312 4CIC3 39C51 8 12381 13350 18300 23846 28112 316eo 333e6 33398 31C32 9 13185 14187 19477 25529 30243 34~33 36131 31169 10 13436 14446 11892 26146 31C14 35414 3908'l 39108 31318 11 13506 14528 20C01 26291 31273 35t:l0 ~e413 39082 3H30 12 13506 145(:6 2eC56 26363 31362 3S79, 3e592 3<;301 31l1U 13 13643 14696 2C248 26668 31144 3e27e 3911C 39'128 3H52 14 12691: 13670 He02 24611 29117 32922 35028 35247 33276 15 12654 13634 18681 24448 288" 32528 34510 34631 32531 16 13505 145~2 2CC04 26298 31251 3561C :3 e351 3e<;94 31t5C 17 13318 14394 19815 ?6U61 30913 35219 37944 3e530 31132 18 12952 13954 19260 2529'5 23CCC 34068 :64~/: 36!!eO 35340 VALUES FeR INSTA~ 9 USING 16 VARIAeLfS VALUES FCR CISCRI~INANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS SPF.CI"EN NUMBER 1 234 5 6 7 e .9 1 16884 18169 25488 34170 41568 49959 54e89 5118') f.0397 2 1543C 16621 23155 3081C 312C5 43345 47976 49914 5C<;11 3 1593C 17148 23900 31872 38539 45020 5ccce 5" 234 53632 4 16459 11764 24en 13288 40410 414<;;> <;3ce2 55152 5eC53 5 15545 1619!'l 23446 31264 31198 44111 4~93£ 51C53 52342 6 15S1C 16995 23161 31169 33464 44985 ~CCC4 5226e 5:HCl 1 15133 H296 2275C 30268 3651e 4240 4C8C/: 4E7C1 4<;557 8 2~461 lo8Bl 18 L61 34045 41481: 48a11 54872 5H!t:1 t:C4~C 'I 14313 15511 21560 2e555 3426 :3 39572 43291 4<; ~7e ~4141 10 15353 16518 22q~e 3C568 36844 42~47 47323 49201 5CC4'l 11 15'51lt: 16195 23503 31338 31'l37 443'H 49229 51438 52Sl8 12 17296 18611 2(:215 35196 42919 SCP 33 ~72n 6:l€42 13 15244 16417 2.2e54 3092 36621: 410C4 4'H63 14 14940 16126 22510 29908 36C91 46339 4ese? INSTAR DE'l'ERMINATION DII'l'A AP 40 Appendix table 4 continued. VALUES faR INSTAR 1 USING 9 VARIABLES VALUES FCR OISCRIMINANT FUNCTIO~ EQUATIONS SPECIl'EN NUI"BER 3 4 ~ £, 1 8 -36 -111 -190 1 51 42 31 7 -213 -:83 2 43 3C 16 -Ie -51 -134 -215 -:~3 3 42 15 -12 -55 -132 -213 -~e; 4 42 1(: -Ie -~2 -12€ -20e -~77 5 43 29 29 11 -'I -51 -127 -2C7 -;75 b 43 21 2'1 17 -e -~9 -135 -214 1 39 25 24 1C -It -!El -~2 -12e -cCS -;75 8 44 3C 3C 18 -8 -~2 -12e -2CR -:14 9 45 1C 30 18 -8 10 42 28 28 16 -11 -5~ -132 -214 -3e3 -~4 -i3C -210 -:7e II 43 29 29 H -Ie -51 -126 -2C6 -:77 12 45 3C 31 IS -6 VALLES Fr.R I~ST\R 2 USING 9 VARIABLES VALUES FCR CISCRII'INANT FU~CTICN Eel.TIeNS SPECI"Et. NUI'BER 2 ~ 4 5 t 1 s 1 25 45 40 2e 6 -34 -105 -lIll 2 27 44 33 12 -21 -'It -169 3 2~ 34 22 -3/l -ICE -1e3 4 31 43 '19 27 -:1 -lC," -Ie; 5 41 39 28 -10: -te2 b 33 49 44 3~ 8 -lCt -IF.4 7 31 3t 25 2 -Ill -187 VALUES F~q I~STAR 3 USING 9 VARIABLES VALUES FCR CISCRININANT FU~CTICN EC~ITIONS SPECIHN "IUI"BER 3 4 7 1 55 62 63 48 1~ -113 -r 2 53 ~1 b3 5C , - -31 -10 -243 :3 44 ~4 55 41 'l -5C -119 -2H 4 44 S5 55 41 <; -12C -2(:2 5 42 52 53 -129 -27? 6 54 61 6(; 63 41 15 -116 -2~9 1 45 56 52 36 -13C -274 8 25 36 :',1 21 11 -23 -156 -297 q 27 48 49 43 -4 -65 -1:3 -21C Ie 34 41 45 3Il 21 -13 -11 -14R - 2<;4 11 36 48 45 "lC -103 -1~1 -271 12 24 32 16 -15 -11 -146 13 5E: 63 67 -lC4 -,45 14 51 61 65 19 -4C -lCA 15 52 51 53 -6 -14 -l4/l -?Cl If) 42 48 45 27 -Ie -75 -148 -2'17 11 42 41 -7 -H -145 -28'1 18 4<; 6A 14 36 -19 -83 -2te 1'1 34 49 45 3C -3 -21€ INsrAR DETERMINATION DATA .~P 41 Appendix table 4 oontlnued~ VAL~ES FC~ I~S'AR 4 USING 9 VARIABLES IIALUES FC~ [)1$CIOU'thANT FUI\CTlCN ECUAT IONS SPf:CII'EN "lUMBER 2 ~ 4 S 6 7 8 9 1 65 eo ~o ~5 89 67 19 -39 -165 2 71 a5 1t 103 99 80 35 -19 -140 :3 56 7C le.' 81 74 !1 1 -58 -le3 4 58 ~9 '8e 84 18 55 7 -52 -180 5 SS 68 19 83 16 56 1 -52 -177 6 5'1 68 82 76 53 -56 -ielt 7 59 69 81 13 49 -2 -62 -193 8 41 60 68 59 ~4 -le -78 -2(7 9 52 62 75 e6 44 -e -69 -1'i3 10 65 11 lOi! 101 8S 44 -1) -134 11 15 '10 lOb 111 11'1 105 66 13 -1e4 12 69 71 lie '95 A9 68 2C -37 -11;0 67 76 ,86 9) 86 to 17 -40 -lCC 14 49 65 1It 76 69 46 -2 -60 -te2 15 h9 13 67 93 89 64 17 -42 -113 16 70 11l 89 93 86 62 13 -46 -177 17 65 16 il6 11 84 64 15 -43 -le6 18 59 13 62 86 80 58 le -48 -171 19 67 80 a<) 92 85 10 -49 -171 VAL~ES feR INSTAR 5 USI"G 9 VARI~BLES IIALIJES FeR DI5C~f"INANI FUNCTIC~ ECUATIONS SPECII'EN NIJMBER 1234567 8 '1 1 71 8S 98 106 105 P.8 46 -A -128 2 92 lC6 123 137 14: 132 lel 3 15 lCC 114 123 125 108 1C 18 -10 4 61 'Ie 115 . 129 135 126 '13 46 -f;4 5 18 96 113 126 131 120 87 39 -71 6 14 9C t03 115 117 lC5 6S 22 -Ell 1 70 81 100 111 111 <)7 59 9 -1C2 8 91 lCa 12e lit4 154 148 12Z 19 -28 9 83 98 116 131 1~1 1::C S<; 54 -53 10 79 96 114 131 141 131 111 71 -31 11 85 1(;1 12(; 137 146 141 113 11 -~3 12 81 lel 12.2 141 151 141 122 el -19 13 S1 16 117 ~ 95 96 f3 45 -3 -111 14 11 ~8 104 116 119 1C9 74 26 -87 15 115 'l1 HZ 128 135 129 ge 53 -53 16 112 95 114 130 136 131 lce 56 -44 11 96 112 112 151 161 159 133 94 -3 18 14 qC 109 124 131 124 95 50 -53 19 18 96 111 .1.36 149 149 121 E e -1 2C. 82 9" 113 128 136 DC lC;: 59 -46 21 ~l lCC Uti 12'l 133 121 81 40 -16 22 15 109 1.21 126 119 '1C 46 -63 23 f3 llb 131 140 135 lce 64 -46 INST!IR DETERMINATION DATA AP 42 Appendix table 4 continued. VALLES FCq I~STAR 6 USI~G 9 VARIABLES vALUES FeR DISCRI~INA~T FU~CTICN ECLATIONS SPEC JIIEN NUMBER 2 3 4 <; 6 1 8 9 1 109 133 162 lq4 220 237 235 215 14<; 2 113 111 15b 187 210 224 219 19B 126 3 106 111 154 182 204 216 2CB 18S 115 4 104 123 151 182 206 227. 211 193 121 5 98 117 142 167 181 1'>9 190 LC7 e9 6 103 120 149 176 19B 207 198 169 lOS 7 111 113 157 182 201 2C6 195 1(;7 III fl 101 119 141 165 182 189 114 142 54 9 92 117 143 171 191 203 192 lC4 93 10 83 103 123 144 155 lS7 134 97 11 11 101 1,2 145 169 187 193 17B 147 Cl 12 laC 112 1% 161 179 18S 174 145 cC 13 90 110 135 159 177 183 169 137 51 14 109 119 149 17 S 202 214 20'> 1114 I C 1 15 95 115 Be L62 IBC le6 173 143 58 16 76 91 117 136 151 152 132 94 -2 17 101 110 136 161 175 179 159 121 29 18 90 102 125 .. 47 161 163 142 lC6 12 V4LUES FeR INSTAR 7 USI~G 9 VARIAHLES VALues FCR DISC~lprNANl fUNCTICN Ec~aTICNS SPEC r ~EN NUMBER 1234567 e '> 1 144 171 209 253 294 327 347 347 3C6 2 147 174 20P 252 293 325 344 344 2'>6 3 129 156 192 235 273 308 324 ~24 292 4 137 164 lYU 240 278 306 320 315 2H 5 133 141 185 226 26; 292 305 297 242 6 123 13A 174 212 247 213 284 274 217 7 128 142 182 223 261 2Ee 303 292 8 128 156 1% .23C 26e 3(0 3lC 310 2el 9 124 148 187 229 268 2ge 314 ?C6 2~2 10 132 156 191 230 269 295 310 ?CO 237 11 109 144 177 217 255 287 301 295 12 121 176 217 253 2f!2 294 ZP.2 229 13 113 131 IS!! 189 217 238 239 223 14 110 136 168 203 234 256 2eC 243 1P2 15 111 146 176 212 247 273 283 270 211 16 111 137 166 200 23C 251 255 239 17C 17 113 136 166 200 22'1 250 253 2~5 1(:7 18 131 154 191 234 273 3C3 318 3C6 251 19 129 144 17'1 220 253 21S 285 21C 2C 7 2C 134 151 1P3 218 25C 272 278 1~!! 21 153 177 216 261 306 342 36e 321 22 116 101 I'H 242 285 320 345 314 23 10 111'.. 14~ 176 20 221 223 2(8 142 24 119 141 17 /, 208 241 262 270 leI:; INSTAR DETERHINATION DATA AP <'\3 Appendix table 4 -- continued. VALUES FOR INSTAR 8 USI~G 9 VARI~BlES VALUES FCR OISCRlf'INANT fUNCTION ECUATIONS SPEClf'EN NUMSER 1234507 8 <) 1 142 175 211 258 305 347 377 388 361 2 147 171 214 26" 314 301 393 402 373 3 150 175 219 272 328 377 419 435 412 4 155 175 219 271 326 374 414 428 398 5 146 17" 210 256 302 344 372 380 345 6 152 181 221 271 321 365 397 405 375 7 15" 175 217 269 He 364 3 16 152 1~e 229 £78 330 372 407 414 :'77 17 149 174 215 264 314 357 390 396 359 18 1"2 164 212 265 312 353 384 393 37(; VALUES FeR (NSTAR 9 USING 9 VARIABLES vALUES FeR OISCR(f'INANT FU~CTICN ECU~TIONS SPECII'EN NUMBER 1 234 5 C 7 9 156 2C1 257 327 396 471 531 6C4 2 164 206 254 318 38" 45C SC7 541 3 168 211 261 328 3S4 4~C 518 4 15C 211 261 331 39B 470 52S 5H H2 5 143 2CO 250 314 379 4"2 498 521 6 171 20" 257 328 396 4f.Q 532 573 toe 7 150 194 242 306 36e 432 4e4 516 8 lRC 22C 274 346 423 3C1 575 623 9 156 2C2 251 314 374 435 487 519 1C 174 21C 262 330 394 459 515 549 11 lS8 19~ 247 314 379 4"9 see 544 12 159 19~ Z58 333 407 4€5 555 6Cl 64 ~ 13 162 205 38C 444 4'H; 547 14 156 19" 37'1 444 503 540 57C INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 44 Appendix table 4 -~ continued. VALUES FOR INSTARS 1 AND 2 INSTAll. 1 SELECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN VAlUES FOR OISiRIMI~ANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS :I. NUM8ER I. 2. 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 258076 255407 3375 3253 444 440 308 301t 42 34 329 325 2. 197656 194402 2888 2746 415 409 262 255 56 54 335 331 .3 219196 216322 3036 2920 392 384 275 269 39 31 295 287 4 217945 215050 3115 2999 415 408 275 269 50 44 322 316 5 255789 253412 3550 3480 432 427 308 304 47 42 316 311 6 303629 302067 4125 4097 459 456 340 339 41 32 316 311 7 221376 218310 2871. 2127 375 365 275 269 40 32 274 265 8 211333 208221 2894 2127 428 424 287 283 38 30 340 338 9 Zl9633 216624 299~ 28!H 419 414 290 286 38 2.9 324 321 10 217823 215043 3113 3000 404 396 275 269 47 1t2 308 302 11 239001 236135 3185 3054 433 428 295 291 36 25 330 325 12 254831 252487 3601 3532 436 431 301 296 59 57 322 316 INS TAR 2 SELECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPEC&HEN VALUES FOR 01 SCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUH Ell. 1 2 I. 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 225220 22B756 3611 3761 490 494 351 356 84 93 378 382 2. 222552 226522 3536 3664 546 558 3BO 390 85 94 440 452 3 247171 250335 3903 4032 539 549 379 387 93 105 421 430 4 213729 215950 3261 3310 449 449 331 333 64 64 343 343 5 272531 274813 4038 4143 527 533 310 375 79 86 396 401 6 240417 242631 3463 3635 479 477 310 306 !l5 93 36b 364 7 255492 257251 3799 3859 539 549 319 387 59 59 42.1 430 IN'STAR DETERMIN'ATION DATA AP 45 Appendix table 4 -- continm~d. VALUES FOR INSTARS 2 AND 3 INSTAR 2 2 3 SELECTION 4 5 1 SPECIMEN VAlUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUMBER 2 3 2 3232323 2 3 1 2235 1457 128 Hi 98 08 65 55 36 33 93 84 2 2274 lit 95 155 149 120 111 17 68 38 31 110 106 3 2259 1681 134 125 112 103 11 63 41 41 105 99 4 2052 1191 120 108 88 75 62 51 23 17 83 72 5 24610 1887 12B 121 101 93 62 55 34 32 98 90 6 2479 1676 133 124 91 81 46 35 37 35 89 79 7 2368 1735 140 H7 112 103 11 63 24 20 105 99 INSTAR 3 SELECTION 1 2 345 6 SPECIMEN VALUES FOR OlS~RIMI~ANT FU~CTIO~ EQUAT~ONS 3 NUMBER 2 3 2 3 2 :3 1 5142 6223 183 231 158 170 104 115 itT 49 159 169 2 4632 5470 194 H2 177 190 119 131 58 63 174 168 3 4119 5620 167 221 162 175 no 123 59 64 164 175 4 4528 5286 169 213 156 167 110 120 59 62 157 165 5 4521 5207 150 212 159 169 98 106 55 57 158 168 6 4577 5207 172 225 155 165 104 114 48 52 156 164 7 4496 5237 147 196 139 149 98 109 46 48 144 149 8 3728 4275 158 Z06 157 162 106 110 50 52 151 158 9 4249 4974 149 199 158 169 107 117 55 59 156 167 10 4068 4695 132 182 139 146 89 95 47 49 141 145 11 4186 4B83 143 201 152 161 104 112 50 52 152 160 12 4116 4986 144 192 152 162 llO 120 51 52 U3 161 13 4921 5841 162 216 148 161 108 122 51 55 154 163 14 4948 5859 i73 228 158 171 117 130 58 63 161 171 15 3756 3737 162 197 137 137 75 73 35 35 132 134 16 3958 4353 126 164 117 120 86 90 41 ItO 121 120 17 3752 4002 126 168 117 119 88 91 33 n 120 H8 18 5550 6836 159 237 168 189 116 139 68 74 177 191 19 4407 5160 145 195 156 167 92 101 61 68 157 167 HlS'!'AR DETERNINATION L'ATA AP 46 A ppendix table 4 -- continued. VALUES FOR INSTARS 3 AND 4 IP-ISTAR 3 SELECTION 1 2 3 4 5 SPEC IMEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUMBER 3 4 3434343 4 3 4 1 11611 10582 244 216 161 147 106 93 35 32 161 147 2 11327 10344 254 232 182 175 125 119 45 44 181 174 3 11529 10634 238 214 168 156 113 103 46 45 167 156 4 H097 10007 231 199 161 147 114 103 45 45 160 147 5 11045 9877 237 216 159 142 98 82 42 40 158 142 6 10862 9771 235 210 158 143 106 92 37 34 l!i7 142 7 10292 9117 204 169 143 124 98 82 34 n 144 124 8 8736 6760 234 209 155 139 110 97 38 35 153 13!! 9 10156 8933 190 149 16.. 147 110 98 42 41 161 147 10 9420 7820 203 165 138 115 86 66 35 32 137 115 11 9686 9271 220 191 154 138 106 92 37 35 154 138 12 9568 8112 206 174 157 143 114 103 38 36 156 142 13 11761 11114 235 205 157 142 109 98 39 37 157 142 14 11961 Un9 243 221 167 156 121 114 45 44 167 156 15 8498 6353 204 163- 125 98 71 44 24 19 124 97 16 6670 6853 182 138 116 89 83 61 29 25 116 88 17 7799 5630 173 128 116 89 86 66 22 16 U5 88 19 14309 14554 268 249 182 175 121 114 54 55 182 175 19 10972 9843 205 165 155 137 90 71 48 48 155 137 INS TAR 4 SelECTION 234 5 6 SPECIMEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION'EQUATIONS NUMBER 3 4 34343434 3 4 1 17536 18878 357 380 256 273 176 188 61 64 256 273 2 18043 19545 396 435 287 315 207 231 60 63 286 314 3 16102 16919 355 378 246 260 176 188 61 64 245 260 4 16637 17730 335 356 238 251 172 183 65 68 238 251 5 17061 18360 364 395 245 259 168 178 57 be 246 0:59 6 16703 17636 369 402 253 269 176 18B 64 6B 253 269 7 16107 16B28 350 371 240 251 156 162 59 62 240 250 8 14729 14961 349 373 237 247 168 117 59 61 235 247 9 15411 16370 353 392 224 232 156 162 39 31 225 233 10 20584 23478 355 388 252 272 183 201 72 77 256 274 11 22006 253B4 387 425 276 303 206 232 16 83 278 305 12 16645 17864 312 414 262 283 195 215 50 51 261 282 13 15277 16320 353 382 229 242 181 204 38 36 229 242 14 15345 15991 381 423 269 290 188 204 47 46 267 289 15 16927 18257 353 381 235 248 184 199 57 59 235 248 16 16810 17852 369 401 263 282 176 188 48 47 263 281 17 17198 18509 385 427 266 287 187 204 52 53 266 287 lI! 15823 16628 359 388 253 270 188 204 58 61 251 269 19 16015 16703 370 393 243 256 168 117 56 58 242 255 I'!S'fAR DETI':RHnMTION DATil lIP 47 Bppendix table 4 -- oontinued. VALUES FOR INSTARS 4 AND 5 I"ISTAR 4 SELECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUMBER 4 5 It 5" 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 1 14869 13594 171 162 102 93 74 61 30 26 101 116 2 15291 14150 196 193 119 116 91 68 31 27 116 139 3 13301 11623 150 139 98 88 74 66 29 26 96 UO 4 14327 12997 149 136 94 82 12 64 33 30 93 105 5 15401 14309 148 ~31 96 85 10 62 28 23 96 108 6 13436 11805 152 141 101 92 14 66 32 29 99 114 7 12782 10915 152 140 93 82 64 53 29 24 92 102 8 11253 9021 139 125 94 82 70 60 29 25 91 103 9 15118 13853 146 130 85 12 b4 54 11 8 66 94 10 20943 21592 159 150 99 89 80 74 38 31 101 111 11 22295 23303 184 179 111 106 92 90 40 40 113 135 12 14fl82 13591 176 166 107 100 85 eo 24 18 105 123 13 15285 14098 161 154 92 80 91 75 17 8 91 104 14 12421 10521 175 167 110 104 80 74 24 18 107 124 15 14150 13543 150 135 93 82 79 72 31 28 93 106 16 13200 11415 170 161 106 98 74 66 25 19 103 119 17 15005 13735 166";156 108 101 81 75 24 18 106 124 18 13404 11160 173 164 102 94 80 74 29 24 100 116 19 12542 10546 118 168 91 86 70 60 27 22 94 106 INSTAR <; SELECT ION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTfON EQUATIONS NUMBER 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 1 17600 17149 197 195 121 118 89 86 29 25 120 143 2 20028 20413 258 272 171 183 128 131 56 63 167 ZIO 3 19470 16411 225 229 132 132 91 69 52 51 130 156 4 23975 25466 219 226 143 147 113 117 47 51 143 177 5 22602 23730 Z21 227 148 15~ 117 122 49 53 147 183 6 19925 20241 216 221 148 153 !l6 121 43 44 145 181 7 19912 18908 216 221 148 153 112 115 38 37 145 179 8 24803 26625 259 275 161 178 127 135 61 70 166 208 9 24141 25686 232 243 161 178 127 135 52 59 166 209 10 24817 26154 231 253 183 199 146 160 66 76 Ull 231 11 25422 21397 248 263 180 19'5 137 148 53 59 178 226 12 26417 28102 257 273 182 197 143 151 58 6!$ 180 230 13 16827 16381 202 200 154 160 120 125 47 5C 149 186 14 21735 22514 203 209 146 151 110 113 47 50 145 179 15 25961 27961 226 235 110 182 128 136 45 47 169 213 16 26102 281.)97 245 256 168 180 128 136 38 38 168 . 211 17 26970 29265 280 300 I'll 209 146 160 51 56 188 241 le 24687 26506 225 233 152 159 127 135 51 56 152 191 19 29397 32680 236 252 172 184 144 158 60 68 113 220 20 23966 25559 231 Zlt3 165 176 133 143 54 59 164 201 21 1'l393 19602 228 234 150 156 118 123 50 54 147 183 22 20680 21362 239 257 177 I'll 127 135 58 65 173 218 23 273 80 29928 241 254 176 190 114 119 63 72 176 220 H1STilR LETERHIN;\TION DAT,\ AP 48 Appendix table 4 -- oontinued. VALUES FOR INS TARS 5 AND 6 INSTAR 5 SELECTION 1 .2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN V~lues ~OR DIS~RIHI~ANT FU~CTIO~ EQUATAONS 6 NUMBER 5 6 5 6 1 5843 4028 101 91 49 35 49 35 16 1 40 29 2 6954 5385 148 138 10 62 10 62 39 31 64 60 3 5850 3eo3 141 129 50 31 50 36 31 31 42 31 4 9084 8341 146 139 10 62 10 62 31 21 54 47 5 8382 1311 144 131 69 61 69 61 32 29 56 5(1 o 6863 5341 122 112 64 55 64 55 21 23 56 50 1 6338 4619 119 101 61 51 61 51 23 16 54 41 8 9464 81:110 151 151 11 12 11 12 43 42 62 58 9 9206 8481 149 144 11 11 16 11 34 33 62 58 10 9851 9351 146 142 86 84 81 84 46 41 74 73 11 9Q26 9439 155 151 83 80 83 80 31 33 68 66 12 10363 101)39 153 148 88 85 88 85 40 38 12 71 13 5549 3'i11 96 84 61 51 61 51 30 21 58 53 14 8010 6902 125 116 66 51 65 56 29 21 52 45 15 10113 9138 138 131 81 11 81 11 28 25 63 58 10 9904 9465 139 134 80 76 80 76 22 18 63 58 11 10299 9939 168 167 89 87 89 87 33 32 74 13 18 9438 8839 129 121 71 12 77 72 34 31 62 51 19 12154 12519 148 147 93 ?i?2 93 93 42 41 72 70 20 9240 8558 135 121 79'4',;.' 19 75 36 34 66 62 21 6472 4141 '136 123 64 55 64 55 34 30 51 51 22 11)50 6228 128 121 12 64 71 64 41 38 63 59 2.3 10143 9691 130 122 18 73 76 11 45 44 56 49 INS TAR 0 SELECTION 2- 3 4 5 b SP ECI MEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUM8ER 5 6 5 6 5 6 565 6 5 6 1 1624<} 11933 208 220 136 148 136 148 58 67 112 121 2 14521 15510 208 22C 133 144 132 143 59 66 116 127 3 13691 14412 209 222 128 138 129 139 53 51 114 125 4 11603 19844 211 226 135 147 135 148 49 51 105 113 5 12924 13364 IB2 192 126 134 124 132 61 65 111 119 6 15313 16615 201 208 123 131 122 130 58 63 98 103 1 11430 11351 196 199 110 113 !09 113 58 63 91 103 8 13996 14958 195 204 110 114 110 114 44 46 81 89 9 15401 16818 189 199 125 134 125 134 47 50 99 105 10 11838 12072 155 156 97 98 91 98 32 31 18 19 11 13149 13158 195 203 110 115 110 114 50 54 91 95 12 13999 14961 114 181 114 120 114 120 44 41 91 95 13 13111 14624 118 184 111 116 III 116 53 56 89 92 14 16058 11101 196 205 129 139 129 139 62 68 104 111 15 12154 13220 L82 187 113 118 113 118 55 57 91 103 16 13020 13612 167 171 98 99 98 ~OO 51 51 16 15 11 14138 15<}90 184 11.17 105 108 105 108 31 29 14 13 18 12556 Ball 164 165 101 103 101 103 41 40 80 81 INSTAR DETEGMINATI0N DATA AP 49 Appendix table 4 -- continned. VALUES FOR INSTARS 6 AND 7 INSTAR 6 3 SELECTION 4 5 1 2 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS 7 SPEC I HEN VAlues FOR 6 7 NUMBER 6 7 (> 7 6 7 6 7 6 124 122 124 122 48 47 79 78 1 40749 40346 144 140 116 113 116 113 47 46 82 82 2 36433 34999 146 140 110 105 III 106 41 38 87 87 :3 33485 31355 139 131 126 124 126 124 37 32 71 75 4 1t3093 43267 156 156 107 102 106 101 46 44 72 68 5 33736 31664 131 122 :UO 105 110 104 45 43 66 60 6 37127 35867 137 129 91 81 90 81 45 43 66 61 7 27958 24489 U5 99 97 88 96 88 33 27 59 52 8 33380 31207 127 115 113 108 113 108 36 32 70 65 9 38687 37784 126 114 82 70 82 70 22 13 53 44 J.O 28213 24798 97 77 95 86 95 86 39 35 61 55 11 31559 28950 122 108 101 93 101 93 34 29 63 57 12 34445 32541 128 120 98 89 98 89 40 37 61 55 13 32643 30326 118 107 117 114 117 114 49 48 72 68 lit 38988 38193 148 147 68 63 15 30019 27071 120 109 96 88 96 88 41 38 85 73 85 73 36 3] 53 45 16 28322 25!l07 t09 97 96 87 96 87 21 11 50 40 17 36886 35523 121 104 87 76 87 76 29 21 55 47 18 29886 26897 III 97 INSTAR 7 SELeCT ION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN VI\LUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTiON EQUATIONS NUMBER 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 1 53206 55783 200 209 170 181 170 181 70 76 120 i3e 2 51385 53547 212 225 167 171 167 177 75 82 122 132 l 55041 58041 197 208 In 105 173 185 55 56 120 AlO It 51087 53156 202 212 162 170 162 170 62 66 113 121 5 53585 56268 195 207 163 172 163 171 62 65 103 108 6 48489 49982 186 197 155 162 155 162 64 69 108 115 7 54043 56873 197 209 164 173 164 173 74 81 102 106 8 53505 56175 200 212 165 174 164 173 67 72 106 111 9 55632 58828 194 205 167 177 167 176 72 79 100 105 10 50939 53017 209 224 158 165 158 165 70 76 101 106 11 54511 57438 193 207 168 171 167 171 61 65 107 114 12 57812 61508 197 209 168 17e 168 179 56 58 98 102 13 42027 41960 175 184 132 133 132 133 50 49 89 90 lit 46721 1t7777 164 168 140 142 140 143 52 52 87 87 15 48757 50316 189 200 150 155 150 155 63 67 93 95 16 44540 450rn 172 176 137 139 137 139 63 66 88 89 17 46743 47792 175 179 139 141 139 141 55 56 84 84 18 57688 61370 207 221 168 178 169 178 56 57 1(;0 105 19 52433 54848 195 204 155 161 155 162 49 48 99 103 20 44321 44779 178 183 138· 140 138 140 59 62 93 95 21 55406 58547 225 244 178 191 178 191 85 97 122 133 22 54458 57394 198 214 178 191 178 191 76 85 125 13b 23 35413 33809 150 156 126 126 126 126 58 60 98 102 24 44557 45114 181 189 141 144 141 144 68 73 92 94 >IF 50 II ppsndix ta ble Ii -- cent inued. VALUES FOR INSTARS 7 AND 8 INSTAll. 7 SELECT ION 1 2 3 4 5 SPECIMEN VAlues FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUMBER 7 8 7 8797879 1 8 1 211564 28209 240 235 220 219 208 207 68 61l 144 144 2 28123 27705 240 236 213 210 204 202 74 75 142 141 3 28866 28561 240 238 225 224 213 212 /t9 46 144 144 it 27319 26778 239 23/t 205 201 196 193 59 57 131 128 5 213796 29471 236 2:n 210 206 197 192 59 57 123 118 6 25893 25170 218 212 194 189 181 191 62 60 123 116 7 29559 29335 232 225 209 204 199 194 13 74 1.17 111 9 29023 28729 232 227 214 210 200 195 65 64 127 124 9 30330 30212 232 225 217 212 203 191:1 71 71 119 1lit 10 29357 27962 2/t3 23e 201 195 190 184 69 613 118 112 11 29699 29493 229 225 214 210 204 200 59 56 124 120 12 31161 31158 239 234 216 211 205 200 52 49 1 lit 101 13 222/t6 21019 194 185 164 152 153 141 44 ftC 103 94 14 22519 23570 182 167 167 155 164 153 41 43 90 18 15 26741 26120 217 208 189 180 178 110 61 59 106 98 16 2374<) 22707 186 172 168 156 160 149 60 58 98 88 17 24910 23917 197 185 115 163 162 150 !i1 41 97 87 18 31541 31551 233 224 205 197 205 200 53 49 102 93 19 27994 27515 212 200 181 171 186 119 45 40 96 85 20 23300 22196 196 193 171 161 161 151 55 53 106 98 21 30888 30961 264 263 234 235 220 220 87 'lO 149 150 22 29975 29823 244 241 226 228 220 221 77 78 145 145 23 18210 16443 173 162 154 143 145 134 55 52 114 1Q1 24 24196 23230 209 199 1711 168 165 156 66 66 108 100 INSTAll. 9 SELECTION 1 2 3 4 5 SPECIMEN NUMBER 7 6 7 13 1 31301 31358 277 284 248 253 238 243 83 8(: 172 176 2 3Fl471 39510 296 304 279 286 264 270 84 80 163 167 3 36602 31 ... 05 316 329 284 294 274 284 101 106 186 195 4 38336 39379 321 335 287 297 275 285 102 107 183 191 '5 32831 33105 286 294 256 261 231 241 81 82 171 176 6 36162 36980 305 314 267 213 254 260 80 92 166 111 7 37151 38016 307 317 276 294 261 268 78 79 111 177 8 31193 31221 264 266 243 247 230 233 85 88 163 167 9 34250 34699 297 304 264 271 250 257 69 69 174 181 10 35853 36529 281 285 263 267 246 250 81 83 151 160 11 36136 36857 313 123 272 279 257 263 16 76 111 177 12 35925 36511 315 328 289 301 290 2'l3 88 91 200 212 13 36303 37037 299 307 213 280 261 268 81 82 169 174 14 32598 32Fl18 275 281 252 251 249 256 80 81 170 176 15 31164 31170 264 263 237 238 226 227 60 51 147 149 16 35729 36380 300 306 266 271 246 250 92 95 160 163 17 35346 35947 292 298 259 263 246 250 83 8S 155 157 18 32725 32915 288 295 261 267 251 257 60 58 172 :.713 INSTi\R DETERlUNIiTION DATA liP 51 I\ppe.'liix tllb1a 4-- continued. VALUES FOR INSTARS 8 AND 9 INSTAR 8 SelECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPECIMEN VALUES FOR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS NUM8ER 8 9 8 9 8 9 898 9 8 <) 1 44687 41369 882 843 220 205 217 202 109 111 179 169 2 59358 58776 960 929 243 230 239 226 107 106 16B 154 :3 54337 52835 976 94' 255 246 253 245 121 126 197 191 4 56580 55460 957 922 256 249 254 246 129 129 193 186 5 46770 43820 884 841 222 205 214 198 99 94 177 163 6 54598 53093 914 814 234 220 231 217 101 100 172 159 7 55512 54203 942 906 242 230 237 225 95 91 178 166 8 45289 42103 091 846 212 194 207 190 103 98 168 154 9 51119 40991 1003 979 233 220 228 216 84 79 182 111 10 54128 52558 922 893 227 210 221 205 100 96 161 144 11 54302 52163 916 815 239 226 234 221 93 90 178 166 12 53725 52132 10331021 263 259 261 257 110 108 214 213 13 56060 54814 966 938 241 228 237 225 99 94 176 164 14 108300 45665 852 809 227 215 228 216 96 90 178 169 15 47958 45257 863 812 204 184 201 180 65 55 149 130 16 55268 53895 1004 975. 228 211 221 205 112 108 163 146 17 53907 52311t 915 874!ij. 225 208 221 205 102 98 158 142 18 49207 46820 951 921 232 219 229 216 70 62 180 169 INSTAR 9 SelECTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 VALUES ~OR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS S~ij~I~IN 8 9 8 <) 8 9 8 9 8 <) 1 82313 8b188 1267 1308 359 377 361 378 136 143 263 216 2 69387 70761 1205 1229 325 334 320 329 138 144 252 260 3 73955 76145 1232 1257 329 340 329 339 132 136 248 256 4 79252 82534 1259 1305 353 369 353 369 106 lOB 265 278 5 71955 13874 1262 1299 317 322 312 318 135 14e 235 238 6 71143 72809 1284 1327 351 370 353 371 129 134 279 297 7 67292 68316 1197 1225 316 325 316 325 122 126 246 254 a 19340 82612 1289 1326 392 415 381 406 138 131 314 336 9 60067 59778 1284 1325 304 310 301 307 116 118 250 258 10 61462 68460 1269 1299 329 342 329 341 125 126 265 278 11 69677 71204 ·1234 1274 341 355 337 351 104 105 211 283 12 03656 87808 1258 1300 398 424 393 419 130 134 3t.l7 329 13 67912 69018 1222 1250 318 326 316 325 126 133 248 256 14 63850 64324 1215 1247 333 344 325 337 118 120 275 287 INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 52 App~ndix table 5 -- Means (Y) and variances (s2) of discriminant values for larvae of standard ization set evaluated using the standardization set of discriminant function equations a) The discriminant function for ins tar 1 used to separate all 9 ins tars Instar N 16 variables 9 variables -y s2 y 52 1 12 1 617 19 300.6 44 19.3 2 7 1913 7 533.9 29 18.1 3 19 3 399 152 359.6 43 104.0 4 19 5 499 295 921.0 62 59.9 5 23 7 240 466 938.5 81 70.0 6 18 9 353 369 534.6 99 97.4 7 24 11 661 597 882.8 125 166.8 8 18 13 248 259 896.0 147 63.2 9 14 15 776 692 487.2 161 103.0 b) The characteristic discriminant function equation for each instar 1 12 1617 19 300.6 44 19.3 2 7 2 029 7 974.9 43 21.6 3 19 4 206 348 639.1 57 101.0 4 19 8 232 1 493 098.0 89 129.7 5 23 12 771 4 103 739.0 133 246.1 6 18 20 057 6 434 230.0 195 550.8 7 24 29 782 12 897 090.0 297 1 313.0 8 18 37 865 6 997 251.0 400 602.9 9 14 53 527 28 516 160.0 582 1 448.1 INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 53 Appendix table 5 -- continued. c) For separating ins tars 1 and 2 Selection Discriminant Instar 1 Instar 2 function Y 52 Y- 52 1 1 234 691 844 988 928.0 239 588 426 968 320.0 2 231 956 870 550 016.0 242 323 412 000 256.0 2 1 3 229 140 323.3 3 659 72 838.2 2 3 116 169 622.6 3 772 76 134.6 3 1 421 530.4 510 1 391.5 2 415 624.0 516 1 787.3 4 1 291 452.4 357 '764.5 2 286 518.9 362 1 036.0 5 1 44 55.5 78 152.6 2 38 103.2 85 287.8 6 1 318 334.3 395 1 202.0 2 312 402.1 400 1 562.2 ' d) For separating instars 2 and 3 1 2 2 305 21 906.5 4 435 243 971.2 3 1 589 51 919.9 5 150 576 820.5 2 2 135 117.5 156 335.6 3 128 233.5 207 476.3 3 2 104 135.8 151 227.8 3 94 171.5 161 372 .9 4 2 65 102.6 103 140.2 3 56 116.2 112 254.9 5 2 33 49.2 51 76.7 3 31 78.9 54 119.2 6 2 98 95.3 152 227.6 3 90 '149,8 160 376.2 e) For separating instars 3 and 4 1 3 10 490 2 377 104.0 16 893 3 158 122.0 4 9 265 4 377 426.0 18 117 6 276 023.0 2 3 222 646.4 364 237.3 4 191 1 127.6 395 458.0 3 3 154 341.5 252 271.1 4 138 606.5 268 466.3 4 3 104 216.3 180 204.1 4 90 399.4 194 375.0 5 3 39 64.5 57 93.8 4 37 94.7 59 142.9 6 3 153 347.5 251 268.7 4 137 610.5 268 465.7 TNSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 54 Appendix table 5 -- continued. f) For separating instars 4 and 5 Selection Discriminant Instar 4 Instar 5 function - 2 - 2 Y 8 Y 8 1 4 14 764 7 286 252.0 23 053 12 148 530.0 5 13 494 12 310 524.0 24 106 19 783 072.0 2 4 164 230.9 233 405.9 '5 153 323.3 243 617.8 3 4 101 69.5 162 307.8 5 92 114.6 171 525.2 4 4 77 59.5 124 230.8 5 70 101.3 131 390.6 5 4 28 33.9 51 75.5 5 24 64.9 55 145.5 6 4 99 62.2 160 309.5 5 114 134.2 200 624.4 g) For separating ins tars 5 and 6 1 5 8 566 3 277 040.0 14 057 2 624 618.0 6 7 622 5 996 997.0 15 001 4 836 830.0 2 5 138 282.7 189 274.9 6 130 390.1 197 404.0 3 5 ' 74 135.9 117 161.9 6 67 233.4 124 264.4 4 5 74 138.4 117 156.2 6 67 232.3 124 265.0 5 5 34 57.8 50 84.0 6 31 87.3 53 135.5 6 5 60 79.6 96 176.7 6 55 134.6 101 287.3 h) For separating ins tars 6 and 7 1 6 34- 201 20 123 968.0 50 512 30 230 272.0 7 32 238 30 872 200.0 52 475 46 326 544.0 2 6 128 235.6 191 271.3 7 117 411.9 202 395 •. 1 3 6 103 173.0 157 231.2 7 96 271.2 164 368.8 4 6 103 175.6 157 230.6 7 96 270.7 164 364.1 5 6 38 68.3 63 82.3 '7 34 120.1 67 149.1 6 6 66 111.8 103 147.0 7 61 180.7 108 242.4 INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 55 Appendix table 5 -- continued. i} For separating ins tars 7 and 8 Selection Discriminant Instar 7 Instar 8 function -Y s2 -Y 52 1 7 27 160 11 380 219.0 34 886 5 633 121.0 8 26 698 13 906 342.0 35 433 7 313 539.0 2 7 222 547.7 294 300.1 8 215 726.2 302 432.5 3 7 198 530.4 265 218.7 8 192 727.3 272 295.4 4 7 189 489.9 253 225.3 8 183 668.6 259 311.4 5 7 61 118.2 81 123.8 8 59 164.2 83 172.3 6 7 118 302.8 169 146.1 8 113 448.2 175 215.0 j} For separating ins tars 8 and 9 1 8 52 289 18 036 352.0 71 952 48 833 632.0 9 50 389 25 296 048.0 73 852 68 734 272.0 2 8 935 2 578.5 1 248 935.2 9 900 3 534.7 1 284 1 311.4 3 8 234 230.9 340 778.4 9 220 365.8 354 1 158.2 4 8 230 253.3 338 732.3 9 216 386.0 351 1 107.9 5 8 100 260.6 125 122.2 9 96 344.4 129 150.0 6 8 176 225.8 266 517.6 9 164 372 • .7 278 792.4 INSTAR DETERfvILNA'1'l UN JJA'l'A Calculation of quadratic discriminant function equations Step 1 The means of the variables for each of the groups are first calculated. n k X- ::: E X ijk i=l where k ;:::: 1, 2, ••• I g are groups th n ;:::: sample size in the k group k .th x. the 1 individual of the kth g:r:oup 1 = j = 1, 2, ••• I m are variables Step 2 The sum of cross-products of deviations from means is then calculated for each group. (X"k - X'k)(X'lk = L 1) J ~ 1 where j =1,2, .•• ,m 1 =1,2, ... ,m Step 3 The pooled dispersion matrix (pooled variance-covariance matrix) , D, is computed using the Sk matrices. g D E Sk k=l 9 E n - g k k=l where g = number of groups th .th An element in the i row and) column of the ma·trix is designated as s . .. 1J INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 57 step 4 1 Th e ~nverse' 0 f th'~s ma t'r~x, D- , ~s' th en f 'ound •. An e 1 ement ~n'h' t e ~ th th ' . row and j column of this matrix is designated as s~J. Calculation of the inverse is by the Gauss-Jordan method where the elements of a pivotal row, the covariances, are divided by a pivot (diagonal) element, the variance, and·every other row is reduced by the products of its elements times the modified elements of the pivot row (Searle, 1966). As a result of this 1 operation, when the matrix D is multiplied by its inverse D- , an iden"tity matrix I is obtained (an identity matrix is a matrix containing l's in the diagonal elements and O's in the off-diagonal elements). The lengthy formulae required to invert a matrix are given by Pennington (1970). Step 5 The coefficients and constant for each of the k* == 1, 2, ••• , g discriminant functions are now computed. Coefficients: m ij - ::;: s 0 X C'k E jk ~ * j==l where i =1,2, ... ,m k = k* sij ::;: an inverse element of the pooled dispersion matrix D. Constant: m m 'I - ::;: -1/2 l: l: S J X X e jk 0 lk j=l 1=1 Step 6 By eva1 uat~ng. t h"e alscr~rn~nant .. f unc t'lons f or each 1.th ind1v1dua., 1 0 f th each k group, the probability of an individual belonging to an assigned group can be assessed. Discriminant functions: m = l: c'k + )=1, J * ~ x"k1) where k* =: 1, 2, ••• , g INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 58 ' .. Probability of being associated with the largest discriminant function: 1 = g (z - z ) L: e k* L k=l where ZL = value of the largest discriminant function. L = subscript of the largest discriminant function. Step 7 As a measure of the distance between groups, the generalized Mahalanobis D2 statistic, V, is calculated. Common means: Y. J Mahalanobis D2: m m ij V = L: L: s i=l j=l V can be used as chi-square (under assumption of normality) with m(g - 1) degrees of freedom, to test the hypothesis that the mean values are the same in all the g groups for these m variables. LITERATURE CITED PENNINGTON, R.H. 1970. Introductory Computer methods and numerical analysis. 2nd edition. Macmillan, New York. 497 p. SEARLE, S.H. 1966. Matrix algebra for the biological sciences (including applications in statistics). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York. 296 p. INSTAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 59 Worked example The calculation of discriminant function equations is illustrated using the simplest case of discriminating between two groups by two variables. The tvlO groups are the 3rd and 4th larval instars of A. tillyardianum, and the two variables are numbers 5 (mandible length) and 10 (antennal segment 3 length) of the standardization set of data. Sample size in each cape is 19. 1. Means for the variables of the groups. Notation of the Xl matrix elements Instar 3, 76.936 75 58.578 86 X I 1.1 Instar 4, 105.210 45 84.057 83 II 2. Sum of cross-products of deviations from means x Xl 2 1nstar 3'1 xl 529.164 22 400.290 04 X· 400.290 04 548.131 58 2 Instar 4'II 495.517 89 402.448 42 402.448 42 1406.986 31 3. Pooled dispersion matrix, D Notation of the x xl 2 matrix elements 28.463 32 22.225 31 5 5 xl 11 12 x 22.225 31 54.308 75 5 5 2 21 22 4. Inverse of pooled dispersion matrix, D- I Notation of the x matrix elements xl 2 11 12 xl 0.051 63 -0.021 13 s 5 21 22 X -0.021 13 0.027 06 5 5 2 5. To check the distinctness of the ins tar groups, the Mahalanobis D2. statistic V is computed. iNS TAR DETERMINATION DATA AP 60 Common means:. . .Y = 91.073 59 y 2 = 71. 318 33 l where - (19 • 76.936 75) + (19 • 105.210 45) .Yl := 19 + 19 Calculation of the generalized Mahalanobis D2 statistic gives the value 269.785 40 with 2 degrees of freedom, demonstrating that there are significant differences between the instar groups. 6. Discriminant functions 2.734 64 ~ xl - 0.040 49 ~ x - 104.010 82 2 3.656 10 • xl + 0.051 56 I x - 194.496 34 . = 2 The coefficient for the variable xl of the discriminant function associated with instar 3, c • ' is calculated as follows. I l 11 - == S Ql XLI + = (0.051. 63 ~ 76~936 75) + (-0.021 13 fl 58.578 86) = 2.734 64 The constant for the discriminant function associated with instar 3, c r .o' is given by: C LO = = -1/2 «2.734 64 e 76.936 75) + (-0.040 49 • 58.578 86» " == 104.010 82 7. Group membership probabilities of individuals Measurements of individuals are now substituted in the equations. For example, an individual with mandible length of 85.0 ~m and antennal segment 3 length of 60.5 ~m gives discriminant values of Zr (instar 3) = 125.984 zII(instar 4) == 119.392 Since zr is larger than this individual is a member of instal:: 3. The probability of this individual being associated 1I7ith instar 3 can be calculated as being 0.998 63. INSTAR DETERHINATION rnOGRAMS AP 61 Corr.puter program for l1ultiple Discriminant Function Analysis M[;lSG. (FOIlTR"N IV language for an IBM 360/44 lIB chine). MOUEL 44 PS VERSION 3, LEVEL 3 DATE 723<'7 C MOl5C001 C ,..01SC001 C ...... 11> ••• "...... ~gl~~gg~ ~ MULTIPLE CISCQ[M[~~NT FU~CT[CN ANALVSIS - MCISC C C fleCI FICl\lICr-- CF [BfI APLICATICN PRCGRAfi C 5VSTEM/360 SC[ENTIFIC SUBROLTINE P~CKAGE C T. K. CRCS8Y ALGUST 1'H1 ~ C C PURPOSF. C Te CLASSIFY A~ [NCIV[CUIL INTO CNE CF SEVERAL CATEGCR[ES C USING A SE~[F.S CF flE~SUREfiENTS. IN flCST CASES IT CAN AE C ASSUMED T~aT T~ERE ARE • FI~ITE NUW8ER OF CATEGCRIES CR C PCPUL6T[C~S FRCfI WHICt THE INCIVICUAL MAY ~.VE CO,E A~C C EACH PCPULATIC~ [S CPARACTERIZEC ev A PRC2A21LITY C DISTRI8UTIC~ CF THE MEASUNEfiENTS. C C C C MET~O~ET Cf L[~EAR FUNCTIO~S IS CALC~LATED FROM A STANOAROIlATIC~ C SET OF eATA C~ GRCUPS TC ALLOw T~E CLASSIFICATICN OF C INDIVIC~ALS I~TC C~E CF SEVERAL GRCUPS. T~E CLASSIFICATICN C OF iN IND[VIDLAL IS PEAFOR'ED ~Y EVALUATING EAC~ CF T~E C CAlCULATEe LINEAR FUNCTIONS, THEN fI~CING T~E GROUP FCR C WHICH T~E VALLE IS LARGEST. THE ll~E.R FUNCTIC~S CAN BE C USED FOR EVALUATING A~CTHER TEST SET CF NE" [NCIVICLALS TO SeE kHIC~ GPCUP THEV BELCNG TC (CISCRI'I~ANT E EVALuaTIC~ FRCGRA'). C C r~ETHCD I'CISCO 4 C REFER TC 'P~O CCMPUTER PRr.GRA~S ~A~UAL't ECITEC BY h. J. flCISCO 5 C CIXC~, UCLA 1964, ANQ T. W. ANCERSON, 'I~TRCCLCTI(h TC I'CISCO C C 'ULTlvaAIAT~ STATISTICAL ANALVS[S', JO~N kILEY A~C SONS, t'CISCC 7 C 19~8, SECTIC~ c.6-L!!. 'CISCC 8 C C SUBRCUTI~~ SLAPRCGRA~S RECUIREC C DAU C UM"T X C MINV C 01 SCR ~ READ FOR EACH Ct.TA SET ARE t C 11 A PRCBL,,'" PARA'ETE'1 ~ARCI C 21 A CA~[ CC~TAIr--lNG THE THA~SF(R'ATION CC[Es FCR T~E C C 31 xae:~'k~~~ FORMAT CARC CE5~RleING T~E PUNCHING CF T~E C I"'PU OTA, A"O C 41 THE DATA WHIC~ ARE PLACED IN A 3-C!MENS!Q~Al fOPTRAN ARRAV. C C FClLCkl~G A~E A VARIAelE ~U~RER CF SELECTIC~ CA~DS TC SELECT C DATA ~UP'SFTS C 5) T~E FIRst TVPE INCICATING T~E GROUP Nl,eERS Te BE USEO IN C C 6) i~; ~~E~~tl¥~PE INCIC.TING T~E VAPIAelE NU~BERS Te ~E C ~SEC [N TPE SELECTICN. T~ERE ~AY BE SEVERAL (F T~ESE C CARCS FCR E'C~ GRCUP SElECTIC~ CARD. C C • eLANK CARC AFTeR 61 hiLL CALSE A ~E~ GRC~P SELECTICN CARD C TO BE READ. ThO ELA~K CARCS AFTER 61 hill CAUSE a ~Eh CATA SET C TC BE REAC Sl.RTI~G FROI' II. • CARC hlT~ • NEGAT[VE NL~eER C FCLLCWING THE SELECTIC~S INDICATES T~AT ALL A"'LV5ES HAVE eEEN C CCflPLETEr;. C I-'CISCC 9 C ...... (> ...... II II .... Oil ...... It ...... t' C [ SC (j C C flr.JSCC 1 C THE FCLlChI~G CI~E"SICN /lUST eE GREATER T~6N OR EQUAL Te T~E ~CISCC Z C NUfl8ER CF GRCUPS, K•• "[ISCC 3 C ~CISCC 4 o I fit liS [ON NI 91 C I'DISC01b C THE F~LLOWING CII-'ENSICN ~UST BE G~E.TER THAN OR EC~Al TO THE ~DI sco:n C hU'BtR CF V~R[AeLES, P •• HI SCC3ti C ~CI5C039 DI~ENSION CflEAN(3~1 C 'CI sceAl C THE FOLUCWING C.~E~S[CN ~UST BE GREATER T~AN OR ECUbL TC T~E flCISCC42 C PP.CCUCI CF fI*~ •• ~CISCC43 C flCISCC44 DI'ENSION xoaR1150' C ~C!SC046 THE FOLLCW[NG CI~EN5ICN ~UST BE GREATER 1~6N CA ECUAL TC THE ~c [S((;47 ~ PRCOleT CF 1~+l'*K •• /lCISCc~e C I'CI SC04 I'01SC062 ~ VECTOR CCNTAI~ING A CATA SUBSET C THE FCLLC~I~G CltJE~SIC~ ~UST BE GRE~TER THAN C~ ECLAt TC T~E "CIS(C63 C TCTAL DAlA P(I~TS hHICH IS ECUAL TC T~E FRCCUCT CF T*M •• "CISCC64 C tJCIS(065 DIMENSION XIHOOOI C C C OTHER D[MENS[ONS ADDEO TO THE [BM VERSION C C C VARIABLE FOR!lAT CARD DESCR[~I~G DATA INPUT ••• FMT C D[MENSION FMT(201 ~ TRANSFORMATICN COCES OF VARIABLES ••• ITRANS C DIf'ENSION ITRANS{401 C C V~CTCR CCNTAI~ING THE D~TA SET IN A 3-CIf'ENSICNAL ARRAV ••• XA C UII'ENSION XA(9,25,341 C C VECTOR CONTAINING ·THE GRCUP NU"SERS TO BE USEe IN A SELECT[ON C ••• KGRCUP C OIl'ENSION KGROUPI91 C C VECTOR CONTAIN[NG THE GRCUP SIZES TO ~E LSED [N A SELECT[CN , •• ~A C D[tJENSION N/l(ql c C VECTOR CCNTA[~[NG THE VA~[ABLE NUMeE~S TC BE USEC [N A SELECT[ON C ... KJ C O["'ENS[O~ KJf34) C C VECTOR FOR wR[T[NG OUT T~E [NVERSE OF THE POCLEC O[SPERS[CN C ,..ATR[X ••• De C o[ME NS [(IN, DB 134 1 ~ THE COMMON ARRAY XA MUST BE THE SAME D[MENS[ONS AS [N THE C SUBROUTINE S~BPRCGRAM DATA. C C I-'0[5C067 C ••••• III , ••••• III ...... It • /0 ••••• ;' •••• " •• 0' ••••••••• II ••••••••• iii ••••••••• tJ else 068 flCI SC069 ~ [F A CC~ALe PRECISION VERSICN OF T~[S RCUT[~E IS DESIREC, T~E /lCISCC7C C C IN CCLU"'~ 1 S~CULD eE RE",CVEO FRCfI THE COLBLF. PRECIS[C~ /JC[ scen C STATE"E~T h~[C~ FCLLChS. I'C[ SCC72 C /JCI sccn C COlRLE PREC[SICN Cf'EA~,XP.AR,C,CET,C,V,P H [SCC74 C flCISCC15 C THE C ~lST AlSC BE REPCUEC FROM CClP.LE PREe[S[e~ STAT5f'ENTS f'CISC07c C APPEAR[~G I~ CT~E~ RClT[NES USEC [~ CCNJLNCTICN w[T~ T~[S I'CISCC77 C Rr:UTI ~E. flC[SCCH C I'CI S(C79 C •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ~D(SCO~C C flC[ secel CfJl'MC!II XA C C ~ ~g~~~tl~~~I~i~~A1~1~!Nt3A~!t~~I!~~:!~lA4,A2/1g~C NU~8ER CF G~CLPS~C[SCC83 l,7X,)3/22H Nl,..eER CF vaR[AeLES,17/11~ SA/JPLE SIZES •• /12X,5~GRC'CISCCe4 2LP) /Jclscoes 3 FORI-'AT(12XI13,eX,[41 "c[Scetle 4 FORMAT(l~C 5 FORf1AT 120A41 "'C[SCC~7 t FORMAT(6MCGRClFl[3!7~ "'EANS/(eF15.S)) /JC[S(Ce9 7 FORMAT (lHC/' PlCLtO O[SPERSIC~ ~ATR[X (VAR[ANCE CCVAR[A~CE I-'4TKIX 11' I ~ ~8~~:tli~g~5~3A3~~~~e~·~Jl~s/leF15.5)) ~El~~~~~ le FORMATll~lll!l~ GE~ERALIZE[ 'A~ALANceIS [-SelIRE,FIS.5111 ~CISCC93 11 FO~M4TI22~COISCAI~INANT FU~CT[(H,I3/1~ 1~x,27~CC~STA~T • CCEFF~CISCC94 121~~~~~ffi~t/~ld~5~~~LUA~IC~'b~12L~§!f~~CA~idN5~(~eTIC~S FeR EAC~ [e~El~~g~~ 1SERVIIT IO~) ~c I SCCg7 13 FCRMATI6HOG~CUPi[3/1qX127~PRceIAIliTY ASSOC[AIEC h[T~,11~,7HLAAGESI'CISCCqe IT/13H ceSERVAT [~,5X,2q~LAAGEST CISCA['IN6NT fU~CT[CN,e~,12HFU~CTI'C[SCCGq 2[(1\ ""Col 'CISClCC 14 FOAMAT(l~ ,17[20~,FR.~,2CXI[tl /JC[SCICI 1~ fORMAT (tc GRClP ..... ',I III' reSERVAT[CN'! It FeRMAT ('C',[7,6X,10FIO.~/(14X,1CF1C.4)) 17 FCRt~AT U5,5F15.5/15F15.5)) 1f! FeRMAT 14C12) lG FORMAT 1'1 GRelPS LSED FCR T~E FCLLCk[~G S~RIES CF SELEC1[C~S' 1111X 'Ji41 ZC FORMAT 1'1 SELECTICN "'U'~E~ ••••• ',15/2X,~('-'),lX,61'-·) II l' VAR[ABLES lSEO [~ THIS SELECT[CN'114x,3513l 21 FOR'AT I'CAECLESTEC TkA~SFCR~AT[O~ [[C55 FOR V'R[AelES'1 110,40121 22 FORMAT I'CI~VcASE CF CISPERS[C~ 'ATA[X'l 2~ FORMAT ('CTME CETER'I~A~T CF IrE r.ISPEASICN !lATR[X WAS·,f2C.ol 24 FORMAT ('OTHE VALUE',F15.5,' C~N AE USED AS CH[-SQlARE ~[TH',I31 I' CEG~~ES OF fREEr(~ TO lEST T~E HVPCTrES[S T~~T l~E !ltA~'I' VALLE INSTAR OOTERmNATION PROGRAl1S AP 63 MDIse -- continued. 25 ARE TH~ SA~E I~ ALL T~E'.12,' GRCUPS FCR T~ESE',13/' V~RIA8LES'1 I'C[SCI02 ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• •••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••• 'CISCl03 C I'(15CIC4 C READ PRCaLEI' PARA",ETER CARC ",CI5CIC5 C ",CISClC6 100 READ 15,1.ENO-Qqql PR,PA1.K,MtIDATAtIPU~OH1INlll,I=1,KI PR ••••••• PRCBLE", ~UMBE 'I'PY BE ~LP~A,.,EKIC' "CI SelDa E PRl •••••• PRCBLe", NUMBER ICCNTINUECI I'CISC109 C K •••••••• ~LI'~ER Of GRCUPS I'Clsell0 c M•••••••• ~U~BER OF VARIABLES I'CISCl11 C IDATA •••• PRINTCLT CF tATA INPUT CPTI(~ c C CR BLANK If ~OT REQUIREC 1 IF REQUIREC E IPUNCH ••• cISCRII'INANT EQUATIONS PUNCHED ONTC CARDS (PTION o C (R fLANK if ~CT REQUIREC C 1 IF RECUIREt C N•••••••• VECTCR OF LENGTH K CONTAINING SA",PLE SIZES !JOI SC112 C 11[;15(113 IF (K .LE. II GO TC 999 WRITE 16,21 PR,PRl,K,,., I'OliCll'" DC 110 I=I K I'CI~Cl 5 lle WRITE {6,3 I I.NIIl IICIse1l6 WRITE (6,41 /'I:'ISC117 C C READ TRA~SFC~'ATleN CODES eF VAR IIIBLES C READ {5,lBI ([TRANSII'l I • 11 M) WRITE (6,211 (ITIlANS(1 • I ,M) Eo READ VARIABLE FOR'AT OF CATA READ (5,SI F'T C C READ DATA SET ANO PLACE [N ARRAY XA C DC 130 I"l.K ",015C122 Nl"N( I) I'0[5C123 DC 120 JL ,,1 NI READ (5,FHT) '~A(I,JL,lJ), IJ C 1,"" C TRANSFOR/I OATA IF RECUIRED C CALL DATA 1M, I , J l, IT RAN 5 1 12C CO~TINUE 13C CONTINUE C C CHECK IF DATa IfiPUT IS TC BE PRIfiTED C IF IIOAlll .NE. 0) GO TO 142 GO TC 143 142 CC 150 I ~ 1, K WRITE 16 151 I Nl = fill 1 CC 14C J .. 1, 1\ 1 14C IIRITE (6,161 J, (XAI I ,J, IJIt IJ .. 1, f." 15C CONTII' C CI'AHCOI C •• e •••••••••• 6 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• V~ATXC02 C CI'ADCC3 C SURRCLl INE CI'ATX CI'A nC04 C CIJATXC05 C PURPOSE D~AT~C06 C CO~PLTE "EA~S OF V~RIABLES IN EAC~ GPOLP A~C A PCOLED C"AT~CC7 C DISPERSICN IJATRIX FOR ~LL THE GPCLPS. NCR~~LLV T~IS SUB- CI'AT~COe C ROLTI~E IS LSED IN TrE PERFOR"ANCE OF CISeRII'I~A~T ANALVSIS.CI'AT~CC9 C C!'AHOlC C USAGE c"AT~011 C CALL Ol'~TX CK,I',N,~.XHAR.O,CI'EA~I Cl'AT~012 C CI'AH013 C DESC~IPTIC~ CF PARAMETERS CI'ATXC14 C K - ~U"BER OF G~CUPS C"A1~015 C ,., - ~Ul'BER OF vAPIAeLES I~LST ee TrE SAIJE FOR ALL Cl'AT~Ol6 C GRCUPSI. C"AT~017 C N - INPUT VECTCR OF LeNGT~ K CCNTAINING SAI'PLE SIZES OF C"ATX01B C GRCLPS. 0l'AT)019 C - I~PLT VECTCR CONTAINING CATA IN TPE I'A~NER EQUIVA- C"AT)C2C C C it~!l!II! ~i~~~;~~!C~~E.FC~~~A~I~~~A~ue~t~l~tlls E~~i~g~~ C CASE NU~OERJ T~E SECOND sueSCRIPT IS VARIAeLE NU~AERC~AT~023 C ANC THE THIRC SueSCRIPT IS GROUP N~~BER. T~E D~AT~C24 C lEN~TH OF ~ECTCR X IS EQUAL TO T~E TOTAL ~L~BER OF C~AT~025 C CATI POINTS, l~~, W~ERE T = N!11.N!21+ •••• ~IKI. C'ATXC26 C XBAIl CLIPUT MATR X II' X KI CC~TAINING "EANS OF ~ARIABLES C~Al~C27 C IN K GRCUPS.· C"~lXC28 C D OUTPUT ~ATRI. 1M x ~I CC~TAINING POOlEC CISPERSION. C"ATXC29 C CI'EA~ - hCRKING VECTOR CF LENGTH M. C~A1~030 C C~AHO~H C REMARKS CI'AD032 C THE ~U~BER CF VARI~BLES MUST BE ~REATER T~A~ OR EQLAL TO C'APcn C THE ~U'BER CF GROUPS. C'ADC34 C C'ADO::!5 C SUBROLTIhES AND FU~CTIO~ SUBPROGRAMS REQUIRED C/iA UC36 C NO"I! C/iADC37 C CIIADC3€ C METHOD CIIATX039 C REFER TO 'B~C COMPLTER PIlOGRA~S ~A~UAL'I ECITEC BY ~. J. CflADC40 C CIXC~, LOLA 1 19641 ANC T. W. A~DEP5CNl 'I~TRCDLCTIC~ TC CIIA D041 C MULTIVARIATE STAT STICAl ANALYSIS' Ju~~ ~ILEY A~C SCNS, C 1958, SECTIC~ 6.6-~.8. ~ B~H~g2~ C ['ADC"4 C •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• C~AT~045 C C'AD046 SL8RCUTI~E C~ATX 'K'~jNJXI~BAR D,C"EANI . DIMENSION Nll' , Xt11,XSAR! I,DIll,CHEANlll C O~jATX049 C ...... , ...... "·8~~t~g~r C C IF A CCLBLE P~ECI510N VERSICN OF T~IS RCUTI~E IS CESIREG1 T~E C/iATX052 f. C IN CCL~'~ l SHCULD eE RE~CVED FRC' THE [CLeLE PRECISICN CI'AT)053 C STATE'E~T ~~tcr FOlLC~S. g~:~~g§~ C C OOLBLE PRECISICN ~BAR,D,C"EA~ ~~:l~g~~ C C THE C 'LST ALSC BE RE'C~EC ~RC~ DCUBLE PRECISICN STATE~ENTS D'ATI058 C APPEARI~G I~ CT~ER RCLTINES USED lh CCNJUNCTICN WIT~ 1PIS ['AT~059 C RDUTI~E. CI'AT~060 C C'AD061 C ...... ••••••••• C~AT~062 C C~A D063 C INITIALIZATICN C E~:l~g~~ 'M=M*M C~AT~Oc6 DO 100 1=1," C'ATXC67 ICC C D(I'=o.O g~~i~g~S C CALC~lATE ~EbNS C"AT~C70 e C,.,A DC7l N4=0 C'ATX072 L=C c""nCB LM=O CI'ATXC74 DO 160 NG"l,K CI'ADC75 Nl=NIt\GJ ["AnCH FN=Nl CIIAHC77 DC 130 J=l," C~AnC78 L~=LM+l Cf;lADC79 xeARCLfoq"O.O CIIA1)C8C DC 120 l=l,~l CI'ATXOe1 l=L+l G~A PCB2 12C XeAR{l~I=~eAR(L"'+xILI CIIA HCB::! 13C XBARIL~I=XBARILMI/FN C'A T ~OB4 C C'A nOe? C CALCULATE ILl'S Cf [PCSS-PROOLCTS OF CE~IATlO~S C"ABOSc C C~A DCS7 LI'EAN=L~-fI C~ATXOE'B CC 150 1=1,11'1 CI'A Poeg LL=N4+I-~1 0~ATXC9C DC 140 J=l,~ C~ATXC91 LL=lL+N1 C,.,ADC92 ~2=L"EAN+J CI'ADC93 14C C~EANIJI=xILLl-XP.ARI~21 C~ADC94 LL=O C'AT~C95 CO 150 J=lt" C'APC<;t DC 150 JJ= ," C"ADC97 LL=LL+l C'ADC98 15C DILLI=DllLI+CI'EA~{JI·CMEANIJJI CI'AHC9'i 16C N4=N4+Nl*II C"AT)(10C C!'AHI01 CALCULATE T~E PCCLEn CISPERSIC~ ~ATRIX C/iATX1C2 CI'ATX1C3 LL=-K CI'ATX1C4 DO 110 l:l,K CIIATXIC5 17C LL =Ll+N II I C"ATXlC6 FN=Ll C"~TX1C7 C"AHlce 18C g~d~gdj}~~" C"AHIC9 C C,.,ABllC RETURN C,.,JlTX1ll ENC CIIAH1l2 INST.~R DETERMINATION PROGRAHS liP 66 MDISe -- continued. MINV COL ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• MINV 002 C IIINV C03 C SUAROUTlNI; IIINV II INV 004 C I'INV C05 C PURPOSE I'INV CCb C INVE~T A I'ATRIlI. ~IN~ CC1 IIINV C08 ~ USAGE fllNV ceq C CALL IJII\VIA,f\,e,L,"I "INII OlC C I'INI/ ell C OESCRIPTICI\ Cf PARAMETERS "I/(I/ 012 C A - INPeT /lATRIX, C~STRCVEC IN eel'PUTATION AND REPLACED BY 'INV C13 C RES~lTAI\T INVERSE. I'INII C14 C N - CReER CF MATRIX A I'INI/ CI5 C D - ~ESUlTA~T rETER~INdNT I'INII Olb C L - WORK VECTOR Of LENGT~ ~ ~INII 011 C /I - WO~K VECTeR OF LENGT~ N 'INV 018 C I'INV 019 C 1 C CCNTAINEC IN P.IGA) I'[N\I 0'1'1 C II [Nil 10C 45 [FIBIGA' 48,46,49 I'[NV 101 46 0=(;.0 !'INV 102 RE TURN "INV lC3 48 DO 55 1=11" /lINV 104 IFIl-K' 50,'55,50 !'[NV 105 5C IK=NK+I " INV ICc AIIK':AIIKI/I-BIGA' "INV 107 55 CONTINUE II[NV lOS C "INII 109 C REDUCE I"ATRIX "'[NII 110 C IIINV 111 DO 65 l=ltN II[NV 112 II< .. NK+1 "INII 113 HOlO=AIIKI /lINII 1'01 IJ=I-N " INII 114 DO 65 J=l,1I /I [Nil IJ"IJ+N "INII 1Ip 6 IFII-KI 60,65,t:0 I'INII 117 6C IF J-K, 62.65,t:2 I'[NII 118 62 KJ=IJ-I+K I'[fllI 119 AIIJI=HOlC$AIKJ,+AIIJI I'INII ,..02 65 CONTINUE I'INII 121 C I'INV 122 C DIVIDE RO~ ey PIVOT !'[NII 123 C /lINII 124 K.J=K-N I'INII 125 00 75 J=I.1\ I'INII 126 KJ=KJ+N !'[NII 127 IFIJ-K' 7C,75 70 "11\11 128 7C AIKJI=AIKJ lelGAt I'[NV 129 75 CONTINue !'INII 130 C I'INII 131 PRODUCT OF PIVCTS "INV 132 ~ /lINV 133 0:O>l<8IGA !'INV 134 C "'INII 135 C REPLACE plvor BY RECIPRCCAl MINII 136 C ~INV 137 AII MDISC .~ continue•• ~ REI>1ARKS gUE~g~i C THE ~U~P.ER CF VARIAeLES ~UST BE GREATER THA~ OR ECvAL TO CISCR052 C THE NU~RER CF GROUPS. CISCP053 C CISCR054 C SU8RClTINES A~C FUNCTIC~ SUePRCGRA~S PECUIREC CISCP055 C NOt.E IllSCRC5b £:ISCP057 ~ METHOC CISCR058 REFER Te 'e~c CeMPlTER PROGRA~S ~A~UbL·. eCITEC ev ~. J. 015CR059 ~ DIXCt. UCLA! 1964t A~D T. w. ANOERseN! 'INTRCDLCTIC~ TC CISCRC6C ~ULTIVAftIATf STATISTICAL ANALYSIS'. Ju~N wILEY A~C SCNS. CISCR06l ~ 1958, SECTIQ~ b.6-e.!. . £:IseR062 C 0lSCR063 C •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• OlSCP064 C CISCRC65 sueROUTINE DISCR 11('~jN.X1XBARill.C~Eb~lV C P LG' DIMENSION NI1',Xlll.XuAR(1,.D( '.CMEAN IJ.CI{,.Pll,.LGI11 DISCR068 E ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• CISCPCf9 C OISCRC70 C IF A DClBLE PRECISION VERSION OF THIS ROUTI~E IS CESIREC. T~E OISCRC71 C C IN CeLU~N 1 SHCULD eE RE~OVEO FRO~ THE cel8LE PRECISION CISeROn C STATE~E~T ~~ICH FCLLOkS. CISCRC73 C 01SCIlC74 C COLBLE PRECISICN ~eAft.D,C~EA~,V.C,SU~.P.PL CISCPC75 C CISCROH: C THE C ~lST $LSC 8E RE~e'EO FRC~ OCleLE PRECISIC~ STATE'ENTS 0lSCRC71 C .PPEARI~G I~ CTHEft ROlTINES USED IN CCNJUNCTIC~ WIT~ THIS CISCRG78 C RCUTI~E. CISCR079 CISCRoeC ~ THE DCleLE 'RECISICN VEftSICN CF THIS SUBRCUTINE MlST ALSO CISCIlC81 CCNTAI~ OCUeLE PRECISIC~ FORTRA~ FU~CTIONS. EXP IN SlATE~E~l CISCR082 ~ 250 ~UST @E CH~~GEC TC cexp. CISCRC83 C CISCRC84 C ••••••••••••••••• e •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ~.DISCROe5 C CISCROBe C C~LCllATE CO~~CN ~EANS CISCIIC87 C CISCR088 l>il=NIlI 0lSCR089 CO 100 1=2.1( CISCRC'lC lCC N1=Nl+N I II CISCH9l F~T=Nl [JISCRcn DO 110 1=.1.1< DISCIl0'i3 110 P I I 1 "N II 1 CISCRO'l4 DC 130 l=l.~ CISCRC'l5 OIEANII'=O eISCRC'l6 N1=1-1>1 CISCRO'l7 DC 120 J=l.1< CISCIIC'le Nl"Nl+" CISCIl099 1tC C~EANII.·CI'E~~III+PIJ'·Xe~RI~11 DISCRICC 130 CMEANII'=CI'EANJII/FNT OISCRIOl C 0lSCRIC2 C CAlClLATE GE~ERALflEC MA~ALANOBIS 0 SCUARE CISC~lC3 C CISCRtc4 L=C CISCIlIC5 DC 140 1"1.1< OfSCfllCc DC 140 J=l.~ 0ISC~lC7 L=L+l . 0ISC~lC8 140 CILI=XBARILI-C~EAN(JI OlSCIIIC9 V=O.O CISCflllC L=O CISClllll oe 100 J=l.1' GISCR1l2 DC 160 1=\,1' DISC R 113 Nl=I-'" CISC~li4 N2=J-1d CISCR1l5 SUI'=O.O CISCIl1l6 CC 150 IJ=1.I< CIS0117 N1"Nhf' CISCfllle N2=N2+1' CISCRllq 15C SU~"SU"+PIIJI·CIN1'.~IN21 CISCIl12C l=L+1 CISCllla 16e V=\I+OILI*SUM CISCR122 CISCRl23 CALCIJLAT'.' THE ceEFFICIENTS OF CISCRII'INb~T FUNCTIC~S 015CR124 CISCfll~5 N2=0 0lSCIl126 CO 190 KA:1,K CISCIl127 DC 170 I=1,~ CISCR 28 N2=N2+1 015CR129 170 PI I1=)(BARI~tl CfSCP13C IC=I~+l'·IKA-l)+l DISCRDl SU~"O.O DISCR132 CO 180 J"l.~ CISCR133 tll=J-M CISCfl134 DC 180 L=l.~ DISCfl135 N1=N1+~ CISCfl136 18C SUI'=SU~+CI~ll.PIJ'·PILI CISCR137 CIIQI=-ISI.I'/'.O CISCR138 00 1'10 1=1.~ CISCR139 N1=I-I' CISCIll4C IQ=II;1+1 0150141 C(lOI=O.O CISeR142 DO lQO J"l,~ CISCR143 N1=Nl +~ CISCP144 190 CIIQ.=CIIQI+GINl,*PIJI CISCR145 CISCR14b FOR EACH CASf IN EACH GRCUP. CALCULATE •• CISCR147 INSTAR DETERMINATION PROGa~MS AP 69 l>fDISC -- continued. C LISCIl14B C DlSCRI~I~ANl FuNCTIONS C15Cl<149 C 0[SCIl150 U1ASE=0 DISCIl151 "11=0 1:15CI'152 DO 270 KG=l.~ CISCI<153 [;[ SCR DOf\f\~JII'I C C ...... 1 F T IZOMI Z F T 140121 3 f AT • NUMBER OF VARIABLES ~ '.1511' SIZE OF THE GROUPS ••••• 'II 1 0 GROUP'I 4 FORMAT C'l GROUPS USED FOR THE FOLLOWING SERIES OF SELECTIONS' ll/U 9141 5 fORMAT C'l SELECTION NUHBER ••••• ·!15/ZX.91·_·,.1X.6C·_·,11 1 • VARIABLES USED IN THIS SELECTluN'114X,35I31 6 FORHAT CIS. 5F15.5/15F15.511 1 FORMAT 1'0 DISCRIMINANT EQUATION ••••• ·.12117X.·CONSTANT CO lEFFICIENTS'll' ·tF14J5.' * 't 2. 7F14.5/CZ4X.1F1~.51 8 FORMAT ('0'111' GROUP ••••• ' II/ZX~5I'-'11 9 FORMAT 1'0 OBSERVATION'15X,'OISCRIMINANT VALUE'I Ii FORMATI·O·.16~6X,12FIO.~1 1 FORMAT l'l"20A41111 1 FORHAT nX11l,SX,litl 3 FORMAT '0 GROUP ••••• ',1111' OBSERVATION"I FORMAT 'O'l17.6X,10FIO.4/114X.10F10.411 1415 FORMATI15,6flZ.2/16F12.211 C READ AND PRINT HEADING CARD OF DATA SET ~ 100 READ 15,l.END-999,ERR=9991 HEADNG C WRITE 16.111 HEADNG READ THE GROUP DIMENSIONS OF THE DATA SET READ 15,21 KA. M, CNIII, I • 1. KAI KA ••••• NUMBER OF GROUPS H•••••• NUMBER OF VARIABLES INSTAR DETERl4INATION PROGRNI,S AP ?l DSEV continued. NIII ••••• SIZE OF THE GROUPS IF 1M .LE. 01 GO TO 999 WRITE 16,31 " .• DO 150 I" 1• K.. 150 WRITE 16.12' I. NIII C READ TRANSFORMATION CODES OF VARIA8LES ~ READ 15,21 IITRANSIII. I • 1. MI ~ C READ VARIABLE FORHAT OF DATA C READ 15.11 FMT C DO 165 I " 1. KA I'll .. NIII DO 160 IH = 1, I'll READ DATA SeT AND PLAce IN ARRAY o READ (5,FM11 lO(I.IH.JI. J -1, HI E TRANSFORM DATA IF REQUIRED C 160 CALL DATA IM.I.IH.ITRANSI C 165 CONTiNUE C C PRINT THE INPUT DATA. THE TRANSFORMED VALUES ARE PRINTED IF TRANSFORMATION WAS REQUeSTED ~ DO 175 I .. 1, KA WRnE 161131 I ~A i7~ IH .. 11 I'll 170 WRITE 16,1.41 IH. IDII,IH,JI. J " 1. 1011 175 CONTINUE C C READ GROUP NUMBERS SELECTION CARD C 200 READ 15,21 NGROUP. IKGROUPIIII. II .. 1, NGROUPI ~ NGROUP •••• NUMBER OF GROUPS TO BE USED IN THIS SERIES C KGROUPIIII •••• THE NUMBERS OF THE GROUPS TO BE USEO t IFINGROUPI999.500,20 C C IF NEGATIVE! CALCULATIONS COMPLETED C IF ZERO OR BLANK~ CONTROL IS TRANSFERRED TO STATEMENT NUMBER 500. AND DISCRIMINANT VALUES ARE PRINTED ~ IF POSITIVE. CONTINUE C 20 CONTINUE WRITE 16,4) IKGROUPIII). II s 1, NGROUPI KL = 1 IDIS"'l HGROUP • NGROUP DO 80 II a I, NGROUP 80 LGROUP III = KGROUPIIII READ VARIABLES NUMBERS SELECTION CARD 300 READ 15,2) NEQ. NKJ. IKJIJJI, JJ a 1, NKJI NEQ •••• NUMBER OF EQUATIONS IN THIS SELECTION NKJ •••••• NUMBER OF VARIABLES IN THIS SELECTION KJIJJI ••• THE NUMBERS OF THE VARIABLES TO BE USED IN SELECTION C~ IF (NEQI 999. 200, 30 IF NEGATIVE! CALCULATIONS COMPLETED IF lERO OR 6LANK~ GO TO STATEMENT NUMBER 200 TO SEE IF DISCRIMINANI VALUES ARE TO BE PRINTED IF POSITIVE, CONT NUE 30 CONTINUE WRITE 16,51 KL, IKJIJJI. JJ '" 1. NKJI KL .. KL ... 1 00 60 Ka l.NEQ READ THE DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION EQUATIONS READI5,61 NCOEF, ICOEfll', I • 1. NCOEFI NCOEF ••• NUMBER OF COEfFICIENTS IN THE EQUATION IPLUS CONSTANT I COEF •••••• THE CONSTANT AND COEFFICIENTS OF THE EOUATION WRITE 16,11 K. (COEFIII. I = 1, NCOEFI IOBS=1 CALCULATE THE DISCRIMINANT VALUES FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL DO 50 II " NGROUP LG .. KGI\OUPIlf II Nl"NILGI INSTAR DETERMINATION PROGRAMS AP 72 DSEV -- continued. 00 50 AH .. I, I'll ~~M""l • SUH 2 tOEFIN 2'Nu J DO itO JJ III 1 • " JI( .. KJIJJI 1'12 .. 1'12 +1 ,.0 SUH = SUM + tOEFIN2' '" OllG.IH.JKI SSUMII015.[OBS,·SUM ~8 Ign:18n!l t GO TO 300 OUTPUT OF OISC~lMINANT VALUES 500 101S31015-1 HZ"Nl"~ 00 50 II • 11 MGROUP lG .. LGI\OUP I I , WII.lTEI6.8' LG WRlTEI6.9' laO [ .. LG . N1 .. H2+l NZ"N2+NII' 00 540 J"Nl,NZ l .. U·l . PUNtHTHE DISCRIMINANT VALUES WRITEll.L5Il.ISSUMIIDISN",.10ISN-1.10IS' ~ PRINT THE DISCRIMINANT VALUES C 540 WRITEI6110Il.ISSUMIIOISN,J',IDISNs1.10IS' 550 CDI'-IT lNUt; C .~ READ A NEW GROUP NUMBERS SELECTION CARD GO TO 200 C 999 STOP END Computer program for counting outlier discriminant values -- LIMIT. (FORTRAN IV language for an IBM 360/44 m9chine). C ...... tl ...... C C PROGRAM FOR COUNTING OUTLIER DISCRIMINANT VALUES - LIMIT C C T. K. GRCSHY NCVEM8ER 1971 C C PURPOSE C TO READ SETS CF DISCRI~IN'NT VALUESl AND FOR EACH SET, TO SEE C IF ANV ~AlLES liE CUTSICE T~E 95 pe~ CENT A~C T~~ 9S PER CENT C CCNFICF.~CE LI~ITS OF TrE SA~PLE SET. T~E I~PLT CISCRI~lN.NT C VALUES AAE THeSE PLNCrEC BY THE CISCRI~I~'NT EVALLAIIC~ PReGRI, C IOSEVI! I~r. TrE ~E.NS I~C V.RIA~CES CF TrE SlA~CA~CllITION C SETS REIC ev T~E SU8RCUTlhE SUHPRCGRA~ CUT IRE THCSE C PUNGHFC BY • ~CCIFIEC SCKAl AhC RC~LF (1969) A!.l PACCAA~. C C SLeRCUT[~ES t~c FL~CTIO~ SLePRCGR.~S RECLIREC C CUT C C C READ FOR EACI-' CATI' St-T ARE THE FCLLOI<[NG CARDS C 11 TI-'E NL~BER CF DISCRI~INANT VALUES ANC TrE ~ARIA~LE C FCR~Al CESCRlelNG T~E PUNCHING CF TrE CI5CRI~INANT VALLES C 21 Tr: CISeRI~[N.hT VALUES ~ SueRCUTlhE CUT IS CALLED FCA EAC~ SET CF CISCRI~INANT VALUES E ~~A~U~~n e~~I~~E~REFCi~~I~~A~gA~tilif~~RSb~~E~~~I~~~~L~A[l~E5ST C IS READ. C C ...... lit ...... Co ...... !II •• C C DIMENSION D1I]OI{DZI30J 031301.04(30){D5130"D61!OI.D71301,O!(30I, 10;(101.010(3CI,O 1130J.c121!CI,F'TI2CJ1 E ~EAO ~L'AEA CF DISCAI~l~ANT ~ALUES .~C ~'RIAeLE FCR'AT CF C !I\!PUT DATA C ICC A~AO(511'EhD.9qql~,(F'T([I.1 1,201 1 FORMAT 12.1qA4.A21 C C READ D[SGMI~I~A~T VALUES C DO 2 1=1, N 2 RE'D(51F~T) C1IIIIDZII'IC311 1,[4111.C51 II.D611'.C711 I.CEII,. lCQHl 1 ulelll,Dlll.l t C12 II CALL cuT(Cl.~,~HNL~H II . CALL OLTIC2,~.~H~l~8 21 CALL CUT(C3.~.~H~l,e 31 CALL OlT(C4.N.6HNL~P 4) CALL OvTICS,N.6~Nl~B 5) CALL ClTIC6.~,~H~L~P 61 CALL CUTIC1,N.~HNL~B 71 CALL CUT(C€.~,tH~L'R 81 CALL OUTIDq.~.6HNU~6 .1 CALL CUTIC10.N.6~~l~e'OI CALL CUTICll",b~~l~811) CALL CUT(C12,~,6H~U~B12' GC TO lee c 999 STep E'iD INSTI\R DETERMINATION PROGRAMS AP n LIIHT -- cO:lti:lued. E ...... 'II ••••••••••••••••••••••••• C C SlJflROUTIt\E r.UT C C USAGe C CALL CUT (V,NO,INFO) C DESCRIPTIG~ CF PARA~ETERS E v •••••• VECTOR CO~TAI~It\G CISCRI~It\ANT VALUES C NC ••••• ~L~eER CF OISCRI~INANT VALUES C INFO ••• ICF.t\TIFICATIO~ VECTCR C C SU~ROUTlt\ES d~C FU~CTION SLBPRCGRA~S RECLIAED C NCNE C C R~~ARKS c SE~ MdIt\LI~E PRCGRAM FCR FULL DESCRIPTION OF LSE E C C SUBRUUTI~E OUT(V,N01INFOI DI~ENSION V(1I,T<;(30),Tl(30),INFO(21 C C T VALUES AT 5 PER CENT LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE C DATA T~/12.786l4.30313.162,2.776!2.571'2.447,2.365'2.306'2.262, 12.22ti,2.201,2. 7Q,2. 60,2.145,2.1~1,2.12C,2.11C,2.101,2.0Q3,2.08b, 22.0eo,2.C74,2.Cb9,Z.Ob4,2.CbC,2.05t,2.C52,2.04e,2.C45 ,2.C421 C C T VALUES dT 1 PER CENT LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE C CATA Tl/63.65719.925,5.841,4.6C4,4.032,3.707,3.4~9,3.355,3.250, 13.1bQ,3.1Ct,}.v55,3.012,2.q77,2.q47,2.921,2.S9F.,2.87€,2.etl,2.A45, 2~N2~~ttAfl~~~.e07,z.797,2.787,2.779,2.771'2.7t~'2.75t ,2.75CI L15=C L25=O Lll=O L21=O C C REAO PAAAMET~RS CF STANDARDIZATION SET OF OISCRI~INANT VALUES C REAO(511lN,V~~RIS2 FORMAT 15,2F15.~I C C N•••••• NL~~ER (F VALUES I~ TPE STANCAROllATICt\ SET C VBAR ••• ~EAt\ CF STANCARCllATICt\ SET C S2 ••••• VARld~C, CF STANCAROIZATICt\ SET C S=SQRTIS21 TC5=T5IN-1l TOl=T1IN-lI DLl5=VIlAR-S*T05 DL25=VBAIH 5* TC5 CLll=VBAQ-S*TOl OL21=V!:IA~+S"TOl C r. CHECK IF A V6LLE LIES OUTSIDE THE ~5 CR Sq PER CENT C CC~FIOENCE LI~ITS C DC 11) I=l,NC IF(VIII.LT.DL15IL15=L15+1 IFIVIII.GT.DL25)L25=L25+1 IF(V(I).LT.CL1IILll=Lll+1 IFIVIII.GT.CL21IL21=L21+1 lC CC~TINUE L5=Ll'5+L 25 Ll=Ul+L21 PLCW5=FLr.ATIL151*lCC./FNC PUP5=FLC6TIL2~I·1CC./F~C ~TCT5=FLCAT(L51*lCO./FNC PLCWl=FLCATILllI*lCC./FNC PLPl=FLC~TIL21)·lCC./FNC PTCT1=FLCATIL1I*lCC./FNO PIt\5=10C.-PTCT'i ~1t\l=lCO.-PTCTl LI t\5=NC-L5 c L1t-.l=NC-Ll C PRI~T THt RESULTS OF THE ANALVSIS C ~RITElb 21(I'FC(J),J=~,2),VRAR,S,N 2 FORMAT(ICGRCLP ',A41A21I' ~EAt\'IF15.~,!X"STAN[. CEV. ',F15.5, 15X,'BASEC CN',13,' l~SERVATICN5 II 3 ~~~~~{?,3lt~s~~~fl~~f~~OE~11;~~~' O~SERVATIONS'II' ',T15 "1'Q5 PER CEt\T',T35,'q~ PER CENT'I' "T14"LOWER',T24"UPP~R"T34, 2'LCWE~',T4_,'~FPER'I'OLI~ITS',4X,4FIC.~IIII WRITEI6141LI\~,P[t\51LINl,PIN~,L5,PTCT5,LI,PTGT1,Ll~,PLCh!,Lll, IPLCWl,Ll5,PLP~,L21,~UPl 4 FORt~AT(' ',T13 1 't\UIiBER'lT22,'PER CENT'oT~3i'NL~ElER',T42"PER CEt\l' 1/'OWITPIt\'14X'~llelF12"')/' CliTSICE',~X,21 e,F12.~II'ceELC~',5X, 2211~,F12.~ I' ~eCVt',5X,2II8,F12.311111111 C RETUR~ END 'As DeLury (1954) has pointed out, the term "random sample" is often misused by biologists:" • in certain circles, there cannot be such a thing as a plain sample; it must be a 'randomsample'. Like 'damyankee', it is all one word. '" Morris (1960) Annual Review of Entomology 5:255 WAINUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 74 Appendix 5 W'ainui Valley stream sampling programme data Page Set out of data AP 75 The data for each sample AP 80 WAINUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 75 There are three data cards per sample, set out as follows. CARD 1 Column (-s) Information 1-25 Sample identification and characteristics 1 Identification column, W Wainui Valley stream, 2 Area, A == experimental channel, N == natural areas. 3-6 Day and month of 1971. 7-9 Day of the year. 10-11 Sample number 12 Section where sample collected. Experimental channel, D lower part M middle part U = uppe r part N = natural area 13-14 water ten~erature (OC) 15 Water level in experimental channel, L = low, M =: medium, H = high. 16-25 Characteristics of the sample stones. 16 Number of stones to make a sample of about 50 cm2 potential attachment area. blank = 1. 17-19 Potential attachment area in cm2 (read as F3.l). 20 Type of stone, A ~ experimental stone, N natural. 21 Thickness of stone, L = < 10 IDm"G == > 10 IDm. 22-24 Texture of stone 22 Smoothness, 1 == smooth, 0 ::::: rough. 23 Pitting, 2 =: pitted, 0 otherwise. 24 Ridges, 3 == ridges present, 0 = otherwise. 25 Stone shape, 1 = round, 2 - square, 3 ::: 4 =: triangular. 26-63 Number of Austrosimulium tillyardianum D'LUnb1eton (Diptera: Simuliidae) • 26-28 1st larval instar. 29-30 2nd larval instar. 31-32 3rd larval instar. WAINUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 76 33-34 4th larval instar. 35-36 5th larval instar. 37-38 6th larval instar. 39-40 7th larval instar. 41-42 8th larval instar. 43-44 9th larval instar. 45-47 Total nunmer of larvae. 48-53 Nmnber of unhatched pupae. 48-49 Males. 50-51 Females. 52-53 Total number of unhatched· pupae. 54-59 Number of hatched pupae. 54-55 Males. 56-57 Females. 58-59 Total number of hatched pupae (includes those not able to be sexed and those'showing evidence of predation). 60 Number of pupae smothered or shm.;ing evidence of predation. 61-62 Number of empty cocoons. 63 Number of egg masses on a sample stone (exceptional circumstances allowing laying). 64-76 Number of Neocurupira chiltoni (Campbell) (Diptera: Blephariceridae). 64 Eggs, P = present. 65-66 1st instar larvae. 67-68 2nd instar larvae. 69-70 3rd instar larvae. 71-72 4th instar larvae. 73-74 Total nmnber of larvae. 75-76 Number of pupae. 77-79 Number of chironomid larvae (2 species of slmfamily Orthocladiinae) (Diptera: Chironomidae). 80 Identification as card number 1 of sample. CARD 2 1 Nrnnber of chironomid pupae. 2-7 Number of Tasiocera sp. (Diptera: Tipulidae). 2 1st instar larvae. 3 2nd instar larvae. 4 3rd instar larvae. 5 4th instar larvae. 6 Total number of larvae. 7 Number of pupae. 8-9 Total number of Helicopsyche sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). 10-23 Number of pycnocentria evecta McLachlan (Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae) . 10-11 1st ins tar larvae. 12-13 2nd instar larvae. 14-15 3rd instar larvae. 16-17 4th instar larvae. 18-19 5th instar larvae. 20-22 Total number of larvae. 23 Number of pupae. 24-37 Number of pycnocentrodes aureola (McLachlan) (Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae). 24-·25 1st instar larvae. 26-27 2nd ins tar larvae. 28-29 3rd instar larvae. 30-31 4th ins tar larvae. 32-33 5th instar larvae. 34-36 Total number of larvae. 37 Number of pupae. 38--44 Number of Hydrobiosis parwnbripennis MCFarlane (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) • 38 1st instar larvae. 39 2nd ins tar larvae. 40 3rd instar larvae. 41 4th instar larvae. 42 5th instar larvae. 43 Total number of larvae. 44 Number of pupae. fir 10 45-51 Number of Hydropsyche colonica )\1cLachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). 45 1st insta~larvae. 46 2nd instar larvae. 47 3rd instar larvae. 48 4th instar larvae. 49 5th instar larvae. 50 Total ntmber of larvae. 51 NUInber of pupae. 52 Number of Olinga feredayi (t-1.cLachlan) larvae ('l'richoptera: Sericostomatidae) • 53 Number of Hudsonema amabilis (McLachla.n) larvae (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). 54-61 Number of Zelandoperla maculata (Hare) larvae (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae). 54-55 Small larvae. 56-57 Medium sized larvae. 58-59 Large larvae. 60-61 Total number of larvae. 62-69 Number of Deleatidium sp. larvae (Ephemeroptera: Lepto phlebiidae) • 62-63 Small larvae. 64-65 Medium sized larvae. 66-67 Large larvae. 68-69 Total number of larvae. 70-73 Number of Coloburiscus humeralis (Walker) larvae (Ephemeroptera: Siphlonuridae). 70 Small larvae. 71 Medium sized larvae. 72 Large larvae. 73 Total nu~ber of larvae. 74-79 Blank columns. 80 Identification as card number 2 of sample. WAINUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 79 CARD 3 1-8 Number: of Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) • (In nun size classes according to shell height) • 1 < 1 mm 2 1-2 nun 3 2-3 mm 4 3-4 nun 5 4-5 mm 6 > 5 nun 7-8 Total number of specimens. 9-12 Number of Hydrachnida mites. 9 Small. 10 Large. 11-12 Total number of specimens. 13 Number of Hydra SPa (Coelenterata). 14 Number of Dugesia montana Nurse (Platyhelminthes). 15 Number of inunature annelids. 17-24 Nunilier of Austrosimulium tillyardianum larvae moulted between coilection and preservation, each with the corresponding head capsule of the preceding larval instar. 17 2nd larval instar. 18 3rd larval instar. 19 4th larval instar. 20 5th larval instar. 21 6th larval instar. 22 7·th larval ins tar • 23 8th larval instar. 24 9th larval instar. 25 A "1" punched if a special feature had been noted on the data sheet. 26-79 Blank columns. 80 Identification as card number 3 of sample. WAINUI VALLEY STREAM SAM PLES AP 80 ...... l~ ...... f~ ..•....• ,~ ...... t~ ..•..... ,~ .....•.. t~ ...... I~ ...... ,O 1 14 MARCH 2 WA14 3 73 lM16L 431NGI 3 1 1 1 3 326 2 31 2 5 3 1 11 11 2 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 21 1 3 5 WA14 3 73 2M16L 433NG 213 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 6 1 4 5 1 1 2 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 8 WA14 3 73 3M16L2600NGI 31 1 1 4 1 1 1 9 1 1 11 9 1 1 735 4 41 2 2 2 2 2 10 1 3 3 1 113 2 10 1 2 3 3 11 WA14 3 73 4M16L 100NGl 3 1 51023212411101 1 1 2 2 4 3 4 1 1 6 1 12 13 1 1 3 14 WA14 3 13 5M16L 361NLl 2 1 1 2 1 15 5 1 6 5' 3 2 15 2. 2 111 2 16 5 4 1 10 3 11 WA14 3 73 6M16L 376NG 2 liZ 3 1 2. 512 5 31 1 111 1 18 1 2 8 2 13 1 1 1 3 441 1 2 2 19 20 WA14 3 73 lM16L '495NGI 33 1 1 9 112131015 68 1 1 2 2 6 2 1 9 1 21 1 122 4 11 1 1 2 22 ~ •••• ~.~.I ••••••••• I ••• ~ ••••• I ••••••••• I ••••••••• I •••• ••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• , ...... t~ ...... • f~ .•.••.•• ,~ .••.••.. 1~ ...... ,~ ...... t~ ...... I~ ...... yo 23 3 APRIL 24 WA 3 4 93 1M14L 451NGI 2 31011 5 3 2 2 3 3 42 4 4 5 215 1 11 25 1 1 3 5 1 1 2 26 27 . WA 3 4 93 2M14L 334NGI 32 211 5 9 8 4 210 5 56 5 4 4 91 28 22262 215 2. 2. 2 29 30 WA 3 4 93 3M14L 462NGI 33 415 4 5 6 2 1 8 4 49 1 1 1 31 1 928 38 3 2 1 6 8 4 12 2 32 33 WA 3 4 93 4M14L3132NGl 2111 6 7 4 1 3 210 8152 1 1 34 2 622 1 29 4 2 5 4 15 1 1 1 1 4 421 3 2 35 11 1 3 1 3 36 WA 3 4 93 5M14L 448NGI 34 38 5 41419 61012 8116 3 91 31 2 4 4 1 11 3 3 3 1 10 3 2 38 1 1 3 39 WA 3 4 93 6M14L 34.NGI 32 3 4 1 6 5 3 1 8 8 45 1 1 1 2 3 1 40 1 4 5 2 2 1 1 2 41 1 1 2 3 42 WA 3 4 93 lM14L 447NGl 33 8 5 1 2 1 4 5 26 11 43 42616 46 7 4 1 12 11 2 4 4 4 4 112 2. 44 45 WA 3 4 93 8M14L3112NG1233 19401414 4 2 2 6 6107 1 1 2 1 3 1 46 1220 2 34 8 3 2 1311 1 110 Ie 2 2 4 2 41 48 WA 3 4 93 9M14L 365NGI 33 1 1 2 5 3 3 5 410 34 1 1 2 1 49 5 6 1 12 1 3 4 2 50 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 WAINUI '[ALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 81 ...... I~ .. 8 ••••• f~ ...... f~ ...•.... t~ ...... i? ...•..• t~ ...... I~ ...... ,O 51 25 APRIL 52 WAl5 4115 lH12l 41ZNG1232 3 6 5 6 1 3 5 5 34 112 2 o 3 n 31 53 Z 3 6 1 10 5 1 6 3 1 16 1 1 13 13 2 2 2 54 1 1 1 3 55 WA25 4115 2M12l 437NGl 34 2 1 2 2 7 1 1 21 56 1 8 9 1 18 123 2 Z :3 37213 " 3 311 2 2 57 1 1 1 1 3 58 HA25 4115 3M12l 569NG 232 7 3 2 6 6 3 2 29 1 1 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 131 59 113 7 2 23 9231215 5 64711 1 3 112 5 5 4 4 2 60 1 1 1 3 61 HA25 4115 4H12l 332NG1 32 5 8 1 3 3 4 2 5 31 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 21 62 4 1 11 1 2 1 1 52 1 12 6 6 2 63 1 1 3 64 HA25 4115 5M12l2520NGl 2 111 1 1 1 1 65 1 712 19 102211 6 49 2 3 3 2 66 1 1 2 3 67 WA25 4115 6M12l 498NGl 32 4 It 8 5 7 2 3 7 2 42 3 3 335 2 2 101 68 2 2 2 6 2 1 11 7 3 10221 3 1 12 12 2 69 1 1 1 3 70 WA25 4115 7M12l 414NG12 2 2 5 3 2 3 3 7 7 32 1 2 2 1 3 41 n 11 411612 1 2 6 1 1 212 3 2 7Z 112 3 73 WA25 4115 OMI2l 449NGI 4 5 3 Z 2 3 1 1 5 3 25 1 H 11119 31 7 It 11 1 1 3 1 4 2 75 76 HA25 4115 9M12l 420NGl 3 2021Z11330 1 712 6131 2 2 4 1 1 3 b 2 11 1 77 413 4 21 1 011 4 1 25 11 2 4 4 2 78 112 3 79 WA25 411510M12L 208NG12 3 5 7 3 410 3 211 3 40 1 1 1 71 eo 210 2 14 It 61010 6 36 1 1 15 15 2 81 1 1 3 82 HAZ5 411511M12l 550NG1 3 1 1 1 2 630 914 6 10 1 22 7 B 37 11 83 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 3 1 1 2 84 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 WAINUI VALLEI' STREAH SAMPLES AP 82 ...... 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I~e ...... t~ ...... ¥~ ••.•••• ~t~ ... ~ .... l~ ...... ,O 85 2 MAY 86 WA 2 5122 1H13l 4~2NG 232 7 3 5 3 2 1 1 1 23 1 1 2 I 3 71 81 2 210 14 I 1 5 3 1 11 1 1 2 2 3 5 1 1 2 88 1 I 3 89 WA 2 5122 2H13l3402NlIZ 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 11 1 1 11'* 11 90 1 1 526 7 38 "54'6 1 201 21 3 3 2 22417 2 91 52 1 2 3 92 iliA 2 5122 3M13l 289NGI 33 58'} 3 5 3 8 5 '} 55 I 1 1 1 1 2 1 93 1 "" 7 1 2 2 4 '} 22 2 24 2 2 2 94 95 WA 2 5122 4H13l 290Nl 232 6" '+" 1 19 115 2.1 96 Z 2 211 '+ 2 2 2 91 98 WA Z 5122 SH13l 408NG1 " 5 812 6 3 1 4 5 2 46 2 2 '+ 555 10 21 99 1 1 511 16 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 6! 712 :3 2 100 1 1 3 101 WA 2 5122 6M13l 362NGI 32 25161113 8 8 3 6 6 96 1 1 2 2 1 3 4 21" 7 81 t02 1 1 112 2 522 122 1 1 2 103 1 1 1 3 104 HA .2 5122 1Hl3l 267Nl12 3 610 3 6 3 1 1 30' 51 105 610 16 "3 2 91 '} 1 10 1 1 Z 106 107 iliA 2 5122 SH13l 421NGl 2 5 '* 1 2 12 11 108 1 8 2 10 5 3 2 10 3 1 1 2 109 112 3 110 WA 2 5122 9Mlll 314Nl12 2 3 1 3 liZ 1 1 19 1 1 31 111 1 1 6 31 3 34 1313 610 1 4332 1 3 2 1 :3 2 H2 1 ]. 3 113 HA 2 512210H13l2532NGI 2 516 9 7 1 2 5 6 5 56 1 3 1 4 21 114 1 13 7 20 1 6 1 2 161 1 111 2 US 112 3 116 WA 2 512211H13l 459Nll 3 1 4 4 5 5 1 4 1 5 30 11 111 2 2 2 118 .... !.. !.I ••••••••• t ••••••••• I ••••••••• t ••••••••• t ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 WAlNUI VALLFY STREAM SAMPLES liP 83 ...... I~ ...... f~ ...•..•. 1~ ...... 1~ ...... oi~ ..•.. o.. t~ ...... I~ ...... 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I~ ...... ,O 156 16 MAY 157 WAl6 5136 1/410l 308NG 233 210 I. 3 3 1 20 61 158 1 1 123 17 2 2 1 1 2 159 160 WAllo 5136 2Ml0L 350NG12,. 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 ·17 31 161 7 8 7 15 462211 2 2 83 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 162 1 14 1+ 3 163 wAllo 5136 3Hl0l 489NG12 It ,. 1 ,. 5 2 1 3 26 1 1 51 164 2 2 9 29 4 33 596742 5 1174 11 2 2 2 Z 165 5 5 3 166 WA16 5136 4Ml0l 311NG 232 5 4 2 1 2 1 1 16 1 1 'II 167 1 2 Z 24 1 It 1 30 I 1 1 1 1 1 2 168 169 WAllo 5136 5MI0l2512Nl 232 212 4 1 1 2 3 25 1 111 1 1 31 110 11 2 3 7 0 15 2122 9 3 2 5732 2 1 1 2 171 1 11 1 1 3 172 WAllo 5136 6MI0l 469NG12 3 317 6 510 2 6 3 2 54 2 1 3 51 113 1 3 1 4 9 5 3 11 2 2 2 174 , 175 WA16 5136 1MI0l 37GNll 34 2 8 4 '1 '1 2 5 2 3 40 2 2 3 8 2 2 214 171 176 1 6913221 1 1 2 117 178 WAl6 5136 8MtOl 304Nl Z 1 1 9 3 2 7 1 3 26 336 31 119 2 2 '1 2 2 1315 5 1 34 2 180 181 WAllo 5136 9MI0l 534NG 2 It 312 410 4 3 4 2 42 141 182 1 1 2 1 1 9 4 1 14 3 :3 1 2 183 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ...... I~ ..... $&G,~ ...... ~.,~ ...... ,~ ...... I~ ...... t~ ...... I~ ...... ?O 184 16 HAY NEW ROCKS 185 WAl6 51361NRI0L 401AG 234 1 6 1 1 2 1 2 1 15 51 186 1 1 1 1 2 181 188 WA16 51362NR10L 325AG 33 5 2 5 3 1 4 20 41 189 1 2 190 191 WA16 51363NRI0L 351AGI 32 2 5 2 5 3 1 1 19 192 1 1 1 1 193 194 WA16 51364NIHOLZ489AG 34 816 6 2 1 33 11 195 196 1 1 :3 197 WAl6 51365NRI0L 179AG 33 217 2 1 5 2 6 8 43 1 1 41 198 1 1 2 2 2 199 200 WA16 51166NR10L 358All 3 2 7 " 1 9 2 6 31 61 201 2 1 1 2 202 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 •.•••••••• 1.60.0 •••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ••••••••• 1 ltJAVIUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 85 ...... t~ •.... e.• f~G .••.••• ,~ .••.... el~ ..••.... ,~ .••..... t~ ...... I~ ...••.•• fO 203 16 HAY NATURAL 204 LlN16 5136 IN10l 35!1NG12 It 2 1 161 205 19 <} '2 2 1 14 1 1 2 206 1 I :3 207 WN16 5136 2NlOl 30llNGU 1 1 1. 21 208 17 5 3 1 9 4 ., 3 14 2 2 213 2 2 2 209 210 IINl6 5136 3Nl0L 393NGU 2 2 4 5 ,. 7 4- 2 28 10 ., 3 424 41 211 10 I 1 2 2 1 1 2 212 7 ., :3 213 WN16 5136 ItNI0l 364NGl 32 <} 5 9 :3 It 34 422 1 9 1 61 214 2 8 " 10 2 215 216 WN16 S136 5NIOl 418NGl :U :3 :3 T ,. I 4311.21 2110 37 41 211 27 6 Z 9 1. 1 2 218 219 WNI.6 5136 6Nl0l 290NGl 33 1 1 2 112 21 220 2 10 2 12 2 221 1 11 ::I 1 f 3 WN16 5136 .,N10L 3UNGl ,. 5 5 :3 20 :3 ., 2 222 " 2 I 12 11 223 29 5 2 7 1 1 2 224 11 21 1 :3 225 WNU 5136 8NlOl 312NG1 :3 1. 2 5 4 ., 2 I 22 11 5 1. 11 1 226 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 2 227 1 1 3 228 WN16 5136 9N10L 535NGI. 33 4 6 558 5 2 1 1 37 614 4 24 31 229 6 2 2 1 I. 1 1 I I 2 230 2 2 1 :I 231 WN16 5U610N10L 312NG1 2 2 2 1 1 1 7 2 2 51 232 ,. 3 :I. ... 1 1. 2 233 !! ..... ~.I ••••••••• I ••••••••• lo •••••••• I ••••••• o.I ••••••• ~.i ••••••••• I ••••••••• 1 vlAlNUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 86 231t 30 MAV 235 WA30 S150 lMlOl ]ZUNG!2 2 3 71233 CJ 1 1 8 Z 16 12:5 71 236 1 121 3 1 1 2 2U 238 WAlO 5150 2Ml0l 308AGl 34 8121813 2 1 6 4 64 41 239 213 1 1 2 240 241 WA30 5150 ]MlOL 281AGl 32 1 2 611 2 1 23 51 242 1 I. 1 1 2 2 243 5 1 6 3 244 WA30 5150 4M10l 460NGI.2 3 413 519 6 1 1 49 61 245 8 5 3 8" 5 3 2 1 18 1 1 112 2 246 21t7 WA30 5150 SM10l 237AG 32 4 3 715 4 3 810 54 61 248 I. 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 249 250 WA30 5150 6M10l 388AG 33 5 81011 • 2 Z 1 43 1 III 251 1 1 2 252 251 WA30 S1S0 1H10l 436NG 231 5 610 It 1 1 27 101 254 b 1 1 53311 1 56 1 1 1 11214 2 255 256 WA30 5150 SHI0l 415AG 33 32216 6 3 510 S 10 1 1 71 257 1 1 1 1 2 258 259 WAlO 5150 9U10l 304AG 33 1 611 9 1 1 3 1 39 11 260 1 1 213 2 261 262 WA30 51S010U10l 321Al :n 4752 1 5 Zit 1 1 51 263 1 1 1 1 11 1 111 2 2 264 265 WA30 515011U10l 302AGl 3 2 3 610 2 1 Z 26 151 266 3 3 112 1 5 8311 2 267 112 3 268 WA30 515012U10l 320AGI 34 5 4 6 2 3 1 3 24 1 1 121 269 1 1 1 1 2 210 •••• ~e.!.I.ee •••••• I ••••••••• I ••••••••• I ••••••••• I •••• ••••• I .••..•••• l ••••.•... f W/IINUI VALLEY STREAM SAMPLES AP 87 o ••••• o •• I~ ...... f~ ••....•• f~ ...•. $ •• t~ ...... i~ ...... t~ ...... 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