Relating Orogen Width to Shortening, Erosion, and Exhumation During Alpine Collision
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The Structure of the Alps: an Overview 1 Institut Fiir Geologie Und Paläontologie, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
Carpathian-Balkan Geological pp. 7-24 Salzburg Association, XVI Con ress Wien, 1998 The structure of the Alps: an overview F. Neubauer Genser Handler and W. Kurz \ J. 1, R. 1 2 1 Institut fiir Geologie und Paläontologie, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. 2 Institut fiir Geologie und Paläontologie, Heinrichstr. 26, A-80 10 Graz, Austria Abstract New data on the present structure and the Late Paleozoic to Recent geological evolution ofthe Eastem Alps are reviewed mainly in respect to the distribution of Alpidic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, metamorphic overprints and the corresponding structure. Following these data, the Alps as a whole, and the Eastem Alps in particular, are the result of two independent Alpidic collisional orogens: The Cretaceous orogeny fo rmed the present Austroalpine units sensu lato (including from fo otwall to hangingwall the Austroalpine s. str. unit, the Meliata-Hallstatt units, and the Upper Juvavic units), the Eocene-Oligocene orogeny resulted from continent continent collision and overriding of the stable European continental lithosphere by the Austroalpine continental microplate. Consequently, a fundamental difference in present-day structure of the Eastem and Centrai/Westem Alps resulted. Exhumation of metamorphic crust fo rmed during Cretaceous and Tertiary orogenies resulted from several processes including subvertical extrusion due to lithospheric indentation, tectonic unroofing and erosional denudation. Original paleogeographic relationships were destroyed and veiled by late Cretaceous sinistral shear, and Oligocene-Miocene sinistral wrenching within Austroalpine units, and subsequent eastward lateral escape of units exposed within the centrat axis of the Alps along the Periadriatic fault system due to the indentation ofthe rigid Southalpine indenter. -
Insights Into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite
geosciences Article Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin Diego Villagómez Díaz 1,2,* , Silvia Omodeo-Salé 1 , Alexey Ulyanov 3 and Andrea Moscariello 1 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 13 rue des Maraîchers, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.O.-S.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Tectonic Analysis Ltd., Chestnut House, Duncton, West Sussex GU28 0LH, UK 3 Institut des sciences de la Terre, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This work presents new apatite fission track LA–ICP–MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Cou- pled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) data from Mid–Late Paleozoic rocks, which form the substratum of the Swiss Jura mountains (the Tabular Jura and the Jura fold-and-thrust belt) and the northern margin of the Swiss Molasse Basin. Samples were collected from cores of deep boreholes drilled in North Switzerland in the 1980s, which reached the crystalline basement. Our thermochronological data show that the region experienced a multi-cycle history of heating and cooling that we ascribe to burial and exhumation, respectively. Sedimentation in the Swiss Jura Mountains occurred continuously from Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous, leading to the deposition of maximum 2 km of sediments. Subsequently, less than 1 km of Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments were slowly eroded during the Late Cretaceous, plausibly as a consequence of the northward migration of the forebulge Citation: Villagómez Díaz, D.; Omodeo-Salé, S.; Ulyanov, A.; of the neo-forming North Alpine Foreland Basin. -
Geological Excursion BASE-Line Earth
Geological Excursion BASE-LiNE Earth (Graz Paleozoic, Geopark Karavanke, Austria) 7.6. – 9.6. 2016 Route: 1. Day: Graz Paleozoic in the vicinity of Graz. Devonian Limestone with brachiopods. Bus transfer to Bad Eisenkappel. 2. Day: Visit of Geopark Center in Bad Eisenkappel. Walk on Hochobir (2.139 m) – Triassic carbonates. 3. Day: Bus transfer to Mezica (Slo) – visit of lead and zinc mine (Triassic carbonates). Transfer back to Graz. CONTENT Route: ................................................................................................................................... 1 Graz Paleozoic ...................................................................................................................... 2 Mesozoic of Northern Karavanke .......................................................................................... 6 Linking geology between the Geoparks Carnic and Karavanke Alps across the Periadriatic Line ....................................................................................................................................... 9 I: Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 II. Tectonic subdivision and correlation .............................................................................10 Geodynamic evolution ...................................................................................................16 Alpine history in eight steps ...........................................................................................17 -
The Origin of Deep Geothermal Anomalies in the German Molasse Basin: Results from 3D Numerical Models of Coupled Fluid Flow and Heat Transport
Originally published as: Przybycin, A. M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Schneider, M. (2017): The origin of deep geothermal anomalies in the German Molasse Basin: results from 3D numerical models of coupled fluid flow and heat transport. - Geothermal Energy, 5, 1. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-016-0059-3 Przybycin et al. Geotherm Energy (2017) 5:1 DOI 10.1186/s40517-016-0059-3 RESEARCH Open Access The origin of deep geothermal anomalies in the German Molasse Basin: results from 3D numerical models of coupled fluid flow and heat transport Anna M. Przybycin1,2*, Magdalena Scheck‑Wenderoth1,3 and Michael Schneider2 *Correspondence: anna. [email protected] Abstract 1 Department 6 The European Molasse Basin is a Tertiary foreland basin at the northern front of the Geotechnologies, Section 6.1 Basin Modelling, Alps, which is filled with mostly clastic sediments. These Molasse sediments are under‑ German Research lain by Mesozoic sedimentary successions, including the Upper Jurassic aquifer (Malm) Centre for Geosciences which has been used for geothermal energy production since decades. The thermal GFZ - Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, field of the Molasse Basin area is characterized by prominent thermal anomalies. Since 14473 Potsdam, Germany the origin of these anomalies is still an object of debates, especially the negative ones Full list of author information represent a high risk for geothermal energy exploration. With our study, we want to is available at the end of the article contribute to the understanding of the thermal configuration of the basin area and with that help to reduce the exploration risk for future geothermal projects in the Molasse Basin. -
State, Possible Future Developments and Barriers of the Exploration And
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005 State, Possible Future Developments in and Barriers to the Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Energy in Austria – Country Update Johann Goldbrunner Geoteam Ges.m.b.H., A-8200 Gleisdorf, Weizerstraße 19, Austria [email protected] Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Austria, Molasse Basin, Republic's area is covered by the Eastern Alps, which reach Styrian Basin, Alps, Vienna Basin, deep geothermal, wells, a maximum altitude of nearly 4,000 m (mountain thermal capacity, ORC, Geinberg, Altheim, Simbach, Grossglockner). Braunau, Waltersdorf, Blumau, Fuerstenfeld, Laengenfeld. Favourable conditions for exploiting geothermal energy ABSTRACT exist in the Alpine–Carpathian intramontane basins (Vienna Basin, Pannonian/Danube and Styrian Basin) and the In the 1977-2004 period a total of 63 geothermal Molasse Basin. The Vienna Basin, which is situated in the exploration wells with a total length of some 100 km have transition zone between the Alps and the Carpathians and been drilled for geothermal energy in Austria. A large was created by lateral movements and subsidence during number of wells were intended for tapping thermal waters and after the Alpine orogeny, has not seen intensive for balneological use (curing, thermal spas, leisure resorts, geothermal exploration so far. It is a main target for hotels etc.). Drilling activities focused on the Styrian Basin hydrocarbon exploration. Some 3,500 wells have been and the Upper Austrian Molasse Basin where a high drilled here since the 1930s for exploration and exploitation number of geothermal installations and wells for of hydrocarbons from the basin filling and the basin floor, balneological use exists. -
Good to Know
good to know 2017 Activity Report Hohe Tauern National Park www.hohetauern.at 1 Contents Photo: © HTNP / D. Egger Primula glutinosa: Many so-called Speik grounds in the Tauern mountains derive their name from this purple primrose. Primula glutinosa’s oblanceolate leaves with fine toothing near the tip are minutely glandular and sticky. The plant flowers among curved sedge grasses in July and August. It is endemic to the eastern Alps Publication details: and protected. (Source: Pflanzen. Wissenschaftliche Schriften. 2014. Secretariat of the Hohe Tauern National Park Council. Retailed through book stores: Tyrolia-Verlag) Media owner, editor, and publisher: Hohe Tauern National Park Fund, Carinthia Döllach 14, 9843 Grosskirchheim, Austria Hohe Tauern National Park Fund, Salzburg Gerlos Strasse 18, 5730 Mittersill, Austria Hohe Tauern National Park Fund, Tyrol Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei in Osttirol, Austria Association of the Secretariat of the Hohe Tauern National Park Council Contents Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei in Osttirol, Austria Editorial team and responsible for contents: National Park Directors Peter Rupitsch, Hermann Stotter, Wolfgang Urban Project management and co-ordination: Helene Mattersberger 4 Preface 47 Public Relations Cover picture: Zelokssee lake with views of the Hochschober © HTNP / A. Steinacher 6 Facts & Figures 48 Infrastructure Design: vorauerfriends communications gmbh, Thalheim 8 Looking Back 50 Tourism Graphic design: 08/16 grafik, eva scheidweiler, Lienz – Salzburg 14 National Parks Austria 54 Association of Friends Printed by: Oberdruck GmbH, Stribach 17 International Affairs 56 Organisation 18 Natural Resource Management 64 Budget 24 Science & Research 65 Outlook Translations: Stephen B. Grynwasser, London Publication details 32 Preservation of the Cultural Landscape 66 Contact Despite all due care and attention, misprints and printing errors cannot be excluded. -
Connecting Quartz Fluid Inclusion, Fissure Monazite Age, and Fissure
Gnos et al. Swiss J Geosci (2021) 114:14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-021-00391-9 Swiss Journal of Geosciences ORIGINAL PAPER Open Access Episodes of fssure formation in the Alps: connecting quartz fuid inclusion, fssure monazite age, and fssure orientation data Edwin Gnos1* , Josef Mullis2, Emmanuelle Ricchi3, Christian A. Bergemann4, Emilie Janots5 and Alfons Berger6 Abstract Fluid assisted Alpine fssure-vein and cleft formation starts at prograde, peak or retrograde metamorphic conditions of 450–550 °C and 0.3–0.6 GPa and below, commonly at conditions of ductile to brittle rock deformation. Early-formed fssures become overprinted by subsequent deformation, locally leading to a reorientation. Deformation that follows fssure formation initiates a cycle of dissolution, dissolution/reprecipitation or new growth of fssure minerals enclos- ing fuid inclusions. Although fssures in upper greenschist and amphibolite facies rocks predominantly form under retrograde metamorphic conditions, this work confrms that the carbon dioxide fuid zone correlates with regions of highest grade Alpine metamorphism, suggesting carbon dioxide production by prograde devolatilization reac- tions and rock-bufering of the fssure-flling fuid. For this reason, fuid composition zones systematically change in metamorphosed and exhumed nappe stacks from diagenetic to amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks from saline fuids dominated by higher hydrocarbons, methane, water and carbon dioxide. Open fssures are in most cases oriented roughly perpendicular to the foliation and lineation of the host rock. The type of fuid constrains the habit of the very frequently crystallizing quartz crystals. Open fssures also form in association with more localized strike-slip faults and are oriented perpendicular to the faults. -
Long-Wavelength Late-Miocene Thrusting in the North Alpine Foreland: Implications for Late Orogenic Processes
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes Samuel Mock1, Christoph von Hagke2,3, Fritz Schlunegger1, István Dunkl4, and Marco Herwegh1 1Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 2Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstrasse 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany 3Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria 4Geoscience Center, Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Correspondence: Samuel Mock ([email protected]) Received: 17 October 2019 – Discussion started: 27 November 2019 Revised: 24 August 2020 – Accepted: 25 August 2020 – Published: 13 October 2020 Abstract. In this paper, we present new exhumation ages 1 Introduction for the imbricated proximal molasse, i.e. Subalpine Mo- lasse, of the northern Central Alps. Based on apatite .U−Th−Sm/=He thermochronometry, we constrain thrust- Deep crustal processes and slab dynamics have been con- driven exhumation in the Subalpine Molasse between 12 and sidered to influence the evolution of mountain belts (e.g. 4 Ma. This occurs synchronously to the main deformation in Davies and von Blanckenburg, 1995; Molnar et al., 1993; the adjacent Jura fold-and-thrust belt farther north and to the Oncken et al., 2006). However, these deep-seated signals late stage of thrust-related exhumation of the basement mas- may be masked by tectonic forcing at upper-crustal levels sifs (i.e. -
Lithospheric-Scale 3D Structural and Thermal Modelling and the Assessment of the Origin of Thermal Anomalies in the European North Alpine Foreland Basin
Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften und Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam Department 4 Chemie und Kreisläufe der Erde / Sektion 4.4 Sedimentbeckenanalyse __________________________________________________________________________________ Lithospheric-scale 3D structural and thermal modelling and the assessment of the origin of thermal anomalies in the European North Alpine Foreland Basin Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) eingereicht am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin von Anna Maria Przybycin Berlin, September 2015 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Schneider (Freie Universiät Berlin) Zweitgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth (RWTH Aachen) Datum der Disputation: 27. November 2015 ... just because… Content Content Content ......................................................................................................................................... I List of figures ............................................................................................................................. III List of tables ............................................................................................................................... VI Declaration of Originality ........................................................................................................... VII Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. -
Disentangling Between Tectonic, Eustatic and Sediment Flux Controls on the 20 Ma-Old Burdigalian Transgression of the Molasse Basin in Switzerland
Disentangling between tectonic, eustatic and sediment flux controls on the 20 Ma-old Burdigalian transgression of the Molasse basin in Switzerland 5 Philippos Garefalakis1, Fritz Schlunegger1 1Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland Correspondence to: Philippos Garefalakis ([email protected]) Abstract 10 The stratigraphic architecture of the Swiss Molasse basin, situated on the northern side of the evolving Alps, reveals crucial information about the basin’s geometry, its evolution and the processes leading to the deposition of the siliciclastic sediments. Nevertheless, the formation of the Upper Marine Molasse and the controls on the related Burdigalian transgression have still been a matter of scientific debate. During the time period from c. 20 to 17 Ma, the Swiss Molasse basin was partly flooded by a shallow marine sea, striking SW – NE. We conducted sedimentological and stratigraphic analyses of several sites across the 15 entire Swiss Molasse basin. An attempt is made to extract stratigraphic signals that can be related to changes in sediment supply rate, variations in the eustatic sea level and subduction tectonics. Field investigations show that the transgression and the subsequent evolution of the Burdigalian seaway was characterized by (i) changes in sediment transport directions, (ii) a deepening and widening of the basin, and (iii) phases of erosion and non- deposition. We use these changes in the stratigraphic record to disentangle between tectonic and surface controls at various 20 scales. As the most important mechanism, roll-back subduction of the European mantle lithosphere and delamination of crustal material most likely explain the widening of the Molasse basin particularly at distal sites. -
2.3. the Austrian Sector of the North Alpine Molasse: a Classic Foreland Basin ^^^ Hans Georg KRENMAYR R^S^Tjtl *T^\V^ *Jfl Vienna
©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at FOREGS '99 - Dachstein-Hallstatt-Salzkammergut Region 2.3. The Austrian sector of the North Alpine Molasse: A classic foreland basin ^^^ Hans Georg KRENMAYR r^s^TjTl *T^\v^ *Jfl Vienna Г-v-^iS Hallstatt _^^y;b~) The North Alpine Molasse extends from the French Maritime Alps to the area of Vienna, where the Alpine nappe pile largely disappears below the intra-orogenic Vienna Basin. The "North Alpine" Molasse extends northeastward from the Danube west of Vienna and farther into the Carpathian Foredeep. The term "molasse" was introduced into the scientific literature by H.B. DE SAUSSURE in 1779. Etymologically it can either be inferred from the latin „mola" (whetstone or grindstone) or from the french "molasse" (slack or very soft), which refers to the widespread occurrence of soft sandstones and loose sands. The Austrian Molasse is of considerable scientific interest due to the occurrence of hydrocarbons, which created the somehow paradox situation, that the subsurface of the basin is partly better known than the surface geology. In recent times special attention has been paid to the Molasse Basin because of its mirror function of Alpine uplift history. Throughout the Austrian sector of the Molasse Basin the southern edge of the Variscan Bohemian Massif forms the northern bordering zone of the Tertiary basin fill. The metamorphic and magmatic basement rocks continue far below the Alpine nappe wedge to at least 50 km behind the northern thrust front. Structural depressions of the basement locally contain relicts of Late Carboniferous (?) to Permian molasse-type sediments of the Variscan orogenic cycle, whereas wide regions of the basement to the west and east of the southward extending so called "spur" of the Bohemian Massif are covered with epi continental Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. -
Late Jurassic to Eocene Palaeogeography and Geodynamic Evolution of the Eastern Alps
© Österreichische Geologische Gesellschaft/Austria; download unter www.geol-ges.at/ und www.biologiezentrum.at Mi-: ür-ile-r. Gfi'.ü. Os. ISSN 02hl 7-li\s 92i;!jW; /:) 04 W^r J'i 2000 Late Jurassic to Eocene Palaeogeography and Geodynamic Evolution of the Eastern Alps PETER FAUPL1 & MICHAEL WAGREICH1 4 Figures and 1 Table Abstract The Mesozoic orogeny of the Eastern Alps is controlled by subduction, collision and closure of two oceanic domains of the Western Tethyan realm: The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous closure of a Triassic Tethys Ocean, probably connected to the Vardar Ocean in the Hellenides, and the Mid-Cretaceous to Early Tertiary closure of the Penninic Ocean to the north of the Austroalpine unit. Based on facies analysis and provenance studies, the evolution of the major palaeogeographic domains is discussed. Ophiolitic detritus gives insights into the history of active margins and collisional events. Synorogenic sediments within the Northern Calcaerous Alps from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous onwards record shortening within the Austroalpine domain, due to suturing in the south and the onset of subduction of the Penninic Ocean in the north. Transtension following Mid-Cretaceous compression led to the subsidence of Late Cretaceous Gosau Basins. Tectonic erosion of the accretionary structure at the leading margin of the Austroalpine plate resulted in deformation and deepening within the Northern Calcareous Alps. Cretaceous to Early Tertiary deep-water deposition ended in a final stage of compression, a consequence of the closure of the Penninic Ocean. Introduction troalpine zone is subdivided into a Lower, Middle and Upper Austroalpine nappe complex.