/ / c Technical Paper No. 8/2552 9/2008
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Some Biological Aspects of Pearl Gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh-Daeng Peatswamp, Narathiwat Province
O04 8PQ * Chamaiporn Kaewsrithong 10. : T*QU Suwimon Seehirunwong 93 3 U 1O+, ;V Jeeranun Uraiprasit 6 - Y8P Worakit Khoowkheaw
[3 9 )8.,4 \3+,0*3Y[9]/ Inland Fisheries Research and Development Bureau 0+,0* Department of Fisheries , *b68.,:cU Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
/ / Technical Paper No. 8/2552 9/2008
) *+,-*+.,/012341567,8/* 9 *: /3;
Some Biological Aspects of Pearl Gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh-Daeng Peatswamp, Narathiwat Province
O04 8PQ * Chamaiporn Kaewsrithong 10. : T*QU Suwimon Seehirunwong 93 3 U 1O+, ;V Jeeranun Uraiprasit 6 - Y8P Worakit Khoowkheaw
Qf3)U9 )8.,4 \3+,0*3Y[9]/+g663 Pattani Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center [3 9 )8.,4 \3+,0*3Y[9]/ Inland Fisheries Research and Delopment Bureau 0+,0* Department of Fisheries 2009 : , )39 ) 49-0550-49090
Pearl Gourami ! " # $ Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852)
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Some Biological Aspects of Pearl Gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh Daeng Peatswamp, Narathiwat Province
Chamaiporn Kaewsritong 1* Suwimon Seehirunwong 2 Jeeranan Uraiprasit 3 and Worakit Khoowkheaw 4 1Pattani Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center 2Trang Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center 3Narathiwat Inland Fisheries Station 4Yala Inland Fisheries Station
Abstract
So me biological aspects of Pearl Gourami , Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) in Toh Daeng peatswamp of Narathiwat Province were investigated and aimed to identify the general characteristics, taxonomy, living habitats and other characteristics. Fish samples were monthly collected from local fishermen during November 2004 to October 2005. A total of 199 fishes were 99 males and 100 females. The total length and weight were 8.44+0.67 cm and 6.80+1.47 gm, respectively. A laterally compressed fish with long-oval shaped body similar to tree-spot gourami were found, but its body was deeper than those of tree-spot gourami, large eyes, and interior mouth. Body and head color was silvery gray and. The dominant of this species is a distinct black lace running from the head and gradually thinning toward the caudal peduncle, pearl spots on body and filamentous fin rays on dorsal and anal fins, a dark spot on caudal-peduncle. Standard length was 3.20-3.27 times of body depth. Generally found in slow flow streams, swamp or nearly still water bodies. There were three cohorts in population structure. The length-weight relationship equation was W = 0.0268 L 2.5880 , (R2= 0.8941, n = 99, p<0.05). Dorsal fins of male longer and anal fin was more colorful than those of female. Female was ovate body small dorsal and posterior dorsal rounded. There was no statistical difference of annual or monthly sex ratio (p>0.05). The fish was able to breed all year round. Egg was rounding, yellowish and pelagic. Pearl Gourami is a bubble nest builder. Fecundity was 893+491 and was closer related to weight (R2 = 0.6221) than to length (R2 = 0.4587).
Key words : Belontiidae, ecology, wetland, tropical freshwater fish. *Corresponding author : Mu 4 , Pitumudi Sub- districf, Yarang District, Pattani Province 94160 e-mail : [email protected] 3
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Trichogaster leerii (bleeker, 1852) HG3P/ <"$ ! . (Family Belontiidae) DF G 3 <2 0 .0 A#32 0 J > K< I 2 #0< > K< >J2 < ECK/9 P.0A/ I/0 1 /!/KH = #!>J! ECK/> o # 2 #0< E<# HC< H> j/ >.#./C<9 P.0 /!/KA/ I/0><#3 <. G . H A. 3"0 j/3 <!< B 0H "C D P0> j/A/ j/ >J > K<> j/ < >J 3< > j/ U 2 2 H> !ECK/ 1 /!/K A 9 P.0 P0 J # $/K9 3 <</# H/ 6s1+,*nU >J"C D ! 1 < E< P/. E0#3 /K 1. DF A / != / 2. A. 3<G3 " 3. H I2 < 0 6. MG <E3 6.1 # H1 >H !J/=$ <>/K> ! 6.2 >!/23 !=!T2 1G F$ 7. 2 E<E3 A 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3#32 A /K9 ./ ;/[33 . *8t3Qub "C D ! 1 < E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 0 i4 1 1VC< -. 06 )o* 8.,;/[33Qub 9 >/!/ 1 !# A DFU / 1G F$H 5 1. . bc, O+ 8.,310;3 DF /9 # 3 < A 1G F$ "C D DF G J FFm /U / 0 <> # A J!H F DF G 3 < A E0 <# K< DFA #9 A./3 2. 8:.o* )foQ ) # H1 DF <0 / U J A 2F1#!/K9 > j/A. 3< "E< P/ o >/ P/ /-> > / 19 > W1# 3 < I9 > W1# 3 J/9 !>2 .$. 23 J !># $#3 .W/E . 9 1/AB3/>. W 1/C 23 2 C H B! /K9 12 > 0.1 >V/#!># 3) 2 > j/ 3 < (pH) P0>2 < pH meter E< Hanna model HI98130 3 /23 2 > 0.1 ./3 12 C 30 >V/#!># 6 4) ! F V!>H/ (dissolved oxygen) P0>2 < DO meter YSI model 52 3 /23 2 > 0.01 ! ! #3 !# 12 C 30 >V/#!># 5) 2 > j/3 < (alkalinity) I != #># phenolpthalein A methyl orange > j/ indicator ./3 > j/! ! #3 !# E< CaCO 3 6) 2 0 < (hardness) I != #># eriochrome black T > j/ indicator ./3 > j/ ! ! #3 !# E< CaCO 3 3. ,9)5n*P*-3/+, +. /9 E0G 2 ;2 E< P/A#3 >/9 HP/ 1 t !>2 .$I2 < 0 < A G A11 H E 4. n0 04 3;U,:o*3Y[:3 8.,n0)6 +. /9 # 3 < K<. 2 >. A . (L) E< 0 != least square method # !=E< Rounsefell and Everhart (1953) A<2 J/=$E<E0G /K9 ./ A 2 H !>2 .$ ;; (regression analysis) P/ G E< 9 0/# < . (>V/#!># ) a A b = 23 2< >29 / F0 A<2 J/=$A 23 !=!T# 9 ./ (R2) A 0 9 # H1 #3 3 < 3 ;=!1 2 B/A E<23 # A # (23 A / Y) 03 <>. . 3 3 < I29 / F23 t H G# t = √(n-2) R2 / (1-R2) A 0 /9 23 t 29 / F0 > 1>1 123 t > vH # < t-distribution 12 >/ 95 A 99 > $>VW/#$ t 0.05 (n-2) ;0 23 t 29 / F0 23 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ A<2 J/=$2 >/P/ =!1 2 B/ A E<# A # 3 </9 2 <;!#! 7 5. n0866o*,:o*4Q 8., /o34Q 5.1 2 A# #3 < . 3 <>J" > 1>1 DF G 3 < 9 # ;C< DFA #9 A./3 5.2 3 />J" 9 3# 3 < 1 0P/A#3 >/o 8 # >/ /K> ! >J9 A >J" 03 <;G #0J"0 !>2 .$I 29 / F3 />J" A 12 A# #3 < <;!#!0 != Chi-square test (Snedecor and Cockran, 1973) H #K< #!m / 3 >J"BG0A >J">3 />3 / 1:1 I9 13 />J"P/U J K< tH E0G K<.3# 3 <0P/A#3 >/A 1 3 />J" >/>J# H1 3 3 />J" > /A < # MG . 3 I29 / FH G# χ2 = ∑ (O-E) 2 / E - P/ 123 3 />J"P/U J K< t P0 > 1>123 χ2 29 / F0 123 χ2 > vH # < χ2 0.05 df = (number of row - 1) x (number of column - 1) - P/ 123 3 />J"J1 >/ P0 > 1>123 χ2 29 / F0 123 χ2 > vH # < χ2 0.05 df = (n-1) >23 χ2 29 / F023 3 23 χ2 > v0H # < A< 3 3 />J"J12 A# #3 < H #!m /#K< 0 A#3>23 χ2 29 / F023 /0 3 23 χ2 > v0H # < A< 3 3 />J"J123 3A# #3 < H #!m / 6. w/f*O-o P/ "C D 2 KH !J/=$0 # > 3 0;G #0<1G F$ # HC /K> ! (histology) >J# H1 >H !J/=$ (maturity stage) A >!/23 !=!T2 1G F$ (coefficient of condition, K) A 0 /9 B "C D 0 !>2 .$ A J!H F >J13<K 3 MG <E3E< 2 HG3P/3 <> PE< > "C D P/ 1 t 8 6.1 # H1 >H !J/=$ <>/K> ! (histology) 9 . 1 "C D <>/K> ! (histology) 9 0 != ># >/K>0 J kv/>2/!2 I A3# 3 < K<# P//K9 Bouins fluid > j/> 24 I< A 0 /9 B3 / ethanol 2 >E0E0/ #K 4 spermatids E/ > W > !H A13<>V $E< secondary spermatocytes /! >2 <2<#!/K9 >E0 5 spermatozoas > !H > / G 3 6.2 >!/ !=!T2 1G F$ (coefficient of condition, K) /9 # 3 < 0/ A 0 /9 23 0 29 / F23 !=!T2 1G F$ . 23 K # !=E< Swingle and Shell (1971) > 1>1 1 > /A <23 !=!T2 1G F$ P/ 1 t >J >!/A/ I/0 3 3 <> P>.W/3 < 23 !=!T2 1G F$ >h G3P/ 1G< VC 1J/=$ 3 23 B/A G<# 0 A P023 < 3 13<1 ;C<3 <> E 7. n0/O-o 8.,n0 04 3;U,:o*n0/O-o6o3Y[:3 8.,n0)+. /9 # 3 < E3A 3 H9 / / 25 # 3 < 1/K9 ./ A 2 A#3 # B3 0<>J9 2 A # $ H /K//9 E0G 0 29 / F23 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3#3/K9 ./ A 2 # !=E< Siddigui et al. (1976) VC<02 J/=$ . (>V/#!># ) a A b = 23 2< >29 / F0 A<2 J/=$A 23 !=!T# 9 ./ (R2) A 0 9 # H1 #3 3 < 3 ;=!1 2 B/A E<23 # A # (23 A / Y) 03 <>. . 3 3 < I29 / F23 t H G# t = √(n-2) R2 / (1-R2) A 0 /9 23 t 29 / F0 > 1>1 123 t > vH # < t-distribution t 0.05 (n-2) ;0 23 t 29 / F023 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ A<2 J/=$2 >/P/ =!1 2 B/A E<# A # 3 </9 2 < ;!#! A 1 G A11 >#!1I#0 123 b = 3 (isometric growth) . 3 IP0G# (J> A "J , 2544) b-3 t0 = Sb 11 > t0 = # 1;!#!P0P/ > 1>1 123 t H # < # m / b = 23 9 < H 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 1/K9 ./ # Sb = 23 2 2 >2 / # m /E< b t.Qub H "C D ! 1 < E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I9 > W1 1 # 3 1. . bc, O+ 8.,310;3 1.1 DF B "C D J1 3 DF G 1.2 / != / H /1H9 / /A 3 /E< DF9 2#3 > j/>0/ 1 0 / 2 1 0/ 0 /2 1AEW< 12-14 0 / 0 /2 13/ 26-29 0 / A 2 1. < 0 / 2 13/ 14-16 0 / 9 . 1 "C D P/2 KActinopterygii Order Perciformes Family Belontiidae Genus Trichogaster Species leerii (Bleeker, 1852) 6* 1 H9 / /A 3 /E< DF </ != /9 2E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! DF </ != / ./3 /1H9 / /A 3 / standard length >V/#!># 5.14-8.40 total length >V/#!># 6.90-9.30 head length >V/#!># 1.66-2.27 head width >V/#!># 0.72-2.12 eye diameter >V/#!># 0.62-0.69 mouth width >V/#!># 0.52-0.73 predorsal length >V/#!># 2.25-3.73 body depth at dorsal fin origin >V/#!># 0.23-2.84 caudal peduncle length >V/#!># 0.02-2.52 caudal peduncle depth >V/#!># 0.66-0.96 dorsal fin ray 0 / 13-16 pectoral fin ray 0 / 8-10 ventral fin ray 0 / 4-50 caudal fin ray 0 / 14-16 anal fin ray 0 / 38-42 total gill arch 2G3 4 head length : body depth - 0.86-1.00 standard length : body depth - 3.20-3.27 standard length : head length - 3.21-3.80 13 2. 8:.o* )foQ ) J1P/JK/J I#QA<> j/ "G3 > j/ 3P/1 !> FJK/ 3/K9 . > o . /K9 23/E0 j/ > W /0 VC<> !H 3 E i4 2 U JJK/1 !> FJ I#QA< H<. / =! > W1 1 # 3 < H !>2 .$2F1#!EV/#!># 2 > j/ > j/3 < . 3 < 4.45-5.80 ! F V!>H/ /K9 . 3 < 3.55-5.30 ! ! / !# 2 > j/3 < . 3 < 2.0-30.0 ! ! / !# A 2 0 < . 3 < 18.0-74.0 ! ! / !# (# < 2) 6* 2 2F1#!/K9 P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 1 !> F 1 3. ,9)5n*P*-3/+, +. "C D H E 25 J..-48 =.2.-48 .2.-49 .J.-49 20 .2.-49 >..-49 J.2.-49 !..-49 .2.-49 .2.-49 15 ..- 49 #.2.- 49 H9 / / (# ) /(# H9 / 10 5 0 5.51-6.0 6.01-6.5 6.51-7.0 7.01-7.5 7.51-8.0 8.01-8.5 8.51-9.0 9.01-9.5 9.51-10.0 10.01-10.5 2 >. (>V/#!># ) i4 3 H E/ I2 < 0 < P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 15 4. n0 04 3;U,:o*3Y[:3 6on0)6 +. 4.1 2 J/=$ . 3 J" H "C D # 3 < A113A >J"H9 / / 199 # 3 < J1 3 23 2 . 3 < 6.0-10.5 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ . 3 < 3.12-12.92 23 2 >h >3 1 8.44+0.67 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ >h >3 1 6.80+1.47 A > !>2 .$2 J/=$ . 3 < /K9 ./ #32 J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 .W/0 3 2 J/=$E< A113A >J"29 / F0 23 !=!T# 9 ./>3 1 0.8941 A 0>3 1 40.78 >J/9 > 1>1 123 t > v0H # < t-distribution t0.05 (n-2) 23 >3 1 1.96 J1 3 23 t 29 / F023 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ 2 J/=$29 / F0 12 >/P/ =!1 2 B/A E<# A # 3 </9 2 <;!#! (p<0.05) 14 12 W = 0.0268 L2.5880 2 10 R = 0.8941 n = 199 8 6 /K9 ./ ( ) 4 2 0 4 6 8 10 12 2 (>V/#!># ) i4 4 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 A /K9 ./ P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 16 4.2 2 J/=$ . 3 J"> H "C D # 3 < >J"> 100 # 3 < J1 3 >J">23 2 . 3 < 6.1-10.1 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ . 3 < 3.10-11.74 23 2 >h >3 1 8.33+0.68 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ >h >3 1 6.62+1.54 A > !>2 .$2 J/=$ . 3 < /K9 ./ #32 J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 .W/0 3 2 J/=$E< >J">29 / F023 !=!T# 9 ./>3 1 0.9082 A >3 1 31.12 >J/9 > 1>1 123 t > v0H # < t-distribution t0.05 (n-2) 23 >3 1 1.96 J1 3 23 t 29 / F023 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ 2 J/=$29 / F0 12 >/P/ =!1 2 B/A E<# A # 3 </9 2 <;!#! (p<0.05) 14 2.6652 12 W = 0.0229 L 2 10 R = 0.9082 n = 100 8 6 /K9 ./ ( ) 4 2 0 4 6 8 10 12 2 (>V/#!># ) i4 5 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 A /K9 ./ >J">P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 17 4.3 2 J/=$ . 3 J"BG0 H "C D # 3 < >J"BG0 99 # 3 < J1 3 >J"BG023 2 . 3 < 6.0-10.5 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ . 3 < 3.12-12.92 23 2 >h >3 1 8.56+0.64>V/#!># A /K9 ./ >h >3 1 6.98+1.39 > !>2 .$2 J/=$ . 3 .W/0 3 2 J/=$E< A113A >J"29 / F 023 !=!T# 9 ./>3 1 0.8764 A . 23 t 0>3 1 26.23 >J/9 > 1>1 123 t > v0H # < t-distribution t0.05 (n-2) 23 >3 1 1.96 J1 3 23 t 29 / F023 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ 2 J/=$ 29 / F0 12 >/P/ =!1 2 B/A E<# A # 3 </9 2 <;!#! (p<0.05) 14 2.5313 12 W = 0.0300 L 2 10 R = 0.8764 n = 99 8 6 /K9 ./ ( ) 4 2 0 4 6 8 10 12 2 (>V/#!># ) i4 6 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 A /K9 ./ >J"BG0P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 18 5. n0866o*,:o*4Q 8., /o34Q 5.1 2 A# #3 < . 3 <>J" H "C D J1 3 A >J"H <> # DFU / 0 # > 3 9 0 IG DF E< A 2 1. <2 >J"BG0>E0 3 >J">I>hJ 1 !> F2 1 0/ A >J"BG02 1 . < 3 2 1. < >J">I H 2. < . > 2. < 3 /2 1. < >J"> DF 2 1/ 3;C<2. < P/MGBJ/=$H<> # DFU / 0>H/ECK/ I >J" >0< DFG 3 >J"BG03 <>.W/0 (U J 7) 4Q tfP 4Q 0) (1) (2) (2) (1) 4Q tfP 4Q 0) : www.aquafanet.com : www.seriouslyfish.com i4 7 DFA# #3 < . 3 <>J"E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! : 2 1 A. P/>J"BG0 (1), 2 1. </P/>J"> (2) 5.2 3 />J" H 3# 3 < P/ 1 t 199 # P/3 <2 6.0-10.5 >V/#!># /K9 ./ 3.12-12.92 J1 3 > j/ >J"BG0 99 # A >J"> 100 # 3 />J"E< >J"BG0#3 >J"> 23 >3 1 1:0.99 A B !>2 .$3 />J"P/ 1 t0 != Chi-square test 12 >/ 95 > $>VW/#$ degree of freedom (df) = 11 J1 3 23 χ2 29 / F023 >3 1 1.77 VC<23 /0 3 23 χ2 > v0H # J I#QA< H<. / =! P/ 1 t/K/ 32 A# #3 < / . 3 < >J"BG0A >J"> A > J!H F 3 />J" >/J1 3 3 />J"E< H10P/ o >/32 A# #3 < / I23 χ2 0H 29 / F23 /0 3 23 χ2 0H # < df = 1 VC<23 >3 1 3.84 1 2 >/ 95 > $>VW/#$ (# < 3) 6* 3 3 />J" P/J I#QA< H<. / =! >/ H9 / / (# ) # 3 / 23 >h χ2 > W1# 3 < >J"BG0 >J"> >J"BG0:>J"> J.. 48 29 12 17 14.5 1:0.71 0.86 =.2. 48 8 4 4 4.0 1:1.00 0.00 .2. 49 54 29 25 27.0 1:1.16 0.30 .J. 49 17 9 8 8.5 1:1.13 0.06 .2. 49 8 4 4 4.0 1:1.00 0.00 >.. 49 8 4 4 4.0 1:1.00 0.00 J.2. 49 8 3 5 4.0 1:0.60 0.50 !.. 49 16 8 8 8.0 1:1.00 0.00 .2. 49 18 9 9 9.0 1:1.00 0.00 .2. 49 17 9 8 8.5 1:1.13 0.06 .. 49 8 4 4 4.0 1:1.00 0.00 #.2. 49 8 4 4 4.0 1:1.00 0.00 199 99 100 99.5 1:0.99 1.77 :0):61 # < Chi-square (χ2) degree of freedom (2-1), [(2-1)x(12-1)] = 1, 11 12 >/ 95 > $>VW/#$ = 3.84, 19.68 # 9 1 20 6. w/f*O-o "C D MG <E3E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I >!/A #!# > /A 6.1 >H !J/=$ E< 1J/=$ >J"BG0 P/ "C D 2 KH !J/=$0 # > 3 0;G #0<1G F$ # HC /K> ! (histology) I3# 3 < H H9 / / 1 0K<.P/ A#3 >/o 8 # >J"C D <>/K> ! B # H1J1 3 > j/ >J"BG0 H9 / / 40 # I /K9 >KA 3>#WP/ 5 (spermatozoas) 23 G<P/>/# 2 2549 ( 0 54.70) A #9 P/>/=/ 2 2547 ( 0 34.23) VC<23 23/E0 <G<# K< t . 3 < 0 34.23-54.70 (# < 4) A< 3 >J"BG0 ;HBJ/=$0# K< t 6* 4 JS/ >H !J/=$E< >J"BG0P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I # H1 <>/K> ! 23 >h ( 0 ) + SD >/ spermatogonia 1° spermatocyte 2° spermatocyte spermatid spermatozoas J.. 48 3.71+1.62 12.55+5.10 36.14+4.15 11.32+7.31 36.28+10.45 =.2. 48 2.84+1.20 9.57+12.01 43.79+4.73 9.57+9.59 34.23+5.96 .2. 49 4.25+2.95 10.54+5.65 36.24+2.15 8.78+2.11 40.19+13.20 .J. 49 4.79+2.34 14.27+3.44 28.75+11.01 10.24+6.29 41.95+6.12 .2. 49 3.00+1.65 10.79+4.12 33.41+5.67 14.25+4.55 38.55+5.83 >.. 49 3.84+6.34 8.62+3.95 26.78+10.45 17.51+3.91 43.25+4.39 J.2. 49 3.92+11.07 7.94+4.92 19.54+2.35 15.47+2.65 53.13+3.50 !.. 49 4.36+6.69 9.57+6.10 25.48+6.12 9.49+11.20 51.10+3.15 .2. 49 5.70+3.89 11.78+5.22 23.82+4.87 10.44+4.60 48.26+2.89 .2. 49 4.77+3.75 14.25+4.36 18.56+5.67 12.36+3.19 50.06+2.63 .. 49 4.15+10.02 8.78+4.14 21.21+8.24 15.48+7.91 50.38+2.99 #.2. 49 3.17+1.35 9.82+2.63 17.59+4.10 14.72+1.89 54.70+3.51 21 spermatogonia 1°spermatocyte 2°spermatocyte spermatid spermatozoa 100 80 60 40 20 0 J..48 .2.49 .2.49 J.2.49 .2.49 ..49 i4 8 JS/ >H !J/=$E< >J"BG0P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I # H1 <>/K> ! "C D DFI2 < 0 < <>/K> ! E< >J"BG0 JS/ E< 1J/=$ (# < 4 A U J 8) A13< JS/ > j/ 5 # !=E< Lehri (1967); J F" A 2F (2538) J1 3 JS/ j/ germ cell > !ECK/P/ gonadal lamella VI#J VCH#!I V!/ (eosin) /! >2 23/E0 22 5 spermatozoas > !H > / G 3 (3) (5) (2) (4) (1) i4 9 JS/ E< 1J/=$>J"BG0 : spermatogonia (1), primary spermatocytes (2), secondary spermatocytes (3), spermatids (4) A spermatozoas (5) 6.2 >H !J/=$ E< 1J/=$ >J"> B # H1 >H !J/=$E< 1J/=$ >J"> I"C D <>/K> ! J1 3 >J"> J 0BJ/=$> 1# K< t IJ1# 3 < >H ! J/=$P/ 3 mature 23 G />D / 2549 ;C<>/# 2 2549 ( 0 37.15-46.86) A 23 #9 P/3 <>/JM"H! / 2548 ;C</ 2 2549 ( 0 21.10-23.59) (# < 5 A U J 10) 23 6* 5 JS/ >H !J/=$E< >J">P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I # H1 <>/K> ! 23 >h ( 0 ) + SD >/ immature maturing mature artetic J.. 48 37.41 +6.75 22.92 +1.35 21.10 +12.01 19.57 +12.73 =.2. 48 38.21 +6.34 32.19 +0.39 18.95 +12.01 10.64 +11.70 .2. 49 31.43 +2.73 38.39 +2.35 17.27 +17.54 12.41 +17.54 .J. 49 28.11 +1.20 33.89 +3.75 25.80 +5.89 12.20 +5.89 .2. 49 20.00 +0.50 41.03 +1.45 23.59 +12.77 15.38 +12.32 >.. 49 21.97 +3.42 31.03 +1.85 37.15 +6.69 9.85 +9.88 J.2.49 24.41 +1.65 35.59 +4.73 32.63 +5.77 7.37 +5.77 !..49 18.97 +1.46 31.03 +5.65 33.14 +3.40 16.86 +3.40 .2.49 11.60 +4.92 25.95 +3.20 49.49 +8.93 12.95 +11.07 .2.49 13.92 +2.95 26.31 +1.72 45.34 +10.02 14.43 +10.02 ..49 14.21+1.40 25.89 +2.85 49.88 +9.50 10.02 +9.50 #.2.49 17.21 +2.10 23.10 +4.10 46.86 +1.62 12.91 +1.62 immature maturing mature artetic 100 80 60 40 20 0 J..48 .2.49 .2.49 J.2.49 .2.49 ..49 i4 10 JS/ >H !J/=$E< >J">P/J I#QA< H<. / =! I # H1 <>/K> ! 24 "C D DFI2 < 0 < <>/K> ! A 3 /E< oocyte E< >J">P/ #3 (1) (NL ) (N) (C) i4 11 DFE< immature oocyte (1) A< cytoplasm (C), nucleus (N) A nucleoli (NL) (N) (NL ) (NL ) (N) (C) (1) i4 12 DFE< immature oocyte (1) A< cytoplasm (C), nucleus (N) A nucleoli (NL) > ! H G3E1/! >2 25 2 maturing oocytes > j/ oocyte > ! 1 / 0 V $ 9 P.0 oocyte E/ P.3ECK/ G 3 (2) (YG) (YV) i4 13 DFE< maturing oocyte (2) A< yolk granule (YG) A yolk vesicle (YV) (2) (GV) (F) i4 14 DFE< maturing oocyte (2) A< germinal vesicle (GV) A B/<K/ follicle (F) 26 3 mature oocytes > j/ nuclear membrane > germinal vesicle >2 /H # < < G3EK animal pole A P/H V $ oocyte 1 </3J1 germinal vesicle G 3 < oocyte 23/E0 < K/ granulosa H./ 3>3 /# 3 /2 ./ 2 0 / animal pole A yolk granules >2 DF> j/>WJGA< H # /> j/>/K> />.W/B/<K/P/ >H/ zona radiata (ZR) (U J 15) J1 /K0 >/ IJ1G<P/>/ / / 2549 23 0 49.88+9.50 A J1#9 P/>/ 2 2549 23 0 17.27+17.54 (YG ) (3) i4 15 DFE< mature oocyte (3) A< yolk granula (YG) H G33 <./ A/3/ 4 artetic oocytes DF G 3 <> 0 o A. 3< o 3A/3// 00 H&E H#!JG >E0. JG3 < oocyte P/ /KA# #3 (YG) (4) i4 16 DFE< artetic oocytes (4) A< yolk granula (YG) H G33 <./ A/3/ 27 6.3 >!/ !=!T2 1G F$ (coefficient of condition, K) B >!/23 !=!T2 1G F$ H # 3 < >J"BG0H9 / / 99 # A >J"> H9 / / 100 # J1 3 23 >J"BG023 !=!T2 1G F$ G3 . 3 < 0.98-1.16 IJ1G<P/>// 2 2549 23 !=!T2 1G F$ >3 1 1.16 A J1#9 P/>/!;/ / 2549 23 !=!T2 1G F$ >3 1 0.98 3 / >J"> 23 !=!T2 1G F$ G3 . 3 < 1.07-1.19 IJ1G<P/>/ 2 2549 23 !=!T2 1G F$ >3 1 1.19 A J1#9 2 >/ 2 P/>/>D / 2549 A 2 2549 23 !=!T2 1G F$ >3 1 1.07 VC< > /A 6* 6 23 !=!T2 1G F$E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! >J"BG0 >J"> !=!T2 1G F$ >/ H9 / / 2 /K9 ./ H9 / / 2 /K9 ./ >J"BG0 >J"> J.. 48 12 8.68 7.20 17 8.47 6.89 1.09 1.11 =.2. 48 4 8.48 6.13 4 8.13 6.19 1.01 1.11 .2. 49 29 8.51 7.11 25 8.02 6.19 1.15 1.19 .J. 49 9 8.34 6.78 8 8.49 6.76 1.15 1.09 .2. 49 4 8.60 7.40 4 7.98 5.96 1.16 1.16 >.. 49 4 8.65 6.67 4 8.10 5.66 1.03 1.07 J.2. 49 3 9.33 8.01 5 8.38 6.80 0.99 1.16 !.. 49 8 8.09 5.25 8 8.61 7.32 0.98 1.14 .2. 49 9 8.59 6.91 9 8.34 6.33 1.09 1.07 .2. 49 9 8.79 7.23 8 8.68 7.22 1.06 1.10 .. 49 4 8.95 8.16 4 8.83 7.72 1.14 1.11 28 1.30 1.25 >J"BG0 1.20 >J"> 1.15 1.10 1.05 23 !=!T2 1G F$ 23 !=!T2 (K) 1.00 0.95 0.90 J.. 48 =.2. 48 .2. 49 .J. 49 .2. 49 >.. 49 J.2. 49 !.. 49 .2. 49 .2. 49 .. 49 #.2. 49 i4 17 23 !=!T2 1G F$E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 7. n0/O-o 8.,n0 04 3;U,:o*n0/O-o6o3Y[:3 8.,n0)+. H "C D >J"> H9 / / 25 # 3 < VC<2 # . 3 < 7.5-9.8 >V/#!># A /K9 ./ # . 3 < 5.22-12.06 <E33 /1/#! / A 3 / A > j/JG> W o 2 JG E3 DF> j/>W >. j/E3 /K9 ./ E3G3 . 3 < 0.0162-0.2199 23 >h 0.1208+0.0455 A 2 E3G3 . 3 < 327-1,912 k< 23 >h 893+491 k< (# < 7 A U J 18) 6* 7 2 E3E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 2 # /K9 ./ /K9 ./ E3 2 E3 9 1 (>V/#!># ) ( ) ( ) (k<) 1 8.0 5.53 0.1489 451 2 8.0 6.06 0.0162 505 3 8.8 7.02 0.0945 395 4 7.5 5.22 0.1617 549 5 8.3 5.90 0.1796 520 6 9.7 11.26 0.1578 1,746 7 9.8 12.06 0.2061 1,912 8 8.8 8.32 0.0954 1,237 29 6* 7 (#3) 2 # /K9 ./ /K9 ./ E3 2 E3 9 1 (>V/#!># ) ( ) ( ) (k<) 9 9.3 10.20 0.1043 1,578 10 8.7 8.69 0.1008 1,342 11 9.1 8.66 0.1008 972 12 8.8 9.23 0.2199 696 13 9.1 8.45 0.1478 1,003 14 8.1 6.68 0.1679 657 15 8.6 8.27 0.0867 327 16 9.0 8.18 0.1665 1,098 17 8.5 6.80 0.1100 423 18 8.4 6.23 0.0900 367 19 8.5 6.62 0.0900 389 20 9.3 9.80 0.1021 1,498 21 8.7 8.24 0.0934 1,201 22 9.2 10.00 0.0987 1405 23 8.6 8.16 0.0921 1,131 24 9.0 7.55 0.0900 441 25 8.4 7.47 0.1000 482 >h 8.7+0.54 8.02+1.75 0.1208+0.0455 893+491 i4 18 DFE3E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 30 I2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3 1/K9 ./ # (U J 19) 2500 F = 10.9053W2.0650 2000 R2= 0.6221 1500 n = 25 1000 (k<) E3 2 500 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 /K9 ./ ( ) A 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3 12 # (U J 20) 2500 F = 0.0011 L6.2366 2000 R2 = 0.4587 1500 n = 25 1000 (k<) E3 2 500 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 (>V/#!># ) i4 20 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3 12 # P/J I#QA< H<. / =! 31 H B "C D 2 J/=$ . 3 < 2 E3#32 A /K9 ./ 29 / F0 23 !=!T# 9 ./ (R2) >3 1 0.4587 A 0.6221 A 0H # < t-distribution t 0.05 (n-2) VC<23 2.07 J1 3 23 t 29 / F023 3 23 t > vH # < A< 3 >0/ 2 J/=$29 / F0K< 2 2 >/P/ =!1 2 B/A E<# A # 3 </9 2 <;!#! (p<0.05) 1+ 8.,9cUt. "C D ! 1 < E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! . 3 <>/ JM"H! / 2548 ;C<>/# 2 2549 I 1 # 3 1. . bc, O+ 8.,310;3 H "C D DF A / != /E< J1P/J I#QA< H<. / =! J1 3 /9 "C D > j/ HG3P/ Family Belontiidae ># H1 DF </ != / J1 ! " # $ 3 Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852) IJ0< 2 Trichopodus leeri (Bleeker, 1852) A Trichopus leerii (Bleeker, 1852) B! 2 Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852) A Trichogaster leerri (Bleeker, 1852) (Fishbase, 2009) 2 Pearl guorami H DF G 3 2. 8:.o* )foQ ) A. 3<G3 "A AJ 3 H E< P/J I#QA< H<. / =! "C D 2 K j/G<. > j/2G3P/1 !> F A/K9 . >o A 1 !> FA3 j/!/I2 /V J. P101; DFE j/ /K9 0H # E 3. ,9)5n*P*-3/+, +. "C D H E I2 < 0 <2 P/3 <>// 2 2549 ;C<>/JMDU 2 2549 J1 3 G A112 0 2 C< / 3 /P/>/!;/ / 2549 J1 H E< E/ > W 2 3 4. n0 04 3;U,:o*3Y[:3 6on0)6 +. 4.1 2 J/=$ . 3 J" H "C D # 3 < A113A >J"P/ 1 tH9 / / 199 # 3 < J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 /A >#!1I# I123 b = 3 (isometric growth) . 3 J1 3 23 t0 0H 29 / F (-6.491) 23 /0 3 23 t0.025, 120 H # < (2.358) A 23 23 t0.025, H # < (2.326) A< 3 P/3 <"C D /K/ >#!1I#A11 isometric growth (23 b = 3) VC<2 0< 1 Wootton (1990) A =/!Dm (2543) < / 3 I 23 b HG3 . 3 < 2-4 >H !>#!1I#E< . 23 >3 1 3 A< 3 >H !>#!1I#>3//K> j/A11 # (isometrically) 2/K9 ./ E< J/=$I# < 12 VC 4.2 2 J/=$ . 3 J"> H "C D # 3 < >J">P/ 1 tH9 / / 100 # 3 < J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 >#!1I# J1 3 23 t0 0H 29 / F (-242.947) 23 /0 3 23 t0.025, 120 H # < (2.358) A 23 t0.025, H # < (2.326) A< 3 >J">P/3 <"C D /K/ >#!1I#A11 isometric growth (23 b = 3) 4.3 2 J/=$ . 3 J"BG0 H "C D # 3 < >J"BG0P/ 1 tH9 / / 99 # 3 < J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 < /K9 ./ #32 # E< ;A<2 J/=$0# /A >H !>#!1I# J1 3 23 t0 0H 29 / F (-4.856) 23 /0 3 23 t0.025, 120 H # < (2.358) A 23 t0.025, H # < (2.326) A< 3 >J">P/3 <"C D /K/ >#!1I#A11 isometric growth (23 b = 3) 5. n0866o*,:o*4Q 8., /o34Q H "C D DF2 A# #3 < . 3 <>J"U / J1 3 >J"BG0 DFE< 9 # > 3 >J"> 2 1. /"C D A< 3 P/= #!3 > /A 35 1 # #3 >J"> 1 # VC<2 0< 1 En.wikipedia (2009) < / 3 P/ >J J/=$ /K/HP0 > j/2G3 . # 3 />J"BG0#3>J">>3 1 1:1 6. w/f*O-o >/ 7. n0/O-o 8.,n0 04 3;U,:o*n0/O-o6o3Y[:3 8.,n0)+. H "C D # 3 < H9 / / 25 # 3 < J1 3 ! F2 E3 . 3 < 395-1,912 k< 23 >h 893+491 k< E/ > W J12 7.5 >V/#!># /K9 ./ 5.22 A ! F2 E3 549 k< 3 / E/ P.3J12 9.8 >V/#!># /K9 ./ 12.06 A ! F2 E3 1,912 k< E3 DF> j/>W >. . <>E0 > j/E3 > j/ 3. <E3 VC<2 0< 1 En.wikipedia (2009) < / 3 36 3. <E3#! 1J F0/K9 >"C D 2 J/=$ . 3 < ! F2 E3#3 /K9 ./ A 2 J1 3 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3#3/K9 ./ (F = 10.9053 W 2.0650, R2 = 0.6221, n = 25, p<0.05) 2 J/=$ / 3 2 J/=$ . 3 <2 E3#32 (F = 0.0011 L 6.2366 , R2 = 0.4587, n = 25, p<0.05) H H>.W/ 3 ! F2 E3B/A # > /A -P383, >/ 37 P**