Dictionary of the Hausa Language

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Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/dictionaryofliaus02robiuoft DICTIONARY

OF THE HAUSA LANGUAGE

VOLUME II. ENGLISH-HAUSA BY THE SAME AUTHOR

A Dictionary of the Hausa Language. Vol. I. Hausa-English. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 12s. net. Vol. II. English-Hausa. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 10s. net. (Cambridge University Press.)

Specimens of Hausa Literature. Small 4to. 10s. Translation, Transliteration and Notes, without Facsimiles. 58. (Cambridge University Press.)

Hausa Grammar, with exercises, readings and vocabulary. 4th ed. 6s. (Kcgan Paul, Triibner & Co.)

Magana Hausa. Hausa Stories and Fables collected by J. F. ScHON, D.D., re-edited by C. H. Kobinson, D.D. 2s. 6d. (S.P.C.K.)

The Interpretation of the Character of Christ to non-Christian Races: an apology for Christian Missions. Seventh thousand. 2s. 6d. In paper covers. Is. (Longmans.)

The Missionary prospect, including a survey of Christian Missions in the past. 5s. net. (Partridge.) DICTIONARY OF THE HAUSA LANGUAGE

CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON D.D. SOMETIME LECTURER IN HAUSA IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE HONORARY CANON OF RIPON

VOLUME II ENGLISH-HAUSA

THIRD EDITION

Cambridge

at the University Press 1914 PK-

1913 39235 r a. §77^

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager

ilOtttlon; FETTER LANE, E.G.

etriniurfit) : lOO PRINCES STREET

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(Qeto gork: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS ©ombap ant) Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. STorontti: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd. 3rofeao: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA

First Edition 1900 Second Edition 1907 Third Edition 1914

TN preparing this third edition of the English-Hausa Dictionary for the press I desire to express my gratitude for much valuable assistance received from Major Frank

Edgar, author of three volumes of Hausa stories {tatsuniyoyi), Mr W. J. Gowers, the Resident at Kano, Captain Roland Fletcher, author of Hausa Folklore, Dr Walter Miller, of the C.xM.S. Mission, Zaria, the chief translator of the N.T. into Hausa, Dr J. M. Dalziel and others who have supplied corrections and additions to the former edition. To Major Edgar I am specially indebted for many suggestions in regard to the transliteration of Hausa words, and to Dr Dalziel I am indebted for much help in compiling lists of plants and animals. The system of transliterating Hausa which has been adopted in this volume and in the fourth edition of the Hausa Grammar recently published, differs in several respects from that followed in Vol. I. The changes have been made in order to render the system of transliteration uniform with that which has recently been adopted by the English Govern- ment authorities in Nigeria. It is impossible by any system of transliteration to represent the exact sounds of many Hausa words. Thus we might almost equally well write yanka or yenka ' ' to cut,' kwai or kwoi egg,' hanya or hainya

' road,' hakiuai or hokkoi ' seven.' In each case the sound to VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION be represented lies between the sounds suggested by the alternative forms. The Hausa script affords no help in deciding between e and a in a word such as yanha

* to cut,' as the script contains no symbol for a short e. In order to bring the system adopted in this dictionary into line with that of the books issued by the Government of Nigeria

I have adopted the former alternative in each of these cases which are typical of many others. Several changes have also been made in respect of the divisions between nouns or pronouns and prepositions.

Prepositions will be found written as separate words except in cases where the words to which they are attached cannot be used as independent words apart from the prepositions.

Thus we have ma shi or masa ' to him.' The possessive pronouns are joined to the nouns to which they belong. In some cases, e.g. wurinsa * in his place,' where the pronoun is really possessive the noun although used as a preposition

cannot be separated from the pronoun : the same rule would apply to a use such as ina hinsa ' I follow him.' In a few cases a preposition followed by a noun has become so closely united that it would be pedantic to separate them, e.g.

' ' dayawa, cf. English forasmuch,' overmuch ' etc.

There are many instances in which it is impossible to say whether a double consonant should be used for purposes of transliteration. In the former edition of this dictionary in such doubtful cases the second consonant was placed in a bracket, e.g. dag{g)a ' from.' As this method of transliteration is clumsy and is otherwise unsatisfactory the use of brackets has been abandoned. In a considerable number PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION vii

of cases a word may be written either with a single or a double consonant. Thus we ma}^ write ddga or dagga, tdfi

or taffi * to go/ hisa or hissa ' top. The general rule is that wherever a consonant is doubled both consonants should be pronounced: thus amma *but/ should to pronounced am-ma.

In accordance with the use adopted by the majority of Hausa students I have avoided the use of chch, shsh and tsts, as, although in a word such as chikache ' full/ the sound chikachche may be heard when the word is pronounced with unusual deliberation, the double ch is not heard when the word is used in ordinary rapid conversation. As this dictionary is intended for the use of those who desire to speak the ordinary colloquial Hausa, I have omitted rare words and rare plurals or other formations.

CHARLES H. ROBINSON. June, 1914. ABBREVIATIONS

ans. = answer. neut. = neuter. art. article. obj. objective. coll. collective. part. participle. comp. compavati^e. pass. passive. concr. concrete. pers. person. conn. connective. phys. physically. dem. demonstrative. possess. possessive. diff. different. pregn. in a pregnant sense. expr. expression, also = ex- prep. preposition. pressed. pr, n. proper noun. feni. feminine. pron. pronoun. fig. figuratively. rel. relative. foil. following. rep. repeated. fut. future. sep. separate. gent. gentilic. spec. specially, also = special id. the same. special term or terms impers. impersonal. suff. suffixed. instr. instrumental. techn. technical. inter j. interjection. tr. transitive. interrog. interrogative. trop. tropically. intr. intransitive. V. verb, also = see. loc. of place. vv. verbs. neg. negative.

The letters (K.), (S.) or (Z.) placed after a Hausa word denote that the word is specially used in the districts of Kano, Sokoto or Zaria. ;

ENGLISH-HAUSA DICTIONAEY

When more than one Hausa equivalent is given it is not intended to suggest that the Hausa renderings are synonyms. For the exact meanings the of Hausa words the student is referred to the Hausa- English Dictionary. Words to which * is attached are not in general use amongst the Hausas, and should not he employed without reference to the Hausa-English Dictionary.

a, 1. indef. art.; there is no abandon, tr. v. hari, har. word generally used in Hausa abandoned, adj., see profli- corresponding to the English gate. indefinite article, the simple abase, tr. v. maida or yin ka- noun sufficing, e.g. ha ni rami refl. ; with kai ( = self), goro give me a kola nut. e.g. he abases, or humbles, 2. as indef. pron. taking himself ya maida kansa ka- the place of an art., daya one rami, or ya tankwasa kansa. and wani, fem. wata, pi. wan- abash, tr. v. sa, ha or hada su, wasu orwadansu are some- kumya ; I feel abashed na ji times used, e.g. wani gari ke kumya (or kunya). nan there was a city, akwai abate, tr. v. raga, rage, ragi wata TYiache sunanta Amina intr. ragu, ragi. there was a (certain) woman abatement, n. (decrease) rage- named Amina. wa, raguwa-, = amount de- 3. a-, found as a prep, pre- ducted from price of anything fix with Engl, words, as a- rangwame, grant me an a. shore a, da, e.g. afoot a kafa, ka yi ma ni rangwame. alive da rai. abattoir, n. wurinfawa. aback, 1. adv., see back. abdicate, intr. v. (used of a 2. fig. e.g. I was taken king) kawuy maida rawani. aback (i.e. I was staggered abdomen, n. chiki; jiki, pi. or surprised) at this wannan jikuna (lit. body) is some- ya ha ni mamaki. times employed in this sense. R. H. D. 1 ; ;. abhor abruptly abhor, see hate. aborigines, n. habe. v. ashara, abide, intr. (dwell) zamna ; abortion, to produce see abode. a. bata chiki, yasda diya. ability, n. 1. (power) iyawa, abortive, adj. babu anfani,

iko, a. to do what one likes banza. samun dama. abound, intr. v. faye, kdru,

2. (mental power, under- yin girma; see abundance,

standing) cf . hankali, dubara, abundant,

dabara, dibara, lura^ wayo. about, adv. and prep. 1. (a. abject, adj., see despised. so much, nearly) ko, kwatam- able, to be, v. iya, i ma, isa, ckin (kwatanchin, kdza).

e.g. I am a. to do this work 2. (around) kewaye ; a. ina iya yin aikin nan, you him kewayensa. can do this ku isa yin wan- about, to be, v. za followed by nan, or ku isa ku yi wannan the personal pronouns, e.g. T

to be unable or not able is am a. to start za ni tashi expr. by gaza, or the neg. of yin kUsa, kusata, e.g. su kv^-

the above, e.g. we are unable sata in yi haka ; cf . makdda. to lift this ba inu isa mu above, adv. and prep, bisa,

dauka wannan ba, I cannot a bisa, ddga bisa, birbishe (S. ),

na gaza or yafaskare ni (lit. darap ; as prep, bisa ga, and, it surpasses me). when followed by personal able, (clever) gwani. pronouns, gare, e.g. bisa ga ablutions, ceremonial, n. al- tudu but bisa gare shi ; cf

waUa, arwalla ; a. made with biz-biz.

sand taimama ; to make a. abreast, adv. ajere, ajera, gaba shafe, shafo. daya, dahara, daura. abode, n. mazamni, gida. abroad, adv. a waje, daga abolish, tr. v., see take away, waje; (at a distance) daga destroy. nesa. abominable, adj. mugu, fem. abrogate, tr. v. kauda, kawas

mugunya, pi. miyagu, or da ; to a. a law gushe. mugaye. abrupt, adj. (precipitous) da abominate, tr. v., see hate. gangara. abomination, n. abin mugu, abruptly, adv. (suddenly) da abin kazamta, abin haram. sauri, da samri. ; ;

abscess accompany

abscess, n. kurji, kureji, kirchi, a. behind one's back) yin (jurje, pi. kuraje, maruru, habaichi^ chim baya. (jyamho, pi. gyamhmia, han- 2. (to make ill use of) tukuriya {K.\ jmnbade. turn by yin with abin wqfi^ absence, in his hayansa. etc. absent, see under present, acacia, bagaruwa, gabaruwa, absorb, tr. v. sha, shanya; dakwara, dushe, fara kaya, (used of cloth, etc.) tsotsa; to farchin shafo, gaba chara, be absorbed in thought or gardayi, gawo, pi. gawake, business (so as to forget all kwarkwara, karkara, kak- else) yin shagalchi, e.g. I kara, kwandariya. was so absorbed that I for- accede to, v. 1. yarda, e.g. got this na yi shagalchi har abin 7ian da ya fada ma ka na manta wannan. mun yarda = wQ a. to the abstain from, tr. v. daina, terms he mentioned to you dena ; ; bari, bar. amsa. abstract, tr. v. debe, Jltasda 2. (as heir) gdda. (to purloin) sache, sata, yin 3. (to the throne) cAm sata. sarauta, chi, yhi sariki. absurd, adj. banza. accelerate, to hamzarta, see Abubekr, pr. n. Abubakar, also hasten, contracted form Bube. accent, he has an a. bakinshi abundance, n. yaiva, yawan- \ yana da kwata. chi, auki^,yahva,yayalwachi, accept, tr. V. karba, karbi, kdri, malala, ru/ogo, walawa, samu; cf. also prec. I. tululu, tilli, tnlli, rikumbu* acceptable, adj., it is a. to me, (a. of food) zari, machiya, periphr. \ ya gamshe ni, da or tinjim * abifi da ya gamshe ni. abundant, adj. dayawa, ma- acceptance (receipt), amsa. yaiva^ mai-yawa. accident, n. kure, pi. kura- abundantly, yalwache. kuri, sabdbi, tsautsayi ; an a. abuse, n. (i.e. abusive words) happened to him sababi ya habaichi, pi. habaitai, kazaf, same shi. kazap, zambo. acclamation, n. guda. See abuse, tr. v. 1. (to revile) shout, zage, zagi, birga, burga (to ; accompany, tr. v. raka, raki, 1—2 accompanying accustom

rake, yin rakiya, chi ma, accoutred, one who is a.

I will a. thee za ni tare mai-daurin jiki. da kai. accoutrements, i.e. arms, etc. accompanying, act of, n. kayan ddga, kayan yaki. rakiya (S.), rako (K.). accrue, v. 1. (of gain) see accomplish, v. iyas, iyas da, profit. kare, chika, gama, yi. 2. (happen, en%ue) faru. accomplished, particip., see accumulate, see gather. finished, accurate, adj. and adv. na- accord, to a. with yin haki kwarai, fern, ta-kwarai, dai-

daya, yin kdma da. dai, sosai ; to be a. yin according as, adv. particle daidai. kdma da, kctman da, kanda, accursed, adj., e.g. it is ac- tamkan da, tamkar da, tam- cursed ya yi la!ana. kad da, yadda. accusation, n. sara, ahin sara, accordingly, see therefore, rada*, kdra ; false a. rinto, accouchement, jego, kage. account, n. 1. lisafi, lesafi, accuse, v. sare, sara, kai kdra

kidaya, kida, kididiga : to (lit. bring an accusation,

render an a. yin lisafi, yin constr. with ga), e.g. they

kidaya, to take a. of zdna. a. this man s^m kai kdra ga

2. fig. e.g. he held of no a. mutuTTien nan, kaga ma*. ha ya kula or ha ya yi kula accuser, n. mai-sara, pi. masu- constr. with da or ga. sara, mai-kawon kdra, dan-

3. (narration) lahari, to kara, mai-kara.

give an a. hada, ha or gaya accustom, v. 1. to be accus-

lahari ; I will give you an a. tomed saha, e.g. I am accus- of the war zan gaya ma ka tomed to this na saha da laharin yaki. wannan, domestic animals account, on a. of, prep, sd- are accustomed to men, ha da, sdhad da, sdho da*, hisashen gida sun saha da a Msa, don, domin, e.g. on mutane.

a, of this sdhad da wan- 2. (to be wont, used) nan, on a. of what? where- employ the verbal form with fore? don mi, dommi, or kan, e.g. he was accustomed domi. to do thus shi kan yi haka. ache adhere

3. tr. I accustomed him act, n. aiki; phr. a bad a. to this food na sa shi shi saba mugunta, mugun aiki; a da ahinchi'ii nan. good or kind a. alheri.

ache, n. chiwo ; I have a head- act, to aikata, yi. ache na ji (or 7ia yi) chiwon active, karsani^. kai. actually, adv. hakika, da gas- v. achieve, aikata, samo*, yi, kiya, ko ; the last is emphatic

see accomplish. (=even), e.g. this man a. acid, adj. da tsami, da tsamiya, surpasses a lion in strength

da yami. m/uitumen nan ya Ji ko zaki acidity, n. tsami, tsamiya, karijl. yccmi. Adansonia digitata (the acknowledge, see confess. baobab or monkey-bread acquaint, tr. v. (i.e. tell, inform tree), kuka. of) gaya,fadi, sanas da, sanan add, tr. V. kdra, jimilla. da, sanar da, sanashe. adder, puff-a. kasa.

acquaintance, an, n. masani, addicted, to be a. to faye, e.g. pi. masana ; he is no a. of the boys are a. to (or fond mine, I am not acquainted of) play yara suna /aye yin with him ha shi ne m^asanina wargi.

ban san shi ba. addition, in a. to bam da, ban acquainted with, 1. see prec. da.

2. (versed in) ; see ac- address, to a. to, v. ambata, custom 1. ambache. v. acquiesce, yarda ; I a. in adduce, tr. v., e.g. to a. this na yarda wannan. testimony kai (or kawo) acquiescence, yarji. shaida.

acquit, v. (used of a judge) adept, n. gwani, pi, gwanaye ', chechi, bada gaskiya ; to be he is an a. at... shi ne gwani

. acquitted barra, kubuta. na... ; also ya saba da...

acrid, see acid. adhere, to a. to, v. rike, daje, acrobat, danfoto. like, lazum,che, lazumta^ na-

across, prep. 1. e.g. a. the na, nane, the last is used sea ketaren (or daga ketaren) of things stuck together with gidbi. gum etc. ; those who a. to 2. (beyond) bayan. the commandments of God ;

adhering 6 affair

masu-riken hakumtai na adulteress, n. onaziriachiya, Allah. mazinanchiya, farka, falka, adhering, n. nani. fasika. adhesive, adj. mai-yauki. adultery, n. zina, kwartonchi,

adieu, interj. sai zamba^. wata rana ; a. for the present sai anjima, advance, intr. v. yin gdba, to

a. till to-morrow sai gohe, get in a. of chin gaba, riga, adjoin, intr.v. kusata, kusanta, rigaya, rigayi, e.g. he outran kusache, yin kusa. us ya riga mu.

adjure, v., I a. thee by God na advantage, n. anfani ; of no a. gama ka da Allah. babu anfani,

administer, tr. v. (to give to, advantageous, adj. da anfani,

e.g. medicine) ha^ bada; to a. mai-anfani. justice or law yin shari'a; to adversary, n. makiyi, pi. ma-

a. government, cf. mallaka, kiya, abokin-gaba, mai-kin-ji.

hakumta ; an administrator advice, n. dahara, dubara, of law and justice marahan dibara (S.), shawara, my a. shari^a da gaskiya. is abin da na gani.

admit, tr. v. 1. I admitted him, advisable, adj. see advan- periph. na bar shi shi shiga. tageous.

2. to a., e.g. error, guilt etc., advise, v. yin dabara. see confess, advocate, n. (helper, defender) admonish, see warn, mai-taimako.

adoption, n. yanchi. afar, adv. nesa, ddga nesa, e.g. adoptive, a. -father uban rana. I saw him from a. na hange adorn, tr. v. gyarta. shi ddga nesa.

adorned, adj. gyartache, fern. affair, n. abu, abin, pi. abubuwa,

gyartata, pi. gyartattu. shalani, shdgali, e.g. a sad a. adornment, n. sha'awa, ado, mugun abu, abin mugu

the last used of trinkets, etc., avoid deceit and falsehood in also of dress. your affairs a bar (or bari) adulteration, algus, algusu, tsalumchi da kariya ga abu-

tsirariya, tsinariya, hdinchi. buwanka ; aVamari, e.g. a adulterer, n. affair kwarto, fem. wonderful aVamaringa ; kwa/rtuwa, mazinachi, mazi- the affairs (= the vicissitudes nanchi, mai-zina. or changes) of this world affect agent

aVamarin duniya] zamanchi, na sdbo, ddda, dai, de ; the v. zamaii.e. condition of affairs), kara (add), e.g. I did not do

e.g. how are affairs with you so a. ban kara yin haka; a

in the city % ina zaman gari 1 and a. (i.e. repeatedly) mai- sake ans. we have reason to be maiche ; go again ka thankful for the condition of tafiya,

affairs zaman gari da godiya. against, prep, gaba ga, ga ; to affect, to sdbe', the heat of stumble a. tuntube da ; a. his the fire affected her wuta ta will (perforce) da tilas.

sahe ta. agate, a brooch of talhatina. affection, see love. age, n. 1. (period or time) yayi, affinity, (by marriage) sur- e.g. in the a. of the prophet kunta. da yayin annabi. affiict, tr. V. yin wahala. 2. (time that a person afflicted, adj. (one who endures has lived) shekara or pi.

affliction and toil) mai-wa- shekaru, e.g. what is your a. % hala, pi. masu-wahala, shekarunka nawa% or shekara affliction, n. wahala, masiba, nawa kana da rai ? or shekara

matsuwa, see pain. nawa tun haijuwarka ? I am affright, 1. n. tsoro. eighteen years of a. shekarata

2. tr. V. bada tsoro, tsorata. ishirin biyu babu. afoot, adv. a kafa, da kafa. aged, adj. 1. (of a certain age), afraid, adj. I am a, na tun- see prec. 2.

zera, or na firgita ; he made 2. (advanced in years)

him a. ya ba shi tsoro ; to tsofo, fem. tsofuiva, pi. tsojffi,

be a. ji7i tsoro. tsofaffi, or tsojoffi ; he is a.

afresh, adv., see again. yayinsa ya tvuche, lit. his after, 1. prep, baya, bayan, time is past ; see old.

baya ga. agent, n. naiibi* ; nouns de- 2. adj. na-baya, fem. ta- noting the a. may be formed baya. from verbs, substantives or afternoon, n. la'asar, see under adjectives by prefixing mai rana. or ma, e.g. gudu to run, afterwards, adv. (after this) mai-gudu a fugitive, sassaka bayan wannan, bayan haka. to smooth wood, masassaki

again, kuma, haryo, har yau, a carpenter ; for further ; aggressor 8 alike

illustrations see under mai ail, v., e.g. what ails you? mi

and ma. ya same ka 1 aggressor, to be an harzuka. ailment, n., see sickness. agitate, tr. v., see shake. aim, (point aimed at) bara', ago, adv. tun, tun da, e.g. this to aim at, yin bara, barata, was written twelve days a. barache, bartaka, nuna, nuno.

kwaua ska hiyu tun da wan- aimless, a. toil aikin hanza.

nan an ruhuta shi; long a. ainhum, n., i.e. a disease of the da, lokachin da, tun dadewa, little toe, hamhudiga, mage- da wuri, dauri, tuntuni. See duwa; cf. also kudumbiya

age 2. a disease which may affect agree, v. gama, gamu, yardd, all the toes.

yarje, yin haki daya, sddu, air, n. iska, hiska ; shan iska is

jito, jeto, damre magana the Hausa idiom for to take a. exactly let us take . my friend and I a walk, e.g. a da ni da abokina 7nu ne walk to enjoy the air mu yi tangas; he agreed with you yawo garin shan iska. ya yarda ma ka; agreed to air, v. kekashe, see to dry. ajar, to put a door a. saya kofa. agreeable, adj. 1. (pleasant) akimbo, put your arms a. chi da dadi, dadi, daidai, dede. dununka da hannu.

2. (willing), e.g. if you alarm, to yin ruba, see

are a. in (or idan) ka yarda, frighten. in ka (or kana) so. alarm, n. yagatu (K.). agreement, n. sulhu, sulfu, alas, interj. kaito, (S.) kaicho,

sulha*, yardi, yarji ; a trade (K.) kaitaro, wai, wai niya,

a. sallama; to make an a., see tir, ashslia. n. zabiya. agree ; a. to work for a albino, certain sum sharadi. alien, n. bare*-, see also ague, n., see fever. stranger. ahead, adv. gaba. alienate, to a. a person kan- aid, tr. v. taya, yin taimako, gara da. tanya, tanyo, koro sauki. alight, intr. v. sabka, safka, aid, n. taim,ako, taimakawa, sapka, sauka, soka, sabki, sauki; (a helper) mai-tai- sapki, shida, shide, jida. mako. alike, adj. daidai, suwa-suwa. alive although

tangan/i, tmiyas, (S.) i n. sakke ; alms, sadaka, zakka,kurdin they are all a. duka daya ne, gurasa, kono* (K.), alms-

I suparsu (or sifassu) daya, or giving, n. sadaka.

j sun yi tangatn da juna. aloe, (Aloe zebrina) zabo.

alive, adj. da rai ; to keep a. alone,. adv. kadai, kawai, abin

raya, e.g. may God preserve followed by a personal pro-

us a. Allah shi raya mu. noun, thus, he a. abinshi,

all, adj. duka, duk, dukanta, I a. ni dayana or ni kadai,

jama^a; a. together tarsashi, a. leave him bar shi dayansa ;

tararre, fern, tararra, pi. they a. dayansu ; a state of

tararru ; a. of you dukanku, being a. kadaichi, to be left a.

tarinku ; a. men mutant duka waiwai.

or dnkan mutane \ all (i.e. alongside, daura, daba.ra, da-

total) dokachi ; all (i.e. every- bra, or followed by da as a

thing) dokachin komi. prep., e.g. they stood side by

I Allah, by wallah, wallahi side su tsaya daura da juna. I allay, tr. Y.futas da, kwantas da. aloof, to a. nesanchi, j keep from allegory, n. misali, michali*, nisanchi. I ahnara. ! aloofness, nisanta. alliance, n. gdya. alphabet, n. abajada, letter of alligator, n. kdda, kddo, pi. kd- the a. haraji, pi. haruffa. dodi, kaduna, or kadunduna. j already, adv. na da, dazu, tr. V. hari, bar, allow, yarda ; wuri, dauri, tun j da wuri ; he

e.g. let me depart bar ni in is gone a. ya rigaya ya tafi. j

tafi, if you a. we will do so also, adv. kuwa, (S.), I kau kawa in ka yarda za mu yi hdka, (S. ) ; usually placed after that a. ni yarji. me ha which it connects ; haryo^, alloy, n. ha'inchi ; unalloyed har yau.

babu ha'inchi, saji. alter, v. 1. tr. sake, saki, sauya, allure, tr. v. rude. niusaya. almighty, adj. mai-iko da 2. intr. sauya, kowa, mai-iyawa. altercation, haya-haya, har- almond, n. chanza^. gowa, hayaniya, tankiya. almost, adv. kilsa; it is a. altered, particip. adj. sauyaye,

finished ya yi kUsan kare or fem. sauyayya, pi. sauyayyu. ya kusa karewa. although, adv. ko, ko da. . ; altogether 10 annoy

altogether, adv. haki daya, cf kuna, takaichi, zauta, zajm rai, (S.), faujfofo*, also /aye a,nd fi. bijira kumchin zu- always, adv. koyaushe, kul- chiya. yaushe, tutur, tutul, kullutn, angle, n. kusuruwa. da kulluni, yini*, chikin ko- angry, to be, v. yin fushi,

wanne yayi*, judu*, to con- fusata, yin tsiwa ; to be a.

tinue a. tuturta. with harzuka ga, hasdla ga,

am, v., see be. chichika, yin chichika, takaita, Amaranthus (native spinach), jin takaichi; he feels a. yana alayafu, zakin hanza. jin haushi. amazed, to be yin mamaki, angry, adj. da fushi; one who

jin TYiamaki, jin damuwa. is a. mai-fushi.

n. , n. azaba, zogi. amble, of a liorse tdkama ; anguish, a horse which ambles doki angular, mai-kusuruwa. mai-takama. animal, n. bisd, pi. bisashe or ambuscade, n., see seq. bisaje, dabba; domestic ani- ambush, n. kwanto, hdgo,fako, mals bisashen gida, wild maraya; to set an a. yin animals bisashen daji, abin fako; to lie in a. lobe (S.), daji or naman daji, pi. na- robe (K), place of or for an 7nun daji. a. mafaka. animosity, n., see hate. amen, amin*. ankle, n. idon kafa, idon sawu amidst, prep, tsdka^ tsdkan, (or sau), pi. ijiyan sawu, or tsdkanin. ijiyar sawu, or ijiyas sawu

amount, large, n. chushe ; see a. bone dombubu, or dam- quantity. bubu. amulet, talili, see charm. announce, tr. v. gaya, fadi, amuse, tr. v. bada (or sa) labarta; to a. as a herald murna. does the coming of some one ancestor, n. kdka; ancestors gabato. kakan7ii. annoy, tr. v. dame, ddma, ancestry, see under ba. fUina, hayydta, tayas, wa- and, conj. da, wa*. halda, wahalshe, sa wahala,

angel, n. malaika, pi. malaiku. aVale ; sawarwara, dawai- anger, n. fushi pronounced niyasda, tozarta, I am not to fhushi, haushi, kankanchi, be annoyed ba ni damuwa. :

annoyance 11 ant-hill

annoyance, n. tvahala, sawar- generally ; an a. with a large

loari, takaichi, see anger. abdomen maidauro a gato ; a anoint, e.g. with oil or water, reddish biting ant ba-fula-

tr. V. shd/a, shafe, yin shafa. tana. anointing, n. shafa. ant-bear, see ant-eater. anon, adv. sai an jima, jima ant-eater, the great a. or ant- kadan. bear, dapgi, dabgi, dubgij another, pron. wani, fem. wata, daugi. pi. wasu or wadansu; often antelope. The following are

rendered with kuma, e.g. some of the antelopes found ivani kuma. in Hausaland. Senegal or answer, n. amsa, amshe, am- red-fronted gazelle, barewa, sawa, jawdbi, karbawa. pi. bareyi; Dorcas gazelle answer, v. amsa, yin amsa, to farin baretva; the roan a.

give an a. kdda hdki, karha (Hippotragus equinus) gwan-

tnagana ; I answered him na ki, gwamki (S.) ; the W. mayas masa da magana. African hartebeeste kanki, ant, n. different species are pi. kanoki] oryx m.ariri, ma^

small stinging a. farmani, 7'ili ; BufFon's red cob a.

tirmani, kwankvmmhishi m,areya ; Addra or red-necked ;

small black a. chinnaka or gazelle mai-farin gindi ; a chirnaka or tum,a da Senegal hartebeeste (Dama- gaya ;

driver a. kwalkwasa, kwar- liscus korrigum) ddri ; the

kwasa ; the stink a. gwana, oribi a. batsiya ; the red-

gwano, geno ; a red travel- flanked duiker makurna ; the

' ling a. makwaiwa; harvest- crowned duiker ' gada ; klip-

ing a. tururuwa ; very small springer gadar dutsi; the

black a. kudaji, kudahi (S.); water buck (Cobus defassus

a red biting a kumo ; an unctuosus) gwambaza, gwan- a. which feeds on honey sha- zama, ambache, dodoka; reed

zumami; small red a. kiyashi; buck kwantarafl, kaji; bush white ants(i.e. termites)M^o, buck mazo; a. leucoryx wal-

fem. gara, gaira, pi. gdrani, waji ; an old solitary a. kishi-

sansamiya; the white a. in mi ; see also matso, karoM- the winged stage shinge, gina; goda.

gara is also used of ants ant-hill, n. suri, pi. suwura, anticipate 12 apron

sura, jiba, juha ; kunku- apparatus, n. kaya, pi. kaya- wa. yeki, or kayaryeki. anticipate, v. tsaitse, e.g. I appear, intr. v. baydna, bai- anticipated him na tsaitse ydna, givadu,

shi ; wada*. appearance, n.Mma, pi. kdmd- anticipation, zdto. nu, or kamannu (S.), hala- antimony, n. kwalli, tozali ; mu*, wato*, watau*.

small skin bottle for holding appease, tr. v. lallaski, lillashi,

a. sdda. tandun tozali, gidan kwalli ; a stick used for applying a. appetite, n.kwadai*, kwadayi*.

mashiyi, masayi. apple, Akee a. alele; balsam anus, diwa, tsuli, tsuliya, kar- a. garafuni ; wild custard a.

kashi*, shakira, inurda, mu- gwandardaji; hairy thorn a. riya. zakami; Dead Sea or Sodom anvil, n. makera. a. tumfajiya.

anxiety, n. machiyata, niata- appoint, tr. v. (to order, used of God) select Ttiache, mamdbi. kadarta ; (to

any, adj. kowanne, fern, kowor for an office) zaba, zabe ; ap-

che, pi. kowddanne. pointed zababbe, fem. za- anyhow, indef. pronl. adv. ko babba, pi. zababbu. kaka. apportion, to yin fasali. anyone, indef. pron. kowa, ko- approach, intr. v. nache, yin wanene, fem. koiva, kowa- kusa, doshi, dosa, see near. cheche. approval, sale on chinikin anything, indef. pron. komi, shawara.

kome; not a., nothing bahu approve of, v. yardd ; approved komi, ba koyni. of, adj. yardadde, fem. yar- anywhere, indef. pronl. adv. dadda, pi. yardaddu, tdbor kdina. tache, fem. tdbatachiya, e.g. apart from, adv. banda, bam- magana tdbatachiya ap-

da, dabam dabam. proved, i.e. true words ; he

apartment, n. (room) daki, pi. approves o. hankali ya ktvan- dakuna. ta da.

apex (of house, etc.), ka7i daki. apricot, a tree with fruit like a

apostatize (from Islam), rin- • wild a., n. tsada* ; see plum. da, ridda. apron, n. bante, banche, pi. . ;

Arab 13 arrow

hantunaj kudu; a woman's pi. ka7'aurawa, ungurnu ; a.

a. darazau. made of plaited grass, worn

Arab, n. ba-ture, pi. turawa; by children darambuwa; a. an A. ba-Larabe, pi. Lara- made of leather and wood bawa; the Arabic language daga. Arabiyya, larabchi. armour, n. chain or iron a. arch, (used in building) kafo- sulke, saba; a hoi'seman's a. fin guga (S.), masharuwa* kumakumi. arched, an arched roof dam- annpit, n. hamata, pi. hamatu, ren-guga, dauren-guga, ma- hamatta, or hamutta. sha-ruwa*. arms, coll. (weapons, etc.) ma- are, v. ne^ che^ ke; phr. there kami ; battle a. kayan daga,

a. ina, akwai; there a. to kayan yaki.

me, i.e. I have sun yi ma ni, army, dako (S.) ; the centre a yi ma ni; there a. many of an a. uwar yaki. ina da su dayawa. around, adv. kewaye, gewaye, argument, jiyeya*, jiyaiyya*. prep, ketvayen, gewayen. aright, to direct a. daidaita. arouse, tr. v. tada, tashe, tayas, arise, intr. v. falka^ tashi, taso, tayas da, falkad da.

tsira, tsire, tsiro, or chira, arrange, tr. v. gyara; to a. chire, chiro. the hair (i.e. to comb or

arithmetic, hisabi (S.). dress the hair) gyarta, shata,

arm, n. 1. (from the wrist to shache. the elbow) damchi, damtse, arranged, adj. shiriyayye, fem.

pi. damasa; the forearm gdba; shiriyayya, pi. shiriyayyu to hold up at arm's length gyartache*. daga; a man with a bent arrangement, (contract) wa-

a. mai-laushi, mai-lauje, mai- habi, sharadi. kwarda. arrive at, v. isa, iso, sadu.

2. arm (i.e. weapon), see arrogance, n.foma, homa. arms, arrogant, n. one who is a. mai- armhole, n. ha^nata, pi. ha- foma, pi. m^asu-foma, mai- matu, hamatta, hamutta. homa, pi. masu-homa.

annlet, n, gen. kwandage, a. arrow, n. kibiya. pi. kibau,

made of metal karafa ; a. kulere, gora, pi. gororo, or

made of natron kdrau, kdro, gorina ; bow and arrows ;; art 14 assembly

bakan kihiya ; a. head fasa, ashes, n. toka, pi. tokuna,

pdsa; a, projecting from habdi (S.); hot a. rufushi,

quiver zagiya ; barbs on an rubshi, habdi (S.).

a. kdlemu (K.), a quiver aside, e.g. I turn a. from the for arrows kwariu kibiya; path ina ratsewa ddga bisa a*. special names of a. poison hanya ; a baya^ ga bay are tumia or tinia^ kwankwa- ask, V. roka, roko^ yin tam-

ni, sainya*, tu7'urubi, uwar baya ; one who asks mai-

magunguna, womagunguna, tambaya; to a. of or from

zabgai, zabo, utval dafi, gen. roko, roka. dafi; e.g. they (the arrows) asking, roko, continued a., n. are poisoned suna da dafi. kokanto. Ingredients for making arrow ass, n. jdk% fem. jdka^ or jd- poison are obtained from kanya^ pi. jdkai, or jdkicna, many different plants. Arrows dsuwa; danbakuru, Tnatuwa; are made from the reed-like large male a. bingi, a cas-

plants, e.g. kyamro, kyamru, trated ass aguru ; diff. species

kyarnare, sheme, gazara, san- have the foil, names ; a. with

sari ; a. notch gofi. red body jimrau ; a. with art, n. gwani. black mouth gofo, red a. article, the definite a. n, see aura, reddish brown a. idu-

the ; the indefinite a., see a. bar, tawny a. oraki and dan

a. as, adv. kcima, yadda, ydda, oraki ; large black jaba ;

kauda, ya*^ yi* ; a. before white a. mugo, shawu (S.)

kdma ta da or kdma na da; a spec, of wild a. shiyaki ; a

even a. kdrnar yadda. pad for an ass akumari, le- ascend, v. shirga, hawa, hau, /eru,ip\. leferai; la/ero,laheru. constr. with bisa or bisa ga assault, n. (as in war) falmaki, ; e.g. he ascended the hill ya farmaki, firmaki. hau bisa tudu. assemble, v. gayya, gayyata, asceticism, gudun-duniya^ tara, intr. tdru. tsantsani, tsintseni. assembled, to be taru, par-

Asclepias gigantea, n. tum- ticip. tarare. fafiya, pi. tumfafi. assembly, n. gayya, aVumma asham.ed, to be, intr. v. Jm royal assembly-room /age, kumya, jin kunya. dandali. ; assent 15 attention

astrologer, to act as an zuha assent, v. kdda kai, gyada kai ; assent is very frequently tamrarai, expr. by kyau as in the phr. at, prep, a, e.g. a vniri chan at to da kyau. that place ; often prefixed assess, to kimanta, aza ma. gave, ch%ki7i and hisa ; ga assimilate, they will not a. [gare with pronouns), e.g. ga

ha su haduwa. gida at home ; ddga, e.g. shi assist, tr, V. taya^ tamaya, tai- ne ddga nan he is at that spot, maka., taimaki, yin taimako, i.e. he is there; gun*, e.g. yin shalli. gun chan = a wu7'i chan. assistance, n. tamayi, taimako, atmosphere, n. duniya.

tai'tnakawa, shalli, sauki ; a. attack, n. farmaki, falm^aki,

; a feint or pretended in war gudummawa ; he firmaki called for a. ya huga gdyya. a. zanzom,a. assurance, tahhas. attack, to girsa, girshe, mama, assure, to a. a person of the mami. reality of anything gaskata attain, to a. to same, samu, kai. or gaskanta. attempt, v. yin kokari, tdga. assured, to be a. of (to feel attempt, n. kokari. sure) tahhata, tdhatta, tdh- attend, to a. to (to look care-

hache, cf. seq. fully into) hcra ; to listen to assuredly, adv. da gaskiya, ji, saura7'a, dadddra ; see habu shakka, Idhudda, hahu attention (2). n., a. wawa,faufau ; he is a. there attendant, an on one sick

ya tahbata nan ; he is a. a majinyata ; the attendants heathen ko tahhata kafiri ne. of a king fadawa. asthma, n.fuka, see breath. attention, 1. n. (serious astonished, to be, v. jin da- thought) hankida, hankali muwa, jin mamaki, yin ma- ruwa, e.g. it is no matter worth maki. my a. ha or hahu ruwana. astonishment, n. damuwa, 2. to pay a. to tuna, exclamations expressing as- constr. with da, maida hiin-

tonishment haha, gdsara^. ma ; to give a. to what is I

I ji, a. astray, to go hakita (S.). said saura^-a ; give with astringent medicine, n. ma- your ears (incline your ears

gani mai-kama chiki. i to) ka kakartsa kunnuiva. ; attentively 16 back attentively, to look at a. tso- awaken, to tdsad da,/alkad da. kachi. away, to get a. (escape) Jichi, attest, V. shaida, yin shaida, Jiche. kai shaida. away, adv. phr. a. with him attested, particip. adj. shai- yi da shi. dadde, fern, shaidadda, pi. awkward, shallali.

shaidaddu. axe, n. gatari ; a. for cutting auction, gwanjo*. stones dundurusu; a. for cutting grass gizago, gisago auger-beetle, gunda, yumda. ; augment, tr. and intr. v. ddda. a. with broad blade baran- aunt, n. gwaggwo, a. on the dami, tsitaka ; battle a. gd- mother's side rafaniya. fiya, gita (K.), walwada, war- authority, n. iko, pi. ikoki, ikon- wada ; the point of an a. taka, alfarma*,&, person in a. head which projects through mahakumchi, mahitkumchi. the handle suga (S.). avarice, n. zargi, zalimi, za- axe-handle, n. bota (K.), kota. lumij rowa, roivwa, mdda, madda. babbling, n. rawatsa. avaricious, adj. mairowa, da baboon, n. bika, pi. bikoka, mdda. gogo, yimki (K.). avaricious, to be yin zalumchi. baby, n. jarlri, jarlli, yarili, avenge, tr. v. rdma, sdka. jinjiri. avenger, mai-rama. bachelor, n. gwabro, gwauro, average (adj .), tsdka-tsdka^ gauro, gwamro, balaguro*

madaidaichij pi. madaidaita. namiji da shara, lit. one who avoid, V. kalmdsa^ kalmashe, has to sweep his own dwell-

haudij waske, zdge, cf . a thing ing. to be avoided abokin kiyeye. back, n. baya, janfi*^ hence avoidance, i.e. of a missile, etc. badajanji to put to flight ; to gochiya, guchiya, waskiya. turn the b. bada baya phr. on ; await, to wait for one jira, the b. rigingine, on the b. jirache, jinkirta. of reran-, to be hollow backed awake, intr. v. farka, falka \ gantsarwa,

awaking falkawa; a start back, e.g. to come b. komo ; to

or exclamation on awaking go b. koma ; to move b., intr. Jirgigi *. V. gusaj gulgusa, gurgusa. ;;; ;

backbite 17 bakemeat backbite, tr. v. chim haya. long, narrow salt-b. lange ; a backbiting, tsegumi, tsogumi. leathern pouch used by backbone, n. tsatso, tsotso, ka- barbers etc. zabira ; skin b. shin tsatso. or bottle salka, pi. salkuna; backward, adv. (on the back) small leathern or grass b. rigifigine. sarita; large b. for holding backwards, adv. baibai, e.g. rice siibolo, saido ; a small they walked b. su ka tafi leathern b. kumaro, komaro, baibai. tdnwara(K.); a large leathern bad, adj. mugu, fern, mugunya, b. mala, pi. malalaki ; a b. pi. miydgu; mamuna, mum- made from tukuruwa leaves muna*; used of corn tsadari tddali ; leathern narrow- b. man dan duniya-, the expr. mouthed b. sidkumi (S.), sur- fariko 6aK often good or bad. kumi = (K.); large skin b. bad, to go b. ridm, riba, as taiki, pi. taika, tayukka, or meat or fruit; to render b., taikuna, buhu (Z.)j small to spoil rubachi. goat-skin water-b. tandawa- badger, n. takas. ra; small provision-b. tan- badness, n. mugunta. wara ; leathern bag closed by baft, grey b. akoko; see cloth, two strings pulled in op- bag, n., a small b. aljiji, posite directions alagtvami; aljiju, pi. aljifaye or aljifai; a money-b. made of skin or b. made of grass with cloth tsaleta, salita. narrow opening ashasha; b. baggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki; for cowries birgami, burgami, see goods, burgame (S.); woman's b. bail, see surety, made of grass burma, burima; bake, tr. v. tuya, toya, gdsa, small b. for carrying salt the latter also spec, used of chukurfa; b. of feminine baking bread, e.g. ya gdsa luggage /ago* or pago'^ gurasa; baked (i.e. fully leathern b. for camels, etc. baked = the Engl, colloquial gurara; large skin b. for 'done') ninanne (S.), nu- cowries jikka, pi jikkuna, or nanne (K.), pi. nenannu or jikkoki, kyankyandi ; b. hold- nunannw, (cooked) toyayye, ing 20,000 cowries kwaroro tuyayye. very small b. rarita, lalita* bakemeat, tuya, pi. toye-toye. R. H. D. 2 ; balance 18 bargain balance, n. a pair of scales mai-gwami, chassa (K.), tar- maauna, maauni, mazani, koshi (S.).

mizani ; ahin aivo. bang, an exclamation ^907?2, pam. balance, v., to b. a load on the bangle, for wrist kdrau, kdr- head digirgire. karau, munduwa, Tnanduwa, Balanites aegyptiaca, n. pi. mundaye, mandaye. aduwa. bank, n. (-edge or margin) bald, adj. mai-kora, mai-saiko, ba.ki, gdba, gachi ; b. of a

mai-sanko, mai-kwambe. river gefe, bdkin ruwa, gachi, baldness, n. kora, saiko (S.), gdba, refe.

sanko (K.), kundumi, kun- banner, n., see flag.

dimi, kundumin kai ; cf . prec. baobab (Adansonia digitata), bale, of goods Juguma, hu- n. kuka, pi. kukoki; fruit of

guma ; see load. the b. tree kwame (S.). ball, n. makodi^, kwdlo, mul- bar, n. (a rod or stick of wood, mule; a small b. dan kodi; iron, etc.) sanda, pi. sanduna; b. brick made of mud a b. of iron sanda ta karife or ;

tuhali ; b. of the eye kwayan b. used to close a doorway (bullet) harsa, harsashi gagara-bado. ido ; to roll into a b. dunkula, barbarians, n. 1. (of men in a kudundune. rude, uncivilised state) 6ai6ai, ballad, n. waka. baibaya, baibayi, or baubawa bamboo, a sort of, n. gora, (S.). kwangi*. 2. (cruel) da muni. banana, n. the b. tree, or fruit barbarity, n. (cruelty) muni. ayaba. barbarous, see barbarians.

band, n. 1 . (company or gather- barber, n. wanzami, pi. wan- ing) taro or taru, pi. tarori. zamu, wanzamai; a hair-

2. (strip for binding) cf. dresser is mai-kitso. seq., a leathern band worn barbs, on an arrow M^emw (K.),

round the neck goli (S.). kun-nuwan kibiya. bandage of any kind, n. ra- bare, see naked. wani, pi. rawunna. bareness, n. wofi. bandit, n. mai-fashe, pi. masu- bargain, n. (bargaining) chini-

fashe. ki, tdyi ; a discussion before bandy-legged, adj. gwami, making a b. alwdshi; the ;;

bargain 19 basket

conclusion of a b. yardaje- barrier, n. kdfi. niya; to haggle over a b. yin barter, n. chiniki, sdrafi, tdyi,

chiniki ; to make an offer in furfure, sdrafa, rangama.

bargaining, see seq. ; a b. barter, to sdrafa, yin chiniki, (cheap) da araha, da arha; tdya, yin tdyi; see bargain. into the b. (= besides, as well) base, adj. (of low worth) banza.

handa wannan. base, n. 1. (lowest part or bargain, v. tdya, tayi, yin bottom of anything) kalkashi, tayi, yin chiniki. karkashi.

bark, n. (of a tree) fata, pdta, 2. (= support or founda- hawon itache. tion of anything) gutsu, or

bark, tr. v. (to strip off b.) guzu*, which is used physi- kware, kwari. cally and also figuratively; bark, intr. v. (of dogs, etc.) gindi, tushe. yin hafshi, yin hapshi, yin bashful, adj., see seq. hahshi, yin haushi, yage. bashfulness, n. kumya or barking, n. (of dogs, etc.) kunya; to feel bashful jin hafshi, hahshi, haushi. kumya, e.g. v/hen asking you barley, n. sha'air. for this, I felt bashful da na barn, n. rumbu, ra/oniya, roke ka wannan na ji kumya. rujbgo. basil, wild b. daidoya (K.), barrel of a gun, n. baki; a dodoya (S.). double-barrelled gun bindiga basin, n. kwachiya, gwangwan, mai-baki biyu. a metal b. ddro. barren, adj. (used of the female basket, n., a large b. for salt sex) karara, bakarariya, ma- etc. adila or adilak kaya tauriya (used ; of a sheep or large b. or pannier made of goat which has not had young) grass gufa, gufata, kantalma; kazgainya; a b., or fallow, a b. made of palm fibre lefe Held sabra, sabara, sau7'a, a small grass b. used in mak- tsandauri. ing bread marari; a large barrenness, n. (of woman, grass b. sayifo or samfo, pi. etc.) tauriya, rashinhaifuiva. sanfuna ; kwando ; a b. used barricade, n. kdgara, kega- as a strainer kindi, pi. kin-

ruwa, pi. kcigaru, gagara- dodi, marari] a small b. bado. used by women kwatashi, 2—2 bastard 20 bead

taskira, tazkira ; a b. used in of existence; they are fre- fishing sum; a b. full of quently used in written, but com totsiya. See under bag. seldom in colloquial Hausa. bastard, adj. sliege, fern, shegi- 3. akwai (sometimes pro-

ya, pi. shegu, dan farka, dan nounced akwoi), implying nema. real existence, there is, there bat, n. tattapara, hirhiri, rugi, are, there was, there were, tsabilbila, yabirbira, kanen e.g. are there elephants in jemdge; a large-sized fruit this town? akwai giwaye a b. jemdge. garinga? ans. there are ak- bathe, to kurma, kuruma. wai : ke is often found with bathing, kurme. nan in this sense, e.g. there battle, n. fama, fada, gdba, was a certain jerboa ivani yaki, the latter is also the kurege ke nan — akwai wani proper word for war, q.v.; b.- kurege.

field ddga. 4. na (masc), ta (fem.), battle, to draw up in line of are sometimes used in place b. ja ddga. of the substantive verb, e.g. battlefield, n. kanganfada. the men are doing so inutane bawl, n. yin kuka, yin ufu. na yin hdka^ the horses are bdellium, African b. dasld. running away dawaki na be, V. 1. ne with masc. subject, g2cdu ; for this use of na see

che with fern, subj., ke with H. Diet. I. p. 273.

either ; they may follow the bead, n., beads chasbi, chasba-

subj. but are often found at ha ; a large white b. in a set

the end of their clause ; e.g. pi. of black aldma, alo.momi ; he is truthful shi mutura round blue b. galan kumburi;

mai-gaskiya ne ; she is very a large white seed used as a

beautiful ita pi. kyakkyawa che ; b. gimba, gimbai ; a large

both of them are old su biyic (Phoenician) b. dilari ; a

tsofi su ke ; the above chiefly small red b. rigigi ; a red express the simple copula, coral b. bajumba; a blue

but see below (3). cylindrical b. worn by women 2. kashi, kashe, kasanche, samfalwa; redheads dimbujin used where emphasis is laid zu/a, dumbaji, jinin kajiri; on the fact or continuance beads made from black seeds ;

bead-tree 21 beaten kantururuwa ; necklace of 3. (to endure) jimri, (to b. hea.dBkutofi; beads worn round with one) jimra^he. the neck by women tagode; beard, n. geme (S.); gemu (K.), string of beads worn round pi. ge7na, or gyamma (S.), loins kwatana ; pearls or red gyammai (K.) ; b. of goat beads murjan, murjani; large rairo, rero. red b. murjanin tudu, rigigi bearded, a b. man mai-geme, (S. ), rikiki prayer ; beads tashi, pi. masu-geme. pi. tasbai; a woman's girdle beardless, adj. shagiri, pi. of beads kwatana, tsdkuwa. shagirai. bead-tree, kuman nasara. beast, n. bisa, pi. bisashe or beak, n. koto, hakin tsuntsuwa, bisaje, ddbba, ddbbo, pi. dab- gehe *. buna or dabbobi; wild b. beam, n., b. above door alma- naman daji, Jlrdi* ; wild ndni a cross ; b. kuba ; b. or beasts bisashen daji, namun post stuck in the ground to daji. support a roof dirka, jigo, pi. beat, tr. v. 1. buga, doke, duka, jigu7ia; b. for pumping water dirka, the last is sometimes jtgo, kutdra. written tsirka, bada kdshi. beam, of light giraza, girazal 2. to b. down, as earth etc. rana. taka, taki, tsaga, tsatstsaga, bean, n. wake, pi. wakoki or ddbe. wakaikai; red edible b. 3. to b. or tread grain tsarariya, tsurariya (K.), ddka, intensive form ddd- kwama (S.) ; small b. komo daka, swaba (S.), surfe, taki, mahogany b. kawo ; sword b. tingama. barankachi; yam b. girigiri; 4. to b. a drum yin wargi; beans ground up and cooked see drum. in water tubdni, tabdni, tu- 5. to b. in war, intr. yin buni; a species of large b. zako. nasara, trans, chi. bear, 1. (to carry) kai, shide, 6. to b. in a game chi, e.g. constr. with da. na chi ka I have beaten 2. (to produce their kind, you. of animals, trees, plants, etc.) beaten, part. adj. in sense of haifa, haife ; to b. in the ear prec. 3. takakke, fem. takakka, as corn goyo. pi. takakku. ; beating 22 beetle

(lawful, beating, n. 1. tsirka, dirka ; see becoming, adj. cere- beat. monially right) halal, halas

2. kdshi, (a defeat in war) or halata, daidai ; it is b. ya artai. yi daidai.

3. b. of wings tafi (K.), bed, n. gddo, pi. gddaje or

tabi (S.). gddashi, karaga* ; to go to beautiful, adj. da kyau, kyau, b., V. kwanta; a b. of mud mai-kyau, kyaivkyawa, kekya- dakali, tugufa', space under a wa^ kyakkyawa. b. in which a fire can be put beauty, n. 1. of persons and tsdriya, tsdri. things kyawo or kyau. bed-clothes, coll. n. maydfi.

2. of dress ornaments etc. bee, n. kudan zuma or kudan ddoy armashi. zummuwa, pi. kudashenzuma; because, conj. don^ chewa*, the mosquito b. or stingless b.

domin chewa*, gama, zania gala, galla, rakuwa ; young of

(S.); cheiva and domin chewa b. gudajen zummuwa ; small are used in written, but not bees so/o/uwa; ground bees in colloquial Hausa. ganya. because of, prep, domin, don, bee-eater, (bird) tsuntsun ha- scihada or sabad da, sdboda*, yaki, tsiriyar kogi. sdbo (K.)' gctma, sabili da, beef, n. nama7i sa, naman shanu. zama (S.); b. of me domina, beehive, n. ainya, amya (K.), b. of him dominsa. hamya, butumi, pi. butuma, beckon, v., to b. with the head burtumi (S.), gidan zum- (in token of assent) gyada muwa.

kai ; to b. or shake the head beeswax, n. dankon zummuwa^ (in token of denial) kdda kai kakin zummuwa. to b. with the hand yafuche, beetle, n., spec, large, black, yafuto. long-legged b. gurgunguma, beckoning, (with the hand) kurgunguma, burgungumay

yafuchi. sari; the * plush b.'or 'velvet become, intr. v. (to come to mite ' karamuski or mulufi* ; be) zdma, zam (S.), samma*, burying b. or dung b. buzuzu;

kawa*, sawoya. click b. makeri ; blister b. han- intr. become, v. (to befit, to gara ; auger b. or wood borer proper) be kdmata, kdmache. kichichiya, gunda ; longicorn ;

befall 23 behind

b. or leaf-cutting b. mage- majiri, fem. almajira, pi. duwa-, tiger b. {\siV\a,)JuTau ; almajirai, maddha, mauro^

water b. kumbudiya (S.), gardi* ; spec, an idle b. kumhudewa (K.). 7nai-kas(da, a b. on the road befall, intr. v. samit, same, sama, tnasarchi, a b. who sings a sami; it befell him ya sameshi. great man's praises ina'aha, befit, intr. v. kdmata^ kdmache. one who lives by begging before, adv. of time dafari, fM- food mai-ktvaraka. kun or tukuna, na dd, kaman beggar, to wander alone as a na dd or kamandd, wuri, da b., intr. v. kasala*.

wuri or dauri, dazu ; in former begging, n. marokachi, roko, time lokachin dd; see ever. begin, v. fdra, yin /dra, dora^ before, conjunctive adv. gdba, som.a (K.); to b. work kdma kdjin, b. that kani*, kamin, aiki, farma* ; it cannot be kana, kan da, kan*, e.g. finish begun ha shi somuwa.

this b. (that) you do that beginner, a (i.e. learner) bayni. kare wannati kana ka yi beginning, participial n. fara^

wanchan ; tun and Htn da wa, farko, ta-farko, somi, are employed with negative 7nasomi, mafdi'i; from the clauses, e.g. b. (that) he died b. of the world ddga mafa^^in he composed a book titn ha duniya.

ya mutu ha ya yi wani beguile, tr. v. rude ; see de- litafi; to go b. gahdta, ga- ceive. hdche, rigaya, he was at the behave, intr. v. (to turn out, farm b. her ya riga ta gona. prove) zama, e.g. na zama da befriend, tr. v., see assist. hankali I shall b. wisely beg, Y: 1. (to entreat, suppli- maida*. cate) roka, yin roko, hiko. behaviour, n. (character, con-

2. (to ask a thing of, as duct) Aa^'i.

alms) bdra, yin hdra, roko ; I behead, tr. v. yanke, dehe kai.

b. pardon gqfara ma ni (or behind, adv. haya, a haya,

mini) ; to b. for help zukatta*. ddga haya ; that which is b. beget, tr. V. (of the male) haife, ahin haya.

yin cla. behind, prep, haya, haya ga, beggar, n. mai-hdra, mai-7'oko, with sufiP. prons. gare, e.g. b. inarok*, fem. marokiya, al- them 6«ya gare su. ! ; behold 24 bend behold, V. duha, duho, gani, man who blows b. mazigi tsokachi, yin kallo, exclam. the stick of the b. maziga.

phr. b. duha! b. him or it belly, n. kundu ; lower part of ga shi! b. her or it ga ta b. mdra, chiki, behove, to kdmache, kdmata. belong, intr. v. 1. (to be the belabour, tr. v. hiiga-y see beat. property of) na, fem. ta with belated, to be, i.e. to be late in the forms of the v. to be, e.g. arriving yin yauchin zakuwa, this book belongs to Hassan

tnakara. litafin nan na Hasan ne, the belch, intr. v. gyatsa^ yyci'Sa, horses b. to the king dawaki

gyashi (S.). na sariki ne, that stick be- belief, n. 1. (creed) addini, longs to this man sanda chan imanchi. ta mutumennan che, it belongs 2. (credence) ban gaskiya. to me nawa ne or ni ke da shi. believe, v., to b. a fact gaskata, 2. (to be native of) e.g. gaskanta, to b. a person hada he belongs to Kano shi dan gaskiya^ yin gaskiya constr. Kano ne. with prep, ga; to b. in, esp. to belongings, n. (property) dii-

b. in God, kasada ; I do not kiya, and in a still more b. it ban karba ba. general sense abubuwa. believed in, particip. adj. yar- beloved, n. masoyi, fem. ma-

dadde, fern, yardadda, pi. soya, pi. masoyu, lele or na-

yardaddu. lele* ; a thing b. abin kamna. believer, n. mumini, fem. mu- below, 1. adv. a kasa, a kas, mina, pi. muniinnai. baya*. bell, n., small b. attached to 2. prep. kalkashi7i (S.),

horse gwarje, gwalje, g'^'^j^ ', karkashin (K.). small bells on horses' heads belt, n. abin damre, madamre,

chikasaura, chikasabra, cha- damdra, pi. damdru ; b. for

kasabra, chikasaura ; bells sword hamila, see girdle. attached to goats etc. kdraii- bench, n. kujera, kushera, pi. rautva or kararawa. kujeru. bellow, intr. v. ruri^ yin bu. bend, tr. v. kalmdsa, kalmisa bellowing, n. bu. (S.), kahnashe, karkdta, gusda, bellows, n. mafuri, mafurin kantara, sunkwiyad da, tan-

wuta, zigazigai, zv^azugi ; a kosa, tankwasa, tankware, bending 25 better

is spec, to b. the kage* or kaga* ; my foot jirga, lauya; ; head kdda kai, kankanda kai, b. dela ya kama kafata. * j sada kai, karkdta or kakartsa bequeath, to wasiche*. with or without kunne (ear) bereavement, n. kewa, kiwa. of) in phrases to b. down (the ear) in order bereft (devoid maras, rashi, to attend to what is said; : like b. of sense jirge, kan- e.g. maras-kankali, b. of intr. dukad da, \ maras-kumya, b. of tare, lankwashe, lankwasa, shame sunkwiya, duka; see bent. strength rashin karifi ; see rasa. bending, n. dukawa, laudi. under prep., see beseech, v., see ask. beneath, adv. and , below. beseem, v., see befit. (at the side of) beneficial, adj., see seq. beside, prep,

wajen, a wajen ; in a looser benefit, n. anfdni ; of b. (bene- ga, tare da. ficial) da anfdni, mai-anfdni. sense, kusa benefit, (confer a b. upon) besides, prep, hamda, ban da, anfdna. baya, bayan, haya ga. benevolence, n. (an act of b.) besprinkle, buta, ydfa, yafa kyauta, abin kyauta, alheri. ruwa. benign, see kind. best, adj. this can only be beniseed, ridi, lidi. expr. by the phr. ya fi duka, or kowa bent, adj. gangare or gangara, mafi duka, ya fi ; this is the b. of these pi. gangaru ; b. or tottering, as of a wall, karkache, fern. ivannan m,afifichi ddga wa- this is the heaviest karkata, pi. karkatu ; a b. tree dannan ; j nauyi; a i wannan ya duka kwandariya, kondariya* ', fi man with a b. arm mai- he is doing his b. yana da \

with a jimri ; cf. Hausa Gr. p. 75. laushi, maikwarda, j with betray, tr. v. (to deliver up b. leg gwami, old man ;

; b. b. back takoko ; it cannot be treacherously) bashe to

b. ha shi tankwasawa. confidence chin amana, or \

bent, to be yin gangare, kar- ^ chinye amana; to b. one kache. another bada juna.

\ tr. v. rike, rika, riki. Benue, the river, pr. n. Tsdda, i betroth, or ruwan Tsdda. betrothal, riko. benumbed, to be, intr. v. better, adj. 1. gen. dama, ; between 26 big

gtoama, gwamma, e.g. it were e.g. b. of that log lest you b. ya yi dama; (superior) fall over it ka tuna da ichen majifichi foil, by daga, e.g. 7ian kdda ka/adi bisa.

this is better than that wan- bewilder, tr. v. dame. nan mafijichi ddga wanchan, bewildered, to be, intr. ddniu,

or wannan ya dadi wanchan ; jin damuwa, rude. e.g. it is b. BO gara, n. fi, ya fi ; bewilderment, damuwa. gaira, guma, gwamma^ e.g. it beyond, 1. adv. of place haya,

is b. gara, it is b. so gara gaha; (further on, at a hcika, or gwamma haka^ it is distance) nesa, da, or ddga b. for me to stop ni gara in or na nesa, e.g. that which tsaya, rather than I should lies b. ahin haya. do this it would be b. to die 2. prep, baya, bayan, ke- da na yi ivannan gara in taren.

mutu. 3. fig. (suYipassmg) Jaskare,

2. a b. state of health is Ji, e.g. it is b. me ya faskare expr. by means of dama, ni or ya ji ni, b. the power afuwa, rangiva77ie, e.g. to of man ya ji mutum or ya feel b. jin dama, jin ran- ji karjin mutum. gwame., to get b. samu dama, beyond, to go, v., e.g. he went also by wartsaka, b. to-day b. sea ya ketare gulbi. than yesterday gwamma yau biceps, kwanduwan hannu. da jiya, see Hausa Gr. bid, n., a b. tayi.

p. 75. bid, V. 1. (to command) ha-

between, 1. adv. tsdka. kumche, hakumia.

2. prep, tscikan, tsdkanin. 2. (to offer a price for)

3. n. (a space), b. tsdkani. taya, tayi, yin tayi.

bewail, v. 1. intr. yin kuka. bier, mdkarai.

2. tr. expr. by 1. with bifurcate (of a path), bii-kichi, preps, given under on ac- birkita.

count of. big, adj. 1. (of size) babba, pi.

bewailing, 1. particip. n. (the manya, ruku-rukit* ; also fig. act of b.) kukawa. (important), e.g. a b. man 2. concr. (wail) kuka. babban matum or mutum beware of, V; yin hankali, babba, a b. thing ridimin abu tuna, constr. with prep, da, to grow b. gawurta, gawusta, ;;

bile 27 bird

the boy has grown b. yaro ya cuckoo (lark-heel c. or crow

gaivurta ; full-grown gawur- pheasant) ragon maza ; dove tache^ pi. gawurtattu. kurchiya, garda, bardo, haz-

2. chiki, biya^ ; (pregnant) da wala eagle gaggafa ; karambiki. egret (great white e. or heron)

3. (pompous, arrogant) da zarbi, zalbi ; little e. balbela,

girnian kai, mai-homa, pi. badbila, bilbila ; finch chi- masu-homa. goro, sisita, shaida, baiwar

bile, n. machiwa (S.). Allahf zalaidu ; honey-guide

bill, n. 1. (account) lisaji or gunda, maganiya ; hoopoe

chigi da tuku, katu tu ; horn- 2. (beak, q.v.) koto. bill burtu, bultu, chilikowa,

bind, tr. V. 1. damre^ daure, ka-ki-ganin-Allah] ibis (Afri-

damra^ darme, tanka, tanke, can wood i.) tsagagi, jinjimi ; lamyache (K.), sarkafe-, spec, Hadadah ibis vara; partridge

to b. fast tsuke ; to b. grass (or francolin) fakara (K.),

with cords so as to form roof makeruiva (S.) ; pigeon tanta- yamche or yamchi. bara, tandabara\ plover %a7'e- binding, particip, n. sarkafe^va kyare^ zakaran yaki, zakaran

boards or stiff covers for b. assuba, dan raguwa ; black-

books bango, iadarishi ; b. of headed p. or crocodile bird

com bambu. ladin kogi ; roller or blue jay bird, n. tsuntsu, zu7izu*, fern. chanwaka, tsanwaka ; starling

tsuntsuwa, zunzuwa^, pi. dokin buntu ; glossy s. or

ts2intsaye,zunzaye*. The fol- grakle tsakwaikwaiwa ; stilt

lowing are some of the com- taka bado ; stork shamo, sha-

monest birds in Hausaland : muwa, kasheri, rtiai-jika, bo- bishop-bird, dala, mulufi rintumke, babba da jikka^ bustard, the lesser b. kadab- tsagagi, juhurma -, sun-bird

kara, kadafkara, katakara, sha kauchi ; swallow (a * sokara ; the greater b. tuje ; species of s.) tsaitsewa, mashi-

crow shimkake, a white- rari ; weaver b. jira, kdbare.

backed c. hankdka, pi. han- The following have not yet

kaki or hankaku ; crane, been identified : a small white

crested c. gauraka^ goraka, diving b. benema; a large

garmaka, gamraka, kurki* carnivorous b. duki; a ; yellow* bird lime 28 blade

breasted b. gado ; a species of bite, n. chizo; b., e.g. of a

sparrow gora ; a small b. with scorpion ddni ; b. of a snake red plumage which feeds on sari.

guinea-corn marai; a small bite, tr. V. chizo, yin chizo, singing b. wali, waliya; a chije (followed by pron. obj.);

long-beaked water b. sulhi ; of snakes etc. (to sting) sdra,

see also banupiya, huwa, taha, halhi, tdma (S.) ; to b.

kajarini, kilabtu, off gdtsa, zahta ; to b. at bird lime, n. dankon tsunt- gurgura; to seize with the

suwa. teeth tasamma, tasoma (S.). bird's-eye, idon zakara. bitter, adj. da divachi, da dachi, birth, n. 1. (coming into life) yainama, yanyanna, da yami,

haifuwa ; since your b. tun madachi ; to make b. or to be haifuwarka = since you were b. tsamama. born. bitterness, n. dwachi, dachi. 2. (the act of bringing bivouac, on a field of battle forth) haifuwa, jeyo. kwananddga. 3. an untimely b. ha- black, adj. hdki, fern, hdka, pi. kwaini, harin chiki. babbaku; veryh. bdki kirin (or birth, to give b. to, tr. v. hai/a, kerin), baki wur ; a b. horse haife, yinjego. akawali, kiyara, chichiro. birth, a woman about to give blacken, intr. v. (to become or b. to a child karamhiki. turn b.) zama bdki, sauya birthday, n. rana ta haifuwa, bdki, babake* ; tr. (to make ranan haifuwa. black) babaki*. birthplace, n. 7nahaifa*, phr. blackish, bdki-bdki. wurin da oka haifa. blackness, bakintaka. biscuits, akara*. blacksmith, n. mai-kira, ma-

bishop-bird, or cardinal- keri, fem. makeriya, pi. ma-

bird, dala, mulufi, kera ; the fem. = a black- bit, n. 1. (of a horse) lizami, smith's wife. n. jika*. linzami, lizzami (S. ) ; the strap bladder, mafitsara, tied to a b., n. kamazuru. blade, n. 1. (of corn etc.) 2. (small piece, fragment) kdra, pi. karare, tofo, fofo, gutsura, pi. gutsatsari. zangare, zangarniya.

bitch, n. kdriya. 2. (of knife) karifen wuka. Dlame 29 blister

3. (broken b. of sword) ku- 2. moral b. aibu. bless, V. barka, albarka used blame, n. 1. (finding fault, re- with yi or wa, e.g. he blessed

proof) foro^ tsawa^ harasa, ya wa albarka ; albarkata, rarauka (K.), zarge. kyautaye. 2. (fault, guilt) laiji. blessing, n. albarka, salati*. blame, tr. v. 1. (to reprove, blight, e.g. on corn domana, check) yin tsawa. mando. 2. (to impute guilt) hada blighted, adj. applied to corn

laiji. kupturu, kuturu (S.), see blam.eless, adj. maras-laifi, birtuntuna. babu laiJi. blind, adj. makafo, pi. makafi; blanket, n. bargo, burgo, hiru, a b. person makdfo, fern. kuntu*, kuntukuru*. makafuiva (S. ), makauniya blaspheme, v. yin al/asha, yin (K.), pi. makafi; makabta swabon Allah. (S.), makanta (K.).

blasphemy, n. alfasha magana, blind, tr. v., to make b. mama'asi *. kamta ; intr. to become b. bleaching, chalk used for, n. makafche, makamche, ma- alii. kanche. bleat, intr. v. km^c and gen. blindness, n. makamta, ma- yi7i kuka, yin bu. kanta, makopchi, makabche, bleating, n. bu, kara. makabchi.

, bleed,v. intr. tsaga or phr. zubda blink, intr. v. rumtse, runitsi,

jini ; tr.Jitajini orJidda jini, runtsa (S.).

constr. with prep. ma. blinkers, leathern b. for a horse bleeding, particip. adj., see furtali.

bloody. blinking, n. kifil kifil. bleeding sickness, n. tsagiya; bliss, n. ni'ima*.

b. from nose hdbo. blister, n. 1. i.e. something blemish, n. 1. material or to cause blistering farsa. physical b. aibi, aibu, pi. 1 aibo- 2. of the skin sali, swali, bi, aibu, Idhani; e.g. a b. in the swale, bororo.

eye Idhaniga ido ; b. , e.g. aspot blister, v. 1. tr.farcha. of different colour in cloth 2. intr. (to be blistered) etc. sqfdne, sofdni, surfani. sali. j yin ; ; block 30 blunder block, e.g. of salt or potash blow, V. 1. tr. busa, ddbar, yin

haura (S.) ; b. of wood firde. ddbar, e.g. the trumpeter blood, n.jini ; b. lettingjiniya, blew the trumpet mai-busa ya

jir/a, jar/a, majinachiya. busa kafo ; to b. away bushe. blood-feud, tama. 2. intr. busa, e.g. the wind bloody, adj. (bleeding or blood- used to b. all night iska ta

stained) dajini ; his face was kan busa dare duka ; spec, to all h. fuskassa duka saijini. b. the fire under a cooking blossom, n./ure, pi. furori or pot girke, girki ; to b. water furaye. out of the mouth tuddas; blot, n., e.g. of ink dole, dan- to b. a fire zuga, fura, e.g. b.

gwale ; to make a b. dardasa. up the fire with the bellows blot V, yin maimai, shaka out, fura wuta da mafuri ; shafe. to b. up, e.g. an empty bag blow, n. gen. huga, kadi, rotse, yin bokoko, to b. up a bag

roche] a b. esp. in boxing fura salka ; to b. about jake. dambe, tika, a b. in fighting blowing, n. busa, e.g. the b. of fdda, pi. fddodi, a b. with the trumpet, wind, etc. bUsan

hand mari, pi. marumari, or kafo, busan iska ; b. of water Tnaremare, bugu, bugo, a hard out of the mouth tudaswa.

b. causing wound or swelling blown upon, i.e. dried, adj.

rotsi, rochi (S.), pi. ratsa, a b. busashe.

in punishment fig. sanda, pi. blue, n. shuni orjuni*, ddfuwa. sanduna.—To strike or give blue, adj. shudi, fem. shudiya, blow or blows, v. gen. buga, pi. shudodi, da shuni or da intens, bubbuga or bugabuga; juni*, ddfdfi; spec. b. cloth mari or mare with intens. shiyodi, turkudi, saki, swaki

participial n. marmarawa light b. shudi-shudi ; a b.

rochi, rotsa, wtdakanta, tsam- stone kaule ; a dark b. thread ki, daka with intens. forms nati.

daddaka and dandaka ; a b. blue, to be, intr. v. saki*, soki*

with clenched fist dundu, or swaki* ; to stain the face

naushi, I gave him a b. that b. dambara ; to dye b. shuda, left its mark na yi ma sa shiyuda. rotsi, the sound of a b. ku- bluff, alwdshi. mus (S.). blunder, see mistake. blunt 31 boot

blunt, adj. ; da laushewa in the ta/asa, fa/asu, ta/ashe, taso; sense of devoid of edge hahu it is boiling a7ia tafasa. kaiji. boiled, past part., tafasashshe, blunt, to be, v. dallashe, dal- iem. ta/asashiya,p\. tafasassu. lishi, dakushe, yin dakusa. boiling, n. tas?/;a ; the rise and bluntness, n. (of a knife) tade- fall of b. water habuma, ham- rishi, laushiwa, dakusa. buma. boar, the wild, n. alhanzir, bold, adj., see brave, hanzir, gyado, fem. gyadain- bolt, v., to b. food rushe (K.). ya, pi. gyadodi or gyaduna. bolt, see lock. board, n. ([)lank) faskare ; to bone, n. kashi, pi. kasussuwa or make into boards yinfaskare, kassa ; back-b. kashin tsotso ; coll. boards karauki, boards bones in a fish kayar kifi\ for binding books tadarishi*. shin-b. kobri, kwabri, kwauri boast, V. gawurta, gawusta, (K.), kiibri, pi. kwabruka; yin kurari, yin rdha, ruha. hip-b. kwankwasso; marrow- boaster, n. mai-foma, pi, masu- b. tantakwashi, tantakoshi.

I foma, mai-homa, mai-tama, bone-setter, mai-dori. pi. masu-tama; b. in war book, n. litdfi, letdfi, pi. Utd-

gugirma. taji, or litattaffai, or litat-

I boasting, n. foma, homa, tama, taffaye; takarda^, pi. takar- alfahari, ahvashi,fari,fariya, j du*^ kundi, pi. kundaye, dan i kurari. kundi, kitdba * ; leathern boat (i.e. canoe), n. jirigi or case for a b., n. gafaka, i jirgi, p\. jirage. gafakka^ or (S.) gufaka ; boatman, n. mai-jirigi, pi. large thick b., n. sufuri, masu-jirigi. sujili ; page of a b., n. ivarka, bobbin, mdtdri. waraka ; stiff covers for a b., body, jiki, pi. jikuna. n. tadarishi*, bango, pi. ban- body-guard, one of the king's, gaye or banguna. n. zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or book-marker, n. alama or ha- jarimi, pi. zarumai. lama, pi. alamomi, amara. boil, n. kurji, kureji, pi. ku- boot, n. kubuta* ; spec, long rareji, kuraje; kirchi, gurje, leathern b. safe, high riding girje, bambaroki, maruru. b. karufa, kurufa, kurfa, boil, V. tr. or intr. ia/asa, yin long riding b. with spurs booth 32 bow

kufita, kufuta, pi. kufitai, scent b. wakiya, wakiyya ; a kufutai. large leathern b. for holding booth, n. bukka, pi. bukkoki; butter giwan basa; a small sayi, pi. sayoyi. skin b. tandu. booty, n. ahin kwache. bottom, 1. (the lowest part or

border, n. 1 . of a country iyaka. foundation) gutsu, kalkashi,

2. silk b. on woman's dress gato, e.g. b. of a fence gaton hashiya. darnij gi^idi.

3. b. of cloth lafe^ lafi. 2. (buttocks) gato^ gindi. bore, tr. V. fuda, fude^ buda, bough, n. reshe, refe (S.), rehsy huda, yin rarake. refo, pi. rassu, rassa, raffu^ boring, n./udi, yxirake. refuna; see branch. born, pass. part, haifaffe, fern. bound, intr. v. (to leap up or haifaffa, pi. haifaffu. forward) tuma. borrow, tr. v. yin dro, ramta, bound, past part. 1. (tied up,

yin ramche, e.g. I did not b. fastened with a band) dam- much money ban yi ramchen rarre, pi. damrarru, oka

kurdi dayawa ba ; to b. damre, faskarari*. money chin bashi. 2. fig. (obliged, required) borrower, n. mai-chin bashi, wajib, wajibi with ne or ke, niai-daukan bashi. e.g. we are b. to go to the bosom, n. gaba, pi. gabobi, war wajibi ne mu tafi yaki. kirji, pi. kirjai, kiraza. boundary, n. iyaka, gayya, both, 1. adj. biyu, e.g. b. of or gaya (K.), kaida, makarin them duka biyu or su biyu; kasa, matuka.

this may also be expr. by bow, n. (i.e. the weapon) bakd, ddga wannafi sai wannan. pi. bdkuna, b. and arrows

2. conj. da, e.g. b....and bdkan kibiya ; to discharge a da... da. b,, V. halbi or harbi; b. for bottle, n. tasa or dasa*, pi. ta- cleaning cotton bdkan shlba.

soshi, kwalaba, kwaliba ; tulu, bow, 1 .intr. V. (to incline the head

pi. tuluna, dalulu ; small in salutation) yin dJi,duka{S. ). earthenware b. buta, water 2. (to b. down as in the

b. calabash kurtu, burmi, native prostration) yin dfi^ gyandama, skin water b. gurfana, yin gurfane rusuna, salka or salka, pi. salkuna, ;

"bowels 33 break

3. to b. or stoop sunkwiya, tugula, tagura, munduwa, sunkuya^ sunkurya (K.), pi. mu7idaye. kurda (S.), duka. brackishness, zartsi. 4. (to b. the head down or braid, to tu/ka, tubka, tupka sideways in order to listen) (K.), tumka (S.); see plait. karkata or kakartsa. ' brains, n. coll. kwallutva, kwa~ bowels, n. hanji. kwalluwa, kokolwa. bowing, n., i.e. so as to touch" branch, n., of trees reshe, refe the ground with the forehead (S.), refo, pi. refuna, raffu; sujada, sajada, alkafura ; see spec, small b. hamso*, b. bow. stripped of leaves kututture, bowl, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gi- kututturo, kututturu ; wither- dauniya, gwongwon, kata*. ed branches coll. kwabruka; bow-legged, chassa. thin bending b. tsumanjiya. bowman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma- brass, n. jan karife, farin halba or masu-halhi. karife, gachi, janjache. bowstring, n. tsirkiya, tsar- brave, adj. mazakuta, da zu- kiya, chirkiya, igiyar baka. chiya babba, mai-zuchiya, box, n. akodi, akwati, san- mai-karijin zuchiya. duki, or sanduki, pi. san- bravery, n. mazakuta, maza- dukai, mai-sutura* ; spec, a kunta, . mazakunchi, tasiri small skin b., e.g. for snuff (S.), zarumta. batta, pi. battochi; barta, pi. bray, intr. v. (of the ass) bir- bartochi; small glass b. for bira, barbara, yin kugi. frankincense lulu. bray, tr. v. (to beat small', box, V. danibe, nausha, naushe, pound) daka. nushe, dankwasa, dankwashe. bread, n. (made of wheat) boxer, gy;^ dan dambe. rasa. boxing, n. naushi, dambe. breadth, n.fddi,faski*. boy, n. 7/aro, pi. yara, yaraye, break, v. 1. tr. | chiri ; fdsd, yaye or yayaye ; spec. b. who fdso.pdsa.fashe, | pashe,palshe is third or fourth child, the I kariya, kariyi, karye ; kalle previous children being all (K.), rotsa, roshe, rosa, tsinke, girls tanko*. tsunke-, to keep breakilig boyishness, n. halin yaro. 1' tsuntsunke, .. bracelet, n. tagula, tagulla, 2. fig. to b. a promise skki R. H. D. breakage 34 bridle

alkawali or warwari alka- breathe, intr. v. lumfasa (S.), (K.), to b. heavily wali. numfasa dauki lumfashi, yin sheda, 3. fig. intr. of the da}^ daylight or morning, see I b. hard na yi fuka. dawn. breathing, n., heavy b. lum- numfashi, lunfastu, 4. tr. with various modi- fashi, habuiria*, hambuma. fications of meaning: to b. sheda, (S.) to b. breed, v. ba diya, yin diya, open rihe, Jalke ; haife, haifu. to pieces farfasha or pal- haifi, n. yan-uwa; my b. pashe (intens, forms oifashe, brethren, yan-uwana. pashe), rugunguza*,/an/atsa; b. given to a b. up bribe, n. toshi ; to b. off kudure ; to or hila, kirsa, ri- kakkariya, karereya, rumd da, judge fila bcdgache, kaririye intensive shiwa. chidacheto*. forms of kariya; to b. up bribe, tr. v. of mud) tubals again dandaka intensive form brick, n. (made a off katse. ku7iku (S.), pi. kunkaye; of daka ; to b. grass used for making bricks 5. to b. a horse hirga, hurga. ramno (S.), rauno (K.). 6. to b. the law taka skari'a. make, v. yin tubali. breakage, aras, a sound as of bricks, to bride, n., specially applied to b. garan-garan, kilin-kllin. the latest wife amariya ; the breakfast, n. kalachi, or karin of a bride amarchi; the kumallo (also = midday meal), state kdwa. kariyan azumi, sahur, suhur. friend of a b. ango, pi. an- breaking, participial n. kari- bridegroom, n. angaye*; a feast for yewa. guna or friends ambaru- breakwater, to hold water back a b. and his dowry or a a b. used for wa, sansambi; a by a b. datse , gift given to a bride sadaki. catching fisl» gando, tdshi{S.). pi. bridge, n. kadarko. breast, 1. (bosom) kirji, bridle, n. lizami, lizzami, li- kiraza, kirijai, gaba.

zani, linzami ; a strap round 2. (b. of mother or dam) head fastened to b. mama, nono, pi. nonuna, horse's a brass appendage nonaye or nonna. inaraya-, head of a of, n. to a b. peluwa ; breath, shortness fuka ; b. kwalkwada, kwalkwali. to hold the b. dauki lumfashi. ; ;

l)rigand 35 brood

Tjrigand, n. ma/ashi pi. only, ; bringing, participial n. kawowa. masu-tari. brinjal, (tomato) gauta, l)right, adj./aW, fern, fara, pi. brink, n. baki, pi. bakuna. farari or /aru/aru fari/at, ; brittleness, aras, gaushi, gau- da tachi, tachache, pi. tacha- tsi. chu or tatattu ; b. as silver broad, adj. fddi, da faski, tangarai, the last also = un- bikiki, tafkeke, clouded, broadcast, adv. a zube. l^rightness, tachi, tdshi, brocade, n. dibajo, kambori* iDrim, n. burbishi; up to the white cotton b. samasadowa. b./a?^, e.g. it was filled to the broil, tr. v. soya or suya. b. ya haufau, ya tashifau. broiled, past part, soyayye or l)rimstone, n. I faral wuta, ki- soyeye, fern, i soyayya, pi. brit*, kaule*. soyayyu. bring, I tr. v. kawo, kayo, kai; zo broken, past ^d.vi. fasashe, pi. constr. with da (lit. come fdsassu, kararre, I matache *, or with), e.g. he brought the mafMche, fem. matachiya or book ya zo da litafi ; spec, matatta, pi. matattu, e.g. a modifications are to b. back b. vessel matattar kwariya, (i.e. to restore) maida, iumbe; mara^. to b. forth fUo da; (to broken, to be b. up, v. war- give birth to) haiji or ; I hai/e wari, wariwari or wawa- to b. forward (to adduce) ri. kai or kawo, e.g. b. proof broker, n. dildli or dillali, dan kai shaida, they would b. baranda; to act as b. yin forward a reason su kan dildli, or yin dilanchi kawo dalili; to b. near to broker's commission, cf. seq. the speaker, also simply b. brokerage, n. (fee or com- here or b. near kawo ; to b. mission as intermediary in together gabato, ja7A)o to b. ; sales) la'ada, ladda; if the up (to nurse, educate) gwoiyo, price paid is to be la'ada reno; to b. up a child or chiki (b. included) the animal seller whose parent is dead pays the b. (usually 5 p.c), tallafi ; to take and b. tareyo if la'ada waje (exclusive of or tariyo; to b. together b.) the buyer pays the b. Jibche, jibta, iara. brood, n. colL (offspring) diya, 3-2 !

^^1 brook 36

sense buck, n. prefix namiji, e.g. b. in a wide or general antelope namijin barewa; b. iri, pi. irare, q.v. or goat bunsuru, pi. bunsurai; brook, n. rafi, pi. rafuna water b. gwambaza ; reed b. rafafuka. keji, kwantarafi. broom, mashari"^, tsintsiya; kxiji, bucket, n. guga, pi. gugunay see brush, kwariyar guga; a leather b. broom-weed, sweet b.-w. wdsaki. roma fada. bucking, e.g. of a horse or broth, n. miya^ romuwa (S.), tutsu, butsari. b. made donkey romo (K.), halu* ', buckle, n. maballi. from fruit of dm'owa tree bud, intr. v. yin gunda, yin. daddawa^ daudawa. used as tofo, kumpsa*. brother, n. dan-uwa ; bud, n. gunda. an expression of regard in buffalo, n., dwarf b. or bush- addressing others (usually cow bauna, pi. bakane, or pron. tia) = brother with suff. bauna. baunaye ; kutunkun or dear friend! dan-uwana, uwa, buffalo-horn, (plant) magari^ pi. yan-uwana or yan kura. elder b. wa, yar shikiki, shakiki ; V. buga, dambe. younger b. kdne, buffet, pi. yeye ) bug, n. kazunzumi, gazunzumi pi. kannai, or kanne. kudi. brotherhood, kanenchi. (S.), gina, kafa; the goshi he build, tr. V. brow, n. (forehead) ; former is also spec, applied bent his b. or knit his brows damre to construction of roads, the (= he -frowned) ya latter to that of roof etc. \gi7itse or jirkiia) fuskassa. with beams : kasantada*. bruise, n. rauni, taryade. builder, magini. bruise, tr. v. falfasa, shara, building, a, n. garu*. brush, n. tsintsiya, abi/rt built, past part, ginanne, pi. mashari. with ginannu. brush, tr. V. (i.e. to sweep bull, n. 1. (male of horned a broom or b.) shao^a, share, bajini thoroughly cattle) sa, bajimi (S.), shache, kabe ; to b. bishimi, kinna : hair shafa (K.), bijimi, kakkabe ; to b. the spec, large (castrated) b. bur- gashi. tumijurtumi ; b. for carrying brushing, tsl/a. ; ;

bullet 37 bush-cat

loads takarkari^ p]. takar- desire etc., the heart burned karai. zuchiya ta kuna. 2. gen. (male of any large burning, particip. adj. mai- animal) toro, pi. toranni, to- fura, konewa', b. disease kona rone, e.g. bull elephant toron or kuna* ; a smell of b. giwa; toro with omission of karni, kas7ii, kaur.

gitva is often specially applied burnous, alkyahba, pi. alk- to the male elephant = ria- yabbu. mijin giwa. burnt, past part, konanne, fem. bullet, n. harsashe, pi. harsa- konanna, pi. konannu ; spec,

sai ; harsa (S. ), pi. harsashi, b. food, n. kamzo, kanzo ; b. dutsim hindiga; see cart- all over, adv. kurmus*. ridge. burrow, to raraka, raruke. bulrush, shalla. burst, V. tr. and intr. fashe, bunch, n. (e.g. a b. of flowers) pashe ; bursting out laughing dame or dami, pi. ddmuna fashewa da dariya ; sounds of or damraa, dunji. bursting (onomatopoeic) /«^s bundle, ddme^ dam% dunji., to b. open tsiyayye (K.). gwallo; to place in bundles bury, tr. v. bizne, bisne, birna, yin jeni. bisa, bishe, binne*, turbude, burden, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki. turumbude* ; spec, to b in burdensome, adj., see heavy the earth as locusts do their and troublesome. eggs turbude. burial, abstr. n. hiso, bizni, burying-place, n. see burial- birni. place. burial-cloth, native, n. zugu bush, n. spec, thorny b. kwab- see winding-sheet. dodo, kaudodo, sarkakiya ; burial-place, n. makwanche, thick-foliaged b. used as food wurin bizne, wurin kushewa, sukuki* ; b. in the sense of wurin kusheyi^ kusJieya. uncultivated forest land daji, burn, V. 1. tr. kona, kone, kuna, rukuki ; b. in sense of scrub or soya, suya, surya, toyi, towi, farm b. jeji, kunchi, kumchi. toya, tuya; to b. up com- bush-buck, lesser b. or 'har- pletely konkone, spec, to b. nessed antelope' (i.e. Trage- with a hot iron lalas*. laphus scriptus) mazo, ganjar. 2. intr. kuna, kone ; fis. of bush-cat, see cat.! ; bush-cow 38 butt bush-cow, or dwarf buffalo her feet and her eyes jikin hauna, pi. hakane, haunaye. mache duk yi aVaura ya ke business, n. 1. (trade, com- sai ko matakai sai ido ; those merce) cJmiiki, shagall, pi. who love thee can but salute shagulla (S.), or shagulgula again m,asowa naka sai kum,a

(K.), bukdta, sha'ani ; to do salmawa ; neg. there is no

b. yin shdgali; to do b. with health in it, nothing but yin da. sickness babu lajiya chiki

2. gen. ( = concern) hukata] nata sai chiwuta ; there is also, in neg. and interrog. often an idiomatic ellipsis sentences, ruwa, e.g. it is no before sai, e.g. the whole b. of mine ba ruwana or habu street was nothing but water ruwana^ what b. is it of yours dukan kasuwa sai ruwa,.

ina (lit. where?) ruwankul nothing but blood sai jini ; go about your b. ka tafi in this way is to be explained

abinka ; minding one's own the phr. sai lafiya, i.e. no-

b. sha'ani; mind your b. thing but well, i.e. quite shiga sha'anlnka; he went well. The expr. bamda or about his b. ya yi zamansa. banda may = English but, e.g.

3. (affair or thing) abu, e.g. put nothing in the pot but a bad b. abin mugu. meat kada ku sa komi chikin bustard, the lesser b. kadab- tukunya bamda nama where kara^ kadafkara, sokara* sai nam,a would be equally the greater b. tuji. correct. busybody, mai-kwarmato. butcher, n. mafauchi, mahau-

but, 1. adversative conj. amma chi, pi. Tnahauta.

cfo is at times found where butcher, tr. v., i.e. to slaughter

the opposition is not (as with animals in technical sense amma) explicit and logical, yin fawa. e.g. but are you able to do butcher-bird (shrike), bam-

this 1 da kana iya yin haka ? baini. /ache*, balshe*, bari dai. butchery, n. tech. (slaughter-

2. exceptive prep, and conj. ing of animals) yai(;a.

sai, e.g. a woman's entire butt, intr. V. kdra, yin kdro^ body ought to be strictly tunkwiya, tunkuda, e.g. the concealed 'but the soles of two goats are butting each ;

butter 39 cake

other awaki su biyu suna buzz, n. amo ; b. of bees kugi^ tunkuda junansu or da juna. kogi.

butter, 11. 1. gen. whether buzz, intr. v. amo or yi7i amo.

animal or vegetable mai. by, 1. prep, instr. (with) da, 2. cow b. main shanu, e.g. he was struck by an dunguli, dungule, turde; a arrow aka halbe shi da kibiya, large leathern bottle for 2. prep. loc. (near) kusa, holding b. giwan hasa. kusa da, or kusa ga, e.g. by butterfly, n. hamota or bama- the shore of the pool kusa ga wuta, kwalkwcda, kilikili, bakin gulbi ; (along by) baya,

kilkili ; the expr. litdfin A llah e.g. we walked by the town (writing of God), or dokin mun yi yawo bayan birni.

Allah (God's horse) is often 3. prep, distributive, e.g. used to designate the butter- by fours fudu fudu, by tens

fly ; cf. tadawal Allah, malam goma goma.

hude litafinka. 4. adv. (near) kusa. butter-tree, n. the shea-butter by-and-by, a7^ jima and zuwa tree (Bassia Parkii) kadanya\ zuwa.

shea-butter, i.e. its thick byword, of. her character be- butter-like oil, inain kadanya, came a b. halinta ya zama main kade, or man kade. sara. butting, n. kdro, tuni, tunk-

wiyi. cackle, intr. v. yin karkara. buttock, n. gato. cackling, w.kyarkyara, kirkira. button, n. makuhli or makulli, cactus, a prickly Euphorbia pi. makuhlai, mabantari (K.), with c.-like habit and milky mabantali (S.), mxjthallen riga, juice tinya, tunya, kyarana. anini*. cadger, bakanchi, maichile, buy, \\ saya, sayi, saye, sai masha-chile. ;

to b. and bring back sayo cage, n. akurke, akurki, pi. to be bought sayu. akurkai, gidan tsuntsuwa ; buyer, n.mai-saye,^\. masu-saye. a cage for fowl (a hencoop) buying, sayi ; espec. wholesale akurkin kaza.

b. faja; b. and selling saye cake, n., c. of rice or guinea- da sayarwa, or saye da sa- corn waina (K.), tsala, tsaliya yaswa. (K.), tswala (S.),ma5a(Zaria); ; calabash 40 calm

' p. of wheat flour and honey calf, n. 1. (young of large ani-

fankasu \ c. of bean flour and mal) da, connective dan, pi.

oil soto ; c. made from beans yaya or ya, connect, yayan of the dorowa tree daddawa; or yan, coll. pi. diya, connect.

c. of oil, honey and rice or diyar.

wheat tsatsafa, hankuru, 2. (young of cow) mardki, hakuru, kosai, shashaka. fem. mardka, pi. maruka or calabash, n. gora, pi. gorina, ynarukka ; spec, a young

kwariya, burmi, gyandama, female c. karsana.

maburmi, muburmi ; spec, calf, n., i.e. of the leg dambubu,

small c. kumbu ; long-necked tukatukai* (K.).

c. used as water-bottle kurtu, calico, n. alkdmura ; white

kortu ; c. finger-basin kwa- c. for making tobes maha-

; mudi, (S.). chiya c. strainer rariya ; alawayo

a small c. placed in a water call, tr. V. (to summon) kira, ki-

pot to prevent water spilling raya, Mraye; to c. or summon

when carried magumki, gum- to where the speaker is, and

karuwa. also simply to c. kirawo ; to c. calamity, n. (distress, adver- in the sense of to name kira

sity) tsiya, maslfaj maydta^ suna ; 'called,' i.e. named

wahala ; a c. (a distressing or entitled is expressed thus : or adverse thing or event) a man called Bube want abin muyu or mugun abu. 7nutuin sunansa Bube, a great calculate, v. (to compute, man who was called the reckon) yin kidaya, kilga, Madaki baba ana che da shi

kirga, yin lisafi. Madaki ; calling out, verbal calculation, n. 1. (act of com- n. kira ; one who calls to puting or reckoning) kidaya, prayer makiran salla. kida, kididdiga. callous, dakanta.

2. (sum or amount reached calm, n. (absence of wind, still bye.) kidaya, kida, kididdiga. weather) natsu, natso, natsu-

lisafi, the last commonly ap- wa, nitso, nitsuwa, also used

plied to accounts, bills, etc. fig. in the sense of relaxation

beyond c. (incalculable, in- or rest. tr. v. (to appease) lal- numerable) sun fi kidaya. calm, caldron, n. tukunya. lashi or lUlashi, sanyaya. caltrop 41 capture

caltrop (plant), tsaidau, tsidau, cannibal, n. 1. jan-maye, mai-

dayi ; water c. gyadar ruwa. chin mutane.

calumniate, v. chim-haya, 2. c. people, or tribe yam- rada*. yam^ nyamnyam. calumny, n. chimbaya, rada. cannon, n. madafa*, agwa. camel, n. rakumi, fern, rakuma, canoe, n. jirigi, abara^, jirgi,

pi. rakumma ; the female c. pi. jirage ; c. cover rumpa^ taguwa, pi. taguwai, tagu- komi* (S.), rum/a ; c. paddles

woyi ; spec, large male c. filafile or fulafule ; c. paddle

amale ; a two-humped camel used as a rudder matuki ; a c. uturkumami, f. aturkumama; pole gwangwala*, kwangwala. s, running c. jeraya ; the canoe, to paddle a c, v. tuka, constellation of the C. ta- the participial n. of which is gmva. tukatva. camp, n. 1. (halting ground canter, n. hammadanchi. of travellers etc.) zango, pi. canter, intr. v. zugurubtu, zanguna. jigeribti, jigribti, kwakkwafa, 2. (in the military sense) cantle, of a saddle kwachiar

sansani ; camping-place, n. baya. ivui'in sabka or sapka. cap, n. tagiya ; spec, a white camphor, n. kdfur. c. worn inside fez fula, pi. camwood, majigi. fuluna ; a blue or black c. can, auxiliary v. iya, aho samu; /ula saki ; c. of red cloth he could not enter ba ya with tassel (fez) fuladdara,

samu ya shiga ; with passives fulandara, faladara ; a c. a iya may be employed, e.g. with two flaps to cover the it cannot be lifted ba a iya ears hdbal kdda. a dauke shi. cape, made of palm fibre cancel, to c. an agreement kabido, kabudo. warware. capsicum, barkono. cane, n. 1. gora, pi. gorina; capture, tr. v. 1. (to catch or spec, water-cane burgu ; sort take, of prisoners, slaves) of bamboo c. kwangi, kwagiri; kama, kankaraa^ same. sugar c. takanda, rake. 2. (to conquer, get dominion 2. (walking-stick) sanda, over a city or people) c^^, e.g. pi. sanduna, kulki. he conquered the people, the ;

caracal 42 carrier

king was captured ya chisu means of prep, da^ e.g. he

oka kama sariki ; to c. and cared nought for his reproof bring back chiwo. hai kula da foronsa ha. caracal, (lynx) dage. careful, adj. (\\Qediu\)mai-han-

caravan, n. ayari ; the chief kali ; be c. ! hdtara, hutara.

of a c. jaji; head-man of a carefully, adv. 1. (heedfully, c, who walks behind it ma- prudently) da hankali.

dugu, pi. madugawa; guide 2. (attentively) sdrai, e.g.

or forerunner of a c. jdgdba look c. duba sd^^ai.

or shugaha ; the tax paid by careless, adj. (imprudent) ma-

a c. for permission to travel ras-hankali, bizki (inatten- ;

kurdin boda, /dto, /ito ; a tive to work) mai-lalachi. collection of caravans kd/ar carelessly, adv. babu hankaliy fatake. da lalachi, da lala/anchi, da carcass, n. gawa^ pi. gawa- sakafchi; to act c. through waki. absence of mind shagalchi. card, to c. cotton shlha. carelessness, n. 1. (want of cardinal-bird, the scarlet care) sakafchi.

muluji, maluji. 2. (indifference, idleness) cards, playing c. yaya*. lalachi, lala/anchi. care, n. 1. (heed) ruwa in neg. caress, n. lalaba. and interrog. clauses, e.g. caress, v. yin lalaba.

what c. of mine is it? ina cargo, n. kaya. ruwanal hankali, which also carpenter, n. mdsassaki, pL

has the sense of forethought. masassaka ; shop of a c. ma-

2. (anxiety) matamache*^ saka.

e.g. the cares of the world carpet, n. kilishi*. matamachen duniyan nan carriage, karusa*. see sorrow. carrier, n. gen, mai-daukan care for, v. (heed, regard) kaya ; spec, hired c. dan

tvaiwaya, kula or yin kUla, aldro ; head or chief c. sarikin who carries tara, tsere ; to c. for (to pay aldro ; a trader attention to and so beware his goods on his head dangu- bujuwa, mai- of) tuna, yin hankuri ; all rum/a, bojuwa,

of these verbs except the kaya ; money paid to carriers first govern an object by su/uri, su/urchi; an epithet ;; ; carrion 43 catch

applied to a carrier who keeps young hari ; cf. hai/uwa hari

putting down his load mai- still-born ; see calculate.

hari. castigate, tr. v. 1. (punish) carrion, mdsai^ mosai, mushe. fallasa, pallasa.

carry, tr. v. kai, shidi, the 2. (beat) huga, bubbuga.

latter constr. with da ; to c. castigation, n. 1. (punishment) in shiga da, shigo da (lit. to fallasa, pallasa. enter with), nothing shall be castor-oil, (plant) zurma. carried tied up into the town castrated, tauri*. of Zaria ha a shigo da komi a castration, fidiya, pidia.

hirni; c. to on (transact) yi \ casualty, see accident.

to c. off tafi da ; to c. through cat, n.muzuru, muzulu,7nazuTU (accomplish) iyas, iyas da. m., fem. kaiiwa or kyanwa,. cartridge, harsa, harsashi; c. pi. kyanwuria,kyanwai,mdgey

case kamsir, kurfi, kwanso, mussa, micsa, pi. mussoshi, kwasfar harsashi see ; bullet. mussai (S.) ; spec, tortoise- n. case, (receptacle, cover) gida, shell or spotted c. tsawarwara;. e.g. needle-c. gidan alura tabby bush c. tsara ; civet-c. spec, leathern c. for holding jibda, mdgen tantal, muzu- a book gdfaka, gufaka. run juda, muzurun tantal., case, n. 1. (state or condition) kyanwar tantal, tunkunjibda ;. zarna. African palm civet or genet 2. (event, thing) ahu, e.g. madadashi ; wild c. jimolo, a c. (i.e. bad a bad business) baudari, tunku, wazagi (S.) mugun abu. serval-c. rabji, rabi*, robe'^y cassava, rogo. inyawara. cast, tr. V. jefa, jefi, jefo ; to cataract, n. (or corneal ulcers) c. aside yas da, yadda, yashe hakiya or hekiya, tsauriya,. to c. out (throw out) je/a da, tsawuriya. je/as, jefas da, je/sa*,jefshe*; catch, tr, V. kama, ruski, chdfa,. (to expel as from the mind, chafe, sarbe ; to c. a cold, the throne, etc.) Jidda, Jita e.g. I caught cold sanyi with da, fishe, e.g. he was c. ya kama ni (lit. the cold (or driven out akajitad ) da shi caught me) ; to c, up chika, or aka fishe shi ; to c. up (to da ; catching chdfiya ; to c. reckon), yin lisafi to c. the intr. (of a fire) habaka. : ; caterpillar 44 cemetery caterpillar, hairy, n. gizdka, him to sleep ya sa shi shi gisaka, kisdka*, tsutsa, gama- kwanche or ya maida shi shi

toro ; an edible c. tsarna ; a kwanche.

light green c. wutan ganye. causeless, adj. babu sababi,

•cat-fish, gondo (S.), kulume, kakarai.

mari, kurungu; electric c.-f. caution, n. (prudent care) (Malapteruruselectricus)mm- hankali.

jiriya (K.), mijiriya (S.). cautious, n. da hankali ; to cattle, n. coll. dabha or dabbo, be c. yin hankali. pi. dabboni or dabbobi; (cows) cavalry, n. barde, pi. barade

shanu ; c. disease bingiri; c. with shields garki or gari-

humped c. jdba-jdba ; c.-shed kine ; collection of c. kangar*.

garke, gerke, garge (S.) ; a cave, n. kogo^ pi. koguna, ma-

place for feeding c. makiyaya; raya*.

a Fulani c. camp rugga. cease, intr. v. daina or dena, caught, particip. adj. (of a e.g. she did not c. ba ta daina

lire) gasashe, fern, gasashiya, ba, tr. she ceased crying ta

pi. gasasu ; to get c. in falling daina kuka ; the rain ceased sage. ruwa ya dauke. caul, Hgar haifuwa. ceaselessly, adv. kul yaushe.

cause, n. 1. (origin or ground) ceil, tr. V. ydba, ydbe.

gutsu, sabdbi, sanadi ; with- ceiled, particip. adj. yababbe,

out c. babu sabdbi. fem. yababba, pi. yababbu.

2. (reason adduced in proof ceiling, damren-guga, dauren- or explanation) dalili, sabili, guga.

hamzari, e.g. they give a c. (i.e. celebrate, tr. v. (to praise, a reason for confidence) and honour) yin yabo. an excuse su kan kawo dalili celebrated, particip. adj. yab-

da huja ; hence often applied abbe,iem. yababba, pi. yababbu. to texts from the Koran. celebrity, n. yabo. cause, tr. v. sa, ba or bada, celestial, adj. mai-sama, spec. maida, yi, rataya*, tdsdda* ; applied to God. these are construed as follows cement, (used in making roofs) I caused him to laugh na ba babarkiya, katsi. shi dariya^ he caused me to cemetery, n., see burial- fear ya ba ni tsoro, he caused place. centipede 45 change centipede, n., a harmless c. chafe, intr. v. (to feel irritated)

shanshani, soiisoni*, pi. shan ji7i haushi ; he chafed at this-

shame, aimaka (S.), daidaya) ya ji haushin wannan. see millipede, chaff, n. dusa (K.), dussa (S.)^

centre, n. tsdka, tsdkiya ; spec, kaikai, soshiya, kona ; small

c. of the inside of thatch piece of c. tsinki. roof kwando. chagrin, n. haushi.

certain, adj. 1. (assured, true) chain, n. sarka, salka, pL

e.g. c. (i.e. true) words maga- sarkuna or sarkoki ; coll.

na tabbatachiya; are you c. ? chains sasdri ; c. armour

ka tabbata ? ka tabbata or ka

shaida ; to be c. sakankanche, chair, n. kujera, kushera*.

tdbata, tdbache ; to make c. chalk, n. aljibus, alzibus ; chalk yin tabbas, wajabta. or white earth used for

2. (one, some) wani, fern. bleaching thread alii. wata, wota, pi. wadansu, chamber, n. daki, pi. dakuna;

wansu, wasu, wosu \ cf. a 2.; very small c. or closet lolokiy

to express a e. person known pi. lolokai.

but unnamed ( = so-and-so) chamberlain, n. madaki, ma-

kaza^ e.g. a c. person passed daiki. mutum kaza ya louche. chamber-pot, shdda. certainly, adv. da gaskiya, chameleon, n. hawainiya (K.), an che, hakika, Idbudda, la- hawaniya, hanwawa (S.).

buddi, tabbas, takar (K.) ; c. champion, gamzo.

is expressed also by means chance, n., see accident,

of tabbata, e.g. he is c. there opportunity,

ya tabbata rian, babu shakka. chance, impers. v., it chanced certainty, n. gaskiya. ya faru.

certificate, n. Idya*. change, v. 1. tr. and intr. certified, particip. adj. shai- sauya, sawaya, sawoya.

dadde, fem. shaidadda, pi. 2. tr. maida, maishe, mu-

shaidaddu. saya, musayi, musaye ; to c.

certify, v. hakikanta. one's mind sake shawara,

cesspit, n. saiga, ^\. salgagi. sake, saki.

Chad, pr. n." of lake, Tsada or 3. intr. mayas da, riklda, ruwan Tsada; see Benu6. jirkita, the last referring to ; change 46 charm

any c. of position whether 2. (good repute) suna ; he

material or figurative; e.g. bears a high c. sunansa na-

he changed his body ya sauya gari ne ; see fame.

or sawaya jikinsa, I changed 3. to have a certain c. is to a moslem na sauya rnu- expressed by means of the v. sulmi, the king has changed tarika, e.g. he is a quarrelsome

(the value of) the Spanish c. (he is always quarrelling) dollar sariki ya maida kurdin ya tarika fada. madafa, my master changed characteristic, n. hdli, pi.

my wages ubangijina ya sake hdlaye ; theft is a c, of the ladana, I am changing into thief sata hdlin barawo. some creature or other ina charcoal, n. 1. gawayi, pi. rikida wani abii, I changed gawaye, not used of burning

myself into a bird na rikida c. for which cf. 2.

tsuntsuwa, they changed 2. burning c. garwashi,

sides sun swaba juna. pi. garwashosJii. change, n., e.g. of money kwaro, 3. charcoal-tree, a small (alteration) jirkita. cMko ; tree kiriya, from which is changed, particip. sauyaye, made smith's c. garwashin fem. sauyaya, pi. sauyayu kiriya.

sakakke, fem. sakakkiya, pi. charge, v. 1. (to load) chlka sakakku; rikidadde, fem. riki- or dora, e.g. they have daddiya, pi. rikidaddu. charged their guns suka dora changing, participial n. sa- kiwa, sauyi, jirkitawa, for 2. (to command) hakumche, the application of the latter hakumta.

cf. jirkita under change. 3. (to rush on, to attack) chapping, e.g. of skin fdso. fadi (bisa, bisa ga or) a bisa. chapter, n. (division of a book) charity, n., see alms. kai, sura*, pi. surori*, e.g. charm, n. 1. gen. whether

the tenth c. kai na-goma or written or of any other kind sura ta-gonia. mdgani, Idya, pi. lawaye, character, n. 1. (disposition) layu ; hatumi, katumi*, saka-

hali, e.g. such is his c. halinsa tubu*, bara, talili ; sunan Allah (lit. the name of God), shi ke or halinsa ke nan ; tabi'a, dahi'a. this is used of various charms ;; ;

charmer 47 chief

which are written on a smooth cheat, n. 1. (fraud) kura, riba,

board, the ink from which is rikichi,

washed oflf and swallowed. 2. (one who cheats) machi

2. spec, c. a to promote a kura, pi. machiya kura ; tnai-

successful ; deal tsdrdka stone chin kura ; mai-^^iba, pi. masu- c. for woman's neck kandu riba or mai-riba da kura;

or kandun ido ; c. against mai-zambachi, mai-zarnhata. injury in war layan sahani; cheat, V. chin kura, chin riba, an inverted c. placed in a rikiche, rinta, zambache, zam- field as a charm against bata, sdfa (S.), zantara. thieves kwanda, kunda, tsdji cheating, n. kui-a, hayinchi love chsivaxstsihbn, raantawa* see prec.

c. to render anyone invisible check, V. 1. (reprove) kwaba. Idyar zana; c. to ward off 2. (hinder, restrain) hdna. arrows sha hara, Idyar sahani ; cheek, n. kumchi, pi. kumatu ; injurious c. saminu or savnmo hair on the cheeks saje; a man see also tira. with fat cheeks dan kumatu. charmer, snake-, n. gardi, cheer, v. bada murna, yin pi. gardawa, turde, pi. tur- murna. daiva. cheese, n. chukumara, chuku. charms, 1. to write c. tsubbu; cheetah (or hunting leopard), one who writes c. mai-tsubbu ; rabbi, gundumau*. one utters who deadly c. chew, V. tr. tamna, tona, tauna, maita. tsuke, tuke, e.g. we are chew- 2. (female attractions) see ing kola-nut muna tamna beauty. goro. chase, n. (hunting) yarawto. chewed, particip. tamnanne, chase, v. 1. (to hunt) yin fern, tamnaana, pi. tarn- farauta. nannu. 2. (to drive away) kore. chewing, n. tamna, tsiko (K.), chaste, adj. tsari. tsuku. chattels, urula. chew-stick, (i.e. name of trees) cheap, adj. da araha, da arha ; marke, marike, tafashiya, it is c. shina da araha a c. ; chicken, n. dan tsdko, tsiyako, sale gwanjo. pi. yan tsdko. cheapness, n. araha, arha. chief, n. bagare, pi. garewa, ; child 48 circling

haha, e.g. he is their c. shi China, n. geogr. ^S'm*. ne babansu, also in sense of chip, to c, e.g. with a hammer

a c, a great man ; sariki, kwarsana. often in the sense of head or chisel, n. kurufi*,furufi*. president of any body, trade choice, zabe, zabi, 'zabantakay.

etc. ; ido (lit. eye) is used zabanchi.

in poetry thus, behold Bello, choke, tr. and intr. v. mdkure ;. chief over his kingdom duba to cause to c. sumanchey ga Bello idon malki nai sunanche.

turcari* ; see under fadawa. choking, due to swallowing child, n. 1. (son or daughter) anything, n. mdkura, kwdra*.

da, connect, dan^ fem. diya^ choose, V. zaba, zabe ; spec, to ya, pi. yaya^ yayaye and c. out one or more pieces i

connect, yan. of anything (to select) wari. \

2. (young person) yaro, pi. chosen, 1. pass. v. zabu.

yara. 2. particip. zababbe, fem. 3. a very young c, an zababba, pi. zababbu.

infant up to one year of age Christian, a, n. annasdra, also-

jariri, jarili, yarili, jinjiri ; used as coll. pi. Christians; spec. c. carried on a woman's to become a C nasaranta.

back bumbu, goyo, goiyo ; a Christianity, n. addinin an-

c. which dies soon after birth nasara.

dan wabi. church, i.e. a place of worship^ 4. with c, see pregnant, n. masallachi, pi. masallataL childhood, n. yarinta, yaran- chum, V. burka, burga^ tunk- chi (K.), yaranidka (S.), wiya nono. kurichiya, kuruchiya. churning, tuguwa*.

childishness, n. halin yaro, cicatrice, n. tambo, tabo. halin kankanta, kuruchiya or cigarette, stump of a guntun kurchiya. taba.

chill, n. funturu, especially cinders, n. garwashi, pi. ga/r- felt at night, that washoshi ; garwashin wuta, chillies, barkono. circle, n. bukdri*, kawanya

chin, n. hdba, pi. hdbobi ; double (K.).

c. maror or malolo ; the circling, of a bird over its

lower part of the c. leke (S.). prey jewa, ;

circuit 49 clean

\ circuit, to make the c. of, tr. clan, n. dangi, pi. dangogi,

V. kewaye, kewayi, yin kewaye', iri, pi. irare.

see under round. clang, the c. of metal on metal circumcise, v. yi7i kdchiya or kyang. yanke kdchiya, sdlasdd da{^.). clap, V. (to strike the hands circumcision, n. kdchiya, sala- together in applauding etc.) suiva, sha. td/a or yin taji (K.), yin tabi circumspectly, duhanaii du- (S.), ban hannu.

banan, lekanan lekanan. clapping, tafi, tabi (S.).

cistern, large, n. bingi, kurkud- clarify, by straining, tr. v. duji, kunduddufi or kudud- tachi.

duji ; a c. for collecting rain- clasp, n. kugiya. water kwiyaka, kuyaka. clasp, V. (to embrace) rungume. citizen, n. dan-gari, pi. yan- claw, n. of an animal, akaija^ gari. dagi. city, n. birni, pi. birane or claw, to yayctga; see scratch, birnuwa, used of large and clay, n. yimbu, yumbu, yambu, walled towns, while gari, pi. e.g. they are built of c. an yaruruwa, garuruka and ga- gina su da yimbu ; a lump of rigaru, is applied to less im- c. burugushe* or burbushi* portant and to country towns. a yellow c. used as a dye for civet-cat, n. jibda, juda (K.), women's faces ddla ; white c.

magen tantal ; frankincense karmatako, | karmantako (K.);

obtained from the c. htrare. I a hard c. soil kekuiva. civil-war, basasa. \ clean, adj. 1. gen. sdrai, of claim, n. alhaki, e.g. the c. of wheat chari or tsari. one defrauded. 2. (ceremonially and so also claim, tr. v. (to demand as morally c, pure) halal, halas, one's own) nema, e.g. I claim j tsari or chari. my own ina nema abin nawa; \ clean, tr. v. e.g. with water to claim a debt bim bashi ; I darwaye, dariwaye*, kwdla, cf. bi. kwarkware (S.) ; of the hair, clamour, n. (loud outcry) ku- garments etc. tsabta, cf. wanke; riiruwa, dilmi, surutu (S.). (to scrape off, c. off) gogi, goge'^ clamour, v. (to cry aloud) yin to c. from husks surfe, surfa ; kururuwa. (to render c.) yin saraij R. H. D. 4 ; ;' cleaned 50 clock

maida, sarai, gyarta; to c. cleave, tr. v. (to cut with a

the teeth kivalkwale ; to c. blow) sare. raw cotton sMha. cleave to, to, intr. v. rike, cleaned, particip. gyartache^ like, rika, kakka/e, riki, fern, gyartatta, pi. gyartattu ddfe. wankakke, fem. wankakka, pi. clerk, akawu.

wankakku; c. from husks etc., clever, adj. 1. i.e. in an art or

of rice, shanshere, surfaffe. profession gwani, goni, pi. cleaning, of cotton sMhi. gwanaye, gwannai. cleanliness, n., of the person, 2. gen. (astute or cunning)

clothes etc. tsahta, tsapta. shaitan, i.e. as c. as Satan, cleanness, n. karari ; esp. in cleverly, adv. (cunningly) da a religious or moral sense fear- wayo.

ki, tsalki ; cf. seq. cleverness, n. 1. (in an art cleanse, tr. v. (of the heart) etc.) gwaninta.

tsarkaka or charkaka. 2. gen. azanchij hudi, hiki- clear, adj. 1. (of liquids, the ma, fahimta. sky etc.) da tachi, tangarai, click, made with tongue or

tangaran ; the sun looks like teeth, a sign of vexation clearing gari yaishirinsarari, kwafa, kyache (S.). 2. (manifest, plain) zahiri, climb, V. hawa or hau, e.g. he sdrai, kwarai. climbed the hill ya hawa 3. (pure, irreproachable) dutsi or ya hawa hisa dutsi.

tsari or chari. c\itoiC\^,Jilaniya, tsele. clear, tr. v., to c. ground before cloak, n. alkyabha, pi. alkyahbu^ ploughing, sdsabe. riga*. clear, to make, tr. v. (to ex- cloak, tr. v. 1. (to put on a c.) plain) waye, e.g. this matter sa alkyabba.

is difficult, I wish you to 2. (to conceal) ru/e, riiji or

make it c. to me abin nan da ri/e.

wuya ina so ka waye mini. clock, n. sa'a, lotu*, loto*. clearing, c. ground for sowing Hausas who are acquainted

za/a (S.). with clocks express ' o'clock clearly, adv. (manifestly, ob- thus, three o'clock sa'a uku viously) sdrai, kwarai. half past eight o'clock sa'a clearness, tachi. takwas da shashi; karife is ; ;

clogs 51 cloth

also used in describing the with white stripes gwanda ; time, as the hours I are often a white c. with red stripes marked by beating iron, thus, yorori (K.) ; a black I and red what time is it now ? karife c. kudi; a c. with alternate nawa ne yanzu ; it is two strips of two colours luru ; a o'clock ya yi karife biyu. variegated c. zaura, zawara or clogs, wooden dan garafai (S.). idon zaura; variegated c. used close, V. 1. tr. sdda; to c. a for turbans barmushi ; a kind door, box etc. rufe, rufi or of velvet c. yapki, karamiski, rife^ like ; to c. the fist tan- kadamiski; a red c. shali kwashe; to c. a hole done, a white native c. aljinti, dimi* danne, ^ ddne ; the door is zauwati ; a c. that has no seam closed (also in fig. sense) an in it liwdsa ; woollen c. mu- rufe kofa. lufi or maluji; a brocade c. 2. to c. with, used of a worked with gold inside bargain or agreement yarda. dibajo; (a piece of c. used CSlose by, adv. kusa, daura da, in various senses and spec. = duhbara da, dahda, da/da, Engl, 'a cloth') a loin c. dabrada. bante, banche, pi. bantuna blosed, particip. (fastened up) a shoulder c. leki ; a small girkakke, fern, girkakkiya, pi. piece of c, a c. kalkafi a -, girkakkw, cf. phr. the road woman's c. zdne, pi. zannuwa is c. ha7iya ta mutu. or zanna, gyauto (K.); c. ploset, bayan gida, makewaye gusset ; in a tobe shiga; a strip (small room) loloki, pi. lolo- of c. zugii ; a piece of c. made kai. of about twenty strips wawa ; ^Oth, n., spec, names of stuffs a roll of c. turumi ; long strip are : blue c. shudi ; blue, of c. ausagi ; a single thick- shiny c. turkudi, ^l.turkudda; ness of c. palle; a double c. formed \ of blue and white thickness of c. ribe, ribi, rubi;

; strips keke; native blue or a narrow strip of c. fari ; a black c. with silk inwoven blue pepper and salt pattern ridi; black striped c. ; from c. zabako, saki, swaki] a narrow Ilorin bunu; a black and silken line in c. barage ; a white women's c. zalwani ; a breadth of c. between two coarse white c. gwado ; a c. seams chiki ; a professional 4—2 - ;;

cocoa-nut cloth-measure 52

mu- rose in clouds kura ta tur- c. hammerer muhugu, also nike. hugi, mabugi; see cloudy, adj. expr. by da with barbaro, hamakuku, mai-san- prec, e.g. da lumshi. da-orchi-goriba. particip. rababbe, fem. cloth-measure, n. cubit kdmu; cloven, rababba, pi. rababbu. 8 kdmu = l zmie, the last cloves, n. coll. kanumfari, about 15 ft.; a short length kanun/ari, hanchin kade of cloth kyalle. and <^-^- clothe, tr. V. sitira, sutura • , 1 club, n. gwami, guduma, pi. sitirta, iu/ata, tufasad da; throwing upon), gudumai; a c. for sa (lit. to put on or clothes kere. e.g. to put on one's charcoal, the brokers coal, n., see sa riguna ; e.g. who have made unjust profits coat, n. 1. riga. cloth gar- 2. c. of mail made of shall be clothed with and padded with cotton, wool, ments of fire dillalaifa masu- su etc. lifidi; a white cloth c. riba da kura a sa ma gwado. riguna wuta. coaxing, lalldshi, rarrashi. clothes, n. {i.e. clothing) iu- as cobra, (Naia nigricolis) he- fuwa; coll. tufa as well spec, machi, kumurchi, kwamachi, its pi. tufafi; riguna; kwamarchii aarikin machizai. beautiful c. sutura, sitira, cobweb, zaren gizo, tautauchi^ haiba*, abin rufa; fine, ex- old c. yana. pensive c. kambi* ; cock, n. 1. (male of poultry) keso, tsumma, ragga (S.). beauti- zakdra, pi. zakdru ; mai-chara^ clothing, n., e.g. fine c, mai-chara. prec. ful c. ; cf. express precisely the pi. habaka 2. to cloud, n. habaki*, ; male of birds miji or namiji special names are: moving be used girigiji (hen mache) must c. gilgije, girgije, where the gender is not small white, still clouds lum- a denoted by different words. shi; a c. that produces cockroach, n. kyankyaso, ka- shower zirnaniya, jitau gashi- fata. clouds coll. gajimare, palm, kivakwa\ rise in clouds like cocoa-nut mare* ; to attagara. smoke turnike; the dust ;

coerce 53 combing

coerce, tr. v. 1. (restrain) collar, n., spec, a padded cloth hdna. collar used in war to protect 2. see to force, the back of the neck dagumi

coffee, n. gahawa, gahiva. to seize a person by the c. cogitate, v. tima, the obj. of dagurtie. thought is constr. with da or collar, to make a kalmdsa, ga. kahnisa (S.), kalmashe. cogitation, n. tunane. collar-bone, alan gaba, alan cohabit with, v. gamu da kafadaj.

mache. collect, V. 1. tr. tdra, tarshe, CoiJGfure, a helmet-shaped c. jibche, jihta ; spec, to c. a worn by women kitso. debt hiyo hashi, dauki bashi.

coil, intr. v. ndde ; intr. and 2. intr. taru, an tara. refl. to c. up nddu. collected, particip. tararre,

cold, n. 1. ddH^ sanyi, sansan- fem. tararra, pi. tararru. ya I feel ; the c. or I feel c. collection, n. (of men and

ina jin ddri. things) taro or taru, pi. ta- 2. (catarrh) ddri, nidjina, rori ; tsibi ; chushe.

macassara*y mura, sanyi, e.g. collector of taxes, n. jakdda*,

I have caught c. or a c. ddri jekdda*. (or sanyi) ya kama ni ; a man colloquy, n. zanche.

with a c. in the head mai- colour, n. la^mi, pi. launoni,

shako (S.). launoka, rini or rina, jin si

3. c. spec. felt at night (S.) ; blue c. shuni or ju7ii*. funturu. coloured, particip. turarre*,

4. the c. ^QBiBon funturu. fem. turan^a*, pi. turarru*. cold, adj. ddri, da ddri, da colt, n. dan dukushi or dan sanyi; it is c. ya yi ddri; dukuslii. e.g. c. water ruwan ddri, comb, n. masarchi, mashachi, ruwan sanyi, sanyin ruwa, matsefa, matseji, masoshi, shata.

they are c. suna da ddri ; to comb, c. of a cock tsoro. be stiff with c. sandare. comb, tr. V. gyarta, tsefe, tsatsefe, colic, tsamki. shata or shache, tsefi, e.g. I collapse, V. to afka, auka, abka. am combing the hair of my collapse, I collapsed na fadi head ina shata gashin kaina. reran, or na fadi warwar. combing, tslfa. ;

come 54 common

Com.e, intr. v. zo ; (used with comfortable, to feel, intr. v. forms ending in pronominal jin dadi, jin dadin zuchiya ;

no) zuwa, zaka ; tafo or taho*, he felt c. rai ya kwanta.

e.g. c. to me zo or ta/o ma comforted, to be, (feel con- ni, but when used to invite soled) jiyi sanyi, I am c.

attention or cooperation 2/«^«, zuchiyata tana jin dadi.

fern, yaki, e.g. c. ! let us sit COm.ing, participial n. zuwa,

down and converse together zowwa, zakuwa; c. back ko-

yaka mu zamna rau yi zanche mowa ; c. here tafowa ; they

tare ; we came to a city mu- are c. here S2i7ia tafowa. ka zaka ga wani birni. Some command, n. (order) hakumchi^

idiomatic combinations of c. hukumchi, abin hakumta, abin

with preps, etc. are : to c. liakurachi, kaliye, UTnarni.

about or to c. to pass /aru command, v. hdkumta, hd-

to c. at isa, ishe, iske ; to c. kumche, yin umarni, umar- back dawo, dawayo^ komo, che.

birkito; to c. by or acquire, commander, n. (leader, chief)

obtain samo ; to c. down baba, e.g. tell me the name

shida, shide, sabka ; to c. in of their c. ka fadi ma 7ii

shigo \ to c. out fUo and sunau babansu. (with pronominal forms end- commandment, n., see com-

ing in n«) firjitowa ; to c. mand.

out from fUo ; to c. quickly commence, v., see begin.

sheko ; to c. to gabdto ; c. commend, see approve of

here to me gabdtoni ; to c. commission, 1. a c. to pur-

towards iso, jirgo ; to c. up chase saftu, sabtu, sautu, sako,

ta^o ; to c. up with tarda, dolashi.

taras da. 2. broker's c, see broker- comfort, n. 1. (satisfaction) age.

dadi, dadin ziichiya. 3. (order) izni.

2. (consolation) hankuri, commit, v. 1. (to do, to per- hakuri, ha7ikura or Jiakura, petrate) yi, he committed sanyi or sanyin zuchiya. theft ya yi sata; one who comfort, tr. V. bc(da hankuri, commits adultery mai-yin sanyaya^, e.g. he comforted zina.

them ya bada ma su hankuri. common, adj. 1. (shared in ;

companion 55 completed

•y all) duka. their him ida7i ya ki a sa shi tilas; common good fortune arziki see compulsion, force, iia su duka. compensate, to ramka.

2. (defiled) haram. compensation, ramko, rdmu-

companion, n. kama pi. kft- tea.

iiiannu, ahoki, dan-uwa* \ a c. competition, takara.

of the same age tsara ; a play complain, v. kururuta, kai

c. taubashi, ahokin wasa. kdra. companionship, n. tsaranclie, complainant, mai-kawonkdra,

guji (S.), abuta. makari.

company, n. taro or taru^ pi. complaint, n. 1. (loud ex-

tarori, jama'a ; in c. (together) pression of grief, pain, etc.)

tare ; in c. with tare da. kururuiva.

compare, v. misalto. 2. (sickness) chiwo, chiwuta kwatanta. or chuta.

2. to c. by measuring 3. (a grievance, a cause of

ytcalgwada or (jwargwada^ c.) kdra ; and so ,

' givargwado. 4. (accusation, a legal term) compass, iron, n. bukari*. kdra, sara*, abin sara.

compass (mariner's), for points complaisance, bajinta ; to of see husuruiva. bajinta. j comply with yin compassion, n. tausai or complement, n. chlko, abhi chi-

, tausayi, jdje, jaijaito*,jinkai, kafca, yayalwachi*, kishiya*.

sauna to feel c. (or adj. 1. i ; jin gin) complete, chikakke, fem. tausayi. chikakka, plur. chikakku, compassionate, the, (of God) fdfafdta. errahimi*. 2. (of number) ba gaira,

compel, V. gin tilas, sa tilas, e.g. a c. hundred dari ba

tilasa, tilas da, dolata, tan- gaira, lit. a hundred without

ktvasa, yin e.g. you c. deduction. i wofi, me kana yin tilas or kana sa complete, tr. v. gdma, hdda*,

tilas, I ni was compelled to Ida, kdrasa ; (to bring to an I

' work an sa ni tilas aiki, I end) kare. compelled the fellow na tilasa complete, to be, intr. chika

I cf. I mutum, was compelled an seq.

tilas da ni, if he refuses c. completed, to be, chika, kare] ;

concubine completely 56

fem. rufaffa, pi rufaffu]\ often used at end of composi- pi. the boyayye, fem. boyayya, tions, stories, etc., e.g. boyayyu. song is c. waka ta chika. concealment, n. boya, boye- completely, atattare, kap. in goodj note wa; c. of defects completion, n. cMkatva ; tadilisi place offered for sale ; placed at end of com- of c. boyewa of c. maboya, wurin ; position iyaka. see ambush, compose, tr. v. 1. (of an to) concede, tr. v. 1. (to agree author) tvaUafa, yi. a yarda. 2. (to settle or decide bar. 2. (to yield up) bari, dispute) soda, raba. conceit, fddi7i kai, hini (S.), comprehend, v. (to under- homa{K.), tashinkai,fariya; stand) yin fahimta, ji. matsi, see pride, compress, tr. v-. matse, conceive, tr. v. 1. (of thought) mache, dankara*. tammaha, tamaha. compressed, to be, intr. and 2. (of the female sex) haifrh pass, matsu. samu chiki. compulsion, abin tilas ; under n., see affair and it was a concern, c. tilas, da tilas ) business, case of c. tvofi ya shiga. concerned about, be, v. kula compute, v., see calculate, constr. with direct ace. or comrade, n. kama*, pi. karuwa used with da or ga* ; mannu*, aboki, pi. abokai, with subst. v., e.g. you are abokin wasa. not concerned babu ruwan- conceal, tr. v. rufe, rufi or ka. rife*; boye, boy% intens. concerning, prep, bisa ga, bobboye, jiche (S.), k^fa (K.), saba da, prons. gave ; da, e.g. a crime with sulla ; kawaichi, boya or sabad da, sabaddo or sabo da,*, to c. oneself, to hide garni da, game da. boye, also with kai, e.g. he conciliation, sdduwa. concealed himself under the concoct, to c. a story damre leaves ya boye kansa ddga c. magana. kalkashin sansami ; to see concord, n. saduwa ; oneself (of lying in wait) agree, fake. concubine, n. saddka, pi. concealed, particip. rufaffe, . ;

condemn 57 confusedly

saddku^ ivahaya (a neglected confession, n. furuchi, furchi,

wife or c), bora* ; kwarkwa- huruchi. ra, kwarakwara, makubliya, confidence, n. (reliance, trust) mutumniya* anidna, aminchi, aminchewa,

I condemn, tr. v. kdda^ hdda dangana, saduda, shaduda* ;

laifi, laifa*, kusanchi. to have c. in dangana, dogare,

condemnation, n. kayaswa, sadujda, e.g. I have c. in... kyazwa, kaye^ alhaki, lalata, ina dangana da...', we have

the last quite general = per- c. in thee mu dogare ka

dition. to betray c. chinye amana,

condition, n. (state) zama, za- chin amana ; to justify c. (to nianchi. be trustworthy) yin aminchi. condition, to come into a, or confine, n. (boundary) iyaka.

state zama, zam (S.). confined, adj. (narrow) cf.

condolence, (on any mis- kumchi ; to be, v. (of women) fortune other than deiath) haifu.

jaijaito ; c. in bereavement confirm, to tabbache. taaziya*. conflagration, n. gobdra, tur-

n. (habit) tsahi'a, nuka, e.g. prov. gida biyu , conduct,

dahi'a ; letter of safe-c. maganin gobdra two houses

watikal (or wasikal) lamuni. are a provision against a c. conduct, tr. V. (to lead, bring) conflict, n. fada, fam,a, yaki.

, kai. conflict, intr. v. kdra, yin

cone, the form of a c. zallo kdro, e.g. this conflicts with ; c. -shaped da zallo. that wannan ya yi kdro da coney, (Klip-Das), see cony. wanchan. confectionery, n. allewa, ale- confluence, n. of rivers, mawa. gangami, magdma. confer, v. 1. (to consult to- confounded, to be, v. damu. gether) yin shatvara. confuse, tr. v. (to confound 2. (give, bestow) ha, hada. or perplex) ddme, ddma, riki- conference, kuchi, pi. kiiche- ta, shirbata.

kuche ; see talking. confused, to be, v. damn, sha

confess, v. yin furuchi, yin kai; he was c. ya sha kansa. furchi, yin huruchi, banya, confusedly, adv. damai, mar-

dauki laifi. bika*. confusion 58 consul

confusion, n. damasa, mar- domin wannan, don haka,

bika*, damuwa, kirmiche (S.), sabad da wannan.

rigima, shirbache, purmutsi 2. (importance), e.g. it is

(K). of no c. babu komi.

congeal, intr. v. chibarii, e.g. consider, v. 1. gen. tsokachi my blood is congealed with and yin tsokachi, tuna and the cold jinina ya chibaru titnane with da.

sabad da dar% sandare. 2. (of a council, delibera- congratulate, tr. v. barkata, tion) yin shdwara. gaishe, gaida. consideration, n. (delibera- congratulation, barka. tion) shdwara. congregate, intr. v. faru. consolation, n. hankuri, ha- congregation, n. jama'a. kurchi, hankura, hakura,

conjecture, to kintata ; see hakuri, sanyin zuchiya.

tr. v. suppose. console, bada hankuri ; conjoin, tr. v. gama. to be consoled jin sanyi. conjuring, rikirkida. consort, n. 1., see companion, connections, n. coll. dangi^ comrade.

danga or dagi, pi. dangogi, 2. (of married people) kabila. namiji, miji, fern. mata.

conquer, tr. v. 1. (to acquire conspiracy, to form a, v. by war) chi. gania*.

2. (to overcome) i, i ma, conspire, intr. v. yin baki yin \^asara, yin nasarchi, kdda, kdshe. constancy, 7idchi, nachiya. consciousness, n. tunane (a constant, adj. da ndchi. particip. form), pi. tunannu, constantly, adv. ko yaushe,

is used substantively for kullum*, kul yaushe*, tutul, thought or consciousness. tutur. consent, n. yarji. constellation, see star, consent, v. yarda^ bada yarji, constrain, tr. v. tilasda (S.), izni, karba, so, e.g. do you tilasa (K.); see compel,

c. ? I do kana so ? ina force,

so. construct, tr. v. 1. gen. yi.

consequence, n. 1. (effect), 2. spec, of roads gina.

e.g. in c. of this don wannan, consul, n. gunsul*. ;

consult 59 contrivance

consult, V. 1. intr. (to deliberate) contents, (that which is con-

I/ill tihaicara, tained) ahin chiki. 2. tr. V. yin shawara constr. contest, n., see contention. with ma, ga^ da, e.g. I am continually, adv., see con- going to c. you za ni yin (or stantly.

i7i yi) shawara da kai, sha- continuance, n. tabbata, tabba- warta^ shatvarche. tawa, dawama, duma, dinga, consultation, n. shavMva, ndchij na^hiya, zaina, zaraan- roshi*. chi ; long c. tsawa, tsawanta. consume, tr. v. 1. (used of continue, intr. v. dawama, fire) lasa^ lashe^ kona*^ kone*. duma, dada, dadi, tabbata, 2. (generally) c/w, chi da, tabbache, dunga, kdra* ; to c. chanye^ chinye. to exist kashi*, ka^she*, ka- tr. v., contain, see hold, sanchi; phr. we e. giving contaminate, tr. v. yin ka- thanks muna ddda godiya zamta. I c. travelling until evening contemn, kyale, see despise, ina yini tajiya ; they con- contemplate, tr. v., see continued thus sicka kdma haka, sider, he continued crying ya kdra contemplation, mddai. kuka.

contempt, n. reni ; an ex- | continuing, tnai-dawama, 7nai- pression of c. wus, wush ; I tabbatatva.

tsaki ; see despise, contract, n. wahabi.

contemptuous, adj., see tr. v. ; contract, 1. (a disease) proud. I tarda. contend, tr. v., see fight, 2. to c. the idbcedamrefuska. strive, 3. intr. v. (to shrivel up) content, adj. kosctshe, pi. ko- yin yaushi, yin yoshi.

sassu ; to be c. koshi. 4. (to make an agreement) content, tr. v. kosada, kosasda. see agree. contention, n. (disputing) ha- contradiction, gardama.

yaniya, haniya, haya-haya, contribution, n. (e.g. of food)

^nuhawara*, inusuwa ; see tarbache. Strife, contrivance, n. dabdra, du- contentment, kwanchiyar bdra, dibdra, chimi*, wayoy hankali. waya, abin vmyo. copy contrive 60

with hot stones sulala; a contrive, v. wayo^ ivayau. gdshi. fire for cooking ivutar control, tr. v., see restrain, n. inai-ddji, mai-ddfuwa, convalescence, n. rangwame. cook, sarikin wuta. convalescent, be, intr. v. ji7i cooked, be nina (S.), nuna or yin rangwame^ yin dama, c. (K.); c. part, ddfdfe; wartsaka. without water soyayye, fem. convenient, adj. sawaha^, well soyayya, pi. soyayu ; daidai ; see fit, suitable, ninanne, pi. ninannu, conversation, n. bdtu, zanche, c. nunanne, pi. nunannu^ tap- pi. zantatuka, zanzanche, fira, ta/shi, tabshi* ; c. food hira*, tadi, kurga (S.), roka shi, dd/au. (Z.), tankawa, zantawa ; hum c. cooking, gdshi, dafuwa ; of c. dumi*. maddfa, wurin ddfa, converse, intr. v. tanka, tamka, place dafuwa; c place on hdta, yin bdtu, yin zanche, wurin pot is set murufu; yin magana, yin tadi. which a algidiri, alkidiri; conversing, part, tankawa^ a c. pan with holes pierced zantawa. a c. pot the bottom madam- converted, be, intr. v. sauya, at bachi, madamfachi. e.g. he was c. from heathenism sanya, shanya, da to Islam ya sauya da arna cool, adj. c.-headedness sanyin musuliYii. sanyi; hall. convey, tr. v., see carry, V. sanya, shanya; convict, n. dan sadaka. cool, tr. intr. V. fuche, huche. convince, tr. v. (satisfy by part, sanyayye. evidence) hakikanta. cooled, akurki, pi. akurikai, convolvulus, a species of coop, n. kurki, akurikin kaza. awarwaro, fdrin gamu, kafi- copaiba, tree maje, kadaura. boka, yaryadi, yambururii, stones, kalankuwa. duman kada, yako. coping copper, n. jan karife (lit. red convulsions, n. mijiriya, iron), gachi girdle made of minjiriya, misiriya. ; tagula*, tugula*. cony, agivdda, rema*. c. coppersmith, the c bird ma- cook, tr. V. ddfa, ddfe; c. kwabkwafi. without water tuya, soya; tr. v., see imitate. cooking ddfuwa; to c. meat copy, ; ;

copy 61 cotton

c. drawing etc. corpulence, kauri^ kabri, kosa. I copy, to a sifata, sifanta. corpulent, da kauri, ginshimi, tunturum', to be c. kabrara; \ coral tree, majiriya. cord, n. siliya, pi. siliyu or see fat. I tr. v. (punish) /oro, siliyoyi ; igiyct, pi. 'i'ffoyi or correct, horo*, wahalshe. igiyoyi, yagiya (S.) ; a c. to

' tie trousers round the waist correct, adj. daidai, dede, na- kiibaka. kwarai, fem. ta-kwarai, sdrai,

it is c. coriander seed, ridi, lidi ; oil sosai, ainin ; ya yi

made from c. s. main ridi daidai.

a plant resembling c. yaudo, correctly, adv. daidai, sosai,

yodo (S.). kwarai, sdrai ; to count c. cormorant, madundicmi*, kilga sdrai.

kazar ruwa. cost, n. ('price) kiirdi ; what

corn, n. hatsi, (wheat) cdkama does it c. 1 kurdinsa nawa ?

guinea-c. its c. kurdinsa, an tayansa, a grain of c. kivaya ; dawa, q.y. tsaba{^.); Egyptian tamaninsa.

c. masara (see maize) ; a tuft costly, adj. da tsada ; to be c.

of c. geza, pi. gezuna ; an ear yi7i tsada.

of c. kuhe ; a pit for storing c. cotton, n. kada ; c. before it has

tsunjiya; to rub or grind c. tu- been spun abduga, auduga;

she, nika, daka ; reaped c. laid spun c. abawa; white c. for silili silale in rows sankache, sangache ; a sewing (K.), (S.) ;

bunch of c. ku7'dsa (S.) ; c. small piece of twisted c. shu-

stalks karandafi (S. ) ; a woman siya; seeds of c. plant an-

who sells c. almuda (S.), guriya ; silk c. tree rimi

(S.). c. silk c. tree kaderi maauniya, alkwararo from ; corn-stalk, tip of suUai, siliya. a bow string used in cleaning

corner, n. kusuruwa, pi. kusur- c. labe (S.); a pin used in

woyi, sukuruwa, sukuriva ; pressing c. (so called from

c. of a fence dungu, htngu. a resemblance to the bida

corporal, mai-igiya biu, lit. the snake) dan bida ; a c. farm

owner of two stripes. garge (S.) ; to press c, seeds

corpse, n. gdwa, pi. gawawaki, out of the pods or to roll c.

mushe, matache, fem, mata- gurje, gurza ; intertwined c.

chiya, pi. niatattu, mamachi. staples hddan zare ; to clean cotton-wool 62 covering

raw c. shiha; to clean or kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri

prepare c. by drawing it out (S.). (on the masahi) sdbi, yin courageous, adj., see brave.

sutu ; a white c. brocade course, n., the c. of the world

samasadowa ; for various sp. taki-takin duniya.

of cotton see bakatuka, yat- court, n., c. of a king fdda, sauri, yatabshi. wurin shawara, /age, kindi- cotton-wool, sabi, ta/a*. gaye ; c. yard dandali ; c. of couch, n., of a king or judge, justice fagachi, fakache* ; to kardga. appear in c. hdlara or liallara. cough, n. tar% twari, toari. courtiers, n. fadawa. cough, intr. v. yin tari. courting, n. bazaware*^ shiri- council, Yi.fdda, roshi*, magan- ya*.

tawa, magantirwa ; to hold cover, n., c. of a book bango, pi.

a c. yin fadanchi. bangaye, banguna, tadarishi;

pi. dish c. made of grass fai/ai, councillor, bafdde^ fadawa ;

mafada, pi. mafadawa-, ma- pi. jiyafai ov fayafayai ; see faje (K.). covering. counsel, n. dabara, dubara, cover, tr. V. rufe, rnfa, rufi, dibdra, wayo. rife, ydne, yin sutura, su- counsel, tr. v., see advise. turtay turbude ; to c. up a count, tr. V. yin kidaya, kilga, hole done; to c. (i.e. to concQBX) jiche (S.), (K.) kirga, yin lisaji. kifa ; count, n. kidaya, lisaji. to be covered rufu, rurrufu; countenance, n. fuska, pi. to c. (used of horses, bulls, fuskoki or fuskuna. etc.) yin baye, hawa. counterfeiting, (coin) tsira- covered, part, rufaffe^ fem. riya. rufaffa, pi. rufaffu. country, n, kdsa, pi. kdsashe, covering, n., e.g. a blanket kdsaisai, gari, pi. garuruwa, bargo, mayafi, sutura, sitira, maruji, pi. garigari or garigaru ; un- maydfi, marufai]

inhabited c. jeji. rufa, rurrufe ; the c. of a door coupling, of animals or birds kyaure ; c. of skins tunku ; c.

barbara ; of horses, camels for a horse mashimfidi, pi.

etc. baye. TYiashimfida ; temporary c. for courage, n. mazakuta, maza- the night sayi, pi. sayoyi. ;

covet 63 crawcraw

covet, tr. V. shahawa, yin guri, a small c. s. ago; gambling yin kdri; the coveted horse games played with c. s. ddra, dokin kdri. chacha, modi ; a faked c. s. coveting, n. hadama. used by gamblers, made by covetous, adj. da rowa, mai- joining two shells together rowa, makwadaifa, mai-kawa- so that the lips or back are zuchi, marowachi, da mdda. always exposed godogo ; a covetousness, n. rowwa^ rowa, girdle made of c. s. kiribi ; a

katvaziichi, tsumulmula (K.), c. s. with a hole in it kuru- zowari, zwari, zari, makzva- Tinan wuri ; a blocked-up c. s. daichi, madda. with hole at back filled up COW,n. sdniya, pi. shanu; bush- likakken wuri ; to throw c. s. cow or dwarf-buffalo bauna, in the game of chacha, sdba,

pi. hakane ; a black and sdbi*.

white c. nordi ; an old c. the crab, n. kdguwa (K.), kwdgutva mother of the herd sayi (S.) (S.), pi. kagunai, kwagunnai.

an old lean c. guzuma ; c- crack, intr. v. tsagu ; to c. or shed turken shanu ; a c. tied open (used of a wall) dare. up by the feet dunguli ; cow- cracking, of the skin under hide kilago, kilabo, pi. kilagai. the toes, kudumbiya, kura- coward, n. matsorata, matsora- budeya.

chi, lala/a*, mairaki. crackling, of fire babaka*. cowardice, n. matsorachi. craft, n. wayo. cow-bird, or ox-pecker, charki. crafty, adj. da wayo^ mai-ivayo, cowhide, n., see cow. mai-sane. shaitan* ; to be c. cow-itch (Mucuna pruriensis), hilata. karara. crakle, see starling. shell, cowry n. ijiya, wuri, cram, tr. v. (stuff) dora, dura. pi. kurdi, kudi, kawara or cramp, n. mijiriya, mijirya, alkatvara, yaya ; a large c. s. minjiriya, misiriya.

gandi, sarmadawa ; a bag cramped, to become, e.g. with containing 20,000 shells kesu, cold sdge^ 9CLge, kage. kwaroro, kwororo ; a lar^e crane, crested c. or crown- skin bag for cowries jika bird, ; n. goraka, gauraka, a grass bag for holding garmaka (S.), gamraka. cowries ktvasahro, kwasauro ; crawcraw, n., see crowcrow. ; crawl 64 crow crawl, intr. v. rarrafe^ ruhda crocodile, n. kdda, kddo, pi. (or rn/da) chiki. kddodi, kdduna or kadun- crawling, n. janjiki, rarra/o. duna. crazy, tababhe, see lunatic, crocodile-bird, (black-headed crease, to tdkura, takure. plover) ladinkogi,jakin gulbi. create, tr. v. halitta, talittci*, crooked, be fandare^, lan-

halichi. kwashe ; of a tree to grow c. creation, halitta. kantare. creator, n. mahalichi. crooked, a karkache. creature, n. halitta, dabba, crookedness, karkdta.

dabbo, pi. dabbuna, dabbobi crop of a bird, n. maroro, creatures talikai*. malolo, kururu, baroro. credit, n. bashi, pi. basusuka; cross, (or crossing) n. gilme*,

one who wants to buy on c. pi. gilmomi* or gilnomi* ; a

mai-bashi ; cf . idiom it is c. gilmen itache* ; c. beam

to a man's c. ya chika mutum. on top of doorway dzara. creditor, n. mai-bada bashi, cross, tr. V. gilma, ketare, etare, mabachi. swaba, sdba, yin ketara; capa- creed, n. imanchi. ble of being crossed ketaruwa; creep, intr. v. rarrafe, sandu, it cannot be crossed ba shi

sanduwa, kurda* ; to c. ketaruwa ; to make to c. (i.e. like a cat stealthily ba^/a- to ferry over) ketare da (S.), baya*. ketara^ da (K.), ketarshe (be-

cress, water c. lafuwa ; common fore a pron.); to c. intr.

or garden c. labsur. ketaras.

crest, of a bird tukku, tukkuwa, crossing, n. ketara, pi. ketare- tsoro, zanko, tuntu. ketare.

cricket, n., large burrowing c. crossing, part, ketarewa.

yyare ; a small species of c, cross-legged, to sit, intr. v. tsanya. tamatela, tamataila, gijirta,

crier, n. (one who cries aloud ginchira (S.). or proclaims) babbam bade, cross-ways, n. mararraban pi. bamhadawa, dan ^na'abba; hanya.

(one who calls to prayer) crouch, to lobe (S.), robe (K.), mai-kiran salla, ladan. raba, rabke, rafake, tdkura*. crime, n. zamba, janaya. crow intr. v. yin chdra, yin ; ;

crow 65 cure

kakaruko, yin kukaruku yin kururuwa, yin tsawa, cock-crow charan zakara. rubsa (ru/sa, ra/sa or rapsa), crow, n. species of, shimkake ; kuka; raise a c. dora kira;

white-backed c. hankaka, pi. c. for joy guda ; c. wares for hankaki or hankaku. sale talla, pi. tallata; there crowbar, ddgi. was a c. of tire ana ta rigimar crowcrow, n (disease) kaikai, gobara. kazuwa ; a herb supposed to cubit, n. kdmu, sabi, ziraH*. cure c. kaskawani. cuckoo, lark-heel c. or crow crowd, n. (of people) gayya, pheasant ragon maza. taru, masu-tariya, runduna, cucumber, African c. kur- jmrmitsi, kirmitsi (S.). zunu. crowding together, purmutsi. cucurbita, n., see gourd,

crowing, n. chdra, kakaruko, cud, chewing the c. tuka.

I kakarako, kukaruku, kiki- cultivate, tr. v. noma, nomi,

^ rikyi. 7iome ; cultivated land round crown, to ndde*. a town or village karkara, cruel, adj. muni, maketachi. karikara. cruelly, adv. da muni. cultivator, n. manomi, pi. cruelty, n. keta, muni, zafin m,anom,a. rai. cummerbund, mulufi, malufi. crumb, n. burugushe, hurhushi, cunning, n., see craft, bulbudi, barbadi, gutsura, pi. cup, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gora, gutsure, diddiga, marmashi. pi. gorina, kwariya, koko crupper, (of a saddle) jabaya, a large c. shintali, sin- jakuturi. tali or shantali, pi. shin- crush, tr. v. matse, matsa, latse, talai. laze, murjeki, murtsuki, murt- cup, to 2/m ma wani kafo. sekyi, kumtata*, kuntata*. cupboard, n. loloki*, pi. lolo- crust, a dried c. kamzo, kanzo. kai*. cry, n. kuka, pi. koke-koke; cupping, n. yin kafo, jiniya. kuwa, muriya, pi. muriyoyi, curb, n. mudu. kira, tsawa, tsuwa, sowa; loud curdle, to daskdra; to cause c. u/u, ihu, tsuwa tsuwa, ku- to c. daskdre. ruruwa, rakadi, rakwato (Z.). curds, n., of milk guntsari. cry, intr. v. (cry out) yin kuka, cure, tr. v. warkadda ; to be R. H. D. 5 . cured 66 damsel

cured warke; the fool is strips rede; c. round sha7i- incurable mahaukachi ha shi kumbu ; c. down kade ; c. cloth shifta, shifche c. with warkewa. ; a shema c. down the cured, part, warkakke^ fern. hoe ; girhi warkakkiya, pi. warkakku. harvest, ; one who cuts curl, intr. V. (used of a snake) off the hands of tliieves tdkura. birgiji. curls, a woman's c. dauri, taura. cut, part, yankakke, fern, yan- pi. sararre, current, (of a stream) igiyar kakka, yankakku ; ruwa. fem. sararriya, pi. sararru. curse, n. la'ana, wada^ wadda. cuticle, fiska, see skin. takobi, pi. takuba, curse, tr. V. wa mugunta, cutlass, n. la'anta, la^ane Manchi, zcbge, tama, tagonias, tamogashi, bdchi, garni may you be adda. cutting off of hands (a cui'sod ! tir, fMs, ush. cursed, part. Wane, feui. punishment for thieving), hannu, la'ana^ pi. la^anu. yankan yanyane. curtain, n. (made of fibre and cutting-up, c, on which thread let down in front of a door- cylinder, way) tsaiwa, bunu, arsabari, is wound for use in shuttle zabori, kyaure. kwarkwaro. CUSCUS, n. kuskus^, kuskus*. cymbal, a kind of kuge. cuscus-grass, jema. cushion, n. laferu^ leferu, dagger, n. cheru (S.), kanga*^ wuka*. laheru, pi. laferai ; c. placed on a donkey akumari. daily, adv. kowache rana. custodian, mai-riko. dainty, he is d. over his food custom, n. ada, al'dda, ta'ada, shina da taran (or tadan) tada (S.), pi. tadodij sabo*, abinchi. hanya*y pi. hanyoyi*, hdli, dais, tugufa*. catching fish labuni. pi. hdlaye. dam, for n. bama, taskdro (S.). cut, tr. V. yanka, yanke, save, damage, to bamata. keta, farke, yin saisaya (or damage, damp, n.daushi, damshiylaima^ sosaya) ; c. into small pieces sassabe, yanyana (K.), yan- rima (S.). damsel, n. yarinya^ huduruwai h /qfa, girtsa; c. into ;

dance 67 day

dance, n. rawa^ Ma, zariya, of dark coloured d. zabiya^

dawara ; a d. performed by pi. zabiyoyi. young men hauta^ lela; an date, n. (time of an event) inspired d, hori. yayi, zamani*, loka/^hi^, wo- dance, intr. v. yin rmva, taka kachi*. ravm, raya, vmra, yin zariya, daub, tr. V. ydba, ydbe, dam- ff^alle, hirkida. fara, shafa*, shafe*.

dancer, a danfoto. daubing, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydbe. dancers, e.g. those possessed by daughter, n. diya (S.), pi. yam- a spirit masu-bori, masu-boli. mata (for yan-mata), ya (K.). dancing, tsalle, zariya. dawdle, intr. v. yin tsaiko. dandruff, n. toto, totau, tautau. dawdling, n.fatara, tsaiko. danger, n. hatsari (K.), hadari dawn, n. wayewa, assuba, (S.), ahi7i tsoro a ; dangerous fudowa, fudawa; the first place wurin tsoro. glimmer of light before the dangle, to wo lilo. d. aljiffr, alfjir, jijiji, jijif daring^ adj., see brave, jibjib ; let us start before the dark, adj. da dufu ; phr. it is d. d. mu yi jijif. ya yi or dufu rana ta dushe. dawn, intr. v. waye ; ^ the day darkness, n. dufu, dufuwa, dawns ga^i ya waye or less dushewa ; utter d. dufu kirin. commonly Allah ya waye. darn, to yin lalaftu, see seq. day, n. (the time from sunrise

: darning, lalaftu, lalaptu,lalah- to sunset) rana, ran or ra, pi. tu, la'plaptu'^. ranuka, ranukka or ranak- dart, n. hankaltilo, hargi, margi ku, ; used as masc. or fem., a d. used for catching fish wuni ; a day's work wunin hdgu, zdgo. aiki ; (twenty-four hours) darter, (the name of a bird, kwana, pi. kwanaki or kwa- Plotus) kazarruwa, mddmi- nukka ; to-day yo, yau ; to dumi. stay at a place for a d. yini dash together, tr. v. gwabra, three days ago wanshekaran- gobure. jiya; the d. before yester- date, n. (tree and fruit) dabino ; day shekaranjiya ; yesterday desert d. aduwa ; a bunch jiya ; the following d. rana of dates zaraba^ ; dates tied - - mai zakuwa ; to morrow up in a mat lubiya ; a species gobe, kashegari (Kats.), 5-2 ;;; dazzle 68 debtor

, wanshekare (S.) ; the d. after kurumai ; d. and dumb bebe^

to-morrow jlhi ; the d. after pi. behaye. the d, after to-morrow gata deaf, be, intr. v. kuruma the d. after gata^ i.e. the deafness, n. kurumchi, karum-

fifth d. chitta; some d. or ta, bebantaka, tosuwa (S.).

other ko ha dade ; the last d. dealer, a corn d., fem. maau- ranan gohe or ranan kiyama niya. the d. on which randa (a dear, adj. (costly) tsdda da ; shortened form of rana da) to d. be tsadanta ; (beloved)

every d. kowache rana ; all masoyi, fem. masoya, pi. d. d. rana duka; the on which masoyu, lele, abin kamna* ; a child receives its name ran to be d. yin tsdda. suna. When d. is used with deamess, n. (high price) tsdda. ordinal numbers the singular dearth, n., see want, form is usually employed, death, n. mutuwa, macheway

thus : three days rana uku rasuwa, jinkiri*, mata*, (lit. last sleep) or kwana uku ; to do a thing makarin barchi ; a natural d. every d. dimanta. The days mutuwar Allah ;

of the week are : Sun. lahadi sudden d. saukin mutuwa ;

or ladi, Mon. litifii, Tues. the angel of d. (lit. he who talata, Wed. laraba or larba, separates) marabiwa. Thurs. alhamis, Fri. aljimii'a, death-watch, (insect) gunda, jumma^a^ jummu'a, aljimma, gum,da, kichichiya.

jimrna'a or jimmu^a, Sat. debt, n. bashi, pi. basusuka^

assuhat, assabat or assibit. ramche, ranche ; to pa}' a d.

dazzle, tr. v., to d. the eyes biya bashi ; to get into d.

makamche ; the lightning has chi bashi ; to recover a d.

dazzled thine eyes walkiya ta biyo bashi, bim bashi ; surety Tnakamche ka. for payment of a d. lamuni, dead, a4j. matache, fem. mata- phr. he is in my debt shina

chiya, pi. matattu, amache^ da bashina or ina bin sa mamachi, fem. lyiamachiya bashi. a d. body mushe^ gawa, pi. debtor, n. mai-chin bashi^ mai- (that which has karban bashi, mai-daukan gawawaki ;

died of itself) guba ; see die. bashi, m^abachi, mabarchi deaf, adj. kuruma, kurma, pi. (K.). ;;

decapitation 69 degrade

decapitation, kunkurus, ku- positively furuchi, furch% Tunkus, kurungus, kungurus. hurchi^ hurta. decay, to ruha^ riha. decline, v. (grow less) karkdta, decayed, rubahbe, pi. ruhabhu. rage; the day declines rana deceit, n. munafuchi (S.), ta tawaya, see decrease ; manafuchi, munafichi (K.), (refuse) ki, kiya. munafuki, barkwanchi, riki- decorous, adj., see becoming, chi, ha'inchi, wayo, Idbo*, decrease, n. rdguwa. rudi*, yaudara, algus, algusu, decrease, tr. v. rdg% rdge, algushi, rigingini, zankam tawaya, tauwi ; intr. v. ragu, (K.); (lit. two hearts) zuchiya tawaya, tawayo, tauwi, tauye, kasa^ da. deceitful, adj. marikichi, mai- decree, n. ajali*. rigingini, mai-zalumchi, mai- deed, n., see act. algus, mai-algusu, I azzalumi^ deep, adj. da zurfi, mai-zurfi marude, mai-rude, pi. maruda^ a d. place (usually with water I mai-yaudara. in it) gulbi, pi. gulabe. I deceitfully, adv. da zalumchi ; i deer, n., see antelope. to treat d. yin zalumchi ; to defect, n. Idhani, aibi, aibu

I act d. rikiche. see blemish, deceive, tr. v. ruda, rudi, rude; defence, kdriya, datsiya*. chuchi, chuche, yaudara, shor I defend, tr. v., see guard. mata, shamache, zantara, hdge. defer, tr. v./dsa. I deceived, be, v. rudu, rude. defiance, tamanya, tamayya deceived, part, rudadde, fern. (S.). rudadda, pi. rudaddu. defile, tr. V. tozarta, kasanta, deceiver, n. marude^ mai-rude^ kazamtad da; see pollute, see deceitful. defraud, tr. and intr. v. chin decide, tr. v. (of a judge) raba, kura, chin riba, sdfa (S.), yanka shari'a, yanka magana. zantara; one who defrauds deck, to sitirta, suturta. maizamba, mai-chin kura declaration, e.g. before a see cheat, judge, biyayya. defy, to harzuka ga, hasala declare, tr. v. hadichi, labarta, ga. habarta, fada; d. openly degradation, kankanchi. baydna, bayena, chashe ; d. degrade, to maida baya. desert dejected 70

gaye. dejected, see disheartened. demonstration, (dispute in which delay, n.fdshi, yauchi, dadewa, denial, n. something is denied) gar- indainda, jinkiri ; without musu, jayaiyya. d. babu fashi. dama, v. musu, hana*, ki. delay, intr. v. yin fdshi, yin deny, tr. rdsu, rabu, yauchi, wanzu, dada; to depart, intr. Y.fUa, hard. d. to deliver a message ida departure, n.fUa. labari ; he delays to come ya deposit, n. amdna, karo, la- yi nauwa or ya yi yauchin d. chin muni* ; to steal a zakuwa ; to d., tr. fdsa. those who steal a deliberate, intr. v. yin sha- amdna; masu-tabin amdna; a place wara. d. which to d. anything maaji. deliberately, adv. da gangan. in depression, a kwdri, kware (S. ). deliberation, n. shdwara, pi. deprivation, n., e.g. of goods shawarori, shawaruna, shd- of d. wurin woji. warwara ; place zurji ; he got out shdwara. depth, n. d. ruwa ya sha kansa delicacy, a abin marmari. of his ; it is out of a man's d. here delight, tr. v., see please. ya shake mutum, a nan. delirious, adj.,d. persons masu- ruwa depute, to wdkala. bori, masu-boli, yan-bori.

deputy, mdm,ayi, na'ibi ; see deliver, tr. v. (give over) bada, bashi, yarda; (save) cheto, regent. a person, n. mai- cheche, tsiras da, tsirad da, deranged, wauta, mahaukachi ; to act tsarda, chira, kwache, kwashe. d. yin raurawa. deliverance, n. cheto, tsiraro, as one v. yin boHa, ba^a^ machechiya, tsira, fansa, deride, tr. yin zunde. pansa, hansa. zunda, ba^a, zunde, zumde. delivered, be, v. haifu. derision, n. intr. v. shida or deliverer, n. machechi, pi. ma- descend, shide, shido, jlda, cheta. shida,

sapka descend ! jido. demon, n. aljan, aljani, fern. sabka, ; zuri'a. aljana, pi. aljannuov aljinnu, descendants, a solitary place) jinnu; bori, pi. boruruka, desert, n. (i.e. boruruwa. ddwa, daji, sabra*, saura*^ demonstrate, to yin tabbas. hamdda, jeji. ;; ;

desert 71 deviate

desert, (worthiness) chinchinta, despoil, tr. v. (in war) yin chanchanta. buruntu, chin ganima. deserter, n. (in war) kazum. destiny, n. ajali, jinkiri, ku- designedly, adv. da gangan. dira, kudura, kadara^ rdbo*.

desire, n. 1. (wish) so, karana^, destitute, one who is, u. gande,

marddi (S. ),murddi( K,),/ata gindau, gyande, fem. gyandu-

eager d. kwala7na(K. ), kagdra, wa, pi. gyandaye, fanko, mat-

marmari ; desires zuchiya*, siyachi, pi. matsiyata, mayun-

na/si*, kodai, kwadai ; evil wachi*, pi. mayanwata*, ko-

d. shawa, sha^awa, guri. maro, karare ; cf . rashi, maras.

2. (the thing wished for) destroy, tr. v. bdta, bdche, abinso, maradi, muradi, guri, bachi, bdtas, haldka, afka,

nufi, nufe ; he accomplished fdsa, banna, yakuta, chi*. his d. ya chika hadama. destroyed, be, v. lalache, gur-

desire, tr. v. so, nufe, nufi, bache, yakache, yamutse*

yin kagdra, yin fata ; to burn about to be d. rnai-afkawa. with d. kona, kuna*, kone, destroyed, part, bdtache, fem.

kwadaye, lamiranta ; intr. v. bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu, direct the d. maida kamna. destruction, n. afko, halaka, desist, intr. v. daina, dena, lalata, ta'adi, ta'ada, bdtachi.

bari, bar. detain, tr. v. riko, tsaida, tsai-

desolate, to d. yin she, tsayas da, tsere, hana. I make kadaita. detect, tr. v. (e.g. in a fault)

desolation, n. kango, pi. kan- y^itse, rutse.

gogi or kanguna ; afko, ka- detention, riko.

daita, risbawa, rizbawa, ruz- deter, tr. v., see prevent,

gawa (S.), rubzawa (K.). determined, one who is d. despair, to fida zuchiya. mai-daurin anniya. despicable, adj., see despised. detour, to make a d. zaga. despise, tr. v. rena, kyale, yin devastate, tr. v. yin afko, yin tsantsani, tarsa*. kadaita, waso.

despised, part, renanne, fem. developed, i.e. full-grown renanna, pi. renannu, kas- gawurtache, fem. gawurtachi-

kastache, pi, kaskastu. ya, pi. gawurtatu ; kasaitache. despising, part, renawa, reni deviate, intr. v. (from a straight the d. of advice renin wayo. course) bauda, baude used i ' deviation 72 diligence

; ratsa^ with hanya yin raise ; minene bambamchin wannan causing to d. haudewa. da wanchani or ina marabin deviation, raise, ratsowa. wannan da wanchan 1 there device, n. hila, is d. fila. no ba su bambanta ; devil, n. shaitan, shetan, shai- differences (points of vari-

tani, iblis, ibilis ; see demon, ance) tsakankani. devoid of, see without, different, adj. dabam, daban, tr. v. devour, rida, chinye, dabam dabam ; d. from da- chanye, chingi, hadiye, rushe bam da, dabam ddga, bam- (K.). bam ddga; a d. sort iri dabam. dew, n. raba; a drop of d. differentiate, to bambanta, digar rdba. yin dabam. dialect, yare, halshe*. difficult, adj. da wuya ; it is diarrhoea, n. gudawa, gudun- d. to know all things abin

daji, zawo, zawayi ; a duniya da wuyan sani ; it is

medicine for d. filasko. too d, for me ya buwaye 7ii, dibble, (hoe) sungumi. ya faskare ni, ya faye ni, na n. kuri^a, chacha dice, karen ; kasa or ya Ji karijina.

a throw of d. jefan kuri^a; difficulty, n. wuya ; with d.

to cast d. yin modi (cowrie dakyat {^.), dakyal, dakya/r shells are generally used .(K.).

instead of d. for purposes dig, tr. V. gina, gino, tona*,

of gambling). haka ; d. in the ground fuda, dictation, writing from d. turbude, yasa, yashe, to dig

shibta*. a new well gina rigiya ; to die, iiitr. V. mache, machi, mutu dig out or clean out an old

(this is seldom used except well yasa rigiya ; d. up land

to denote the past tense), karta, kirta ; d. with a hoe

rdsu ; d. a natural death shera, hira (S.) ; d. holes, yin mushe. e.g. for planting trees bisa^ differ, intr. v. yin dabam, yin bushe. daban, yin bambam. dignified, adj., a d. person difference, n. dahamchi, bam- datijo. bamchi, bambanta, baram- dignity, mutum^chi.

baran ; what is the d. diligence, n. kokari, himma^ between this and that? kwazo, anniya. . .

, diligent 73 disdain

diligent, be, intr. v. yin anni- disappear, intr. v. gurbache^^ ya, maida hirtima, maida rutsa*.

kokari ; be d. ! ku hada disappointed, be, intr. v. kal- kokarinku. niashe zuchiya.

diligent, adj. da kwazo^ mai- disapproval, a gesture of d., kwazo. the hand being extended diligently, adv. da himma, da and all the fingers pointed anniya. forwards, ambola^ dakuwa. dim, to be, intr. v. dindimi, disaster, see misfortune.

dundumi ; to become d. dushe discern, tr. v. ji*, gane. or dishe. discernment, n. baslra.

diminish, see decrease, discharge, tr. v. 1. (fire ofF) dimness, n. dushe wa, dishewa ; buga, halbi, harbi.

d. of sight makamchi, bam- 2. (send away) see dis- harakwai* miss.

dip, tr. V. tsoma, soma* ; d disciple, n. almajiri, fem. under water nuta^ nutse, ahnajira, pi. alm.ajirai. 7iutsa ; to d. the head in discomfort, n. mako. water yin kunduma. discontent, an exclamation of dipping, (e.g. of meat in soup) gasa.

tso7ni. discontented, adj. one who is direct, adj., e.g. a d. path d. matsiyachi, pi. matsiyata. hanya sosai. discord, n. fasadi, fasada, direction, sassa, bige, guge, kiyayya, swabani, rikichi*, luaje. fiisuma, gardama* ; see dis- directly, adv. yanzii, ko yanzu, pute. na7i da nan. discount, n. jdra ; a special d. dirt, n. guiba, gwiba, gwibi, Ict'ada ; what d. is allowed ? dauda, kazdmi^ kazamta, ina rangwame ? kazanta. discourage, tr. v. sake fuska dirty, adj. da dauda^ kazami, (lit. to change the face). fern, kazama ; to make d. discover, tr. v. kaga, see find. yin dauda. discussion, n. maganta, ma- disagree, intr. v., see quarrel, gantawa, magantirwa ; to disagreement, n. saban% swa- hold a d. yin maganta. bani (S.), see discord. disdain, tr. v., see despise. disease 74 distance disease, n. chitvuta, chiwo. disobey, tr. v. kiji, tayas. disgrace, n. walakanchi', see disperse, tr. v. kawas da, shame. watsa, ware, walwache, war- disgrace, tr. v. falasa, fallasa, watse ] disperse ! ku waru. 'palasa, kumyata. dispersed, wararre. disgust, n. kyama, see dislike. displease, tr. v. hata zuchiya; dish, n., a large wooden d. this displeased him wannan ya

akushi, akoshi, pi. akussa, hata zuchiyarsa ; see distress.

jemo ; a flat d. made of disposition, n. (temper) hdli,

d. -cover . plaited grass taitai ; pi. halaye ; good d farinjini

(made of plaited grass)ya{/ai, (lit. white blood); bad d.

pi. fiyafai ; the knob which bakin zuchiya (lit. blackness

forms the top of a d. -cover of heart) ; lalata, kafirchi,. tuku, tuntu, tsoro, tukkuwa. mugun gashi*. dishearten, tr. v. kariya dispute, n. gardama, sabdbiy zuchiya phr. you d. me subabi, binch%ki,fusuma, swa- ; ka kariya ma ni zuchiya, I bani, tsalmi, tsarmi. am disheartened zuchiyata dispute, intr. v. yin gardama,.

ta hachi ; see discourage. yin kokanto. dishonour, n. kankanchi, disregard, tr. v. rena, kyahf

kumya*. shdm,uke ; see despise. dishonour, to ka^kasta, kus- disrespectful, d. language or

' kunta. contempt of court ' ashar. dislike, n. haushi, kiyayya, ki- dissemble, intr. v., see pre-

yeya, kyeya, kyama ; see hate. tend. dislike, tr. v. ki, kiya, yankan dissent, intr. v., express d. by

kamna, tsangwama ; they d. turning the head away kauda him suna jin haushinsa. kai, girgiza kai. dislocate, to, a bone gule. dissimulation, riya. dismay, n., see fear. dissolute, adj., see profligate. dismount, intr. v. shido, sahka, dissolve, 1. tr. v. narke.

shida kasa, jlda ; see alight. 2. intr. v. narku. disobedience, n. kinji, kiwuya, distance, n. nesa, nisa, (aloof- shishige, tayazwa. ness) nesanta; to place at disobedient, he is d. shi ne a d. nesanta ; to keep a d.

mai-kangara. from nesanchi, nisanchi ; a distant I 75 do

measure of d. (as far as the divided, be, intr. v. rdbu^

eye can reach) jetaka* ; I warwari, wawari. saw him from ad. na hange divided, part, rababbe, fem. shi nesa. ddga rababba, pi. rababbu ; marar- distant, adj. ddga nesa, da nesa, raba.

nesa ; d. from 7iesa ddga. divination, duba. distinct, adj., see different. diving, n. nuta.

distinguish, to kehe, kehanche, division, n. rdbo, rdbu, pi. it kehanta, rarrabe ; was im- raberabe ; mararrabi ; the possible to d. between ha dividing point of two roads.

a rarrabe. mararrabin hanya; d. of a. distorted, amurgude. town (within the walls) shiya, distrain, to wdshe. unguwa, pi. unguwai or un- distress, n. nawdya, wuya, guni*; d., i.e. allotted portion,, icahala,matsiyaxihi,'inatsiyata, J'asali. tsananta. divorce, n. sakeiva, shiki, yayi*^ distress, tr. v. tsananche, sa divorce, tr. v., d. a woman wahala, dawainiyasda, da- shika, saki, kore all followed

nawdya ; that by mache. which causes d. abin da wuya. dizziness, jiri.

distressed, be, v. fargaba, do, tr. and intr. v. 1. (act) yi Jirgaba, matsu, masu, jin aiki.

wahala ; I was d. na ganiu 2. (accomplish) yi, {, yiwa^ da nawaya. iwa, yiwo, two, wa, aiki. distribute, tr. v. rdba, rdbas da, 3. (succeed) yi.

rdbas (without obj.), kaivama. i. to do a thing once tdba. district, n. gari*, wuri*, gun- 5. to labour at aikata ; phr. d,uina (S.). it is done an yi shi, it does distrust, tofarga*, tsangwama. (i.e. it is satisfactory) ya yi; ditch, n. ganwa, wuriya. I never did so ban tdba yin dive, intr. V. nutsa (K.), nuto haka ; can it be done ? shi (S.), nutse, nitso, ninkdya, yiwul it cannot be done ba auka. shi yiwuwa ; which way did divide, tr. v. rdba, rdbi*, rahe go ? wanne waje ya yi 1 na bas da, rarrabi, rarraba, kdsa; yi I did, is often contracted to d. in half bara. into nai. ; doctor 76 drain doctor, n. mai-mdgani, atta- made of palm planks kyauren

bibi*, likita* ; a quack d. kyami.

boka, pi. bokaye. dot, n. (e.g. the d. placed dog, n. kdre^ f. kdriya, pi. kar- above or below a letter) guda

nuka, auzu ; house d. kdren (S.) ; the large d. placed gida; wild hunting d. hjal- below the line to denote the kechi, karkechi, kyarkyechi, sound e yamald*, imala*.

kirikinji, kilikinji; a mad d. doubt, n. zuchiya biyu (lit. mahaukachin kdre. two hearts), tajnbaba, kokanto, dollar, n. ddla (usually applied tantama, zulumi, zalumi,

to the Austrian Maria zato, shakka ; without d. babiv Theresa d.), riycd% liyar, wawa, babu shakka, babu

madafa*. shak, babu tambaba ; an ex- dominion, n., see kingdom. pression of d. wai. done, part., see do. doubt, intr. v. yin (or da) donkey, n. jaki, fern, jakanya, zuchiya biyu, yin tambaba, pi. jakai, jakkai or jakuna yin tantama, yin shakka, d.'s pad Idheru, laferu; for hasashi, hasashe. names of various species of dough, n. gaya. donkeys, see ass. dove, n. kurchiya, pi. kurdche, door, n. kqfa, pi. kofoji, ko- kurchiyoyi ; ring d. wala, pi.

funa or kofai ; kofal gida^ walu, aguwa : red-eyed d. doorway bdkin hasbiya, bronze- ganfibu ; kqfa ; hazbiya ;

a mat made of grass or winged d. garda, ; long-tailed

reeds let down in front of African d. bardo ; a rock d. doorway tufaniya, arsabari, jdba dutsi. askuniya, marufin kofa, down, adv. a kasa, a kas; to tsahore, zabore, bunu, pi. put d. sako. bunai, kyaure, tsaiwa, tsa- down, n. (of birds) sabon

waya ; a d. made of corn gashi. stalks kwadabe (S.); d. post dowry, n. gdra, baiko. kwabrin kulkin doze, to gyangyadi, angaje. kofa, kofa ; yin

pole or bar to keep the d. drag, tr. V. janye, jaye ; see shut mataushin kofa, ma- draw.

dogara, gagarabado ; door- dragon-fly, masu*.

keeper sarikin kqfa ; a d. drain, (ditch) wuriya. ;

drake 77 droop

drake, n. zakaraa dumya, sa dried, part, kekasashe, fern.

! kaza. kekasashiya, pi. kekasassu,

j draw, tr. v. ja, jajaya, kak- busashe, busheshe, bushebushe,

kare, karkare ; to d. forth or sanyaye, shanyaye, fern, shan-

out fisge, fizge, fusge, Jlshshe, yaya, pi. shanyayu ; dried-up zara, tabe, tabi, sakatta, saka- tree kalun itache, kwaurin

che ; to d. towards one3elf;a^oo, (or kwahrin) itache*. drill, zaro ; to d. after one jaka ; to d. soldiers birga. d. a line or a furrow kirta, drill, of soldiers rawa*,

karta; to d. strokes zdna; drink, n. abinsha ; a d. made to d. a sketch sifata, sifache; of honey, pepper and water

to d. out sabule ; d. a sword betso, baiso* ; a d. made with

zara, zari ; to d. the foot on flour, etc. koko; an intoxi- the ground murjeki, mur- cating d. made from oruinea- tsiki to d. corn giya ; water jan ruwa, ; drinking-water gugana, debe ruwa, clebo ruwa, ruwan-sha.

dauka ruwa ; to d. near drink, tr. v. sha, shawo,

duno*; to d, \ia.(ik. jayi ; to shanya, shaya ; to d. greedily

d. out, e.g. from water tsamo. dirki ; to give to d. shadda, n. akodi*, drawer, sanduki*, shayad da, shayas da ; it is sanduki*. undrinkable ba shi shayuwa. drawing, (sketch) sifa. drinking, n. sha, pi. shaye- dream, n. mafalki (S.), mafarki drippings, e.g. from trees ru- dream, intr, v. yin mafalki. wan ganye. dregs, n. gwiba, gwibi. drive, tr. v. (d. away) kora,

dress, n., gorgeous d. daraja kore, koro, famfare, i ma, iza^

see clothes, ije, yin artai ; d. to a distance dress, tr. v. (put on clothes) nesanta; d. away in disgust

sa \ d. leather jemi ; d. meat kaskasta, kuskunta; d. out feda nama. Jishe, fishshe. dressed, part, (prepared) gyar- driver-ant, n. kwarkwasa^ tachche, fern, gyartatta, pi. kwalkwasa. gyartattu. driving, n. (away in war) dresser, n. (of leather) majemi, artai, kora. mai-jima. droop, to lankwasa, lankwashe. ; ;;

drooping 78 dum-palm

drooping, lankwaso. by a king drop, n. diga, dugo, pi. dugogi, (s.)-

ddso, darso, tarfi ; a d. of drum, intr. v. yin kidi, yin dew dugon raha. wargi^, kankada, Mda.

drop, tr. and intr. v. 1. (pour drummer, n. makidi ; a

out by drops) tarfi, tarfa, yin mounted d. ma^archi.

darshi; it is dropping yaiia drumming, n. kidi, pi. kide- kide diga. ; (accompanied by danc-

2. (let fall) saki, tsaga, ing) kidin dambe, garaya. kuhche. drum-stick, makidi, makadi.

3. intr. v., see fall. drunk, to be niaye, yin bugu ; dropping, n. pai-ticip. bugage. dropsy, n.fdra. drunkard, n. mashayi. dross, n. (scum of metals) drunkenness, n.hajijiya,maye. kashin tama, kwam makera. dry, adj., see dried, drought, n. farin yunwa^fari*, dry, 1. tr. v. kekashe, kekasa,

firi, furi. bushe, sanya, shanya, kdfe

tr. v. gangante*, nitsa- to d. drown, put out sanyato, jibe ; she*', v. to intr. nitso, sha ruwa ; d. in the sun bdri* ; to d. he was drowned ya sha ruwa. meat before a fire kyafa, drum, n. kida, kidi, kalango, kyapa. kurkutu (S.), kuntukuru* 2. intr. v. shekare; to d. ; a large d. ganga, pi. ganguna, up (used of a well) kafe, banga, dundufa, gangami, (wither or d. up as water)

jdmi* ; a small d. bishi ; a tsotsa*. d. shaped like an hour-glass dryness, kekasa. held under the arm, covered dry season, n. rani. with skin in front but open duck, n. kazan yariba, agwa- kotso, koso,jauje.juje gwa small d. jalili behind ; water ; a d. made out of a gourd African tree d. kirinjijiya

talle ; ad. with pointed comb of a d. dani. bottom carried in a royal duck, v., to d. the head kauche

procession tom5ari ; a stringed kai. d. open at one end kuriya, dumb, (d. and deaf person)

kwuriya ; the sound of a d. bebe, pi. bebaye.

wasa*, girib ; large d. used dum-palm, n., see palm. ;

dun 79 early

dun, to d. a person for debt mahugiya ; owner of a d. hi. pit or dyer mdrini, pi. ma- dung, n. kdshi, taki, artai, surini.

najasa, najasu, gaitsi, toroso, dyed, part, rinanne, fern, rin- taroso, tutu, tsura, tsula (S.) anna, pi. rinannu, ; turarre, d. of cows or fern, turara, pi. camels kandilu ; turaru. d. hole saiga, pi. salgagi, dyeing, tahsa, tausa, turi, tu- sarga, salanga (Zanf.), hayan ranta, yanayi. gida*, kwarkware; d. hill dyer, n., see dye.

jujai, jihji, hirhizo, hizo (S.). dysentery, n. gudun daji, dungeon, n. kurkuku, see gvdun dawa, zawo, anago,

prison. ana gudawa, atuni ; medicine duration, matsayi. for d. domashi. during, prep, chikin, a, da, ga, muddar ransa d. (or all) his each, pron. adj. kowanne, fem. life. kowache ; e. of us kowan- dust, n. kura, toka^, pi. to- neniinu ; e. of them kowan-

kuna* ; d. storm gugutva, nensu. holoko, huluku. eager, adj. da kwardka. dwarf, n. wadd,iem. wadaniya, eagerness, n. kwadayi, kodai,

pi. wadani, kuru. < kwada*, kwardka; see desire. iiitr. dwell, V, zamna, zauna. eagle, n. jisasa (K.) ; crested dweller, n. mai-zamna. e. angulun kwakwa; white- dwelling, n. mazamni, ma- necked e. gagdfa. zauni, wurin zamna, shigifa, ear, n. kunne, pi. kunnuwa; pi. shigifu or shigifoji. hollow behind the ear geto, dye, n. Hna; a black d. gato ; wax in the e. kwanyan

kwaloko* ; a reddish d. ga- kunne, daudan kunne ; to lura a ; yellow clay used as erect the ears kere ; to turn ad. for women's faces dala ; back the ears Id/e ; e. of corn a red d. majigi. kuhe, zangarniya, zangarko \ dye, tr. V. rini, rina, yin tabsa, e. of gero cooked for eating tura, yin turi ; d. pit marina, tumu. pi. mdrinai, karofi (K.); a early, adv. wuri, da wuri, place where clothes are dauri ; very e. wuri wuri beaten when being dyed e. in the morning sassa/e, . earnest money 80 egret

fudowa, fudawa^ tangarai, kurmusu; one who hides him-

assuba ; e. or an e. start self in order to e. mai-kur- samako, sammako. musu. earnest money, n. amdna*, eavesdrop, to Idhe. shigam hiya. eavesdropping, rafake. earth, n. 1. (the world) duniya. ebony-tree, kainya, kaiwa. I 2. (soil) kdsa, pi. kdsashe, echo, n. kuruwa, koguwa*, jeji kdsaisai, turhaya, turda (S.); ya amsa.

very hard e. tsandauri. eclipse, n., e. of the moon earthquakes, raye-rayen duni- husvji (Ar.), kamunwata, du-

ya. shewa ; e. of the sun kusuji. earth-worm, tana^ pi. tanu. ecstasy, n. hauka, haukachi* tsatso. edge, n. kauye, kowi, earwig, kawachi* ; (of stream) easily, adv. hahu wuya, ha da refe, kauyen ruwa ; (of a knife) wuya ha, sannu*, da sauki. kaiji ; (of a sword) east, n. gdhas, gdhaz^ one who hdki (of cloth) lafe, laji ; ; '^

comes from the e. hagahasi. madaji*, chinkai*. eastward, adv. gahachi. edged, adj. (sharp e.) da kaiJi. easy, adj. that is easier ya fi educate, tr. v. yin reno*,foro^.

sauki ; see easily. education, n. Iddahi, kardtu*. eat, tr. V. chi; to e. greedily effective, mai-anfdni. chanye, chinye, rushe (K.), egg, n. kwai (kwoi), kwan

ginsu, gundura, yin hamfude, kaza, pi. kwanyaye ; e. shell hamfudi, gamha, chingi, da- kwasfa, kwasta, pi. kosfofiy gwiya-j to snatch in order kwasfofi) kamhori, hamharokiy

to e. rida ; anything to e. hawon kwai; a bad e. dunge;

yolk of e. ahinchi ; plenty to e. zar% gwabduwa, kwabdua,

zowari, jihgi, lashe ; that gwanduwa; a hen laying egg'&

which is good to e. tu- dakwalwa ; to lay eggs kanya

tushi; to give to e. chida, kwaij aje kwai, ajiye kwai

chishe or chiyad da \ eating (K.). little egg-plant, gauta, a at a time chiye-chiye ; yalo. cf. prov. to eat a little at a egret, zarbi^ zalbi; the great

is better white e. or heron time than to eat ^arm zarbi ; up all at once chiye-chiye ya little e. halhela, badbila, hil-

fi chainyewa; eating in secret hila. ;

: Egypt 81 encamp

Egypt, n. Masar, Mazar'^ ; the eleventh, adj. na-goma (fem. inhabitants of E, inasaraiva. ta-goma) sha daya. eight, adj. takwas. else, see other, eighteen, adj. goma sha ta- emaciated, part, a rame, ra- ktvas, sha takwas, ishirin mamme ; see lean, hiyu habu. emancipate, tr. v. yanchi, eighth, adj. na-takwas, fem. bada diyauchi. ta-takwas; one e. sumuni. embankment, Idbuni, eighty, adj. tamanin. embark, intr. v. haujirigi. either, adj. ko ; e.... or ko... embarrassment, fulako, see ko ; walau*. shame, elaeis guineensis, n. (= oil embezzlement, hdinchi. palm) kwakwa. embrace, tr. v. runguma, run- elapse, intr. v. (of time) shige ; gume. see finish, embroider, tr. v. yin sharaba. elasticity, yauki^ yabki. embroidered, (e.g. trousers) elbow, n. kusuruwan hannu, mai-surfani. sukuruwan hannu, diddigin embroidery, n. tindumi, shara-

I hannu, gwiwar hannu; from ba ; e. on a shirt algaba, aska ; f the e. to the shoulder damtse, e. on front of a tobe kunkun- damchi, pi. damatsa or da- gaba, gudungaba, mumbari. mutsa. embryo, tdyi (S.). elder, e. brother wa, pi. yeye emerald, n. zumurruz*. e. sister ya. emetic, n. katala. eldest, adj. hahha^, dan fari. emir, n. amiru, amiri. elect, tr. v., see choose, emperor, n. sultan. elephant, n. giwa, pi. giwaye j emphasize, to karfafa. a young e. parma; male e. employment, safara (S.). toron giwa, toro ; trunk of e. emptiness, n. wofi, yofi (S.). hannun giwa; tusks of e. empty, a place that is e. kango, (i.e. ivory) hakorin giwa, pi. kangogi or kangaye. haurin giwa. emulation, n. klshi, kishiya, elephantiasis, n. gugi, maku- pi. kishiyoyi, gdsa. lashe. enable, tr. v., see help, eleven, adj. goma sha daya, encamp, intr. v. shida, shide, sha daya, sapka. sabka, sauka. R. H. D. 6 ; ; encampment 82 entice encampment, n. sanscmi, zan- enemy, n. ahokin gdba, makiyi, go^ umrin sahka. pi. makiya, mai-kinji, magah- enchantment, sihiri ; see chi.

sorcery, enfranchise, tr. v., see free. encircling, n. kewaya^ kewayo. English, adj. wherever the enclosure, n. (for cattle, etc.) word is known the form

garke, garge (S.), sayi ; see Ingliz or Ingilis borrowed fold, from the Arabs of N. Africa encompass, tr. v. (e.g. a town is used ; an Englishman in war) rize. would be mutum Ingilis. encounter, tr. v. gama da, engrossed, to be e. in anything ganiu da, tariye. shagula, natsu.

end, n. kdre, karko, makari, enjoy, tr. v. sha*, chi* ; to e. makare, karshe, makoma the shade sha inuwa. (boundary) iyaka. enjoyment, n. murna, abin end, 1. intr. v. kdre, tsaya, murna', see joy.

tsayi, mutu*, yamutse; come enlarge, tr. v. fadada, yin

utterly to an e. karkare. girma.

2. tr. V. wanya, wanye, enmity, gdba, zaman.

wanyi, kdre; (e. conversation) enough, n. da ya isa, buss, kul;

yanke magana ; the affair is to have e. koshi ; one who has

ended ya kare. eaten e. kosashshe, pi. kosas- endeavour, n. kokari. su ; it is e. ya isa, ya koshi*. endeavour, intr. v. yin kokari enquire, see inquire. one who endeavours mai- ensign, n. tuta, pi. tutochi. kokari. enslave, tr. v. maida bawa, ending, karewa, karko, tukewa. bautad da-, to be enslaved endurance, tasiri (S.), see shiga bauta. courage, ensure, to wajabta, see certain. endure, 1 . tr. v. jimri, daure. entangle, to nanade, ddne*y

2. intr. v. (suff'er) dauri jiche (S.), ki/a (K.), surmuka ; (continue) yin karko, dada, to become entangled sarke. dadi. enter, tr. v. (go in) shlga; enduring, part. 1. (lasting) (come in) shigo ; cause to e. dadewa, matahhdta. shigas da.

2. (suffering) see patient. entice, tr. v. rude..

i entire 83 even

entire, adj., see complete, errand, n. sako. entirely, adv. kap-^ see also error, n. mantuwa, kure, sabo.

I faye and ji. eructate, to yunkiXra. entrails, yan chiki. escape, n. place of e. wurin entrance, n. (aperture) kofa; tsira. e. room (e.g. to palace) dan- escape, intr. v. Jtchi, furche,

I, dali. tsira, gudu, kurchi, kurche, entrap, tr. v. yin hako, I yin kubche, subuche, subiche.

' tarko. escort, n. rakiya(^.), rdko (K.), entreat, tr. v. hiko, roko. kuto. entrenchment, n. kdgara, escort, tr. v. yin rakiya, rdka, kdgaruwa, pi. kdgaru, san- rdki, rake, roma*. sani. espy, to hanga, hangi, hange, entrust, tr. v. hada, yin sabtu, hango I ; espied him afar na danka. hange shi ddga nesa, he was enumerate, to lisafta, lisalta, the first to e. me ya hango ni. lasalta, Hsabta, lisanta. establish, to tuturta, kafa. envy, n. keta, kiyaiya, kishi, established, part, (firmly fixed) kishiya, hdsada^ haushi. tabbatachche, I fern, tabbatach- enwrap, duntsa, duntse. chiya; kdfaffe^i^m. kafaffiya, epilepsy, n. falfada (S.), /«r- pi. kdfaffu. i fada {K..),farfadiya. esteem, n. hasafi. ^equal, adj. sosai, daidai, tan- estimate, tr. v. kauwama, gam, tangas; to make e. kawamata*, kimanta. daidaita, yi ya ; to be e. isa ; estrangement, n. rabuwa. a thing which is e. to abin eternal, adj. hal (ovhar) abada, gamawa; this is e. to that eunuch, n. babd or babani, pi. waiinan ya yi ya wunchan. babdnni, laihi, marmdta. equal, (fellow) tsdra, p].tsarare. euphorbia, n. kumkumiya, equality, sauwi. fidda-sartse, kyarana, tinya. equivalent, n. wato*, watau*. European, n. ba-Ture, pi. erase, tr. v. yin maimai, shdfa, Turawd^. kankara. evade, to zuke. srect, tr. V. tashe, tada, even, adj. 1. (smooth) dasamtsi. 3rr, intr. v. manta^ manche, kus- 2. ef. e. or odd chika ko kure, saha. mara. 6—2 ; ; even 84 excel

e. thought even, adv. ko ; e. now ko yanzu. ka/archi, kafirchi ;

; e. spirit ibilis evening, n. mareche, maraiche bdkar zuchiya ;

e. speaking annam^imi ; e. yamma ; late e. almauru^ almuru^ magaruh, mcigariba, principle existing in the

mangariba, lisha, cf. under world duniya* ; e, doer mai- e. intreat kan- rana; in the e, da mareche^ swaho ; to da yamma; phr. I continue kanta.

travelling till e. ina yini evil, adj. m,ugu, fern, mugunya,

tafiya^ it is e. mareche ya yi; pi. Tniyagu, m,um/m,una* \ see to depart in the e. maraita. bad. eventually, adv. yauyau^ yo- ewe, n. tumkiya, pi. tumdki. yo. exact, adj. sarai.

ever, adv. 1. (at any time) da- exactly, rab, rap ; it fits e. ya dai, taba, e.g. have you ever kama rab.

seen him 1 ka tdba ganinsa ? exactly, adv. tangas. have you ever been to exaggerate, glna waiwai, yal- Sokoto? ka tdbaje Sakwato ? wata labari.

2. (for ever) tutul, tutur, exalt, tr. v. daukaka, daiikake, tutu, tutuk, tutut, hal (or m,aida girm,a. har) abadd. exalted, part, (epithet applied everlasting, adj. matuturchi, to God) ta'ala, madaukaka. m,adawam,i*f matabbatawa*. examine, tr. v. dandana*, dan-

every, adj. duka, duk,kuUum*; dani* ; see look at. everyone kowa, kowanne, example, n. koyi, nuni, koko-

fern, kowache, pi. kowddanne, ya* ; his e. kokoyansa.

see Gr. p. 18 ; everything exceed, tr. v. buway

(S.) ; e. in duka komi, dukachin komi, Ji, zoba dada* ;

komi ; e. day kowache rana strength gargara, gagara.

e. morning kullum safe ; e. exceed, to e. in (have much night kullum dare. of) yawaita. everywhere, ko'ina. exceedingly, ainin. evil, n. abin mugu, bannai, excel, intr. v. faye, ddra (S.),

m,ugunta, shara, shariri, yin fifiko, gota, girme ; to e.

gaya*, swabo, zunufi; zun- in size go/a ; who excelled^

ubi*, e. desire sha'awa; e. the other 1 wanene ya j\ disposition lalata, mugunta, wani ?

I ;

excellence 85 experienced

excellence, n.fiyayya.fiyayye, exercise, n. to take e. (by walk- flko, kayatazwa, kwari. ing) yawo, jiki wasa ; (by except, adv. sai, sai dai, sai ko. riding) kilisa.

excess, n. abinda ya faye, exhausted, part, sumamme ; e. ymva. land semu* (S.).

exchange, tr. v. sake, yin exhibit, tr. v. nuna, nuni, miisaya, furfura, furfuri. gwada, goda.

exchange, in exchange for exhort, tr. v. gargada, galgada^ a bdkin, maimakin, sdbad da. wajabta. exchange, to (barter) furfuri. exhortation, gargadi, galgadi. excitement, n. kardya. exist, intr. v. kashi, kashe, n. exclamation, (expressing wanzu ; see be.

astonishment or incredulity) expand, 1. tr. \. shimfiday huha, hdba, kaiya, kdsa ; (ex- shmfida. pressing doubt or grief) wai ; 2. intr. v. yalwata, yin words used as an e. maganar auki, yin abki, habama^. zuchiya; e. of annoyance kash, expansion, auki.

gasa ; e. denoting exultation expect, tr. V. (to await with woho, oho ; (expressing pity or expectation) jira ; (to antici- disgust) asha, hasha ; (e. to pate) tam^aha, tammaha, yin attract attention) ihu, uhu, tamaha, yin zojche.

e. nfu, yeho ; of welcome expectation, halamu, zax^he, maraba; see also oho; an e. zdto ; unfulfilled expectations used in driving sheep us, as tsamanin warabuka.

e. of despair wayuniya*' ; e. of expectorate, intr. v. tofi, fesa,

pleasure yauro ; see indeed. furja. excrescence, e.g. a swelling expedition, military debe, guda (S.). sd'ati. excuse, n. huja, yarji*, ham- expel, tr. v. kora, kore.

zari, hanzari ; a poor e. expense, n., see cost. gajeren hamzai'i ; he made expensive, adj. da tsada; phr. e. ya yi sdne. it is too e. ya fi tsada or ya excuse, tr. v. gafara, yin faye tsada; to be e. yin gafarta; phr, e. me ba ni yarji, gafara. experienced, part, gwani, executioner, n. hauni (K.). goni, pi. gwanaye. expert 86 fail expert, adj., see prec. with deep-set eyes mai-kwar-

explain, tr. v. waye, nuna, min ido* ; a man with only

nuni, hadichi, yin fassara, one e. mai-ijiya na giida,

phr. e. it to mai-kishin ido ; a blemish fasalta, habarta* ; meka gdya ma ni, amhato ni. in the e. lahani; watery e. explanation, n. wayewa, nu- (i.e. desire) ruwan ido ; evil

e. nawa, fassara, fassaranta, kandu or kandun ido ; azanchi. one with evil e. maye, fem. extend, tr. and intr. v. yalwata^ mayya; to put the evil e.

see expand. on anyone jifa wani da ido ; extended, be, intr. v. miTm. e. witness shaidan ido ; to extensive, tafkeke*, tabkeke*. have dim eyes dindimi, dun- extent, n. matsawa, matuka; dumi ; to look with eyes

see limit. nearly shut yin kankanin \ extinguish, tr. v. bishe, biche, ido.

kufuli*. eye-brow, gira, pi. girori^ extract, tr. w . jawo, fisge, fizge, girai or girgira.

fusge, Jishe, fishshe, fushe ; to

e. juice etc. tatsa. fable, n. tatsuniya, pi. tatsuni- exult, intr. v. yin rdha. yoyi, misali, almara*, fira*y exulting, n. rdha. gdtana. eye, n. ido, iphidanu, idanduna, face, n. fuska^ pi. fuskoki and

idanuwa ; eye-ball kwayar fuskuna, huska* ; to f. to-

e. socket gurbin ido, ido; wards the speaker gabdto ;

pupil of e. ijiyar f. in a given gulbin ido ; to direction

f . to f . ido, matsokachin ido ; eye- fuskanta ; fuska biyu ;

; e. -lashes fall f. brow gira, pi. girare to on the fadi jiche ;

kain ijiya ; ridge over the e. he looks one straight in the

kashin ido ; e.-glass madubin f. idonsa kirikiri ne. ido; mucus from the e. fade, intr. ^'fafe^fofe, yaushiy kwamtsa, kwamtso; diseases yin yaushi, (used of cloth)

of the e. hakiya^ hakanya, kwaki.

chizara, shawora ; cataract fading, adj. kwaki. in thee, tsauriyaovtsawariya; fading away, part, kwdhe.

medicine for the eyes korino, fail, intr. v. (decay) rasu; (f.

fidilii giwa-kamba ; a man to keep a promise) kuskure^ . ;

faint 87 far

kurkura ; (fall short of) kdsa, falling, part, fddmva; f. into

gdza ; f . to get tdhe, tafe ruin rushewa] sound of f.

f. to understand rudi ; cf. kilin kilin, glass kirin kirin ;

he failed me in nothing ba f. in of a well burma.

ya kdsa una ni komi ha. false, adj. m^arorgaskiya ; to

faint, adj. sumamme. spread f. news kwarm^ato, chi-

I faint, intr. v. yin suma, jin newa, tsinewa ; it is f. kariya

suma, suma, gaji. ne ; f. witness shaidan zur. faintness, n. suma, jiri, ku- falsehood, n. kariya, kariya-

mallo, falfada (S.), farfada ' chi, zur.

(K.)-_ falsely, adv., to swear f. yin fair, adj. kyau, da kyau, mai- kafara. kyau. falsify, to kirfa. faith, n. aiman, imani, amin- fame, n. ydbo.

chi* ; the faith of Islam familiarity, saho.

niusuluTYichi ; see believe. family, n., members of f. iyali, faithful, adj. yardaji, salihi^, uma^, dangi. pi. salihai*, mummuni, fern. famine, n. yunwa, farin yun-

f . amintattu. [ mummuna ; the wa.

faithfulness, n. aminchi. fan, n. fijiche, mafuchi, pi.

fakir, wali (Ar.), waliyi, pi. majilfichi (S.), vnafifichi, waliyai. mafirfichi (K.); (made of falcon, n. shafo, shaho. woven grass) faifai, "^A.faya- fall, n.fdduwa, saraya. fai; f. made of ostrich fall, intr. v. fddi, fdda, yin ieELthers,Jigina,Jigini ; (made saraya, kucha*, sako; f. down of palm leaves) giginya, pi. before anyone rusuna, run- gigangani, giginyoyi or gi-

suna* ; f. in (used of a ginai (for winnowing) ba- ; well) gabche, gache, gwabche, kache, Tuatankadi, rereya,

abka, hurme ; make to f rairaiya.

goche ma ; f . upon v. falma, fan, tr. fifita, feta, bakache ;

farma, parma, haye ; f . in one who fans mai-bakache, with tsayi, tsaya; to let a m,afechi.

f . thing fdda da ; to f. in fancy (supposition) usuwasi. price, yin goino* ; to f . out fanning, Jijitd, jitara. with sha bambam. far, adj. da nesa. ; far 88 feather

far, adv. nesa ; as far as har, tunturum; one who is f.

hal, har ga, tun, tun da ; to mai-tumJ}i, m,ai-gato, mai-jiki,

place f. off nesanta. kutumba, gandi,iein. gandiya farewell, n., to bid f. yin ban to grow f. yin kiba, taiba, yin

kwana, yin salama ; an ex- tiriniya ; to fatten kibata.

pression of f. sai wata rana. fate, n. jinkiri ; see destiny, farm, n. gona, pi. gonaki or father, n. uba, pi. ubanne, gonakai, karkara, pi. kar- ubannai or ubanni, bdbd karai; farming aikin gona; father-in-law suruki.

owner or cultivator of a f. fathom, gdba.

mai-gona ; a farm lent by a fatigue, n. gdjiya, gdjewa, master to a slave gayauna* gajiyawa, gayara. ;

a f. labourer who works for fatigued, to be f. gaji, yin wages kwadigo, dan kwadigo gajiya. ;

f . work noma ; farming in fatness, n. taiba, tiriniya.

one place and living in an- fault, n. 1. (defect) aibi, aibu,

other nomijide. pi. aibobi. fashion, n. (mode, custom) 2. (offence) laifi ; i. finding

hdli^ pi. halaye, yayi ; rings bimbini.

were the f. ana yayin mun- favour, n. alheri, tagomashi.

daye. favourite, dan tatangi ; f. wife fast, n. dzumi ; the f. month mowa. laharan. fear, n. tsoro, tunzura, dim^auta fast, intr. v. yin dzumi. (S.), tunzuruwa*, razdna, fasten, tr. v. (e.g. with nails) gizo*, falgaba, fargaba, raki

(tie) halla. f. kdfa ; damre, to cause bada tsoro, tsoratad fastened, part, kafaffe, (closed) da, tsorata. girkakke, fem. girkakkiya, pi. fear, tr. and intr. v. jin tsoro, girkakku. razdna, rdzani, tsantsanta. fastening (or loop), maballi. feast, n. buki, biki, idi, laiya, fat, n. kiha, pi. kihohi, kitse, adaras* ; to make a f. yin kiche (S.), m,aski (S.), kauri, buki.

kabri, gwabi', f. of meat mai. feasting, part. (esp. used of fat, adj. da kiba, da gwabi, marriage f.) wasan buki.

mai-gwabi, da kauri, da feather, n. fikajike, fiffike, fika- kabri, ginshim,i, da taiba. pi. fiki, fikajikai ; fukafuki^ fee 89 fez

pi. fukafuka% gashi* ; a wing fence, n. damfdmi, darni ; a

f. lili. f. round garden danga, pi.

fee, n. (paid by recipient of a dangogi ; a f . made of stalks royal present) tukuichi, takwi- or thorns to keep in sheep,

chi ; market f. or the com- etc. shinge, skingi, shimgi,

mission paid to a broker in shimge, pi. shimgaye.

the market lada; a court f. fencing, n. (a game) sharo, ijara, ujera*. takai.

feeble, adj. kumdma, mara^s- fern, hare's spear f. mashin

karifi. zomo ; elk's horn f . dafaddu.

feebleness, n. kumamanchi. ferry, to f. across yin fito,

1. feed, tr. v. (to supply with . ketarad da (S.), ketaras da food) chida, chishe, kiwata, (K.), ketarshe (before a pron.). chisad da, chiyar da. ferryman, n. sarikin ruwa, 2. intr. v. (to eat) kiwo. maketari, mai-jUo. feeding, chima. festival, n. sallata. feel, tr. v. to perceive by fetch, tr. V. kawo, zo da \ see

touching y^, taba\ to feel bring.

or grope for lalabe, lalaba; fetish, a f. spot matsafa,

to be aflfected ji ; to f. about fetters, n. malwa, mulwa (S.), whilst , searching fd/ake, md- pi. mulwoyi (S.) ; mdri, pi.

Tnare to f . 1 ; anything in order maruruwa, maluluwa, gigar, i to test its weight jinjini ; to sarka, dilka. f. afraid ji'm tsoro. feud, a blood-feud tarna. feint, n. \ (pretended attack) fever, n. masassara, zazzabi, zanzoma. jante, janti, gyante, mura] fell, tr. V. (to cut down) sare. I have fever jikina ya yi fellow, n. (partner, match) dumi ; a f. which occurs

kama, pi. kamannu ; tsara, when the guinea-corn is ripe pi. tsarare ; a f. traveller chiwo na sabon dawa.

maraki, marako. fever, to have f. yin zazzabi.

female, n. (of human beings few, adj. kddan, kankane, fern.

and animals) mache, pi. mdta kankanuwa, pi. ; kankana, phr. male and f. wane da kanana, tsaraurau, kvma. wanche. fez, Ti.fula, wula*,fulan dara, female, adj. ta-mata, ta-mache. fulad dara, tagiya. ; fibre 90 fine

f. full f. a. fibre, n., f. of palm tree kaba ; chikakka; to up

a f. used for making rope hole turbude ; phr. fill them tsaiwa. up kawo chikonsu. field, n. a cultivated f. fil% pi. filled, part, chikakke, fem.

jilaye; fako, pi. fagaigai; chikakkiya, pi. chikakku ; to

gona, pi. gonaki or gonakai ; be f . chika.

a barren f. sabra, saura (Z.) filling, part, chikawa.

a very large f. karkara, pi. filter, n. (usually in form of karkarori. small basket through which field-mouse, gyabji, gyauji. water is strained out) marari^ fierce, adj., to be f. haukache. abin rlga, maregi. fiercely, adv. da kangara, zafi, filter, tr. v. rare, twatsa, tatsa^ fifteen, adj. goma sha biyar tache, rege (S.) ; one who filters (or biyal) sha biyar. TYiai-rarewa. | fifteenth, adj. na-goma (fern. filtering, rlga, tachewa, lata. I ' ta-goma), sha biyar. filth, n. dauda. fifth, adj. na-biyar, fem. ta- filthiness, janaha.

biyar ; one f. humusi. filthy, adj. da dauda ; to be f. fifty, adj. hamsin. yin najasa. fig, n., f.-tree itachen baure; fin, (of a fish) kd/a.

t fruit baure ; for other finch, a species of, with grey- species of ticus see chediya, blue plumage and red tail

gamji (S. ), ganji (K.), durumi, sisita; black-headed weaver

kawuri or kawari shirinya, f. shaida; fire f. baiwar

uwar yara, wa, rubiya. Allah; widow f. or Whydah fight, n. fdda, faraa^ kokuwa^ bird, or widow weaver za- kokowa, yaki, jayaya or ja- laidu, zulaidu.

yaiya, sabuwa. find, n., e.g. treasure-trove fight, intr. v. fdda, yin fdda, galala. yin fama, yin kokowa, yin find, tr. V. samu, same, sami,

jayaya. sama ; try to f . tuske, tuski ; file, n. zarto, darto^^ maga- to f . out (discover) kaga ; to

gari*. f . and bring samo. m " file, tr. V. gurjago, gurzago fine, n. tara, taro.

to f. a sword yin akaras. fine, 1. adj. (thin, delicate) fill, tr. V. chika, yin fal ; to laushi, da taushi. .;

fineness 91 fish

2. (beautiful) da kyau fire-finch, haiwar Allah.

f, very kdlo halo ; very f fire-fly, n. dimin dawa, make- thread arafia. suwa, mai-kesuwa, mai-kya- fineness, arafichi, rahsh% roshi, suwa. taushi. firewood, n. itachen wuta^ ^nger, n. ydtsa, pi. ydtsosi, kirari, kirare.

ydtsu; the little f. autan fireworks, n. wasan wuta; j/atsa, dan kure ; middle £. (display of) wowo.

ijatsan tsaka ; f.-nail farch% firmament, n. hawa*, sama*. farche, kamhari, kumba, pi. first, adj. na-fari, fem. ta-fari. kumbuna or kumbai, danuha. first, adv. na-farko, da farko, finish, n., see end. da fdri, tukun, tukuna ; to finish, V. kdre, kark% wanya, be f. to do anything wada,

wanyi, wanye, gdma^ guma, I am the f. to come na wada fuka, tuke, Ida, shide. zuwa. finished, part, kafaffe, fem. fish, n. klji, pi. kifaye, kifofi; kafaffiya or kafaffa, pi. mud- or lung-f. gaiwa; elec-

kafaffu ; phr. it is f. ya kare, tric cat-f. minjiriya, miji-

ya tsaya tammat*; he f. speak- riya, misiriya ; large f . from ing yi ya magana ya kare ; the which oil is obtained gin% month is f. wata ya mutu. zau a kind of dog-f. ; kardya ; fire, n. wuta, pi. wutaitai, a shell-f. kuTnba*, pi. kum-

nmtache ; fire-place murufu, buna* ; a flat f . with reddish

inurfu ; a f. which has burnt snout kuma ; cat-fish ragon downru/ushi, rubshi, rabchi* ; ruwa, tarwada, mari, ku-

restoration of a dying f. rungu, gwando (S.), gartsa

(jwamin ; wuta to light a f. (K.), kulme ; sting-ray ku~ wuta, fura hasa wuta ; to ndmar ruwa; a f. with a catch f. chin wuta ; make a belly like a frog talibamban ; large f. gdsa; to strike f. thread-fin abokin taru, Nile with a flint kyastu wuta ; to perch giwar ruiva ; cichlid miss f. (of a gun) fasa, yin perch karpasa, karfasa, kar-

kariya to f. a ; gun halbi (or pashe, gargaza ; tiger-f. tsage, buga) bindiga; a f.-swallower kawara, shambana ; mormyr kumuria. lulu, dan sariki ; a f. like fire-brand, bakin wuta. a salmon fallya, fariya; ;. ; fish 92 flax

for other species of f. see fit, to, cf. it fits exactly ya

under gargaza, baramchi, kama rab (or rap) ; that bana, boddmi, dummi, hariya, which is fitting sawaba.

ishi, kuku, milgi, rajiya, silla, fit, adj. da ya kam^ata, sawabe*,

sololuwa, yauni ; f. bones sawaba*.

kayan kifi ; a hand-net for fitting, be, intr. v. kamata,

catching f. koma, homa,/oma gam^she, gam,a*.

f . a spear for catching hagu ; five, adj. biyar (K.), biyal

. a f . trap murumuru, sankuja (Kats.), biyat (S.) ; f. thou-

(K.), sankiya ; wicker-work sand hamsa*, q.v.

snares for catching f. tsatsara, fix, to f. a tax yanka gandu

or stalk . kurdi sasasara; a cord to f a price yanka ;

on which f. are carried leshi. see fasten. fish, tr. V. sunta, sunche, intr. fixed, to be 1, e.g. in a tree

yin/atsa, kama kifi ; f. with runguma.

small hand-net su. flag, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.

fisherman, n. masunta, pi. flame, n. halshen wuta (lit. masu-su, dan fatsa, masun- tongue of fire), balbalniya.

chi. flap, v., to f. the wings fuffuka, f fishing, sunta ; a place for fiffika. masunta. flapping, e.g. of wings fuffuka, fishing-basket, sum.

fishing-hook, kugiya, pi. kugi- flat, a f. place without trees

yoyi, fatsa, kugiyar fatsa. kanga; he fell f. ya fadi fishing-line, igiyarfatsa^ mam- kUa.

mari, marimari, murumuru, flatten, tr. v. nana. murimuri. flattened, part, nananne, na- fishing-rod, itachen fatsa. nake.

fissure, e.g. in stick or rock flattery, n. kirari, lallashij gebe. ban magana, godo, yin godo,

f. ma-abanchi. fist, n., to close the tunkushe ;

to strike with the f. dan- flavour, n. gardi, zaki, zazza-

the has a good f. kwasa, dankwashe, naushe ; ka* ; nut see box. gyada tana da gardi.

fit, n. (fainting f.) gamata^ flax, n. string made of f. falfada. kirtani.

I ;

flay 93 fly

flay, tr. v. feda^ fede, fida, fide, floor, n. 1. (for threshing) fiye*, figi*, saba, sahe. masussuka. flaying, rlda. 2. to stamp down a f. flea, n. tunkwiyo, tunkwiya^ ddbe.

f. tsando, florin, fataka*, pataka*. chichifi ; pite pite

kuma. flour, n. gdri ; the coarse f. flee, intr. v. gudu, guje, furche, which is separated from the

tsire,yin chiri,J\jffika,fuffuka, finer f. of wheat tsdki ; f. tunzura, sukuwa, suka, su- mixed with water tallya*.

kwani, ruga, rugo ; a place flourish, intr. v. yalwata.

to which to f. ivurin flow, inti'. V. f. quickly tum- gudu ;

to make to f. rauga ; see budu ; to f . together sqje. drive away. flower, n. fure, pi. furanyi,

flesh, n. nama, pi. namomi, furaye ; a plant with a

namuna; uncooked f. nama thistle-like flower which in danye ; (bush-meat) naman grows cultivated fields

daji ; cooked f . ddfau. (Vernonia perottetii) burzu. flight, n. gudu, guduwa, chiri, flute, n. algaita, algaitu, sare-

fartat*; to put to f. hadajanfi*. wa, sheshe (K.) ; a reed from flint, n. kyastu, ketu, kyetu which flutes are made kusum-

f. in a f. lock gun damishi, buruwa. fly, kankara, dutsim hindiga ; to n. (common house f.) kuda, strike fire kuje, pi. kudaje, with a f. kyastu kudaidai ;

f. wuta ; f. and steel for striking horse gwarje, bobuwa, bar- a light masabi, masebi. baje, damisan dawaki; a float, used by fishermen, made piece of leather placed on

of twigs karu. horses' eyes to keep off flies

flock, n. garke, garge (S.), pi. furtali, futali ; fire-fly dimin

garkuna. dawa ; sand-f. fiffilwa, filfil- flog, tr. V. fyada, fyade, doke, wa, kyafirfita, kiyashi, kudan

buga, yin kurfu, yin buldla, garke ; a large horse f.

fiade. makafon kuda ; dragon-f.

flogging, n. kurafu, kurfu, masu ; a large biting f. karfu*, fyddi, kdshi. tsanji. flood, n. rigyawa, chikowa, fly, intr. v. (of a bird) shawage, L chichikowa, tabki, malala*. jawagi*. ; foal 94 for

foal, n. dukushi, fem. dukusa, marmashi; to gather f. for

pi. dukusai, dan dukushi. the poor tarbata (S.). foam, n. kunfa, kumfa, kwmpa. fool, n. wawa, pi. wawaye, foam, to yin kunfa. hauka, magagachi, afalalu, fodder, kansuwa, kyasuvja ; see badada, bada-bada, dolo, gabo,

grass. hamsoro, limota (S.), loto,ieui. foetus, of animals tdyi. lotuwa ; 7)iai-wauta, mawauta^ fog, n. hdzOj kdsashi. mahaukachi, fem. mahau- adj. da hazo. kachiya, pi. mahaukata foggy, ; fold, n. (for sheep, etc.) garke, foolish talking badagula, they garge (S.), pi. garkuna, turke, talked foolishly sun yi bo-

pi. turdku (K.), turuka (S.), bawa ] a f. who pays without

rugga ; cutting folds of cloth counting ba-turen chacha. kirfawa. foolish, da wawa. fold, tr. V. (cloth, etc.) nimka, foolishness, n. wawanchi, linke, yd/a, yd/o, kunsa, hauka, mabuya, barkwanchi ; kuns/ie, lauya, tdkura. foolish talking badagula folding, (the arms) huku; tawa, gaga (S.).

f. cloth rihiye. foot, n. kdfa, pi. kafafu, kafoji, foliage, n. ganyen itache. kafuna ; a f . regarded as a follow, tr. V. bi ; t a path bi measure of length tdki, pi.

hariya ; to f . in the direction tdke-tdke, tdki-tdki ; a foot-

of the speaker biyo ; following print sau, sawu ; foot- rings

(esp. used of loyalty to a munduwaycn kdfa ; sole of

patron) biyeya, biyawa. f. tajin kdfa, mataki, pi. followers, n. masu-bi. matakai; tendons of f, folly, n., see foolishness. matsarbaje (S.) ; on f . «^ kdfa] fond, adj. tobef . oiyinmarmari. a f. soldier dan-kasa, sa'ati*. fondling, n. act of f. lalaba, footman, e.g. a man who walks in front of a chief's food, n. chima, chimaka, abin- horse zdgi, pi. zaga^i. -

ch% tuwo*, jibi* ; much f. footstool, mataki.

machiya; f. shared in com- for, 1. prep, (for the sake of)

mon chiydya; a calabash domin, don ; for his sake

full of f. kabaki, pi. kabuka dominsa see account ; ; of ; remains of f. sanso, sud% (in view of) ga. . ;

forbearance 95 fortunate

2. conj. (because) /a, zama. forget, tr. v. manche^ shdgala forbearance, n. hankuri, da, yin mantutva, manta. hankura, hakura, hakuri. forgetfulness or forgetting,

forbid, tr. V. dakile, harm. n. mantuwa, sakafchi.

force, n. tllas, karifi ; by f, forgive, tr. v. yafe, yafe ma,

da tilas, til as, dole, doli ; to gafarta, yin gafara, yarda

use f. yin tllas, tilasa (K.), f. me ka yi Tnini gafara. (S.) phr. I was forgiveness, n. tilasda ; gafara, gafar- forced to go na taji tilas or ta.

wajibi ne na tafi. fork, n. (iron toasting f.) rino,

ford, n. mahayi, maketari, rinu ; the f . of a bifurcating

mashigi. stick gofa, gwafa ; a stick

ford, to hayi. with a f. in it itache maigofa. forearm, n. gaba, kusun-hannu, forked, adj., af. stick shishini' bauni (S.), pi. baunukka. ya (S.), shushiniya (K.) ; a f. forefather, n., see ancestor, iron stick on horse's neck forefinger, n. manuni. kasagi. forehead, n. goshi. forlornness, n. kewa, kiwa.

foreign, adj. ajaini* ; f. (i.e. form, n. (shape) kama, supa*, unintelligible) bobawa, bau- sifa.

bawa, pi. bobayi ; i. speech former, adj. nafari; the f....

bauchi. the latter wanchan . . wan- n. Ture*, chan. foreigner, ba-Ture ;

that which pertains to a f. formerly, adv. dazu, dafari; in turanchi. former times na da ; as foresight, tdnadi (S.). in former times kaman na da. foreskin, loba, sulli. fornication, n. shakalichi,fasi- forest, n. rukuki, daji, ddwa ; kanchi.

dense f. kurmi, kurumi, fornicator, Vi.mashakalchi,sha' kumchi*. kali, bambagi, maifasikanchi. forethought, n. hankali, ta- forsake, tr. v. bari, bar. nadi (S.). forthwith, adv. nan da nan, forge, n. (anvil) makera ; worker ana nan, ko yanzu.

at a f. (blacksmith) makeri, fortunate, adj., it was f. ya yi

inai-ktra, pi. mukira, makeri. arziki; to be f. yin daula; forge, tr. V. klra. see lucky. ;; fortune 96 frequent.

fortune, n. (prosperity) arziki, fracture, kariya, karaya ; see

a man of f. mawadachi, pi. break.

f . fragment, n. gutsura, mawadata ; good gamon- pL katar. gutsure, guntu, guntun abu, forty, adj. arhdin. fara (S.) ; f. of broken pots, forward, adv. gaba; to move etc. sakaina, tsingaro (S.),.

a little f. guso, gurguso. katanga.

f. francolin, see foster, mother uwal rufi ; partridge.

f . child dangana* ; one frankincense, n. turare; small

who fosters tallafi, gona box for f. dan lulu ; a tuber

to act as a f. parent tallafa^ from which f. is made kajiji,

taulafa. gajiji ; f. tree hano, ararra- foul, i.e. to make muddy gur- hi. hache. fraud, n., see deceit. foundation, n. gato, gindi; free, adj., one who is f. da^

f. of a wall tushi, tushiya. diya. founded, part, kdfaffe, fem. free, tr. v. hari, hada diyauchiy kafaffiya, pi. kdfaffu. yanchi, ymitas, yauta dUy fountain, n. maromaro, mar- diyanta, yanta, kwankwan- maru. che, sdka, yin sdki, sawanta. four, did], fudu^ hudu (Zanfara), freed, part, hararre, fem. harar- pudu (Daura), arha^a*, arha^ riya, pi. bararru. by fours fudu fudw, four freedom, n, yanchi, diyauchiy each furfudu. diyanchi, diyantaka, sdk% fourteen, adj. goma sha fudu, sawani ; a certificate of f.

shafudu. laya, layan diyauchi ; f . given fourth, adj. na-fudu, fem. ta- to a slave on the death his fudu ; f . day chitta. of master muddhar (S.), fowl, n. kdza, pi. kaji; speckled madabar.

fowls wakewaken kaji; a f. frenzy, n. wdhami, hauka. plucked for cooking shikir- frequent, adj., see often.

kita* \ a place where fowls frequent, tr. v. (visit often)

are kept akurki ; a f . laying expressed by use of kan with

eggs dakwaluwa. verbs meaning to go to ; he fox, n. long-eared f . nyanyawa, frequents the place ya saba yanyawa. da wuri. ;

fresh 97 fruitful

fresh, adj. sdbo, fem. sdbuwa, frog, n. talibambam*,kwado, pi. pi. sababbi; applied to plants, kwaddi, kwadodi ; small dark etc., fem. ganye*, danye, coloured f. warnu ; an edible danya, pi. danyu or danyoyi, f. burdudugi, burtutiki ; tree Friday, n. aljimma, aljimmu'a, f. tsumbe ; bull f. kozo. jumma'a, jummu'a, jinima'a, frog-spit, or cuckoo-spit, kum- jiinniu'a. /a, kakas. fried, part, soyayye, fem, so- from, prep, ddga ; (when fol- yayya, pi. soyayyu. lowed by the personal pro- friend, n. aboki, fem. abokiya, nouns) ddga gare; tun, f. birth abuya, pi. abokai, abokanai, tun haifuwa ; f. within ddga kciwci) masoyi, fem. masoya, chiki', f. afar ddga nesa. pi. masoyu; maso, pi. niaso- front, n. gdba, pi. gdbobi, wa; tsara, kama,ip\. kamanu ; goshi in ; I a gdba ; in f. of dmi-mva, pi. yan-uwa; zumu, gdban; to go in f. tsaitse fem. zumunya, juna, amini*^ go in f . ! ku chi gdba ; he •sahibi*, sahabi*, dangi, got in f. of us ski ya rlga mu. danya, pi. dangogi', makwab- front, to doshi, dosa, doso ; he chi, pi. Diakwabta: friends fronted them ya doshe su. tsarare; my friends yan- frontier, iyaka; a f. town tiwana. kai7i iyaka. friendship, n. abtita, zumun- froth, n. kun/a, kum/a ; f. chi, ztcmunta, halin aboki, skimmed off in making bread, shiriya, dan-dadi-dadi. etc. kulli, kullu ; f . at mouth fright, n. tu7izuru, tunzuruwa, of a dying man dafara. tsoro. frown, intr. v. damre fuska, 1 frighten, tr. v. tsorata, bada yin bakin (or bakar) fuska, tsoro, yin ruba, burga to f. ; jirkitafuska, murtsukafuska. or be frightened Jirgita, frowning, n. hardra*. Jirgiche, razana. fruit, n. (of trees) dan itache, fringe, giraza, geza ; a f . for diyan itache, yayan itache horses' eyes hutali, ; futali, (of grains, etc.) kwara, fiirtali. kwaya; the f. of the earth fro, going to and f. yauchi, diyan kasa, yan kasa. zdgo to ; go to and f. zazzaga, fruitful, adj., an epithet zazzage, kai da kawo. applied to corn mai-ido. R. H. D. fruitless 98 game

is to come) fruitless, adj., e.g. f. toil aikin future, adj. (= that in f., adv. zut wofi. mai-zutva; fry, tr. v. soya. gdba. frying, suya. (S.). fuel, n., see firewood, gadfly, bobuwa, bubu fugitive, n. gujaje, mai-gudu, gag, n. majanga. n. riba; unlawful g. korarre, pi. korarru ; inaguje, gain, to maguji, pi. magudane, ma- kura, riba, haramiya ; guda. make unlawful g. chin riba, chin kura. Fulah, pr. n., a F. native chin haramiya, ba-Fillache, ba-Fillata, ha- gall, n. madachi, saifa, dwatana, bladder Fillatana, Fulata, pi. Fillani, ruwan dwatana; g. Fulani; the F. language matsarmama. mai-dauki. Fillanchi, Fulatanchi ; the gallant, F. people Fulhe. gallantry, n. dauki. promise gallop, n. suka, pi. sukaikai; fulfil, to chika ; to £. a cMka alkawali. at a g. a sukwane. V. yin sukuwa, full, adj. cMkakke, fem. cMkak- gallop, intr. sukaya, sukayo, su- kiya, pi. chikakku ; a chike, sukuwa,

(f to kani, sukwani ; a place for fem. a chika, pi. a chiku ; . thehrim)fau; see complete. horses to g. masukwani, /age. place for fulness, n. yayalwachi. galloping, a g. masukwani. funeral, n. biso ; lamentations gambler, n. bakanchi, dan at a f . makoki.

; ba-turen chacha. fungus, a club-shaped f. which chacha see grows on ant-heaps tumukun gambling, n., a game for g. ddra, modi', suri. chacha, alfowa, funnel, mazurari. to throw down money in g.i

wasa da kurdi ; see mu^ furbish, tr. v. (e.g. a sword) yin kuda. zuru. kiriniya, tsalle-tsalle. furrow, n. kwdri, pi. kwaru- gambol, games played game, n. wargi ; ruwa, kwdre (S.), rumaniya ; on by children karkachi, darei to draw a f . karta ; furrows lambe (S.), l(m the cheeks karrara maya{S.). gdre, gyauga, langa, shillalo, tulatuM further, adj. (=more distant) laya, ubulunguwi, runfuki, wdhd mqfi nisa. ;

game 99 giddy

dokin wuya, zure, izgili ; g. gate, n. kofa, pi. kofofi-, gate- played by fortune-tellers in way, see doorway, order to discover secrets gather together, 1. tr. v. tara. dirka; a g. played with 2. intr. v. taru^ gayya. cowry shells dara] a gam- gathered, part, a tara, a taru, bling g. chacha ; a call to tararre, fern, tararra, pi. join in a g. shu, shiyo, or ta7'a7'ru.

shiyu ; a wrestling giimaza g. ; gathering, n., e.g. of people a fencing g. toA;ai, sAaro. before a king kindigaye ; see game, n. (food) naman daji. assembly, gaol, see prison, gaze, n. kallo, tsokachi. gap, e.g. between two teeth gaze at, tr. v. kallo, tsokachi, wishiriya. choka/ihi, dauro, doro^, nuri^, gape, intr. v. yin hamma. (generally in a bad sense) yin gaping, n. hamma. zuru.

garden, n. danga, pi. dangogi gazelle, n., ; see antelope, Jambu, pi. lambuna, aljanna*. generosity, n. baiwa. gardener, n. mai-gona*. generous, adj. da kdra. gargle, n. wanken makoshi genii, n, jinnu ; see demons, gargling, n. kurkura. gently, adv. sanu, sannu, lako- garlic, n. ta/arnuwa, pi. ta- lako, sdko-sdko.

farnai ; taparnuwa. genuine, adj., g. money kurdi garment, n. riga, pi. riguna tsaba.

old garments tsumma, pi. Germany, pr. n. (used in tsummoki, keso, pi. kyassa, North Africa) Bursiya. ragga; see clothes, gesture, a g. expressing dis- gamer, n. (a place for storing approval ambola, dakuwa. grain) rufogo, rafoniya, rum- get, tr. V. samu, same, sami, bu, ru/etva. sama, samo ; g. out ! je ka, garnished, part, gyartache, fem. je ki ; g. along ku yi ta fern, gyartachiya, pi. gyar- tajiya. tattu. ghost, n. fatalwa, m,agiro. ^asp, intr. V. (for breath) yin giant, n. gazaguru.

fuka, shesheka, shasheka; one giddiness, n. gigichi, jiri, who gasps mai-fiichi. hamani. Jasping, n. haki (S.), shashaki. giddy, adj. phr. I am g. kahia 7—2 ;;

gift 100 gnashing

shina kewayewa or ina jin giver, n. mai-bada, mabaya*.

jiri ; to be g. gigita ; to make gizzard, of a bird kundu.

g. dame, ddma. glad, to be, intr. v. yin farin- gift, n. kyauta, kaya, pi. kaya- chiki, yin (or jin) murna. yaki, ahin gaisuwa, haiko gladden, tr. v. bada (or sa)

free g. alheri; g. given to murna, faralta.

conciliate tsaraha, see bribe ; gladiolus, a wild rimana, ru- gifts coll. baiwa. mana. gimlet, n. berlma, mararaki. gladness, n. farin-chiki, m,ur- gin, n. (for animals) tarko. na. gin, n. (a spirit) baraza, barasa. gland, kaluluwa.

ginger, chitafo, chitan Afo. glass, n. mddubi ; a dish made

giraffe, rakumin daji, rakumhi of g. tamgaram,, kwachiya*^ ddwa. pi. kwachaye; a looking-g. gird, tr. V. damre, daure, dam- mddubin ido, matsokachi ; 7'a, yin damdra, darmi*. the sound of falling g. kilin girded, part, damrarre, pi. kilin, Mri kiri, girin-girin.

damrarru. glean, tr. v. kdldta, yin kdla^ girdle, n. damarichiki, damdra^ Tore, yin saura (or sabra). madamrin chiki, tamantaka* gleaning, roro.

a g. made with copper tagula, gleanings, n. (of a harvest)

tugida, tagura ; a g. of cloth kdla, saura*.

taraya ; a woman's g. gyauto, glorious, adj. (of God) jalia*. dan gyauto, jigida; a woman's glory, n. daraja, darajiyaf

g. of beads tsakiya, kwdtana; girma*.

a g. of cowries kiribi. glove, n. rigar hannu. girl, n. yarinya, pi. yam-mata, glue, n. danko*,

diya ; a young g. tantabara. glutton, n. mai-loma, mach% girth, ri. (of a horse) bauji ; a pi. machiya, mai-rida, mafS^

g. strap majayi, kaitaro. lashi, mai-kwa7'aka. give, tr. V. ba, bdda, bashi, gluttonous, zwari. as, baya* to back gluttony, in chi, bay ', g. may zivari,l

bayas da ; to g. up bayas, zari; see greed,

bayar, sallame, bdda, bashi, gnash, tr. v. tamna hakori.

yarda bashi* ; to g. alms gnashing, n. (of teeth) tsu, yin sadaka. hahori. ; ;

gnaw 101 gorge

gnaw, to chisya, chizga, gur- gonorrhoea, chiwon sanyi, yura. masuna, fyauka. go, intr. V. taji, je, zaka, zatsa*, good, adj. ndgari, fem. tdgari,

to be about to go za ; to go pi. ndgargaru, mai-kyau, round a place ziyara, zaga, kyau, kekyawa^ salihi; phr.

zagi ; to go before gahdta, g. or bad fari ko baki ; g. as gabdche ; to go forth fita used an exclamation to ; g.

to go away kau ; to go con- morning sa7iti da safe, sanu

stantly to a place shishiga; da rana; g. evening (on parting) sai da to go as far as tusga, tusge ; safe, (on

go with a person tare ; to meeting) sa7iu da dare ; good- for the present sai go to meet tariye ; go out bye an of night hi albishir fita ; to go by jima ; g. news ; g.

dare ; to go after a wife in news for you albishirinka

order to bring her home a g. disposition kyakyawan

hiko ; phr. go on with what hali; something g. abin ki-

you are doing yi ta yi. 7'iki ; see under sanu. goat, n. akwiya, akuya, akwuya, good-bye, to say ba7i kwana.

pi. aivaki ; he-goat hunsuru, goodness, n. 7iagarta, naga?-- pi. bunsurai or hunsuraye chi, (of ; kyauta ; flavour, etc.)

a young g, hui'guma ; a long- zaki.

haired species of g. huzu- goods, n. dukiya, pi. dukoki

ruvKt ; a speckled gitsawa or dukiyoyi kaya, pi. g. ', kaya-

(S.), gwalande ; a vicious g. yaki; g. for sale haja,faja*',

tvatsatsi^ fem. watsatsiya ; old (property) tarkache.

lean g. guzuma ; a castrated goose, n. dumya, dinya ; a

g. rairo, rero; a g. in milk gore, n. jini.

karduwa. gore, tr. v. (of horned animals) goat-sucker, see night-jar. tu7ie, tunkuda, tunkuji or

God, pr. n. Allah, the plural tunkwiyi, e.g. the bull and allohi is used of idols. the cow gored each the other going, part, tafiya ; they are sa da saniya suka tunkuda

g. suna tafiya ; a g. away junansu ; soka, soke or soki with intens. sossoke. gold, n. zinariya. gorge, n. 1. see throat. ;

gorgeous 102 grandmother

2. (a narrow defile) kwa- salaha; the body of a g. as zazzabo. opposed to the sleeves [han-' gorgeous, adj. (splendid) na nuiva) uwar riga. e.g. robes riguna na grace, n. ado J g. (favour, free gift) ado (or masu-kawa). jinkai, aikin gajhi'a, alheri,

goro-nut, n. goro, pi. gwarra; kyauta ; he showed g. to us see kola-nut. ya yi ma mu alheri. gory, adj. da jini, na jini, sai graceful, da nasiya, da nasiha. gracious, adj. (of God) karimu,

gospels, tlie linjlla. good g. ! haba mana.

gossip, n. 1. (talk) raushi, grain, n. 1. kwara, kwaya, pi.

roshi, tadi, waiwai, algungu- kwarori; g. that springs up of itself manchi, kwarmato, azuzan- ^2/^mro ; g. which has chi, hira. been kept a long time suna ; 2. concr. an idle talker, g. which has been husked

a gossip alguagumi, pi. al- surfe.

gunguma,, azilji, sururi (S.). 2, fig. grains (as of sand) gourd, n., a plant whose fruit barbadi. is either eaten or formed grain, receptacle for, n. taska, into cups and calabashes; pi. taskoki, rufogo (K.), ra- among the various kinds foniya, rufewa (S.), 7'umbu, which are eaten are kahewa tsunjiya.

(K.), kubewa (S.), goji^ kabus, grammar, nahau, nahauri ;

karamiya; among those used one who is learned in g. as vessels are kwariya, korya^ nialamin nahau. kurtu^ masaki, maseki, and grand, adj. (important) babba^

duma ; see also baska, guro pi. manya; mai-girma, pi.

(S.), jallo (K.), tsana (S.). masu-girma. gourds, roots of, coll. n. yado. grandchild, n. jika, fem. govern, v. (rule, reign) mal- jlkanya, pi. jikoki^ jlkannu;

laka; see rule. a great g. tabakunne. governor, n. hdkimi*, pi. granddaughter, n., see prec.

hdkimaij ma^arauchi, wakili grandfather, n. kdka, pi. sariki is sometimes used in kakanni, uban uba, e.g. your

this sense. g. uban ubanka. gown, n. riga, pi. riguna^ grandmother, n. kdkanya. ; ; grandson 103 great grandson, n., see grandchild. (Eragrostis tremula) bum- grapes, forest g. tsibir-kinkini, bu7'uwa, bubbuTwa; a low birbiro, chihir-kiyikini. coarse g. birobiro ; grasp, with the hand, tr. v. a g. eaten by horses gadagi,

junka, rumchi, rumtse, jimke garaji, larnbusu ; a g. for with the arms (to embrace) making brooms tsmtsiya

rungume. plaited g. tsaiiva, tsawa ; a

fig. (covetous, grasping, adj. soft hairy g. yan-hutu ; g. greedy) da rowwa, maro- used for thatching shifchi, tvachi. ydma, yantso, bunu,ip\. bUnai, grasping disposition, n. daudau ; a g. used in making

rowwa, kawazuchi. mortar datsi ; a g. shelter or

grass, n. 1. gen. chiyawa, pi. hut dabi (S.) ; see also bun- chiyayi, yayi, haki, pi. hakii- surun daji, gazama, karareyo,

kutua ; green g. chiyawa, machara (K.), tuji (Eleusine da7iye, haki, pi. hdkuiva; indica), burgu (Panicum sp.),

green g. which has recently harkiya or harikiya ( Digitaria sprung up tsatse (S.). debilis), 2. spec, of various kinds grasshopper, dindiba, dun-

and uses : Bermuda or dub- kurkuda; green g. askalaya

; g. kiri-kiri or tsirkiyar zomo ; (S.) spotted g. ivukar sariki

comb fringe g. gude-yude', (lit. king's knife).

cuscus g. or Vetiver g. jema ; gratitude, maida girma.

elephant g. yambama, ham- gratuitous, adj. banza. n. kushewa, kusheya*, banui, dawar kada \ prickly grave,

bur g. karangiya] Spanish pi. kusheyi, kushewoyi, ma-

reed g. gabara ; a grass used kwanchi, kdbari, kabri, wurin

for filling cushions roba, pi. I bisne, vnirin kushewa.

roboba, robuna ; a g. append- gravel, n. tsdkuiva.. age worn by certain pagan graze, v. 1. tr. kiwo. \

tribes takatsara ; dried or I 2. intr. of cattle id.

chopped g. for horses in- grease, n. mai. girichi or ingirochi; un- greasy, to be or become ndshe,

j dried g. as fodder karisuwa, ndshi.

kyasuwa, komayya ; a g. great, adj. 1. (both physically

eaten in times of famine ! and morally) babba, pl.manya ; great 104 grief

or maya, mai-girma, da gir- algasUy tsamva, chamva ; dark

ma ; a g. king sariki habba g. kore, fem. koriya, pi.

or hahhan sariki; very g. kwarrai ; light g. kore-kore

(very important) manya g. esp. applied to g. dyed manya. leather korino.

2. (quantitatively and of 2. (fresh) of plants etc.

degree) da yawa. danye or danyi, pi. danyoyi,

3. spec, applied to God danyu.

jalla*, jalala*, dkhar*. greet, tr. v. 1. gaida, gaishe,

4. of one in authority as gaisa, yin/awo, e.g. I greeted a king or prince madau- the man and he accepted my kaki. greeting na gaida mutum ya great, to declare g., v. 1. (to karbagaisuivata ; we g. muna

honour) girmama. gaisuwa; I g. thee a gaishe

2. kabbar*, e.g. to declare ka.

that God is g. kabbar ga 2. (of religious salutation)

allah akbar. yin salatu ; we g, muna

3. to be g. bunkdsa, kasaita. salmawa. greater, adj. comp. mafi-girma, 3. to g. by shaking the

pi. masu-fi-girma ; in the hand jinjina ; to wave or absence of superl. forms the extend the hand in greeting

idea is expr. by phr. ya fi mika hannu, e.g. I greeted duka or ya fi kowa appended them with my hand and to the adj.; he was greater departed na mika ma su

than he ya fifiche shi. hannu na tafi. greatness, n. gii'ma, zati. greeting, n. gaisuwa. greed, n. rowwa, marowwachi, grey, e/b, turning g., as from tsumulmula (K.). age furfura. greedy, adj. da rowwa, zargi, grief, n. 1. (pain of mind, bahilchi, mayinchi, hadamaj sorrow) naddm^a, ladwma.

kanwa, kwalama, Tnachi, 2. (cause of pain or sorrow) zwari, makwadaita, mai-kwa- wahala.

; raka^ ma/dlashi, mai-kur- 3. (expression of grief)

musu*, marowwachi. ktika, e.g. he made great green, adj. 1. (the colour) al- g. over him ya yi kuka gashi, fem. algasa, pi. algasai, dayawa a bisansa. grieved 105 guard

grieved, be, intr. v. wahalda, hi* without g. (or grounds) jin tvahala. habu sabahi.

grimace, a gwalo, kogatna^ 3. (first principle or founda- zumde. tion) gutsu.

grind, tr. v. 1. gen. nika, tusa, ground, to (of a boat) kdfa.

tushe, reda, ddka, intensive ground, pass, participle 1.

to g. to powder dadddka, (finely) raushi, roshi, rabshi.

dandaka, dadddga ; to g. 2. (roughly) da tsaki ;

tliorouglily harza ; to g. rice badly ground flour barzo.

etc. tingama. ground-nut, n., i.e. Arachis

2. (to whet or sharpen) hypogaea gyada ; a smaller icasa, gyarta. species of g.-n. gujiya, pi.

grinding, of wheat, n. esp. used giijiyoyi,gujeye; oil extracted of regrinding harzawa, tushi. from g.-n. man gyada. grindstone, mawashi, niki barwa, ; grouse, sand-g. kwanta-

a stone for smoothino; a ff. toi, suivaka, ladin rogo.

niakodi. grow, intr. V. 1. of plants fc'ira,

grip, to kivaktvume, damka ; to tsire, tsiro, chira.

g. ihQthrosAjkwakwurtiewuya. 2. to increase in size girma^ gripe, tr. v. (of medicine) yin girraa.

nturda. 3. to g. (i.e. to become)

gristle, n. gurunguntsi. zama ; to g. old tsufa.

i groan, intr. v. yin nishi. growing, mdtdshi. groaning, n. 7ii8hi. growl, to (of a lion) babhaki.

groom, n. 1. shamdki, pi. sha- growling, gurnani, ruri. g Qnakai, dan muri, dan turke. grown, full g. rikakke, kasai- I 2. (bridegroom) ango, pi. tache.

1^ angu7ia. gruel, n., made of guinea-corn grope, V. lalahe, ondmare thin salala. ; (to kunu ] a g. search one's way with the grumble, v. yin gunaguni, yiii hands in the dark) burkuti, guri, yin bimbirii. bidkuchi, dundumi. grumbling, n. bimbini, bibiyii, ground, n. 1. (surface of the zargi, gunaguni.

earth) kdsa ; on the g. a kdsa grunting, (of a pig) n. tsinua.

or I I a kas ; hard flat g. kekuwa. guarantee, to lamunta. 2. (cause) sabahi or suha- \ guard, n. 1. (heed, care) tsari, guard 106 gums

e.g. be on your g. against or grey g.-c. with close- ka nema tsari. growing head ja7ijare; husks

2. (soldier of king's body- of g.-c. kwardo ; g.-c. pod

guard) dakare, pi. dakaru, tsirgagiya ; an intoxicating

dogari, pi. dogarai. drink made from g.-c. giya; guard, tr. V. tsdra, tsdri, tsdre, g.-c. fever, occurring when tsdro, batdka, ritse, rutse, ratse. the g.-c. ripens chiwo na mai-tsari, mai-tsaro. guardian, sabon ddwa ; g.-c. which has guard-room, jam*, jarum*. sprung up in an unsown guest, n. hako, fern, bakuwa, farm kakarya ; see badawa, pi. bakuna, baki or bakokuna. dan-jigdwa, gangariya, malle, guide, n. jagaba, shugaba, pi. shinkafar-talaka. shugabai, koranga (K.), ma- guinea-fowl, n. zabo, fem. jan-hanya, zabuwa, pi. zabi, kazar yor guide, tr. V. (lead, conduct) raba ; cry of the g.-f. kilkal, kai, bida, bishe ; (to instruct) kukui. galgade, gargadi. guinea-pig, beran turawa. guile, n. munafuchi, munafun- guinea-worm, n. kurkmm,

chi, or manafuchi ; (cunning) girgamo ; a small plant used wayo, with g. da wayo. as a medicine for g. dama7t- guilt, n. laiji. kdda, dumankdda; a swell- guiltless, adj. babu laifi, maras- ing caused by g. hangara,

laiji. guitar, n., a kind of kofsa. guilty, to declare, v. kada, gullet, n. janai (S.), janyaro

bada laiji, kayas*. (K.). guinea-corn, n. ddwa (Sor- gully, a dry g. kozazzabe, kwa- ghum vulgare), tsaba (S.), zazzabo. gero*. There are four chief gum, n. danko, jirai; spec, a

kinds of ddwa : kaura used g. put in ink kdro ; a g. used for feeding horses, fara/ara, in perfumes karon maje,

farfara used when ground ba/ur ; gum-bearing trees for making gruel, murmura chiriri, dakwara, duli, dum- or muramura* eaten whole she, dundu, karkara, kwwi^s when cooked, giwakamba kwara, fara kaya, taura. used as a medicine for rub- gums, n. (seat of the teeth) bing on the eyes; the red ddsashi (K.), dasori (S.).

d ; ; gun 107 hairy

gun, n. bindiga, pi. hindigogi; tallata, yin talla ; see bar-

adakka* ; a double-barrelled gain.

g. bindiga da baki (or mai- haggling, talla. n. kankara, ruwa da baki) biytt, tagwayen bindiga ; hail,

to load a g. dora or chika kankara.

! exclamation = welcome ! bindiga \ to discharge a g. hail ^rt/6i (or A«/6e or buga) bin- sanu, a gaishe ka, sai lafiya. pi. diga ; flint of a g. kankara, hair, n. gashi, gasusuwa dutsim bindiga; report of a spec, head of h. when cut

g. kdrar bindiga, dmo ; a oS suma ; h. on the cheeks

flint-lock g. mai-kamsir, man- saje ; h. of tail of horse, etc. tsagiya abun- tampas (S.) ; a maxim g. elephant, ;

niai-ruwa* ; a long-barrelled dance of h. gizo ; absence of

Arab g. sawaila, tsaicila. h. on head kundumin kai; gunpowder, n. albarus or long ridge of h. left in

albarushi. shaving shasanda ; tuft of h. gush out, intr. v. zuba, zubo in the middle of head zanko',

to g. out abundantly gushe- h. of woman plaited bijaji,

gushe. bujaji, buji-buji ; h. worn by gusset, n. tsiimma, pi. tsum- women in curls down their

; moki ; cloth g. in a tobe cheeks kitso twisted locks shiga. of woman's h. at side of face h. gypsum, n. aljibus, alzibus. dauri ; grey h.furfura; on

cheeks and upper lip washefe ; habit, n. ta'ada, tdda (S.), pi. h. tied in knots with a ridge tadodi, ada, hali, kabiya*, in the middle shetambuwa sabo*, the last especially of a head of h. sura* (S.); a aptitude acquired by practice, tuft of h. of a young man

phr. nothing can be done toliya ; the h. came off gashi except by practice aikin ya tushe. n. duniya duka sai sabo ; see hairdresser, mai-kitso, fem. habituated. makitsiya, wanzami, raai- habitation, n. mazamni. kcdmishiya. habituated, to be, intr. v. hairy, adj. da gashi, e.g. its saba constr. with da. face is all h. /uskassa duk da haggle, intr. v. yin chiniki, gashi or fuskassa sai gashi ; ; half 108 handle

a h. person galgasa, gargasa-. muntalaga ; h. of a gun

h. all over duguza. kundma. half, n. shashi, sJiashe, sashe, hammock^ rdga*.

rdbi, nusuji* ; h. a piece of hand, n. 1. hdnnu, pi. hdnnu-

cloth, paper, etc. ausagi, bare. wa, hanndye ; the right h. hall, n., entrance h. zaure, pi. dama or hannu na dama zauruka. the left h. hagum, hagu, halt, adj. gurgu, pi. guragu, hauni, hannu na hagum or

makasari. hannu na hauni ; the palm halt, intr. V. 1. (to limp) yin of the h. tdfin hdnnu; the gurgunta. back of the h. bayan hannu.

2. (to stop marching, to 2. of place or direction,

stand still) tsayi, tsaya, tsai. right h. dama, wajen dama ;

3. spec, to h. for the night left h. ha^um, hagu, hauni

shida or shide. or wajen hagum,, etc. ; of

4. fig. to h. between two time, at h. kusa, da kusa ;

opinions yin zuchiya to raise the h. chira hannu ; halter, n., also a leading-rope see hands. for horses, etc. dsalwayi, handed, left-, adj. bahago. rdgama. handful, n. (of mud, flour, etc.) churi, damka,jimki; halting, n. tsayi ; (limping) du7ikule, gurgunta, gurvnunta, gur- to take a h. jimke, chura, gunchi. chibra (S.), damke, dimtso, halting-place, for the night, jimka. n. zango, mashidi, the last handkerchief, n. mahar^na, in the sense of a lodging maharama, adiko, mai-yani,

or khan ; spec, temporary h. mayani ; spec, a h, on for carriers loko. woman's head kallabi; h. to

halve, tr. v. bare, bara ; in less bind round woman's head strict sense (to divide) raba. alfuta, pi. alfutai. hamlet, unguwa, anguwa, handle, n. mariki, pi. marika,

tunga, pi. tungaigai. makdm,a, madauki, maratayi ; bakin gatari, bota hammer, n. kwarikwasa* -, a h. of axe

blacksmith's h. masdba, pi. (Kats.), kota (K.) ; h. of box

masdbai ; a large h. ama- makama, kota, zoben kaya.

deshi* ; a small h. matalaga, handle, tr. v. tdba. hands 109 hartebeest

hands, to clap the, v. tafa^ taji, 2. (in a religious sense)

tahi (S.) ; to shake h. yi7i sa^ada*. 7nusajiha, ban hannu. happy, feel, intr. v. jin dadi.

hands, a man with his h. tied harass, tr. v. tsananche, tsananta.

to his neck, n. kukumtache^ hard, adj. 1. phys. tattaura,

pi. kukumtattu ; the tying of fem. tattauriya, da tauri,

; ; a man's h. kukumi, kunkumi ; tsandauri see seq. also shaking h. niasctfiha, musajiha. morally hard, obstinate.

handsome, adj. da kyau, mai- 2. (difficult of accomplish- kyau; a building h. to look ment, etc.) da wuya.

at gida da kyaun gani. harden, 1. intr. v. (to become hang, tr. v. rataya^ rataye, hard) yin tauri, taurare.

yin rataya ; to h. up rataya, 2. tr. V. to h. taurata,

yin rataya ; to h. up meat tsaurata, yin tauri. done, kere. hard-headed, n. (an obstinate hanging, n. (curtain, etc.) reto, person) 7iiai-kinji, mai-taurin rataya. ziichiya. hanging, n. (e.g. h. up of hardness, n. tauri, tsauri curtains) yaiii. (Zanf.); also in a moral sense, hanging, 1. adj. (suspended) e.g. taurin zuchiya h, of heart.

a rataye. hare, n. zomo, pi. zomai.

2. part, ratayawa. harlot, n. shakaliya, pi. sha- hank, of yarn sulu (S.). kalai sarkachiya, ; bombegi* ; happen, intr. v. 1. afku, ahkti, child of harlot dan-farka. faru, e.g. it happened ya harlotry, n. sakarchi,shakalchi.

faru, what has happened ? mi harm, n. banna, laiji, e.g. there

yafaru ? is no h. in it babu laiji.

2. (i.e. befall) same, saina, harm, tr. v. hata, bache, sami, sam,o, guddna, e.g. Harmattan wind, iskan buda. what has happened to you? harpoon, n., for river fishing is (i.e. what the matter with zdgo, hagu, margi ; an iron- ' you 2) mi ya same ka ? tipped h. fired from a gun happiness, n. 1. (satisfaction) sango.

dadi, dadin zuchiya, alheri, hart, n., see deer. m,urna*, fdrin'chtki, gatan- hartebeest (Damaliscus Sene- chi galensis) dari ; West African harvest 110 hawk

h. kanki, pi. kanoki, kan- hate, n. kiyeya, kiyaiya, kiyo, kuna, kiwo.

harvest, n. girhi, (i.e. the hate, tr. V. ki, kiya*. season) kaka. hater, n. ag. makiyi, pi. makiya. harvest, to cut down the, v. hatred, kiyaiya, see anger. girba; see reap. haughtiness, n. fddin rai, haste, n. sauri, samri, anniya, fddin zuchiya, girman kai, garaje. girman rai, homa,foma, toma. hasten, intr. v. yin anniya, haughty, adj. da gh-man rai, hanzarta (K.), hamzarta, tomo.

hamzanta (S.), kwarare, gau- haul, tr. \.ja.

gata, gagauta, gagawa ; to h. haunch, n. (of a cow) kwan-

after zazari ; h. to catch up kwaso.

ku chika; to h., i.e. to ac- Hausa, pr. n., the Hausa nation, celerate hamzarta. country, language Hausa; a hastening, n. garaje, gaugawa. H. native ba-Haushe, pi. hastily, adv. da sauri, da Hausawa; the H. language hamzari. Hausa, magaua Hausa, hal- hat, straw, n. gurumfa, garwm- shen Hausa, after the manner

fa, garunfa ; a large straw of the Hausas Hausanchi, h. mdlafa, malfa, pi. mala- I understand H. ina jin

funa, malafai ; dan gurumfa mxagana Hausa, to speak H. designates a small trader, yin magana Hausa; see who carries goods on his language,

head ; see cap. have, tr. v. (to possess) na da, hatch, tr. V. kyankyashe, kyan- ke da, also expr. by ga (to),

or with pronouns gare, e.g. I hatchet, n. gdtari, pi. gdtara, h. a friend named Hassan ina gdtura, gdturuwa,gdfiya,wal- da aboki sunansa Hasan, a

wada, warwada ; small h. certain man has a camel

dan gatari ; handle of a h. wani mutum, shina da raku-

bakin gatari ; spec, small h. m,i, we h. mu ke da, I h. for cutting grass for fodder much money kurdi dayawa kurdda, kuradda] h. with gare ni.

broad blade barandami, tsi- haversack, amasai. taka. hawk, n. shirwa, pi. shirwoyi, ; hay 111 health

or shirwuiia, karamdta, tan- head-dress, n. rawani, pi. rawunna (of a woman) karki, tsinkaki, shahu*, shafo ; ; swoop of a h. hara^ sura. fatala, patala. hay, n. haro, ingirichi, in- headlong, adj. and adv. da girochi. gangara; to fall h. sulla da haze, n. hazo, kdsashi. kai,fada da kai. hazel nut, n, chanza. headman, 1. (of a village, hazy, adj. da hazo, place, etc.) sariki or sarki, he, pers. pron, sh% ya^ yi, q.v., dagachi, pi. dagatai,

shi is emphatic and used as kunduda, makwayo, haki-

separate pron. before ya, e.g. mi^. but my brother he saw her 2. (of a caravan) mad^igu, afar off amma kanena shi ya pi. Tuadugawa. heal, tr. v. warke, gan ta da nesa, it is also used warkad da ; with dependent clauses and pass, to be healed warke and

is in the pass, form, e.g. remain wishes ; ya used the aorist and in impersonal ex- here until he be healed ku

pressions as ya isa it is zamna a wurin nan sai ya enough. warke or sai a warke shi. head, n. 1. (of animated beings) healed, particip. (h. in body kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana, or restored in mind) warkak- kawuna. ke, fem. warkakkiya, pi. war-

2. (chief point or substance kakku. of a statement) kai. healing, warkasuwa.

3. (chief person) see chief; health, n. (i.e. good h.) Idfiya;

back part of h. keya ; a man in h. Idfiya and da lafiya, whose h. protrudes at the frequently used in salutations,

back mai-kyeya) a person e.g. are you in h. ? kana with a large h. mai-kai Idfiyal answ. in very good standing on the h. rimi; to h. Idfiya lau ; to be in good

hang the h. sunkwiya da kai h. yin Idfiya ; to improve in (K.); leaning h. the on the h. jin dama, warware ; re- hand in token of distress storation to h. afuwa; he tagumi. recovers his h., he becomes headache, n. chiwon-kai, jiri, better ya samu afuwa (or jeri. lafiya), ya ji rangwame ; one ;

healthy lis height

in bad h., sick, a patient heave, tr. v., to h. a sigh aje maras-lafiya. zuchiya, yin sheda. healthy, adj. lafiyaye. heaven, n. sdma, pi. samaniya, heap, n. taro or taru, pi. tarori, samraai, samomi, gidan da-

tuli or tulli, pi. tuloli, kitila; wama ; h. and hell (the after- a h. of branches, etc. zuhugi. world) lahii^a; the Moham- heap up, tr. V. hada^ dora medan paradise aljanna. spec, to h. up earth round heaviness, n. (great weight)

Y)\a,nts /i7'i,furi, yin maimai, nauyi. q.v. heavy, adj. da nauyi, mai- hear, tr. v. ji. nauyi. heart, n. 1. (the bodily organ) heddles (of a loom), allera,

zuchiya, pi. zukata, zuchiyoyi, annera (S.). zutochi or zukochi, gaba*. hedge, n. (fence) darni, danga,

2. (the feelings) zuchiya^ dam/dmi, shimge, shinge, pi. e.g. zuchiyata ta hache my h. shimgaye, kiliya. n. was broken ; to be cut to the hedgehog, hushiya, baushi-

h. jin zafin zuchiya ; to learn ya, babagumi.

by h. samu harda ; to know hedges, a plant used in making, h. yin harda, n. Jidda sartse, bi-ni-da-zugu, by hardache ; to say off by h. yin chi-ni-da-zugu. tulawa ; they lost h. hankullansu heed, n. tsdri ; take h. iiema duka SU71 tashi. tsdri. heartburn, kwamafi, kwan- heed, v. 1. (to take notice tiaji. of anything) kula, tuna, heartless, adj. magaya or ma- tunane, all constr. with da.

gauchij pi. magauta or magata. 2. (to attend to what is heat, n. zdji, zufa ; spec. h. of said) saurara, ji ; spec, to the sun gumi. take h. to an agreement, etc. heathen, n. arne, pi. asna, azna, damre magana.

arna ; kafiri, pi. kafirai and heel, n. dudduge or diddigi,

kajirawa ; majusi, pi. majusa- duga-duga, pi. dugadugai, wa] ba-Maguje, yil.Maguzawa. dunduniya. heathenism, n. kajlrchi*, ka- heifer, karsana.

furchi*, halin kafirai''^, as- height, n. tsawa, tsawo, tsai,

nanchi, aznanchi, arnanchi. tsayi, hawa, e.g. it is three ; heir 113 herb

cubits in h. tsawonsa kamu shafe', to make a h. kalmd- nku. sa, kalmashe; to h. round heir, n. magadi, magaji, pi. ddje. magata, magada, mdmayi ; hemorrhoids, bdsur. h. to the throne chiroma, hemp, African bowstring h.

yarima ; h. to the throne moda; Indian h. rama. inajirmi gado, at Kano wam- hen, n. kdza, pi. kaji ; a hen hai, daudu, dauda ; to have laying eggs dakwaluwa, da- as h., i.e. to be succeeded kivaliva ; the Hen and by gdda da. Chickens constellation which Hejira, the, n. hijira. appears when the rainy season held, particip. rikakke, fern. is coming kaza mai-yaya or rikakkiya, pi. rikakku. kaza da yaya. lell, n. jahannama,jahima', h. hence, adv. ddga nan, ddga and heaven (the future wurin nan. world) lahira. hen-coop, n. akurkin kdza, lell-fire, n.jahlma. akurki. lelmet, n. biishiya, kwalkwali, henna, lalle.

her, 1. possess, pron. suffixed lelp, n. tamayi, taimako, tai- to a masc. n. -nta, suffixed

makawa, sauki, agaji, agaza, to a fern. n. -Ita, -Ha, e.g. shalli, tanyo (Zanf.) ; h. es- h. daughter diyarta, h. camel pecially in war gudummuwa, rakuminta; used separately (judummawa, gudunmawa if the object possessed is to ask for h. zukatta ; to masc. nata, if fern, tata, see obtain h. samu sauki ; to H. Grammar; these stand send h. koro sauki. also for Engl, 'hers.' lelp, tr. V. taya, tanya (S.), 2. pers. pron. objective tanye, tanyo, yin taya, tai- suffixed to verbs and preps. /naka, taimaki, taimake, -ta, e.g. he saw h. ya gan ta, tamaya, yin taimako, agaje, to h. gare ta ; and separate yfcuki, sauwaka, sawaka, yin (after prepositions) ita, e.g. shalli to ask for ; h. gdyato. he returned along with h. ya lelper, n. ag. mataimaki, ma- komo tare da ita. tanyi, abokin tayo. herb, n. (green blade) ganye, lem, n. lafi or lafe shafi, fern, ganya, pi. ganyaye.

K. H. D. ;;

herd 114 hinder

herd, n. garke*^ gO'i^g^ (S.), pi. kilabo, kirgi, the latter used garkuna. of h. after tanning, the un- herdsman, n. makiyayi, pi. tanned h. is called fata. makiyaya, makyayi^ pi. mak- hide, 1. tr. V. rufe, rufi or rife*, yaya. boye, boyi, sakaye, sulle.

here, adv. nayi, a wurin nan, 2. intr. v. (to hide oneself) ddga nan, the latter also = boye, boyi, Idbe (S.), rabe (K.), h., this point, e.g. from from fake, see ambush ; to h. do you know the way from behind a person in fear

h. ka sani hanya ddga nan rafake, ranfake, rampaki ; to

ko? h. oneself boyo ; to h. right hereditary, an h. profession, away or completely bobboye. chinikin gida. hiding, n. boyewa. heretofore, adv. (until now) hiding-place, n. maboya, mar

har yanzu ; li. I have not boyi, mafaka, fako* ; a place heard this dadai ban ji for hiding or laying up any-

wannan ha ; as h. kaman thing ma-aje, ma-aji.

na da ; see ever, higgle, V. talla"^. hermit, mai-halwa*, mai-kiya- high, adj. dogo, fem. doguwa, mal du7iiya*, suji*. pi. dogaye, da tsawo. hero, gamzo. hill, n. tudu, pi. tudodi or heron, n. zarbi, zarbe, zalbi tnduna, tsauni, pi. tsaunoni,

great white h. or egret /arm tsaunaye, tsaununa ; a h,

zarbi ; see egret, covered with sand jiggawa\ hers, separ. possess, pron. nata, or jigawa, pi. jigawoyi or I

lata ; see her. jigawuna ; hillock burji. hesitate, intr. v. yin zuchiya biyu. himself, pron. both emphatic hesitation, n. zuchiya biyu. as shi da kansa, and also hiccough, n. shdkuwa, chiwon reflexive, e.g. pro v. he who shdkuwa. weeps for another weeps for hid, to be, v. boye^ boyi. h. kowa shi ke kuka da wani hidden, particip. boyaya, boyu, shi kuka da kansa.

rufaffe, fern, rufaffa, pi. hinder, adj. na-baya, fem. ta- rufaffu. baya. hide, n. kildgo, pi. kildgai hinder, tr. v. hdria, kwahe hip-bone 115 hold

kwaha, kwabo^ laruranta, hoe, n. fatanya, fartanya, hau- tankosa, tankwasa. ya, pi. hauyu, hauyuna or hip-bone, n. kdtara. hauyoyi, mashemi, kyante, hippopotamus, n. dorina, pi. kuruga; spec, a large h. dorinai or dorinnaA. bent like small plough galma hire, n. (wages) lada, sufuri, (S.), garma (K.) ; a long-

kwadigo, dan kwadigo ; a blade kumbu, kumbuwa ; a h. person seeking h. mai-koda; with long handle and broad to work for h. yin sufuri. blade used for cutting stubble hire, tr. v. yin sufuri^ sufurche, kwasa ; a h. used as a dibble xufurta^ sufurchi, jinyanta, sungumi. ijarta. hoe, tr. v., to dig or stir the hiring, n. ijarchi. ground noma, nomi, nome, his, possess, pron. suffixed to chira, furi, firi, fuda, huda ; a masc. n. -nsa, suffixed to a to cut down grass with a h. fern. n. -ha, -rsa, e.g. h. shema ; the first hoeing after camel rakuminsa, h. mare sowing gwarzo (S.), turbe, godiyarsa , ; as separate pron. chirbe (Z.) ; the first hoeing if the object possessed is before sowing kaflu, kabtu, masc. nasa or nai, if fern. kufurtu ; clearing ground for tasa or tai. hoeing zdfa (S.). liss, intr. v. yinfuchi. hoed, nomamme, fern, nomam- aissing, n. shishita ; of snakes miya, pi. nomammu. fuchi. hog, n., see pig. listory, tdriyo*. hoist, to h. a flag chira tuta lit, tr. v., see strike, bisa. lither, adv. nan*, ga wurin hold, tr. V. rika, rike, riki, nan*. riske, riski, ruska, aje*, e.g. 10 ! interj. to call attention he held the door ya aje kofa; kai. to h. fast in the mind rike, loard, to tsimi da. rika, riki ; to lay h. on kama lobble, a rope ; used to h. to h. up at arm's length duga ; horses, n. dabaibayi, dahai- to h. back turke, zamne* ; to hiya (S.), tabaibayi, tarndki. h. the breath hadiye {hade hobgoblin, n.fatalwa. or d^uki) lumfashi. 8-2 ; holding fast 116 horn holding fast, n. rikawa. honey, n. zummuwa, zuma, hole, n. rami, rame (S.), pi. ruwan zummuwa ; a stick of ramuna, 7'amu, kwarmi, pi. h. algarwai. kwarmu, hariya or hahhariya honey-guide (bird), gunda, (^'),f(^ff<^90,fago,fuji, kurfi, maganiya, dan zuma. pi. kurfofi, kurfu, pampama honour, n. yabo, daraja, daror

(S.),mashiga, sdra ; h. for game jiya, manyanchi, mayanchiy to fall into hdko, pi. hdkoki, girma, daukaka.

hima ; a h. for dung kwakwari, honour, tr. v. yin yabo, gir-

masaiy saiga ; a back entrance mama, bdda girma, ba (or

to a fox or rat h. buga ; a h. in bdda) daraja. which grain is planted kam/a; honoured, participial adj. ya-

a h. in a wall kus/a, kusuwa babbe, fern, yababba, pi. ya- (S.); h. where dirty water babbu.

is thrown katami, kwatami ; hoof, n. kofato, pi. kofatai.

a h. to look out at taga ; h. hook, n. kugiya, pi. kugiyoyi

for storing corn tsunjiya ; h. or kugiyuna ; large wooden made in nose of ox for rope h. kwandariya; hooks on a

a^sirka, zari ; h. for entrance fishing-line, coll. mammari,

kofa ; h. in a seam hardka Tnurumurw, a fish h. fatsa, to make many holes huhuda, kugiyar fatsa.

fuffuda. hook, to h. on to kalgame (S.);l hollow-backed, adj. gantsar- to stick with h. a makdta. \ wa. hoopoe, chigi da tukku, katutu.

holy, adj. da tsarki ; a holy hop, to h. on one foot, intr. v, man sharif. lange, bira, dira. homage, n. chaffa, chappa, hope, n. bege, see expectation

mubaya, mabaya. hope, intr. v. yin bege, ta- homage, to do (by kneeling tnaha, yin tamaha. down) intr. v. durkusa, yin hopping, n. langa, lange. chaffa. hopping, n. dire; a h. gani< home, n. gtda; at h. chlkin shillalo. gida. horn, n. kdfo, pi. kafoni an( honest, adj. mai-gaskiya, da kaJio (a trumpet kafuna, ;

1 gaskiya ; an h. man mutumen kdfo, waza; a cow with a gaskiya. growing downwards saniy ; ;

hornbill 117 hot

mai-dauri ; without horns chikasaura, chikasabra ; strap

diigumi. round h. head maraya ; h. hornbill (Bucorvus pyrrhops), breast-band dan gdba; h.

i^round h. burtu ; African h. breast-strap fastened to

chilikowa shamo, saddle majayi ; h. cloth put ; shamuwa ;

.see also ka-ki-ganin Allah. under saddle kafio ; a disease homed, da kd/o. of h. foot just above the hoof

hornet, n. rina, pi. rinoni, ala/a ; a skin disease in a h.

rinainai. simiriya ; a disease on legs of

horse, n. doki, fern, godiya, a h. tijo ; a medicine poured

pi. dawaki, dawakai ; spec. into h. mouth chushe ; a

young h. sdji, safe, fern. place for horses shamdki, pi. mjiya', dukushi, fem. dukusa, shamdkai; a h. disease which

pi. dukusai ; old lean h. causes the hair to fall off

guzuma, gwahta ; war h. in- dasusu ; a runner in front of h. gurgure. gavTna, pi. ingarmu ; a h. a that walks with its ankles horseback, on, adv. phr. bisa

on ground mai-takin n ; a (or bisan) doki ; a man on h.

h. with a hollow back doki mai-doki, pi. masu-doki ; to

mai-lotso ; a bay h. furde, mount on h. hau bisa doki sari; a black h. akaivali, to take exercise on h. ki-

kyara, kiyara ; a speckled lisa.

' black and white h. chichiro horse-fly, n. barbaje ; also i a brown h. aharas, ahara- called damisan dawaki being shi, fem. aharasa; a cream- spotted like a leopard ; a

coloured h. akaza; a light large buzzing h. gwarje.

brown h. gunya, sira (S.) ; a horseman, n. mai-doki, pi. bay or dun h. sari; white- masu-doki.

faced h. hola ; a white h. horse-raddish, tree (Moringa

I • Mlij fem. kiliya ; a roan h. pterj^gosperma) zogalagandi.

bidi, dandas saki ; a black hospitality, to show h. yin and white h. kilikamya (S.), bakonchi.

• aheji ; h. speckled white with host, n., entertainer mai-md-

black alshafi, fem. alshafa. shidi, mai-masabki ; a great I Horse's harness, diseases, multitude babban taro. 'I etc. : small bells on h. head hot, adj. da zafi, dumi, da dumi, ;; ; hot-tempered 118 hue

dimi, da dimi ; h. water top of h. or upper storey of h.

ruwan zafi or ruwan dumi ; kan daki; a desolate ruined it is h. (of the weather) rana h. kango, pi. kangogi, kanda dumi; the h. or dry gaye; all the people belong-

season rani ; the hottest part ing to one h. kabila ; master

of the dry season just as the of h. mai-gida ; a flat-roofed rains are beginning bdzara h. soro (K.), pi. soraye.

the h. month at end of rains household, n. gida ; father of

agazari (K.), agajeri (S.). the h. ubangida, fern, uwal- hot-tempered, mai-jaji. glda or uwargtda. hound, n., see dog. householder, n. mai-gida. hour, sa^a] the hours of the hovering, (of a bird) shaivdgi, da}^ are only reckoned ap- jewa. proximately by the Hausas, how, adv. 1. interrog. kaka.

they are : jijiji the twilight 2. rel. kaka, kanda, yaya just before the dawn; assuba (S.), wdda, ydda, yadda; h.

or azuha* the dawn; hantsi dost thou know ? kaka ne ka

two hours after dawn, i.e. sani; h. are you going to

circ. 8 a.m. ; walaha circ. manage 1 kaka za ka yi ; h.

10 a.m. ; rana tsdka or tsdkar long 1 har yaushe, tun yaushe

rana mid-day ; zawal circ. h. many? nawa or guda

2 p.m. azuhur^ azahar, time nawa; h. much ? nawa phr. ; ;

of the call to prayer, circ. 2 or h. many persons were there ?

2.30p.m.; la'asar 4: to b p.m.; mutum, nawa ke nani h. magariba or magarub just long will it be before you

before sunset ; mareche late in finish? sai yaushe za ka

the evening; almauru, lisha gama 1

very late in the evening ; dare however, 1. rel. adv. (in

time between lisha and jiji/i. whatever manner) ko kaka. house, n. glda, pi. gidaje, 2. adversative conj. (but)

gidadaji, shigifa, pi. shi- bari dai ; fache*.

gi/u and shigifoji ; a four- howl, intr. v. yin kuka, yin cornered thatched h. ta/ar- hargowa. /ara, see hut; h. of one hucksters, yan shimjida, see room ddki, pi. dakuna; he retailer. is in the h. yana daku hue, n. (of colour) launi. ; p hum 119 hyena

pi. hum, n. amo; h. of conversa- hunter, n. rtuifarauchi, tion flUmi. mafarauta. hum, intr. v. yin amo. hunting, n.farauta. humanity, n. (the nature of hurry, n. garaje. mail) mutumchi. hurry, to be in a, v. gaugata, humble, adj. da karamin rai. gagauta; h. up ku chtka, ku yi da jika; I humble person, laddfi, la- jika or ku ddbi. am in a h. na kosa.

; I have h. my humble, tr. v. kaskantad da, hurt, tr. v.fama nmidakarami, e.g. he humbled leg nafama kafa. himself ya maida kansa kara- husband, n. miji or namiji, h. and mi. pi. muza, gwarzo* ', humiliate, to kankanta. wife m,iji da mata. a h. humiliation, n. kankanchi. husk, n. (of grain) surfe ; hump, n, doro, kazaza, ku- of maize totuwar ma^ara. to h. grain, tr. v. surfe, sumbi ; h. on bull, etc. tozo ; husk, surfa, swaha, saha, sabe. humped cattle jahajaha ; without a h. muturu. husked, (rice, etc.) surfaffe. hump-backed, adj. mai-doro, husks, coll. dusa, dussa (S.)

ynai-gantsarwa, da kusumhi. h. from wheat, etc. tsdki ; h. hunch-back, n. kazaza, kusum- of guinea-corn kono (K.),

hi, 7nai-doro. kouu (S.) ; h. enclosing an hundred, num. dari, miya, ear of corn buniya.

minya, zangu, the last is hut, n. shigi/a ; a h. for storing

generally restricted to count- grain in shirayi ; a light

ing cowries ; two h. dari thatched h. rudu ; a grass h.

hiyu, metin*, m,etan*. bukka, tsangaya ; a h. with hunger, n. yunwa, yunwa- grass walls but with distinct

chi. roof dakin zana (K.), dauke,

hunger, to suffer, n. matsu^, dabi (S.) ; a round h. kago;

rnatsi, jin yunwa. a mud h. kudandani, tseko ;

hungry, adj. da yunwa ; I a h. in a compound reserved am h. ina da yunwa; a h. for domestic work tsaka-

pei'son mayunwachi, pi. makari* ; a rectangular h. ta- yunvmta. farfara. kura, pi. hunt, \ . yin faraula. hyena, kure*, fem. ; hypocrisy 120 idolatry

kuraye, wmlna*^ daguyau the participial form if there (K.), gazau*, shaki (S.), she- be such, thus, I am coming

yaki (K.) ; striped h. sayaki, i7ia tafowa ; but ina so I am shakiy saki, sheyaki/, young willing.

of h. harmakai. ibis, rara, tuntumi ; the African hypocrisy, n. riya, pi. riyoyi wood i. tsagagi ; see stork. to practise h. yin riya. idiot, n. 1. from birth sarziru*, hypocrite, n. mai-riya, pi. shashasha*. masu-riya. 2. tig., see fool, foolish. hyrax, West African tree h! idle, adj. 1. (doing nothing)

(squirrel) heran bisa. lalafa ; an idle person raggo, fem. ragguwa, pi. raggaye,

I, 1st pers. pron. comm. gender; raggaje, raggage, ragguna ;

1. ita, prefixed to aor., e.g. dan karma, madudu (S.),

1 went na tafi; I saw him bakurogi ; one who is i.

na gan shi ; witli ha, often mai-lalachi, malalachi, mai-

.contracted, e.g. I did not kasala, bahili* ; to be i. yin

see liim ban ga7i shi ba ; see huji.

H. Gram. p. 9. 2. (in vain, unprofitable)

2. ni suffixed zo fut. and banza, babu anfani.

passives, e.g. I shall go za idleness, n. rdgaita, pi. rdgaiiu,

ni taji ; I was wounded by ragganchi, raggonchi, karma, : halbe lalachi, lalafanchi, sausauchi, a gunshot aka ni da \

bindiga. As a prefix to a sosochi, the last also of un- I

' verb ni expresses the fut., willingness to work ; to fight

e.g. ni I shall go pre- shy of work rdfashe aiki, tafi ; \

fixed to the aor. it denotes ragaiche, yi^i huji. I

an emphatic past, e.g. It was idler, n., see idle. I who went or I indeed went idly, one who saunters about

i., n. mai-ragaita. ni na tafi ; ni is also to be

used in emphatic expressions, idol, n. tsdfi, pi. tsdfuna and 1,

e.g. I myself ni da kaina ; I tsafaffuka, gumki, gtvumki,

alone ni kadai ; is it I ? do ph gwumakai. pi. you mean me ? niya. idolater, n. matsafi, ma-

3. ina expresses the present tsafa. and should be followed by idolatry, n. shirku, kafirchi. if 121 impediment

if, conj. idan^ in, kddan (S.), 2. to i. a manuscript zaya-

kan, izan, da, e.g. if I had na. known, I would not have image, n. 1. (likeness, picture)

done it da na sani da ban kdma, pi. kdmdnu, kdmannu.

yi shi ha ; ka7i (before b, 2. (a graven image or idol) kam), kur*, kul*. gumki, gwamki, pi. guma- ignoble, adj. banza, na banza. kai.

ignorance, n. (i.e. religious imagination, wasuwasi* ; she ignorance) jahilchi. imagined within herself ta ignorant, adj. (relig.) jahili. yi wasuwasi a zuchiya lata,

To be i. in a general sense imagine, v. yin tamaha, zato,

must be expressed by means yin zache ; see suppose,

of the verbs sani, ji or (in imbibe, tr. v. (to drink in or the case of an art or science) absorb) sha.

saba with negatives. imitate, tr. v. to i. another's ignorantly, da jahilchi. pronunciation or actions kok-

iguana, n. tsari, tsare, guza. koya, rikida, e.g. I imitate ill, n. (misfortune, loss) barna, him ina kokkoyonsa. ^ hasdra, asdra, tasari. imitation, kokkoyo. ill, adj. 1. (bad) mugu, fern. immediately, adv. ko yanzu, mugunya, pi. miydgu, banza. nan da nan. 2. (sick) da chiwo ; to be immerse, tr. v. tsoma, nuche,

i. yin chiwo, ji7i chiwo ; he 7iutse, niche, dulmiya, yin

is i. shina da chiwo ; to dihnane. become i. chiutu, chutu. immigrant, shigege. illegitimate, child, n. shege, immorality, (between women) dan shege, dan farka. mddigo. illiberal, adj. (stingy) da taurin impasse, (a place from which

zuchiya ; he is i. hannunsa ya there is no outlet) kiirewa. bushe or hannunsa busashshe impatience, garaje. ne lit. his hand is dry. impatient, adj. maras-hankuri.

illiberality, n. taurin zuchiya, impede, tr. v. hana.

kalmashen zuchiya. impediment, n. 1. hindrance illicit, adj. haram. abin hana. illness, n. chiwo, chiwuta. 2. impediment in speech illTiminate,tr. v. 1 .gen. haskaka. ininar halsh'e. ; impertinence 122 indecency

impertinence, tsitva, janjan- inasmuch, i. as da shi ke or chi, giggiwa (K.), taurin ido. da ya ke. impertinent, adj. mai-tsiwa^ incantation, tsubbu, daho. matsiwachi. incense, n. turare, kamshi*. importance, manyanchi, ma- incessant, madawami, fem, yanchi. 77iadawamiya. important, adj. hahha, pi. incline, a steep, n. gangare or

manya or maya; an i. person, gangara, pi. gangaru.

n. datijo, kunkumi*. incline, tr. v., to i. the head impossible, it is, impers. v, tsugunna ; to i. the ear karha shi yuuwa, ya gagara, ya kata kunne. fa^kare, ya gaza, ya kdsa incomplete, to be yin kwabro.

an i. task tarki* (S.). incompletely, to do a thing i. improper, adj. ba daidai saya. improve, tr. v. gyarta. incompleteness, kwabro, improve, in health, intr. v. ky)auro. warware, yin rangwame, jin incorrigibility, shakiyanchi.

dama ; see health. incorrigible, shakiya. improvement, e.g. in health increase, n. ddduwa, auki, dama. abki, kdri, karuwa. impudent, adj., see imperti- increase, v. 1. tr. kdra ; ddda, nent. dddi, yin auki (or abki), dora, impurity, of water zartse. sdfa, sufa, riba, shirga. in, prep, chikin or ddga chikin, 2. intr. ddda, yin ddduwa, a, gun^ e.g. in the basket yado, yadu, kdru, gawurtcb, chikin sanfo; in this place gawusta, taska, zarche*.

a wurin nan. incredulity, an interj. ex- in order that, conj. phr. a Msa, pressing i. ayat haha ! hiobbal

domin, do7i, e.g. practise incurable, e.g. an i. disease j

diligently in order that you chiwon woji ; the fool is i. may shoot well ku yi anniya Tnahaukachi ba shi warkewa. har da za ka iya halbin bin- indebted to, intr. v., e.g. I diga da kyau, in order that am indebted to you iiia da he might hear domin or don bashinka. shi ji. indecency, n. kazamta, slmki- inability, n. gajewa. yanchi. ;

indecent 123 ingratitude

indecent, adj. kazdmi, pi. pi. marinai ; old used-up i. kazdmai, maras-kumya, babu dagwalo, dagalo. knmya, shdkiyi. indistinct, to become, intr. v. indecision, zara. dnshi. indecorous, adj. ba daidai. indistinctness, n. dushewa.

indeed, 1. adv. (in truth, in industrious, n. maaikachi. fact) hakika, babu shakka or infant, n. (up to one year old) babu shak, babu watca, da ji7ijiri, pi. jirajirai, jariri, gaskiya, takar (K.). jarili.

2. as affirmative emphatic infantry, coll. n. kirma ; in-

particle «^, ashe, aiwa or ewa, fantry leader sarikin kirma. anche, mddala, dai or de, the infidel, n. kafiri, pi. kafirai last is enclitic following the and kafirawa.

word which it is desired to infidelity, n. (in a religious emphasise. sense) kafirchi. 3. interj. of doubt or sur- infirm, adj. ktmidma, see

prise to! ashe! anche! haba ! weak. Thus, in question and answer, infirmity, n. kuinam^anchi.

indeed 1 indeed ! ashe ? ashe ! inflict, tr. v., to i. blows buga,

da gaskiya ? da gaskiya ! bubbuga ; see beat ; to i. indemnification, ramko. punishment pallashe,fallashe. indemnify, to ramka. influence, n. (authority, power) independence, zdman kansa. hukum^chi. india-rubber, n., see rubber, inform, v. (to bring intelli-

indicate, v. nuna, nuni^ 9<^yf(^' gence, to apprize) lobarta, indifference, n. (carelessness) ba labdri, sanan da, sanas

lalachi. da, sanar da, sanashe ; to i. indigence, n. talauchi. against sare, sara or zara* ; indigenous, kado,^\. habe. see accuse. indigent, adj. talaka, talakka information, n. (news, ac- (S.), pi. talakawa, talakkatva ; count) labdri. an i. person mai-talaka. informer, n. mai-sara, pi. indigo, n. bdba, shioni, ta- m.asu-sara.

laki* ; spec, the second ingrate, n. butulu, m,ai-butul-

. annual crop of i. kususu chi, pi. masu-butulchi. an indigo dye-pit marina, ingratitude, n. butukhi. . inhabitant 124 instruct inhabitant, n. mai-zamna, pi. insanity, tabuwa.

form mazoiva. insect, n., spec, minute i. inherit, v. gdda, gdde, gddo, found in kola-nuts sankara;

gdji, gdje, a night-flying i. which has inheritance, n. gddo. a bad smell buzuzu ; a boring inheriting, gadowa. i. gunda, gumda ; see beetle. inheritor, magaji, pi. magada. inside, n. cMki ; i. the house iniquity, n. mugunta, keta; chikin gida ; its inside or see evil. inside it may both be ex- injure, tr. v. (to damage) bdta, pressed by chikinsa ; see in. bdchi, barnatadda. insight, n. (clear perception) ink, n. taddawa, adawa, tawa- lura.

da (K.) ; a tree from the insipid, adj. Idmi, da Idmi,

fruit of which i. is made babu zaki.

fara-kaya ; a gum which is insolence, gigiwa (K.), jan-

put in i. kdro ; a powder janchi, tsiwa.

used in making i. kawiya, insolent, adj. mai-tsiwa, da kunkuniya* tsiwa, matsiivachi. ink-blot, n. dangole. inspire, v. (to breathe in) tofo. inn, n. (i.e. a khan or halting instance, n. nuni ; see ex- place for the night) mashidi. ample. innkeeper, n. mai-mashidi. instantly, adv. nan da nan, innocent, adj. babu laifi, bara; koyanzu. of, prep, gurbin, an i. person maras-laifi ; to instead

be declared i. kubuta. umrin, bigeri, madadin, e.g. innuendo, karin-magdna. instead of it gurbinsa, gun- innumerable, adj. expr. by sa*, wurinsa, bigerensa.

phr. fi kidayawa, e.g. he has instigate, to chuna. innumerable books shina da instruct, v. 1. (teach) koya,

litatafi sun fi kidayawa. e.g. instruct me in reading gal- inquire, v. tambaya, yin tamka koya ma ni karatu ; baya^ yin binchike. gade, gargadi. inquiry, n. tambaya^ sha-loga 2. (of religious instruction (K.), binchike, bahasi, ba- especially that combining re- hatsi*. proof and threatening) fora, insane, adj., see mad. fori^fore, yinforo. ;

instruction 125 interpret

instruction, n. foro, wa'azi*, intend, v. for the idiomatic wa^azu*, aldma or haldma, use of da to express un- see Gr. pi. alamom% almajirchi ; all fulfilled intention pp. these words refer to religious 34, 46, e.g. I intended to go tajiya, I teaching, i. in a general sense da za ni had known must be expr. by verbs etc., I would not have thrown her

e.g. a man of no i. wanda bai down on purpose da na sani san komi ha; he received da ha najefa ta da gangan ha. n. (purpose) kuli^ much i. from them in litera- intention, ture suka koya masa karatih ganganchi; (fixed application)

anniya, aldma ; see prec. daymva ; self-i. haye*. instrument, n. 1. (implement) intentionally, adv. da gangan. kaya, pi. kayayeki, makami. intercede, to i. for cheta^

2. (musical i.) kidi or kida, chetas.

any kind of wind i. husa^ pi. interceder, mai-chechi.

bushe-bushe ; spec, a kind of interceding, fa/o.

stringed i. machirkiya, ma- intercession, machechiya. n tsirkiya; a wind i. pampami, interest, on money ruwa, fifiko, 7'iba. ^ fam/ami; wind i., flute

sarewa; wind i. resembling interfere, v. shXga shdgali, yin bagpipes algaita or alyaitu karamhani.

a player on a musical i. ma- interference, n. gadauniya,

shishigi* ; i. with i kidi; see music. janjanchi, insubordination, tayasuwa, what does not concern one kazallaha, izgili, 1 kin ji, kangara. karambdnij 1 insufficient, to be yin kwabro. isgili. integrity, n. (honesty) yaskiya. interior, n. (the inside of any-

intelligence, n. 1. (mental thing) chiki. II power), tsimi, hasikanchi, interloper, shigege. wayo^ fasaha*; see under- intermarry, to garwaye.

standing. intermingle, tr. v. hautsina ;

2. (news) labdri^ e.g. let intr. V. saje (K.), sade (S.).

me give you i. of the war intermingling, surki, see im ha ka labdrin yaki. mixing, if intelligent, adj. gwmii, mai- interpret, v. 1. (to translate) tsimi, da tsimi, hasiki. juya da magana or juya interpretation 126 iron

magana, yin fasara, fasarta, intoxicant, n., an i. drink mayas da] he interprets ya harasa, this word is also

rabbi fasalinsa. applied specially to gin ; an

2. (to explain) waye. intoxicating drink which is interpretation, n. (both trans- made from the palm tree j

lation and explanation) fa- (tuknruwa) hammi, ham ; an sara, /asali*, wayewa. intoxicating drink made from

interpreter, n. alfdkani, ta- guinea-corn giya ; an i. drink j furta, mayayi*. made with honey, salt and

interrogative. This sense is water huza; a place of in- expr. by a change in the toxicating drinks mashaya. intonation, by ko placed at intoxicated, maye. the beginning or end or at intoxication, n. maita. both beginning and end of introduction, a letter of, n. a clause, or by adding the phr. hishara. ko ha haka bal also by ha invalid, machuchi, majiyachi, when answer is in affirmative, majinyachi.

ni ha 1 It is I, is it not 1 invasion, farmaki, /almaki,

interrupt, to i. yin shishige, firmaki.

tura magana ; a nickname invent, to kaga. for one who interrupts a invention, kage (S.). conversation kazalldtuiva. investigation, judicial hahasi, interruption, w.fdshi. hinchike. intersection, gichi, gichiya. invisibility, (the power to intertwine, to kalgame, kar- vanish at will) haduhu, hor game. dufu.

intervals, at i. wuche-touche. invocation, n., i.e. to God % intestine, n. spec, the large i. zikiri, sajirchi, safurchi ; we

tumhurkuma, tuhurkuma, make i. muna zikri.

karera, mazawuri ; the in- invoke, to sdha, sdhi. testines coll. hanji. invulnerable, dan tauri. into, prep, chikin or ddga iron, n. karife, karfe, pi. kara-

chikin, e.g. he fell i. the fa, karfaifai, karfuna ; spec,

i. water ya fadi chikin ruwa ; wrought into cups, bright

' he was turned or changed i. i. zuhi ; to burn with hot

a sheep ya sauya tumkiya. i. lalas] an i. for brand- ; ;

iron 127 jelly-fish

i. kazuwa, susa, zuza, kurji I ing zarto; an pot karife^

karipe. one who has the i. mai-kurji. iron, adj. na karife, fem. ta itch, to yi7i susa or yi7t zuza.

karife^ with plurals na karife, itching, n., spec. i. sore on toes

e.g. i. bars sanduna na karife. or fingers kurkushe, kusa- iron ore, n. tdma, matamachi kushi, kushekusheya] aprickly

i. dross kashin tdma. plant that causes i. karara.

irons, leg-, n. gigar, malwa. ivory, n. hakorin giwa or

irony, gdtse. haurin giwa ; a piece of i.

irregular, of i. lengths sahe. haurin giwa, kdkara*. irrigate, to shayas da.

Irrigated, garden, n. lamhu. jackal, n. dila, pi. diloli, mala- irritable, adj. da zafin rai. min ddwa, kdrem huki, ka- irritated, particip. adj. husan- rem biki, dan ba^ura, ballo

che*. the cry of the j. kyakkyewa, irritation, takaichi, see anger. kekewa.

is, subst. V. 1. (simple copula) jail, n. kurkuku, see prison, with masc. subject ne, with jailer, mariko.

fem. che, with either ke. jam, tr. v. (to press) mache, 2. (implying real existence machi or matse; (to stick

= there is) akwai ; ina, na, fast) tokdra*. fem. ta, thus, there is ina da jar, small, n. sintali, shintali, shi, there are many ina da tulu*.

su dayaiva ; ke with nan, jaw, n. kumatu, kumche (S.) ; e.g. there is a book which I fig. jaws baki.

know wani litafi ke nan da jaw-bone, mummuke, pi. muna sani; see be. kamukai.

island, n .gungu*, pi . gunguna*, jealous, to be kisanta. Jnngu*, chibiri*, tsibiri*. jealousy, n. kishi or kishiya, isolate, tr. v. ym kadaita. pi. kishiyoyi, hdsada, sha- it, pers. pron. neut. ya, fem. ta; mata. separate and emphatic forms jeer at, v. ba'a or yin bcHa, yin shi, fem. ita; its -nshi, -nsa, g6ri, rena, kwalla'*^ ; ba dariya, fem. -rsa; nasa or nai, fem. e.g. they jeered at us suka tasa, tas or tai. ba mu dariya. itch, n. kaikai, kaikayi, kaswa, jelly-fish, n. kawara. ; ;

Jerusalem 128 judgment

Jerusalem, pr. n. birnin kudus. pi. kwarmu, gwarm,i ; to be jester, n. (bufifoon) hahambade, out of gochi j. and goche ; j. bade, maba'achi (foolish of the body gdba, pi. gabobi ; ; trifler) wawa. to suffer from a disease in

jesting, n. bananchi, annashu- the j. targade. wa. jostle, tr. V. tunkuda, ture.

Jesus, Isa, Yasuhi, the latter journey, n. tafiya, pi. tafifiya; represents the original form provisions for a j. guzuri ; to

Arabic name. make provision for a j. yin jet-black, adj. baki kirin. guzuri. Jew, gent. n. ba-Yahude, pi. journeying, n. tafiyawa. Yahudawa. joy, n. (the inward feeling) jewel, n. yakutu* -jdutsi* (stone) chiki farin ; (coupled with often denotes a precious stone. the outward expression) jog, e.g. of a donkey sassaka, murna, bushasha, bashasha,

see trot. fara'a ; to experience j. (to join, tr. V. gdma, gwarmi*, rejoice) yin fara'a, yin or

rika, lika ; to j. heads to- jin m,urna ; a cause for

gether (in consultation or j. abin murna ; j. or a cry

forming a plan) gama kai ; of j. guda; to cause j. bada intr. (to fall in with anyone m^urna. by overtaking or meeting judge, n. alkali, pi. alkdlai, him) gamu or gamo constr. alkallai (S.); the office of a

with prep, da; tarda, tarad j. alkalanchi. da and taras da, e.g. we judge, V. 1. gen. (to look into,

joined him mun gamu da shi discern) yin bibiya ; in a

or mun taras da shi ; to j. weaker sense, to imagine,

issue kulla* ; to be joined or think tammaha or yin together kullu. tammaha. joiner, n. (carpenter) masas- 2. (of a judge) yin shari'a,

saki, pi. m,asassaka. kdda, yin alkalanchi. joint, n. ido*, pi. idanu*, idan- judgment, n. 1. gen. bibiya.

danu*, idanuwa; ankle j. 2. (of law and justice)

idon sawu, idonkafa; wrist j. shari^a, hakum^chi or hukum-

idon hannu (also = knuckle) chi,fukum,chi* , alhaki, hisabi j.oi scissors kwarm,i, the (or ran) godawa* ; j. day ranan ; ;

jug 129 kicking

gobe (lit. the day of to- he was justified am ba shi morrow), gohe goAikiya. ; j. seat karaga.

jug, n. tulu*, randa'^ ; a brass jute, malafiya, lalu, turgunuwa

j. with narrow neck shintali, bastard j. rama.

shmitali ; see j ar. juggling, ddbo. Kano, Kano the chief com- juicy, mai-mai. mercial town of the W. juju house, (in a pagan Sudan.

village) gidan dodo. keen, adj. 1. (sharp-edged) da jujube-tree, magariya. kaifi.

jump, n., of a fish or frog, 2. (of acute intelligence)

hulma^ burma; he gave a j. ^/a mai-lura, jnai-wayo. yi wuf. keep, n. (to retain, hold) rike,

jump, intr. v. tuma ; dira, riki rika or ; (to tend, e.g. db'i, diro, dara, daro ; tsalle, sheep or cattle) kiwo ; to k. tsiUi, tsallache\ to j. back- carefully kiyaye ; to k, a wards and forwards wura promise chika Tnagana, kama

to j. down gangara, tsirga, magana; to k. on doing any-

! tsirgo ; to j. over haura. thing rika. jumping, n. dire, tsalle, tuma, kerchief, n. maharma ; a

tumi. woman's k. kallabi, alfata.- just, adj. da gaskiya, daidai kernel, n. kwdra, kwaya.

' of things (= lawful) halal ; a kettle, n. shintali, sintali or man j. mutumen gaske [gaski- shantali, pi. shintalai ; an ya) or mutum na gaskiya. earthen k. karife* or ka- just, adv., as in expression j. ripe*. (now) ko (yanzu). key, n. makubli, makulli, ma- justice, n. 1. (administration budi, dan makubli. of the law) shari^a. kick, n. shuri.

I 2. (moral right) ddilchi. kick, tr. V. shura, shure or justify, tr. V. 1. (to prove to jure*, bangaje, habri or harbi be in the right, to vindicate used of horses ; to k. forwards

' as true) gaskanta. mangara ; to k. away han- 2. (of a judge etc. to bare, hambare. declare in the right, to kicking, n., e.g. of a donkey ascribe right to) bada gaskiya, butsdri.

R. H. D. 9 ; ;;

1^4 130 kid, n. dan akwiya, pi. yan (or sarakuna or sarakai, sardh,^4

yayan) akwiya. sultan^ ; a king's son yarmia^ kidney, n. gidibi (S.), kidibi, gimba, pi. gimbayi; daughter

pi. gidibaif kidiba ; koda, of a k. gimbiya; epithet kwoda. applied to a k. da7i furdi kill, V. kdshe^ kdsa^ kisa, with a reigning k. sariki mai-chi a shortened form kas, kibe, a deposed k. Jitachen sariki.

fauchi* ; he was killed out- kingdom, n. sarauta, sarota,

right aka yi masa take. daula ; to gain possession of killing, adj. (murderous) kd- a k. chin sarauta ; see ac- saUj kdso. cede. kilt, c£. a mail with a k. of kingfisher, pied k. chinoya,

grass mai-bunu a gindi. chinuya ; African belted k. kind, n. iri, pi. irare, launi*. machi tsundum blue k. kindle, tr. and intr. toyi, towi, tsitar or tsintar.

toya, toye, tuya, tuna ; to re- kiss, n. sumba.

kindle or blow up a fire which kiss, tr. V. tsotsa, sumbunta, a, intv. u, is nearly outfur fur sumbunche ; to k. hands to e.g. they re-kindled the fire yin sumba. suka fura wuta^ the fire kissing, tsotso.

was re-kindled wuta tafuru ; kitchen, n. madaf, pi. mada- dosana^ hasa, haza, tr. he fai, wurin ddfuwa. kindled the fire ya hasa umta. kite, n. (the bird) shafo^ shaJiOy kindness, n. (goodness of kolo, shirwa.

k. tr. V. heart) nagarta ; (favour, knead, to together. benevolence) alheri, chiki garwaya. daya^ gafara and gafarta, knee, n. gwiwa, pi. gwiwaye,

ni'ima, nema^ hasali (S.) ; an gwiwoyi, gwiwu, guwawu act of k. kyauta, aikin ga- pushing with the k. gula.

fara, jinkai ; to do an act of kneel, intr. v. durkusa ; kneel-

k. alheri^ kyau, e.g. ; to yin yin ing dulkiishi, durkicshi ,

they did me an act of k. sun k. down or prostrate oneself I yi ma ni kyau. gurfana (S.). kindred, n. kabila*, dangi, knickerbockers, dan wando. danga or dagi*, pi, dangogi. knife, n. umka, pi. wukake, king, n. sarki or sariki, pi. wukaikai (usually with two ;

knit 131 koran

edges); barho (with one edge); certainly tabbache, tabbata, mayanki to ; sharpen or whet e.g. do you k. for certain 1 a k. gyarta (or wasa) tvuka, ka tabbata ? had you known ? yuka (Zanf.); spec, a small k. da kun sani 1 it cannot be almosa ; a k. used by women known ba ta sanv/wa. kududuri ; a kind of k. with knowledge, n. azanchi, lura, handle to fit wrist and blade shini, shina, sani. projecting backwards kan- known, to make, v. ambachi, gar or kanga; a k. carried gaya, chashe. up the sleeve, attached by knuckle, n. gwiwar yatsa, a leathern ring wukar hannu ; idon hannu. a scoop-shaped k. majitsara ; kola-nut, n. goro, pi. gwarra a ; sort of missile k. gariyo, gamagari ; spec, a variety of q.v. ; handle of a k. hota, kota k.-n. from Gvvanja ataras, (K.) see ; kijigi. from Yoruba ibi ; a light- knit, V. sharaha*. coloured k.-n. ânjiââ- see knock, V. gen. huga ; to k. also labuje, gamagari, ibi, against, intr. gochi, ^ goche, kursan-goro, gazari, sandalu, gwahche, kdbra, kafra, tr. as hannun ruwa ; a bad k.-n. the hand against a wall gobro* ; a large k.-n. goriya; gwabra, gwahre, gwahure, packing placed round k.-nuts gwahri, , gumhari ; to k., e.g. fufu, huhu ; an insect found with a stick zungura to ; k. in the k.-n. sankara; a or kick bangaje ; to k. at a basket of palm fronds in door buga ko/a, kwankwasa ; which k.-nuts are packed to k. down tankade, bige (K.), makara, mankara ; a late kirme (K.), kilme (S.). crop of k.-nuts jankarago cnot, n.kulli, pi. kullai, kulloli; large selected k.-nuts marsa a k. ; made in thread fco prevent large and small k.-nuts mixed the strands from unravelling sara7iwaga; little k.-nuts hanchi; to tie in a k. kum- minu; an early crop of k.- buche to ; get into a k. sarke. nuts nata. :now, V. sard, shina, rahe da koran, ; n. kuran, alkorani, al- to k. clearly shaidani, fahim- kiyrani ; the all-night reading ta*; to k. and understand of the k. tukuri ; saying the well sansanchei to k. k. by rote- tulawa*. ;

labour 132 language

labour, n. aiki, pi. ayuyuha, lame, to be, intr. v. yin gur- ayuka, aikoki or aikuna gunta, dangyasa, dungashiy

farm 1. aikin gona ] 1. pains targade* ; he goes 1. yana

wahalar haifuwa, nakadar takwashi or tarkoshi ; to

haifuwa. make 1. gugurta.

labour, v. yin aiki ; aiki. lameness, n. gurgunchi, guru- labourer, n. maaiki, fern, ma- gunta, gurmunta, gwami,

aikiya, pi. masu-aiki, ma- takwashi, tarkoshi, dangyashiy aikachi, maaikata; kwadigo, dungashi, dingishi, kage*. dan kwadigo. lament, v. yin kuka, see seq. lack, n. rashi. lamentation, n. kuka, pi. koke-

1. lack, tr. V. tabe, tafe, rasa, koke ; at a funeral makoki ;

kdsa, tozarta'^ ; they 1. money to make 1. takaba ; see cry.

suna da rashin kurdi, see seq. lamp, n. fitila, pi. Jltilu, Jitilai

1. lacking, adj. mai-rashi, by or Jitiloli ; oil man Jitila ;

1. prefixing mara, e.g. 1. sense he lit the ya kunna jitila ;

mara-hankali. we are working by 1. light

lad, n. yaro, pi. yara. muna yin aikinJitUa ; 1. wick ladder, n. mahayi*, karan- la^wani. gama, kuranga (K.), kwaran- lance, n. mashi, pi. masusuka

ga (S.), uwaranga (S.), tsani, or masu. matakara, matakala. land, n. (phys.) kdsa, pi. kcisa- laden, participial adj. lahche she, kasaisai ; (country) kdsa or labtache. and gari, pi. garuruwa, garu- Lagos, the town of Iko. ruka or garigari. lair, makwanchi. landing place, n. mafichi. lake, n. kogi*, pi. koguna, ko- landlord, hakimi*. gina or kogai, koramna*. landslip, matusge*.

lamb, n. dan tumkiya, pi. yan language, n. 1. (speech) ma-

tumkiya; the paschal 1. gana.

ragon lahiya. 2. (tongue of particulai

lame, adj. gurgu, fem. gur- nation) yare, magana ; t(

guwa, pi. gurdgu, gurmu speak the Hausa 1. yin ma (S.), mai-gwami, pi. masu- gana Hausa; halshe, harshe

gwami, amurgude, makasari, pi. halshina or halassa

fern, makasariya. hausa*, pi. harata* ; the; lapwing 133 lay

have no 1. but Hausa ha su late, to be, v. jinkirta, nazvaj da yare sai Hausa. yin nawd, yin yauch% e.g.

3. (literary expression) he was 1. in arriving ya yi

karatu. yauchin zakuwa ; to be 1. in lapwing, see plover. doing anything makdra ; one large, adj. babba, pi. manya, who is 1. mai-makdra.

girma ; a 1. book babban litaji lateness, n. makdra^ nawa\

or litafi babba ; very 1. ban- (delay) yauchi. kami. laths, thin wooden, coll. ka^ large, to become, intr. v. girma tamha*^ kwangi. and yin girma. latrine, makeway% shadda. larynx, rakumin wuya. laud, tr. V. yin kirari, yin lasciviousness, kwartonchi. yabo also with pres. form na, lasso, to zarge. e.g. I laud thee ina yabonka, last, the, n. (iinal state or case) laudation, n. kirari, yabo ; see TYiakarshe, makari, makare, praise. makara) karshe used ad- laugh, intr. v. yin dariya; to

verbially = at the last, at last. cause to 1. ha (or bada) dari- last, adj. na-baya, fern, ta-baya; ya, e.g. ya ha ni dariya he

phr. the 1. day ranan (or made me 1. ; to 1. at zunda,

ran) gobe, gobe; the 1. sleep yin zunda, yin zumda (S.),

(death) makarin barchi ; 1. ddra, e.g. they laughed at

night jiya da dare ; 1. month me sun darani; he laughed

watan jiya ; 1. year bara ', at at him yai gdtse ga shi ; to

• 1. adv. yauyau, karshe. 1. heartily keta da dariya. last, to, intr. v. ddda, dddi, laughter, n. dariya. see continue. law, n. gen. shari'a, haddi^, lasting, n. (state of continu- umarni; to decide in 1. ance) dddawa. raha shari'a ; (religious lasting, adj. matabbata*, mada- ordinance) sunna, kaida ; a

wami ; long 1. madawami, prohibitor}'- 1. doka*.

fem. madawamiya. lawful, adj. halal, halas ; to be latchet, maballi. 1. halalta, halatta, halasta. late evening, n. of time ma- lay, tr. V. sa; of a bird, to garub or ma^ariba, manga- 1. eggs aje {jefa, saka or y%) ' riba; later evening lisha. kwai ; to 1. aside sa ; to 1. ;

laziness 134 leather

down kwantad da ; to 1. hold tsiyaya, yoya, yin yoyo, zuba^

of or on kama ; to 1. down, zubo. e.g. a load sabkad da. lean, adj. ramani'me, fem. ra- laziness, n. raggonchi, ra^aita, mammiya, pi. ramammUy kiwuya, kuya, lalafanchi. guzuma, lange-lange. lazy, adj. lalafa, (idle) raggo, lean, to be or become, v. rame, kumdma^ mai-raggo, mai- yin rama.

ragaita, mai-son jiki, maga- lean, intr. v., 1. against jin- jiyi, shallali. gina,jingine, dangana*, rdbo, lead, V. bida, bishe. e.g. the fence against which lead, n. (the metal) dalma, he was leaning dangan da ya

darma ; 1. for making bullets rdbo da shi ; to 1. upon dan- harsasshe. gana, dogara, the last also leader, n. babba, tunari*, ko- fig. to 1. upon in trust or

ranga (K.), also uba^ pi. confidence, e.g. we 1. on thee ubanne and ubanai, e.g. their mun dogare ka.

1. babbansu ; 1. of a fight uban leanness, n. rama, ramuway

yaki; spec. 1. of infantry ramanchi (K.), ramantaka

sarikin karma ; 1. of caravan (S.), alala. (chief) jaji; (the headman leap, intr. v. tuma, dira, dirOy

who precedes it) jdgdba or diri, yin zariya. shugdba; (the man who leaping, n. zariya. walks behind it) madugu, learn, v. koya, yin koyo, sanas;

pi. madugawa; 1. in prayer to 1. by heart samu harda.

liman, limami, pi. limammai. learned, adj. mai-karatu ; a 1. pi. leaf, n. (of tree) tofo, toho*, pi. man Tndsani, mdsana y tofuna, waraka^, ganye^ gan- malami, pi. mallam,ai ; a 1. woman nialama*. ya, pi. ganyaye, danyen itache \ bam,i, makoyi, sahon 1. of a book warka, waraka learner, a

spec, a 1. used for thatching shiga.

Jitta. learning, n. koyo. league, n. (alliance) gdya. leather, n. (after it has been kirgi (before it leak, n. darsh% kdfa, yoyo; to tanned) ; spec, stop a 1. toshe. has been tanned) fata ; leak, intr. v. darsa, tardra, strips of 1. coll. gunda ; strips

tardro, yin darshi^ yin kd/a, of black 1. coll. kwaro; a ; ;;

leather-dresser 135 less

scraper used in dressing 1. kdfa ; calf of the 1. dambubu, » ka7'taje. tukatukai(K.), shardba; bent leather-dresser, n. majem% 1. (a disease) gwami ; 1. bent

pi. majema ; bciduku, pi. du- by disease gwami, kage*

kawa, badukai. with bent legs (i.e. tli rough leathern, case for book, n. ga- disease) gurgu, iem.gurguwa, Jaka, yafakka (S.). pi. guragu, this also = with- leave, tr. v. bari, bar, raida (S.) out legs.

to 1. a thing and come back legend, tariyo*.

baro ; to leave a path or leg-irons, n. malwa, gigar. track sau (or sake) hanya ; \ leisure, sukuni (S.), see op-

to 1. behind bari or 6«r, raga ; \ portunity,

to 1. off daina^ dena. lemon, n. lemu, lemo.

leaven, n. yami, kullu ; spec, lemur, a species of (Potto) j

1. made from the acid pulp beran bisa*.

of the tamarind tsamiya. lend, V. bada dro, ramta ; see leaves, coll. kunnen itache, loan.

ganyen itache, safisdmi, san- length, n. 1. (of space and sdrain itache. time) tsawa, tsawo, isayi,

leech, n. matsatsaku, turguni tsai ; tsawanta, matsawa, (S.), tsatseku (Zanf.), cha- tsatstsawo.

cheku, chichekko. 2, (long continuance), of left, 1. (remaining, remainder, life yawan rai, tsawon rai. rest) saura, kingi, e.g. there lengthen, to tsawaita.

is little 1. sauran kadrnt ya leopard, n. damisa, pi. dam%-

rage ; food 1. over sudi. sai, argi^ii^, tsawarwara*

2. (of position) the 1. hauni, hunting 1. (or cheetah) rabbi.

hagu or hagum ; the 1. hand leper, n. kilturu, pi. kutare,

1. hannu na hauni ; -handed mai-kuturta*, mai-kuturchi*. bahago. leprosy, n. kuturchi, kulurta ;

left, part, bararre, fem. bararra, spec, a mutilating form of 1.

pi. bararru ; what is 1. 1 mi machiri ; white 1. albaras.

ya rage ? less, adv. 1. (= minus in com- leg, n. kdfa^ pi. kafafu, kafa- puting) bus, gaira, e.g. metin fuwa, kafafe, kdfofi, chinya, gortia bus or metin gaira pi. chinyoyi ; 1. bone kwabrin (/oma = 200 - 10, i.e. 190. ;.; less 136 lick

2. (== English negative sdki ; to 1. loose saki, kunche, (used as kwanche, hanya, hanye to suffix -less) maras- ',

prefix), e.g. shameless maras- 1. out (of hire, etc.) sufuri, kumya, sufurchi, yin sufuri or yin less, much 1., comp. adv. hale, sufurchi ; the particle in or

halanta, halante, barshe, e.g. im before a following h is this man was not able to sometimes elliptically used

walk, much less take up his to express 1., e.g. 1. me follow load wannan ha ya iya yin you im hi ka.

tafiya hale shi dauke kayan- letter, n. 1. (epistle) watika, sa. wasika, wasichi*, pi. watiku, less, to grow or make 1., see wasiku; takarda, pi. takardu^ seq. lessen, v. tr. and intr. rdgi or 2. (a sign of the alphabet)

rage, tawaya, towi, tauye harafi, harifi, pi. haruffa.

intr. raxfu, tawaya, tauwi, lettuce, n., spec, water 1.

kasad da ; the waters are kainuiva. lessening ruwaye suna ragu- level, adj. and adv. sosai, tan-

wa ; see seq. gam, tangas ; it is 1. ya yi lessening, participial n. ragu- sosai, ya hazu. wa. level, to, e.g. a road baji, baje; lest, conj. (for fear that, that. . to rub smooth darje ; levelled not) kdda, e.g. he took the hazu. medicine lest he should die liar, n. makariyachi, fem. maya hadiye magani kdda shi kariyachiya, pi. makariyata. TTiutu; don kdda. liberality, n. haiwa. let, tr. V, (allow) hari, har ; to liberate, tr. v. yanchi, yantas,

1. alone hari, har, kyale* ; to see free,

1. go shika ; to 1. down sahka, liberation, from slavery, n. sahki or sauka, also (with diyauchi or diyanchi. da) sahkas or sapka^, shida, liberty, n. yanchi.

e.g. I 1. down the load na lice, coll. kwalkivata, kwar- sahke kaya or na sahkas da kwata, see louse, lichen, n. toto (S.), tautau (K.). kaya or na shida da kaya ;

particip., 1. down sahkakke lick, or lick up, V. Idsa, lashe,

to 1. go sallarae, sdka, sake. suda ; to 1. the hand tanda. ;

licking 137 like

licking, tandewa ; 1. of fingers, light, n. haske, pi. haskoki^

etc. tsotso. haskaikai ; see seq.

lie, intr. v., tol. down kwanche; light, tr. V. 1. (to give light)

to 1. down to sleep kwana haskaka, hada haske, e.g. the

and ktvanta ; to 1. face down- moon gives light wata shina

wards ruhda chiki ; a place to hojda haske.

1. down makwanchi ; to 1. in 2. (to set alight) to 1. a

wait yin fako ; a place to 1. fire hdsa {hdza, dza), wuta,

in wait mafaka ; to 1. with fura (or hura) wuta, ydda (S.). gufa wuta, dosana, kuna, kunna ; lie, n. kariya, keri. the fire is lit wuta ta furu;

lie, intr. v. (to tell lies) yanke to 1. a lamp kunna Jitila.

kariya, yin keri ; to give the light upon, intr. v. tsaya.

1. to kariyata. lighten, tr. v. 1. (to illuminate) life, n. rai, pi. rayu or rayuka, haskaka*, sarasara.

rayukka, rawuka; in more 2. (of lightning) yin wal- general sense (=^ Engl, time) kiya.

zamanij yayi, e.g. during the lighting, (of afire,etc.) 2/ao?i2/a. 1. (= in the time) of the lightning, n. walkiya.

prophet zamanin annahi ; to like, adv. tamka, tamkar, tam-

come or come back to 1. rayu kan, tamkat, tankat, tanfari,

coming back to 1., participial kdma, kakakat^, kdman or

n. rayuwa ; to restore to 1. kdmal, e.g. this is 1. that

raya position in 1. ; mutum- wannan shi ne tamkat wan-

chi ; 1.- a l.-time kwakwaro ; chan; ya, yi, ta'ada*; adj. long matseyi. tanfari or tamfari ; the lift up, tr. V. chira, chire, following are substantival

chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro, (as in Engl, one's 1.) kama,

, tdda, tashe, tsaida, hauda^ pi. j; kamannu, e.g. his 1. ka- I haushi, hausa, daukaka, do- mansa, misalinsa ; see like-

kaka ; spec, to 1. up a heavy ness ; what is 1. to something weight sunguma. mai-maki, wani, e.g. 1. him light, adj. (not heavy) shakap, waninsa, sMge, e.g. 1. them sakwap, sdkai, sakat. shigensu, kwatanchi, e.g. 1. light, adj. (full of light) mai- this kwatanchin haka, niisali,

^ haske ; 1. coloured patsi. see seq. like 138 lioness

like, adj. mai-kdma ; it is more line, n. (row, series) jeri, pi.

1. this than that ya yi kdma jerori, zdne* ; in a 1. a jera

da wannan ya fi wanchan, or a jere ; spec, a 1. formed

like, as, adv. tamkar da or for prayer saffu ; a broad

tankar da, kdma or kdmad da blue 1. in cloth saki, or

and kdman da, misali*, awa, swaki ; to draw up a 1. of

kamar yadda, ; 1. this kwatan- battle ja ddga: they are

chin hdka. forming 1. suna jeruwa; it

like, to make, tr. v. daidaita; is arranged in 1. ya jeru ; a

pass, it is made 1. unto a kwa- 1. of writing shatsdra, sha-

tanchi; to be 1., i.e. to dara ; to arrange in 1. zura,

resemble yin daidaiche, yin jera, jere; to form a 1. yin

kdma da. saffu ; a 1. of men hata ; to-

like, tr. V. so, marmari. go in 1. ja hata ; see lines.

liken to, tr. v. kwatanchi, line, a 1. of writing shaddra,. kwatamchi (S.), kddara, shatsara. kudira. lineage, n. zuriya, usali, asalL

likeness, n. kdma, pi. kdm,an- linen, n. alkamura.

nu, misali, supa*, sifa, wani*, lines, coll. zone ; to draw 1.

e.g. his 1. kamansa, supansa, zana or zani.

waninsa or m-isalinsa ; he linger, intr. v. ddde, dada,.

1. gave me his 1. (his portrait) nauwa ; to about lalata.

ya ha ni kam,ansa. lingerer, n. mai-nauwa ; a 1. at likewise, adv. kuwa, ma*. home in time of war kazum.

liking, n. kauna, kamna (S.). lint, made from cotton taffa^

lilac, African and Persian 1. lappa. (pride of India) kurnan lintel, n. almandni. nasara. lion, n. zaki, zaiki*, fem. za- lily, water kwala (K.), hddo, kanya, pi. zakoki, furdi*y

kola hddo (S.) ; climbing 1. wan ddwa, m^anyan ddwa;

1. zaki a young baurere ; spider 1. hatsin ma- a male toron ;

noma. 1. dan zaki ; a strong 1. wan

limb, of body gdha, pi. gabohi. ddwa; the adj. gadanga lime, n. (the fruit) lemu, lemo. strong is specially used as limit, n. iyaka,iyakachi,m,atuka. an epithet of the lion. limping, dangya^hi, dingishi. lioness, n. zakanya. Up 139 load

lip, n. leho^ lebe, pi. lebu, lebuna; living, adj. da rai, e.g. this is

lips ddburi, pi. daburori ; a not a 1. child wagga ba diya

disease of the lips chizal ; a mai-rai ba che. disease on the under lip beli living One, the, adj., epithet (K.), chande (S.); a disk of God mai-haya*. embedded in the lips of lizard, n. kadangare, fem. ka-

lebo, pi. pagans maran pelele* ; dangariya, kadangarwa, lips thickness of ndbuwa. kadangarru ; gwada, sharin- list, n. ta- (written) zumami, dOf sharundo ; skink kulba ; karda, pi. takardu, lisafi. Sudan monitor (Yaranus listen, V. (to hear with atten- exanthematicus) damo] Nile

tion) saurara, sorara or ju- monitor tsari, guza ; a small rare* (to lobe ; eavesdrop) ; brown 1. (Gecko) tsdka ; sare-

to 1. intently with bowed kutup, sarekutu, a small black-

head karkata and karhasa headed 1. gaguware ; a 1. with used with or without kunne orange and black bars (Scino- (ear). pus fasciatus) which buries listener, n. majiya^ sauraro. itself in the sand dama- little, adj. karami, fem. karama^ tsiri* (which also = the green

karamiya, pi. karamu ; kan- snake) ; when the male 1. puts

kane, kankani, fem. kanka- on its mating colours it is

. nuwa, pi. kankana^ kanana; called kutu in Kano, kiski

substantively (=:a 1., also in Sokoto, and jangwada in few) kddan^ sama sama, kima, Zaria.

tsarari ; very 1. kddan kddan, lo ! bum*, duba. kima kima; I ate but very load, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki, fu-

1. ban chi ba sai kddan ; 1. kddan ; guma, karba heavy adila

wait a 1. while jima kddan or adllan kaya, alaro, sanji ;

, or jim kddan ; to take very a small addition to a carrier's

I 1. of tsakdra or tsakura; a 1. 1. doriya; to get ready a 1. chim. gydra kaya ; to pack up a 1. ittleness, kankanta, karamchi. labda ; I took his 1, na taboshL ive, intr. V. yin rai. load, tr. V. labda ; to 1. a ivelihood, zaman du7iiya. gun dura (or chika) bindiga, iver, n. hanta, anta, kidibi*, kimsa, yin kimshi ; to 1. up

'> gidibe*. dura. ; loadstone 140 long for loadstone, n. mijin karife. masabki, masapki, masafki, loaf, n., of salt or sugar kantu. majidi, masauki. loafer, n. dan karma, see log, n. (of wood) itache and

idle. iche, spec, a 1. of wood loan, n. dro, bashi^, ramche slaves ; fastened to feet of as

a cooperative!, adashi, adashe, a punishment turn ; a 1. of wujiji; see lend. wood tied to the head as a loathe, tr. v. jin kyama. punishment for thieving

loathing, kyama, tsantsani. kangalai; 1. fastened to the locality, n. wuri, pi. wurare. neck to prevent escape gu- lock, n. makuli (K.), kuhli, dungumi.

kuli ; 1. (padlock) of a door loin, n. kugu, pi. kugogi ; mdra, kwadon kqfa. tsdra.

lock, tr. V. kuble, kule ; to lock- loin-cloth, a man's bante,

up, id. it is locked shina banche ; leather l.-c. warki kule. (K.), walki (S.); a woman's

locks, of a woman's hair taura; /atari, mukuru ; a l.-c. which

see under hair. is the badge of a thief bdkin locust, n. fara, pi. farori, bante. faruna, gam., jinnu, farat loneliness, n. kewa.

tumfafiya ; a large 1. babe, long, adj. 1. (of considerable fem. babaniya, pi, babaye, length) dogo, fem. doguwa,

babuna ; a black 1. burdu- pi. dogaye, da tsayi.

duwa, pi. burduduwuna ; a 2. (of dimension) expr. by

black 1. which Hies at night n. tsawa, tsawo etc., e.g. it

faran-dare ; an insect like a is seven cubits long tsawonsa

1. taki, pi. takoki see ; young kamu bakwai ; length.

locusts ('hoppers') dango, 3. (of time) how 1. ? tun

locust-bean, dorowa*, dorawa yaushe 1 1. ago tuntuni ; from

husk of l.-b. makuba. a 1. time dadadde; 1. since

locust tree, n. dorowa, do- tun dadewa ; 1. lasting, adj.

. 1. . rawa, pi. of 1. mai-dawami (of space) a dorowayi ; pod ; t. sabdda. way off daga nesa, da nesa

lodge, intr. v. sabka, sauka, and nesa ; a 1. way da jaya- sabki or sapka. wa, da rata, da tabawa. lodging-place, n. mdshidi, long for, V. tuski, tuske, kwa- ;

longing 141 loss

daye, lamiranta ; to 1. after, loose, adj., kwaranga (S.), e.g. absent friend yin heye. kwaraprap (K.); (my shoe)

longing, n. (also = 1. for) kwa- is too 1. for me ya yi kwaro dai^ kciri, marmari, kdwa kwaro.

(only used of women) ; evil 1. loosen, tr. v. kunche, kwanche

yuri ; 1. for an absent friend (K.), banya^ banye, sassabta^ beye. sassqfta, sa^sapta, sunche,

look at, V. duha, dubo, yin bambare ; to come loose (e.g.

kallo, see behold ; 1. at this ! of head of an axe) kwdbe.

ya shi tuannan ; to 1. atten- loosened, particip. kunchachey

tively at tsokachi, yin zuru ; fem. kunchachiya, pi. kuncha-

i to 1. carefully into yin bibiya; chu.

1. bida to for (seek) nema, ; loosening, n. kunta, kwabiya*. to 1. into, constr. with da or loot, e.g. the sack of a town ace. lura; to 1. proudly on buruntu. yin hardra*; looking round lop, to kudure. (i.e. spying) dauroro ; to 1. lopping, of branches sdran out for hanya, hanyi, hanyo; bisa.

see espy ; to 1. over leke lord, n. ubangiji ; sidi applied looking over the wall leken to Mohammed ; Lord, an

garu ; to 1. like, cf . it looks epithet of the Deity, rabbity like him shina da halamun-

shi or shina da halaman lose, tr. V. rasa, yin rashi, bdta,

kamanshi -, it looks like rain yin hasdra, gagata, the last sama tana da halamun yin constr. with da, rubushi ; to f 1 ruwa. 1. the way rasa hanya, ga- looking-glass, n. mddub% md- gata da hanya, raise, gochi

dvhin fuska, matsokachi. and goche, gwabche (S.), bdta

'; loom, n., the pulley on the 1. (or bdche) hanya, dimanta, on which the peddles work diinauta, karkache, the last

chikalkora ; the handle fixed also tig. of moral deviation ; into the pole of a 1. matuki ; to 1. one's case kayas ya

the pole of 1. on which the shari'a ; they lost heart han- woven cloth is wound takala. kulansu duka sun tashi , ;

I loop, in a string, n. zarge, pi. losing bdchewa; see lost.

zaryuna \ mazargi, maballi. loss, n. barna, e.g. they caused ; ;

loss 142 luxury

him 1. su kai ma shi harna lower, tr. V. kasashe, sabka, rashi, hasdra, asdra, tasari, sapka, sa/ka, sauka, sahki, ta'adi, ta'ada, taskdro (S.), tas- sauki, sabkas da, saukad da ;

gdro (Daura), kampa, karafa. to 1. to the ground kasa ; to

loss, to sufifer, intr. v, yin 1. a bucket into a well zire. hasdra, yin tobodi. lowering, participial n. (a

lost, n., the state of being 1., bucket into a well) zirawa. e.g. in the forest dimana*. lowing, n. (of cow or camel) lost, particip. lalatachche, fern. boda, umbu.

Icdatachchiya, lalatattu ; to luck, n. (good) nasara, arziki,

be 1. bdche, makuwa, rasa. gamon-katar, gata, gatanchi ;

lot, n. (portion) rabo or rabu, he has brought me good 1. pi. raberabi. ya yi ma ni gata, katar, lots, coll. kuriya; to draw 1. kdtari.

yin kuriya. lucky, to be aruzzuka; a 1. louse, kwarkwata^ kwalkwata, day buruji, yin daula ; a 1. kyaya^ kyeya] crab-1. dan person dangware, Tnai-arziki.

; see also lice, luggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki kadafi ; love, n. soyaiya, soyayya, so- spec, a woman's \.fago,faggo waya, soyuwa (S.), kamna, or pago.

kauna, so*, muhibba. lull, tr. V. rene.

love, tr. V. so, san* ; (after lump, n. (e.g. of flour) dunkule; pronouns ending in na) kam- tsdba or tsula*, bangori.

na, kam^nache ; soye, yin so lunatic, tabi, tabu, tdbo, fem.

yaiya ; sha^awa. tdbuwa ; mahaukachi, fem. love-bird (Agapornis pullaria), mahaukachiya, pi. mahau- tsiriya, kata, tahabbe, shinkinkim,i ; love-charms, tsibbu. see fool, loved, one much, n. lele*, lung-fish, Gambian l.-f. or

m,asoyi*. mud-fish, i.e. Protopterus lover, n. maso, pi. masowa annectens gaiwa.

masoyi, pi. masoya. lungs, n. fufu, kufu, sufe (S.), low, intr. V. yin boda, see pi. sufoji. lowing, lust, n. guri, sha^atva, hwa- low, adv. a kdsa, a kas ; lower dayi. na kasa, fern, ta kdsa. luxury, buki, marma/ri. lying down 143 malingering

lying down, n. kwantawa ; 1. budurai, diya ; a young m. on the back with the legs bera. up riyinginij rigingine. maidenhood, n. budurchi or lying in wait, n. fako, kwanto. buduruwanchi.

lynx, (caracal) dage. mail, coat of, n. (made of cloth) lifidi ; (made of chain) macaroni, n. taliya*, wasa- sulke, safa, kumakumi. wasa. mail-clad, pi. masu-lifidi. mad, adj. mahaukachi, fern. maimed, adj. kuduru.

niahauk(jichiya, pi. Vfiahmi- maintain, tr. v. 1. (to retain)

kata; mai-hauka ; a m. dog rike, rika, riki.

ynahaukachin kdre. 2. (to feed) chida. mad, to be, intr. v. hauka, maize, n. masara, dawa ma. haukache. sara or damasara* (i.e. dan madden, tr. v. haukata. masara); roasted m. barn- madman, dolo, fem. doluwa, bara; a m. -cob goyon masara;

pi. dololi you m. ! kai ; yofi see com.

(S.) ; see fool. make, tr. v. 1. (to construct, t madness, n. hauka^ wdhami, fashion, create) yi, yiwa, tabuwa-, Bta.vk in. hauka ja. yiwo, iwo*, yo, wa ; I m. maggot, tsutsa. nai = na yi ; (to produce or magic, n. maita, siddabaru, effect) e.g. to m. an outcry '< tsibbu, akokari, dabo. yin kururuwa. magnet, n. mijin karife. 2. (to cause) sa,e.g. they m. magnify, tr. v. (to honour, or the householder run away sun extol) girmama, bada girma, sa mai-gida shi guje. yin yabo. malady, n. chiwo, chiwuta ; see

IQagnitude, n. girma, e.g. the under ill. sun surpasses the moon in male, adj. and n. namiji, pi. m. rana ta wata girma. fi mazaje, toro* ; the m. lion magpie, n., Senegal m. (also toron zaki; m. and female used for ' ox-pecker ') charki. namiji da tamata. mahogany, tree madachi ; m.- malice, n. kiyaiya^ kiyayya, bean tree kawo. 7nasifa, keta, mugun hali maid, an old ra. iuzuruwa. Tnugunta, tsegumi. maiden, n. buduruwa, pi. malingering, sane. mallam 144 mare

mallam, (teacher or learned manliness, n. mazakuta, maza-

man) n. malam, malami, pi. kunta, mazakunchi. mallamai; chief m. liman* manner, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye^ or limami*. ada^ the latter used especially

m.allet, for beating leather of religious ra. ; such is his. kantukulo. m. halinsa ke nan. mallow, Jews' m. malafiya. manners, coll., good m. kumyay maltreat, tr. v. walakanta, kunya^ Iddabi; want of good

wulakanta ; see injure, m. rashin kumya. maltreatment, n. walakanchi. mantis, dokin Allah^ dan kama^ man, n. mutum or mutume, pi. koki. mutane (as contrasted with manumission, n. (of slaves) ;

woman and wife) miji, pi. m,uddhar ; a certificate of m.

mdza, mazaje, mazaizai ; mai- laya, layan diyauchi.

miji ; married m. miji da manure, n. taki. mache; the m. with the manure, tr. v. takanta, yin

broom (i.e. a bachelor who taki. has to sweep his own house) manuscript, a m. from which namiji da shara. a copy has been made- manacles, see chains, uwa*. manatee, the African species many, adj. dayawa and (esp. of m. ayu, of persons) m,aiyawa, pi. ma-

mane, n. (of horse, etc.) geza^ su-yawa ; barkatai, Jul (S.),

pi. gezuna, rahaja (S.). pal, pul* (K.), rututu (Zanf.); mango, mangoro* (a word used how m.? ndwa, guda ndwa, by traders). e.g. how m. years is it since manifest, adj. zahiri. your birth? shekara ndwor

manifest, tr. v. hobydna, bai- tun haifuwarka ? how m»

yana, gaya, gwada. were there 1 sun yi ndwa % manifestation, n. nunawa. marabout, the bastard ji manifestly, adv. zahiri. jim,i, manioc, rogo. march, by night in war,

manis, n. (i.e. pangolin, a kind kwanan daga. of ant-eater) A:^r^A:^r^, kikiriki. mare, n. godiya, pi. gwaddi mankind, coll. mutane duka, dukusa (fern, of dukushi) pL dukan mutane^ duniya. dukusai; a young m. dnn ;

margin 145 mash

dukushi a large ; m. inyar- tu, e.g. (m. cut from the corners

miya, inyaramniya ; a brood of the mouth) yambaka (m. m. kabama, ; kabuma^ kam- on cheek nearly horizontal) bama, bille (K.); tattoo m. behind margin, m. of a page bayala, the eyes kadango; m. painted kora. on faces of women katambiri mark, n. tabo^ tambo (S.), pi. tribal m. on temple kurmajo tabuna; a in. on paper or (Zanf.); the Beriberi tribal cloth dugo or diga, pi. di- mark tsagan goshi ; to cut gogi m. on animals, ; trees, tribal m. shaushauta. etc. or of a person unable marksman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma- to write ahaida, pi. shaidai, halba or masu-halbi. s/iaidu ; a m. on the ground, marriage, n. amre, amri, aure, a land-mark (miara; for tribal arms (S.), anganchi ; to give marks see marks, in m. amrad da; m. feast mark, tr. v. 1. (to note, ob- buki or biki, also wasam buki; serve) ji, gani. m. presents (wife's) gdra ; to 2. to make a m. on shaida rejoice at a m. yin gdra. or yin shaida, kaskasta, kyas- married, adj., a m. man j to m. off kebe, keban- miji mai-mache, magidanchi Ikyasta ; che, alamta ; to m. out on a m. woman mache maimiji. the ground shaya, shata, shan marrow, n. bargo, Idka*; m. tvuri. bone tantakwashi. marker, in book, n. haldma, marry, v. amre, aure or yin aldma, amara. amre, damre amre, darme market, for some special arme (S.). article, n. kasuwa, kausuwa marsh, n./ddama, dausayi, (Zanf.); spec, a very small martyrdom, shdhada^.

m. dan kasuwa ; officer of marvel, n. (a wonder) abin the m. sa^ikurmi president ; mamaki, abin chewa, ajub*,, of the m. sarikin kasuwa. ajaba. marketing, sayaya, marvel, v. yin mamaki, jin ma- marks, coll. (cut on face to maki, yin woba ; to m. at a point out tribe etc. to which thing unseen before kdkdbi. a person belongs) shaushawa, mash, tr. v. far/asha or palpa- jarfa, shatani, ziibe, kyaskyas- she, kirba, take.

R. H. D. 10 ; mashed 146 meaning

mashed, participial adj. dakak- matches, ashana* ; to strike

ke^ fern, dakakka, pi. dakakku. m. kyarta or karta ashana. mashing, n. (e.g. of yams) mats, coll. (used for rooting) kirbi. amdme; grass used for making m.ass, n. tsaha ; am. of any- m. tsintsiya*. thing zuri (K.). matter, n. (subject) tada, pi. master, n. ubangiji ; uba, pi. tadodi ; what is the m. 1 mi

ubanne, ubanai. ya/aru 1 what is the m. with master, tr. v. (to overpower) you 1 mi ya same ka 1

rinjayi or rinjaya, Ji*, i*. mattress, cloth, n. darduma, masticate, tr. v. tamna or katifa.

tauna, tsuke. mature, adj. and v. nena ; see masticated, particip. tamnan- ripe. ne, fern, tamnanna, pi. tam- me, personal pron. ni, e.g. he nannu. caused me fear ya ba ni m.at, n. gen. abin shimfida, tsoro, they followed me sun bi ni; with prep, to me mashimfidi ; a grass m. leso ; spec, an old grass m. keso m,a ni, gareni; exclamatory,

a reed m. tabarma ; a goat- me! do you mean me?

skin m. buzu, kilishi ; a niyal

n. 1. (repast) kalachi, round m. tdfin giwa ; a round meal, grass m. tmindi, windi (S.), which also = midday m.

asalo ; a mat let down in 2. (ground corn etc.)gari', front of a doorway asabari, see flour. tufaniya, mayamfadi (S.) mean, n. (midway position) a grass or reed m. for cover- matsakaichi. ing the outside of houses mean, adj. (worthless, con- fern. zdna ; a split-cane woven m. temptible) lalatachche, lalatattii, kwara-kwdra ; a m. used as lalatachchiya, pi.

a door cover kyaure ; a hang- banza.

ing m. tihu, tifu ; a m. made meaning, n., e.g. the m. of a of palm leaves mulli, mui'li, word or a phrase loga, gutsuy

gazari ; see mats. tushe, azanchi, baichi, kdri^

match, (fellow) tsdra, pi. m,a'ana, dalili* ; e.g. there

tsarara-raki ; look for your is no m. in it babu loga; m. nema tsaranka. what is the m. of it? ;; ;

measles 147 meditate

minene gutsunsa or wannan a piece of m. roasted on a tsiri, ina TYioHana tasa ? stick chanchanga, tsire, measles, n. karamhau, ka- pi. tsirare; a small piece of pi. tsokoki 7'iinhau. m. tsoka (S.), ;

measure, n. 1. gen., both in thin strips of m. dried in the fat the strict sense and also of sun ydwara ; the of m.

comparison, estimation, pro- mai, kitse ; epithet applied to portion, one's m. or standard broth without m. da lami. gwalgwado, gwargwado. meddlesome, kasarantam.

2. an instrument or means meddlesomeness, karamhdni, of measuring abin auna, abin kazalaha. awo, ma-auna, magwadi, ma- mediator, n. matsajkanchi. gwaji. medicine, n. mdgani, pi. ma-

3. spec, the foot regarded ganguna, 7nagunguna ; to as a m. of length taki, pi. take m. sha or hade mdgani

take-take ; am. of length to administer m. sa, ha or

. from elbow to tip of middle hada mdgani ; a m. for the

finger kamu; a cloth m. of eyes korino^ giwakamba ; a

about 15 feet zarie, pi. zari- m, taken to ward off" an

. nuwa or zanna ; a m. of enemy's blows sagau ; a m.

capacity mudu (K.), pi. mu- for children dauri ; sources duna; a m. for grain zakka of m. —a tree whose root is

(S.) ; see span. used as a m. for dysentery

m.easure, tr. v. gwalgwada, domashi ; a sharp, thorny gwargwada, gwada, awo, yin grass ground up as a m.

awo, auna] to m. with the rairai ; a root used as a thumb and middle finger ra- purgative m. zagarafi; a tsa; to m. with the hand tdka. plant with small black seeds

measuring, 1. participial n. from which a purgative m.

Igwalgwadawa. is made nandfa ; see also

2. anything used for m. tsuhu, tsumi, etc. ; m. con-

see measure (2). sisting of charms tsubbu, meat, n. (flesh used as food) tsihbu, dabo. f nama, pi. namomi, dctgu (K.), Medina, Madina.

yome (S.) ; spec, thin strips meditate, intr. v. zache ; see yt of cooked m. kiltshi, kills think. 10—2 ; meditation 148 merchant meditation, n. tunane, tunan- expected m. kachibis, kitihis; ne, pi. tunannu. they have met sun yi kachi- Mediterranean Sea, Bahar his. Ilmal. melon, n. dila*; spec, water- medium, (average) tsaka-tsdka', m. guna, kankana. m. sized matashi. melt, tr. V. (e.g. m%t^\^) narke,

meek, adj. da hankuri \ cf. narka ; it is just at melting seq. point ina kan narkewa. meekness, n. hankuri^ han- melted, be, intr. v. narku. kura. melted, participle narkakke, meet, adj. daidai, and in fem. narkakka, pi. narkakku. halal, n. narki. stronger sense halas ; melting, not m. haram, ha daidai, ha memorandum, of goods, writ-

halal etc. ; cf. seq. (2). ten on paper, n. zumam%

meet, v. 1. tdriye, tara, yin zumame. td7'iya, (to assemble) tdra memorial, n. amhdto. to m. as in conflict or op- memory, n. tunane'*, tuna*,

position karo with da ; to m. famu.

with gdmu or gamo da ; tare men, n. 1. (males) m^dza, ma- or tarda, ta^'as da, tariyo* zaje, mazaizai.

tsaya same or samo 2. (human beings) mutane. da ', ;

hdda da, karamta da, sddu ; to mend, tr. v. 1. gyarta, gyara.

m. a person coming from the 2. to patch clothes etc. opposite direction karamta hanke, lallaha, toshe, taushe.

da; to m. (i.e. to reach to) 3. fig. (to set right, to ' m.

; tarha (S.) gyara. taras to go to m. matters ') to m. unexpectedly chin kdro. 4. to m. a road tdda

2. (to m. so as to be fit, hanya. suitable, sufficient) gamshe, mendicant, n., see beggar. ishe; this meets our case mending, participial form wannan ya ishe mu. gyartawa. meeting, n. taruwa, (assem- mention, tr. v. amhdta, am-

bling) tdriya ; m. of rivers hdto, amhache. abin (confluence) m^agangami ; a merchandise, n. hukdta, day of m. (with God on the chiniki, fatauchi, urula.

last day) ran gamu ; an un- merchant, n. falke, fem. fat- ;

merciful 149 miller

kiya^ pi. fatake., dtajiri or might, n. iko, {pi physical tdjiri, mai-fatmichi, dan ga- power) karifi, karji; with rumfa*', see trader. m. da iko. m.erciful, adj. (epithet applied mighty, adj. mai-iko, mai- to kariji, bajini*, God only) errahimi*. gugara* ; (as im.ercy, n. jinkai, tausayi* epithets of God) jabbaru, see compassion. aljabbaru,jalala; see power- m.erely, adv. sai dai, sai. ful. message, n. (errand, mission) mignonette, an amaranth sako, (news or information plant with a flower like m.

brought) labdri, jawdbi ; to zaki banza. It is closely re- complete the delivery of a lated to the native spinach ; m. ida labdri. cf. alayafu. m.essenger, n. maaike, maaiki, migrate, to zakuda, zauda. pi. masu-aike; jekdda,jakdda, migration, kaura ; a place to fern, jekddiya, makirayi; which anyone migrates ma- manzo^ pi. manzan^ii^ which kaurachi. is also specially used of a mildew, n. fumfuna^ funfuna, king's m. fufuna, damshi, laima, lam- m.essiah, the almasihu. niya, rima.

meteorite, gatarin arddu. milk, n. nono, pi. nonuna ; midday, n., of sweet or fresh m. ^ time tsakar mddara rana. curds of m. gunt^ji't m.

middle, n. tsdkiya, tsdka, a and water tsararauka ; a

fi^dka\ the space between herb, the root of which is

two places or things tsdkani; put in m. to preserve it loda,

in the m. of (prepositional da/ara ; to skim m. yade.

phr.) tsdkani; to be in the milk, tr v. tatsa, tatse, twache, m. tsdkaita. twatsa (S.). midge, ('sand-fly') kyashi, kyar- milkweed, gigantic m. or firfita. Dead Sea apple (Calotropsis midnight, tsdkan dare. procera) tumfajiya. midst, n., see middle, mill, n., see millstone. midwife, n. ungozuma, un- mill, tr. V. (to grind) nika. gozoma, unguwanzoma, ingo- miller and mill-owner, n. ; zoma. mai-reda. millet 150 miss

millet, n., bastard m. tumhin minstrel, n. zabiya, pi. zabi-

jaki ; bulrush or pearl m. yoyi.

n., of time gari^, gero, maiwa ; great m. dawa ; minute,

' ' ' ' diga. marua or ragi m. tamha ; the first ripe heads of m. mirage, n. diyal-rana (lit. child before the general crop is ripe of the sun), kawalwalniya. tumu; m. which has sprung mire, n. Idka, tabo, pi. tabuna; up by itself on an unsown see mud. farm ydbdrL mirror, n. madubi, madubin million, adj. alif alif; duhu ido, madubin Juska, 7natso- (iari yoma. kachi.

millipede, kadandoniya^ aima- miscarry, v. bari, yasda diya^

ka ; see centipede, bata chiki*, lalache. millstone, n. dutsin nika, mischief, n. keta, maslfa, bar-

niki, tnaredi, pi. maredai. na ; to do m. yin sabdbi ; m.

mimosa, kaidaji ; Egyptian making kwarmato*. m. bayaruioa. mischief-maker,n.wai-sct6«6i, minaret, hasumiya (S.), sumi- pi. masu-sababi ; machuchi. ya (S.), sumaya (K.). mischievous person, n. mai- mince, tr. v. (cut into very maslfa, mai-ta^adi. small pieces) yanyana. miser, n. bahili, marowachi. mind, n. znchiya* ; I am of miserable, to be or to render two minds ina da zuchiya m. sifiihi. hiyu. misery, n., see distress, mind, v. (to regard, heed) kula misfortune, n. hasdra, asdra, with da, see care, tasaj'i, sababi, maydta, via- mine, sep. possess, pron. nawa slfa, halaka or hallaka.

when obj. possessed is masc, mislead, tr. v. rude ; one who j tawa when fem., e.g. your misleads marude or mai-rudey \

horse is stronger than m. pi. Tnaruda.

dokinka yaji nawa karifi. misled, particip. rudadde, fei mingle, tr. v. chudnya, see mix. rudadda, pi. rudaddu. minimum, kadane*. miss, n., used of an ai minister, a king's, n. hafade, gun, etc. kuskurewa. pi. mafadawa; m. of the miss, V. (e.g. to pass overi f household magaji. omit words in a book) ratsa* ; missing 151 mole

fatara ; to m. the way ratsa moat, baza, gwalalo.

hanya ; to m. (of an arrow) mob, gurtgu. Jeuskure^ kurkura^ kure (S.), mock, V. bananche, yin ba'a, gori, reda. yin kundu ; to m. fii'e fdsa yin ;

to m. one's aim baucle ; shctn mockery, ba\i, bananchi, gaiya, izgili. kuskure, shan hara ; to in. gori, or fail to meet yin sivahdni. mode, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye. missing, used of two persons m. moderate size, n., a thing of each other on a road swahani. m. s. madaidaichi. mist, n. hrXzo,/eshi, kdsashi. moderately, adv. da dama mistake, n. mantuwa, rikichi, dama.

pi. rikita, rikichetva ; kure, modest, adj. (bashful, or under

pi. kurakuri; I made a m. a sense of shame) da kumya.

na yi kure ; to make a m. modesty, n. (sense of shame, manta, mmiche, yininantuiva, bashfulness) kumya, kunya. hata zanche. Mohammed, pr. n. Muham- mistletoe. West Indian m. madu, Muhammnad, Ahmadu, kauchi. Ahamadu, dan Amina. mistress, n., m. of the house mohammedan, a, n. niusulm,i,

uwaryida, uwalgida, m. of pi. musulmai ; the m. religion

slaves uwargijiya. 7nusulumchi ; to be a m.

misty, adj. da hdzo. musulmnta ; I changed from misunderstand, v. yigiche. a heathen to a m. na sauyad misunderstanding, yiyi. da arna musulm,i. mix, tr. V. dame or ddma, moist, m. ground dausayi, lai-

yarwaya, ganyama, kwdhe, ma, dim.au (S.).

kwdha, yauraye, hautsina, moisten, tr. v. jika, jike.

kada ; to m. together chuda moisture, n. damshi, rima or chudaya, surka, yatnutsa, see damp,

yamuche ; to m. mud chuda molar, a m. tooth matamni,

yimbu, chuda ; mixing chu- pi. matamna. dawa. molasses, a kind of, n. mddi,

mixed, what is, e.g. mortar, n. madiya. dannamiya. mole, n. (birth-mark) tadawal

mixing, gdmawa, gauraya, Allah ; an animal resembling kwahi, surki. a large m. yyahji. ; molest 152 more

m.olest, tr. V. tsananta, alale. m. watan gobe ; the m. after moment, n,, of time kyapta- next watan jibi ; four months

wan ido, gari* ; in a m. 7vata fudu ; the fourth m. (forthwith) na7i da nan. wata na-fndu. Monday, n. litini, latini and monument, n., see memorial. racial latini, attanin (S.). moon, n. wata, pi. watanni, money, n. kurdi, kudi ; for masc. ; the new m. ^abon m., on payment of m. da wata, farin wata, jinjirin kurdi; (the only money re- wata (S.); a new m. when gularly used by the Hausas seen with the old m. amari-

consists of cowrie shells, yan wata ; moon-light farin about 2000 of which are wata; a bright m. wata

equivalent in value to a farifat ; a halo round the m.

shilling ; dollar phr. m. is ended the Austrian sansani ; the

is occasionally used, see wata ya mutu ; the m. is new

dala) ; ready m., i.e. cash wata ya tsaya.

down hannu da hannw, much more, adj. 1. (greater in amount) m. kurdaidaij kurade (S.). maji-yawa, e.g. he gave him money-bag, small, n. tsaleta. books m. than ours ya ha shi mongoose, a species of ayarabi. litataji mafi-yawaddganamu] monitor, guza, damo, tsari. m. considerable than this monkey, n. hiri, fem. hirinya, maji-girma daga nan. 2. (to a greater degree) as pi. hirai, hiraye or hiruna ; comparison of adj. and different species are : jan in our

birij kirka, hi kuka, gata or adv. ji, e.g. he is m. cunning ji gatan biri ; a small reddish than a ground squirrel ya likes me m. m. tsida ; an old m. gauji kurege wayo ; he

a baboon gogo, gwaggwo, than you ya Ji so na da kai ; yimki (K.), bika (masc). faye, faskare, e.g. you ask m. monkey-bread, tree, n., i.e. than I am equal to ka^ia son the baobab kuka. abin da (ya faye ma ni or) monkey-nut, n. gyada; oil ya faskare ni. from the m.-n. main gyada. 3. (m. in addition, further) month, n. masc. wata, pi. kara, e.g. add m. (to the watanni; this m. watan yaw, price in bargaining) ka kara

last jiya ; next m. money m. ivatan ma ni ; give me ;

moreover 163 moth

dada ma ni kurdi ; he is 2. (building cement) dama- i; asking for m. ya ke 7teman raiya, damamma (S.) ; to mix kari; although they made m. dame or dama. every attempt to console him, mortgage, to tolma, see pledge. be cried the m. koda suka yi moslem, n. musulmi, pi. mu- kokari dayawa sun ha shi han- sulmai ; see mohamme-

kuri shi ya kara kuka ; he dan.

stabbed him, then he moved mosque, n. masallachi, pi. no m. ya yanke shi baya nan masallatai or masaUataye. bai kara yin motsi ba ; a little mosquito, sdhro, sauro, samro,

m. da dama ; much m. hale, pi. sabruna or sahraye.

bare, balanta, e.g. he would most, adv. 1. (denoting the

receive anyone, much m. relative superlative) is ex- would he receive me ya pressed by a defining phr. dauki kotva halanta niya. mafi (or yafi) duka (or kowa), moreover, adv. haija7i hdka, i.e. surpassing all or any, e.g. fa*, ananan. he is the m. powerful shina morning, n., the early m. safe da karifi ya fi duka; for and safiya; when m. came similar phrases cf. the m. da safe ya yi in ; the m. excellent Mohammed Mu- da safe; every m. kowache hammadu ya fi kowa; He

safiya good ! ; morning sanu (i.e. God) who is m. powerful da safe or sa^iu da rana mai-iko da kowa.

; very early in the m. sassafe 2. the absolute superlative m. two hours after sunrise (=in a very high degree) hantsi. faye, e.g. the cat is m. morning-glory, (plant) yako, addicted to crying at night yaryadi. kyanwa ta faye yin kuka da morrow, n. yobe, rana mai- dare.

! zuwa good-bye till ; to-morrow moth, n, gishi, majihari, huta sai gobe; for 'day after to- ivuta, bam,ota^ spec, a m. morrow ' etc., see day. from a black caterpillar aso, morsel, n. gutsura, pi. gutsure, asu ; am. with red ab- mortar, n. 1. (made by scoop- domen, white thorax and ing out a log) turumi, pi. black and orange wings ga-

, turame. madidi. mother 154 much

to m. away mother, n. uwa^ iya, inna (S. ), intr. yin motsi ;

jatoma*, gyatuma*; children from gurgiisa, gurgushe ; to of one m. chiki daya. m. a little back gusa, gidgusa, m.other-in-law, n. sarakuwa, gurgusa ; to m. a little

suruka. forward guso or gurguso ; to motion, n. motsi. m. backwards and forwards mould, n. alashaf. gusa, guso; to m. forward m.ound., n. tudv^, pi. tudodi. or backward so as to make mount, V. hawa or hau ; to room zakuda, zauda ; to ra.

ra. a horse or to m. on horse- nearer to the speaker zakudo; back hawa doki or hawa bisa to m. from a place gurgushe;

: it doki ; to m. up or upon tdka, to m. towards gurguso

taki, taska ; to cause to ra. cannot be moved ya ki hawas da, haushe. motsuwa. mountain, n. tudu, pi. tudodi, movement, n. motsi, tudunduna, tsauni. moving, m. a little away, mourn, v. yin tdkaba, yin particip. gusawa. kuka, yin makoki. mow, tr. V. yanka or yanke. mouse, n. lera (K.) or hira, much, 1. adj. and adv. (in

. dam hera, damhariya, kusu great quantity) yawa*, da- (S.), pi. kusa; the striped yawa, mai-yawa, e.g. m. he or zebra m. harewar kuau \ money kurdi dayawa ; water m. (or cane-rat) heran rejoiced m. ya yi murna used to connective kyamro ; a poison dayawa ; yawa destroy mice madat, madas] form yawan, da gugu, con- a special name given to a m. nect, gugun, gugin, tuli, ru- mi-kwana-ka-ha-ni. tutu (Zanf.), sununu, e.g. rairai how m.OUth, n. baki, pi. bakuna ; m. sand gugun ;

also tig. of the opening or m. 1 ndwa, nauwa 1 e.g. how entrance to anything, e.g. m. money am I to give you \ the m. of a well hakin rijiya; kurdi ndwa ni ba ka 1 to do spec, a disease at the corners something very m. faye, e.g.

of the m. dacha, datsa; to fill children laugh very m. yara be the m. gumde. sun faye yin dariya ; to mouthful, n. loma, lauma*. too m. for buwaya or buwaye. for move, V. tr. and intr. motsa, faskare, e.g. it is too m. I mucus 155 musician

P me ya huivaye ni ; it is too murder, intr. v. yin kdshin- m. ba shi kai hakanan ba or kai, yin kisankai.

(/a faskare ; m. more hale^ murderer, n. makashi, maka- hare^ barshe, or with pre- shinkai, see kill. ceding negative much less; murmur, intr. v. yin guna- very m. pal (K.), fed (S.). guni. mucus, from the eyes, n. muscular person, n. gyande^ kwamtsa, kwantsa, kwamtso. fem. gyandiya. mud, n. yimbu, yambu, yumbu, mushroom, naman kaza.

tabo, pi. tabuna, Idka, kd/o, music, n. molo, maulo, pi. mo- kd/au, potopoto ; spec, a hand- luna; to play music yin ivasa. ful of m. churi ; a round musical instrument, n. abin piece of m. chibirin kasa ; molo, kida, kidi ; any kind'of

slippery m. ; talalabiya* m. wind m. i. busa, pi. bushe- or sand in water yashi. bushe ; to play on a m. i. adj. muddy, da tabo ; m. water that is touched or struck yin (/wiha, gwibi, gurbatctchen kidi ; spec, a m. i. like a

ruwa ; to make m. gurbata. guitar gurumi or gurimi ; a m.ud-fish, or Gambian lung- m. i. held under the arm, a iish, i.e. Protopterus annec- kind of drum kotso ; a m. i.

tens, n. gaivxi ; noise made made of a long gourd zu7i- m.-f. by the chituuki, tsuki guru; a m. i. played by (S.). rubbing on it kukuma ; a ^ muezzin, n. laddn, laddni, stringed m. i. matsirkiya ; wazanu (S.), wazinu, mai- strings of a m. i. tsarkiya; kiran salla. a stick for m. i. goge; a m. i. mule, n. alfadari, fem. aJfco- played before a king pam-

Ij dara, pi. alfadaru, alfa- jKimi, famfami, a wind m. i. 1 darai. s^>^^^,a wind m. i. resemblingo multiply, tr. v. yawanta, kara*, a bagpipe algaita, algaitu ; a riba I multiplied ; it by ten trumpet or trombone kakaki. na riba ski goma. musician, king's, n. zabiya

multitude, n. yawa, taro or (K.), zabaya (S.), pi. zabi- faru, pi. tarori. yoyi ; m. who performs on murder, n. kdshinkai, klsan- a drum, n. makidi ; on kai. trumpet mai-busa. ; musk 156 natal musk, n. muska. kumbuna or kumbai, /archie muslin, n., used for turbans farche. harsa, hassa, hirsa. nail, an iron, n. kusa. mussel, pond-m. kumha. nail, tr. V. kafa. mussulman, to be a, intr. v. naked, adj. tsirara, funtu,

musulumta^ ; see moham- huntu, da tsiraichi, mai- medan. tsiraichi or da /u7itu, jir ; must, V. (i.e. be obligatory or a n. person tumbar* ; he is necessary) lalle, kamata, e.g. n. ya yi tsirara. we must work lulls ne (or nakedness, n. tsiraichi, funt-

ya kamata) mu yi aiki ; see unchi, kdsau ; woji, e.g. a necessary, naked lie kariyar wofi. musty smell, as of grain long name, n. suna, pi. sunaye, kept, n. suna*. sunanaki; a city whose n.

gunche, kire is Kano birni sunansa mutilate, to Kano ;

mutilating kirewa. what is his n. ? wa sunansa ? mutilation, e.g. loss of hand or mi an che da shil phr, or foot dungulmi, gundulmi. name its price ba shi suna. muttering, jiza. name-day, for a child, n. ran muzzle, for goat or donkey, suna; a meal connected with n. takunkumi. the n.-day tuwon suna. my, possess, pron. 1. sufF. -na napkin, n. kalkdfi, maharma. when the obj. possessed is narrate, \.fadi,fada. masc, -ta when fern., e.g. narrative, n. labdri, aljama. my father uhana, my mother narrow, adj. kumchi, kunchi,

uwata. kunkunta ; a n. place tvurin 2. separate, nawa with matse.

masc, tawa and tata* with narrow, v. 1. tr. (to make n.) fem., e.g. my horse doki kwmtata,

nawa; my mare godiya tawa. 2. intr. (to be n.) matsu. myriad, n., of number ribbi*. narrowness, n. kumchi, kun- myrrh, jawal. chi. myself, pron. kaina ; I m. w^ natal, adj. na-haifuwa, fem. da kaina. ta-haifuwa, e.g. your n. day ra7ia ta haifuwarka or 7'anan nail, finger-n. kumba, pi. (ran) haifuwarka. ;

nation 157 needle

nation, alumma or aVumma. nearly, adv. kusa; it is n. native, 1. adj. (of animals, finished ya yi kusan kareiva etc. belonging to a particular or ya kusa karewa ; he n. country or district) expressed forgot it ya kusa manta shi. by means of kasa or yari, nearness, (proximit)'-) kusa. '.g. the n. trees itatuwan necessary, adj. wajib, wajibi, kfisa', the n. fish kifayen lazumtache ; the necessaries ijaringa. of life abin bukdtar i-ai. 2. gentilic n. (a native) of necessary, to be, v. wajaba, a country ha with terminal wajiba, lazum^che, kamata vowel e or i, e.g. a Hausa n. impers. it is n. ya wajiba, ya

ba-Haushe ; of a town or kamata, lalle ne. locality da followed by its necessity, n. larura, lalle, name, e.g. a n. of Zaria dan tllas ; of n. da lalle, da tilas, Zazzau. da wuya, wajib, wajibi. nativity, n. haifuwa. neck, n. wuya, iviya, pi. wiyayi. natron, n. kanwa, gallo-, a neck-hole, of shirt, n. wundi. heap of n. btirdumi*. necklace, mdkura, n. of red nature, n. (character) hali. beads kutoji ; (worn by nausea, tsanda (K.). women) dumbujin zufa; a navel, n. chlbi (S.), chlbiya n. composed of black seeds (K.), pi. chibobi. kantururuwa, tagode. near, adv. da kusa, kusa, e.^. need, n. bukdta. he went n. ya tafi kusa; he need, v. bukata, yin bukata; sat n. at hand ya zamna cf. prec.

kusa ; very n. kusa-kusa, kur- needful, it is, impers. ya ka- kusa, kulkilsa ; n. to ktisa da mata, lalle ne. or kusa ga; n. to him kusa needle, n. alura, pi. alurai, gave shi. madunkiya, matsiyachiya, near, to be etc., v. intr. to be matsefata*, tamfasuwa, tan or draw n. yin kusa, kusata, fasuwa; spec, large n. tsiko, kusache, kusanta ; to draw n. sumjiya, sumdiya ; a sail-n. duno; to draw n. to j gzva- masilla, misilla; a large matsi, shi7ikaya*. curved n. used for thatching near, com ingn., participial form bida (S.) ; a needle's eyekd/cd

, kusatowa. alura. ; needle-case 158 nice needle-case, n. gidan alura. network, n. aikin raga. needlework, e.g. yellow n. on never, adv. expressed by v. a burnous, n. yarrani*. tdba with negative, e.g. I n. needy, adj. makaskaschi, pi. acted thus ban tdba yin wan-

makaskasta, talaka, pi. tala- nan ba ; we n. went there ba

kawa or talakka, mai-talaka) mu tdba je nan ba ; n. until

pi. masu-talaka, mai-talauchi, now dadai with negative

pi. masu-talauchi. verb, e.g. I n. saw it dadai neglect, n., e.g. of work kwa- ban gani ba. takwana*. nevertheless,adv.sa^^o, tareda neglect, tr. v. kyale, rena, wannan, koda*, duk da hdka.

shdmuke ; (to take no notice new, adj. sdbo, fern, sdbuwa,

of) zuha idanu. pi. sababbi or sabbi ; a n. neigh, intr. v. yiii haniniya. comer haddka; the n. moon neighbour, n. makofchi (S.), sdbon wata, farin wata; to

• makobchi, makubchi, pi. ma- make n. sabunta ; making kofta, makochi (K.), makwab^ n. (renewing) sabunchi (K.), chi, pi. makwabta. sabuntaka (S.). neighing, n. haniniya. news, coll. n. labdri, kisa* neither, adv. ko* ; after a neg. what is the news ? ina labdri neither... nor ko...ko. or i7ia labdrin duniyal I nerve, n. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or heard n. of you na ji labd-

• jiyoji. rinka to publish n. labarta ; nerves, coll. n. dagura. to spread false n. chhiewa, nest, n. sheka, sheka (S.), pi. kwarmdto. shekuna and shekoki, gurbi. next, adv. (as a qualification net, n. taru, pi. taruna, mare- of nouns of time) gobe, e.g. n.

fiya (8.) ; spec, names for month watan gobe ; the n. fishing-nets also rdfa (S.), world lahira, gidan gobe

rdga, pi. ragogi, foma, homa the 11. day rana mai-zuwa (S.), koma) a n. used for or rana mai-zakuwa, kashe- carrying grass chali', the gari (K.), wanshekare (S.). piece of wood to which the nibbling, e.g. of ants, n. tausan {Joma) net is attached (gara). furnai. nice, adj. da dadi; something nettle-tree, zuwo. n. abin dadi. ;;! R aiche 169 nose

niche, alkuki. money babu kurdi ; no one nickname, fakahi, sunan wasa. babu kowa, ba kowa, babu Niger, Hausa name for the wanda or ba wanda.

river ; n. Kwdra, Kuwara or no, to say, v. hama, ki, kiya. ruivan Kwara. nod, to, in assent, v. kdda kai,

,nigh, adv. kusa or da kusa ; n. gyada kai. to kusa da or kusa ga. noise, n. dmo, dumi, dimi, n. hayaniya, hdniya*, night, dare ; sahanin yana* ; yagatu

all n. dare duka; at n, or (K.), mita, holo ; loud and

n. angry n. by da dare ; good night hargowa; a vague sanu da dare, sai da safe unexplained n. burum; a

last n. jiya da dare; it distant n. jiza. is n. dare ya yi or duniya nomadic, adj. pi. raasu-tashi.

fa yi dare ; to go by n. bin none, adj. babu (or ba) wanda,

dare ; to pass the n. wuni babu (or ba) kowa, babu, the

when n. comes or came da last applied to things ; n. dare ya yi; the n. overtook used of persons babu mutum. him dai'e ya yi masa. nonsense, n. wawa, wawanchi ; nightjar, (Macrodipteryx ma- he talks n. shina magana crodipterus) yaute, yotai, barkatai. yautai. noon, n. tsdkar rana.

nightshade, black n. gautan noose, n. gen. zarge, pi. zar- kaji. guna ; spec, a n. for catching nine, num. tara, n. hundred animals mazargi, azarga^gi, dari tara, by nines tara tara. azazargi (S.) ; kiri, pi. kirra. nineteen, num. goma sha tara, nor, adv. ko with negative, sha tara, ishirin d.aya habu. e.g. he gave them neither ninety, num. tisain, tasaJin, bread n. money for bread ba dari goma bus, dari gaira ya ba su ko gurasa ko kurdin goma, the two last = 100 less gurasa.

10. north, n. arewa; on the n. ninth, num. 1. ordmsX na-tara, or to the n. da arewa or fern, ta-tara. arewachi. 2. fractional n. tusu'i. northern, the, region, n. are- no, 1. interj. a*, a'a. wachi. adj. 2. babu, ba, e.g. no nose, n. hanchi ; the bridge of nostrils 160 nurse

the n. goral hanchi ; the 2. (strange) bako, fern.

part of the n. between the bakuwa, pi. bakuna, baki or

nostrils zozon hanchi ; a man bakokuna, da bako. with flattened n. mai-hanchi novelty, n. (strangeness) bako7i- nanakke; to blow the n. chi, bakontaka. fyache majina. now, adv. yanzu, ko yanzu, nostrils, n. hanchi, pi. hantuna. lokachin nan ; even n. ko not, adv. ba, e.g. I know not ban yanzu, yanzu yanzu ; just n.

sani ; the ba is placed before yau yau ; till n. har yanzu. and after the verb or sen- nude, adj., see naked.

tence which it negatives, e.g. nullah, n. koram^a, njere*, I did not see the man ban injere*. yani mutum ba, or less cor- numb, to be, v., see numb- rectly ban gani ba mutum', ness.

babu, e.g. it is not good babu number, n. guda, lisafi ; five in

kyau ; with imperative or sub- n. guda biyar ; without n., junctive clauses kada^ e.g. do beyond n., is expressed by

not fear kada kaji tsoro ; that Ji kidaya, e.g. fishes without

you may not fall (or lest you n. kifaye su Ji kidaya.

fall) kada kafadi ; kada dai, number, tr. v. lisaji, kilga or e.g. let her n. be heard kada kirga.

' n. dai a ji ta ; or not ' when numbering, method of, the words form the end of a kidaya, kididdiga.

question ko ba haka ba * numbness, n. dela, my hands notch, n., e.g. in a tree for are numb dela ya kama han-

resting a load against loko. nuwana, lit. n. has seized my note, V. duba or duho, e.g. note hands. this duba wannan. numeral adverbs, these are nothing, n. babu, babu komi, formed by prefixing sau, so ba,,.kom,i or ba komi ba, e.g. or guda to the cardinal who knew n. wanda bai san numbers, e.g. once sau daya, komi ba; n. but sai, sai dai. thrice sau uku or guda ukn. notwithstanding, adv. sai ko, numerous, adj., see many. tare da wannan, koda. nurse, n. m,ai-reno, mareniya, nought, n., see nothing. majiya*.

novel, adj. 1. see new. nurse, tr. v. rene. ;;

nursing 161 occasion

nursing, n. reiw. obeisance, do, v. yin sujada, nut, n. hcalo, kwaluica, yirchi runsu7ia, rusuna, yin aji, he (S.), the small edible groimd- did 0. to him ya yi masa aji.

n. called also the monkey-ii. tr. V. obey, hi, ji ; to o. a com- yyada (S.), yeda (K.), gujiya mand kiyaye magaria, also (S.), pi. yujeye, monkey-n. hi {or ji) magana. oil main yyadn\ Bambarra object, n. ahu, e.g. a wonder- ground-n. (Yoandzeia) kwa- ful o. abin mamaki; a de- ruruj gujiya^ this n. when lightful o. ahin murna] a roasted is called yaro da sad o. ahin tausayi. dariya; kola-n. goro q.v. object, tr. v. ki; to o. to hazel-n. chanza'^, anza*) labour etc. yin kiimiya (or shea-n. kadanya tiger-n. ; kyuya); to o. to an agree- aya; physic or purging n, ment walwale.

hi ni da zugu ; see also objection, n. kiwuya, makan- hawayen zaki ; the inside of gara. a small ground-n. which re- obligatory, lazumtache, see sembles in colour that of a hidi necessary, (roan) horse, hidi; a dried- obliterate, tr. v., see blot out. up n. kauda^ koda. observance, religious, n. ada.

observe, tr. v. 1. see notice.

O ! iiiterj. ya, aj\ ashd, ap. 2. (to comply with, e.g. oak, i.e. African o., n. gwinki*, the commandments of God) namijin kadanya. rike, I rika, riki ; to o. a oath, n. raiitsuwa, safirchi* promise damre magana, chika to take an o. rantse and yin magana, kula hisa magana.

rrmtsuwa ; a common oath obstinacy, n. kin ji, shishige, is tcaUahi, 1 i.e. by Allah ! taurin kai.

, oats, wild o. bunsurun daji. obstinate, adj. mai-kin ji, he i obduracy, n. taurin zuchiya, became more o. ya kara matanriyar zuchiya. shishigi. obdurate, , adj. da taurin zu- obtain, tr. v. same, sami, samo, chiya. risks, riski, ruska, chi*, Obedience, n. da\i,Jisa'a (K.). obtained, to be, v. samu*. obedient, cf. he is disobedient obvious, adj. zahiri. ha shi da'a. \ occasion,' n. (time of an R. H. D. 11 occupation 162 oil

occurrence) loto, lotu, lauto oflf, adv., e.g. far off, at a dis- (S.), lokachi*. tance off daga nesa ; to be o. occupation, n. 1. (a being (to depart) tafi-, to come o. occupied or busied) shagali, (to happen) faru ; to go o. sa/ara (S.), e.g. the occu- (to escape) ^cAe, tsira, gudu*; pations of this world sha- be o. ! arr.

galin duniya. offence, n. 1. (displeasure) hau- 2. (a trade, profession etc.) shi ; to feel o. jifi haushi.

gwani*, sana^a, antieshuwa. 2. (transgression, sin) zarn- occupied, to be yin safara. ba or za7iba, zunuji or zunubi, odd, adj. 1. (strange) bako. pi. zunufai.

2. (uneven) mara ; even or 3. (an annoyance) alale, o. cMka ko mara. abin alale. odour, n. wari, wardi, fre- offend, tr. V. 1. (to commit a quently of a bad, disagree- transgression) yin zamba, yin able odour, so also doyi, zunuji.

dwai (S.) ; an agreeable or 2. (to annoy) alale.

sweet o. kamshi ; concr, a offer, in bargaining, to make

thing producing an agreeable an, V. taya, yin tayi ; an o.

o. or scent «6m kamshi ; to is made an taya. get or emit a bad o. zaman officer, n. zarumi, zaromi, or jarumi, pi. wari, yiii wari, ruha or riha ; zarmi zarumai; to perceive ^uchsino. jinwari. spec. o. at court turaki, ba- oesophagus, garera^ jannai Juda.

(S.). officers, n., a king's o./adawa,

q.v. ; of, prep, (genitive) na^ fem. ta ; spec, one of the chief also expressed by the con- o. ma'aji; for non-commis-

nective forms in -n, fem. -r, sioned o. in English employ

-Z; e.g. history of the kings masu-igiya (i.e. bearers of lahari na sarakuna or laharin stripes) is used. sarakuna. The genitive re- official, n. galadima*'.

lation is often expressed by offspring, n. diya^ iri, pi. the addition of a possessive irare, zuriya, zuri^a. pronoun, thus, the house of often, adv. sau tari, sau da- the king gidan sarikior some- yawa.

times sariki gidansa. oil, n. mai ; any dark o. ala- ;; ; I oily 163 only

ycidi spec, ; castor o. main o. a horse bisa doki ; o. a

zurma ; o. from ground or hill a bisa tudu. monkey-nut main gyada; o. once, adv. san daya; to do a from the kwdkwa palm w,ai7i thing o. taba^ e.g. I saw him

ja, alayadi ; o. obtained by o. na taba ganinsa ; at o.

distillation from sesamum (forthwith), I will go at o. seed (cf. samsam) main ridi ; zan rika tajiya ; o. (in former o. from the seeds of the shea- times) lokachin dd; in a butter tree m,ain kadanya ; weaker sense (on one oc- meni o. tree mamijin kadan- casion), e.g. there was o. a ya a large tish ; from which man mutum. ke 7ian or akwai o. for eating is obtained gini^ wani mutum,.

shambdna (S. zau ; o. ), palm one, num. adj. daya; o. of you kivakwa, gima (S.), dayanku ; o. another ju- oily, to be or become ndshe^ na7isu ; o. at a time daya ndshi. daya ; o. here o. there daya ointment, n. mai7i shafewa, daya ; not even o. (in nega- jihda. tive J sentence) ko daya ; but okra, (plant) kubewa. o. sai daya] o. (i.e. French old, adj. tsofo, fern, tsofuwa, pi. 'on' used as a prefix to tsoffi, tsofaffi, tsofoffi; o. age verbs to form a kind of tsufa to o. ; grow tsofa^ tsofe, passive voice) a. fsufa and yin tsufa he is o. ; oneself, periphr. for, refl. pron. yayinsa ya wuche ; an o. zuchiya, see self, man with bent back takoko onion, n. albdsa, pi. albdsoshi o. woman gyatuma, jatuma wild o. hahki ; spring o. al-

to be older than girme ; o. bdsa mai-kunne, safa*; spec, clothes ragga, pi. raggufia onions cooked in soup taushi, to make o. (i.e. to wear out) taushe ; leaves of onions tso/e ; see aged, lawashi. old, of, adv. da and lokachin only, adj. and adv. makadaichi^

da ; as of o. kaman na da. mukadaich% kadai, sai, sai olden, in... time, adv. phr., see dai, kawai, kauwe or kauwi, prec. e.g. he only shi makadaichi olive, tree, n. zaiti*. or shi kadai; there was on, prep, bisa and a bisa, e.f?. nothing in it, stones o. babu 11-2 onwards 164 order

' adv. a bude, a sarari, chikinta sai duwatsu ; you openly, have o. to stretch out your fai. hand and take it sai dai ka ophthalmia, dmodari. ta opinion, in my o. abin da na mika hannunka ka karha ; my o. brother guda kanena. gani, a tsamanina. onwards, adv. gaba ; to go o. (to opponent, n. abokin-gdba, see advance) yin gaba, chin gaba. enemy, ooze, intr. v., also to o. out, opportunity, n. da7na, zarafi, zuba, zubo. zarahi, sukuni (S.), e.g. he

open, adj. (i.e. unabashed) had not the o. ba ya samu

o. place sarari dama ; I have o. to ina kirikiri ; an ;

come out into the o. fUo da zarafi ; God give thee a sarari. favourable o. Allah ya ba ka

so' ; if I get o. open, to be, intr. v. budtt ; the a an idan na way is o. an shika hanya or samu sarari.

hanya ta budu ; cf. seq. oppose, V. hana, kara, karo, open, tr. v. buda, budi, bude, yin karo, see conflict,

fuda, huda, wari ; to o. by oppress, tr. V. tsane, tsani, making a hole in anything tsananche.

fuda or huiia ; to o. wide oppressed, particip. adj. mor

bubbude ; to o. out Jida orfide, kaskachi, mai-kaskasta, kas-

e.g. of unfolding a standard ; kastache.

o. the umbrella yaye lema; oppression, n. alhaki, tono, to o. by untying bale. yaji. •

opened, particip. budadde, fem. option, o. of sale chiniki7i zabi. budadda, pi. budaddu, also or, conj. ko. The correlatives expressed by the pass, form either... or ko...ko.

a bude ; to be o. fadu, e.g. orb, n. guda*, its o. gudanta. when all the gates were o. orchid, manta uwa, muruchin lokachin da dukan kofofi am bisa. bude su. ordeal, by water, n. gwaska.

opening, n. (aperture) budi, order, n. 1. (custom, rule or

pi. (hole) ada, baki, bakuna ; method of procedure) bariya; (commencement) /a- tada, aVada.

rawa ; the act of o. budawa, 2. (a command) hakumchi, fudawa. hukumchi, dola^hi. .

order 165 other

3. adv. phr. in o. (in good ornament, n. 1. abstr. (embel-

order, correct) daidai ; conj. lishment) «x«?o, e.g. foro. naado. in o. that domin, don, in, 2. concr. ornaments kayan har dai, a bisa, e.g. he took ado. medicine in o. that he might ornamental, adj. na ado. be cured i/a sha mayani orphan, n. luardya, fem. ma-

domin a warke shi (or shi rainiya, pi. mardyu ; orphans,

warke) ; in o. that not domin i.e. children whose parents kdda, e.g. let us take great died soon after their birth care in o. that we may not who have been entrusted to miss the way mu tiinane strangers to bring up davgana, kwarai domin kdda mu rasa orphanhood, maraichi. hanya; in o. to garin, e.g. oryx, n. mariri, marili ; wliite

you and I will go out in o. o. walwaji, ivarwaji. to take a walk 7ii da kai ostentation, fade. za mu tafi garin yawo. ostrich, n. jimlna, pi. jiminu. v. ! order, hdkumta, hdkamche, other, pronominal adj. 1. (dif- hukumche, yin umarni, ka- ferent) dabam, daban ; o. darta the last used of ; God. words magamganu dabam.

ordered, particip. (arranged) 2. correlatives, the o. wan-

shiriyayye, fern, shiriyayya, chan, fem. wachan, pi. 7va- pi. shiriyayyu. dannan; less emphatic of orderly, an maji-kira, inajiya- various members of a group, kira. e.g. the . . . o. . one the , pi. some . ordinance, n. sharVa. others wani, fem. wata, pi. ordure, n. kaaJii see ; dung. wansu, ivasu or wadansu ore, iron, n. tama. repeated, e.g. the one said oribi (antelope), hatsiya. yes the o. said no, quarrel- origin, n. mafdri, usali, dsali, ling wani ya che, i wani ya sabili, tnshiya, e.g. the o. of a che a^a suna yin gardam,a. fable or story, i.e. what the 3. o. than (equivalent to fable explains or accounts Engl, else) sai, this is seldom for dallli ; their o. is the used except in negative state- same tushiyarsa daia. ments, e.g. nothing other orion, (the constellation) ma- than blood sai jini ; bamda^

halbi. e.g. we have nothing o. than otter 166 over-eat

this ha mu da komi bamda outdo, tr. V. (surpass) Ji,/aye.

wannan ; see another. outrun, tr. v. rigaya, riga, otter, African clawless o. karen tsere, tsire. ruwa. outside, adv. a waje, waje and

ought, aux. V. 1. (personal daga waje ; o. the town construction) wajaba, wajiha, bayan birni.

e.g. we o. to repent mu outward, adv. daga waje.

tvajaha tuba. oven, n., i.e. a pit for cooking

2. (impersonal constr.) kd- bread in tanda (S.), tanderu mata, kdmache, tvajiba, e.g. (K.). ya tvajiba mu tuba or ya over, adv. (left, remaining) to

kdm.ata m,u tuba ; tvajib or be o. wanza and wanzu,

wajibi is used with the v. to saura, what is o., n. bur-

be, e.g. wajibi ne (or ke) m,u bishi; to be o. (to be finished)

tuba. kare ; o. and above, preposi- ounce, an o. weight wakiya*^ tional phr. bamda ; o., prep. wukiya*. bisa, a 6^.s«, with or without our, poss. pron. 1. suffixed -mih ga, e.g. he fell o. a big log

or -nmu., e.g. o. relations ya fadi bisa bahban ita^he,

danginm,u. he spread his gown o. the

2. separate, when obj. stones ya shimjida rigassa

possessed is masc. nam,u, bisa ga duwatsu.

when fern. tam,u ; thus, o. overcharge, n. (an excessive

horse doki namu, o. mare price) kiira. godiya tamu. overcharge, v. (to charge an ourselves, refl. pron., see self. excessive price) skirga with out, adv. waje, e.g. he has gone tsada (dear), e.g. he over-

o. ya tafi ivaje ; the fire has charges yana shirga tsada.

gone o. wuta ta mutic ; o. of overcome, tr. v. rinjdya, rin-

ddga, e.g. he took a stone o. jayi, rinjaye, faskare, kdda,

of his pocket ya fitas da kdshe, ima, i ; sleep overcomes

dutsi daga aljifunsa ; to go me berchi ya kam,a ni ] see

o. or to put o. (used of a fire) overpower. biche. overdo, to shirga. outcry, 7'akadi, suwa suwa, over-eat, to ginsu, gundnra^ ' see cry. guinide'^. overflow 167 pack-saddle

overflow, intr. v. (of rivers) forms in mai-, e.g. I o. the tjin (jiln. horse doki gare ni, ina da overflowing, used of a measure doki, ni ke da doki or ni ne amaiche. mai-doki.

overpower, tr. v. kdshe, gctga- own, adj., e.g. my o. nawa,

!'((, huwaye ; he overpowered with fem. obj. tawa ; cf.

me ija huwaije ni. H. G. p. 24. overpowering, rinjaya. owner, n. mai-chi, mai-ahu, oversee, to taakilta. connective form mai-abin; overshadow, to innwantad da. the forms in mai- frequently overstep, to swaha, sdha. express ownership, e.g. house overtake, tr. v. tdras da, tsare, o. mai-gida; o. of a boat Uhe, iske, chi ma, kwarari, tnai'jirigi. kwarare. ox, n. sa, pi. shanu ; hurtumi, overthrow, n. kaye, pi. kayoyi. pi. hurtumai ; o, with red overthrow, tr. v. birkichi, body and white face buli; hirkiche yiche or gichi jir- ; ; pack o. with wide spreading

kita,jirklche ; hankada, jefas horns takarkari, pi. takari- da (K.), jefad da (S.), jefashe karai ; hole in nose of an o, (Zaiif.). azii'ka, zari (S.). overturn, tr. v. tankade, kdshe, ox-pecker (bird), charki, tsar- kmie, juya; the latter used ki. with da. oyster, freshwater o. 7nakan- yi7i overwhelm, to kaye ; see kari, kawa. overthrow,

owe, tr. V. hdda hannu da, pace, a tdki, pi. tdke-tdke, tdki- also expressed by n. hashi tdki. (debt), e.g. I o. him ina da ^ pack, tied up, n. rizuma. bashinsa (lit. I have his y pack, up, to, tr. v. (e.g. a load) debt) ; he owes me shina da Japta, I labda.

bashiyia ; see debt. package, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki. owl, n. mujiya, pi. I mujiyai. packet (e.g. of paper), n. ri- own, tr. v. expressed by ga or zuma, risTTia. with pronouns gare, the pres. pack-saddle, n. sirdi, shirdi, in na with Iform da ; ke, fern. pi. siradi, sirduna, sirida, die with da; and by the siridda or sirada. pad 168 palsy pad, n. (placed on donkey) pair, a ivari.

Idheru, leferu, lafero^ aku- palace, royal, n. fdda, pi. fa-

mari ; (on head of carriers) dodi, dandalin sariki.

gamo^ yanwo, Tnatsetsi ; a palate, n. ddbori, ddburi.

p. at the back of a camel's palaver, n. kuchi, pi. kuche- saddle suldki. kuche, aldmari, shawara*. paddle, tr. v. tunkuda (or Palestine, sham*. tukob)^ jirigi. palisade, kdwara. paddle, fito, used as a rud- palm, of hand, n. tdfin hannu. der, n. matuki. palm, n. (the tree) deleb, fan paddles, coll. karoki, p. of a or Palmyra p. giginya, pi. CAnoe/ulafuIe (S. yigangani, giginyoyi or gigi- ( ^.),filajili ), pilapili (K.). nai, kdri*, the dum p. goriha, paddling, participial n. tu- pi. goribai, goribobi ; fronds

kawa. of dum p. kdba ; the oil p.

n. kwdkwa, (S. ; pagan, mme, pi. asna or gima ) flowers arna; in a less strict sense of a young p. tree kilili;

(unbeliever) kafiri, pi. kafirai wine p. tukuruwa ; a bag or kajirawa. made from leaves of the last paganism, n. addini na {asna kororo ; nut of the giginya or) arna or addinin kodago kurdugo asna, p. (8.), ; p. kajirchi] to fall back from leaves tsaiwa; p. oil main

Islam to p. rinda. ja; p. wine from the tuku- page, of a book, n. ruwa p. bam, bambi, bammi warka, ; waraka, tabaka, taba'al ta- a species of p. from leaves

karda, shaft, shafe. of which hats and mats are pain, n. zafi, azdba, alala, ar- made kajinjiri ; beams made

kdne, kuda, masiba, wahala, from the fan p. kwangi\

jitsa, marwa, radadi (K.), cocoa-nut p. kwakwan atta-

harbawa, zogi; labour pains gara ; the ball-like fruit of or ktvolo wahalar haifuwa; to feel p. the fan deleb palm ;

jin zafi, jin arkdne, shayi^. the unripe fruit of this p. is pain, tr. v., to cause p. azabta. called kwalshini (S.), shoots painful, adj. da zaft, da wuya, of the fan p. used as a vege- da zogi, tnai-radadi (K.). table murichi, m,uruchi. paint, to sifata, sifojche, zdna. palsy, inna. ; ;

pan 169 pass

pan^ cooking, brass, with parch, tr. v. surya, soya, suya.

; handle, n. algidari, alkidarl. parched, particip. soyayye,

pangolin, see manis. fem. soyayya, pi. soyayyu. panic, n. (sudden terror) tun- pardon, n. gafara. znr^iwa, tunzura, razana, pardon, tr. v. gafarta, yafe rhaTnpi. as a polite expr. I beg your pannier, grass, n. giifa, gufata, p. (excuse me) gafara or ka ad'da. gafarta ma ni. pant, intr. v. yin sheda, she- parent, n. mahaifi, pi. ma- sheka. haifa. panther, t-abji*, rabbi*, da- parents, n. uwaye, iyaye, ba-

misa*. fayu ; cf. also prec. panting, n. hdki (S.), shashakl. parrot, n. aku, jiljilmako.

pap, n. (of the breast) nono, part, n. rabi, rabo or rabu, pi, pi. nonna, nonnaye. raberabe, wari, shashi, sashe

papaw, n., see pawpaw, (S.), e.g. each of them shall re-

paper, n. takarda, pi. takardu ceive his p. kowannensu zai

a p. (a document) laya; a samu rabonsa ; (region) waje, ^heet of p. taba'al takarda. pi. ivajeje.

parable, n. misali*, almara; part, tr. v. (to separate) 7'aba. to speak in parables yin mi- parting, n. rabmva, rabo.

sfdi, kfvatamta, kwatanta. partition, n. (i.e. wall) sha- paradise, n. aljanna. rnaki, pi. shamakai. paragraph, of the Koran, n. partner, n. abokin taraiya.

, izuji. partnership, karo, cf. kurdin parakeet, (Agapornis pullaria) chaffa (or cha'ppa) the fees

fsiriya ; see love-bird 1 paid on the establishment of

parallel, that which is, or like, a partnership, adj. mai-maki. partridge, red-legged, n. ma-

parallel, to make, tr. v. dai- karwa, makivarwa, fakdra, daita. pakdra. oaralysis, inna. parts, which make up a whole Daramour, kumrto. jimilloj. parasite, n. (a hanger on paschal lamb or ram, n. at others' tables) mai-kwa- ragon laya, i raka. pass, V. wuche, fuche ; to p. k passage 170 pay

anyone on the path goche or hanya or tafarki, e.g. the

gwahche ; to p. the night kwa- paths of Mussulmans han-

na, kwanta, wuni ; to p. away yoyin rausulmi. shude^ shuda^ shudi, wuche or patience, n. hankuri, hakuri,

fuche ; to p. by widga, widge, hakurchi, hankura or hakura,

tourga^ ivuche, fuche, zage, dangana ; a man of extra-

zwdge (S.), zdga, zdgi ; to p. ordinary p. rakumin Allah;

! shige near gege ; p. on ku ; to show p. (to be patient) to p. over (to cross) ketare, yin or the forms ending in

(to skip words in book) ratsa -na followed by hankuri, e.g.

chingara. they have p. suna yin han- passage, a mctshigi. kuri or suna hankuri. passionateness, n. hardra. patient, 1. adj. (calm, not passover, feast corresponding fretful) da hankuri, mai- with, n. scdlal laya. hankuri, ynai-hakurchi, da past, the, n. (former times) dd, safiyin rai ; to be p. jimri,

baya, e.g. the wars of the p. juri, hankura, yi^i harikui'i]

yakoki na dd ; the things of he is p. towards everyone

the p. ahuhuwa na-baya; a ba shi kosawa da Tniitane;

thing p. abin baya. cf. prec. pastor, n. (shepherd) makiyayi 2. n. (a sick person) maras- or ^nakyayi, pi. makyaya. laftya*. pasture ground, n. tvurin patois, (i.e. bad Hausa) hd- kiwo, makiyaya. bauchi, baubauchi. pasture, v. tr. and intr. (to pattern, a p., e.g. in cloth zane. graze) kiwo. paw, dagi. patch, n. bmike, shaft, ftto, pawn, to yin ramche.

fihiga, pi. shiyuna. pawpaw, n., i.e. both the tree patch, tr. V. (of cloth, clothes) and the fruit gwanda, gwad-

banke, toshe, shaft, shafe. da (S.). path, n. turba, pi. turbobi, pay, n. lada, biya, e.g. that is

hanya, hayya, haya, pi. han- their p. ladansu ke nan ; 8

yoyi, tafarki, pi. tafarkoki, soldier's deferred p. kurdin

godabe ; a straight p. hanya huji.

sosai ; a narrow p. labi ; fig. pay, tr. V. biya, yika, rama ; tht

the p. of religion or conduct last is also used in the sense ;;

jayment 171 people

bdra, bdre, bambaro, konkole^ of to requite and to reward ; (S.), to p. a debt hiya bashi ; to p. kwalkwale, kankari^feke

;i second time or over again fire (K.). kwatamtawa. 2. intr. to p. or p. off, as Dayment, n. blya, lada. the skin from a blister sale,

oea, earth p. kwaruru, kwa- male, swale; it peeled off ya

hilu^ gyada; pigeon p. (Indian baru. leko, (S.), dhal) wakmi turawa ; heart peep, to leka, lek% rega

}). gautan kwado. see spy. )eace, n. lajiya, limdna, natsu, peering, p. into re^o (S.).

jiatsuwa, wdli, pi. wale-wale peg, n. maratayi.

there is p. between us lajiya pelican, n. kwasakivasa, jin-

fsakanhi mu you can travel jimi* ; a short-legged p. bu- ; in p. kana iya yin tafiya da bukuwa (S.). njind tr. V. jejeji da, lafiya ; p. of dadin pelt, to, with,

.tichiya; p.! (a salutation) jajjefa da ; to p. with stones

^(dlama; to be at p. yin jefit da dutvatsu. fcdli. pen, n. 1. (for writing) alka- beace-maker, n, matsakanche, lami, pi. alkalamai. maitsakanta husutna. 2. (enclosure for sheep,

hill pi. turke, 3eak, n. kai, e.g. p. of a etc. ) garke, garkuna, kan tudu; spec. p. of a rugga, garge (S.).

' saddle kivachiya ; the front penalty, jaraha,

p. of a saddle kwachiyar gaba pendant, e.g. a p. stone worn

its hind p. ku-achiyar haya. by women, n. talhatina, pi. Deal, of thunder, n. t»awa. talhatinu.

Dearl, n. murjan* ; idon zau- penis, azakari, bura, didi, ku-

ra pearls coll. kwan kiji. tunia, tnazakuta, (of animals) ; oeck, tr. v. koto. gandari, talolo (K.). peculiarity, n. (of animate pennisetum, n. (Cenchrus ca-

beings) hdli, pi. hdlaye. tharticus) karangiya ; cf. Deddler, mai-sari. gero, maiwa.

Deel, n. (of fruits, etc.) kwas/a, people, n. mutane, pi. of 7nu- kosfa*, pi. kwas/oji, bawo, f/am (in the sense of popula- tsiyayi. tion and persons generally),

Deel, V. 1. tr. kivare, kwari, e.g. the p. of Lingi mutane^i pepper 172 persistence

Lingi ; (connections, rela- perhaps, adv. watakila, halama. tions, etc.) (fol- kibanta* ; peril, n. hatsari. lowers, congregation, etc.) perish, intr. v. (to be spoiled, aVumma. wasted or destroyed in any pepper, n., red or chilli p. way) bata, bache, yakuche^

barkono ; a large green p. e.g. they p. together sum bache

tatasaiy tivashshi, tushi ; spec. tare, lalache, mache ; (to die)

a red p. (capsicum) kole, 7nutii, e.g. they perished of

tankwa, tsidifu ; Melegueta hunger sun mutu da yunwa.

p. or 'grains of paradise' perished, participial adj. Ma- chitta; African, Guinea, or tachche, fem. lalatachchiya,

negro p. kimba ; West Afri- pi. lalatattu.

can black p. masoro ; the perishing, participial n. Idor

hotness or sharpness of p. chewa. yaji, pi. yazuzzuka. perjury, n. kapara, kafara (S.) peradventure, adv. watakila, to commit p. (to swear falsely halama. yiu kapara. perceive, tr. v. 1. gen. (to permanence, n. tabbatawa. the senses) apprehend by ji ; permanent, adj. matabbata

to p. by sight gani. to make p. tuturta. 2. (of comprehending, permission, n. yarji, yardi

understanding) fahimta, ji, yarda, izni, e.g. grant me p

also sani ; to p. something ba 7ii yarji ; by the p. of Go(

wrong farga, e.g. I p. that da yardan Allah or bisa yar you are cheating me nafarya dan Allah.

da kai. permit, tr. v., see allow. percolate, to yoya, see leak. perplex, to dame, ddma; se< perfect, adj. inyatachi. confuse. perfect, tr. v. chika. perplexed, to be, intr. \ perforate, tr. v. fuda or liuda, damn.

sossoke, fiosoke ; see pierce. perplexity, n. tunzura. perforce, adv. tilas, da tilas, perquisite, a corn-dealer's p e.g. we had to go on board rara.

p. mun hawa bisa jirigi da persist, to zage^, dora*.

tilas ; see force. persistence, ndchi, nachiya^

perfume, n., see odour. see continuance. ! ;

oerson 173 pierce

iDerson, u. mutum, pi. mutane, physician, n. mai-magani, pi,

also (with or without mutum) masu-magani ; see doctor. Irani, fern, fcata, pi. wansu, pick, n. dundurusu, kalme.

/('((Ml, ivadansu, yasu, e.g. pick, tr. V. (to choose) zabe,

some persons wadansu mu- zaha or zabi ; to p. a quarrel

p. who shall be nameless tsinche, tsunche and tsinta, muturn kaza. kwalkwale, konkole, kwakule ;

iperspiration, n. jibi, gumi, to p. up jide, sarbe ; to p. the

! zu/a. teeth kwakivala, hakori, sa- Iperspire, intr. v. yinjibi, zu/a, kata hakori. yru gumi. pickaback, (a children's game)

persuade, tr. v. lallasa, biko, dokin wuya. f'ffra kunne, kuta. picked, part. pass, (chosen)

persuaded, particip. pass, (sure zababbe, fem. zababba, pi. or certain) is expressed by zababbu. means of tabbata, etc., e.g. picking a thing off the

he was p. tha.t...ya tabbata. ground, particip. n. tsin- 'persuasion, lallashi, pi. lalla- tuwa, tsuntuwa. Hoshi. pick-pocket, dan sane. pervert, tr. v. (to lead from picture, n. misali*, kdma* truth or right) rude. his p. jnisalhtsa or ka- perverted, part. pass, (misled) mansa. nidadfle, fern, rudadda, pi. piece, n. wari, bangori; small to rudu. rudaddu ; be p. p. of anything tsibiri, chibiri

pestilence, n. alloba, aloba, or chibri, gutsure, pi. gutsa-

hala^i'^. tsari, tarfi, guntu, gutsi pestle, n. kayan ddka, tabariya, a small fragment guntun pi. tahare. abu ; to break a p. off gut- pet, (favourite) da^i tatangi. sari.

pheasant, crow p. or lark-heel pieces, to tear to, tr. v. tsats-

cuckoo ragon inaza; rock p. tsaga. kazan dutsi. pierce, tr. Y,fuda, huda, huji, phoenix bird, fufunda*. soka, soke, soki, yin sakiya, physic, n. (medicine) magarii, tune, zarta; intensives, to p. pi. I mayunguna. many holes fufuji, furfuje, piercing 174 pitch

huhuda; to p. through sos- pillar, n. gimshiki, gumshiki*, 8oke. pi. gimshikai.

piercing, n., e.g. of the skin by pillow, n. matashin kai, ma- an arrow sakiya, soka, pi. jingi^ii. soke-soke. pimple, bar-ni-da-mugu.

pig, gursunu, pi. gursuna, ala- pin, n. tsiko*, tsinke* ; a p.

de* ; wild p. and red river hog used for pressing cotton dan

; aladin daji, durungu ; wart bida a large wooden p. used hog gyado, gadu, fern, gado- in winding the thread on the

niya, pi. gyadodi, gyaduna, cylinder which is fixed in the alhanzir, mugnn ddwa^ rishi. shuttle tangori. pigeon, n. tantabara^ pi. tanta- pincers, n. kwdguwa, hafitsaki,

baru; fruit p. or green p. madebin kaya*. biribiri or kurchiyar gamji, pinch of, to take, v. tsakura, see dove, gutsnra. pike, n. (spear) mashi, pi. ma- pinch, tr. V. tsamuka, tsakura*, sussuka or masu. tsamka*, tsungule, yin kwan- pile, n. (heap) taru or ta7'o, pi. ta, muntsini.

tofirori. pinching, n. kwanta, tsainuki. pile up, tr. V. tara^ tattdra^ pinnacle, n. kokuwa, kokowa. hdda, tula. pipe, tobacco-, n. tukunyar piles, kiirya (K.), basur*. taba, lofin taba. pilfer, V. sata, yin sata, sache, pistol, n. akotiya, algaxieriya.

see steal, pit, n. rami, rame (S.), pi. pilferer, n. mai-sata. ramuna or ramu, ganwa; pilgrim, n. hdji, hajji (S.), spec, a deep wide p. han- pi. hajoji. garrria^, kwdri* ; p. for cook- pilgrimage, n. haji ; to go on ing bread in tanda or tan-

the p. haji and taji haji, dem ', p. for storing corn

ziyarta. tsunjiya for game to fall ; p. pill, n. chibiri* or chibri*. into hdko, pi. hdkoki, dra; pillage, n. (booty) abi7i kwache. a cesspit saiga, pi. salgagi; pillage, tr. v. kwache, e.g. he dye-p. marina, pi. marin- conquered them, he pillaged nai.

their property ya chi su ya pitch, tr. V. 1. (to cast, throw)

| k uache dukiyansu. jefa. \ ;;; ' I Ditcher 175 plain

"2. spec, to p. a tent ka/a other was put in his p. an sa '

. tozo. from boya, dafa, shida re- oitfall, n. hako^ pi. hakoki. spectively. Dity, n. tausai, tausayi, juyaye, place, tr. v. sa, sanya, kdfa, sauna; to have or feel p. aje, which denotes also to Ilin (or ji7i) tausai, jika ; p. aside, dora, aza or aza ma ;

what a p. ! abin tausayi, to p. on, e.g. he placed me fazanko, tanzanko. on the camel ya dora ni bisa 3ity, tr. v., cf. prec. ga rakumi ; to p. on the Dlace, n. wur% pi. wurare ; ground (e.g. a load) jibe, Trtje, pi. wajeje, bigeri, bige, je/o*, kasa; to p. together '>igi; (district, country) ^ari; (e.g. for the purpose of com- an uninhabited p. ddwa; in parison) kwatanchi ; to give circumlocution to supply the p. kau. want of various special nouns placing, of a thing, participial

and adjectives, e.g. a p. to n. sawa; p. one thing upon dee to (refuge) wUrin gudu another Hbiye.

so also gida, e.g. p. or abode plague, n. 1. (pestilential dis-

of pain gidaii azaba ; a secret ease) alloba, dawainiya, ran-

lolokin asiri in that ' p. ; p. gdza ; he caught the p.

nniririnan, a wurin nan, daga turn by ' the p. caught him nan, e.g. there are many alloba ta kam,a shi (or sam,e hippopotami in that p. aktvai shi).

dorinnai dayawa daga nan 2. (an annoyance) alale, in p. of (instead of), e.g. in wahala.

his place gii^rbinsa, bigerinsa, plague, tr. \. (to vex) wahalshe,

'i-ivrinsa ; the last also = at dawainiyas da ; see annoy, his p., i.e. near him, with plain, n. fili, pi. Jilaye, sarari, to him; give p. to, let him karkara, pi. karkarori or take the p. of another shi karkaroni, kanga ; the battle

koma matsayin wani ; an- p. kangan fada. plain 176 please plain, adj. (of language simple ydba, ydbe, dampara, dam- and open) a sdrdri. /ara; (of floors) niamari. plait, tr. V. tubka, tufka, tupka, plastered, participial adj. ya- tukka, tumka (S.), yin kitso. babbe, fem. yababba, pi. ya- plaiting, sdka; p. of mats babbu.

sdkar zana; (of hair) doka, plastering, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydhe. kitso of hair in lines ] p. two plate, n. tangaram, tangaran ; jaki; hasty p. of woman's a p. made of plaited grass hair kumbuchi. taitai, pi. taitaye ; see dish. plaits, coll. n. kaikainya, (of play, n. (the doing of any-

woman's hair) hijaji, buji- thing for amusement) tvargi, buji, biji-biji. gyauga*, wa^a; hail to you

plan, n. (scheme, device) wayo, at your p. (salutation to

9cayau, dabara. persons at p.) sanunku da plank, n. faskare, gunyume, wargi.

pi. gungumai, riirn/a, pi. play, V. (of sport, amusement) (of ru7n/'iina, kange*. yhi wargi ; music) yin

planks, to make into, v. yin wojsa, yin kidi \ the last faskare. particularly applied to in-

plant, tr. V. 1. (to set or sow struments struck or beaten. in the ground) shibka, shipka, player, on drum, n. makidi. shuka, yin shibka, ddsa, dashi, playing, n. (of amusement) wargi, (of music dashe. gyauga* ;

2. (to set or place) sa, e.g. and especially drumming)

there was no place to p. our kida or kidi, molo, pi. mo- footsteps babu wurin da mu luna. sa matakai bisa. plaything, n. abin wargi:

plant, n., i.e. a cutting dasashe. spec. p. made from a seed pod

plantain, n. ayaba applied kachau-kachau ; see rattle. both to tree and fruit, also pleasant, adj. mai-dadi, da used to denote the banana. dadi. planter, n. ma^iomi. please, tr. v. sa dadi, gama, planting, of seeds, n. biso. gamshe, e.g. it pleases me yo

ni p. plants, small, coll. n. shibka, game ni or ya gamshe ; shipka, shuka. (elliptical = if you ^.) mana plaster, tr. \^ (of walls etc.) e.g. come here, p. zo mana ;

^leased 177 pod

(i.e. allow me) bari ' p. ; p. do headed p. or Niger bird ' or yarje mana. 'crocodile bird' ladin kogi, Dleased, to feel, intr. v. ji7i jakin gulbi (S.). dadi. pluck, tr. V. chira, chire, chiro Dleasure, n. (agreeable sensa- or tsira, tsire, tsiro, debe, dlba, tion or emotion) dadi,ni'ima debo, tuge, tumhuke, zum-

(a gratification) abin dadi, buke (S.); (to p. fruit etc.)

((bin murna. tsinki, tsunke, tsinko, tslge, )ledge, n. jingina, dangana ts'itsige; ; (to p., e.g. a fowl) ]). held for money owing ka- flge,/lgi, piga, tuza; top. out nviiwa*. yin dono; plucked figagge, i)ledge, tr. V. (to leave any- fem. figaggiya, pi. figaggu. thing as a p.) jingina, tolma. plucking, n.figa. ji'leiades, pr. n. tarsowa. plum, n., gingerbread p. ga- )lentiful, to be p. yalwata. wasa, pi. gawasai, gawasuna )lentifully, adv. tari, kain- and gawasoshi; hog, Spanish n.ain*. or Jamaica p. tsadal lama- )lenty, n. yawa, dayawa, kari, rudu ; a tree with plum-like

lari, tuli, bdro, dumbuje, fruit danya, loda (S.). Hialala, tinjini, e.g. p. of plunder, n. abin kwache. words yawan magana or plunder, tr. v. kwache.

magana dayawa; p. to eat plunge, V. 1. tr. (to immerse) zari, zwari, an chiya^. tsoma, nutse, nuche. lliancy, rauni*. 2. intr. fadi, e.g. he leaped "lot, n. wayo, wayau, to form plunging headlong into the a gama. p. water ya tuma ya fadi ya lot, v., to together p. darnra gangara chikin ruwa; see dabdra. also dive, lough, n., spec, a large hoe plural, n. (grammatical term) bent back like a small p. jam'i*. galma (S.), garma (K.). pneumonia, pleuro-p. of cattle lough, to fuda, huda, ka/che, balagiro, malagiro (S.), aran- kabche. gaza (K.). lover, a kind of, n. kyare- pocket, n. aljifu, pi. aljifai * kyare, zakaran yaki, zakaran or aljifuna. assuba, dan raguwa; black- ^ pod, n. (of nuts, etc.) kobsa^ R. H. D. 12 - poem 178 pond

porting of house; p. of . kwasfa, kopsa, kohso, kwanso ; p. tent tankari, kekimaka (S.); p. of the locust tree (dorowa) of guinea ])oles used in supporting a sahdda, safada ; p. corn tsirgagiya. tent coll. shikashiki, pi. shika- poem, n. (in the sense of metri- shikai, cf. post; iron p. karko; cal composition, song) waka. a p. in the middle of a hut shishiniya a poet, n. mai-waka. shushuniya, ; p. of irrigation point, n. kokuwa*, tsini, ga- used for purposes across points above or below lambu ; a p. carried ratse ; letters wdsali. the shoulder from either end point, out, tr. V. nuna or nuni, of which a load is suspended gwada, gaya. taula. pointed, adj. da tsini. policeman, dan sanda, dogari; in poison, n. ddfi ; a p. given the office of a p. dogarchi;

food sammu, kwarche ; in- the chief of the police ma- gredients used in making kama. poisons used for smearing polish, tr. V. gogi or goge,

arrows uwal ddfi, zabgai*, chudanya. yabi, kwankwani (Strophan- pollute, tr. V. yin haram^ thus hispidus), taramniya* kazamta, kazamtad da. (Combretum), kokiya (Strych- polluted, Sidj. janaba, kazami. nos spinosa), sanya or uwar pollution, n. 1. gen. kazamta, magunguna{^ec\XY\da,cfi longi- kazanta, janaba, jaraba, pedunculata), tururuhi (La- jaHra.

siosyphon krausii), zahon 2. (religious or ceremonial

ddfi ; a p. used for destroying uncleanness) haram, abin ha mice madat, madcis. ram. poison, to gubantaj sammache. polo, the game of wasan kwdlo*. poisoned, participial adj. da pomegranate, n. ruman, ruma- dafi. niya, pi. rumanina, rumanai with stick poke, to p. a zun- pommel, n. (of a saddle) ; see gura, zungau. peak, poking, e.g. with the elbow pommel, tr. v. (to beat) buga. gobsOf gwah'e. bubbuga, see beat, pole, n. gimchiki, gimshiki, pomp, n. sitira or sutura. esp. used of the middle sup- pond, n. a large stagnant p m ; ;

[ony 179 post

bmgij gaji, kududduji, ku- raherabe, kashi, kashe ; a p. duddifi^ dankam, tabki, tafki, (when one of two or more tapki, see pool, portions) shashi or sashi*, ^ony, n. kuru and doki kurti, sashe (S.),fasali, see piece,

dukushi, fern, dukusa. possess, tr. v., this idea is ex- ool, n. tahki, tapki or tafki, pressed : 1. by the prono-

fi, gaji, pi. rafuna or ra- minal forms ending in 7ia ffuka, fadama, korama, with da, e.g. I possess much 'lankam, tauga, see pond. money ina da kurdi dayawa. oor, adj. talaka (K.), talakka 2.hy ke with da, e.g. all the

' (S.), pi. talakkawa; Tiiakas- property that you p. dukiya k-achi, pi. makaskasta ; to be duka da ku ke da shi (or ita).

}). talauta, tsiyache. 3. by the prep, ga or with person, a, n. oor talaka, mai- pronouns gave (is to or be- tidaka, matalauchi, mai-tsiya, longs to), e.g. he possesses no iiiatsiyachi, gyande, fera. money babu kurdi gare shi.

ijyandiya, pi. gyandaye, possessed, e.g. with evil spirit, iiulau, tagajafi.

opping, into a hole kudus. possession, n. 1. abstr., e.g. to oppy? yellow Mexican p. gain p. of a kingdom chin kwarko. sarauta. torch, n. shigifa, pi. shigifu 2. concr. pi. possessions 1 and shigi/oji; spec, a small dukiya, tarkache.

• sJdrayi a p. ; p. with double possessor, n. mai-abu con-

' entrance zaure, pi. zauruka, nective mai-abin, mai-chi I zaurukka. the idea is often expressed orcupine, n. beguwa, makaya by the prefix mai-, e.g. the (lit. thorny), makibiya (lit. p. of a farm or a boat, mai- possessor of arrows). gona, mai-jirigi ; the p. of a orridge, n. fara; spec. p. of horse mai-doki.

' guinea-corn and rice surki possible, yuwuwa, yiyuwa. p. of beans, guinea-corn or possibly, adv., see perhaps,

I (in N. Africa) macaroni post, n. (of door) kwabrin kofa,

wasawasa. kwilkin kofa, shishike (S.), orter, n., see carrier, shishiniya (S.), shushuniya ortion, n. rabo or rabu, pi. (K.); a p. for tethering 12—2 posterior 180 poui

horses turke, tuhe\ a p. for masu-tukunya, mai-tukane, supporting roof jlgo^ pi. m,ai-yu7nbu*, magini.

jiguna. pouch, n. tumbi, pi. tumbuna; posterior, adj. (both of time a sort of leathern p. zabira ; and space) haya, na-haya, a p. or crop of a bird maroro,

fern, ta-haya^ e.g. the p. malolo. limbs gahobin haya or gabobi poultry, n. kaji, pi. of kdza fowl.

na-baya ; the hinder part of pounce, n. su7'a. an animal kuturi. pounce, to kawo sura. post-haste, zuwan inanzo, pound, n. (of 12 ounces) rotd, postpone, tr. v. fasa^ jinkirta, pi. ratalai*. see delay. pound, tr. v. ddka, dandaka, postponement, ko-ta-kwa7ta. dandaki, daddaka, rarratse, postponing, particip. n. fasor kirba, kirbe (without object),

tva. ribde, rifde, rubde ; a woman pot, n. (of earth or iron) tu- who pounds corn mai-koda.

pi. or tukwane mai-kodiya. kunya, tukane ; or karipe pounded, flour a metal p. karife ; p. ribdijruhvdi a large earthen p. with a pounding, n. (e.g. of yams'

narrow mouth randa, pi. kirbi, rubudi ; the action oi

randuna^ kwatarni (S.), kwa- a woman p. in a mortal

tarniya (K.) ; a large earthen lugude ; the sound of p,

p. used as oven tmida or tan- rupkarupki. V. dem ; a water p. tulu^ pi. pour, tr. and intr. (also tc

tuluna. pour out, down, off, away, (S.) etc.) zuba, potash, broken p. tsaha^e ; zube, zubo; tr. onlj a kind of hard p. takarna, zitbas, zubas da, zubad do tafarna. and zuhda, zubshe (Zanf.)

potato, sweet (i.e. Ipomoea dole, tushe, bulbula, bungula

batatas), n. dankdli ; various tar/a; I poured out ever}

species are : kudaku, lawur drop of it na zubas da sk

(S.) ; Kaffir p. rizga. babu kingi ; intr. only zubu

potent, adj. isheshe, fem. isha- e.g. the rain is pouring oi

shiya, pi. isassu ; see power- pours down ruwa ya zubu

ful. to p. water in a jet zurara

potter, n. mai-tukunya, pi. to p. out (or scatter) tsiyayi poured 181 pray

to p. out grain so that chaff practice, n. sabo, e.g. no work

may blow away shika ; to p. in the world can be accom-

over (to overflow), intr. tuda plished except by p. aikin or tude, tr. tudas da. duniya duka sai sabo ; (cus- boured, to be p. out like wheat tomary procedure) ada, tada,

I through a sieve or like aVada.

water, intr. v. tarara. practised, be, intr. v. saha,

pouring, zubi, zubawa. e.g. I am p. in this na saba pout the lips at, to, v. (in de- da wannan.

' rision) zunde and yin zunde. praise, n. ydbo^ kirari, the last Doverty, n. talauchi^ talau- also=self-p. ; (of praisingGod) cJiiya^ tsiya. shukra ; self-p. ydbon kai. Dowder, n. (gunpowder) al- praise, tr. v. ydba, shukra; yin

harus or alharud. ydbo and yiyi kirari ; also ex- 'powder, tr. v. (to reduce to pressed by nouns of prec.

' p.) daddaya. with the present forms in na,

DOwer, n. 1. (faculty of doing e.g. I praise thee ina yabonka.

or causing anything) iko, pi. praised, particip. adj. yababbe, 'koki, yi; by the power of fern, yababba, pi. yababbu. i^od da yin Allah. prattling, n. rawatsa. 2. (bodily or material pray, tr. v. (whether of prayers -trength) karifi. to God or requests to men) 3. (political or social p., roka, yin roko ; construed .luthority, influence) hakimi, with an ace. of the person 'hiula. or with ga (before pronouns \. (surpassing gave) p., excel- ; the thing asked is lence) flko. expressed either by the ace,

powerful, adj. 1. gen. isashe, e.g. I p. our Lord for that isheshe, fern, ishashiya, pi. which I seek and for my /'sassu, mai-iko. needs ubangijinmu ni ke 2. (cf. prec. 2) mai-kariji, roko ko7ni ni ke bida da pi. masu-karifi^ e.g. a p. man bukatata or by a dependent iniUum mai-karifi. clause, e.g. we p. to the Lord 3. spec, applied to God that we may obtain provision t kadiri, see mighty, strong, for our journey from the powerfully, adv. da karifi. heathen mu roki ubangiji ; prayer 182 present

mu yi guzuri da asna ; intr. gwama^he, e.g. we p. mutton V. in a religious sense only to beef mun Ji so naman yin addvCa^ yin salla, yin rago ya Ji naman skanu;

zikiri ; to p. for a person I p. this to that 7ia Ji so sallashe*. wannan da wanchan. prayer, n. addu'a, salla, salati, preferable, to be, intr. v., see

zikiri*; call to p. about 4 p.m. better, 1.

so. .^ azuhur (S.), azahar (K.) preference, fin

the man who calls to p. ladan, pregnancy, kunlka.

laddnij makiran salla, wa- pregnant, adj. da chiki ; she is

zinu, wazanu (S.); a leader p. ta chi wake ; to be p. yin

in p. limam, liman, pi. li- juna biyu. mami; prayers said by a preparation, n. shiri, shirya, mallam at a funeral al/atiya tdtali, tdnadi (S.), jajibir,

time of p. about 10 a.m. jajibera, in a religious sense,

walaha; the four attitudes e.g. day of p., i.e. day before (Moslem) for prayer are any feast ranan jajibir.

(1) standing up and looking prepare, tr. v. gen. gyara, e.g. towards Mecca kama, (2) rais- to p. a way gyara hanya, ing the hands and calling upon gyarta; shiriya and yin

Allah rdka, rdka'a, (3) bend- shiri; used in the intensive ing down with hands on knees form = p. diligently shish-

rukxCu, (4) prostration sa/rt€i?a. shiriya; exclam. phr. p. ! ka prayer-beads, (a flower) idon watane. zakara. prepared, particip. form shiri- prays, one who, n. mai-salati. yayye, fern, shiriyayya, pi. preach, v. yin waâzi* and shiriyayyu. tvaâzu. present, n. kyauta, e.g. I made preaching, n. waâzi, wa'-azii ; him a p. na yi masa kyauta,

p. in mosque after prayers abin gaisuwa, tsaraba*, kai- hutsuba (S.), huduha (K.). wa; the last especially of a precious, adj. (costly) da tsada. p. made to a king ; spec, a precipitous, a p. rock mikakken fee paid for bringing a p. dutsi. tuktvichi, tukuichi; a wife's precisely, rah, see exactly. marriage presents to bride- prefer, tr. v. Ji so, yin Jin so, groom gdra ; a p. made to a presently 183 price

, arrival sauka pretence, riya, sane. person on his ;

a first p. as a token that a pretend, v. maida kansa, riya. larger one is to follow ga- prettiness, sha^awa (K.), sha-

rawa (K.) ; a p. sent by the tva (S.). bridegroom to the bride pretty, he is p. shina da ma- several days before the wed- gdna.

ding lefe ; a p. given by a prevail over, v. rinjayi or

man when he sends for his rinjaya ; also expressed by

wife taskira ; a p. by a bride- means of Ji, e.g. I prevailed groom toshi. over the man na rinjaya presently, adv. (soon after the ynutum or na Ji mutum da present time) yanzu yanzu; karifi or raiUum na ji kari- (immediately) nan da nan. Jinsa.

ipreserve, tr. v. kiyaye, ki- prevent, tr. v. hayia, tankwasa,

yada (S.), kiyas da (K.), dakile, tare* ; to p. a person's

' kiyashe; in a looser sense leaving hume, e.g. I prevented tsira, rayad da. his leaving na hume shi. president of the market, n. previous, adj. 7ia-fari, fem.

I sarikin kasuwa. torfari; (of time long p.) na

press, tr. v. taushe (S.), tausa da, e.g. p. time or age lokor

''K.), mana, mani, matse, chin da ; men of p. ages iiatsa, ddna^ dcine, danfara^ mutane na da or 7uutanen da.

dankara \ to p. down tawa- previously, adv. da fari, e.g. ya or taitwi, chdchdka, chusa, why did you not tell me this

chushe, kimshe ; to p. a trigger p. ? domi ha ka fadi ma ni

(lane ; the trigger was pressed nan da fari ?

an dana kunama. prey, n. 1., see booty.

pressed, particip. adj. tau- 2. (food of an animal of sashe, fern, tausashiya, pi. p.) nama, e.g. the lion catches t tausassu. deer, that is his p. zaki ya presser, n. instr. mataushi kam,a hareyi ya chi su na- found, e.g. in mataushin kofa mansa ke nan. a piece of wood to keep a price, n. kurdi, an taya, kima,

door closed, mataushin wa- tam,ani*, sdllartia, haki*, e.g.

{ tika signet. what is its 1 kurdinsa i pressing, particip. n. taushewa. nawal ovnawa an tayal name ; prick 184 profit

its p. ha shi suna ; to tix a jire ; spec, a royal p. hanga their . p. for kawamata, e.g. let banga.

goods be gathered together proclaim, v. 1. to make an

and their p. fixed a gangama official announcement or

dukiyansu a kawamata ; a order yin shela, yin yekuwa.

reduction in ip.gwanjo ; to fall 2. to announce or publish

in p. yin goino (or gwano). labarta, habarta*.

prick, tr. V. soka, soke or soki, 3. spec, to p. the end of

tsokana ; to p. much (intens.) the fast yin ganganiin azumi.

proclamation, n. 1. (an official prickle, n. (on grass, etc.) public announcement or

kaya, pi. kayayuwa. order) shela, doka, doki, ka- pride, n. foma, homa, tama, liye, yekuwa.

tamanya, girman ka% buki, 2. (deliverance of religious tashin kai, gatsina (K.), fa- or moral instruction) wa^azi, din zuchiya, fadin rai, giiri, wa^azu.

fahari or fahri, e.g. leave off procrastinate, v., see delay.

p. ku barfahari. procure, tr. v. same, samo and pride of India, (flower) kur- samu. nan nasara. procuress, kaivaliya, kalwa-

priest, liman*. liya (S.). n. prince, amiru* ; (son of a prodigy, kardma, see wonder. sariki king) maina*, dan ; produce, n. diya, yaya.

princes sarakuna. produce, tr. v., to p. young or

prison, n. kurkuku, kililu, fruit haife ; to p. evidence kilulu, sadaka, salka, sarka, kai (or kawo) shaida.

dakin dufu, wurin azdba, profanely, to act, v., e.g. he

gidan kwaliba* ; chief of a p. acted p. ya yi swabon Allah. bakurme (K.), bango (K.) profession, n. (of an art or

p. officer bayare (S.), yari, craft) gwani', the termina-

pi. yarawa. tion -chi is often used to

prisoner, kamamme, dan sa- denote a person's p., e.g. the

daka. p. of a boka = bokanGhi, the

privet, Egyptian p. lalle. p. of a malam — malamchi. probe, to kure. profit, n. (both lawful and un- procession, n. jera, jeffe or lawful) kura, Hba, moriya; profitable 185 proper

unlawful p. haramiya; to by dade make alone in personal a p. chin riba, mori a man ; constr., e.g. I prolonged my who sells a second time stay in Tripoli to four months at a p. mai-mri; men who na dade ga Tarabulus make unlawful wata p. 7nasu-riba fuciu. da kura; to p. by anfdni, promenade, intr. v. (lufdne. yawo, yin yawo. iprofitable, to be, v. yin moriya. promise, n. alkdwali,alkdwari, WOîg^cy, karma, karuwanchi. wa'adi', to profligate, make a p. yin n, a p. ashege, alkawali; to Jarka-, a break a p. sdki p. msinfdsiki, pi. and warwari alkawali; âsikai, dan karma, to mai-yin keep a p. chika alkawali, 'na, mai-zina, mai-nema chika maga7ia, kama ma- a p. woma.n fasika, karuwa. gana ; a to profligate, p. pay waka. adj. shege- to be promise, v. yin baki p. ym zina. daya, yin magana ciaya. prohibit, to hdna. prone, (on the back) a prohibited, a rigin- p. place bataka, gini. hnrumi*: it was p. an yi pronounce, v. (to declare openly or prohibition positively), see is expressed by declare, kada, also by kada dai, I e.g. pronimciation, do not n. hahhe, har- hinder them kada ka she, pi. hahhina or halusm. ' hana su or kak ka hana su proof, n. shaida; to prohibition, adduce p. n. hani, doka^, kai or kawo shaida (e.g. kashedi, kasheji ; p. (S.). from the Koran) project, in support of to gota; (e.g. of a conduct or statement single dalili. man in a row) saba, prop, n. mcidogara, makari, zaba, billo^ bulo, bullo. tankari prolong, ; see bar. tr. and intr. v. dadi, prop, to, V. dogare, tankare. dade, tsaivo, wanzu, eg propagate, may tr. v. (to have God p. your life Allah young) haife, shi haife diya, clack da ranka; impers propel, tr. v., e.g. a we prolonged canoe tun- our stay here kucia. ûn zamna nan ya dade; proper, adj. the na-kwarai, fern. last idea can be expr ta-kwarai, halal, hcdas, sosai properly 186 proudly

daidai ; that which is p. shall not be p. ba a yi masa sawaha. arziki ba. properly, adv. kwarai, daidai^ prostitute, n. karuwa, kwar- tcmiaUj sosai, hajau. tuiva (fem. of kwarto), falka, property, n. (goods, riches) farka, mai-nema. dukiya, pi. dukoki and duki- prostrate oneself, to, v. yin

yoy% jdli, mallaka,, tarkache aji, ; kafa goshi, gurfana and a man of mai-dukiya, p. yin gurfani ; {pi prostration mai-ctbin dukiya, mutum da in worship) yin sujada, also dnkiya dayawa, mai-wadachi with na, e.g. follow after

and raai-wadata. God, p. yourselves before

prophecy, n. annabanchi, an- Him ku bi Allah kuna sijir

- nabchi^ wcdiyanchi. jada.

prophesy, v. yin annabanchi. prostrate, to be, v. rubda (or

prophet, n. annabi, pi. anna- rufda) chiki, yin ciji.

bawa ; tlie office of a p. prostration, n. (i.e. in prayer) annabanchi. raka.

proprietor, n. gen. (owner) protect, tr. V. tsdra, tsdri, mai-ahu, conn. 7nai-abin, mai- fmre, tsdro, batdka. chi; (hoxxse. owner) ubangiji; protection, n. lamuni*, kd-

see under inai. riya* ; he has the king's p. propriety, n. halalchi*. ya shiga rigar sariki.

prosper, v. 1. tr. ba (or hada) protector, n. (defender) mai-

arziki, e.g. may God p. you taimako. Allah shi ba ku arziki. protopterus, n. (mud-fish) ^ai-

2. intr., see prosperous. wa ; the noise made by the

prosperity, n. arziki, abki, p. chiivuki. afki, auk% katari, katarta*, protrude, to zazzale. yalwata, bijinta, alkariya, protruding, e.g. of an eye

gata, gatanchi ; he has en- after a blow zazzalo.

joyed p. ya sha ruwa; he proud, adj. mai-girman kai, pi.

has enjoyed p. in this world masu-girman kai, da girman ya sha duniya. kai, mai-girima, mai-foma, prosperous, adj. da arziki, tnai-homa.

mai-arziki, mai-katarta ; he proudly, adv. da girman kai;

is p. ya yi bijinta; he to speak p. yi7i raha ; to p prove 187 pull

takcvma ; f\ walk p. one who prudent, adj. mai-hankali, pi.

walks p. mai-takama. tnasu-hankali ; to be p. shxga prove, tr. V. (to establish the hankalij hankalta. truth of anything) gashata prudently, adv. da hankali.

or ijaskanta ; (to evidence by Psalms, n. zabura*. testimony of any kind) kai puberty, one who has reached, (or n. balagagge, pi. balagaggu kawo) shaida ; (by ex- ; position or argument) gaya, children approaching the age

iiuna or nuni. of p. banawa; a boy ap-

proved, particip. (attested, proaching p. matashin balaga',

certified) shaidadde, fem. a girl approaching p. mata-

[i shaidadda, pi. shaidaddu. shiyar balaga ; the age of p. proverb, karin magana^ sara. lokachin balaga.

provided that, this conj. is puberty, to reach, intr. v. ba- expressed by adding laga. i; em- i phatic particles da% fa to m, publish, tr. v. (i.e. to p. a I idan, e.g. in dai, idan/a. thing or news of a thing) provision, n. provisions for a labarta, habarta^.

journey guzuri ; to make or pudenda, n. aVaura*, matu-

obtain p. gin guzuri ; fig, of chi fem.

\h for the next world, e.g. puerility, n. halin yaro. t-epent, seek p. for the way puif-adder, kasa.

that thou mayest prepare to puggaree, a red. p. jan tunka. make tr. V. a journey ka tuba ka pull, ja, jaka ; to p. out ij nemi guzuri don ka shiriya chira, chire, fitas da, fusge,

yinin tafiya. fizge or fisge, tabe, tabi, sa- provoke, tr. v. harzuka ga, katta, sakache, tuge, zara, zare,

hasdla ga, haye* ; I was zari, zaro, e.g. he pulled a i provoked at this saying na pistol out of his pocket ya jifushi da Tnaganan nan. fitas da akotiya daga alji-

prowl, to p. round zdga, zazzaga. funsa; to p. out (as a hair,

proximity, see nearness, grains from a stalk) tsefe, (as proximo, adv. (e.g. next roots) tona or tone, tumbuke ; month) ivatan gobe. p. out the grass a tumbuke prudence, n. hankali, fahimi chiyawa ; to p. towards one-

\ basira. self jawo ; to p. in towards pulley 188 purity

oneself miko ; to p. up a 2. p. of the eye ijiya, ijiyar

horse zami, zame ; p. up ido, rnatsokachin ido.

here ! zami nana. P^PPy, n., see pup. pulley, on a Hausa loom purchase, tr. v., see buy.

on which the peddles work pure, adj. 1. (in a material

chikalkora ; see under weav- sense) tsari, tsalka or tsa- ing. tsalka, da tsalki, tsatsarka, pulse, daldal. e.g. p. wheat, i.e. clean, in pumping beam, n. kutara^. good condition alkama tsari, pumpkin, n., names of different (of metals = unalloyed) saji

species are : large garden p. or safe, e.g. p. silver azurfa (Cucurbitapepo) A;a5ewa(K.), saji — azurfa bahu haHnchi;

kuhewa (S.), goji (Z.) ; a (— simply) tsdba and tsala,

smaller p., used in making kuna, e.g. p. and simple

soup miya; a white p. not cowries, i.e. nothing but eaten, used for making water- cowries tsdban kurdi ; noth- pots dmna, masc. pi. dumai- ing but water kuna ruwa.

mai or dumaye, 2. (in a ceremonial or punch, to Jidda naushi. moral sense) tsari, ckari, da punctuation, signs oUfdri. tsarki, da tsabta, halal, halas; punish, tr. V. fallasa, pallasa p. water ruwa da karari ; to

or pallashe, foro^ yin tvahala^ be p. yin tsabta, tsalkaka, yinforo. tsarkaka. punishment, n. fallasa or j^cd- purgative medicine, n. ma-

lasa, azdba, foro ; a legal p. ganin zawo, maganin gudun- ukuba (S.). daji; purging nut binidazugu. pup, n. kwikuyo, kwikwiyo, purge, to kawashe. kuyikuyu, pi. kuyikuyai, fol- purification, n. esp. ceremonial

lowed by kare. p. tsalka or tsatsalka, lullo;

pupil, n. 1. (a school-boy) dan p. of a woman after the birth rtiakaranta, pi. yan maka- of a child blki. ranta, yaron (pi. yaran) ma- purify, tr. v. tsarkake, char- (of adults and spec, karanta ; kake. those of a religious teacher, purity, n. tsarki, tsalki (S.), i.e. disciples) almajiri, fem. tsabta^ tsapta, tsauta, halal-

almajira, pi. almajirai. chi, karari. purloin 189 quarrel

purloin, tr. v., see steal. puzzle, n. zauranche, see rid- purple, shuni. dle, purpose, n. gmiganchi, hayyi- puzzle, tr. v., see perplex, zari, hanzari. pyramid, see cone, purpose, on, adv. da gcmgan ; python, n. mesa, tnulwa*. to no p. hanna. purring, e.g. of eat or hyena quack, n. (a pretender to gurnani. medical science) hoka, pi. purslane, /am kaha ; horse p. bokaye. gadon machiji. quackery, n. bokanchi pursue, ; cf. tr. v. (as in war) prec. farfaro or faffaro ; he pur- quake, intr. v., see tremble. sued his way ya kama qualm, n. 1. (a feeling of I hanya, nausea) kumallo. push, tr. V. tuka, iza, ije, ^. (a conscientious scruple mrmuka, tura, turi, ture, or hesitation) kumya. zu7igura, dam/are, the last of quantity, n. (an amount of pushing so as to cause ^ one to anything) mashasha, stumble afki, ; to p. towards one- sunmm, tsibi ; a large self ture q. ; to p. aside tunkuda, gugu, gugi, e.g. a hankada, large q. of bankade, kide ; to sand gugin rairai, jibgi, the p. into water gangante push- ; last esp. of food ; taro, taru, ing with the knee gUla. yawa, yawanchi, also dayawa, pushing, turo. e.g. his discourse was noth- pustule, n. (boil) kurji, pi. ing but a great q. of words kuraje, kureje, kuraraji. wa'azinsa saiyawan magana; put, tr. V. sa, sanya, aje ; to see much; a small q. ka- put one thing on another dza ranchi. or aza ma; to p. aside (to quarrel, n. fusuma, jaya, ja- cease from) sa, e.g. let us p. y^iyya, husuma, tsalmi, see aside quarrelling mu sa kan- seq. kanchi (to lay up) aje; to p. quarrel, intr. v. yin jaya, kan- away kauda, kawas ; to p. on kani, yin kankanchi ; to q. (of clothes, etc.) sa; to p. with yin kankanchi together da, in tara ; to p. down a the sense of to load jMe. maintain opposite opinions gardama ; quarrelling 190 quite

with the forms in na or with quick, adj. 1. (rapid, im. yi (lit. to fight) is also sauki, ; fada mediate) da sauri; a used. q. death (or a sudden death) quarrelling, kankanchi, sdba. saukin mutuwa. quarrelsome, sidj./utsu, hutsu, 2. (alive) da rai.

mafadachi, mai-ijiat yaki ; he quickly, adv. (at once, with is q. ya tarikafada. the least delay) da sauki, da quarter, n. 1. (a fourth part) sauri, nan da nan (at ; a ruhu^i*. rapid rate) mdza, ribta,rupta, 2. (a division in a town) garr, kldis, kudis, samli,

shiya, pi. shiyoyi, unguwa, rugu* ; very q, maza maza

pi. unguwai and (in Sokoto) contr. malmdza, e.g. he is

ungunni ; cf . seq. counting the cowries very q. quarters, n. (place of stay, ya7ia kilgan alkawara mdza

lodging) masabki, mazamniy mdza; to go q. (lit. to blow also loosely wuri. a hole through the ground) quash, tr. v. (to make void) fura kasa. wofinta. quicksilver, n. zaiba. queen, n. 1. (a female sovereign) quiet, adj. (implying cessation sarkanya. from speech or cries) da

2. (a king's wife) sarauniya, kawaif jurum ; to be q. yin matan sariki. shiru (or shu7'u), yin kawai, quench, tr. v. (to put out a kawaita, ruma (S.), yin ku- light or fire) ku/uli* rum (of disposition) ; pass. ; lalafa

to be quenched (to go out) cf. seq. ; keep q. kam,e bakinka. e.g. the fire is quietness, n. mutu, quenched kawai ; (of dis- tvuta ta mutu. position) lalafanchi. query, n., cf. seq. quit, V. (to leave or abandon) question, n. tambaya, binchike, bari or bar, e.g. q. this cus- mcts'ala*. tom ku bari tadan nan; of question, v. tambaya, yin a path sau. tambaya, yin binchike, tan- quite, adv. 1. (wholly, nothing tambaya. but) sai which is either questioning, n. (discussion applied to the entire clause, about something doubtful) e.g. if he refuses this you kokanto, binchike, binchiki. may call him quite a coward ;;;

imver 191 ram

in ya ki nan sai ha kira- radiant, adj. (emitting light) wo shi matsorata, lit. jou may mai-haske, pi. masu-haske, quite call him a coward, or, as rafter, n., used in roofs dzara ; in Engl., applied to a par- see reed. ticular term, e.g. his face was rag, n. (in the sense of a small

q. h\oodyfuskassa saijini ; he piece of any stuff) da, e.g. a is not q. dead ha ya ida mu- cloth r. da7i zane, dan barki,

tuwa ; so in the very common dan yanki ; see rags. expression sai lajiya quite rage, u.fushi. well. rage, intr. v. haukache, yin 2. (less precisely = very J'ushi, jinfushi ; see angry. much, indeed, truly) dayaiva, rags, n. coll. ragga, pi. rdgguna, kwarai, e.g. we are q. pleased tsumma, pi. tsummokarai^

muna jin dadi dayawa ; I tsummoki, keso*, chuna* was q. frightened na ji tsoro singulars of both are used

P dayawa ; I q. understand naji as collectives, old r. chuku- sdrai ; adv. phr. quite so ashe, chuku ; trop. (in the sense of da gaskiya, ya yi haka. old or tattered clothes) rdga,

luiver, n. kwari, kwarin ki- ragga, pi. raggogi (S.), tsimi-

hiya, gidan kihiya. ma; clothed in r., sid}./unfu luiver, intr. v., see shake, or da funtu. tremble. raid, n. sati, esp. a surprise

slave r. by horsemen hdri ; •abble, n. (low class of men, raiding of a town bdsdsa. the mob) taro hanza. raider, (i.e. slave-raider) ma-

*abid, adj. mahaukachi, e.g. a lidri, pi. mahara.

r. dog mahaukachin kare ; see rain, n. rutva, pi. ruwaye, mad. ruwan hisa, ruwan sama

'ace, n. 1. (ancestral stock) spec, gentle r. yayya/a, yin^

il'^ali^ asali. yifi; a cloud which threatens, 2. (a particular breed of or produces rain zirnaniya

men or animals) iri, pi. irare. heavy or lasting r. malka 3. (a running in contest of (S.), marka (K.), mako, ma- men or horses) tsere, tseray- mako, pashi, tagutva ; light ija. r. tsatsafa; the night has ;addish, a kind oifijir. been passed in the r.. an ; ;

ram 192 ransoi

kwari da ruwa ; the r. pours hausa; (to lift or pick u

down ruwa ya zuba ; in anything) dauka contr. dm the r. da ruwa; a r. cloud do. jitau. raisin, zabibi*. rain, v. 1. impers., it rains ana rake, n., with two pron^

ruwa and yana ruwa ; it mashari.

rained an yi ruwa; to r. rake, tr. v., spec, to r. togethe

heavily or long yin taguwa, cinders or embers of a fir

yin malka, sarafa* ; the r. aza (or hasa) wuta; I r. u

stopped aka dauke ruwa ; it is cowries towards me na ton raining slightly ana yayyafa. kurdi. 2. used in a fig. sense to ram, n. rago, pi. raguna, bun

cast or shower down like r. sum, pi. bunsurai or bun turn by means of a com- suraye; spec, a large Bor

parison common in Hausa nuese r. dradra ; a red an(

kaman ruwa^ e.g. our guns white r. kargo ; a long-earec

r. bullets on the enemy r. uda. hindigoginmu sun jefa da Ramadan, n. (the moham.

harsashe a bisa ahokan-gaha medan fast month) watar.^ kaman ruwa; he speaks azumi.

fluently ya yi ma^ana ka- ramble, intr. v. (to wanderj man ruwa^ lit. he speaks about) yin yawo.

like r. rambling, n. yauwa. rainbow, n. masha-ruwa^ ma- rampart, n. ganuwa. shan-ruwa, bakan gizo, ba- ramrod, n. tsatsagawa, dkit-

kan Allah ; the spirit of the washi.

r. gajimare. rancid, to be or become, intr. rain-drop, n. tarfi*. V. ruba. rainy, adj., see rain; r. season range, n. (of hills) kuduniya.

dam,dna or damuna^ cf. rani range, tr. v. (to dispose in

a break during the r. season regular order) daidaita.

fari. rank, (i.e. line) jeri, pi. jerori, raise, tr. v. (to make or cause to form r. jera. to rise, also to set up) tada, ransom, n. pan8a,/an8a, hansa;

tayojij taya^ da^ tashe^ tdsdd or r. paid for a captured da, hankada, hau da, hauski, slave gumki, kurdin turu msom 193 ready

money paid to set a slave ray, of sun giraza, girazal free kurdin kariya tttru. rana.

ajisom, tr. V. panshey panshi, raze, to, a town, baji, baje. fanshe, e.g. pass, let him be razor, n. aska, pi. asake or ransomed a fanshe shi. askake.

isomer, n. ag. mai-fansa. reach, v. 1. tr. (to extend, or ansoming, n. pansawa^ fan- hold out) mika, e.g. I reached saiva. my hand to him na mika ipid, adj., see quick. niasa hannu.

usp, n., see file. 2. intr. (to arrive at) isa, asp, tr. V. gogi or goge. i^he, iske, kai, e.g. the boys a-t. n. damhariya, hera or bira swam and reached the land (K.), kusu (S.); large palm yara sun yi iyo sun kai

r. (cane r. or ground r.) kasa.

(/gttbji, gyauji, or kusun 3. (to overtake) taras.

kyamro ; large Gambian r. 4. trop. (to be sufficient as hnrgu, fem. gajiya ; the stink- in Engl, 'the money will r.

ing r. or shrew ja6«. so far ') iya, isa, ishe, kai,

ittle, a chdki; a pod used e.g. it wont r. (it is insuffi-

by children as a r. baran- cient) ba shi kai. chaki, kachokacho. read, tr. v. kardtu, yin kardtu,

.ittle, to yin chdki. karanta; to r. through shide; ive, intr. v. haukache and to r. a second time tUsa ka- hauka^ see raving. ranta.

ivening, n. zowari, zwari. readiness, n. shiriya.

ivenous, to be kwaraka. reading, n. karatu, bita. ivine, n. kanga-, a r. with ready, participial adj. (pre- water in it kogi, pi. ko- pared or in readiness) shiri- guna or kogai, korama ; a yayye, fem. shiriyayya, pi. waterless r. kwazazzabo, shiriyayyu; r. money hannu kwdri. da hannu ; cf. seq. LVing, adj. mai-hauka, mai- ready, to make, v. 1. (in a

( haukachi ; to become r. yin general sense but also very raurawa ; see mad. commonly of preparation for ^W, adj. dcmye, danyi, pi. an expedition, journey etc.)

; danyoyi. yin shiri, shiriya, e.g. a

R. H. D. 13 ; real 194 rebellioui

prudent man would prepare interrogatives or expressions for to-morrow's journey to- of surprise) ashe, ai, ainin.

day don tafiyar gohe mutum anya, e.g. r.? or r. ! ashe. mai-hankali shi kan yi shirin realm, n. sarauta, mulki*, zati

yau ; we have a journey reanimate, tr. v. (to recall to before us which cannot be life) 7'aya.

put aside, whether you are reap, tr. v. girba, girbi, yauka, prepared or unprepared muna yanke, yin sdra. da tajiya hafasawa in ka yi reaped, e.g. r. corn sankache, shiri da izan ba a shiriya ha jene.

so also gyara, e.g. to make r. reaper, n. mai-girbi.

a way or a load yyara hanya reason, 1. (cause) sabdbi, kibu

or kaya ; to make r. (by (S.), sabili, sanadi. mending or by putting to 2. (a r. given as an excuse) rights and in order generally) huja onfuja. gyarta. 3. (authority from Koran real, adj. na gaskiya, da gas- etc. or origin of a myth, kiya, also gaskiya and gaske story etc.) dallli.

added to the term to be thus 4. (the intelligent faculty}

; qualified of persons mai- see ability ; adverbial

gaskiya^ e.g. he is a r. friend phrases, for this r. domin

shi ne aboki mai-gaskiya, haka, don haka, for that r. which may also be expressed domin or don wannan, do-

r. by shi ne aboki da gaskiya, min chewa* ; this is the

lit. he is a friend in reality. ita che dalili or shi ya sa ; it

reality, n. sakankanchewa, gas- was past r. ya wuche misali ;

kiya, e.g. whether this be r. what is the r. ? ina sabili 1 or falsehood I know not ko reasonable, to be shiga han-

gaskiya ko kariya ban sani kali ; be r. shiga hankalinka.

ba ; of. seq. reasonable, mai-dalili. reality, to assure of the r. of, reasoning, n. kokanto-, to en-

tr. V, gaskanta. gage in r. yin kokanto. really, adv. da gaskiya, gaskiya, rebel, n. makangari.

gaske, Jidda*, e.g. it is r. so rebel, intr. v. yin kangara. da gaskiya hakanan shi ke or rebellion, tawaye.

as pi. tawaye. simply gaskiya ne ; (used rebellious, 1 bound 195 reconcile

1 bound, n., e.g. of an arrow various Engl, terms, e.g. a (nra. needle-case (lit. r. of needles) 1 bound, intr. v. tankwashe, gidan allura ; a quiver gidan !

is see count, offered) karba, karbi, dau- number ; to r. â, doka, samu, imperat. up (take account of) zdfia. receive ka7^ho. reckoning, n. 1. (computing, calculating) 2. (of a salutation) karba, kidaya, kida and kididdiga, hisabi (S.) ?.g. they received, i.e. acknow- ; (of edged your salutation suoi accounts) lisafi or lasafi. iârba gaisuwakka recline, intr. v. dangana, ki- ; (of news shingida itc.jji, e.g. we received news or kishinkida (this also=--to sit 'nun ji labari; to r. as a with crossed legs), ûest shide, e.g. they received jingina, jingine. ne joyfully suka shide ni da recognise, to gani*, gane*. nurna. recollect, tr. v. (to remember) '«;eived, particip. (approved tuna, tuna da.

•f, agreed to, believed in) recollection, participial n.

•ardadde, fern, yardadda, pi. tunawa. ardaddu. recompense, n. (both of pe- i cuniary eptacle, n., any kind of r. reward, wages, and . •aay be expressed by gida, also generally) lada.

1. gidaje or gidadaji ; by recompense, tr. v., see repay, leans of this are formed requite and reward, be Hausa equivalents of reconcile, tr. v. gama dadi^. 13—2 reconciliation 196 reference reconciliation, sulhu, sulfa*, reduction, n. 1. (lessening sulba*. assuaging of anything) ra record, n. ambdto. guwa. recover, v. 1. tr. (to get back), 2. (of an account) ran

e.g. he recovered his property gwarne, e.g. make me a i ya sarnu dukiyassa kuma. ka yi ma ni rangwame. 2. intr. (of health) samu reed, n. gora, pi. gorori, kdn yin rangwame, mike; kdrdre, kara,jiniya; spec afuwa, Y>\. he recovered his health ya of various qualities and uses

samu lafiya ; to r. from a a kind of r. or rough grass

swoon yiu hankali ; he is Spanish r. gabara ; a r. grov not quite recovered ba ya ida ing amongst and resemblin

warkewa ba ; I recovered na guinea-corn kusumhurwa ; a

samu sauki, edible water r. bindu, bindc

recovery, n. (of health) rang- a r. used for making arro\^

wam^, afuwa. kyamro (S.), kyauro (K.), p

red, adj.Jrt, p\.jaja,ye ; staining kyamare, gazara*, shenu

r. jaje ; very r. ja wur ; a r. reeds such as are used f( dye garura. making doors etc. asahm reddish, adj. jaja kadan, jache, tsabre; reeds forming circ redeem, tr. v. fanshe, panshe, lar bindings near the ktvam yin /ansa, e.g. we redeemed inside a roof murdaka, mi

him from slavery muka fan- daka, magwadi (S.) ; a pla she shi daga bauta. where reeds meet in t redemption, n. fansa, pansa, centre inside thatched ro

fansawa ; diyauchi (lit. free- kwando; reeds bound 1 dom) also bears the pregnant gether forming inside bin

sense of r. ing of a thatched roof tank

reduce, tr. v. 1. (generally, to a r.-like plant of which nati lessen, to decrease) raxji or ropes are made rama; a

ra)ge ; to be reduced ragu. used as a pen alkdlami;

2. to r. amount of an also garanya (K.). account or charge yin ran- reed-buck, kaji. ywame, rangwamta. reeling, n. (staggering) w

3. (to conquer, subdue) gagi.

chi. . reference, with r. to bdtnn. « ; I reflection 197 relationship

reflection, n. (consideration, 2. (to heed) yin hankali, thought) ttmanne, pi. tu- kula, construed with da nunrm. before the object regarded, refrain from, tr. v. hari, bar, regent, n. makadashi, makad- e.g. r. f. falsehood ka bar dashi, makadas.

kariya-, r. f. laughter rike region, n. waje, pi. wajeje. dariya. regret, v. (to repent) tuba. refuge, n. matsira, macheto. reign, n. 1. (royal authority, refusal, n. kimuya, kiyuya, power) sarauta.

hduaica, ; r. tayazwa to hear 2. (the time a r. lasts)

ji r. km ; to work kiwuya, zamani. riidainda. reign, intr. mallaka ; see rule, refuse, n. kazamta ; r. food rein, v., to r. in zami, zame. kamzOj kanzo. reining-in, n. zamiya. refuse, v. ki, kiya, kinkinta, reject, tr. v. ki, kiya, yada*, rena^ yin kishi, dakile, tayaz ; e.g. they rejected the right to r. an offer in buying and way sun yada hanya ; to r. selling hdna and midaba* as something bad yhi tsan- to r. exertion (or labour) tsani.

yin kiwuya; to r. to keep 1 1 rejoice, v. 1. intr. yin or jin

I ! a pi'omise yin gase ; to r. to farin chiki, yin orjin murna\

I listen kyale. r. i to with anyone yin bishara. Tefuses, one who r. to work, n. 2. tr. bada (or so) murna. ' makiyachi, tnai-kiwuya, rejoin, intr. (to answer) yin refusing, n. participial form amsa. hanmva., kiyatva, kiyaya. rejoinder, n. (answer) amsa. regard, n. 1. (attention, heed) relate, v. /adi, fada. if hankali. related, to be danginta. 2. (affection) soyayya or relation, n. dangi or ddgi*,

soyaiya, kauna, kamna, e.g. pi. dangogi, kwatana^ \ cf. an object of r. abin kamna ; seq. you have forfeited ray v.ka relations, coll. dangi both in yanke ma ni kauna. i the sing, and pi., kibanta, regard, tr. v. 1. (to look at makusata. attentively both physically relationship, n. zumunta*,

\ and mentally) dnba. juna. relax 198 remind

relax, v. 1. tr. (of bonds etc. two days rmm kwana nan to loosen) kwanche, kunche, kwana hiyu ; we remain for sake (of efforts, rule etc. to ; this one day only mu ke yini make less severe or strict) ranan nan. ragi, rctge. 2. (of remaining in one 2. intr. (to become less state as well as place) duma, strict or severe, of anything, dawama, kasanchi, tabbatawa; e.g. pain) ragtt. (to be over) yi7i raguwa. relaxation, n. 1. (in sense of remainder, n. saura, shaura,

2. prec.) raguwa. shawara,dudduga, kanfa (S.),

2. (rest) natsu, natsuwa. kingi^ raguwa, rdgowa (S.),

release, tr. v. saki and in a shingi (K.), ringi ; r. of food

looser sense hari^ bar ; see marmashi, sud% suddi; r. of let. nuts, food, etc. kola.

reliable, adj. (vulg.), see trust- remaining, 1. participial adj.

worthy. (also r. over) mai-wanzuwa.

relieve, tr. v. (e.g. one of a 2. (continuing) mai-da- load) tariyo* assist) wama. ; (to see help. 3. n. (continuance, staying)

religion, n. addini ; the true dawdma, tdbbata.

r. addinin gaskiya ; the mo- remains, see remainder.

r. remedy, n. (in medicinal hammedan musidumchi ; and he was converted to the also in general sense) ma-

mohammedan r. ya zama gani, e.g. the Jilasko plant is

musulmi. a r. for diarrhoea Jilasko

religious n. maganin v. if person, mai- gudawa ; pro

addini, pi. masu-addini. a town be far off the r. is rely on, v. dangana, ingata, travel maganin gari da nesa constr. with da or ga, yarda tajiya.

with da; to r. on God ka- remember, v. tuna \ to come

sada; to r. upon a person to r. tuna with da before shaduda or saduda. object. remain, intr. v. 1. (of staying remembrance, n. (recollec- or stopping in a place) zamna, tion) tunanne, tunawa, tun-

zau7ia, kasanchi*, kwana (lit. tuna. sleep), e.g. we remained there remind, to taso*^ tuna ma. i -emiss 199 repel

i^emiss, adj. lalafa. 3. (to translate) ,juya., sail- :'einission, n. (forgiveness) gaya, fasara, yin fa^iara.

fara-^ yafetca*. 4, (to cause to be or be- "emissly, adv. da lalafan- come) periphr- e.g. the heat

chi. of the fire rendered his face i-"emissness, n. lalafanchi. very red zafivi wuta ya sa

:'eniit, tr. v. (to forgive) yarda, Juskassa ta zamaja nnir.

(jafarta, yhi gafara ; to r. a rending, n. fatattdka, tsdga,

debt yarda hashi', to r. a see tearing, law tsaida. renew, to sabunta; renewing remnant, e.g. after cloth has sabunchi (K.), sahuntaka. been measured, n. gutsura, (s.). see remainder. rent, n. ijara, sufui'i. :'emorse, n. nmldma (S.), ni- rent, tr. v. (of houses, etc.) siifui'che, sit/urchi, sufurta, ddma, laddma, da-nct-sani ; where there is no wrong, yin sufuri.

there is no r. hahu laifi, habu repair, tr. v. (to mend) gy- gyara, lallaba*, yin . tunanne. arfa,

*emote, adj. 1. (distant in adana.

place) na nesa ; also da nesa repairing, adana.

and daga nesa^ e.g. a r. town repast, n. 1. (a meal) kalachi.

(jari da nesa. 2. (food, victuals) abinchi,

2. (distant in time) na dd^ chima, chimaka.

also da wuri or dauri, e.g. r. repay, to yika. customs tadodi na dd. repeal, tr. v. kauda, e.g. the "emoval, kaura. king repealed the prohibition

remove, tr. v. kauda, kaushe, sariki ya kauda doka.

kauwa^ kawas^ katva^ da. repeat, v. 1. (to do again), see

fend, tr. V. keche, kiche, keta, again ; to r. an action yin

murtsuka, tsdga ; to r. in maimai, maimaita, kdra, pieces yato^e, tsatsaga. ribhi *.

render, tr. v. 1. (to give) ha 2. (to say a thing over or hada. again) tusa.

2. (of an account, to give, repel, tr. v. kora^ kore ; to be

give in, present) to r. an repelled (of an arrow, etc.)

' account yin lisafi. tankwashe. repent 200 resign repent, intr. v. tuba, e.g. re- 2. intr. (to lie, to be

pent ! Ml tuba ; if he refuses placed) pass, of aje and sa-,

to r. idan ya ki tuba. (to lie at rest) kwana^ repentance, n. tuba, nidama, reprehend, tr. v. (to reprove,

naddma {^.), laddma. censure), see blame, repents, one who, n. mai-tuba. reprehensible, adj. da laiH repetition, (i.e. doing any- representative, n. (an agent thing over again) takidi*. or substitute) wakili. reply, n. amsa, amshe ; to give a repress, kwdbe, kwdba, kwdbo,

r. ba (or bada) amsa ; cf. seq. see hinder, reply, intr. v. amsa, yin amsa, reproach, n. zargi, zagi. e.g. he replied to them ya reproach, tr. v. yin zagi,

amsa ma s^i or ya yi ma su bache. amsa. reproaching, zagi, zage.

report, n. 1. (rumour, news) reproof, n. foro ; harasa, ra-

labdri, e.g. we heard a r. rauka (K.). about war m,uka ji labarin reprove, tr. v. yin foro.

yaki. reptile, n. mair.arrafe, pi,

2. (fame, repute) ydbo. niOySU-rarrafe, abin kasa, igi- 3. (noise of gun) dmo*, yar kasa, kdrar bindiga. reputation, n. yabo, suna,

4. false r. tsegumi, pi. e.g. his r. spread throughout tsegungum.a. the Sudan mutane duka su report, v. (to bring news) yin ji sunansa chikin Sudan. labdri, ba (or bada or fadi) requital, n. /ansa, ^yansa,

labdri] to r. against (to hansa, saka-mako.

inform against) sare, sara. requite, tr. v. biya (in ; a bad repose, n. 1. (lying at rest) as well as good sense) rama. kwantawa. rescue, tr. v. kwache or kwashe; 2. (rest, quietness) futa, see also deliver, futawa. resemble, to daidaiche, yin 3. (sleep) barchi, kwana. kama. repose, v. 1. tr., to n con- reserve, (i.e. suppoi*t in war) fidence in sa with bisa or bisa ribadi.

ga and substantives given reside, intr. v., see dwell,

under confidence, q.v. resign, tr. v. (to give up, ; ;

resignation 201 retained

abandon) hari, bar to r. ; futa, fucha, yin mugdTna ; (to office rnaida rawani. be laid, placed) pass, of aje, resignation, n. hankuri, hansa. kura, hakura, hakuri. resting-place, n. (lodging) ma-

resigned, to be, v. jin sanyi, shidi ; his last resting-place also hcmkuri with yi or the makwanchinsa,

forms in na, e.g. I am r. to restitution, make, v. rama. this i7ia hankuri da wannan restive, be, intr. v. yin tuma.

he was r. to this pain ya yi restlessness, kiriniya.

hankuri da azaban nan. restore, tr. v. 1. (to give or bring resist, tr. v. (gen. to withstand, back) maida, mayas, kwanda,

baffle) hana ; to r., request ramka, bayas da.

etc. hana q.v., ki ji, e.g. he 2. (to make good) rama.

resisted every 3. (to r. to life) proposal ya ki raya ; (to ji magana duka. be restored to life) rayu. resistance, n. in sense of prec. 4. (to renew) sabimta. init. hanawa, makatva. restrain, tr. v. hana, kwdbe,

resolution, (i.e. firmness) ha- kwdba, kwdbo, tsere ; see rama, hazama. hinder.

respect, n. (i.e. esteem) hasafi, result, n. akiba. kauna. resurrection, n. tashi daga respond, v. (to answer) amsa^ matattu, tayaswa, kiydma yin amsa. the r. day ranari gobe rest, n. 1. {YQmm.iidkiv) shawara, (lit. the day of to-morrow), x(mra, kingi, shingi (K.). ran gobe, ranal (or ranan) 2. (repose, quiet)futa,ffau, kiyama; periphr. the day j'x tawa, hutawa, mugdma *, when the sounder of the cf. repose; (of the grave) trumpet shall sound ranad

place of r. makwanchi da mai-busa ; (of ya busa kafo death) the last r. makarin nasa, barchi. retail, a r. seller of corn dan rest, V. 1. tr. (to lay, place) aje, kwarami, mai-sari * ; retailers ^v<, e.g. he rested his hands yan shimfida. on the book ya sa hannu- retain, tr. v. rike, rika, riki*. ' wansa bisa litafi. retained, particip. rikakke, 2. intr. (to be at rest) fern, rikakkiya, pi. rikakku. ;; ; retainer 202 retainer, to become a r. of freer sense (= to honour) gir- yin chaffa (or chappa). mama, and hada girma. retaliate, intr. v. rama, saka, revile, tr. v. yui zagi, fallasa see revenge, or pallasa, kwdla. retaliation, n. (in a good as reviling, zage, zagi. well as bad ^Qn^o) saka-mako', revive, intr. v. (as from faint- see requital, ing) farko. retch, to yunkura. revolt, n. tawaye. retching, n. yunkuri. revolt, to danka shappa, yin retire, to r. into shelter tawaye.

7ioke. reward, n. lada, akiba. retreat, to ja da haya. reward, tr. v., see requite. return, n. dawaya. rhinoceros, n. kili/ori, kilhore

return, intr. v. koma ; to r. to (a Fullani word), karkanda*.

where the speaker is, to r. rib, n. awoza, awaza (S.), pi.

here komo, dawo, dawayo awazu, awazai ; ribs coll.

to r. from a place dawaya; hakarkari.

to r., tr. V. mayas da, mayar rice, n. shinkafa, more parti-

da. cularly = r. in the husk

returning, n. (of place) ko- husked, clean r. shinkafa, mawa, kome, pi. kome-kome sanshera, surfaffe, gumi

state, = tuft of r. geza, pi. (of a changing back, gezuna ;

reversion) juyawa, waiwai- the swelling of r. when

yawa. boiled auki, abki ; a soft

reveal, tr. v. gdya, waye, 7tuna, mash of r. fate-fate ; a mix-

e.g. they revealed the secret ture of r., milk and honey

to the king sun gdya asirin gumha; a cake made of r.

nan ga sariki. and guinea-corn masa ; a

revenge, n. /ansa, pansa, cake made of r., oil and

hansa, ramuwa, tarna. honey tsatsafa ; a large rice-

' revenge, v. rdma, zoje ; see bag saulo; hungry' r. acha;

requite, a dark coloured kind of r.

revere, tr. v. ; cf. seq. jimero* ; r. husks (used for reverence, n. kwarjini. washing ink off writing

reverence, tr. v. tsarkaka, boards) buntu, shefe.

tsarkaki, charkaka and, in rich, adj. 1. (wealthy, also ;

rich 203 ring

concr., a r. man) mai-dukiya, 3. (claim) alhaki ; to be i)iawadach% pi. mawadata. in the r. in a dispute hu- 2. (abundant) dayawa. janta. n 3. (splendid as ' r. dress ') 4. (the opposite of left) I na ado, fern, ta ado. dama. raich, to be, intr. v. tajarta, ajar- right, adj. 1. (in conformity with ia, ivadata, walata, yalwata. truth and justice) da gaskiya, riches, coll. dukiya, pi. dukoki da gaske, or simply gaskiya, or dukiyoyi, wada, wadachi, nakwarai*, ddili ; to be r. itrziki, ajiya, dfajirchi, ta- inganta, ingata, see also jirchi, falaJa, gatanchi. lawful, proper. riddle, n.marauchi, zauranche. 2. (opposed to left) na-

ride, intr. v., express by pe- danna, fem. ta-dama\ the r. riphr., e.g. he was riding hand (i.e. the bodily mem-

along yana tafe hisa doki ber) hannu na dama ; the r. I rode to the town na hau side wajen da^na.

doki na taji gari ; spec, to r. righteousness, n. adilchi. at a gallop sukuwa (Kano), rightly, adv. (truthfully, justly) !

rider, n. mai-doki, pi. masu- kwarai, sarai, e.g. if I r. doki, mahayi ; an expert r. understand you will come to gwani7i doki. this house in the eveninoj ridge, n. kokuwa ; a ridge in idan na ji kwarai za ku zo a field kunya, coll. kiviya gidanga da mareche ; he did

(S.), kadada. not count them r. bai kil- ridicule, tr. r. ddra, shamata-, ga su sarai ha.

he turned him into r. ya rind, n. fdfM, pdta, hawo, hawa. ha shi dariya. ring, n. zohe ; seal r., signet r. riding, zaman sirdi ; a place zohe7i shaida ; finger r. ka- for r. in fagen doki ; a place wainya; a metal r. placed for riding in at the gallop round the hands and legs i masukwani. of women karafa, chakan- right, n. 1. gen. gaskiya. kami; a r. put through a 2. (authority or privilege) man's lower lip baibayi* \ a

iko, pi. ikoki, inganchi. leather r. J worn as a charm rings 204 roasting

on the wrist kumbu, kum- koguna, kogina or kogai ; the

huwa, see kdrau. r. of paradise kausara and

r. rings, coll. arm mundaye ; alkausara.

foot r. mundayen kafa. river-horse, hippopotamus, n. ringworm, makero, kyazhi dorina, pi. dorinnai.

(K.), kyasfi (S.). rivers, confluence of, n. magan- _ rinse, tr. v. darwaye, darwaya. gami. rip, tr. V. keta, participial n. road, n. hanya, hayd*', pi.

ketuwa, ketawa ; see tear, hanyoyi, bube, godabe, ta- ripe, adj. iiuna, nina (S.) or fark% pi. tafarkoki, turba,

nu7ianne, pi. nunannu. pi. turbobi; on the r. (tra- ripe, to be, intr. v. n%na (S.), velling) chikin tajiya; he is

; nuna (K.), yin tdbo to be on the r. yana tajiya ; do you

over-r. kosa. know your r. from this points ripeness, tdbo, tafshi, tabshi, ka sani hanya daga nan ko 1

tapshi*. a broad r. godabe, rimdi, rise, n., of a fish bulma, burma ', karabka, karauka (S.) ; a

of a star keto. hedged r. between farms rise, intr. v. tashi ; to cause to used by cattle burtali.

r. tctshe ; to r. up taso, gusa, roads, n. branching off of r.

gulgusa, gurgusa ; to r. up (pi. of kwasfa) kwoMfoji ;

against yin Jirmaki ; to r. dividing of r. laloki, loloki,

karu to r. high (of the sun) ; pi. lulokai ; meeting-point of

(to swell, of anything cook- two or more r. mararrabin ing or fermenting) yin auki

or yin abki. roar, n. kugi, tsawa; r. of a rising, participial n. tashi, lion gumza.

tasawa ; tayaswa is used in roar, intr. v. yin tsawa, yhh resurrection, (of camel, sense of kugi, yin kuka ; risk, n., he ran a great r. ya donkey, fire, etc.) yin ruri:

sha hdtsari dayawa. roast, tr. V. soya or suya, rivalry, n. kishi, gdsa, hamiya. bandata, gdsa, the last used river, n. ruiva, pi. ruwaye, e.g. with gurasa bread,

the r. Benue ruwan tsada ; roasted, particip. gasashshe, gulbi, pi. gulabe, tabki, tapki fem. gasashshiya, pi. gasassu.

or tafki ; a large r. kogiy pi. roasting, banda, gdshi. ; ; rob 205 roof

rob, tr. V. (to take openly, by ninke ; to r. into balls as clay force) ktvache. for building chibra, tsibra^ robber, n., one who robs openly chura, dunkida ; intr. and

mai-sane ; a highway r. (bri- reflexive to r. up or together

. gand) mafaxhi, mai-fashe, pi. nadu. mdfasa. roller, (bird) tsanwaka. robbery (with violence), par- roller, i.e. a stone used for maki. crushing rice etc., n. dan robe, n. riga, pi. riguna magurji.

splendid robes riguna na rolling, particip. n. birgimia] r.

ado ; silken robes riguna na down gangaraiva and ganga7'o. alharini. roof, n. jinka; the following robe, tr. V. sa (lit. put on), e.g. apply to the native thatched

they shall be robed in white roofs ; the centre of r. k wan-

a sa ma su rigu7ia farfaru. do ; the conical grass top of a

rock, n. dutsi, pi. duwatsu, r. boto ; a beam to support a

duchi, falale, J\ pa. r. dirka ; a binding line in-

rock, tr. V. (to shake or swing side r. formed of two or three

• to and fro) reta^ yin reto. reeds mirdaka, murdaka ; a

rock-salt, n. gallo. band of grass rope outside a r.

rod, n. sanda, pi. sanduna. jiniya; an arched r. damren- rogue, n. mazambache mai- guga^dauren-guga; an oblong

zambata. r. bakan-gizo ; to bind grass

roll, V. 1. (to move along by with cords so as to form a r. turning over and over) tr. yamche or yamchi, yin kan-

. bingira, mirgina, mirgine, dama ; the plaited mat-work laydta, layache, yin birgima which acts as the keystone

intr. to r. down gangara of a conical r. kirinya ; the

or gangari ; to r. away horizontal ties of grass which gangarad da. bind the sloping rafters of

2, (to fold round on itself) a r. tanka ; the sticks which tr. ndde; to r. together or slope from the upright poles

up ndde ; to r. up kalmdsa of a r. to the cross piece

or r. kalmashe; to up, e.g. imafyadi) tsaiko ; the cross a covering of a doorway, or pieces tied to the sloping a piece of cloth etc. linke, sticks {tsaiko) for the grass ;

room 206 rope

of the r. to rest upon karan saiwa (K.), saye (S.), p).

tanka ; the sticks placed in a sayu, sauya (Kats.) ; r. of a r. to prevent the grass from tree tushi.

slipping down kini ; the rope, n. gen. igiya, pi. igiyoyi, part highest of the inside of yagiya (S.); to plait a r,

a r. kwankuwa, kokuwa; a tumka (S.) or tukka (K.) igi- cross piece of wood which ya; spec, of various uses and rests on two {gofa) sticks materials : a r. for hobbling and supports the r. of a horse tarnaki, dangwali, da-

house mafyadi ; the apex of baibayi (K.), dabaibiya (S.);

a r. kan daki ; house with a r. for leading a horse dsal-

flat r. soro ; upper storey of wayi ; a r. halter for horses or

such a house sm^on bene ; a camels m^ama; a r. (also coll.)

flat mud r. rufi. tied to anything, e.g. to a

room, n. 1. open, unoccupied rafter ragaya; a r. tying a space in sense sarari horse's any leg to a post gindi ; a unoccupied space on a flat r. for tying up a camel dkala ; surface as a plain, a floor a r. fastened between two Jili, e.g. there was no r. for posts to which animals are

(putting down) my load hahu tied rande; a r. used for Jili ga kayana^ cf. seq. tying a thief kogawa-, a

2. an apartment or r. in a twisted hide r. kiri, pi. kirra',

house cLdki^ pi. dakuna; a materials for r. (plaited grass, private sleeping r. baraya palm leaves, fibre) tsaiwa;

(S.); an upper r. in a two- leaves and fibre from a large

storeyed house, bene ; a small species of palm for r. kaba^

dark r. loloki, laloki, pi. lolo- yadiya) a fibre for making r.

kai or Idlokaye ; a r. made of yawa; a reed -like plant mud and thatched with reeds (Hibiscus cannabinus) for tsaiko. making r. which is called by

room, to have plenty of r. to the same name rama] a r.

sit down, intr. v. wala. made of rama^ tamagi^ ta- room.y, adj. mai-sai-ari, da magye; a large tree from the

is sarari J e.g. this chamber bark of which small ropes are

r. dakin nan yana da sarari. made tawatsa ; a trailing r. root, n. (of vegetables, etc.) plant kuranga, see also raba. rosewood 207 rub

rosewood, African r. mado- dauraro ; prep, kewaye, e.g.

biya. they made a road r. the rot, intr. v. (to putrefy) riba, pool sun gina hanya ke- ruba (to bache. ; go bad) wayen tahki; the storm is

by, 1. n., r. rote, saying by going r. over there hadari tidawa. yaua zagawa.

2. v., to say by r. yiyi rouse, tr. v. (to make rise, e.g. tidawa; to learn so as to from the ground or from say by r. (by heart) samxi sleep) tashe, tayas, falkad da. harda. rout, n. kdshi, to put to r. rotten, particip. adj. (of fruit, hada kdshi. etc.) rubabbe, fern, rubabbiya, row, n. (series, line, rank) sdfu, pi. rubabbuj (of corn) tsadari, jeri ; to form a r. yin sdfu ; gen. batache^ fern, batachiya, in 8i V. a jere ; to lay out in pi. batattu^ a lalache to ; rows tsdra, tsdre. become r. ruba, riba. row, n. (angry dispute), see rough, adj. da kaushi, da kxir- dispute, quarrel ; (noisy zunu. outcry) kururuwa. roughness, n. (unevenness of row, tr. and intr. v. tuka, yin

surface) kaushi, kurzunu ; r. tuka (lit. to push, or propel). of skin kaushin jiki. Hausas acquainted with round, adj. express by the European oared boats em-

nouns = a r. object chibiri, ploy this word which is the kumbu, kawanya (K.), e.g. a term used for 'paddling' r. piece of mud chibirin kasa; native canoes.

to make r. chibra ; to cut royal, adj. na-sariki, fem. ta-

r. shaft kumbu ; v., to go sariki; r. officers or attend- r. dauraro, zaga, gewaya, ants ya(ia?/;«, q.v.

kewaya, jiwaya, kewaye, ke- rub, tr. V. /a/e, yd/a and ydfo,

wayo, kewayi, the last also sdba, chuda; to r. (or grind) tr., e.g. they went r. the city corn tushe ; to r. anything,

sun kewaye birni ; hulo or e.g. corn in the hands murje, hullo; to go r. zdge, zdga, murda, mulmula, murtsuka; zwage (S.), zdgi ; to go r. in to r. the back of a knife order to examine a thing backwards and forwards dd- gewaya or jewaya ; to look r. dara; to r. the hair off a i rubbed 208 rust!

hide or skin jemi ; to r. mallaka, mallaki, mallake^ yii, out or erase shafe, yin mai- sarauta, chude, umarche ; (tc |

mai ; to r. smooth chudanya, decide, order authoritatively'

darje. hukumta, e.g. he ruled that rubbed, particip. adj. murjaje', we should do this ya hukumta\\ murtsukakke^ fern, murtsu- tnu yi haka. |! kakka, pi. murtsukakku. ruler, n. mai-mallaka, masaravJ^. rubber, n. 1. (e.g. a cloth, chi, mahukumchi, hdkimi, pl.^

used for rubbing or wiping) hakimai; (king) sarki or sor

abin shafe. riki, pi. sarakuna or sarori 2. (india-rubber) danko, kai.

dankon ga'inji, alihida ; rub- rumour, rigima, waiwai.

ber-vine chitvo, chuwo ; india- run, intr. V. gudu; (to melt)

rubber trees yctmji, gcmji narku ; to r. away gudu,

(K.), cf. durumi, baure, bore guje, tsire; to r. away quickly

(S.), chediya, kawuri, tva, sheka; to outrun tsire; tc

taha-ni-kasamu. r. out (to come to an end)| ruby, n. yakutu*. kai'e; of water, to r. over (to I

rudder, paddle used as a, n. overflow) tuda, tude ; at a r.

matuki. a guje ; the following expres- rug, a woollen sleeping r., n. sions are used to denote to

kilishi. r. fast zura da gudu, sheka ruin, tr. v., to spoil, destroy da gudu, karta da gudu,

bata ; to be ruined or to fall fashe da gudu, tantala da

into r. (of a house, etc.) roshe, gudu, gudu kar, ruga da

participial n. ; rushi ; and gudu running away tawaga.

pres. form rushewa. runaway, n. 1. (of slaves): ruins, coll. (of a place, town) gujajje, pi. gudaddu.

kufai, pi. kufaifai, kofai, 2. (in war) maguji or m/u-i'

kango ; falling into r. 7m- guji.

shewa. runner, a r. in front of ;i rule, n., government, royal horse gurguri, zagi.

sway sarauta ; an established rush, intr. v. kutsa; to i., mode of procedure tadoi, pi. e.g. out of a crowd ruza. tadodi, ada, kaida. rust, n. tsatsa. rule, V. (to hold sway as a king) rust, intr. v. yin tsatsa. ;

rustling 209 sadness

rustling, e.g. of wind in trees sacrifice, n. sadaka*, hdya.

kaya-kaya \ r. of grass sukun- sad, adj. (depressed, sorrowful);

sTikun, to be s., see sadness; a s. business (causing sorrow or

sabbath, n. 1 . (in the scriptural pity) abin tausayi ; as. busi-

sense = Saturday) assabat, as- ness (i.e. bad, wicked) abin ->hit, ranan assabat. mugu.

2. (Sunday) lahadij ranan saddle, n. sirdi, pi. sirdde

\l and sirduna, siradda or

n., sirdodi, bukuru, sabre, see sword. bakuru* ; jack, n., a largeskins. or bagfor a native s. cloth which is

cowries jika, jikka, pi. jik- laid on the s. jelala, lappa,

kuna, kwasabro, buhu (Z.), labba, kafu (S.), rnashimjidi i| hirgami, burgame these are a s. peak kwachiya, that in

I not used as water skins for front kwachiyar gdba, that

! which see under skin ; a skin behind (the CR,nt\e) kwachiyar

s. for loading camels, donkeys, baya ; btuffing or panels of a

etc. waga, kyankyand% gu- s. zubuka, zabuka ; a pack s.

rara, kaiwa* ; a s. made of with pockets for water pots,

' network raga, pi. ragogi ; a etc. mangala ; a s. embroidered in gold or silver large s. of salt (one donkey talka ; load) lange, pi. la^igaye, see crupper of a s. jabaya, jaku- bag. turi; the leather thong at-

iack, tr. V. (to pillage or plun- tached to a s. and passed der a place or town) kwache, through the ring of the girth

e.g. he took and sacked the kaitara, kaitaro ; ornamental

town ya chi gariri nan ya s. flaps zaggin sirdi ; a s. of kwache dukiyassu duka. meat takandar nama. lack, (of a town) n. buruntu. saddle, v. (of camels, etc.) '.acred, adj. (connected with labda, (of horses) damre or religion) na addini, fem. ta darme (S.), sirdi, yin sirdi. n. addini, e.g. honour s. things sadness, baki7i zuchiya ; to and do not ridicule them ku experience s., to feel sad jin, giinnama abubuwa na addini yin or the forms in ua with

kada ku ba su dariya (holy, the n., e.g. I experience s., ;

. pure) tsarki. I feel sad ina bakin zuchiya. R. H. D. U ; safe 210 sail

safe, adj., s. from peril amin- buyer is allowed time t( tache, pi. amintattu. decide whether he will accept safe conduct, letter of, n. the offer remaining oper watikal lamuni. chiniki7i zabi, safety, n. (security from harm) saleableness, sayuwa. lamuni, amana] (deliverance salesman, n. mai-saida, dat from harm) chira, tsiras, kasuwa. chiraro, tsiraro. saline, adj. da gishiri, m sagacious, adj. da basira, da gishiri. hankali, mai-hankali. saliva, n. sallabi, miyau, ym sagacity, n. basira, hankali. (K.), dululu. Sahara, Hamada. salmon, fish resembling, n said, it is, determinative or faliya. art salt, n. gishiri prov. causal phr. wai, e.g. thou ; a mai

proud because it is s.. Thou may boil horns with his owV

excellest all kana kumburawa s. (i.e. one may do what on(!

wai ka fi kowa. likes with one's own) mutur), saint, (fakir) wali, waliyi, pi. da gishirinsa shi kan daf(\ waliyai. kqfo; spec, a dark kind o|

sake, for the s. of, prep, domin, s. manda ; a s. brough I

don, garin, sabad da, sahado* from Asbeii, beza; black s

or saboda*, e.g. for his s. from Bornu manda ; han

dominsa, sabili da shi ; for rock s. gallo; an inferio;

the s. of this domin (or don) kind of s. balma; as. (o!

haka; for the s. of a walk natron) used in dyeing as f'

gafin yawo ; for the s. of mordant, also used medi|

what? domin mi, don mi, cinally ashauma, ashoma; :\ dommi, and sabad da mi. cake of s./oche,J'ochen gishirv

sale, to expose for s. talla ; it mangul ; round flat piece I

is on s., it is for s. a sayas of s. coll. aserimi* ; a load o

; da; on s. sayarwa, saisuwa; s. cut small bakan gishiri ;

a cheap s. gwanjo ; the ex- pyramidal load of s. kantu; ;

hibition of goods for s. koli smaW kantuot inferior s./?asAi

s. on approval chinikin sha- a large kantu of s. azurumi

wara ; a s. under a guarantee a wood ash from which s. i

uda* ; a s. in which the obtained zdkanko*. ; ;; I ftlt-bag 211 sand

;ilt-bag, n., long, narrow b. aiki or sanu da aikinku or

s. for carrying lange, langi ; sanunku da aiki ; spec. s. a small s.-bag chukurufa*. (among moslems) salam iltless, adj. hahu gishiri shaking a spear or hand in

spec, of anything eaten with- s. jaji (S.) ; see also jin- salt (insipid) lami. , out da jina.

iltness, (brackishness) zartsi. salute, tr. V. gaida, gaishe,

altpetre, n. kanwa; spec. s. gaisa, jinjini, e.g. I saluted used medicinally jan kan- the man na gaida mutum

1 wa. spec, to go to s. (of sacred

aJutation, n. gaisuwa, e.g. persons or places) ziyara ; to

he paid no heed to my s. bai s. several persons in turn J kula ha da gaisuwata or ha gaggaishe. ya karba gaisuwata ha; as. salvation, n. tslra, tslraro, I

, addressed to an important cheto.

person ingwayya, ungwaiya; same, adj. daya (lit. one), e.g.

. a public s. muhaya. The they are the s, duk daya ne

language is rich in this is the s. j expressions as that wannan

\ of s., e.g. s. to you (Engl. daya kaman wanchan to- ;

i hail ! pass, s. welcome !) a gaishe gether at the time or place

(-ka, -ki) -ku, a tuski ; the gaha dai or gaba daya ; the s.

; commonest expr. of s. is sanu hakanan ; as a determinative

\ or rep. sanu sanu and this is employ demonstrative pro- most frequently ; accompanied nouns, e.g. I saw the s. man by reference , a to the time of yesterday in the market na day, I or the state and occupa- gani wannan (or wannan tion of the person saluted, TYiutum, or mutumen nan)jiya e.g. ; good morning (lit. s. to chikin kasuwa.

you in the morning) sanu da sanctify, tr. v. tsarkaka, tsar- safe, good evening sanu da kaki. mareche, welcome out of the sand, n. rairai, rerai, jiggawa

"/ rain sanu da ruvja ; s. to or jigawa ; spec, fine s. tur-

you in your bereavement haya, turda (S.) ; white s. in I

8a7iu da kewa ; s. to you at water yashi grains of s. ; your play sanu da wargi ; s. barbadi ; s. mixed with grain

^ to you at your work sa7iu da tarke. i 14—2 : sandal 212 savoury sandal, n. takalmi, pi. takalma, satisfy, tr. v. (of the appetite) kufita, kufutaj kupta, pi. kufi- kosad da; (to pay claims,

tai or kufutai ; sandals with etc.) biyaj rama. red leather tops and hole for Saturday, pr. n. of time dsa- bat, assabat, dsabar, dssibit, toe samhatsai ; a light kind assabat. of decorated s. tajawankai. ranan sauce, n. miya*. sand-fly, filjilwa^ fiffilwa, kiyashi, kyashi, kyafirjita. sauciness, taurin ido. sand-grouse, kwantatoyi, bar- sausage-tree, rahaina. wa, ladin rogo. saunter, to ragaiche, see idle. sand-hill, a, n.jiggawa,jigawa. saunterer, mai-ragaita. sand-piper, sharafage (S.). savage, n. (barbarians, un- sangar, shirgiya. civilised human beings) bai- sarcasm, gatse. bayij pi. baibai, babbawa or sasswood, gwaska. baubawa.

Satan, pr. n. Shaitan, Shetan savage, adj. (barbarian), cf. or Shaitani. prec, (cruel) da muni. satchel, n. (leathern) gdfaka, savagery, n. (cruelty) immi, Idki. zajin rai, keta. satin, talashi*, antalashi. save, tr. v. 1. (to rescue, de- satisfaction, n. 1. (of the liver) chira, chire, chiro or

appetite) koshi. tsiras da^ tsarda (K.), tsarshe, 2. (of the feelings and tsaras da (Daura), tsirad da^ emotions) dadi^ e.g. we felt cheche.

great s. mu7i ji dadi dayawa. 2. (of money = to lay by 3. see requite, or up) aje. satisfactory, it is, phr. ya yi. save, exceptive prep, sai, see satisfied, to be, intr. v. (of the but 2.

appetites) koshi, yin koshi, saved, to be, intr. v. chim, e.g. they ate, they drank tsira.

and were s. sun chi sun sha saviour, n. mai-cheto, machech i, koshi (of sun ; the emotions) pi. macheta.

jin dadi ; cf. seq. savoury, adj. gardi, fern, gar- satisfied, a being, n. koshi; diya, da gardi, da zaki ;

one is s., n. who kosashe, pi. for the opposite quality s' kosassu. insipid. ;;

IW 213 scent

aw, n. zarto, sassaka, sasago*, pi. kiMubuna, kumhahi or rnagdgdri. kumbai, fofon kifi ; (of dead aw, to gdgdra. alligator) kirgin kdda.

awdust, dauso. 2. (balance) maauna, m,a- ay, tr. v. che with pres. forms auni, ynagwaji, mizani, m,a- chewa^fddi^ fdda, tdne*, e.g. gwadi.

, what do you say ? mi ka che 1 scan, V. (to look at with scru- we are saying muna chewa tiny) yin kallo, e.g. we walked

it is said an che, aka che ; he about scanning everything said to them ya che da su, ya rriun yi yawo muna kallon

< fddi ma su\ he says, it is dukachin abu. said, they s. (used to deter- scandal, tsegum,i, pi. tsegun-

mine a phr. or clause as guma; one who spreads s. uttered or admitted to be mai-tsegumij mai-tsegunchi. true by others, like Engl, scar, n. (cicatrix) tabo, tambo, fam. 'you know') wai) s. a kufa ; scars balli-balli ; scars thing over again tusa\ to s. off made on face serving as

, by heart or rote yin tulawa. tribal marks shaushawa ; see aying, n. 1. (something said) marks. magana, pi. maganganu ; (a scatter, v. 1. tr. watsa, wache, popular s.) sa7'a. watsar da, barbada, wal- 2. participial n. (act of s.) wanche, warwache, warwatsa, chewa used with pres. forms rarraba or rarrabi. in na. 2. intr. watse ; they scat-

icab, n. kurji, pi. kuraraji, tered or were scattered a7t

kuraje ; also kirchi, gurje, watse su.

Ixxmharoki, gyamho ; a s. scattered, particip. pass, watsu. which has healed up tamho scattering, barbaduwa, kacha- scabs coll. halli-halli. kacha.

icald, tr. V. (i.e. with hot scent, n. 1. (characteristic odour

water) sale (K.), swale (S.). of animals) wari, cf. seq.

JCale, n. (as lichen, dandruff) 2. (a sweet or agreeable toto, tautau. odour) kamshi, kanshi, kamsa, 5cale, to s. a fish kankale, turare, wardi; a plant the k'inkare. root of which furnishes a s. JCales, n. 1. (of fish) kumha, scent 214 scre"v scent, tr. v. (to recognise by scorn, V. rena, see despise.

the odour) jin wari ; the dog scorpion, n. kundma, pi. kul scented the lion kare ya ji namomi or kunamai, durniv warin zaki. munumunu. | scent-bottle, n. wakiya, wa- scourge, n. bulala.

kiyya. scourge, tr. v. yin bidala. j scented, keen-, adj. (of hounds) scout, n. majewayi, see spy. mai-jin wari. scowl, intr. v. damrefuska. scheme, n. (artful contrivance) scramble for anything, v' wayo, wayau. wasa^he, watvashe, yasash^ scholar, n. (a great scholar or (S.).

teacher) mdlam, mdlami, pi. scrambling, wasoso.

malamai; masdni, pi. masana; scrape, tr. v. karkari, (to i\

(a pupil) almajirij pi. almaji- clean and so polish) gogi oi rai, dan makaranta, makoyi, goge^ fafe, kwarzane, e.g. h; is scraping the axe-handlj makoyi, makaranchi ; (used adjectively - learned), mai- shina gogewa bakin gatari

karatu. to s. or s. out 9'( tuj(\ school, n. makaranta. tuttuje ; to s. up or grub uf I

e.g. roots tona, tone ; to i scissors, n. almakashi ; joint

of s. gwarmij kwarmi, pi. out a dish sude. kwarmu. scraper, a gurzago, gurjago scoff at, to, V. ba'a and yin ba'a. a s. used in dressinsf leathe scold, V. yin tsawa^ huga tsawa, kartaje. tsawata da, e.g. he scolded scrapings, e.g. of a dish sudi

her well ya yi ma ta tsawa scratch, tr. v. ym susa, yi dayawa. zuza, yin farta, gurza^ yo scold, a, mai-fitina. yaga ; to s. up with the nail scorch, tr. Y.farcha^ yinfarsa. karche, kwarzane. score, n., of number /aso, hauya, scratching, susa. the latter is esp. used in scream, n. ihu^ ifutva counting cowries, e.g. he kururuwa, tsuwa.

looses two thousand cowries scream, intr. v. yin ifu, ya bar hauya dari. tsuwa. scores, to pay off s. rama gaya. screw, v., to s. up the1eye scorn, n. yaya^ ha'a^ hananchi. rumchiy rumtse. ; ;

scribe 215 secure

scribe, marubuchi, pi. tnar'u- the dry s. ya yi rani ; the

huta. hottest part of dry s., when scum, n. kunfa^ kumfa, yaiia; the rains are beginning ba-

s. from molten lead kdshin- zara; the wet s. damana, tdma. damuna^ damina. ,sea, n. gulbi*, kogi*. seasoning, yakuwa.

seal, n. zohe, zohen shaida, ma- seat, n. tnazamni (i.e. spot on zubi, hatumi, hatimi, hadufl, which anyone sits), kujera,

tambari. bige*, turdka (K.) ; as. out- seal-ring, n. zobe7i shaida. side a house dakali; judg-

seam, n. (in cloth) albada, pi. ment s., also s. on which a albadu or albadodi, shaji, king is carried about karaga.

shafe, pi. sha/oji or shafe- secede, intr. v. (to separate from, withdraw from) raba \\ shafe; spec, a breadth between seams of cloth chiki. and rabu with da or daga. seamless, adj. (applied to second, ord. num. na-biyu, cloth) liwasa. fem. ta-biyu, also na-baya,

sear, tr. v. (with hot iron, to fem. ta-baya. cauterise) lalas^ sa lalas. secrecy, asiri, ashiri*.

search, n. chigiya, chiwirwiri, secret, n. boya, asiri, kara* ; in

tsiwurwuri; to make diligent s., see secretly.

s. yin chigiya, bada chigiya, secret, adj. na-asiri, fem. ta- j

bida. asiri, da asiri; a s. place

search, v., to s. after or for lalokin asiri ; vv. to keep s.

nema, bida, chigita, nufe, rufe, rufa, rufi or rife, ka-

nuji, ni/a* ; to s. for with rata* ; to make s. or to the hand lalabe, fafake discuss secretly asirta; to make search nema. talk secrets yin gdna. searching after, n. (desire secretly, adv. da asiri, a boye and object of desire) maradi see prec. or nmradi. section, n. gedaiva^.

season, n. 1. gen. (usual or secure, adj., see safety.

. proper time) sa^a, lokachi, loto. secure, tr. v. (from danger, 2. (division of the j^ear harm, etc.), see guard, (fam. with respect to weather, etc.) to catch, capture, e.g. a

dry (and hot) s. rani; it is prisoner) kama, (to I guarantee , security 216 self-laudation*

payment of a debt, etc.) see sought for sai am hide ka; to

seq. s. after (often implying to set

1. (part i security, u. payment the heart upon) dawainiya ;

of a debt as s., earnest money) to s. again zohe ; to s. for |

tuski, s. amdna. tuske ; pregn. and

2. (a thing left as s., a return with h%do, e.g. let her pledge) jingina. be sought and brought here,

3. (responsibility for a a hido ta\ to go to s. and I

debt, etc. = guarantee) la- return with 7iemo.

muni, taulahif tallafi; I stood seen, pass, particip. ganarme, i

or went s. na yi lamuni. fern, gananiya, pi. ganannu.

sedge, fragrant s. kajiji ; wild segment, e.g. of a kola-nut

s. dan tunuga, gemen kusu, azara (Z.), hare (K.).

aya aya. seize, tr. v. (to lay hold oi)kdma,

sediment, n. gtviba, gwihi or intens. kankam,a, make \ to

guihi. s. (esp. in order to eat) rida \

seduce, tr. v. farke, rude, to s. forcibly as in war yin hdshe. huruntu, kwache ; (to snatch)

see, tr. V. gani, gano, often amshi ; to s. and bring kan-

contracted to gan, e.g. I saw kamo ; to s. in the arms da-

her na ga^i ta, also to gd dume ; to s. a person by the which is very commonly used collar dagum,e.

as an imperative, e.g. s. him, select, tr. v. zaha, zahe, zahi*, or s. here ga shi, gani is wari, the last often used of also used in a pregnant sense choosing out one or more to perceive, recognise, under- pieces.

stand ; to s. from afar tsi7i- selected, pass, particip. za- kaya, tsifikayi, hango. bahbe, fem. zababba, pi. za- seed, n. gen. (of plants, men, babbu. creatures) iri, pi. irare, iri- self, n. expressed by kai and to- iri ; spec, seeds crowded rai with possess, pronouns, I gether gurguzu, gurgusu. myself ni da kaina, ni kaina, seedling, shuka, shukakke. also less commonly ni raina seeing, participial n. ganewa. and raina. seek, tr. v. (to search for) nema, selfishness, kurmusu*.

hida, e.g. wait till you are self-laudation, n. kirari. I ;;; ;

sell 217 separate

sell, tr. V. sayas, sayar^ and 2. (signification) see mean- when followed by an object ing, saida or sayas da, saishe, senseless, adj. (stupid, foolish)

sawOy talla ; the last also esp. maras-hankali, mayagachi ', of having or exposing on or (insensible, unconscious) see for sale, e.g. good camels are seq.

to-day selling in the market senses, n. (the faculties of rakumma nagargaru ana sa- sensation) hankali, e.g. he is

I yar da su yau chikin kasuwa in a faint and senseless but in the sense of consenting to I in a little while he will come ij s. the pass, of sallama is often to his s. again shina suma [( used, e.g. I agree to s. = I hankalinsa kurva ya bache li let it go or you can have it ammajima kadan hankalinsa a sallame shi it is ; unsaleable zai komo kuma gare shi. ki ya sayuwa. sensible, adj. (prudent, intelli- seller, n. mai-saida, pi. tnasu- gent) mai-hankali. saida. sensibly, adv. (with good selling, saisuwa, buying and s. sense) da hankali. ' saya da sayarwa. sent, pass, particip. aikakke, send, tr. v. aika^ aike, which fem. aikakka, pi. aikakku also — to s. forth, from or to one s., n. ma-aika, manzo to s. to where the speaker is spec, one s, from God rasulu*, aiko, (with a person only as sentence, n. (judicial decision) obj., lit. to rouse up, to start) shari^a ; to pass s. yin shari'a. tclda, e.g. I sent a messenger sentinel, n. gdta, pi. gataye,

na tdda manzo ; to s. back hage.

mayas da, mayar da, yarda sentry, n., see prec. to s. away tayas da; to sentry-post, mahdga (S.). cast, throw, e.g. a bullet separate, adj. bamham, akebe,

e.g. s. from that bamham sending, n. aike. daga wanchan. senna, n.Jllasko*. separate, v. 1. tr. rdba and sense, n. 1. (i.e. good s., rdbi*, rabda, rabshe, kebe,

understanding) hankali ; a kebanche, kebanta, wdre.

man of s. mutum mai- 2. intr. rdbu; to s. ivomzau- hankali. da* ; separating bambarmva. ; separated 218 seventeen

separated, pass, particip. ra- concr. divine s. (public wor-

babbe, fern, rababba, pi. ra- ship) salla.

babbu. servitude, n., see slavery. separately, adv. (Mki ddki. sesame, n. ridi, lidi. separation, n. rdbo^ rdbuwa, set, tr. V. (gen. to place) sd',

baran-baran. intr. (of the sun) fadi, e.g.

serene, adj., see calm, clear, the sun s. rana ta fad%\

quiet. combinations of to s. with

serious, cf. the matter has particles, etc. are : to s. apart

become s. magana ta bunkdsa. from raba, to s. aside (to

Serjeant, saje*, reject) ki, to s. aside (to sermon, n. wa^azi. omit for the present) bariy

serpent, n., see snake. bar ; to s. by and to s. down

serval-cat, rabji, rabbi. (e.g. on the ground) aje ; to

servant, n. (not slave) bdra, s. forth (to exhibit, state)

s. tayas, to s. fern, baranya or barainya, gaya ; to up kafa, pi. bdrori and pi. of multi- upon (to assault) yin firmaki)

tude bdruwa or barwa, which he is s. upon ana yi da shi. implies a large number such setting, the s. of a fractured

as a king would have, clan limb dori ; a bone setter mai-dori. daki ; a female s. maaikiya ;

s. of God bawan Allah (lit. settle, V. 1. tr. (gen. to ar- slave of God). range, set right) gyara; (to I serve, v. 1 . (of one not a slave) pay, liquidate) biya, e.g. yin barantdka. settled the debt 7ia biya

2. (of a slave) yin bauta basJii ; he settled the dispute

this is also the proper term ya raba gardama. (as the more respectful) for 2. intr. (to alight, or to stay) to s. God or to s. false gods. fix one's habitation or

service, n. 1. gen. ibdda.

2. (of one not a slave) seven, card. num. bakwai; s.

barantdka, that of a slave times sau bakwai ; by sevens

being bauta (servitude, sla- bakwai bakwai ; s. thousand very), hence its use as given saba'a.

in prec. 2. seventeen, card. num. goma

3. (relig.) s. of God ibdda; sha bakwai, sha bakwai. seventh 219 shamelul

seventh, ord. num. na-bakwai, wache, ivalwanche, warwache ;

fern, ta-hakwai. to s. to and fro yin reto, yin seventh, ones, part subu'i. shillu ; to s. violently jijiga. seventieth, ord. num. na- 2. intr. motsa, also fig. in sabain, fem. ta-sabain. the wider sense of being seventy, card. num. saba'in. agitated, influenced, moved, sew, tr. V. dumke, dunke, duni- e.g. the whole multitude

ka or du7nk% Idfe. were shaken at the news of sewing, n., s. at edge of a war taro duka ya motsa da

garment tindumi ; v., to darn labarin yaki ; to s. (as to

or tack in s. yin Icdabtu ; s. tremble, shiver, shudder with thread mandawari. cold, etc.) raura. sh! n. (the sound of hissing) shaken, pass. part, gilgizazze,

shishita. fem. gilgizazzaya, pi. gil- shackle, v. sd with seq. and gizazzu. ma, e.g. we shackled them shaking, n. (or trembling)

mun sa ma su malwa ; let him raurawa ; s. hands ban han- be shackled a sa masa gigar. nu, masdfilia. shackles, n. malwa, marwa, shall, aux. V. 1. (of futurity)

gigar, see also fetters. za, e.g. what s. I do now? shade, n. inuwa ; a broad s. mi za ni yi yanzu 1

inuiva m,ai-fadi ; to enjoy 2. (of obligation), see

the s. of sha inuwa. must, necessary. shadow, n. inuwa, e.g. a man shallow, adj. bn, (or babu)

does not leave his s. behind zurfi, ba mai-zurfi. him 7)iutum, bai bari ba inuwa shambles, n. wurin fawa. tasa ga baya. shame, n. kumya (S.), kunya

v. 1. shake, tr. gilglza, girgiza, (K.), fulako ; the parts of s.

yin shillu, rauda, e.g. he aVaura feel s. ; to jin kumya ;

shook his head ya rauda kai to put to s. sa [ba and bada)

nasa ; to s. the head in token kumya, kum^yata, kum,yache,

of assent kdda kai ; to s. as e.g. he put him to open s. ya sa in winnowing tankade, m,otsa; shi kumya (a bude or) a sarari.

to s. off, e.g. dust kalkada, shameful, adj. na kum,ya, da

kalkade, kankade, karkade kumya ; a s. thing abin

and kakkabe ; to s. out wal- kumya. shameless 220 shed shameless, adj. da kwarkwasa, shave, v. (with razor) aski^ shdkiyi, maras-kumya, babu aske, aska, and yin aski.

kumya. shaving, verbal n., spec. s. the shamelessness, n. kolkosa^kor- front of head or so as to kosa, shdkiyanchi, walle. leave only a tuft on top of shape, n. (form) kama, si/a. head kwam.be ; s. one side of shape, tr.v. (to fashion, create), the head by a woman as sign

see make 1. of sorrow faskare ; baldness share, n., see part, portion. caused by s. kundumi ; s.

s. share, tr. v., see divide ; spec, the whole head or in two

to invite to s. in one's food longitudinal lines each side

chuna; to s. a house tara of the crown sariya. gida; a room shared with shavings, of wood totuwa. another dakin taraiya; one shawl, made in strips, n. al- who shares abokin taraiya. killa. sharing, (i.e. possessing in she, pers. pron. fern. 1. separate

common) taraiya (K.), tare- and emphatic ita, e.g. it is s. wa (S.). ita che. sharp, adj. 1. (having a fine 2. in combination with

edge) da kaiji, da chabi. verbs ta, e.g. s. saw him ta

2. (finely pointed) da teini, gan shi, the woman said no mai-tsini. mache ta che a'a. sharp, to be chabe, kaifafa. shea-butter, n. dankon ka- sharpen, tr. v. wdsa^ yin danya ; the s.-b. tree kor

wa^hi, chaba, ddda, yin dddi, danya ; fruit of the s.-b. tree fika^ feke, kaifafa, gyarta, kdde. e.g. let this knife be sharp- sheaf, n. (also bundle of any-

ened a wdsa wukagga ; it is thing) ddme, ddmi, pi. damnia;

sharpened ta wasw, to s. a spec. s. of arrows shiba*. sword koda. shear, tr. v. yi7i sosaiye. sharpening, wdshi. shearing, verbal n. sausaye. sharpening swords, a tool sheath, n. (for knife, sword) for, n. magagari. kube. sharper, a dan tugu. shed, n. rumbu, rumpay rumfa, shatter, tr. v. (mtens.)/ar/asha pi. rumfuna, rinfa (K.), esp.

or palpashe. used of a s. or booth in a ;

shirt shed 221

heat) inutva, (a market-place; a temporary light and am- place of refuge) gidari chira, s. hukka, pi. bukkoki, garke, wurin chira-, a rough grass buta, ddbi ; a cattle s. garge (S.), zauren shanu. s. sangaya. or n. makiyaye, mashed, tr. v. (to pour out shepherd, s. tears kyayi, pi. makiyaya or ma- down) zuba, zubo ; to yin hawaye. kyaya (S.). pi. tumdki a sherd, of pots, etc. n. katanga, sheep, tumkiya, ; hanging tsingaro (S.), sakaina, pi. s. with two wattles from lower jaw tumkiya mai- sakaniu. lawaye (or mailayu). shield, n. gen. garkuwa, pi. also sheep-fold, n., see fold, garki, garkinne, kariya, battle sheet, n. (of paper) taba'al in a loose sense (lit. s. likka- equipment) kayan ddga\ spec. takarda ; a winding s. made of fani, kafan. a large round a large white sheikh, shaihu. skin kutvfdni ; oblong s. like that of the shelf, a alkuki* ; rope support- Zulus, usually carried by high ing a s. ragaya, pi. ragayu

' officials kwangara ] a small a s. made with mud zaga. of shell, n. (hard covering of s. kunkeli; a s. made dangi a s. fruit, eggs, etc.) kwasfa, kos- skin makdri, ; ; '' from the skin of the fa, pi. kwasfofi or kosfoji, made

' kwanso, e.g. break the nut, white oryx ivahmji, warwaji,

and peel off the s. ka kariye pi. walwazoji. kwabri, kobri, gujiya ka bare kwasfa ; s. of shin-bone, snails katantanwa, alkoto, kwauri (K.), pi. kivabruka, kobruka. alkwato, sl mussel s. makan- kwobruka, tortoise kwariya shine, intr. v. ba (or bada) \\ kari ; s. of a the lightning (K.), kwachiya (S.). haske, haskaka; than the sun shell, tr. V. (to take off the shines brighter

ta rana haske ; the > (S.), walkiya fi »' peel or shell) bare, feke shining ana rana. yinfira {ov fira). sun is mai-haske. shell-fish, an edible, n. kumba, shining, adj. shirking, n. bahilchi. 1| pi. kumbuna or kumbobi, ™ kumbai. shirk work, v. huji, see idle, tu/uwa, pi. shelter, n. (protection from shirt, n. tufa, tu/qfi ¥ shiver 222 shoulder

or tufoji worn under the gown; 3. of plants to s. or s. forth a shirt with narrow sleeves yin tqfo, sumbula. aganiya, riga, pi. riguna, shooting, n. (the killing of

s. ; to go s. yin which sometiDies=a large ; game) farauta

a small s. ya-chiki ; an inside, farauta.

pleated s. kwakwata ; a s. shooting star, n. mashin tam- without arms hinjima, hi- raru.

jima; a s. like a tobe but shoots, of plants yabainya. smaller with short sleeves shopkeeper, sambani, see

tdgo (S.), pi. tagogi, taguwa trader.

(K.), pi. taguwoyi; a s. worn shore, gdba, gdchi, see bank.

by women shaya ; a quilted short, adj. 1. (of length) gdjere,

s. of mail worn by horse fem. gdjera and gdjeriya, pi.

soldiers lijidi, lifdi. gdjeru, also karami (lit. shiver, (to tremble, shudder) small), cf. guntu; s. sighted

firgita^ firgiche, raura. garara; to give s. measure shivering, n. makarkata. bante, tsakare. shoe, n. takalmij pi. takalma, 2. (of time) kadan^ e.g. a

wuji*^ vmpi* ; he took off s. while J/ma kadan.

the s. ya Jitas da takalmi ; a short of, fall, intr. v. kdsa^

s. strap ma-hallin takalmi; gdza^ e.g. thy days are num-

spec, small s. worn inside bered, thou canst not pass

boots sufadu, pi. svfadai; them nor come s. of them two odd shoes gamin hauta. kwanukanka madudai ne ba shoot, V. 1. tr. (to hit with a ka wuche su ba ka kdsa

shot, etc.) halhiy harbi ; e.g. su. he was shot aka halhe shi da shortness, n. gajarta, gajerta^ bindiga (if with an arrow da hilafa*.

kihiya); cf. the leopard is shot, n. (ball, bullet) harsashe,

hard to s. dam,isa da wiiyan yahaya*.

halhewa; to s. towards the shoulder, n. kafada, pi. kafa- speaker halbo, past particip. duj kafadodiy kanfdle (S.),

shot halbebe. karfata^ karpata (S.) ; the

2. intr. (to discharge a two last are especially ap- gun) halbi bindiga or buga plied to the shoulders of bindiga. animals, the part from the ; ; ;

shout 223 side

s. ^1 to the elbow damtse, pi. shudder, intr. v. raura. damutsa or damatsu. shuddering, tsika.

shout, n. i/?/, wu, guda ; see cry. shun, tr. v., see avoid.

shout, intr. v. yin ifu. shut, tr. V. rufe, ruji or r*/e,

shouting, sowa, sowwa ; there sdda^ e.g. let not the door be

was s. ana sowa s. fj ; much s. kada a rufe kofa ; to s. a sowa sowa. box, door, etc. yane ; to s. up shove, tr. v., see push. sada, turhude. show, n. (ornamental display) shuttle, n. masaka, koshiya ; ado. the sliding wooden cylinder show, tr. V. (to point out an which works longitudinally

object, also to inform, ex- in the s. kwarkwaro. plain) ywada, goda, 7iuna, shy, v., of a horse haude. nuni, e.g. he showed me it. sick, adj. da chiwo, marili*

showing, verbal n. in both one who is s. mai-chiwo, pi. senses of prec. nunawa. masu-chiwo, maras-lajiya, ma- shrew-mouse, with bad odour jinachi, majinyachi, maji- jaba. yachi.

' shrike, n. hamhami ; helmet s. sick, be, V. 1. (to be in bad kare-dangi. health) jin (or yin) chiwo, shrink, intr. v. (from cold, also da chiwo with forms in etc.) firgita ; (to shrivel up) na, e.g. he is s. shina da

' takura ; to s. from toge ma chiwo.

' they shrank from him sun 2. (to feel nausea) jin kare da shi. kumallo.

shrinking, tsika. sickle, a small semicircular s., shrivel, intr. v. yin yaushi, n. lauje, laushe (Zanf.), ma-

kandare ; it shrivels up ya

yi yaushi. sickness, n. chiwo, chiwuta, shrivelling, n. yaushi. chiwurivuta, jinya, jinya-jin- shroud, n. likkafani. ya; the following words desig- shrub, n., see kaikaya, yadia, nate special forms : (a cold) biyarana,Jidali, etc.; a shrub mdjina ; (a fainting tit) fal- forming hedges (Jatropha fada ; (pestilence, plague) al- curcas) bi-ni-da-zugu, chi-7ii- loha, bala'i ; (vomiting) amai. da-zugu. side, n. 1. gen. waje, pi. wajeje : sieve 224 silent

one on this s. and one on 2. (the act of seeing, also

the other s. daya ga wajen view) ido, gani thus, in the

nan daya ga wajen chan s. of all men idon duniya ; ; from this s. (of a room, glen, the s. of her will console them etc.) even to that s. ddga ganinta zai ma su hankuri;

sassan nan har ga sassan the s. of them made every- chan; the right s. wajen body laugh ganinsu ya sa

dama, dama ; the left s. koivanne dariya ; dim (or

wajen {hauni or) hagum^ dimness of) s. hamharokai -,

hagum, hayun; s. of a body one who has defective s.

(also = edge) kauye ; the s. garara.

or edge of a stream kauyen sign, n. gen. shaida, pi. shai-

ruwa. dodi, which also = s. or 2. s. of the body (esp. mark made by one who between the bottom of the cannot write his name; ribs and the thigh-bone) (important or wonderful kwibi; s. (rib) of an animal token, intimation) alama awaza, pi. awazzai; on one often pronounced halama, ]

s. a kauye. pi. alamomi ; aya, pi. ayoyi, rariya, rairaya^ le- sieve, n. nuni ; a s. adduced or ap-

leya* \ a vessel with holes pealed to as a reason ori used as a coarse s. tu- authority dalili.

| kunya, mataxihiyaf mararaki, signet, n. mataushin watika;

7narari* ; a s. used for sepa- s. ring zohen shaida. ' rating gold from sand, etc. silence, n. shiriyu, shiru, shiyu, matankadi. shuru or shu, kurum, kawai, sift, to tache, tankade or yin kurumta, kurumchi, zugum

tankade, bakache. (S.); in s. shiriyu, kunim,

sigh, n. sheda, pi. shedodi. e.g. leave them in s. a har m sinihi*, sigh, intr. v. yin sheda, kurum ; to keep s. yin katcai

sinishi*. he kept s. ya ja hakinsa. sighing, n. ajiyar zuchiya. silence, to kawaita.

sight, n. 1. (the faculty of silent, adj. kawai or kauwai,' vision) no precise equivalent, jurum.

turn, e.g. he lost the s. of silent, to be, v. shiriyu, ku- his eye idonsa ya hache. rum and kawai with yi or ;

silently 225 sink

the forms in n«, e.g. be 2. conj. of time (after that,

silent ! ka yi shiru, kame from the time that) tun day

hakinka ; we were s. mun yi e.g. s. we learnt that he was kurum he is s. ; shina kurum an infidel tu7i da mun sani or shina yin kawai. shi kafiri ne.

i silently, adv. shiru, 3. adv., long s. tun dade, silk, rdharini, sirki*, adnlashi ; tun dadewa, tuntuni, tuni a cord or chain of s. siliya, how long s. ? tun yaushe ? e.g. pi. siliyu and siliyoyi. how long s. did you learn silk cotton tree, n. rimi, Hausa? tun yaushe ka koyo rini; red-flowered s. c. t. Hausa 1 gurjiya; the seed of the 4. conj. (because) don, s. c. t. guriya (S.), anguriya zama, e.g. they cannot move (K.). since they are lifeless ha su silken, adj. na alharini. iya yin motsi ha don ha su silkworm, a species of, n. da 7'ai. tsamiya. sincere, adj., see honest. silly, adj., see fool, foolish, sing, V. yin waka. silver, n. dzur/a. singe, to hahhake. silver, adj. na-azur/a, fern, ta- singer, a mounted hamhade, azurfa. pi. hamhadawa. similar, adj., see like, single, adj. hardhara ; a s. one similar, to be, v. daidaiche, of a pair, of which one has see under like, been lost kangarwa', see similitude, n. misali ; to speak alone, one. by a s. yin misali. singly, adv., e.g. question them i3in, n. zmiufi, zunubi, laiji, pi. s. (one by one) ka tambaya laifufuka, kuskuri* to ; com- su daya daya, see also alone, mit s., see seq. singular, adj. mufivradi, see 3in, intr. v. yin zunubi (or plural, zunufi), yin laiji. sink, n. (a place of filth, also since, 1. prep, (after, from the fig.) saiga, pi. salgagi.

; time of) tun, e.g. s. your sink, V. 1. intr. (to go under birth Urn haifuwarka ; s. the water) nutsa (K.), 7iuta (S.), commencement of the war nutse, nitso, ninkdya, e.g. tun , faratvar yaki. the boat is sinking jirigi R. H. D. 15 ; sinless 226 skin

shina nutsa; to s., i.e. to fall, sixty, card. num. sitthi ; also e.g. of a raan wounded or of gomiya shidda. the sun descendingfadi. size, n. girma employed thus:

2. (to subside) kd/e. its fruit is large in s. diyata

3. tr. (to immerse) nuche, suna da girma ; the s. of the

nutse ; spec, to s. a well gina jerboa exceeds that of the

rijiya. mouse kurege ya fi hera gir- sinless, adj. maras-laifi. ma ; to become (or grow) large sinner, n. mai-zumibi. in s. yin girma. sip, n. guwa; to take one s. skewer, tsinken 7iam,a ; to fix

sha daya. on a s. soke a tsinke, tslre*, sip, V. kurha, done. sipping, n. kurhi. skilful, adj. (in an art, etc.) sister, n. shikikiya, zumniya goni, gwani, gwanaye^ mai- (S. and Daura), (usually = gwani; (in artifice) mai-

younger s.) kanuwa ; elder s. wayo, pi. masu-wayo, (esp. in ya. war) gardaye. sit, intr. V. (also to s. down) skilfully, adv. gwan% da gwani,

zamna or zauna', to s. on da wayo, da duhara. the ground with legs crossed skill, n. (in an art or profession) and elbows on knees gishhi- gwani, gwaninta; (in artifice) wayo (in contrivance, kida, kishinkida, gijirta ; to ;

s. with outspread legs tagan- resource) dabdra or dubdra; (with implication of oppor- gana ; to s. at ease mimike

to make to s. down zamshe tunity and readiness) tsa- a sitting place mazauni, ma- raji*. zamni. skim, tr. v. (milk) ydde, kwcd/e, site, n. wuri, pi. wtirare ; to kolfe.

mark out a s. sha nmri. skimming, of milk kwalfa, six, card. num. shidda; s. kolfa. times, adv. sau shidda', by skin, n. gen. fata, pi. fatuna,

s. pdta, kildgo, pi. sixes or each shidda shidda. fiska \ (hide) sixth, adj. na-shidda, fern, ta- kilagai ; kilaho, agalemi, lan-

shidda ; one-s. part sudusi*. gabu* ; s. after tanning kir- sixtieth, ord. num. norsittin, gi; cast s. of serpent swaba fern, ta-sittin. or saba, zana: he casts his ;

skin 227 slavery

s. ya yi swaba a s. ; bag or slash, tr. v. (to cut by striking, bottle salka, pi. salkuna; a i.e. not by drawing the edge s. used for drawing water along, which is yanka) sare. from well guga; a covering slaughter, tr. v. yanka or of skins tunhu a s. ; wrapper yanke, karkdshe, kakkdshe ivalki. to s. animals yinfauta. skin, tr. V. kware, kwari,feda, slaughter-house, n. wiirin fede : see also flay, fawa, mahauta. skink, banded s. (Scinopus slaughtering, n.fawa. fasciatus) damatsiri, tama- slave, n. bawa, fern, baiwa,

tsiri (S.) ; red-bellied s. (Ma- bauya, boya (S.) or bawuya*, buia Perrotteti) kulba. pi. bayi or bai ; spec, chief s. skip, V. (to spring along or of a king kackalla, yari ; a over lightly) bira (to pass ; female s. baiwa (as above), over without reading passages kuyanga or ktviyanga, pi. in a book) chingara, tsdlache. kuyangai, kuyangi; yan tu- skipping, tscdle. rdka, (also concubine)mc^a/^a, ikull, n. kwalluwa, kwakwa- kwarakwara or kwarkwara, lutva, kollo,kwanya, kwanyan bawan gida; the son of a kai, kashin kai (lit. bone of s. but free bachucheni, di- the head). majo; a s. the offspring of kunk, a kind of tunku^ see a negro father and Tuarek under cat. mother buzu ; as. who begs ky, n. sdma^ pi. samaniya or mauro; a s. about 14 years sammai, duniya, gari*. old magudanchi, mugudanchi, lacken, v. 1. see loosen. pi. magudantai; a strong s. 2. tr. V. (to relax, mitigate) kato, fern, katuwa; a run- ragi or rage; intr. (to be away s. gujajje* ; a s. holder relaxed, mitigated) ragu, e.g. mai-bawa; a s. raiding ex- the heat of the fire slackened pedition samame^ sMri ; v. zafiii wuta ya ragu. to free a s. yanchi; a s. ackness, sainyin jiki. raider mahdri. .ander, chimbaya, tsurutu (S.), slavery, n. bauchi, bauta, ba- hardi. watichi; liberation from s. anderer, maradi. dvyauchi or diyancki; reap, V. kalle. demption from s. /ansa 15—2 ;; slay 228 slip

usually pronounced pansa; sleight of hand, daho.

to redeem from s. yin/ansa, slender, lange lange, see lean hada (or ha) diyauchi, e.g. slice, a gunduwa.

he freed them from s. ya slide, intr. v., see slip. hada su diyauchi. slight, adj., see thin. slay, tr. v., see kill. slight, tr. V. rmia, rairia. sleep, n. harchi, kwana, kwan- slim, shallali.

chiya; the last s. (death) sling, v., to s. anything ovei makarin harchi. the shoulder sdha. sleep, intr. v. harchi with yi sling, n. hindo, elawa, maja^ or forms in na, also kwana jaiwa, majejawa, majaujawa

or kwanche ; the former refer majujawa] sword s. hamila

rather to the physical con- a s. for carrying a child oi dition, the latter convey also the back gumya. the idea of reposing, lying slinging, ragaya, rataya.

down to s., e.g. we did not slip, n. (loss of foothold by hear the howling of the dogs, sliding) samtsi, santsi, sand

we were sleeping ha mu ji (S.) ; to make a s. yin sam\

ktikan karnuka muna harchi tsi, ym he ;

' we slept at that place mun made a s. ya yi samtsi.

kwana a tvurin nan ; sleep- slip, intr. V. 1. (to lose foot

ing kwantawa^ kwanchiya hold by sliding) samtse, yi',

cf. my foot has gone to s. samtsi, yin talalabiya, gwol mijiriya ta kama kafata. chi, tuzga, tuzge, rabkana sleepiness, n. gyangyadi ; to rafkama ; the last also = to s

be overcome by s. yin gyan- into, e.g. he slipped into th gyada. well ya gwahche chiki^i rijiya

sleeping-place, n. makwanche to s. as in soft mud kajiya.

spec. s.-p. (e.g. in a tree) 2. (to escape hold) kubch

affording protection from wild sumhule ; of things, e.g. th beasts saura*. sword slipped from my gras sleeping sickness, hamota. takohi ya kuhche daga hat

sleeve, n. hdnnu or hdnnun nuna ; of persons (to leav riga; a sleeve-knife the or get away easily fror blade of which is worn along companions, etc.) zuke, rahn

or up the s. wukar hdnnu. to try to s. out (used of a ;

slipperiness 229 smoke

animal in a trap) kubche- smart, a s. fellow ddje, fern. kubche; of a knot to s. ddjiya, pi. dazoji. sumhule. smash, tr. v. (to break to slipperiness, n. samts% santsi, pieces with violence) far- sandi (S.), samche, sulbi, tala- fasha, palpashe, ribde, ri/de, labiya. rubde, rugunguza*, murtsuke. slippery, adj. dasamtsi, see slip, smashed, particip. pass, mur- slipping down or out, parti- jaje, fem. murjajiya, pi. mur- cipial n. sumbulewa. jaju; murtsukakke, pl.murtsu- slit, n., as. in a seam bardka kakku. a s. in a stick gebe*. smear, tr. v. (e.g. with oil) slit, tr. V. keta. shdfa, shdfe, yafa*. slough, n. (cast skin of ser- smell, n. (odour), an agreeable

pent) swaba or saba ; to cast s. kamshi; a bad s. doyi, a s. yin swaba. dwai, wari, wardi* ; s. of slow, adj. (one who goes slowly dam^^Jumfuna ; an evil s. as or deliberately) mai-nauwa. of putrefying animal bodies slowcoach, madudu (S.), see karni, kazni, kauri. idle, smell, tr. V. 1. (to perceive by slowly, adv. sannu-sannu; very the sense) ji, sunsuna, e.g. s. sannu-sannu. I s. the scent of lions na ^slumber, n. and v., see sleep, ji warin zakoki. sleepiness, 2. (to s. at with the intent slush, tabo, chabi, potopoto. to enjoy or test) shaka (S.) sly, adj. da wayo, mai-wayo, or sheka (K.) ; to emit a bad pi. masu-wayo ; see skilful, s. yin doyi. small, adj. karami, fern, kara- smelt, tr. v. narke. ma, karamiya, pi. karamu, smile, intr. v. yin murmushi, ka7ika7ie,iem. kankanuwa, pi. yin mulmushi. kankana, ka^iana; smallest smite, tr. v., see strike, kill, aukc* anything s., n. kima, smith, n., see blacksmith, abuhika, kusugu* ; s. quantity smithy, mdkera. oikarunchi; s. money (shells) smoke, n. hayaki; spec. s. of yaskan kurdi (S.). a conflagration turnuka. •mall-pox, n. dgana, ado, zan- smoke, v. 1. (to emit s.) yin -<'na, karambo, yar-rani. hayaki. ; ; smooth 230 snore

2. (to s. tobacco) shan taha. s. about 18 inches long dan smooth, adj. da {samtsi or) magurji ; a puff adder kasa ; santsi, nani. a long, slender, light-coloured smooth, tr. V. (of wood, by s. kivakiya ; a python mesa, paring, shaving) sassaka, sab- tnuluwa* ; a short black and che, sabta, sanche ; (by daub- white viper gajera, kubu- ing, plastering, etc*) ydba; buwa* ; a harmless s. sha- to rub s. darje. nono; a yellow viper with smoothed, particip. adj. (by flat head injihau, tsada-raki

plastering, etc.) yababbe^ fem. a poisonous s. sanadi ; a brown

yahabba, pi. yababbu. harmless s. which comes out smoothly, adv. sansamtsa*, at daylight tafi ga rana; a

sarr*. large spotted s. tandara; a smoothness, n. samtsi, santsi, large s. uwayara; a plant

samche. used as antidote to s. bite snail, n. katantanwa, alkoto*. filasko ] a s. charmer gardi, snail shell, alkoto (S.), pi. gardawa; turde, pi. tur- snake, n. machiji, fem. 'tna- dawa or turdodi', a s. skin chijiya, pi. machizzai, igiyar swaba or saba, zana*, a water

kasa, sago (S.) ; names of s. ani. different species many of snare, n. hako, pi. hakoki,

which await identification tarko; to lay a s. yin hako:

s. are : a small s. with a tail a bird asuta, asibta. which resembles a second snatch, tr. v. kwache, karba, karbi, amshi, Jisge or head and a double mouth fusge \

bida; a s. which spits like spec, to s. goods wasashe ; to a cat dan mussa; a green s. with violence rupta, rupto.

s. (Philothamnus semivarie- snatcher, n. mai-kwachewa. gatus) damatsiri, danyen chi- snatching, wasoso, wasaso. v. sneeziug yawa; a black s. masasau; sneeze, intr. atisha; a black cobra from 14 inches atishawa, furji.

to 6 ft. in length without spec- sniff, V. sheka, shaka; to s. up tacles kumurchi, kwamarchi (for the purposes of smelling) another species of cobra gam- id. sheka, gamshika, or tamatsiri snore, intr. v. 7ninshari, han- givarti. (in S. this = a skink) ; a black sari, 7idsari, hansdri, ;

snort 231 sojourn

snort, to sheka hiska. phasise the notion of con- snow, talji* (Ar.). tingency ko (used as a prefix), snuff, n. (powdered tobacco) e.g. where? ina; wheresoever (jarin tdba, tahan hanchi ; ko ina ; who? which ? what ? taking s. shekawa. wa, ivanne', whosoever, which- snuff, v., see sniff, soever, whatsoever koiva, ko- snuff-box, n. hatfM, pi. hattochi. wanne, e.g. whomsoever you so, adv. (thus) hdka, hdkanan^ find seize him kowanne .ka e.g. or is it not so? ko ha samu ka katna shi. hdka ba ? so it is shi ke nan soft, adj. (e.g. of mud, dough, kdza, or kdza da kdza is etc., also of cloth) da tafshi^ often used in a less demon- da tabshi, da taushi, da lau- strative sense and when shi*, labu-labu ; to be or be- something is referred to not come s. yin tapshi, yin ka- named = so and so, e.g. he bushi ; of ripe fruit yin tabo did so and so ya yi abu kdza ; (or tambo), e.g. the date is s. wane is similarly used of dabino ya yi tabo. persons, e.g. where is so and soften, tr. v. ym tafshi, so ? ina wane ; about so much zabki. kwatanchin kaza ; so, express- softly, lako-lako, sdko-sdko. ing doubt or some surprise, softness, kabushi, tabo, tapshi,

so ! to; so it is ana nan ; so tafshi, tabshi, taushi, laushi*. that, see under that ; so soil, n. 1. (ground, land) kdsa, then (therefore), see there- pi. kdsashe, kdsaisai ; very fore, hard s. tsandauri. soap, n. sabuni (S.), sabulu 2. see dirt, (K.), toka\ spec, a superior soil, tr. V. yi7i dauda.

kind of s. used for washing sojourn, n. (temporary stay) the face sabunin sdlo. zama, e.g. how have you socket, n. kwarmi, pi. kwarmu^ been faring during your s. gwarmi ; s. of the eye gurbin in this town? ina zaman ido; prov. the s. of the eye gari ? is not the eye itself gurbin sojourn, intr. v. (to make a ido ba ido ne ba. stay) zamna, zauna, e.g. we sodomy, ludu, lutsu. sojourned there twelve days soever, affix to words to em- niun zamna nan kwana goma ;; ; sojourner 232 sonship

ska biy2i, shida or shide (lit. wansu; wait, I have some- to alight at a place). thing to say bari ina da wani. sojourner, mai-zamna, pi. mch 2. wani is also used to

su-zamna. express the correlatives s.

Sokoto, the town of Sakwato one... another, pi. s.... others,

or Sakkwato. also s s., e.g. s. one said solder, a sort of, (sal-ammonia) yes, another said no wani ya sinddari (S.), shinddari (K.), che i wani ya che a'a. sunddari. somersault, the act of turn- soldier, n. mdyaki, pi. mdyaka^ ing zuragadauniya, juyeu- dan yak% pi. yayan (or yan) mdsa (see under mdsa).

yaki ; askar^ pi. askarawa sometime, adv. wani yayi.

spec. as. of a king's body- son, n. da^ connective dan, pi. guard dogari, dakdre, dakdra, yaya, ya, connective yayan

pi. dakdru ; a foot s. dun kasa and yan, e.g. first-born s. da coll. sa- foot-soldiers kirma, nafari ; the s. of Amina dan

ati^ see guriguri^ Amina (i.e. Mohammed) sole, n. (of the foot) sau, sawu, used as an expression of

sauwcmvai, pi. sauwuna, ma- regard, e.g. my s. da7ia; s.

taki, pi. matakai, tdjin kdfa. of my mother (i.e. friend) muka- sole, adj. makadaichi, dan uwana ; also used (as at

daichi, s. in its idiomatic times in English) to expr'^ss

use, however, is best ex- or aversion, e.g. s. contempt \ pressed by means of sai, e.g. of the ignorant (heathen)

his s. request was this ba ya dnn jahili (stronger than

roko ha sai wannan-, our s. jahili alone) ; s. of the wicked

food is guinea-corn abinchi dan mazugu. 7iamu sai dawa. song, n. waka, pi. wakoki, wake-

solely, adv., see alone. wake, sara, wasa ; v., to sing

solid, adj. (sound, trustworthy) a s. waka with yi or the

ingatachi. forms in na, e.g. I sang them

solitary, gwabro*. a s. na yi ma su waka; to

some, 1. (used adjectivally and compose a s. id. ; a religious

pronominally) wani (often s. tsdri; foolish songs wake- pronounced woni), fern, wata, tvaken banza.

pi. wadansu, wa^u, yasu (S.), sonship, n. diyauchi, diyanchi. soon 233 source

soon, adv. (after a little while) sort, tr. V. (to divide, distri- jima kadan, e.g. I shall s. bute into classes) raba; (to return to you jima kadan ni s. out) see choose. komo gare ku, cf. also while ; sorted, pass. part, rababbe, fem. (in a short time, with quick- rababba, pi. rababbu. ness) 7naza and frequently soul, n. rai, pi. rayu, kurutou, maza maza, e.g. I will s. catch both are used of the dis- him zan ski kama maza maza. embodied as well as the soot,ffifin {^.),Ji7iJini(K.), kun- embodied s. ; (the seat of kwiLuiya, kunkum,niya (S.). the mental feelings and soothsayer, n. hoka, pi. ho- qualities) rai, e.g. of haughty

kaye ; to act as a s. duhi. ym s. da girman rai ; patient of soothsaying, n. arwa, duha. s. da sanyin rai, sorcerer, n. maye, mayi, fem. sound, n. (e.g. of bees, a bell, mayiya, mayya, pi. mayiv. gun, trumpet) amo ; a con- sorcery, n. maita, dahu, daho, fused s. dumi. kwarche (S.), sihiri, kandu, sound, adj. (trustworthy) inga akokari, tsuhu. tachi ; s. (in health) da lafiya. sordid, adj., see filthy, base. sound, intr. v. yin dmo. sore, n. kushe kushe, miki, pi. soup, n. romuwa (S.), ronio miyaku, see ulcer, boil; s. (K.), miya, ruwan nama; on a horse's back getsi. spec. s. in which fura has sore, adj., see painful. been mad e farau farau, faro sores, pi. balli balli. faro, ruwanfura ; red sorrel, sorrel, red s. yakuwa. a common ingredient in s. sorrow, n. baki7i chiki, ma- yakuwa; a herb the leaves ydfM, see affliction, grief. of which are used in making sorrowful, to be, intr. sinihi. s. sure. sorry, (distressed, pained) da sour, adj. da tsami; to be s. wahala; to be s. haiya; I yamama, yanyama ; the soup am very s. ya hata ma ni has gone s. miya ta yi yami. zuchiya or zuchiyata ta hache, source, n. (spring of water) see grieved ; to be or feel s. idon ruwa-, s. of a river for, see compassion. gindi; (origin, beginning sort, n. iri, pi. irai^e, launi; mafari ; (of words, the primi- see species. tive meaning or derivation) ; ; sourness 234 spear

gutsu^ e.g. what is its s. ? sense wuri (place) may be minene gutsunsal (first cause) used.

sababi, e.g. the s. of the ilhiess spacious^ adj. mai-sarari, mai- was this sahabin chiwuta ke yalwa, na7i. span, n. (a measure of length, sourness, tsmni, tsamiya, yami. i.e. the space between ends souse, tr. V. (to immerse) tso- of thumb and first finger ma, nuche (S.), nutsa. extended) tdki, dani. south, n. kudu, kudus, gusum, sparks, tsai'tsatsi.

tsdkar rana ', adv. id., e.g. sparrow, n., the African s.

he went s. ya tafi kudu. magwara. southward, adj. (towards the speak, V. fdda and fddi, tmi%

s.) gusumchi, kudanchi. zantai^.), e.g. I s. the truth sovereign, n., see king, to you ina fdda ma ku gaS' sovereignty, n., see kingdom, kiya ; (in the sense also of sow, n. (female of wild swine) conversation) yin zanche ; to

gadoniya, gyadainya (S.) s. with zantad da ; to s. a

(of domestic) gursuna mache. language yin magana, e.g. sow, tr. V. shipka, shibka, we are able to s. Hausa mu-

shuka ; a hole in which to s. na iya yin maganar Hausa

seed sdra. to s. evil of hdchi ; to s. evil sower, n. mai-shipka, ma- of behind one's back chim-

shipki. baya ; to s. proudly yin raha; sowing-time, n. manomi, also to s. secretl}'- or to s. in

fig., e.g. this life is a s.-t. whispers rada; speakingy«-

for the future life, ita du- dalle, see say. niya nana che manomi a spear, n. mdshi, pi. masu-

lahira. suka, or masu ; spec, a long space, n. (open, free room) s. not thrown kasausawa;

sarari, /age ; unoccupied sp. a small s. for throwing han-

(e.g. on the ground, etc.) kaltilo; a small s. tied to

fill, pi. filaye, kanwuri, far- wrist and which after being fajiya, sarari, e.g. there is thrown is pulled back hargi,

no s. here for my load pi. s. dart for harugga ; a or bohu fili a unirin nan ga catching fish hdgu, margi]

kayana; in a less precise V. to cast a s. as a sign of spear 235 spike

declaration of war yasda (or pi. halshina, halussa (S.),

yada) mashi; s. throwing e.g. in the s. of the Fulahs ndshi, pi. nashe-nashe. da halshen Fillani ; he under- spear, tr. v. soka^ soke or sok'i, stands the Hausa s. ya ji halhe^ halhiov harbi, chdke, e.g. maganar Hausa. he speared a fish ya soka kifi. speechless, adj., see dumb, spearman, n. mahalh% pi. ma- silent,

fialba and masu-halbi. speed, n., see haste, species, n. iri, pi. irare, latmi, speedily, adv., see quickly, e.g. they had collected stones soon,

of various s. suka tattara du- spell, n. (charm) magani, pi. watsu na iri dabam daham. maganguna and magunguna. speckled, adj. (of birds, etc) spend, tr. v. kdshe, kisa, kma^ wake-wake^ see spotted. bdtas, (with the idea of waste specks, coll. (spots or dots, more or less implied), e.g. he e.g. on plumage of birds) spent much money ya kdshe zane; spec. s. in eyes of kurdidayawa; aikatada; to

blind tsauriya ; see s. spot. time samu ; he spent one spectacles, n. (the optical month ya samu wata guda.

instrument) minzari*. spew, v. tofi, kurkure. spectre, n.Jatalwa. sphere, azurumi^. speech, n. 1. gen. magana, spice, hot, n. yaji, chefane which can be used in all the (S.); cf. kula* ; spices coll. following senses. jauwi* ; see pepper,

2. (the uttering of words) spider, n. gizo, girgizo, toto,

fadi, pi. fade-fade, fada, ja- tautau, rozo ; female s. koki ; tvdbij e.g. he would hear my spider's web sumya, shau- s. shi kan ji fadata ; until s. shaudo (S.), tautauchi, yana ; be heard (i.e. is ended) har the spider's wife (in stories)

magana a ji ta ; confused, koki.

noisy s. durni. spiderwort, bulasa. 3. (uttered words and so spike, n., an iron s. tsinke, talk, discourse) zanche, ka- chinke (S.), pi. tsinkai ; also -= lami*j aljama, aljima,jawabi. a little s. of straw; s. for 4. (native language) hau- making holes in skin, etc. sa*, pi. harata, halshe, harshe, tsiko, pi. tsikuna. ;; spill 236 splashing spill, V. 1. tr. (to let run over) e.g. tranquillity or happiness

tuddas. of s. dadin zuchiya; spec, 2. intr. tuda or tude. terms connected with popular spilling, harhaduwa. superstitions are : a s. de- spin, V. 1. tr. (to twist into scribed as having hair hang- thread) zare, zari, yin kadi ing down its face and often

to s. yarn sabi*. appearing in trees dodo, pi.

2. intr. (to revolve) kewaye, dodani ; a s. that renders a kewayi, e.g. the top spins ma- man mad or delirious bori;

kodi ya kewaye. evil s. said to kill mother spinach, native s. alayafu, and child at birth uwayara ; alayapo. an evil s. supposed to injure spindle, n. mazari, kadamin tamarind and other trees

abduga ; a sort of s. made of doguwa; an evil s. in form

skin mataki; a mud ball on of snake gajimare ; persons

a kind of s. used in winding and esp. women possessed by

thread gululu. an evil s. masu-bori or masu- spine, (backbone) tsatso. boli. spinning, n. kadi, wddira*, spiritless, adj. da karamar tcodira*. zuchiya. spinning round, anything, n. spit, n. tsinke.

makodi, e.g. ball, top, etc. spit, V. 1. tofa, toJi,fesa, pesa, spinster, n. givabruwa ; an old furji, furza, kaki ; to s. out

s. tuzuruwa. tofi, tofar da, miyau, yau, spirit, n. ruhu*, (soul of man tsalga (S.), tsalte, tsarta; to

generally, also as the seat of s. out water from the mouth feelings, etc.) see soul, (an tsartso, see spurt.

immaterial being, as.) id. 2. see pierce.

the evil s. eblis, shaitan, she- spite, n. chegi, for s. don chegi. tan, shaitan, shaidane, iblis spitting, participial n.fesawa,

an evil s. aljani, fem. aljana, feshi, tofi, e.g. s. accompanied

pi. aljannu, janziri*', jan- by s. of h\ood /esawan jini.

zari*, kankama, kaura ; evil spittle, n. dalele, salabi, miyau, spirits coll. jinnu, also the yau (K.).

pi. rayuka; (a ghost) see splashing, e.g. of water bun- spectre ; (mind) zuchiya, dum-bundum, funjum, tsin- spleen 237 spotted

dum, pinjum, jirivaye* ; an to the leader of an expedition

exclamation descriptive of s. after a raid hamushi.

tsiU, tsulut. sponge, n., soso (K.), susu (S.),

spleen, n. (the bodily organ) i.e. the fibrous network of the sefa^ saifa^ pi. (dis- saifofi ; fruit of a species of gourd,

' ease of the s., splenitis) the ' loofah gourd ; anything

chiwonsaifa; trop. (vexation) used as a s. abin shafe.

haushi, e.g. his s. was roused spool, matari. at this yaji haushin wantian. spoon, n. (made of wood) splendid, adj. (of dress, orna- chokali, koshiya, kwiyafa,

ments, etG.)naado,i&m. taado. kuyafa (S.) ; a s. used for splendour, n. (of dress, etc.) measuring madebi ; a large

ado. wooden s. moda; spoons splenitis, n., see spleen. made from pumpkin rinds splinter, n. (e.g. in the skin) pi. luddai. sartse. spoor, lawali. split, n. tsdga, tsdgi. sport, n. (play, diversion) war- split, tr. V. tsdga, keta, firda, gi; (mirth, also mirthful

farde, datse (S.), fdsa, the contempt) dariya, e.g. we

last also used of cold, faskara. made s. of him mun ba shi splitting, 1. participial n. ke- dariya; (of the field, as tuwa, fasawa, faskari. fowling, \miitmg) farauta.

2. adj. mai-fasawa. spot, n. tabo, pi. tabuna, tavnho spoil, 1. tr. V. (to waste, injure) (S.), dangole ; a s. or blot, e.g.

bdta, bdchi, bdche. of ink dole, kyanda, pi. ky- 2. intr. (to be spoiled, andu, zane, pi. zane-zane (a ; wasted, etc. ) bdche ; of fruits, blemish in an article) aibi,

etc. (to go bad, rot) riba or aibu, pi. aibobi, sqfa7ie, pi. so- ruba. fanai ; a s. of grease maski ; 3. n. and tr, v., see fig. (moral blemish, fault) aib% plunder. aibu ; (a particular locality) spoiled, pass. part, bdtache, wuri, pi. wurare; (speckle)

fern, bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu, rodi, pi. rode-rode.

rubabbe, fem. rubahbiya, pi. spots, having s., adj. wake-

rubabbu; to be s., see spoil 2. wake. spoils, a half share of s. paid spotted, mai-rodi. ; spout 238 squatting spout, n. mazurari. 2. of trees and plants (to sprain, n. targade, put forth buds, leaves, etc.) spread, tr. v. (e.g. a cloth, a tqfu, yin tqfo, yin /oge, yin

mat) shimfida intr. (to sepa- gunda, e.g. the trees s. ita^

rate, scatter) watse, wache; tuwa sun tofu ; the melon

to s. out, tr. (esp. used of sprouts kabewa tana gu7ida. spreading out goods for sale sprouting, gauro, gyauro.

on a mat) shimfida ; to s. out spue, v., see spew.

s, n. kaimi, pi. kayame; s. (the legs) tantana ; to out spur,

wheat to dry haza ; (to expose of a cock kafa.

to view) haydna or haiyana spur, i.e. to prick with a s.

intr. to s. out or abroad, chdchdka. increase yado, yadu, malala^ spurs, long riding-boot with, nasa. n. kufita or kufuta, pi. kufitai, spring, n., of water, idon niwa^ kufutai, kubutai (S.), kuftai rtiaroinaro, raarrmxro^ niar- (K.).

maru ; the mouth of a s. or spurt, to s. out tartso, tudas, well bakin rijiya; for other fantsama. senses see source. spurting, tartsatsi, tudaswa. spring, intr. v. 1. see jump. spy, n. gdta, pi. gataye^ maje-

2. to s. or s. up out of the wayi, magewayi, pi. maje- ground (of seeds, plants) waya.

tsira^ tsire^ tsiro, chira; (of spy, to s. or s. out jewayi, water) balbadu, barbadu. jewaye, leka, leki, leko, yin sprinkle, to buta, bursuna shigoro. (K.), fantsama. spying, n. dauraro, dararo, sprinkling, n. kurmuwa. jewaya, shigoro. sprout, n. (of guinea-corn, etc.) square, n., a s. of men ketvanya. (of pi. the foot) karmdmi ; trees) tofo, squash, to (e.g. with tofuna; spec, new sprouts latse^ lowatse.

after trees, etc. have been squat, intr. v., to s. down with

cut down kankama ; sprout- legs crossed kishinkida, gi-

ing corn yahanya. jirche (S.) ; to s. on the sprout, intr. v. 1. (to spring ground tsugunna. up out of the ground) tsira, squatting, n. tsugum; (the tsiro, tsiri, see spring. body resting upon the inside squeeze 239 stalk

of the thighs with the feet 2. (to confuse, perplex) splayed outwards) zaman ra- dame, ddma and pass, to be kumi s. with ; outspread legs staggered damu. tantana. staggering, n. (e.g. of a dying squeeze, tr. v. mache, matse, man) magagi. matsa, taushe (S.), tausa (K), stain, n. (colouring matter), damfare, tsamki, tattara^ rum- e.g. a red clay used for stain- chiy riimtse to s. a ; lemon, etc. ing eyelids, etc. koya, kowa ; tatsa, tatse, twatsa, twache. a red vegetable s. for the squeezed, pass, particip. tau- teeth kuriya, see dye ; (spot, shashe, fern, taushashiya. blemish, fault) aibu, kufa. squeezing, participial n. tau- stain, V. (to tinge fabrics, etc. shAiiva; s. through a narrow with colouring matter), see place hokoto. dye ; pass, to be stained (in squint, n. idon mage. a wider sense), turn by squirrel, n. kusum-hisa ; Afri- general terms for 'change' can flying s. heran bisa; with the appropriate com- the spiny ground-squirrel plements, e.g. the field was kurege. stained with blood wurin squirt, to tsurara. fada ya sauya ja da jini or stable, n. muri^ harya, mai- wurin fada sai jini; the tivrke] and less precise (a waters were stained all red place for horses) shamaki, ruwaye sun sauya ja ivur ; to pi. sltamakai, shamakoki. s. the face dambara, dan- stable-man, n. dan muri, dambara ; esp. to s. the face barga, birga, see also groom, blue dambara. stack, a s. of corn matdra, staining, yanayi. mataran hatsi. stairs, pi. n. (steps) mahayi, staff, n. sanda, pi. sanduna; karangama ; see steps, kulki, pi, kulake. stake, n. rino, rinu% shishike stagger, v. 1. intr. magagi (S.) ; a s. in gambling riko. with forms in na, e.g. he Stalk, n. (of plants) kdra, pi. was struck by a bullet, he karare, alkdjiya, tsirgagiya; staggered and fell aka halbe (of corn, etc.) zangare, zan- shi da bindiga yana magagi garniya, pi. zangarnu, kar- yafadi. mdmi, Jirchi ; stalks (of ; stalk 240 state

n. tami'dro, beans, ground-nuts) Jiardwa ; star, taurdr'o (Dau- stalks of i^rass used for horses' ra), pi. tamrdru, taurdra% ;

food tattaka ; corn stalks used tatsuniya, pi. tatsuniyoyi ; |

by tanners karanddfi (S.). spec, the morning s. gam-

stalk, to s. an animal robe. zaki ; a shooting s. rnashin \ stall, n. 1. (for cattle) garke, tamraru.

pi. garkuna ; s. (or paddock) stare, n. kallo, zuru.

harga. stare, v. also = to s. at (of 2. (a stand in the market) curiosity) yin kallo, yin zuru,

rumbu, rumpa, pi. rumfuna. e.g. you keep staring at me i stallion, aiigarma, ingarma kafaye kallona.

mounting of a mare by a s. starling, dokin huntu ; the

nuni. glossy s. or grakle tsakwai- stammer, intr. v. ininaj inna. kwaiwa. \ halshe, stam.mering, n. inina7i start, n. sabko, safko. I

kikiniya. start, V. 1. intr. (to move '

stam.p, n. (seal) mazub% ma- suddenly through fear, etc.) taushin watika. razana or razani; (of a

stam.p, to s. down ddhe, tattaka-, horse) to s. or s. back za-

\ floor) stamping down (e.g. a bura ; to cause to s. zaburi ;

ddhe-ddhe. (of a restive horse) to s. tuma. :

stand, on which things are ex- 2. intr. (to move off, set ; sale, n., stall 2. posed for see out) tashi, sabko, safko, sapko, \ stand, intr. v. tsayi, tsaya or yin sabko, e.g. he prepared

tsai which also = to s. up to s. ya sake tashi; tr. (to

and to s. still, e.g. s. there send off) tada, tayas da, e.g. I

till I am ready ka tsayi nan I started a messenger na j

har na yi shiri ; to cause to tada manzo. !

s. still tsaishe I s. upright starve, intr. v. (to perish by ; j

na tsaya daidai ; to s. by or starvation) mutu da yunwa. [ n. (condition) zama and up for (to aid), see help. state, j standard, n. 1. (of proportion, zamanchi; intr. v. to come

measure), see measure. into a s. zdma, zam (S.),

2. (flag of a king) tuta, zama, e.g. he came into a \

s. of distress ya zama matsi- tuti, pi. tutochi. j

standing, tsaye. yachi. i ; ;;

state 241 stick

state, v., see narrate, stem, n. (of plants) karct, kare. statement, e.g. before a judge stepchild, agola, pi. agololi, hiyai/a. tahyo. stay, intr. v. zamna, zauna, stepfather, n. uhcm rana. i^auka: wanzu, which also step-parent, tdlafi, taulafi.

means to delay ; to s. at steps, n. mahayi, tdkawa, a place (i.e. to rest) yi7i karangama; spec. s. formed mugdma ; to s. at a place or of mud mataki, pi. matakai occupation for a day only s. by which to come down yini, e.g. there we s. a day from a place mashidi ; s. nan mu ke yini daya; I s. placed for mounting a horse at work the whole day ina Hkkafa^ and likkafan doki^. yini aiki ; a s.-at-home (per- sterile, adj., see barren, son) klfin Tijiya) to s. pro- steward, n. (manager) wakili ceedings tsaida magana) to to act as a s. wakiJta. cause to s. zamnas da, zamshe. stewardship, n. wakilchi. 5teal, tr. V. sache, yin sata, yin stick, n. sanda, pi. sanduna, swane (or sane); spec, to s. kurki, kidki, pi. kulake, ku- ' goods kwache. ina ; walking s. kandiri, kwa^ itealing, n. (theft) sata, hara- giri; (such as is used by a blind tconchi, sane, swane, harauchi; man)jagora, givalma ; a s. cut i s. earnest money chin amdna; from a tree and in this sense cattle-s. wdgi*, tvogi*. usually fern, iche or itache tealth, he went by s. ya yi a thin bending s. tsumanjiya; sanda. a heavy s. guduma ; a s. tealthily, suUup. carried by porters loko^ ; a tealthy, s. walk as of a thief s. used for stirring soup etc. sanda. muchiya, ynaburgi, mabur- team, surachi, turari. kaki (S.); a crooked s., e.g. team-boat, n.,as.-b. is usually one used for pulling down designated by Hausas who fruit 7'orami] a s. with a have seen one by jirigin bent handle pauma. icuta orjirigin hayaki; a loco- stick, V. 1. tr. (to pierce) soka, motive s.-engine dokin wuta. soke or soki. teep, tos. in water ^,9m«, tsoma. 2. intr. to stick fast (e.a keeping, in water tsime, tsimi. m a narrow passage) yin R. H. D. 16 ;

stickiness 242 stop

harankam; also s. to or to- stirrup, n. likkafa; an iron s. gether lazumta^ lazumche, kehe* ; leather cords by which

kakkafe, like, liki, nana, see the s. hangs kinami; brass adhere, cleave to. stirrups zarnawi.

stickiness, yauki, yapki, yabki. stock, n. (seed, kind, tribe)

stiff, to be, intr. v. gage, gaga, iri, pi. irare.

sankare, sandare, kdge, sage stockade, kdji, kahi (S.). of skins etc. kandare (K.), stocks, e.g. a log to which a

kangare (K.), kangare (S.). recaptured slave is fastened still, to be, intr. v. kawaita, turu.

pass, impersonal, be still ! a stolen, ktvachache ; a receiver

kawaita. of s. property dan tugu. still-bom, haifuwa hari. stomach, tumbi, pi. tumbuna.

stilt, black-winged s. takahddo, stone, n. dutsi, duchi (S.), pi.

takabarhado (S.). duwatsu and duwarwatsi*,

stilts, kadarko*. pa (S.), pi. pdni ; a flat s. for rolling rice on magurji sting, tr. V. halbi, harhi, sdra, ;

tdha, halle, halla. a precious s. yakutu* ; a

s. stinginess, n. kalmashen zu- white zaura*, idon zaura ;

chiya, rowa, tsimi. a s. ball makodi ; slinging a

sting-ray (Trygon), kundmar s. majaujawa, majajaiwa; a

ruwa. small s. burguje (S.) ; a stony stingy, adj. dM rowa, mai- plain hamdda* ; a s. in the rowa, bahili*. path kauwa*. stink, n. doyi, dwai, ivari ; stones, n. in coll. sense, small

see smell, s. tarki*, tsdkuwa ; s. col- stink, intr. v., e.g. they s. suna lected together, e.g. round a doyi. well marmara ; s. used as a stinking, to become, intr. v. support magirkai*. zama wa7^i. stool, n. kujera. stir, V. 1. tr. (for the purpose stoop, intr. v. sunkwiya, sun- of mixing) ruda; to s. about who kuya, tsugunna ; one in a pot while cooking taiga, stoops dukau. talgi, iuka. stop, full, n. kora.

2. intr. (to move oneself) stop, V. 1. tr. (to make or yiri motsi. cause to stand still) tsaishr. store 243 strange

kwdbe, kwdba, kwdbo, tare, red and white s. tsagagi; tdra; s. it with your hand the saddle-billed s. or Jabiru, tdre shi da hannu ; to s. up jahirma; rosy s. or African a hole like, toshe. wood-ibis tsagagi; sacred ibis 2. intr. (e.g. of one walk- jinjimi ; Hadadah ibis rara. ing, running, etc.) tsayi, Storm, n. hddari, pi. hddara; tsaya or tmi (to come to ; a whirling dust s. gugmva, an end) id., e.g. at that holoko, huluku ; a heavy rain point it stopped daga nan s. or rain cloud zirnaniya or ija tsaya; (of a horse etc.) zurnaniya. zame. story, n. kariya*, tatsimiya, pi. 3. to delay ddde. tatsuniyoyi (latter also = a s. 4. to s. up dwade; stop told at night, a fireside s.), thief! ku tdre ku tdre; (to gdtana, riwaya (S.), aljama, stay, stay at, etc.) see stay. aljima; an untrue s. kariya, tore, n. 1. (a supply laid up) fira or Aim* ; the telling of (ijiya a ; large s. of anything a s. riyaya ; a s. (told as an fuli,jibgi. allegory) almara. 2. (a place for storing stout, adj. 1. (of persons = fat, things) Tumhu, rufogo, gun- of things =: thick) da kabri, sakawa. da kauri. .tore, tr. v., also to s. up aje ; 2. see brave, to s. up goods jihga ; to s. stove, n. murufu, madaji. up treasure tarkache. stow, tr. V. (to lay up) aje. tore-room, n. taska, pi. tas- straight, adj. sosai, daidai*, kaki, see store 2. e.g. they followed the s. path :orey, upper, in a house, n. sun bi hanya sosai. kandaki, pi. kandakuna, soro, Strain, tr. v. (to filter) rare, tsoro. tache; to s. out rare, tardre, ioring grain, a ciiamber for, tardro. n. ra/'oniya, pi. ra/oni ; a strainer, n. marari, marare. large barn for s. ru/ogo, g. straining, n., a calabash witli see store 2. holes for s. rariya. ork, n., black s. kasheri, mai- strand, e.g. of rope nunki, jikka; the marabout s. horin- ninki, ribe. tumki, , babba da jikka ; a tall Strange, 1. (foreign) bako, fern. 16—2 ; strangeness •244. striking

kwdri* (power over some- hakiiwa, pi. bakuna, baki and ; bakokuna. thing else) iko, pi. ikoki; differ as absolute 2. (odd, extraordinary) these terms ex- relative, e.g. s. of mind bako ; this notion is also and surpassed pressed by the n. aVamari karifin zuchiya ; he (matter) in the pregnant sense him in s. ya fi shi karifi: the s. of a of 'as. matter,' e.g. what a we do this by

this s. charm muna yin haka da s. thing ! aVamaringa ; kambi* to ex- war wannan aVamarin yaki. ikon magani, ; gdgara. strangeness, n. bakonchi, ba- ceed in s. tr. v. karfafa. kontaka. strengthen, stretch, forth, tr. v. rtuku, stranger, n. bako, fem. bakuwa, mike; to s. a bow-string pi. bakuna, baki and bako- intr. to be stretched kuna, haddka, pi. haddku, tanka] forth or out mikw, to s. out ba-ture; to act as a s. yin hand zurma; to bei bakonchi or yin bakontaka the out (used of a dog stretched j service done to a s. bakonchi, (S.); stretching one','j bakontaka. lake limbs sleepily on waking strangle, tr. v. shctki, shake, barchi. makure. magagin chi chirawa ; to s. yin strap, tied to bit, n. kamazuru. stride, mike tsawo. stratagem, n. wayo, hila, rawa, o idon-yaki to strife, n. fdda, fama; (s. . fila, yaudara, ; or tongues, contention) haya use s. gajna with wayo niya, gardama. kai. mala- strike, tr. v. mdra, see beat straw, n. tsaiwa ; s. hat and and the verbs given unde fa, malfa, pi. malafuna n. ; to s. (and so bruise malafai, garumfa, garunfa. blow smsish)/al/asa, bubbuga, ribdt stream, n., small running s. to s. a tent nmj flowing s. rifde, rubde ; malala ; a fast with the fist dan of a s. laima ; to s. korama ; the hollow dankwaahe; to s. i kwazazzabo. kwasa, buga, kdda,ktvankwasn street, n. hanya, pi. hanyoyi, drum tabi; s. repeatedl}' see way. striking, n. marmarawo strength, n. (inherent power participial or firmness) karji, kariji, buga-buga. ; ;

string 245 stump

string, n. iyiya^ pi. igoyi and ivaye ka ; spec. s. in war Hl^y^U^\ sillya, pi. siliyu or gargami, garkami ; very s. siliyoyi ; wadari, pi. wadura ; (epithet of lion) gadanga ; a spec. s. for tying up trousers s. man kodago, gwarzo, pi. mazargi, zariya; strong white gwaraje; to be s. bunkdsa s. made of flax kirtani. s. slave kato, fem. katiiwa, strip, n., of cloth kwariya; pi. katta. strips of black leather ktvaro; strongly, adv. da kariji. to cut into strips rede. strophanthus, (usedforpoison- strip, tr. V. ktcare, kwoH, fige ing arrows) kwankwani. to s. (skin of fruits, etc.) strutting, tdkama- (of a wo hare, hdra to s. ; leaves from man) made. a stalk hralde; to s. off' stubble, n. kulutfura, kiUut- garments tv,he riguna, dehe ture, kotuttura; the s. of rig una. guinea-corn, wheat, etc. tu- stripe, n. (blow) fig. sanda. shiya. stripe, 11. (in cloth, blue) saki, stubborn, adj. mai-kinji, pi.

.^a-aki ; stripes (e.g. on a masu-kinji, da taurin zuchiya, bird, etc.) za7ie ; having da tsayaya. stripes, adj. wake-wake ; to stubbornness, n. ta^iri, taurin (h'aw stripes za7ia, zani. zuchiya, tsayaya. 3triped, (cloth) saki-saki. study, v. (to endeavour dili- strive, intr. v., see attempt, gently) yin anuiya, e.g. s. to stroke, n. mari, pi. maremare follow ; the true path ku yi see also blow, anniya ku bi hanyar gaskiya. stroke, to, with the hand stumble, intr. v. tuntsure, yin hdlaya^ saha. timtuhe, yin tangadi ; to s. strokes, n., see lines, against a stone kdro da strong, a.dyma.i-kariji, ^X.masu- dutsi. karifi, da kariji, kodago, da stumbling, n. sansarifa, sas~ i/azau, da iauri, ishashe, fern. sar'ifa, shekarakki*, tangadi 'shashiya, pi. ishashu ; very (K.), tuntuhe. s. kakkarifa-, to be s. yiri stump, n., of tree gutsnn itache, kwdri] he is stronger than gatsa, ko7'i, kwabri, gungume, I ya huwaye ni ; I am pi. gumagumai, guntu, ku- stronger than you 7ia hu- tuttura, kotuttura ; a small ;; stupid 246 sudden

s. tsatsage ; s. of a leg or arm cessful) iyas, iyas da, iyar da,

kdrasa, yin zama; impers. it

stupid, adj. (wanting in sense) succeeds ya kama, ya yi ; to s. maras-hankali. (as heir) gdda, gciji or gdje. stutter, intr. v. i^ina, 2. to s. (i.e. to take the stuttering, n. i'inar halshe. place of another) tnaya, mayi sty, n., in the eye hazbiya, to be succeeded by gada da.

hitnunutva. (in war), n. success, dache* ; subdue, tr. V. (to conquer, e.g. ndsara and nasarchi ; to

a people) chi. obtain s. (in war) yin nd- subject, n. (matter) tada, pi. sara, katari.

tadocli, e.g. a s. of enquiry successor, inamayi.

tadat tanibaya. such, demonstr. adj. 1. (like subject to, to be, intr. v. (to that) e.g. we cannot do s. a be characteristically prone thing ha tnu iya yin abu kaza.

to) turn by means of tarka, 2. (that referred to, the

e.g. he is s. to terror ya tarka naming of which is avoided

razana, see character. by narrator), e.g. ho ! (or submission, putting earth on here !) s. a one ya ka mutum

the head as a sign of huruwa. kaza; takethis money to s. and submissive, aid].mai-tankwasa. s. persons ku tafi da kurdin submissiveness, n. tmikwasa. nan ga miitane kaza da kaza. submit, intr. v., e.g. I s. my- suck, tr. V. tsotsa, tsotse, sha;

self na tankwasa kaina. to s. a lime or lemon sha subscription, (e.g. a contribu- leniu (of infants) ; sha nono

tion of food) tarhache. to s. in or up (e.g. as a subside, intr. v. (e.g. of water) sponge water), id.

kdfe, wuche, fuche\ (gen. to sucked, tsotsatse; a s. lime

abate, lessen) raye^ ')i'<^y% ragu. tsotsatsel lemu. substitute for something, n. sucking, tsotso.

maitnako, maimaki, madadi, suckle, tr. V. (to give suck to) madadin*. goyo, yin goyo, ba nono. suburb, n. unyuiva, anguwa, Sudan, pr. n. Sudan. pi. unguwai, ungwanai, un- sudd, (floating grass) tsambo, gunnai. datnba.

succeed, intr, v. 1 . (to be suc- sudden, adj., s. death saukin ;

suddenly 247 superior

mutiitva ; s. action is some- suitable, adj. daidai.

times expressed bj'- tvuj\ e.g. suitor, mai-7ieman aure. he gave a s. jump ya yi wuf; sulk, to dakile. see quick, sulphur, fara rvuta, kibrit^. suddenly, adv. da sauki, bum, sum, n. (aggregate of numbers) mamaye, tnatne. kida or kididdiga; (of a suffer, V. 1. tr. (to endure) statement), see substance, jimri (to allow) hari, ; bar, summit, n. kai, kololuwa,

e.g. s. me to enter bar ni in tsololuwa, bisa; s. of hill xhtya, phr. s. me kiyaye ni. kan tudu, tuluwa (K.).

2. intr. (to undergo pain summon, tr. v. kira, kiraya or or distress) sha wahala. kiraye ; to s. to where the suffice, V. isa and ishe. speaker is kirawo. sufficient, adj. ishashe, fern. sun, n. fem. rana, ra, pi. ra- ishashiya, pi. ishashu, also nuka* ; the s. rose rana (ta expressed by appending the fita or) ta tashi ; the s. set impers. ya isa or ya ishe, rana ta fadi, the s. is about e.g. we have s. bread muna to set rana ta kusa fadn,wa ;

da gu7'asa {ya isa or) ya ishe heat of the s. gumi.

mu ; exclamatory s..! phr. sunbird, s/ta kauchi ; ruddy- bus, which =^ say no more ! throated s. ja7ibarde. to be s., see prec. Sunday, n. lahadi, Iddi. suffocate, suffocation, v. and sunder, tr. v., see divide, n., see choke, choking. sunken eyes, one with, adj. sugar, sukur*, takanda*. and n. mai-kwarnii*. sugar-cane, n. takanda, rake, sunrise, time of, n. tasawal urakke (S.), kdran sariki. hantsi ; cf. it is s. I'aiia ta suicide, kiskansa (S.),kaskansa fita chim. (K.). sunset, n. futiiru, fadawar suit, n. (claim at law) kara, (or faduwar) rana. q.v. ; to make or bring a s. sunstroke, n. jiri. kara and kai kara. superfluity, n. wanji. suit, v. yamshe, gama, e.g. it superior, adj. mafifichi, pi,

suits me ya cjamshe ni ; this majijita : this is s. to that dress does not s. me riyan irannati mafifichi daga wan- luni ba ta karbe ni. chaw, to express 'this thing superiority 248 susp^H

or this method is s.' use the ya tabbata nan ; you3u ma^fl"ma; impers. yara haka, or givama assume that he is an infidel

haka, lit. it is better so, see hi tabbata kafiri ne.

also surpass. surety for a debt, n. lamuni -. superiority, fiydya, fiydye- (a person who is s.) mai-

supplicate, tr. v. (to pray lamuni ; to be or become

earnestly) bara, kdma kafa. s. lamunta, lartiunche ; with

support, n. madogara^ makari, ace, e.g. we becanie s. for

tankari ; the last also fig., the merchant muka lamuntu

e.g. a king is the s. of the falke. world sariki shi ne tankarin surfeit, ginsa; to cause ^

duniya ; spec, (pole of house) ginshe.

gimshiki ; he called for s. ya surging, n., e.g. s. backwards

huya goya ; see also aid, and forwards in battle dau- assistance, help. kakkeniya.

support, tr. V. (e.g. as a pole surpass, tr. v. Ji, yin fifiko, supports a tent) tokdra, tan- waye (S.), tsere, dada, e.g.

kare; spec, to s. anything the strength of elephants with the hand spread out surpasses that of camels kari-

tallaha ] to s. oneself with fin gitvaye ya Ji na raJmynma; the palm of the hand dafa. this surpasses that tvannan

suppose, V. zdto, zachi, zache, ya dadi wanchan ; to s. any-

tamaha, kintata. one .it his trade or profession supposition, ivasuwasi. shashe.

pi. sure, adj., see trustworthy. surpassing, n. fi., fiye-fiir sure, to be or make, v, tah-

bata, tahbache ; I am s. na surpassing, adj. mafi. tabhoia. surrender, tr. v. (to give up, surely, adv. (certainly) tabbas, resign) sallame. ashe, da gaskiya, da gaske, surround, tr. v. keivaye, h-

gaske, hakika, hakika ; s. is ivayi, kewayo.

also idiomatically expressed survivor, the sole s. of. by the particle sai as well family barau. as the V. tabbata, e.g. the suspect, to tuhuma. 1 people will s. rise mutane suspend, tr. v. rataya, yw

sai su tashi ; he is s. there rataya. ;

suspicion 249 swim

suspicion, n. matsina*, tu- sweetmeat, n. allewa, aJewa; hnma. spec, a s. made from the aya sustain, tr. v., see support, reed dakmva. swagger, to yin tdkama. sweetness, n. (taste) zaki, swaggering, n rangwada (S.), dadi, the last gen. and of rangaji (K.), takama, yanga, taste too, e.g. thou shalt made; (used of a woman) taste of its s. za ka sha dadi alfarma, manti, yatsuna. nata.

swallow, n. tsaitsewa, tsaijewa, swell, intr. V. 1. kumhura or tsetf^etva, chechewa, chichiya kundjiire ; ; (of a sore, etc.)

the large mosque s. hvar- kaha.

dodo ; the snjall mosque s. 2. fig. (to be inflated with

mashirare, masherera. pride, etc.) kumhura, e.g. swallow, tr. v. hade, hadiye thou swellest with pride s\vallo^ying hadiya ; the act because it is said thou ex-

of trying to s. hvdra. cellest all ka^ia kumhurawa swamp, n. kdfo, kafau (S), wai ko. fi kowa; the same tapki may be expressed by means

sway to and fro, intr. v. rau- of chichika (lit. be filled f/cji (K.), rangwada (S.). with), swear, intr. v. rantse, ranche, swelling, kumburi, kumhu- yin rautsufva, sdha, sdbi, e.g. riya; (with sickness) kabuwa; I swear by God na rantse da a s. caused by guinea-worm Allah. hangara; a s. on the back sweat, n. and intr. v. ; see doro; a slight s. on the perspiration, perspire, body or itch kazuwa, guda sweep, tr. \. shara or share, (S.) ; a s. in front of a f/iit shara. man's body (elephantiasis) sweeping, participial n. shara. gugi; a s. on hand or foot sweet, adj. (to the taste) da kakari\ a s. on the foot zaki, tutushi, (nice, agreeable, kurkushe ; a s. on the throat grateful to any sense feel- or hangum* ; ef. also kivikwi, ing) da dadi. kullutu. sweetly, adv. da dadi, e.g. the swept, pass. part, shararre, bird sings s. tsuntsutva tana fem. shararra, pi. shararru, icaka da dadi. swim, intr. v. iivo, yin iyo, swimmer 250 tal

futo^ yin linkdya ; I can s. gyaUj mingyau, 7nanjau (K, na iya rmva. maigyau (S.), chusayi (K,

swimmer, an expert gtvanin a medicine for s. riga kafi. ruiva. syrup, n. madya*. swim.m.ing, n. iyo, ktirme^ lin-

kdya^ ninkaya. table, n. rumfa, riimpa, pi. rWi swindler, n. mai-zambachi or puna or rumfuna., maida*. ormi-zambata, mai-zamha. taciturn, adj. (habitually swine, n. (domestic) gttrsunu, lent) turn by tarka q.v<

e.g. is t. see pig. he ya tarka ( swing to and fro, tr. reta, kurum, yin shiru, kurum o

intr. (TO, Wo. shirti. swinging, n. veto, shillo. tackle, n. (implements, instr switch, n. (i.e. one for driving ments, apparatus) kaya.

away flies, made from cow's or kayayeki or kayayaki.

horse's tail) izga, tsagiya (S.). tail, n. wutsiya ; cow's swoop, (e.g. of a hawk) bara horse's t. used as a switcl

masc, sura. izga, tsagiya (S.). swoop, to kaivo sura. tailor, n. madutnki, fem. m sword, n. takobi, pi. takuhba, dumkiya, pi. inadumkai.

kansdkali ; spec, a s. with a take, tr. v. gen. (seize, lay ho)

broad blade findi ; as. with of) kama, saniu, dauka, dau a double sharp edge tagoyyuis, doka, dau or do, karba, karb

tagomashij tatuga, taniogashi ; t. a] ; amshi, make to (of s. with one cutting edge ta- object running away, abo

malaulo ; a cheap, roughly to escape or resist) kaTna

made s. tdma ; a rasp for (with the added notion

sliarpening s. magagari ; to reaching, overtaking, finding]

draw a s. zare, zware, zari, (of pickin samu ; taking or

takobi ; a curved s. worn by up an object from the ground,*

Arabs bisalami* ; a wooden a table, shelf, etc.) dauka,

s. pauma. doka, chdfa \ to t. up an sword-sling, n. hamVa. carry away kwashe ; to t.* synonym, sauivi. and bring kwaso (of receiv- ; syphilis, n. chitvutaii birni, ing) karba and especially as tunijere, kaba, kabuwa, man- an imperative karbo q.v., also ;

take 251 talk

amjo, ingo (S.); to t. back t. to oneself karbo ; to t. up fAtmbe to ; t. (conduct, guide) dauka or doka ; to t. up with kai; to t. (of game, fish) hand or spoon mara ; kama; to t. a (of road, way) id., handful dimtso ; to t. care, e.g. he took his road (pur- heed or notice of tuna da, sued his journey) i/a kama kula da; (in proclamations hanya; (of medicine) if 't. notice that') ji, ji^a, liquid sha and hade, if solid saurara, sorara ; he was hade; cf. the fire caught Haken in' banza ta shashe imtta ta kama; t. and shi. bring tariyo"^, kankamo ; to taking away, participial n. t. a thing to yabata da ; to karbawa, amshewa. t. away kai, kawa, kaiida, tale, n. (story) tatsuniya, kaushe, kaivas, p|. kawas da, tatsuuiyoyi, riwaya ; to tell jishe, jige or figi^ dcmka, at. riya; (of fiction, unreal doka, gushe, jidadda, tafi da, or false t.) kariya*, fira or e.g. he took it away ya tafi hira, see story, da shi; fitada, fishe to t. ; talebearing, amiamimi, away by an- force kivache or namimanchi ; telling tales kwashe, anishe ; to t. down against anyone kivarmato. (gen.) shida or shide, shido talent, n., see ability 2. (a tent) nade ; to t. for one- talk, n. (= conversation, self mutual dauko; to t. hold of discourse) zanche or zanchi, ilaiika or doka; to t. in (to battt, roshi, and in a less let or bring in) shigas da; precise sense magana to ; loud t. oft" dehe or debo, daibo, t. dumi, see talking, fuda, fitas da, fisge, or fizge talk, V. (converse) zanche, fusge; tan- (garments) tube; to ka or tamka, the first with t. off garments as sign of forms in na or with grief yi, e.o-. takaba ; to t. off a load, I am talking with my friends etc. zubda; to t. iy\it fidda, ma zanche (or ina yin zanche) fUar da,fitas,fita8 da, debe, da ahokaina, zantatva with debo, dlha and daibo, fisge, forms in na, yin batu, yin fizge, fusge, tsami ; t. up magana, e.g. we talk in and bring it here ! debo ; to Hausa muna yin maganar t. a little of gutsura; to Haum; he talks nonsense ; : talkative 252 taster

shhia mayana harkatai (pa- tan, tr. v. jemi, jima, ; shema, laver) aVamari^. shiyna, tuje*.

talkative, very, adj. mai- tank, n., see cistern,

yaraje^ (S.). tanner, n. majemi, pi. majema, talkativeness, saniyd^, sururi masherni.

(S.), surutu (K.). tanning, a tree used for, n. talking, participial n. (con- hagaruiva, gabaruiva, po,tako, versing) fadi, fade-fade^ hu- sari. chi, pi. kuche-kuche, zayitawa tap, to (e.g. a pot) kwankivasa.

much t. tankiya ; noise of tapeworm, Uila^ tamza, dauda-

angry or loud t. hargoiva, chiki. haya-haya. tarry, intr. v. 1. (to stay) tall, adj. dogo, fern, dogtiwa, zamna, e.g. we tarried in

pi. dogaye, zarau, pi. zara- Timbuctoo three months niun

zara ; the comparative taller zamna chikin Tumhutu ivatu and superlative tallest are nku.

expr. hyji, cf. H. Gr. pp. 75, 2. t. for (to wait iov) jira thin man yankare. jirache, 76 ; at. and

tallness, n. tsawo. 3. (to delay) yin yauchi.

talon, n. akaifa ; spec, inside task, n. aVamari, and in a

of a bird's t. dunduniya. general sense aiki. tamarind tree, n. tsamiya. tassel, tuntu.

tame, adj. (subdued, domesti- taste, tr. V. 1. (to try the cated), no general term, the flavour of) dandana and daa-

distinction between t. and ddn% e.g. have you ever

wild species being sometimes tasted pepper 1 kun tdha dmi-

expressed by different words, dana harkono 1

e.g. t. swine gursunu opp. to 2. fig. (to experience) sha,

hanzir and gyado ; t. dog e.g. thou shalt taste its sweet-

kare and karen gida ; t. ness za, ka sha dadi nata animals hisashen gida. he tasted trouble ya sha

tame, to lele ; the hyena can- tvahala. not be tamed kura ha ta taste, n. dandana. kiyayuwa. tasteless, adj. Idmi and da tameness, n. (easy disposition, Idmi, da babu zaki. want of spirit) lalafanchi. taster, n. madaiidani. ; tasty 253 tempt tasty, adj. (of food, etc., nice tear, n. (rent in clothes, etc.) to taste) da dad% da zaki. yaguiva, dan barki. tattoo, to kaskasta, shaushauta. tear, tr. v. (clothes, paper, etc.) tattoo marks, akanza, see yaga, yage, tsdga, tsdge, tsa- under marks. gagge, chage, keta, katsa, taut, tarn, tamau-tamau. katse, keche, kiche, murtsuka, tax, n. humushi, haraji ; spec, barke, barka, karantsaye

a t. paid on leaving a country to t. out iona and tone ;

garama, Jito ; the latter to t. to pieces tsatsaga,

t. also = a which used to fatattake ; to t. up chi- be paid to the king in the chira.

Kano market when buying tearing, n., e.g. of a gown,

a slave; a caravan t. fdto; barkutca, karantseyi, ketuwa,

a t. on cows jarigali ; a t. tsdga.

on an inlieritance tirka ; see tease, to ddme, ddma.

taxes. tease, a mai-fUina, unai-ta''- tax, to tirkata. adi. tax-collector, n. mai-karbar teeth, n., see tooth,

garama. tell, tr. V. (to inform, also to taxes, n. gen. kurdin kasa, command) fdda or fddi,

jinga ; to pay t. 7/in jinga. furta*. teach, tr. v. koya Tna, bada temerity, gadauniya.

koyo, karantas da, karantasa, temper, n. (disposition) hdli, karantashe, cdmajirtad da, pi. hdlaye ; evil t. hdlin mu- sanas da or saada*. (irritation, gu ; passion) hau- teacher, n. mai-koya, mai-foro, shi, kumchin znchiya, e.g. he

mafori, shaihu*. is in a bad t. with you shina teaching, n. (the act of teach- jin haushhika, ing) A*o?/att;rt; (doctrine) koya. tempest, n. hadari, zirnaniya ; teal, tlie whistling t. jalili, see storm, kirinjijiya, the latter also temple, n. (a place of worship)

= the African tree duck ; a niasallachi, pi. rnasallatai.

species of t. kivarra (S.). tempt, tr. V. 1 . (to test or put tear, n. (also coll. = tears) ha- to trial) yin jaraba.

waye ; witli tears da hawaye; 2. (in bad sense, to allure, to shed tears yin haiuaye. mislead) rude. ; temptation 254 thank

temptation, n. (trial) jaraba. termites, (i.e. white ants) n. tempter, n. marude or mai- gdra (also used as coll.), pi. rude, pi. maruda. gdrani, shinge.

ten, card. num. goma, pi. go- terms, n. pi. (conditions, stipu-

miya ; the latter is some- lations) shardi, shartu, sha- times used to express mul- ratsa*.

tiples of t., e.g. gomiya uMi. terrify, tr. v. tsorata, hada tenant, mai-dro. tsoro, burga. tend, tr. v. (to watch cattle) terror, n. 1. abstr. (the emotion) kiwo. tsoro^ tsantsanta^ matsorachi, tender, adj. (soft, in a material razd7ii.

sense) da tapshi {tabshi or 2. concr. (an object of t.)

tafshi) ; to be or to make t. abin tsoro.

yin tapshi ; the t. leaf danye test, n. jaraba.

or danyi, pi. danyoyi. test, tr. V. dandana, dandani

tendon of Achilles, dga7-a; spec, to t. anything hy smell-

t. (S.). of foot matsarbaje ing it sunsuna ; to t. the tent, n. lema, laima, bukka, pi. weight of a load jijiga.

bukkoki; to pitch a t. ka/a testament, (with) wasichi*. lema; to take down a t. testator, umsiya*. node lema; spec. t. of skins testicles, gwaiwa, marena, or leather only al/arwa, pi. tsugau, tsugwaigwai.

alfaruwa. testimony, n. shaida, pi. shai-

tenth, n. of number, 1. (one dai and shaidodi ; to adduce

part of ten) ushuri. t. kai (and kawo) shaida

2. (one t. devoted to re- which also = to bear t., as do

ligious purposes, alms) zakka. shaida and yhi shaida, e.g.

tenth, adj. na-goma, fern, ta- he bore or gave t. ya shaida gom,a. or ya yi shaida. tentpole, n. tankari; shika- tether, to tie with a long t. shiki, pi. shikashikai. talala.

terebinth, n. gwinki. thank, tr. v. goda, gode, barka,

term, n. 1. (limit, end, bound- gaida, gaishe, yin albarka, sa ary) iyaka. albarka; * thank you' na

2. (the time a thing lasts) gode ma ka or godiya; 'no

zam,ani. thank you ' albarka. thanks 255 thatch

thanks, n. pi. godiya; expres- verbs of asserting, | knowing, sions for to give t. are: 1. perceiving, judging, wishing, (to God) gode, and with yi commanding, e.g. this woman or pres. forms godiya followed says t. she will not go on by ma, ga or zwva ga, machen nan ta die ha za ta shukra. tafiya ha; I said to them t. 2. (to men) gode, yaha; I did not perceive t. I had for the Engl, phrase 'thanks' been struck by a shot na cf. prec. fadi ma su han sa^ii ha aka that, 1. demonstr. pron. point- halhe 7ii da hindiga ; I desire ing out remote object ivaii- t. you give me my money chan, fem. ivachan, pi. ina so ka ha ni kurdina ; he those) (= wadanchaii ; an ordered t. they should be emphatic form =- 1. one wan- fettered ya hakumche a sa yna chananka ; the following = su gigar. In the same way those as well as t. chan, chana may be expressed a con- or (in written Hausa) chan- sequence, e.g. he terrified anka, e.g. t. lion zaki chan; him (so) t. he fell down ya nafi is also employed in this tsorata ski ya/adi a kas ; he sense, e.g. t. business abin beat it t. it died ya yi ma ta nan. hulala ta mutii ; similarly 2. rel. pron., see under verbs of causing and the who. like may govern a clause, 3. conj. t. (in order t.), t. which takes the emphatic not (in order t. not), see pronouns, expressing the order 3. effect, e.g. I will make bin. 4. Engl, t., as a conjunc- run (= I will cause t. he run) tive particle, pointing out 7ii sa ski ski gudu ; permit t. one sentence or clause as I depart har ni in tafi. logically the object of an- That, used after to say, other, is unrepresented in assert etc. cheiva, this use is Hausa, which expresses such however very limited, cf. a connection, in nearly every dominchewa. case, by simply placing the thatch, grass used for, n. bunu, dependent after the principal pi. hunai. sentence. This is so with thatch, to, with grass baibaya, ; ;

thatched roof 256 thing

heheya, yin jinka, yhi kan- is, t. are, etc. akwai, e.g. t. dama. is a journey before us akwai thatched roof, n. tanka, jinka. tafiya gdhan imt ; I went t. thatching, a leaf used for, n. na tafi gurin. Jitta; millet stalks used for therefore, don tvannan, fa,

t. maiwa ; a grass rope used dada.

in t. jiniya. these, dem. pron., see this. the (definite article), -n, e.g. they, pers. pron. prefixed to

where is the woman 1 ina various forms of past tenses

machen ? su, SU71, suka, suffixed to the theatre, n. gidan wascC*. aux. verb of the future, e.g. thee, pers. pron., see thou. t. will... za su.... theft, n. sata, sani or swane^ thick, adj. da kahri, da loallo*, kauri. their, possess, pron. suffixed thief, n. harawo, fem. harau-

-su, -nsu, e.g. t. town garinsu niya, pi. harayi or barai,

t. wives matayensu ; separate, mai-sane, mai-sata ; a t. who if the object possessed is comes in the night kwaro* ; masc. nasu, if fern. tasu. a receiver of stolen property them, pers. pron. suffixed to dan tugu.

verbs and prepositions as ob- thieving, n. harawonchi, ha-

ject, e.g. he destroyed t. yahal- rauchi, sata, sane or swane

laka su ; to t. ma su, gave su. secret t. ja chiki. then, adv. (at that time) sa^an thigh, n. chi7iya, pi. chinyoyi,

nan, lokachin nan, yanda, kdtara, pi. katatari, kar- yatvan da, yayin da, yaanan ; fata. (t. and not till t. or and t.) thin, adj. (tine, as flour, dust,

kana*, kan* , kanda^, e.g. do etc.) laushi; (not stout) ha

my work (tirst) and t. do kahri; (lean, emaciated) a your own ka yi aikina kana rame, shalma, siriri, fem. (in ka yi naka ; that case, in siririya, e.g. her young were its weakest sense) mana, fa, quite t. diyata sai a rame ; to

e.g. come, t. zo Jiiana. become t. rame, yin rama. thence, adv. ddga chan. thing, n. abu, connective ahhi, there, adv. chan, ddga chan, pi. abuhuwa or abu; (in the

imiri cha7i, a tvuri chan ; t. gen. sense of matter, subject) ; ; think 257 thousand

tada, pi. tadodi; things e.g. t. house gidanga; t. created talikai*. town garinga. think, V. (to reflect, ponder) thither, adv. of place nan, tuna, tunane; to t. of, or chan, wurin chan. (to thong, leather guru, karho about tuna da ; deem) (to (S.), kangi*. :(cto*, zache, tsamdni ; imagine, expect) tamaha thorn, kaya, pi. kayayuwa or with yi and the pronouns kayoyi, kararigiya; spec, a in na. tree with white thorns, from thinness, silili (S.), siriri fruit of which ink is made (K.), farak kaya; a thorny bush third, 1. ordinal num. na-uku^ sarkakiya.

fern, ta-uku. thorn-apple, (Datura metel)

2. fractional num. (one zakami, haukat yaro, babha part out of three) sulusi* juji.

two-thirds sulusani* ; the t. those, demonstr. pron., see

day, i.e. the day after the that 1. day after to-morrow gata. thou, pers. pron. separate and thirst, n. kishiruwa, kishirwa, emphatic kai, fern, ki or ke

kishi; to feel t. jin kishiruwa, prefixed to past and suffixed jin kishi. to fut. auxiliary ka, fem. ki,

thirsty, adj. da kishirutva (or e.g. t., O woman ke mache

kishirwa). t. wilt return here za ka

thirteen, cardinal num. goma komo ; t. wast stung by a sha uku, also sha uku. scorpion an halbe ka da ku-

thirty, card. num. talatin. nama ; the above also ~ thee this, dem. pronominal adj. after prepositions and tr. wannan, pi. (these) waclan- verbs, e.g. along with thee

fern, ; nan, wanga, wagga, tare da kai to thee ma ka ; walga, warga (S., Zanf.), pi. I saw thee (fem.) 7ia gan (these) wada7iga; nan used ki.

for all genders and numbers though, conj. ko da, sai dai. usually placed after the word thought, n. tunani, tunane,

to which it refers, e.g. t. lunani*, pi. tunanu, zdto,

woman machen nan ; suffixed tamaha, ruwa*. also to the connective is ga, thousand, num. dubu, zambar,

R. H. D. 17 ; thread 258 thrust

t. cubits tyiH* (S.) throne, n. kujeran sariki, ku- alif', a ;

two t. aljin^ alfyan. jera, kursiyi, aVarshi ; heir thread, n. zdre, mandawari to the t. majiran gado.

spec, very fine t. arafiya; throng, n. taro, pi. tarori, see

coarse t. huruda. crowd. thread, to t. beads zura throttle, tr. v. murda, makure. duwatsu. throttler, n. murdxigo, mir- threadbare, jula-jula. dago. thread-worm, kwaraba. throw, n. chdka. threat, empty, n. narko (S.), throw, tr. V. yas, yasda, jej'a, kyachewa, alwashi, kuri (S.), 3^A jefe, jefo, e.g. he throws ruha (K.). stones ya jefa duwatsu; to threaten, v. yln kurari, kyci- t., e.g. a spear chdka, ndsa,

che (S.). ndshe ; to t. away yas, yasda, threatening, n. kurari. ydda, zubas*, zubas da*, three, card. num. uku, taldta wulga, wurga, kayas, kayas

the latter in counting cowries da, watsar da, e.g. he threw often stands for t. thousand; away his gun and fled ya

t. days ago wanshekaranjiya. yasda bindiga ya gudu ; to thresh, tr. v. ddka, dandaka, t. back mayas*; t. out (also= daddaka, sussuka, chasa. to cast out, overthrow) ye/k

ka, wurin sussuka, mabuga, spec, to t. (food) into kuriya ; mabugiya, pi. mabuyai, Juko, the mouth hamfude, ham-

fudi ; to t. up and catch chafi. threshold, i.e. a raised ridge thrower, a champion t. sarikin in front of a door, n. garama,

dan-garama. throwing, n. jlfa, ndshi, pi. thrice, numeral adv. sau (or nashe-nashe ; t. away wulgi, so) uku, guda uku. wurgi. thrive, v. (to Y)vosTper)yi7iarziki. thrush, a yellow-breasted chat throat, n. makwaruwa (S.), ma- t. gabachara, gwanno.

t. kwarwa (K.), makogwaro,ma- thrust, tr. v., see push ; to or koshi ; swelling on t. m-akoko, through (pierce) soka, soke

hangum ; a sore t. mashako. soki, e.g. he t. their chiei ;

thumb 259 time

through with a spear ya soka tidings, n., see news, hahhansu da mashi. tie, tr. V. damre, daure, damra, thumb, n. babban yatsa. darmi (S.), ta7ika, tanke, ra- thunder, n. tsawa; distant taya, balla, sarkafe; to t. up rolling t. chidda ; a burst of together layache (K.), goya, t. or thunder-bolt aradu. goye; spec, to t. up kumsa, thunder, to yui aradu. kumshe, to t. the hands to- Thursday, n. alhamis or ranar gether bankare; to t. grass alhamis. in thatching tsara, tsdre; to thus, adv. (in this or that way t. two pieces of string together or manner) hdka, hdkanan, kulla; to be tied together kaza; the last is also used kullu] to t. in a knot kum- (see under so, such) where buche; to t. up a bag tsuke; the speaker mentions the tied up kumshashe, fem. kum- way or manner, but the shashiya, pi. kumshashu. actual author of the account tied, participial adj. sassabta, avoids it, e.g. he said the king ballu. spoke , (t., or) t. and t. ya che tiger-fish, (Hydrocyon linea- sariki yafadi kdza da kdza tus) tsaffye ; a species of t.-f. (in a weak sense =. so then)fa. kawara (Alestes dentex). thy, possess, pron. suffixed -ka, tiger-nut, aya.

1 -nka, fem. -ki, -nki, e.g. t. tight, adj . (used of a string) kyar, wife matakka, t. husband (taut) tarn, tamau-tamau. mijinki ; separate, if the ob- tightness, runtsi. ject possessed is masc. 7iaka, till, prep, and conj., see until, naki, if fem. taka, taki. till, tr. V. noma, nonti or nome, thyself, 1. re^QxiYe kanka, fem. mainiai. kanki. tiller, n. (i.e. of the ground) 2. emphatic kai da kanka, mai-noma or mai-nomi, pi. fem. ke (or ki) da kanki- see masu-noma. self, tilt, to t. anything up against 'ick, (insect) kaska. something jitta, ki/a, ki/e. ickle, to tsikara (K.), tsakara Timbuctoo, pr. n. Tumbuta. (a). time, n. lokachi, wakati, wakti*, ickling, tsikari (K.), tsakari tvakachi, sa% yayi, za7nani, • (s.). zamanu* ; a short t. zamani 17—2 ;

to times 260

sunddari* ; t. ore kddan, jimawa; at that t. dari* or lokachin nan, sa'an nan] kuza. tinder, n. alfawami. at the t. when he returned v. rini, rina. here lokachin da (or sa'an da) tinge, tr. rinanne, ya dawayo; at what tJ wache tinged, pass, particip. yayi fem. rinanna, pi. rinannu. sa'al some t. wani ; n. dindi7idin. (period, age) yayi, zamani, tinkle, tip, n. (of the finger) dan yatsa, e.g. in the t. of the prophet kmme. ga yayin annabi or zama- (of the ear) dan (to be fatigued, nin annabi; his t. is passed tire, V. intr. weary) gdje, gdji, jin gdjiya, (i.e. he is old) yayinsa ya ddgagaji, e.g. he was tired wuche; (set t. or proper with travelling ya gdji da occasion) loto, ivakati, wakti* (or tafiya; we are tired with every t. wakati duka ; by at over-work muna jin gdjiya about) this t. warhdka ; tired what t. da yawan aiki; to be any t. ko yaushe ; at (when) yanda; at what t.? of waiting kosa. in tithe, n. 1. (tenth part) ushuri. yaushel heiore-time wuri ', (one-tenth former times or some t. ago 2. t. or tithes purposes, da wuri or dauri; from a devoted to religious what alms) zdka. long t. dadadde; from since what title, n. (name, appellation) 1. 1 daga yaushel t.1 pi. sunuwa or sunanaki t.1 tun yaushe'^ until what suna, with pronoum har yaushel one at a t. guda to, 1. prep, ga, both persons of t. tsawa or gare, used of guda ; length things, e.g. he came t( tsawo; I have not t. to ha ni and zaka gare ni; near t. is it? karife me ya da dama ; what bank of the river kusc nawa% do not come before to the (no loka- ga hakin ruwa; tva your t. kdda ka Hgaya before personal pronouns chinka; see also times, hour, sau specially used after verbs t- times, pi. (of repetition) tell anyone kad* t. sau tell ; do not or so, guda, e.g. five ma, ka gaya tva kowa ; af biyar, or guda biyar ; how plied not to persons but t many 1. 1 guda nawa % things, mostly to pronouns timid, adj. matsorachi. also mim e.<^. to me ma ni, tin, n. chinkal,8inddari*,shind- ;; ;

toad 261 toil

to thee ma ka; ma some- skirt kwakwaia, kwakota

times expresses the datives embroidery on a t. sharaba^ of advantage and interest, tambari ; the pattern on e.g. grant to me an abate- front of a t. fuskar riga, kwor ment ka yi ina 7ii rangwame ; she, linzamin riga, mumbari ; a, found in a few phrases, double thickness of cloth e.g. he fell to the ground ya in a t. sabdda; for various ^'adi a kasa or a kas, some- kinds of tobes see under riga. times prefixed to yare, e.g. to-day, adv. yau, also pro- to thee a yare ka - yare ka nounced yo ; existing t. mai- after verbs of motion etc. yau. the English to may be wholly toddle (or to walk on all fours), unrepresented, e.g. he went intr. V. dtlbo dubo. to his house taji ya gidansa toe, n. yatsa, pi. yatsotsi or they swam and came to land yatsu, yatsa na kafa; big

sun iyo sun kai kasa. t. babban yatsa ; spec, a 2. conj. (in order that, so disease of the toes kudum- that, so as to) in placed im- biya, kumhudiya*. mediately before the verb together, adv. tare, gaba dai, and rarely used except with gaba daya, jeni ; t. with tare the 1st person, see under da, garni da, gamA da ; v. to order 3. put t. tara; to put up t., to toad, n. 2)asha, kwado. gather t. gangama; to be to-and-fro, going t. yauchi. gathered t. (to assemble) tobacco, n. tdha, t.-pipe tu- taru ; to come t. with vio-

kunyar taba; to smoke t. lence kara or karo ; to go t. shan tdba ; a stick of rolled tare, hdda tafiya, e.g. we will t. sandan tdba; seed of t. all go t. duka za mu tare; plant tam,na-yardi. keep together ! taji ku jeni ; tobe, n. riya, pi. riguna spec. -, collecting t. jama^a; a hun- a black or blue t. rigal saki; dred rose up t. za7igo ya a t. of black or shiny blue tashi tsaitsaye.

\ cloth kore ; a red t. jabba* ; toil, n. (fatigue) ta%a*. a white t. gave, pi. garuruka, toil, intr. v., see I labour, e.g I girke ; a f white t. with short, he toils after vanity shina lined body and wide single dawaniya da abin wofi. ; token 262 tornado

token, n. shaida, pi. shaidai tools, n. pi. kaya or the pi. and shaidodi. kayayeki. toll, n. humushi (lit. one-fifth), tooth, n. hauri, hakori, pi. see tax. hakora, zaga, pi. zagogi; a tomato, n., the bitter native molar t. matamni, pi. ma-

t. gauta, pi. gautaye, gautan tamna ; teeth back turame* ;

kura, kulufita* ; a plant with spec, a tree the bristles of

a fruit like large t. yalo, pi. which are used for rubbing

yaluna. the teeth dashi ; t. -gaping, n., tomb, n. kushewa or kusheya*, used of one who has lost two

pi. kusheyi, kushewoyi, wurin teeth gibi, e.g. shina gibi ; a

kushewa, wurin bisne, kahar% t. that has been filed flke

t. ; kabri. eye gaboba a wide space !

to-morrow, n. gobe, kashegari between two front teeth wu- !

(K.), wanshekare (S.), cf. shirlya. prov. yau da gobe kayan toothless, adj. mai-dasashi.

llah ; after t. jlbi, top, n. kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana A the day \

the day after jlbi is called and kawuna, km'oruwa, tso- \ gata, after gata, i.e. the loloj tsororo, pi. tsololutva, that ;

third day after t. chitta. tuluwa (K.), bisa; on the

tongs, n. atvartaki, hantsaki. t. of a kan, bisa or a bisa ; tongue, n. 1. (the bodily mem- a spinning t. makodi*.

ber) halshe, harshe, pi. hal- pi. toper, a mashayi, mashaya. \

shina, halussa. topple over, to, intr. v. yin i

2. (a particular language) kunduma.

see language 2. torch, n. bakiti wuta ; a display

too, adv. 1. (likewise) kuwa, of torches wowo (K.), wauwo I

kuma, ma. (S.).

2. (more than enough) torment, n. tsanani ; spec,

express by the verbs faye place of t. for unbelievers

and buwaye, e.g. it was t. guTYiki''^^ gamki^^ gwauki* ;

severe for me ya faye ni to suffer t. jin tsananta.

kariji ; he was t. big yafaye torment, tr. v. tsananta, tsane,

girma; he was t. much for tsani, tsananche, hdsada, arjo

me ya buwaye ni ; t. much (K.), alja {^.). ya faye yawa. tornado, n. hadari. ;

torrent 263 transform torrent, n. korama; noise of sUyoyi, unguwa ; a frontier a rushing t. handam-handam. t. kain iyaka. tortoise, n., a land t. with toy, n. (plaything) abiji wargi. convex shell kunkuru -, a track, n. (beaten path) tafarki, water t. with flat shell or pi. tafarkoki; a broad beaten mud turtle kififiya, yuma t. rimdi, godabe; (a (S.); a small spoor) t. kafarji^^ lawali ; let him not farkaji; go back the shell of a t. on his tracks kdda ya kwachiya, kwariya. bi saivunsa na da. toss, tr. V. (of cattle, etc. when trade, n. chiniki, jaura, ko- butting or goring) tunkuda, rami, sana'a,/atauchi. tunkwiya. trade, intr. v. yin chiniki ; to total, n. dokachi (sum or t. successfully chin kasmva. amount reached by reckon- trader, n. falke, fem. ing), falkiya, see calculation 2. pi. fatake, mai-fatauchi, mai- totter, to, adj. (applied to the chiniki, mai-dillanchi*, sam- walk of the old or Wind) bani, fajiri, dan kasuwa, kutup kutup (of walls, ; etc.) mashimjidi. karkache. trading, n.'fatauchi, dillanchi touch, tr. V. tdha, ; tdbi ; to corn t. kwarami, traders in engage slightly in, id., e.g. corn yan kivarami. he just touched the work ya tradition, n. (doctrine orally tdha yin aiki. handed down) sim^t^, tariyo*. towards, prep, ga, before pro- traduce, tr. v., see nouns calum- gave, e.g. some men niate, are coming t. us wadansu trample, tr. v. taka, mutane suna bijigi, zakuwa gave mu. intensive form tattaka or towel, n. bante, banche, pi. tattake, e.g. let us not bantuna, t. it kalkdfi. under foot kada mu tatta- tower, bene; a watch t. make shi. bdga (S.). transform, tr. v. riklda, sauya town, n., a large, walled t. and sawaya, e.g. by the hirni, pi. birane or birnuwa power of a charm he a small, unwalled trans- t. gari, pi. formed himself into an ele- garuruwa and garigaru; a phant da ikon quarter magani ya of a t. sUya, \\. sauya kansa giiva. ; ;

transformed 264 tree

transformed, pass, particip. travel, intr. v. tafi; also tajiya rikidadde, fern, rikidaddiya, with yi and the forms in na,

pi. rikidaddu ; to be t. sauya e.g. as we were travelling and sawaya, nnayas da, rikida, much rain fell da muna tajiya

e.g. he was t. into a sheep an yi ruiva dayawa ; spec,

ya sauya tumkiya ; she was money paid to a king for

t. into something or other ta permission to t. garama ; to

mayas da wani abu, see also t. hard yi7i haramat tajiya.

change 3. traveller, fellow, n. abokin transgress, intr. v. (to do tajiya, maraki.

wrong) yin laifi, (to commit travelling, n. tafe, pi. tajijiya. sin) yi7i zunuji. travelling-ant, n. (or driver- translate, v. mayas da, see ant) kivarkwasa, kwalkivasa ;

interpret 1. a red t.-a. makwaitva. translated, pass, particip. sau- treachery, tsegumi, pi. tsegun-

yayye, fern, sauyayya, pi. guma, yaudara, kissa.

sauyayyu. tread, v., to t. down taka, tak% transport, n., oxen used for t. take, intens. tattaka, tattake,

takarkari, pi. takarkarai. bijigi, ddbe ; to t. upon (to trap, n. hako, pi. hakoki, fig. crush) latse. (a thing leading into harm treasure, n. wada, wadaa,

or error) id. ; a t. consisting taska ; treasures ajiya, azawa;

of a hole in the ground royal t. stored up kambi*

burma or buma*, mashako spec, chamber for storing t.

a t, for wild animals tarko, rafoniya, pi. rafoni ; to lay

pi. tarkuna, burma', to lay up t. taskache; t.-trove galala. '

or set a t. hako with yi treasury, n. taska, pi. taskoki.

or the forms in na ; a fish tree, n. itache, iche (the former

t. sankuja (K.) ; a t. con- is sometimes used as a plural sisting of a hole and noose of iche esp. in Sokoto), p].

taskira. itatuwa ] in this sense the travail, n. 1. (severe labour) word is masc, a stick cut see toil. from at., i.e. itache is usually

2. (pains of childbirth) regarded as fem.; a dried-up,

wahalan haifuwa, nakudar withered t. koren itache ; a

haifuwa ; to be in t. nakuda. t. used to hang meat on ; ;

tree 265 tree

jigo, p], jiguna; a pair of bushy t. (Zizyphus spina- trees so planted as to grow Christi) with red edible into one gdminbauta ; a bent berries kurna ; a t. with long t. kwandariya^ kondariya. thorns, white flowers and The following are some of edible leaves chizaki; a t. the more common names of (Zizyphus jujuba) the fruit trees found in Nigeria: of which is made into cakes various species of ficus, e.g. magariya-, a small t. with chediya, gamji, durumi, ka- reddish wood and edible wuri, shirinya, uwar yara, leaves (a chew-stick) marke wa, rubiya; various species a small t. from which black- of acacia, e.g. gawo, dakwara, smith's charcoal is made ^^Vy«, farak kaya, tdwasa, dorowa, kariya ; a t. from the bark of gabaruwa, bagaruwa, dundu, which small ropes are made kiriya the ; baobab t. kuka tawatsa; the silk-cotton t. various species of euphorbia, (Eriodendron orientale) rimi, e.g. kumkumiya, fida-sartse, pi. rimaye; sl red-flowered jida sarde (S.), kirana, kya- silk-cotton t. gurjiya ; a t. nara (S.), tinya ; the copaiba the leaves of which furnish a t. kctdaura, maje -, a t. with yellow stain and, mixed with yellow hard-shelled edible indigo, a green dye magina ; fruit (Strychnos spinosa) ko- a small t. (Bauhinia reti- kiya; the bloodwood or culata) the leaves of which African rosewood t. mado- are often used for wrapping hiya; a t. (Vitex cienkowskii) food and the bark of which from the fruit of which mo- is used as a stain to darken lasses are made dinya , a t. lips kalgo or kargo ; a t., (Detarium Senegalense) from with reddish bark (Hymeno- which molasses and gum are cardia acida), used for shed obtained taura; the 'ebony supports etc. janyaro ; a t. tree' kainya or kanya ; a tall, (African bdellium) the bris- straight t. dilo', a large t. tles of which are used as a with flat, winged fruit (Termi- tooth-brush dashi ; a large t. nalia macroptera) baushe ; a the aromatic bark of which t. with yellow plum-like fruit is ground up as a medicine (Spondias) danya; a large, fasa-kwariya or pasa-kwari • trek 266 trouble

a t. with fragrant flowers and tributary, adj., a t. stream

leaves and a black or purple hannun rafi. berry (Eugenia owariensis) tribute, n. humushi, gandu,

malmo, raarmo ; the horse- tuda, biko, jiziya (S.), kurdin

radish tree (Moringa pterygo- kasa; t. money kurdin gan^

sperma) zogalagandi: a small, du ; spec. t. paid by the

t. with yellow blossoms, an heathen tara, tdfo ; see taX

its (Cassia n. (dexterous artifice) infusion of leaves trick, |

goratensis) used by women wayo ] tricks wasa-wasa. near childbirth runhu. trickery, n. (fraudulent decep- trek, to yin tafe. tion) harkwanchi. tremble, intr. v. (with terror,* trickle, to tardra^ tardro, zu- cold, etc.) Jirgita, raura, zaz- rare, see leak.

zaga. trim, tr. V. (to put in order) j trembling, participial n. (from gyarta. i

terror, cold, etc.) raurawa, trinkets, coll. kayan ado ; see kaduwa, adj. form makarkata, ornament. |

makyarkyata ; t. all over trip, intr, v. tuntsure^ yin tun- j

zazzagawa; t. (from excite- tube^ the last is used as a tr. j

ment, agitation) kardya. and intr. v. ; to t. a person j tojde- trench, a hafaru*. up 1 trespass, intr. v., e.g. on a Tripoli, pr. n. Tarahulus or forbidden area kutsa, see bir7ii7i Tarabulus. transgress. triumph, n., see victory. trial, n. (a putting to the proof, trodden down, takakke, fern. testing) jarobi, jaraha) to takakka, pi. takakku.

make t. of, v. yin jaraba. trombone, kakaki'^. tribal marks, n pi. (cut on troop, n., see company. face) shaushawa, kyaskyastu trot, intr. v. (of a horse) kilisa. (K.), kyakkyastu (S.), (cut trotting, rishi^ sakaraftu, sas- from corners of the mouth) saka. yamhaka^ see also hawayen trouble, n. (distress) wahala, zaki. hawdla, tsananta, kinke, alale, tribe, n. ir% pi. irare^ kauwi*, sanadi, sawarwari, tono ; to

kahila. be in t. yin wahala ; to feel tribunal, n. ivurin shari^a. t. jin wahala, tangara*. ;

trouble 267 trustworthy

trouble, n., one who is in t. haklka, aiwa, ainin, wallahi, maitvahala. labudda. trouble, v. tr. wahalda, wa- trumpet, n. kafo, pi. kafoni or halsa, wahalshe, tsananche, kafuna, kakaki. tsananta, hasada, alale, ar- trumpeter, n. mai-kafo, mai- kcina, gayara, kinke, sawar- busa, mai-shantu (lit. blower) wara, shamache, shamata, a mounted t. masarchi.

fitina, haiyata ; do not t. (i.e. trunk, n. 1. (a small box, feel distressed) kada ha wa- usually of leather) sanduki, halda kanka; (as a polite sanduki (S.), pi. sandukai. exp.= spare yourself the t) 2. (proboscis of elephant) k'lyaye kanka. hdnnun giwa. troublesome, adj. da wuya. 3. (the t. of a tree) kore trough, n. komi, jirigi, jirgi, or koren itache, kututtura. pi. jirage. trust, n. (confidence, certainty trousers, n. (i.e. the loose, of safety) amdna, shaduda or baggy native t.) wando, pi. saduda, dangana, (a deposit tvandima, buje (K.), duithu of money etc.) sabtu, saptu, two pieces of cloth sewn on sautu, sotu; he betrayed t. at the bottom of native t. ya chinye amdna, I left kamun kdfa; trouser-string money with them on t. na mazargi; t. embroidered up to yi ma. su sabtu. the top wando mai-kamu a trust, ; intr. v., or t. in (i.e. rely fold in the waist of t. through on) dogara, dangana, sha- which the cord (zariya) runs duda or saduda, ingata^^ kubaka. sakankanche, I t. in God ina true, adj. gen. da gaskiya, da dangana da (or ga) Allah; gaske, gaskiya and gaske, (of follow Mohammed, t. in him persons, veracious, sound, ku bi Muhammadu kn sakan- honest) mai-gaskiya ; (faith- kanche. ful) salihi*; t. as an adverbial trustee, n. madaukan bashi. phr. (i.e. quite right) ainin trustworthy, adj. (to be relied as well as the words given in on, depended on) yardaji, seq. ingatachi*, tabbatache, fem. truly, adv. da gaskiya, da gaske, tabbatachiya, e.g. this account gaskiya, gaske, ashe, ainin, is t. wannan labari ingatachi ; ; ; trustworthiness 268 turn

t. language magana tahhata- barmushi; twisting of a chiya. double black and white trustworthiness, inga7ichi. t. round the head bania,

truth, n. gaskiya ; to speak the /uni; a black and white t.

t. ha gaskiya ; to establish mahawara; the winding of

the t. gojskata or gaskanta. a t. nanndde. try, tr. v. (make trial of), see n. talotalo. ! turkey, trial; (endeavour) yin ko- turmeric, gangamau, ganga-

kari, taha kokari; t. diligently mu.

to follow his tradition ku turn in, a, at the edge of a

hada kokarinku ga sunna tai. garment, n. shafi. tsetse-fly, tsando, aworo. turn, V. 1. tr. (to move round)

Tuarek, n. gent. Azbin, Asbin, maida ; to t. away from juya

Ba-Azhine, pi. Azbifiawa, ma; to t. the head away from

Ashinawa. kau da kai ; to t. back, or t.

Tuesday, n. ranar taJata. over juya; to t. upside down tuft of hair, n., a t. on the jiche, jichi, jirkiche, kifa

head tukku, tukkmva ; t. o, (K.) ; to t. over (e.g. a mat,

h. in the middle of the head piece of cloth etc. for the

zanko ; see hair ; t. of grain purpose of folding) lijike or

geza, pi, gezuna^ tuntu. nimka ; to t. round, or t. over tug, tr. V. (to haul along) ja; bankada, hankade^ kifa^ kife

see draw. intr. to t. aside (off the road, tumour, kurji, gyaynbo, jam- or out of the way) ratsa, badej see abscess. rache, raise, baudi, karkache, tumult, n. (noisy clamour of a e.g. we t. aside from Kano

multitude) hargoiva ; t. (e.g. 7mcn ratsa Kano ; to t. back

of war) Jhrmaki, rigima, fal- tankwashe ; to t. over kewaye

maki. or kewayi ; to t. round (to turban, n. rawani, pi. rawunna revolve) id., e.g. my head

spec, a white muslin t. with turned round (of giddiness

red ejJges zabuta; t. of etc. ) kaina ya kezvaye ; to t. whitQ muslin harsa, ha^sa; round (of a single change of

white stuff for making t. position) waiwaya, waiga,

mabaras ; a variegated cloth e.g. when he called me I used for making turbans, turned round and saw him turning 269 ulcer

da ya kira rii na waiwaya na moment of time) kyaptawan gan shi; to t. out (to become ido or keptawa da gani. eventually) fUa, e.g. he twins, n. pi. tugwaye, tatvaye, turned out well ya fita na- spec, next child born after gari. twins gamho, gumhd^. 2. (to change or change twist, tr. V. gusda, kitso (e.g. into) tr.andintr., see change. the hair); to t. the neck turning, participial n. juyawa, nadiye (K.), murda, murde jujuyawo, waiwayaiva, waige (K.), mirde (S.), murgude, (K.), p]. waige-ivaige. kwakwume; to t. thread, etc. turtle, n. ijuma (S.) ; mud t. murje^ hurka, ndde, yin nadi, kijifiya. lauya; (in plaiting rope, turtle-dove, etc.) n. kurchiya, pi. fMhka, tujka, tupka, tumka, kurchecheki and k^irchiyoyi, tukka, darza; intens. form u-(da, pi. walu. mummurda ; twisting cotton tusk, n. zaga ; an elephant's t. round a pin before spinning haurin giwa, hauri; cf. ivory, kulla. tweezers, matsefata. twisted, adj. a inurgude. twelfth, ord. num. na-goma sha twisting, n. nddi; t. of strands hiyu, fem. ta-goma sha hiyu. into threads tilka, tukka. twelve, card. num. goma sha two, card. num. hiyu ; by twos hiyu, also sha hiyu ; t. times hiyu hiijw, t. hundred dari sau goma sha hiyu. hiyu or metin- t. thousand twentieth, ord. num. na-ishirin aljin. 01- na-ashirin, fem. ta-ishiri7i. tying, kumshi, see tie. twenty, card. num. ishirin, tyranny, alfarma, yaji. as]Liri7i; in counting by twen- ties hauya and Idso {= a score) udder, n. nono, pi. nonuwa, are especially employed, e.g. hantsa. hauya uku = sittin. Ugliness, kwarjini, muni, twice, mu- numeral adv. sau hiyu. gunta. twig, n. tsumanjiya, tsumajiya, llgly, adj. da kwarjini, mam- tsumagiya, reshe, rishe, kirare. muna, mummuiia, da twilight, muni. n. (that before dawn) Ulcer, n. gyamho, pi. jijiji gyam- a.ho ji/jif, oMjir. huna, mele; corneal ulcer twinkling of an eye, n. (a hakiya; see scab. ; umbrella 270 undress umbrella, n. le^na*, laima*, uncleanness, n. (in a physical

tuta* or tuti*, pi. tutochi. sense) dauda ; (in a wider unabashed, da kwarkwasa. sense) kazamta, kazanta, unable, to be gdza^ kasa ; I am tozari, jdraba, ja'ira, janaba.

u. to go na gdza tafiya ; they uncooked, adj. danye ; u. flesh were u. to overcome sun gaza nania danye. isa; buwaya, e.g. I am u. to uncover, tr. v. yaye. do it na buwaya. under, adv. and prep, kalka- unalloyed, adj. safi; see un- shin (S.), karkashin (K.), ka.'<. mixed. underneath, adv., cf. preced- unbaked, an u. pot danyen ing. kasko. understand, v. ji, fahimta or unbecoming, adj. haram, ha fakumta*, hankalta, yin

daidai ; e.g. he did what was tsimi,_ e.g. I u. your words, u. ya yi abin da ba daidai ba. I u. quite well na ji ma unbeliever, n. kafiri, pi. kd- ganakka sarai ; he under- firai, kdfirawa; to become stood (i.e. you need say no an u. kafirta. more) ya yi kdrin Tuagana

v. u. unbind, tr. kunche, kunchi, to well intens. sansanche ; kwanche. to fail to u. gigiche or gigi, unbound, pass. part, kwanche, rudi*, gagata, the last taking

fern, kivanchiya, pi. kuntu. da before object, e.g. I failed uncertain, adj. da zuchiya to u. it na gagata da shi.

biyu ; I am u. ina da zuchiya understanding, n. 1. (compre-

biyu ; to be u. yin tantama. hending, comprehension) /a-

uncertainty, n. (a state of himchi, jiyayya, tsimi, kari ; doubt) kokanto, tambaba, tan- (knowledge, cleverness) azan-

tama, tachetache. chi ; lack of u. gigi, see also unchaste, adj., see profligate. ability. unchastity, n. zallantaka. 2. (a good u.) jiyayya.

uncle, maternal, n. rdfani, undo, tr. v., see untie; (to (father's kaww, brother) bd- annul, render vain) wqfinta ; bani. (to ruin) bata. unclean, adj. (dirty, foul) da undress, v. debe or debo, tube, dauda, kazdmi; ceremonially jitas da all with riguna, u. haram. da haram. etc. ; .

undressed 271 until undressed, pass, particip., see unloose, katsi, see untie. naked, unlucky, something u. shu'wmi. uneven, adj. (of a surface) da unmixed, adj. (pure from ad- kurzuna, see rough, mixture) tsalka,tsatsalka,saji, unfasten, to halle. kuna ; u. water kuna rutva. ungird, tr. v. sunche, e.g. he unprofitable, adj. babu anfani, ungirded his camel ya sunche da babu an/ani, banza, babu rakuminsa. riba. ungrateful, adj. huUdu, mcd- unravelled, to become u. war- hutulchi. wari. unintelligible talk, hauhawa, unripe, adj. da7iye or danyi, hobawa. pi. danyoyi, danyu ; u. fruit unique, adj. kadaichi. jimbiri (S.). unit, guda. unsaleable, ya ki sayuwa. unite, tr. v. gama; intr., to u. untidiness, barkatai ; cf closely garwaya. everything in his house is unity, n. dayanchi^ spec, -, to untidy duka gidansa bar- profess the u. of God tau- katai ya ke. hida* or tauhidi*. untie, tr. V. kunta, kunche, unkind, magaya, magauchi, kwanche (K.), sunche or sin- pi. magata. che, balle, katsi, bainye, banye. unlawful, adj. da haram or untied, pass, particip. kunche, haram; n., anything u. or kwanche, fern, kunchiya, pi. what is u. haram or haramu, kuntu. abin haram, shirku ; u. gain until, till, prep, and conj. ha,r, or profit haramiya. hal, kamin, prep., e.g. he fol- unless, conj. sai, sai ko, e.g. he lowed the true path u. now is not without reason, u. he ya bi hanyar gaskiya har refuses to listen to that yanzu; conj., e.g. let them which thou showest to him quarrel u. they are tired a ba shi rasa huja ha sai ya ki bar su su facia har su gaji jin abin da ka ; nuna mai. sai, prep, with nouns of time, unload, tr. v. gen. shida or e.g. u. to-morrow sai gobe shide; to u. camels, etc u. evening sai mareche ; these 1, sabki, sapka, safka, expressions are elliptical, I, sauki. some such v. as wait, etc. ; untimely 272 usage

being understood before them, soared u sha/o ya tashi bisa p ; as is the case also when sai he climbed u. the tree ya hau is used as a conj., e.g. give itache daf daf. up delaying u. you are uphold, tr. V. (to support, e.g. old bari jira sai ka tsufa as a tent-pole) tokdra. kana, kan*, kanda, kamin, upon, prep, bisa or a bisa, conj, = then and not u. then, which may also be followed so that the corresponding e.g. u, it bisa garesa by ga ; ; English sentence contains a he got u. the horse ya hau

negative, e.g. don't eat our bisa7i (or bisa ga) doki. bread u. you have eaten your upright, e.g. I stood u. na own ka chi gurasanka kana tsaya daidai. ka chi tamu. uproot, to tumbuke. untimely, an u. birth kwatan- upset, V. 1. tr. jirkiche, jiche, tanwa^. jichi, kifa (K.), birkichi or unto, prep, (a strengthened birkiche ; to u. (so as to spill form of to) ga\ with pro- water, etc.) zubda, zubda ma, nouns gare^ zuwa, ya zuwa; dole, kikkifa. in correlative expressions 2. intr., to u. or to be u. (of combined with har, e.g. from (of men, etc.) tuntsure ; a this border unto that daga boat) durimi, dirimi, dulmiye.

iyakan na7i har ga iyaka upside down, to turn, tr. v. chan. jirkiche, jiche, jichi, shiche, untrue, adj. kakari^ ; the n. shida.

kariya {- Engl. ' a story ') is urinate, intr. v. yin bawali, yiv constantly used in this sense, bowali, yin boli, yin fitsari.

e.g. whether true or u. I do urine, n. fitsari, bawali, bowali, not know gaskiya ko kariya boli. ban sani ba. us, pers. pron. obj. mu suffixed untrustworthy, an u. person to verbs and prepositions, e.g. called u. kira mu danyen kasko (lit. an unbaked he ya ; pot). to u. ma mu, or with assimi- unwell, adj. ra^hin lafiya, lation m,umu.

maras-laRya ; see ill. usage, n. (custom) ada, taada, up, adv. (upwards, aloft) bisa, tada (S.), pi. tadodi, see cus- a bisa, dqf; e.g. the falcon tom. ;

use 273 vaunt

use, ID. (utility, advantage, pro- uvula, beli, belli, hakiu wuya, fit, gain) anjxmi; e.g. what kwadon halshe. is the u. of ink? tadaiva minene an/mmita'i of u. da vaccination, I dashin yar-rani anfani • of no u. babu anfdni; vagabond, adj. gujeje, a man of no dan u. muhmien karma. woji-; I am making u. of him vagabondage, ynagi. ina moronsa. vagina, tsele.farjL use,tr. V. (toemploy),nogeneral vain, adj. (empty, term, worthless) e.g. they u. flesh for banza, kakari, amere food abinchinsu ; in v. nama ; they harna{-K.),ba7ma{^.)- (con- u. skins only for clothing ceited) see conceit, rigunansu duka sai da fata ; valiant, mai-yaji. they u. force suyia yin tilas; valley, kwari, hvare lie (S.), n can u. the axe , shina iya see ravine, yin aiki da gatari; (to make value, n. (estimated worth "• of, in i.e. profit by) aîfdni, money) daraja, antaya, see anfdne • (to be wont) verbal price, forms with ka7i, e.g. he used vanity, n. to come (emptiness, worth home at night shi lessness) kakari, abin kan tafo gida da woji dare ; to be (conceit, foolishness) wauta, used to (to be accustomed to) fadin kai, see conceit, saba da e.g. ; camels are used vapour, n. (mist, fog) to men rakumma hazo ; v. sun saba da rising mutane in hot sun kawalwal- ; which do you u. ? niya. wanne ka ke moro % variance, n. (dissension, dis- useful, adj. da anfans ^nai- agreement), see discord. anfani', it is u.shinada akiba variation, n., see difference. useless, adj. babu anfani, various, adj. dabam hanza dabara,^ ; u. toil wata reran. daban daban, e.g. v. things uselessly, to work, intr. v. are sold in the market sunktviya or suftkuya. abubuwa dabam dabam a aselessness, n. wojt. sayas da su chikin ^sury,^;^^ô*. kasuwa. vase for scent, n. iterus, wakiya. mahaifa. vaunt, to rangwada (S.), raî- itility, 11. J see use. gaji (K.). R. H. n. 18 . veal 274 victory veal, n. naman maraki. e.g. he was v. fearful ya ji vegetable-marrow, kabushi, tsoro dayawa, etc. ; some- ruguguwa. times this idea is expressed veil, n., long V. lulluhi, lid- by repetition, e.g. v. fast, or v.

lube or lillibi, zane* ; a v. quickly 7naza maza; v. slowlj worn over the mouth and or V. quietly sannu sannu ;

hanging down in front amd- spec. V. red ja wur ; v. black

wali. baki kiriii, baki wur ; v.

veil, tr. V. luUuba ; refl. to white /ari fat ; v. much (of V. oneself, id. habitual actions) is often ex- vein, n. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or pressed by V. /aye, e.g. dogs

jijiyoyi, maji^idya (K. ) ; veins bark v. muchait night karimka coll. dagura. sun /aye ha/shi da dare. velvet cloth, kind of, n. kada- vessel, n. 1. (utensil for hold-

miskin, kararniskiri, muhijl, ing anything) tukunya, pi.

yapki, yauki. tukane or tukwane ; a v. made velvet-mite, karamiskin, kara- of clay kasko, pi. kasake ; a

muskin, karmuskin. . V. made of skin tandu; spec. vendor, of small goods dan koli. a glass V. ta7igaram. venereal disease, basiru, miri- 2. see boat.

yau, piyauka. vex, tr. V. wahalshe, refl. to ^ vengeance, to take, v. rama. oneself wahalda. Venus, (the planet) n. matan vexation, n.haushi; see anger.

wata, lit. the wife of the moon. vexed, to be, intr. v. jin haushi, verandah, shirai, shirayi. e.g. he is v. with me yana jin verify, to hakikanta. haushina; phr. my heart is verily, adv. hakika, an che, ai, v. zuchiyata ta tafasa. da gaskiya, see truly, vice, n. 1. (profligacy) zina. vermin, see tick, etc. 2. (a defect, blemish) aibi, verse, a v. of the Koran, n. aibu. (Ar.). aya, pi. ayoyi ; verses of a vicinity, habarra song tsarin maganganu. victory, n. nasara, na^archi. v. nasara vertigo, n., see giddiness. bijinta ; to gain a very, adv. dayawa, most fre- with yi or samu, e.g. li^ quently with the expression gained a v. ya yi (or ya samv thrown into a nominal form. nasara. ;

victuals 275 wages

victuals, n. ahinchi, tuivo, vision, n., see sight 1.

chwta, chimaka. visit, tr. V. jaurtyi ; spec, of a

view, 11., see sight 2. religious v. to a shrine or vigorous, karsani. holy person ziyara, ziyarche. vile, adj. kazami, ditniya*. visitor, n. (guest or stranger) village, n. kauye, pi. kauyuka, bako, fern, bakiiwa, pi. baku7ia, unyuiva, angthiva. baki or bakokuna.

villain, n. mai-masifa, mugun vital, a V. spot makdsa. mufum. vizier, ivaziri*.

villainy, n. (mischief, wicked- voice, loud, n. muriya, pi, ness) masifa, muyunta, she- muriyoyi. go n taka, shege *. void, to make, tr. v. wofinta. vine, wild v. ayana, dafura, vomit, V. yin amai, (to dribble) tsibiri kinkhii, chibrikinkini tumbudi, artiaye, gdtse.

edible-stemmed V. (Vitisquad- vomiting, gashi, (e.g. after

rangularis) dadori ; rubber drinking poison) bard. V. alubada, alibada, chiwo. voracious, see greedy, vinegar, n. ruwan tsami, yami. voracity, n. zowari, zwari, zari. violate, to taka. vowels, n. hajatu* ; points or violence, n. (i.e. tyrannical or V. placed above or below wrongful V.) tsanani; (physi- letters wasali. cal force) karifi, e.g. by v. vulture, n. angidu, agidu,

(by force) da kai'ifi, da tilas. augulu, fern, angula, agula, violin, a musical instrument pi. angullai; the crested eagle resembling a goge*. angidun kwakwa; the fishing viper, gajera, injihau, tsada- V. jayaki, meke, maiki, mairaki, kububiitva, sha-7iono, see kiya, niikiya. snake. virago, kazgama. wag the head, to, v. (in token virgin, n. budurutva, pi. budu- of assent) gydda kai, also

rutvai, ktirkiya, pi. kurkoki, kdda kai ; to w. or move the kurkiyoyi, bikira, sagara. head (in token of dissent) virginity, budurchi, buduru- kauda kai. tvanchi. wage war, to, v. yin yaki. visible, to become (of a star) wages, coll. lada, jinga, aldro, keio, bidlo*. ijdra ; one who pays w. mai- 18—2 wagtail 276 wand

jinga ; to pay \v. yin jinga, walk, intr. v. (to move slowly

ijarta; a w. -earner dan ijdra, on foot) yin yawo ; this is dan jinga. used of the act of walking wagtail, madikin kasa. itself and of promenading, or wail, n. kuka. taking a w. ; very frequently wail, V. kuka with yi or the in this sense the phr. shan j forms in na. iska (lit. to drink the wind) is \ waist, dunu. combined with yatvo or tafi^ wait, intr. V. gen. expressed by e.g. we walked for an airing

means oi jima, e.g. w. a little muka yi yawo shan iska ; to w.

jlma kddan, or jim kddan \ about zago; to w. backwards

w. a while sai anjirtia ; to zago, jaivagi* and forwards ;

; w. a short timejinjima where to w. on all fours rarrafe ; to

the meaning is obvious tsaya w. on tiptoe sanda ; to w. (stop) is often used; to w. proudly takama; to try to w.

iorjira, jirache, jiratajiraya (to toddle) of infants dubho \ (S.), tsumaya (K.), yi7i jin- dubbo. kiri, dakata, dakanta, e.g. walking, verbal n. yauiva; w. T waited for you 7ia dakanta w. fast or excitedly gagawa ; 7na ku, yin ddko', to w., i.e. to up and down in weaving | linger ddde. tvadari. wait, lying in, n.fako, aranfak% walking-stick, gwalma.

kwanto ; a place for lying in wall, n. katanga, gam, rmya

w. 7nafaka. (Z.), shirgiya, barza, e.g. if wait, to lie in, intr. v. yinfako. he comes out his wits are at

waiting, dakachi, ddko, jinkiri, the house wall (i.e. at home) tsayi. idan ya jito hankalinsa da

wake, to, intr. v. (to cease to barza ; the w. of a house

sleep) falka ; tr., to w. one built of mud bango, pi. barir ,

up tada, tayas, falkad da. gaye or banguna ; the inner Jj

wale, made by a whip etc., n. w. of a house kwasandi ;

kidu, pi. kulayi. a w. round a town gantva ;

walk, n. (pathway) hanya, pi. the grass covering of aw. to

hanyoyi ; also fig. of the keep off rain boto. religious w., e.g. to follow the wand, carried by officials, n. true w. bi hanyan gaskiya. rukuke. ;; ;

wander 277 wash

wander, to, intr. v. ; fig. to w. cry is considered an omen of

from (to stray from) a path war zakaran dawaki ; v., to

sail hanya or tafarki ; to w. make or w. wage yin yaki ; aimlessly shishu/a. instruments of w. kayan ddya. wanderer, landi*. warbler, grass w. purpur, sari- wandering, n. yauim-, w. of ki7i kridi.

animals matataki. ward off, to, tr. v. tsdra, tsdri, wane, intr. v. rayu, e.g. the fmre, tsdro, tsdrlma, kdre. is day wanes (or on the w.) warm, to, tr. v. zd/a/a ; to w. rcujii. noiii ta the hands yasa hannu ; refl. want, n. 1. (need, lack) rashi to w. oneself at a fire, and Av. of health rashin lafiya. intr. to become w. jin wuta 2. (penury) talauchi, see to w. up food dumama.

poverty ; v., to be in w. of warm, adj. mai-dunii, see hot. rasa, e.g. he is not in w. of warmth, dumi.

an excuse ba shi 7'asa huja ba. warn, tr. v. harbarta, kadarta, want, to, 1. (to be without) tr. garydda, also galkadi with yi V. i'dsa, kasa. or the forms in na. 2. (to desire) so, e.g. I w. warning, n. galkadi, gargadi, you to give me money ina so kashedi, habartatva *. ka ba tii kurdi. warrior, n. mayaki, gungama, wanting, particip. (lacking, jajirma*, zarumi, zarmi, pi. devoid of) prelix maras-, e.g. zarumawa or zarumai, ja-

w. sense maras-hankali ; w. *, rimi sadauki, sha-bauje ; strength 7naras-karifi ; w. (in fig. (lit. a large snake) gam-

the sense of short) hilafa^. sheka, gamshika; (lit. a black wanton, n., see profligate. snake) mrcsasau* ; a boastful wantonness, n., see vice 1. chief w. w. gugara* ; a rago* ; war, n. yaki, pi. yakuna or a strong w. gizgari* ; w. with-

yakoki, gdba*, zaman ; spec, a out load, i.e. carrying only

; holy w. jihddi, jahddi a civil arms sunku7'u* ; see soldier.

w. basasa ; a proclamation of wart-hog, alhanzir, hanzir,

w. fdyara ; a charm for pro- durungu.

tection in w. maganin yaki wash, tr. v. wa7ike or waTika a day fixed for w. ranar in pregn. sense w. and bring

yamu ; a large bird whose back waiiko'j to w. over wii,h washed 278 waterspout i

water ycifa, yafo; w. well ruwaiwai; cold w. ruivcm \ kivala, kwara, wanke kalai. sanyi; hot w. ruwan zafiy \

washed, pass. part, n-ankakke, ruwan dumi ; drinking w, I

fern, wankakka, pi. wankakku. ruwan sha ; rain w. ruwan j sip washing, n., w. (ablution) al- Allah or ruwan sama ; a j

walla. of w. guwa ; a beam for j drawing w. jigo, pi. jiguna^ washing, w. away zarni. \ w./unjurriy wasp, n. zirnako, jinako, zhiako, kutdra^ ; splash of v., to damafifito, rina; the mason bundum-bunduni ; w. zanzaro, zazaro (S.). draw w. jan ruiva, kwalfa^

waste, n. 1. (destruction, debe and debo ruwa, dauka kutia ruwa; harm, loss) barua, banna. ruwa; pure w. i to w. yin fitsari, boli 2. (wilderness) daji. make ; \

waste, tr. v. (to spoil, destroy) muddy w. gurbatachen ruwa ; : bdta, bdtas, banna; to w. w. which wells slowly up ru-

; money (i.e. dissipate, squan- wan jira still w. kuruma ; w. der) bdtas (and kdshe) kurdi; the sound of running [

to lay w. yin kadaita. kur-kur-kur, war-war-icar. \

wasted, pass. part, batache, water, to (i.e. to give to drink) fem. batachiya, pi. batattu; v., shdda.

to be w. (i.e. spent) bache, water-buck, ambeche, dodoka,

e.g. the ink is w. (i.e. dissi- yaktwiba, gwambaza. \ pated, dried up) tadawa ta water-cress, lajuwa.

* bache] (of man, with disease) water-fowl, a black w.-f. di-

yanktvayie, see emaciated. niihnilo, dumulmuli (S.). waster, raygo^ see idle. watering, shadawa. watch, n. (time-piece) ?oto*, water-lily, bddo, kola (S.).

sa^a*. water-pot, n. tidu, pi. tiduw ; watch, V. tsdra, tsdri, tsdre, spec, pumpkin or gourd from tsdro and tsdrmia, kulo, yin which w.-pots are made dnma, care- shigoro, zura ido ; to w. pi. dumaimai, dumame, iiy^"^- fully duba, dubo; to w. cattle dama, jallo (K.). riyar ruwa. ^ kiiiio. waterproof, watching, shigoro. waterside, n. (watering-place) watch-tower, mabdga (S.). inashaya. water, n. ruwa, pi. ruwaye^ waterspout, inda,raro (S.). ;

watery 279 weaver-bird

watery, adj. da ruwa. him mun gan ski ; suffixed to wattles of a cock, n. lehatu^ auxiliary of the future and laihatu. to the passives, e.g. we will o-o wave, tr. v. (to move to and together za mu tare ; we were fro) yin shillo, veto; she is driven out aka jitas da mu. waving her kerchief tana weak, adj. rashin kariji, maras- (/il(jiza kallahinta. kariji, babu karifi, kumdma, waves, n., of water rakummau raunana, dagogo (Kats.). ruwa; heat w. in the air diyal weakness, n. kumamanchi, rana. ramni. waving, shillo, wealth, n. gatanchi, fajirchi, wax, n. gabduw€t* (from the see property, riches, ear) daudan kunne see ; bees- wealthy, adj., see rich 1. wax, wean, tr. v. yin yaye. wax-bill, (bird) asisi, baiwai^ weapon, mahalbiyi, see arms, Allah. wear, tr. v. m* (lit. put on) way, n. (road and also fig. of used with riga etc. rehgion, etc.) hanya, pi. hnn- weariness, n. gajiya, gajetva, yoyi, fafarki, pi. tafarkoki, gajiyawa, angaje. babe, turba, p]. turbobi (of weary, adj. ; da ycijiya ; v., to temper, character) kali, pi. feel w. jin gdjiya. halai, e.g. that is his w. weather, fine, n. duniya dadi; halinsa ke nan in this w. ; it will be fair w. za a yi hakanga, see thus ; v., to go sarari ; the w. is bad to-day out of vv. the (to make room yau ba sarari ba.

for) raise; to lose the w. v. weave, saka ; a frame used ratsa (or ratse) hanya, karin weaving through which kache ; to build or construct the warp threads pass after a w. gina hanya and gen. to leaving the allera, masefi. prepare a w. gyara hanya; weaver, n. ag. masaki, ma- phr. I know my w. about na saka; weaver's loom takala sani duniya. weaver's shuttle masaka. we, pers. pron. nominative sep., weaver-bird, the yellow w.-b. e.g. all we or we all 7nu duka; jira; the long- tailed w.-b. we two mil biyu prefixed ; (Vidua principalis) zidaidu, to past tenses, e.g. we saw zulaidi, sometimes called ; weaving 280

sarikin tsuntsaye ; the black- weight, n. 1. (measured heatea'^H headed yellow w.-b. ness) aroo kahare ; \ for particulalculaVi the black-headed w. finch measures of w. see mishuiL

shaida. rotaV^ ; v., to feel in order to weaving, sdka ; to walk up discover the w. of a thing and down for purposes of jinjini giving short w. ; tm-

w. wadari ; the pulley on a kure.

loom on which the peddles 2. (heaviness) nauyi, na)i-

work chikalkora ; the wooden wa*. board to which the unwoven weighty, adj. (heavy) da nan-

thread of the warp is fastened yi.

kunkuru ; the revolving cage welcome, interj, used as a

on which the spun yarn is salutation on meeting after wound before w. yaro-ha-ki- a long time marhaha, mdrahu wuya. harka zuwa, harka da da yini ; web, spider's, n. sumya, shaii- see also under sanu.

shando (S.). welcome, tr. v. (to leceive as wedding, n., see marriage; a guest) shide, marhabshe, w. festivities amarchi. tarairaiya, tarha, tarhi, Wednesday, n. ranal laraJm, well, n. rijiya, pi. riyoji or

laraha, larha. rijiyoyi ; a deep w. rijiya da weed, tr. V. yin tsintsuwan zurfi^ tumniya ; spec, a beam chiyawa. for drawing water out of a

week, this day w. ydda yau : w. jiyo, pi. jiguna ; v., to dig

to-morrow w. ydda gohe. a w. gina rijiya ; falling in weep, intr. v. yin hawaye of a w. hurma. see cry. well, to w. out tsatsdfa. weevil, a small w. which eats well, adj. 1. (right, proper, corn ku7i-ki-chi*. advantageous) da kyau. weigh, tr. V. auna, aii7ii, 2. (in good liealth) dc awuna, yin awo, gwada lajiya and lajiya, e.g. are you ;

actions are weighed ayiika w. ? kana lajiya ? quite w.

awonsu. sai lajiya or lajiya lau ; he weighing, verbal n., anything came back here w. ya komo

for w. with ahin awo; any- lajiya ; to be w. yin lajiya.

thing used for w. ma-auna. 3. adverbial expressions west 281 wherever

are : (of approbation) w. da whatever, indef. rel. pron. kyau; (of doubt, hesitation) komi, e.g. whatever begins

w. ! to, aya, aiya as w. ; as will come to an end komi ya (together with) tare da; w. faru za shi shi kare ne. then (introducing a state- whatsoever, indef. rel. pron. ment) ddga nan. komine, e.g. wh. * you do, it west, n. yamma, magariba. will be of no use komine ka westward, adv. yammachi. yi babu anfani. wet, n. (rain) ruiva; cf. seq. wheat, n. alkama; w. in good wet, to be, intr. v. (of the condition alkama tsa^-i ; tuft weather) e.g. it is w. ana of w. geza, pi. gezuna ; ear of ruwa; it was very w. an yi w. kube, see ear. rmva dayawa (to ; become wheel, n. 7'umbuiva^, ujalaJ^, wet) jiki ; (to be wetted or keke. put in water) a jika tsant- whelp, n. kwikuyo or kurk- sama, mma (S.) ; to be very wiyo, pi. kwikuye. w. jika sharkap. when, adv. 1. rel. da, yanda, wet-season, n. damdna or yawanda, yaushe, sa'an da, damuna; to pass the w.-s. yin lokachin da, ran da, kagada damdna ; see under rainy, (S.), idan or izan, kddan, kan, what, pron. 1. dependent rela- kamin, kur^ or kul*. tive (that which) abin da, 2. interrog. when 1 yaushe, e.g. I see what you want na wache sa^a, wa7ine lokachi ; ga7ii abin da ka ke so. since wh. 1 tun yaushe, ddga '2. interrog. what 1 mi, me, yaushe ; until wh . ? har yaushe ? mirie and mhiene, e.g. what whence P ddga iyia 1 has happened to you ? mi ya whenever, adv. ko yaushe, e.g.

same 1. ka what shall we do ? wh. he gets up he falls down mi za mu yil also adj. wa, again ko yaushe shi tashi ya ivanene, fern, tvac/ie, wacheche, fadi kuma, pi. sutva, smvane and suwa- where, adv. 1. rel. inda, wurin nene, e.g. what is his name ? da. wa simansal what kind of 2. interrog. where? inal bird is this? wanne irin wherefore P adv. domi 1 dom- tsu7ht8nwa ke nan 1 see under mi or domin mi 1 see why. who. wherever, adv. koina. 18—5 i

whether... or 282 who

whether... or, correlatives yal- fat ; a wh. (i.e. one of a wh. ia... ko^ ko...ko. race) ba-ture. which, see who. whiten, to faranta. while, a little, n. jitna kadan whitened, pass, particip. fd- and jira kadan. raya, pi. fdrayu.

while, adv. rel. tun da, e.g. whitish, (i.e. dirty white) far while they were speaking fari.

together I ran oflf ttun da who, pron. 1. rel. (also which, suna yin magana na taji da the objective whom, and the

gudu ; wh. they were about I'el. that) wanda, fern, wadda, to kill him a wonderful thing pi. wadanda, also simply

happened tun da za su kada ; the possess, whose is she shi abhi mamaki yafaru. expressed by the foregoinoj whip, n. (of skin) kurfu, pi. with the corresponding po> kurafu, bulala, pi. bulalai. sess. pron. suffixed to the whip, tr. V. yin bulala, yin object possessed, e.g. the man kurfu, e.g. he whipped them whose camel I killed mutum ya yi ma su bulala. wanda na kashe rakuminsa.

whirling, n. juyi. 2. pronominal interrogative

whirlwind, n. guguwa, used who 1 (also = which 1) wa, esp. for dust storm. wa7ie and wanene, fem. wa^he, whiskers, saje, pi. sajoji; w. lOacheche, pi. suwa, suwane,

e.g. who is this ? and moustache washefe. wa ke nan ; whisper, intr. v. rada, chim- who are you? wanene kai; are baya, both esp. in bad sense. which they ? suwane m' ; whisperer, n. ag. mai-rada. which of them? wane ch'i- whispering, n. rada. kin su; which woman amoni;,

whistle, n., made of horn them ? waxihe chikin su ; who ktvabura (K.), kwabira (S.). is this? wanene wannan\ the whistle, intr. v. (with the lips) possess, whose? is expressed yinfito, yinflto. by placing the name of the whistling, participial n. fe- object possessed in the con-

duwa, fito, feto, shewa. nective before the interrog., white, adj. fdri, fern, fara, e.g. whose daughter art thou % farfara, pi. fdrare, fdru-fdru (i.e. who is thy mother?) diyar is or far/aru; very wh. fdri wacheche ki ke ; whose son ;

whoever 283 will

he ? dan wa shi ke ; whose person mugun mutum, mala- horse is this? dokin wa kenan. loAihi. 3. the adjectival interroga- wickedness, n. mugunta, Idbo, tive forms are wanne, fern. shegantaka.

wache, pi. wddanne ; who is he? wide, adj. da Jddi, maifadi, wa7ine shi; what woman is bikiki, da faski ; n., a w. it that has come? wache mache place yalwa ; it is two cubits che wannan wadda ta zo; w./adinsa (=its width) kaimi what men are these? wadanne biyu. mutane ke nan. wide-opened, adj . kurkurkur*. whoever, indef. pron. kowa^ widow, n. zauwara, zaura, duka wannan da; see soever, gwabruwa, jaura, bazawara, whole, n. dukachi, dukanta, gwamruwa, pi. gwamraye e.g. the w. of mankind 6^0- a w. during her time of re- kctchin mutane. treat tdkaba. whom, rel. and interrog. pron., widower, gwabro, gwauroy see who. gwamro, jauri, zauri. whore, n. shakaliya, pi. sha- widow-finch, zulaidu. kalai, karuwa. widowhood, zauwarchi. whoredom, n. shakalchi, karu- width, n. fadi, faski, e.g. its tvanchi. w. is ihiii fadinsa ke nan. whose, possess, rel. and in- wife, n. mata, pi. mataye; spec, terrog. pron., see who. chief w. iiwar gida or uwal why, dependent rel. adv. domi, gida ; w. of a polygamist dommi, don mi, domin mi, kishiya (q.v.), pi. kishiyoyi; he did not tell us why he did a favourite w. mowa. this thing ha ya fadi ma mu wild, adj., see tame 1. domi ya yi abin nan; in- wilderness, n. daji, ddwa, see terrog. why? domi, dommi desert, or domin mi, sahilin mi, wile, n., see stratagem, mi ya sa, sabad da mi. will, n. 1 . (assent, consent and so, wick, n., lamp w. made of permission) yarda, (pleasure,

twisted cotton lagwami, la- wish, determination) turn, e.g. gwani. work your w. ku yi abin da wicked, adj. muyu, fem. mu- kii ke so. gunya, pi. miyagu ; a w. 2. (testament) ivasichi*. ;

will 284 with will, V. 1. (of consent, also winking, participial n. kyah- willingness) yarda. tawa, kyaptawa, kanne.

2. as auxiliary of the fut. winnow, v. tankada and yhi

za, e.g. I w. run za ni gudu; tankade., bakache, sheka, shi- he w. return here za shi komo. ka. willow, rimni, ha ruwana. winnower, n. ag. mai-bakache, win, V. (in gambling) ka^a, chi, mashekiya*.

e.g. I w. na chi. winnowing, tankade. wind, n. iska or hiska, pi. winter-season, buda.

iskoki or hiskoki, holoko* ; a wipe, tr. V. shafe, karta (K.),

dusty w. malalo ; the Har- karche (S.), katse ; wiping mattan w. iskan buda; the (e.g. of a dish) katsa; any-

w. is now blowing hard iska thing used for wiping abi7i yana husawa yanzu da kariji shafe.

to break w. yin tusa. wisdom, n. 1. (sagacious in- wind, tr. v.viurda^ murde(K.)y sight) lura, budi, hikima*.

7mrda, mirde (S.) ; to w. 2. (prudence, good sense)

thread wadarta ; intr. (to hankali.

coil) 7iade. wise, adj. in sense of prec. 1. winding-sheet, n. likafani, mai-lura ; in that of prec. 2. likka/dni. da hankali. window, n. ^i.e. a hole to look wish, n. abhi so, fata ; a strong

out) sakata, taga (K.), pi. w. guri* ; unless I w. sai

tagaigai ; dan kofa. na ga dama.

wind-pipe, n. muriya, pi. wish, tr. V. so, nufe or nifa; muriyoyi, janai, janyaro. to w. ior /ache; to w. rather

wine, palm-, n. bam, bami. Ji so, e.g. I w. this rather

wing, n. (of bird) fifike, Jikafike, than that na fi so wannan pi. Jlkafikai, fukafuki, ipl./u- da wanchan.

ka/ukai, faifeto, fefeto ; w. of wit, cf. I am at my wits' end an insect kallemu (K.); flap- dabara ta kare. ping of w. fuffuka, pup^ika. witchcraft, n., see sorcery.

winged, adj. niai-fefeto. with, prep. 1. instrumental,

wink, V. kyabta (or kyapta) da, e.g. they slashed him w.

ido, jajache, runitsa ; to w, a sword suka save shi da with one eye yin kanne. takobi. ; ;

withdraw •285 woman

2. comitative, da which is without, prep. 1. (devoid of, commonly used with verbs wanting) ba, babu, bamda, of motion, e.g. go off w. it e.g. w. doubt babit shakka,

(take it away) taji da shi babu wawa ; with the prefix

w. ) tare (in company da ; maras- compounds are formed (near, by) wuri na or wurhi, equivalent to the English

gun, e.g. w. the king tvuri prepositional phrase, e.g. w.

na (or wurin) sariki ; thou shame maras-kuTnya ; v., to

must seek knowledge w. the be w, rasa, tafe, taji, tabe, Mallams kai dai a netni kasa. com- shiui gun mallamai ; (of 2. (not within) see out- petition and contest) da, e.g. side.

he fought w. a certain man witness, n. 1. (testimony) da ivami milium ya yifada ; shaida, pi. shaidai and shai-

he jnade war w. Kaffi ya yi dodi ; eye-w. shaidar ido ; yaki da Kafi. false w. shaidar zur.

withdraw, tr. v. kauda, kau- 2. (a person who testifies)

she, turje, turjo ; to w. the ynai-shaida, pi. masu-shaida

hand danko ; intr , to w. v., to bear w. shaida with yi

from (to move away from) OJ' the forms in 7ia ; to bring gusa, gulgusa or gurgusa, or adduce w. kai (or kawo)

; toge ma, kude (S.) to w. shaida ; to bear false w. into shelter noke. dartire magana. wither, v. yaushi, tsotse and wizard, n. maye or mayi, fem.

tsotsi, kvmke^ ; (of plants) mayya, boka, pi. bokaye.

yankwane. woe ! interj. wai, tir, e.g. w. is

withered, pass. part, shan- me ! tvai iiiya ; w, unto you ! yayycy fem. shanyayya, shan- tir da ku ; see alas.

yayyu ', spec. w. branches wolf, an animal resembling a

kivahrvha. ; w. tree koreii w. (the hunting dog), n.

ita eh''. kyarkechi, kyalkechi, kiri- withering, n. yaushi. kiiiji, kilikinji. withhold, tr. v. ha^ia. woman, n. mache, pi. mata, within, prep, chikin 'mtitumniya or dclga ; young w. ya- cMkin, tsakan* ; from w. rinya, pi. yammata ; a bad

ddga chikin. w. karuwa, shakaliya ; a w. ; womanliness 286 worse

without a husband hazaivara; work, n. (employment, busi-

a woman's loin-cloth faUiri ; ness, labour) aiki, shdgali,

an old w. yyatuma, goma, shugala*, pi. shagulgula, tsur-

l/akimiJm. fa', concr. (a production, an womanliness, ivanchi. act, a w.) aiki, pi. aikoki wonder, n. 1. (the feeling) network aikin raga ; a bad woha*. w. aiki mugu; a day's w.

2. (something wonderful, wunin aiki; v., to refuse to aw.) mmnaki and abin ma- w. or to shirk w. ki rvuya,

maki, ajaba, ajub, kardma. huji ; to start w. kaina aiki. wonder, intr. v. yin woba, jm work, intr. v. aiki with yi and matnaki, saurara*. the forms in na; to w. dili- wonderful, adj. da matnaki. gently yin sawabe; to w. wont, n. (= habit) tada, ada, uselessl}^ sunkwiya or i^un-

e.g. this is their w. ta- kuya; n. unwillingness to w.

dansu ke nan ; v., to be w., sassaucJti.

see accustom 2. working, n. (action, operative wood, n. 1. (forest) rukuki. power) 2/i* q.v.

2. (the material of trees) workman, n. ag. maaikachiy

itache and iche-, a little pi. maaikata.

piece of w. dan itache ; spec. workshop, n. maaikachi*.

a long piece of w. tied behind world, n. duniya ; the next

the ear as a punishment for vv. lahira, gidan gobe.

thieving kangalai. worm, n., an earth-w. tana, pi, woodpecker, green makokofo, taiiu, tsutsa ; earth-worms ^nakokoji. abin kdsa; thread-w. kwaraba; tape-w. tslla guinea- w. kur- wool, n. mulufi or malufi, ulu, ; f

lufi or malufi ; woollen cloth dzurmaki.

rnidufi or malufi. worry, tr. v. wahalshe, dame; word, n. ^nagana, pi. magan- he worried people beyond ganu, zanche, pi. zanfMuka, endurance ya chika dam(t kalma, kalami^, imitane. kardtu ; pleasant words (lit. ear broth) worse, comp. adj. mafi mv- rotnon kunne. gunta daga. ;

worship '2S7 yam

worship, n. (religion, creed) wrinkled, to be takura. (divine service) wrinkling, n. yaushi, yoshi. addini* ; tsird- salla; Mohammedan \\. mu- wrist, n. wuyan hannu, sulumchi. siyar hannu; w.-bone idem ornament worth, (deserts) chinchinta. hannu ; spec, a w. worthless, adj. hanza, Ja'ane, worn by the heathen warami,

fern. la^ana, pi. Ja'anu, lala- pi. waramai; a wristlet made

tache, fern, kdatachiya, pi. of leather and wood daya kambu, lalatattu, amere, ivoji, yofi w. bangles kdrau, warami. (S.) ; n., a w. fellow dan kambutva, write, V. rubuta, rubiitu, yin hanza, wofin mutum ; to be w. lalache, tunkushe. rubutu, rubuche. pi. maru- worthy, adj. kirki, kiriki. writer, marubuchi, wound, n. rmmi, makami, biUa. n. abstr. ridnitu or miki ; scar of a healed w. writing, alio; faho, tamho. rubuchi; a w. board w. concr. (anything written, a wound, tr. v. rauni ; to witli a spear choke. w.) laya, pi. Iaway e, layii, wounded, pass. part, da r'auni. takarda, pi. takardu, rtdmtii, wounding, jinaya. rubuchi, litafi, pi. litattafi, woven, pass. part, sakakke^iem. litatafai; a line of w. sha- mkakkiyn, pi. sakakku. dara, shatsdra; spec, writing wrap, tr. v. ya/a, yafo, sunke, from God (used of the Koran, kanshe*. the Psalms or Gospels) za- wrapper, n. (goatskin loin w.) bura*.

ivaiki (S.), warki (K.). wrong, n. (violation of right) wrapping, grass, for packing laiji; v., to do w. yiu laifi,

salt, etc., n. burdumi. karkache, e.g. he did me w. wrath, n., see anger. yet yi ma ni laifi ; I will pro- wrestle, intr. v. yin kokuwa. duce proof so that anyone wrestler, n. mai-kunche. may see that you are in the wrestling, n. kokuwa, kokovja; w. ni kawo shaida kowa shi

a. w. game gumaza. gani ku ke da laifi, wring, tr. V. murda, e.g. they wrung the fowls' necks suka yam, n. doyei, pi. doyoyi, ma- niurda ivuyan kaji. gurazei; a y. cooked and ; yard 288 young

beaten up sakwara : koko yet, adv. har yanzu^ e.g. is your

y. givaza; a kind of y. (the father y. living ? id)anka har

Kaffir potato) rizga; a root yanzu shina da rai ; while y.

resembling a y. turmiku, cha- tu7i da, e.g. while they were kara. gudu y. running tun da suna ; yard, (measure of length) san- not y. tukun, tukuna with

da *. ha, e.g. he has not y. gone

yarn, (thick cotton) n. ahawa. away ha ya tafi tukuna, ha\

yawn, intr. v. mika* ; he does I have not y. found it />«//

nothing but y . saishina mika. samu har yau.

yaws, kyambi (S. ). yoke, put on necks of slaves, ye, pers. pron., see you. n. karkiya. yea, adv., see yes. yokel, a hagidaje, dan kauye. year, n. shekara, pi. shekaru, yolk of egg, n. gtvahduwc e.g. how many years old are gicanduwa.

you 1 shekarunka nawa or yonder, 1. dem. adj. (also = the

shekara nawa kana da rai or one y.) wa7ichan,iem. wachari, shekara nawa tun haifu- pi. wadannan, chan or cJiana,

walka; last y., adv. bara, e.g. on the y. side daga waje

hariya ; next y. hadi ; this y. chan.

hdna ; v., to live (so many) 2. adv. (over there) chan,

years shekara; y. after y. chana, ddga chan, wuri chan. shekara da shekaru. Yoruba people, Hausa name

yeast, n., spec. y. made of acid for ayagi, Yarihawa. ku pulp of the tamarind tsamiya. you, pers. pron. (also ye) ;

yellow, adj. rawaya, pi. rawa- to you ma ku or with assimi-

yu, spec. y. needlework on a lation 'muku. bernouse yar-rani. young, adj. 1. (new, fresh, nut

yes, adv. i, na^am, mddalla*, used of animals or men) sdh<\ sahohi. yau*, yo* ; to say y. (to as- fem. sdhuwa, pi. sahui, sent or consent) kada kai sahabi or sahbi.

see certainly. 2. (of animals) da, conn.

yesterday, n. jiya ; the day dan, fem. diya, pi. ya, conn.

before y. shekaranjiya, three yan, coll. diya, e.g. a y. lion dan zaki or da^t zakanya] days ago tcanshekaranjiya ; y. evening jiya da mareche. y. lions yan zakanya', the ;

youngest 289 zizyphus

hyena brought forth her y. better than y. dawakinmu kura ta haife diyanta. sun fi naku. 3. (of human beings) special yourself, yourselves, refl. and terms are used requiring no emphatic pron. ; see self, adj., ay. e.g. ladi/«ro, lA.yara; youth, n. 1. abstr. yarantaka, a y. woman yarinya, pi ycmi- yarinta. mata; a y. man, see youth, 2. concr. (ay. from fourteen youngest, adj. auta. to twenty years of age) youngling, n. (of animals) samrayi, saurayi, sarmayi, kwikuyo, lahuhu, kurkiviyo, pi. satnari. kuyikuyu, pi. kwikuye, kuyikuyai. Zaria, the town, Zazzau, Zozo your, possess, pron. suffixed to or Zakazak; the people of Z. a masc. n. -nku, suffixed to Zagezagi. a fem. n. -rku, -Iku, e.g. y. zeal, n. himma, harama, ha- king sarikinku; separate, if zama, yaji*; v., to show z. the object possessed is masc. maida (or yin) himma. naku, if fem. taku, if pi. zigzagging, kurda nan kurda nakii. nan. yours, (the form of prec. zithern, a kind of garaiya, employed when the object guraiya, karaiya. possessed is not expressly zizyphus, n., Z. spina Christi stated but implied) with kurna; Z. lotus magariya masc. object naku, fem. taku, Z. mucronata (buifalo-horn) pi. 7iaku, e.g. our horses are magariyar kura. :

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