Woodview, Lambourne Road Chigwell Row, Essex

Historic Building Record

Planning Ref: EPF/2473/16 Accession Code: CHGW17 Ref: 118110.01 September 2017

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Wessex Archaeology Ltd is a Registered Charity no. 287786 (England & Wales) and SC042630 (Scotland) Disclaimer The material contained in this report was designed as an integral part of a report to an individual client and was prepared solely for the benefit of that client. The material contained in this report does not necessarily stand on its own and is not intended to nor should it be relied upon by any third party. To the fullest extent permitted by law Wessex Archaeology will not be liable by reason of breach of contract negligence or otherwise for any loss or damage (whether direct indirect or consequential) occasioned to any person acting or omitting to act or refraining from acting in reliance upon the material contained in this report arising from or connected with any error or omission in the material contained in the report. Loss or damage as referred to above shall be deemed to include, but is not limited to, any loss of profits or anticipated profits damage to reputation or goodwill loss of business or anticipated business damages costs expenses incurred or payable to any third party (in all cases whether direct indirect or consequential) or any other direct indirect or consequential loss or damage. Document Information

Document title Woodview, Lambourne Road, Chigwell Row, Essex Document subtitle Historic Building Record Document reference 118110.1

Client name Aedifice Partnership Chartered Surveyors and Property Consultants Address 60-62 High Street, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2SP

On behalf of Longprime Ltd Address 505 Pinner Road, Harrow, Greater London, HA2 6EH

Site location Chigwell Row County Essex National grid reference 545775 192970 (TQ 45775 92970) Statutory designations N/A Planning authority Epping Forest District Council / Place Services Essex County Council Planning reference EPF/2473/16 Museum name Epping Forest District Museum Museum accession code CHGW17

WA project name Woodview Chigwell WA project code 118110 Date of fieldwork August 2017 Fieldwork directed by Bob Davis Project management by Matt Rous Document compiled by Bob Davis

Graphics by Grace Flood, Bob Davis and Nancy Dixon

Quality Assurance Version & issue date Status Author Approved by V1 22/09/17 Draft submitted R Davis

Woodview, Lambourne Road, Chigwell Row, Essex Historic Building Record

Contents Summary ...... vi Acknowledgements ...... vii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Project background ...... 1 1.2 Site location and description ...... 1 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 2 2.1 Aims and objectives ...... 2 2.2 Methodology ...... 2 2.3 Documentary research ...... 2 2.4 Photographic record ...... 2 2.5 Survey and drawn record ...... 3 2.6 Record date ...... 3 3 SOURCES OF EVIDENCE ...... 3 3.1 Previous studies ...... 3 4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 3 4.1 Introduction ...... 3 4.2 Chigwell Row ...... 3 4.3 Woodview - 18th century origins ...... 4 4.4 19th century development ...... 4 5 BUILDING DESCRIPTION ...... 6 5.1 Introduction ...... 6 5.2 Exterior ...... 6 5.3 Interior - West cellar ...... 8 5.4 Interior - west end ...... 9 5.5 Interior - central area ...... 10 5.6 Interior - east end ...... 11 5.7 First floor interior - west end ...... 12 5.8 First floor interior - east end...... 12 5.9 Second floor interior ...... 13 5.10 Garage ...... 14 6 DISCUSSION ...... 14 6.1 Woodview in its wider context ...... 14 7 STORAGE AND CURATION ...... 16 7.1 Archive ...... 16 7.2 Copyright ...... 16 7.3 Security copy ...... 16 8 REFERENCES ...... 17 8.1 Bibliography ...... 17 8.2 Cartographic sources (purchased from Promap) ...... 17

Figures

Figure 1 Site location

Figure 2 Historic map regression

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Figure 3 Woodview, Chigwell. North and South elevations

Figure 4 Woodview, Chigwell. West elevation

Figure 5 Woodview, Chigwell. East elevation

Figure 6 Woodview, Chigwell. Annotated cellar plan

Figure 7 Woodview, Chigwell. Annotated ground floor plan

Figure 8 Woodview, Chigwell. Annotated first floor plan

Figure 9 Woodview, Chigwell. Annotated second floor plan

Figure 10 Woodview, Chigwell. Annotated garage plan

Plates

Front cover Woodview west façade

Plate 1 Entrance to Woodview showing 19th century gate piers

Plate 2 Remains of 19th century entrance driveway

Plate 3 Woodview north elevation

Plate 4 Woodview north porch

Plate 5 Woodview interior of north porch

Plate 6 Woodview west elevation

Plate 7 Woodview west end of south elevation

Plate 8 Woodview east end of south elevation

Plate 9 Woodview south elevation central bay projection showing first floor oriel

Plate 10 Woodview decorative wall feature

Plate 11 Woodview main south porch

Plate 12 Woodview south-east service wing and possible scullery

Plate 13 Woodview east elevation

Plate 14 Woodview commemorative owners plaque

Plate 15 West cellar entrance

Plate 16 West cellar stone steps

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Plate 17 West cellar room C1 looking east to blocking wall also showing wall hatches to left

Plate 18 West cellar room C1 looking west showing different brick bond to side walls

Plate 19 West cellar room C1 doorway and steps at west end

Plate 20 West cellar west end floor space showing possible earlier wall to right of image on step foundation

Plate 21 West cellar view into north wall hatch showing London stock brick supporting walls and vaulting

Plate 22 West cellar room C4 storage bins

Plate 23 West cellar room C4 storage bins

Plate 24 East cellar south exterior entrance steps

Plate 25 East cellar main south entrance door

Plate 26 East cellar C7 showing passage and arched chimney foundation

Plate 27 East cellar C9 voids under floor at east end of building viewed from wall hatchway

Plate 28 East cellar north exterior entrance

Plate 29 Vestibule floor decoration G13

Plate 30 Vestibule wooden screen G13

Plate 31 Ground floor entrance hall

Plate 32 Ground floor entrance hall

Plate 33 Entrance hall 19th century fireplace

Plate 34 Main staircase

Plate 35 Room GF10 interior

Plate 36 Room GF10 original wooden fire surround and overmantel

Plate 37 Room GF16 interior

Plate 38 Room GF 16 softwood panelling, ceiling and modern fireplace

Plate 39 Room GF16 typical ground floor oak door

Plate 40 Room GF15 garden room interior

Plate 41 Room GF14 interior

Plate 42 Room GF12 modern panelled interior

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Plate 43 Ground floor service corridor GFC1

Plate 44 Ground floor service stair

Plate 45 Ground floor hall 2 mosaic floor, modern bathroom wall on top

Plate 46 South entrance hall floor mosaic

Plate 47 Possible dining room GF6. Kitchen and serving room through doors

Plate 48 Room GF4

Plate 49 Room GF17 possible laundry

Plate 50 Games room GF2

Plate 51 Games room GF2 panelling built over original fireplace

Plate 52 Main stair window and service landing with service corridor beyond archway

Plate 53 First floor landing

Plate 54 Stained lantern above stair atrium

Plate 55 First floor landing area FF2 free-standing stair

Plate 56 First floor landing area FF2 blocked chimney

Plate 57 First floor room FF3 typical modern decor

Plate 58 First floor bedroom FF5

Plate 59 First floor modern bathroom FF6. Blocked chimney on left

Plate 60 First floor room FF11 original door surround

Plate 61 First floor service corridor viewed from east

Plate 62 First floor east service stair

Plate 63 Second floor landing west end

Plate 64 Second floor typical interior of servant’s room

Plate 65 Second floor room SF5

Plate 66 Second floor service stair

Plate 67 Exterior view of early 20th century garage

Plate 68 West side of garage door openings

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Plate 69 Garage main door entrance

Back cover Late 19th century fireplace tile in entrance hall

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Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Aedifice Partnership, on behalf of Longprime Ltd, to produce a historic building record of Woodview, Chigwell Row, Essex, a large, late Victorian villa located within Chigwell Row on the south side of Lambourne Road and east of Lakeside Close.

Planning permission (planning ref: EPF/2473/16) has been granted to demolish the existing 22 bedroom property and replace it with a new three-storey 72 bed care home and a three-storey block containing 25 retirement living apartments, together with 51 car parking spaces and landscaping.

The historic building record was carried out to Historic England Level 3 (analytical) standard comprising metric survey, photographic record and written account. The site survey was undertaken in August 2017.

Woodview was built in 1881 for Philip Savill replacing an earlier, likely 18th century dwelling, on a site known as ‘Woodlands’. In the 1960s the house was converted to ‘High View Home for the Aged’, which later became ‘Woodview Elderly Persons’ Home’. It was converted back into a private residence in 1996.

The house comprises a large Victorian villa built in the Gothic Revival style and showing influences of the ‘Queen Anne’ movement. It is constructed of red brick with steep pitched roofs with a mixture of gables, shaped or Dutch gables, and projecting bays over three storeys. It is set back from the Lambourne Road behind a formal gate and driveway and originally stood amidst landscaped gardens.

The exterior of the building has remained little changed and the original plan form and circulation of the interior is largely legible, expressing the established hierarchical order of the late Victorian villa. The west end of the building contains the high-status reception rooms, main hall and grand stair, the east end of the building contains the service rooms with a separate service stair ensuring that servants could access the upper floors without being visible at the western end.

The alteration of the interior during the 20th century has removed many of the original 19th century features and decoration, although the late 20th century re-conversion from care home to residence has attempted to replicate stylistically the late 19th century decorative finishes, albeit in modern materials. Despite this, a number of original features were identified during the survey including the decorative hall fireplace, entrance hall tiled floors, staircases and panelling. Several of the rooms within the upper floors of the building were subdivided into individual apartments in the mid-20th century with larger rooms partitioned off into smaller bedrooms and attached en-suite bathrooms. This included the second floor where originally many the servants’ quarters would have been situated.

The building has extensive cellars at the east end with both internal and external access. The presence of what appears to be an earlier phase wall here may be the only surviving remains of the 18th century property that preceded the present house.

Woodview is a well-preserved and good example of a large, late Victorian villa which was built for a wealthy upper-middle class family. This survey has formed a lasting record of the building.

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Acknowledgements This project was commissioned by Aedifice Partnership, on behalf of Longprime Ltd, and Wessex Archaeology is grateful to Dan Wild, Associate Partner at Aedifice in this regard.

The advice and assistance of Maria Medlycott, Historic Environment Advisor at Place Services/Essex County Council, and Maria Kitts, Senior Conservation Officer at Epping Forest District Council, is gratefully acknowledged.

The site photography and analysis was undertaken by Bob Davis with the assistance of Rebecca Hall. This report was compiled by Bob Davis and the illustrations prepared by Grace Flood, Bob Davis and Nancy Dixon. The project was managed on behalf of Wessex Archaeology by Matt Rous.

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Woodview, Lambourne Road Chigwell Row, Essex

Historic building record

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project background 1.1.1 Wessex Archaeology (WA) was commissioned by Aedifice Partnership on behalf of Longprime Ltd (hereafter ‘the Client’), to produce a historic building record (HBR) of Woodview, a large, late Victorian villa situated on Lambourne Road, Chigwell Row, Essex, IG7 6HX, centred on National Grid Reference (NGR) 545775 192970.

1.1.2 Conditional planning permission (planning ref: EPF/2473/16) has been granted by Epping Forest District Council (EFDC) to demolish the existing 22 bedroom residential dwelling and associated three bedroom retirement dwelling and garages/outbuildings, and replace them with a new three-storey 72 bed care home and a three-storey block containing 25 retirement living apartments, together with 51 car parking spaces and landscaping.

1.1.3 Condition 21 relates to the historic environment:

Prior to the undertaking of any demolition or preliminary groundworks, details of a programme of historic building recording in accordance with a written scheme of investigation shall be submitted to the local planning authority for approval in writing. The development shall approve in accordance with the agreed details.

Reason:- In order that such features of importance can be recorded for the benefit of posterity, in accordance with the guidance contained within the National Planning Policy Framework and policy HC1 of the adopted Local Plan and Alterations.

1.1.4 The scope of the building recording has been confirmed in a detailed brief (Place Services/Essex County Council (ECC) 2017; Appendix 1) issued by Maria Medlycott, Historic Environment Advisor at Essex County Council (HEAECC). The brief states that a Level 3 (analytical) record of the building is required to satisfy the condition. Levels of record are set out in the Historic England (HE) document: Understanding Historic Buildings: A Guide to Good Recording Practice (Historic England 2016).

1.1.5 The historic building recording was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) (Wessex Archaeology 2017), which was submitted to and approved by the HEAECC in advance of the work.

1.2 Site location and description 1.2.1 Woodview is located within Chigwell Row on the south side of Lambourne Road and east of Lakeside Close (Figure 1). Chigwell Row is a hamlet situated approximately 2.3 km south-east of Chigwell village and immediately north of Hainault. It is currently within the urban district of Chigwell but was previously within the parish of Chigwell and in the latter half of the 19th century within the parish of Chigwell Row, which was briefly a separate entity.

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1.2.2 The house has an irregular plan form comprising a predominantly three-storey building constructed from red brick, with steeply pitched roofs clad in clay tile. The building faces north, set back approximately 45 m from Lambourne Road to the north and is accessed via a private driveway which branches along the north side of the house and opens into a yard on the east side. Brick gate piers and modern metal gates are set at the entrance to the property.

1.2.3 To the east of the main house there is a smaller, detached two-storey brick house, built in the latter half of the 20th century.

1.2.4 The surrounding site measures approximately 1.1 hectares in area. Besides the buildings, drive and yard already mentioned, the property is defined by extensive lawns which are surrounded by mature trees which seclude it from view on all four sides.

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Aims and objectives 2.1.1 The aims of the historic building recording excercise, as set out in the WSI, were

 To establish the character, history, dating, form and development of the building

 Provide a better understanding of the building (where possible within the confines of the works), compile a lasting record, analyse the findings/record and then disseminate the results. 2.1.2 The recording excercise was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for Level 3 recording as detailed in the document: Understanding Historic Buildings: A guide to good recording practice (HE 2016).

2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 The recording involved a combination of documentary research and metric and photographic surveys in order to produce the drawn, photographic and written record compiled in this report. The methodology is outlined in the approved WSI (Wessex Archaeology 2017) and is reproduced below for reference.

2.3 Documentary research 2.3.1 The information provided within the Woodview, Chigwell Heritage Statement (Purcell 2017) was considered comprehensive enough to inform an analytical record of the building. Therefore, no further documentary research was undertaken as part of this phase of works.

2.4 Photographic record 2.4.1 The photographic record comprised high-quality digital format colour photographs taken with a Canon EOS 5D MkIII full frame digital camera (with 21 megapixel capability). In addition, 35 mm black and white film taken with a Canon EOS 3 camera was used to photograph significant features and views only. All photography complied with HE guidance (HE 2015b and 2016).

2.4.2 A photographic scale of an appropriate size was included in all general and detailed views. The location and direction of photographic views were recorded on hard copies of the ‘as existing’ floor plan drawings. Accompanying photographic registers recorded, as a minimum, the direction of the view and a brief description of the subject and location.

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2.4.3 The full photographic record, together with annotated plans and photographic registers, form part of the project archive. Selected images from the photographic record have been used to illustrate the report (Plates 1-69). The report figures include plans showing the location of photographic plates used in the report.

2.5 Survey and drawn record 2.5.1 Measured building survey floor plans and elevations dated August 2017 (Datum Survey Service Ltd) were supplied in CAD (.dwg) form by the Client. These drawings were taken on site to be checked for accuracy and annotated with additional archaeological and architectural information, where necessary. All rooms and circulation areas including corridors and stairwells were assigned unique alpha numeric identifiers that are shown on the report plan figures. For example, the ground floor rooms were assigned ‘GF’ and ascending room numbers 1, 2, 3 etc. Ground floor corridor ‘GFC 1’, ground floor stairwell ‘GFSW 1’ etc. The first floor rooms ‘FF 1, 2, 3’ etc and second floor rooms ‘SF 1, 2, 3’ etc. The cellars were assigned ‘C’, the free standing garage ‘G’ and the detached house ‘H’. Hard copies of the drawn record were enhanced to appropriate standards (in line with HE 2016 guidelines) and presented in the report and project archive at an appropriate scale. The brief (Place Service/ECC 2017) specified a scale of 1:100.

2.5.2 A full list of sources is provided in the References section.

2.6 Record date 2.6.1 The on-site surveys of the Site were carried out between 29th August and 1st September 2017.

3 SOURCES OF EVIDENCE

3.1 Previous studies 3.1.1 A comprehensive Heritage Statement (Purcell 2017) was previously prepared for Woodview to assess the archaeological and historic potential of the Site.

4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 This section is largely taken from information in the Woodview, Chigwell: Heritage Statement (Purcell 2017) and the Brief for Historic Building Recording at Woodview, Lambourne Road, Chigwell (ECC 2017).

4.2 Chigwell Row 4.2.1 Chigwell Row has been a predominantly residential area for several centuries, with many residents having interests in London. It previously lay in close proximity to Hainault Forest, which prevented the settlement from developing an extensive agricultural base like other areas of Chigwell parish. In the 1850s the forest was condemned by an Act of Parliament as wasteland and most of it was destroyed.

4.2.2 The settlement follows a linear arrangement along Lambourne Road. Early building development was concentrated on the north side of Lambourne Road to the south of the junction with Gravel Lane, and Romford Road. One of the earliest surviving buildings in the parish is the Retreat, which dates from the 16th century and is now a café. There are also a number of 18th and 19th century villas constructed in the area, forming a disparate suburb. Listed buildings in Chigwell Row are primarily residential buildings loosely spread along

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Lambourne Road and date from the 17th to 19th centuries. The area south of Lambourne Road was common land with a few isolated dwellings. It has remained largely undeveloped.

4.3 Woodview - 18th century origins 4.3.1 Woodview is located towards the west end of the Chigwell Row settlement on the south side of Lambourne Road. There has been a dwelling on site since at least the late 18th century, depicted on the 1778 Chapman and Andre Map of Essex (not reproduced), although details of the building are unknown. It was located next to a windmill, mentioned in Philip Morant’s History and Antiquities of the County of Essex (1763 cited in Purcell 2017) as being the site of a well with medicinal qualities.

4.4 19th century development 4.4.1 The first reference to a house on the site, known as Woodlands, is a monument to John Wedderburn, of Woodlands, Chigwell Row dated 1820 within All Saints Church. This monument, dated 1820, commemorates the death of John Wedderburn, of Woodlands, Chigwell Row. He was outlived by his widow, who presumably continued to occupy the property (ERO A12773 Box 40, Chigwell C1214). By 1834, a notice had appeared in the Chelmsford Chronicle, advertising the sale of the house at auction, presumably signifying that Mrs Wedderburn had recently vacated or died. There is no record of who purchased the house (Chelmsford Chronicle 20/06/1834).

4.4.2 The 1839 Chigwell Tithe map (not reproduced) depicts a building, aligned on the east-west axis, with an apparent service range connected to the east end of the house, perpendicular to it. The adjacent windmill had been demolished by this time.

4.4.3 This earlier building on the site is depicted on the 1851 Enclosure Map of Chigwell Row and 1868-1872 Ordnance Survey maps (Figure 2A) and reveals that the house had maintained its plan form as shown in the 1839 Tithe map. Denoted ‘Woodlands’, the 1872 map depicts the house as principally rectangular in plan aligned east-west along its long axis with extensive rear ranges to the east that extend north and south. The property is situated within a large garden, with what appears to be a pond in the south-western corner. There are also several outbuildings which appear to be within the garden rather than the adjoining paddock.

4.4.4 Woodlands was sold several times between 1820 and the early 1880s. By February 1882, it was owned by Mr Philip Savill, J.P. who was part of the Messrs Savill Bros law firm and at some point was magistrate for West Ham. Savill had the original house demolished and erected a new one (the current building) in its place. The new house was designed by William Gibbs Bartlett of Brentwood (Essex Historic Environment Record cited in Essex County Council 2017). A terracotta date stone on the house dates the rebuilding to 1881, accompanied by the initials PS (for Philip Savill).

4.4.5 Similar to the building it replaced, the 1880s house is aligned on an east-west axis but its footprint is slightly different. On the 1896 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 2B), the main body of the new house is depicted as having a slightly larger western end with a reduced central section and wider eastern end with elongated service range in the south-east corner. Presumably a stable and carriage house is located to the east of the main house. It is an approximately rectangular or reverse ‘C’-plan building on a north-south axis and connected to the main house by a glazed rectangular plan building at its southern end, presumably a large conservatory, forming the south side of a large rear courtyard.

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4.4.6 In addition to rebuilding the house, the Savills appear to have made major alterations to the gardens. By 1896 (Figure 2B), the gardens had been extended eastwards to include the land formerly occupied by the mill. The gardens appear planted with trees, there are a series of paths laid out and a boat house was constructed on the former mill pond.

4.5 20th century development 4.5.1 Mr Savill continued to reside at Woodlands until his death in 1922 and the house continued to be occupied by his widow, Nina, until her own death in 1935. It was sold in 1936. The Ordnance Survey map of 1920 shows little change in the plan form of the house (Figure 2C). The only significant addition to the property is the free-standing garage building, to the south-east corner of the house indicating that the Savills, like other wealthy individuals, had invested in a motor car by this time.

4.5.2 After the house was sold in 1936, no record has been found of its occupants or use until the 1960s when the house was being used as a care home, although the 1951 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced) shows that the building was still called ‘Woodlands’ suggesting that it remained as a private residence by this time. It is denoted ‘High View (Home for the Aged)’ on the 1964 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 2D) indicating a change of use between 1951-64.

4.5.3 Although the footprint of the house appears the same in 1964, the conversion from private residence to care home involved the demolition of the eastern stable range and glasshouse along with some of the outbuildings to the south-east of the house which are still shown in 1951, but not by 1964. The gardens were re-divided into the plot around the house and the area of the former mill. It is likely that the interior of the building was also impacted by the change of use of the property.

4.5.4 Between 1973-4 the name of the care home was changed to ‘Woodview Elderly Person’s Home’. At this time, a planning application was granted for construction of a garage. In 1986 another application, submitted by the Leonard Cheshire Foundation, was granted for the construction of an elderly persons’ residence containing 14 flats. This new building is first shown on the 1990 Ordnance Survey map to the west of Woodview on the former mill land. In 1988 an application was granted to add an extension to Woodview, however no plans are attached to this record.

4.5.5 Planning permission was granted to convert Woodview back into a private residence in 1996. The application proposed to add an extension to the south side of the house and demolish some of the outbuildings to the east.

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5 BUILDING DESCRIPTION

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Woodview comprises a large detached Victorian villa of three storeys with an irregular plan form comprising three linked elements. To the west is a square plan high status range with grand entrance, staircase and large half-panelled rooms. The hierarchy descends from west - east along the building with the central part of the property characterised by a rectangular plan of less formal rooms, including, offices and servants’ quarters on the second floor; at the eastern end is the service range built on an irregular north south alignment consisting of the kitchens, stores and containing separate service stair (Figure 1).

5.1.2 Constructed during late 19th century in Gothic Revival style showing influences of the ‘Queen Anne’ movement, the building’s scale, massing, plan form, circulation and decoration reflect the established hierarchical order and characteristic style of the period, with distinct separation between the reception and family areas and the service areas. Within the exterior facades, these differences are more subtly portrayed in order to conceal the interior order. For clarity, the following descriptions are broken down into the separate elements that make up such a building starting with the exterior and then proceeding to each floor and circulation area.

5.2 Exterior 5.2.1 The principal front elevation of the building faces approximately north and is set back from the road approximately 50 m. This allowed for a gated entrance to the north with sweeping curved carriage entrance (Plates 1-2). The 1896 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 2B) shows that, originally, this was a circular carriage way passing from the gate to the main front door and curving back on itself. There was also provision for the access to enter the large courtyard on the east side of the house. The present brick gate piers appear to be original, constructed from similar red bricks as the main house and are topped with decorative stone balls. The original gate is missing but iron hinge pintles are still set in the piers.

5.2.2 The north elevation is defined by steep pitched roofs and gables over three storeys (Figure 3, Plate 3) and is constructed from well-made red brick in English bond on a brick plinth with moulded brick top. The high-status west end is symmetrical and of three bays, the central bay projecting slightly forward with deep projecting central porch. The stylised design of the front porch is in the Gothic Revival style with steep pitched roof and decorated barge boards similar to those on the main house. The small gable has mock timber framed detailing with panels of pargetting painted white in floral motives (Plate 4). The wide entrance doorway is supported on a brick plinth and formed from moulded timber framing with four centred arch and stained glass decorated spandrels. The side panels are more plainly decorated with square lead cames and plain glass. There are also similar pargetted panels at low level. The floor and front step are decorated with Minton tiles in geometric pattern and there are two side benches in the covered porch.

5.2.3 Internally, the porch reflects the Gothic styling with a brick door surround with four centred arch and moulded bricks. The timber framed front door has plain leaded panels around the door (Plate 5). The roof is supported by a series of rafters and high collars reflecting the Gothic styling.

5.2.4 The central section has a single deep recessed bay with a single-storey ground floor room with steep gable. To the east side is a three storey two bay structure with plain single sash windows. At the very east end is the single-storey service wing projecting forward of the main building.

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5.2.5 The gables retain their decorative barge boards and the roof is covered in plain red clay tiles. At eaves level there are both dentilated and moulded bricks. The main west range has two chimney stacks. Window openings are topped with hood mouldings, moulded reveals, rubbed brick flat arches and plain stone sills. The present sash windows are all fitted with plain glass.

5.2.6 The recessed bay has a roof dormer fitted with a casement window and, at first floor level, Three plain sash windows. The east section is also three storeys with asymmetrical double gable and plain sash windows. There are two chimneys to this section. They area both lateral stacks placed to the east and west sides. Due to the conversion of the upper rooms on the first and second floors into individual accommodation, modern waste pipes and drainage pipes have been fixed to the outside walling removing the original cleaner lines.

5.2.7 The symmetrical west elevation consists of three bays, two projecting two-storey bays and a central recessed bay (Figure 4, Plate 6). The central recessed bay is topped with a shaped or Dutch gable and, to the rear of this, two chimney stacks flank the gable. The two flanking bays have steep pitched gable roofs with decorated barge boards and wooden finials.

5.2.8 A classical order has been incorporated into the design with higher level ground floor windows than the first floor and the second floor set back with reduced windows. The recessed bay has a ground floor ‘garden door’ with moulded brick hood and flat arch with key. The first floor sash window also has a moulded brick hood flat arch and key motive. Below the stone window sill there is a moulded decorative panel of projecting bricks.

5.2.9 The two flanking bays are finished in a similar style with plain vertical sashes in moulded brick openings, moulded hoods, flat arches with keys and decorative brick panels below the sills.

5.2.10 The south elevation reflects the styling of the west elevation. Here, the design of central shaped or Dutch gable and flanking pitched gables is repeated, albeit over a longer distance (Figure 3). Three projecting bays consist of a central bay with shaped or ‘Dutch gable’ similar to that on the west elevation. The two flanking projecting bays have steep pitched gables similar to those on the west elevation (Plates 7-8). The fenestration of the south elevation is largely similar to the west and the floor levels are continued at the same heights. Several dormer windows are located along the south roof slope to illuminate the interior rooms on the second floor.

5.2.11 The central projecting bay is designed differently between the ground and first floors (Plate 9). The ground floor forms a canted bay, the windows, window hoods and decorative panels below the stone sills are all the same design as those on the west elevation. At first floor level the projection is a standard square bay effectively forming an oriel. In order for the upper bay to be supported there is a moulded brick corbel separating it from the bay below. It is further embellished with a terracotta plaque between the floor levels to the front.

5.2.12 Further decorative detailing on this elevation included a relief consisting of moulded brick corbel and moulded brick pediment (Figure 3, Plate 10). In the centre is a terracotta circular plaque with three cherubs. The theme of the plaque referred to the garden it faces with each of the cherubs carrying out agricultural tasks including digging of the soil, spreading seeds and harvesting wheat sheaves.

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5.2.13 The south door entrance is also elaborately decorated (Figure 3, Plate 11). Unlike the main north entrance, the south door is set in a recessed porch with moulded brick surround and Minton tile porch floor. Over the entrance is a curved and moulded hood.

5.2.14 At the east end is the single-storey service wing (Figure 3, Plate 12), which is defined by a series of conjoined brick built elements under plain red clay tiles and varying pitched roof heights. Some of these buildings reflect the appearance of main house and retain some level of decoration around window openings. The south-east element may well have been the scullery where laundry was undertaken. This building lacks any decorative embellishments and, a single chimney stack projects through the pitched roof at the south end.

5.2.15 The east end of the building lacks symmetry and faces onto the large open yard to the east (Figure 5, Plate 13). When viewed from the east yard area the low level service buildings with their various ridge heights are largely dominated by the main building to the west. Several apparent changes have taken place along the east side of the building. The present kitchen building appears to have had new windows inserted and the present steps leading to the eat corridor are also modern.

5.2.16 Overlooking the yard and located high up on the main buildings largest east gable is a moulded brick plaque with moulded brick hood depicting the date 1881 and the monogram ‘PS’ (Figure 5, Plate 14). The letters stand for Philip Savill, the owner and builder of the house. The date refers to the construction of the house.

5.3 Interior - West cellar 5.3.1 There are two cellars to the building, a west cellar located along the south centre and mainly under GF6 and an east cellar separated from the west and under the east side of GF6. (Figure 6).

5.3.2 Access to the west cellar is through a doorway on the west side of the ground floor south entrance hall (H1) and down a narrow flight of stone steps (CSW 1), (Figure 6, Plates 15- 16). An access passage (C1) runs east-west directly under the main ground floor corridor (GFC1) and provides access to a large room fitted out with brick storage shelves (C4). The passage is blocked at the east end by a brick wall of 20th century engineering bricks. (Plate 17). It would have originally extended into the present east half of the cellar. Most of the west cellar walls have been painted white. The cellar has a shallow vaulted roof with many modern services running along its length and there are flagstones across the entire floor. The north and south walls of C1 appear to be constructed differently, the north wall is laid in English bond and the south wall is a mixture of bonds (Plate 18).

5.3.3 At the west end of the cellar, there is a narrow door and a small flight of steps giving restricted access to the underfloor area of the west end of the building (Plate 19). Although not fully surveyed, the brickwork seen in this area is not painted and shows two distinct types and may suggest that part of the cellar walling is from an earlier building. A short section of north wall is founded on a stepped foundation and is constructed in pale red bricks (Plate 20). The south wall is painted and not clear enough to determine the nature of the bricks. This wall also has step foundations. The vaulted roof in this area is constructed from characteristic yellow coloured London stock bricks. Further to the west the ground floor appeared to be supported of a series of free-standing brick piers each constructed in London stock bricks.

5.3.4 It appears likely that parts of the earlier building shown on the Tithe and 1868-72 Ordnance Survey map (Figure 2A) are still to be found under the present building. The existing ground 8 Doc ref 118110.1 Issue 1, September 2017

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floor appears to be raised on late 19th century piers and, when the earlier building was demolished, some of the foundations and even the general lower sections of cellar appear to have been retained in the new build.

5.3.5 Along the north wall in C1 are two open square hatches (Figure 6, Plate 17). On the north side of the hatches is further evidence of ground floor supporting walls and vaulted arching all constructed in yellow London stock bricks relating to the present building (Plate 21).

5.3.6 Room C4 (Figure 6) has been fitted out with brick and slate storage bins to both sides (Plates 22-23).The ceiling is mostly brick vaulting but there is some cast concrete on the east side of C4. The present plan from of the cellar would seem to reflect the ground floor plan form of room GF6 with a small room projection (C5) sitting under the south bay window at ground floor level. Further cellar storage is provided by rooms C2 and C3 (Figure 6).

5.3.7 The eastern half of the cellar spans the entire north-south width of the building and has two exterior stepped entrances on the north and south sides (Figure 6). The south entrance is via a flight of external steps against the outside of room GF4 (Plate 24). At the base of the steps (Figure 6, C6) the entrance turns north and through a double door with brick arch over (Plate 25). Behind the door is a continuous passage (C7) leading to the north entrance (C10). The passage is floored with stone flags and the walls are constructed from similar bricks as seen in the west cellar. The walls are all painted white and have brick vaulted ceilings. At the south end of C7 there is the brick foundation of the chimney that passes up and through GF6 (Plate 25).

5.3.8 Further north, along C7 the passageway turns west into C8 (Figure 6). Originally this would have connected with the passageway C1 in the west half of the cellar. To the east room C9 has a cast concrete flat ceiling and is fitted out with the buildings modern gas central heating system. There are four wall hatchways in the east wall of C9, similar to those in the west cellar C1 passage. These give access to the under floor area at the east end of the building and consist of London stock brick supporting walls and brick vaulted roofs (Plate 27).

5.3.9 At the north end of passageway C7 is the north entrance to the cellar (Figure 6). The exterior entrance is down a narrow flight of steps that appears to have been altered and narrowed recently (Plate 28). There is a concrete roof cast over the entrance supported partly on 20th century walling.

5.4 Interior - west end 5.4.1 The ground floor plan and circulation can be described in three basic sections. At the west end is the principal main entrance and high status large rooms and main stairs (Figure 7). The centre section contains lesser rooms and the service stair. The east end of the building housed the kitchens, storage rooms and laundry. The present decoration is late 19th century styling with some original features. Many areas have been re-decorated in the mid- 20th century including wall panelling, ceilings and floors.

5.4.2 The main entrance has a vestibule G13 (Figure 7). This is decorated with geometric design Minton tiled floor and a large glazed oak screen with double doors. At high level stained glass panels are set into quatrefoil panels, the other glazed panels are of plain rectangular leaded panels (Plates 29-30). These features are considered to be original features.

5.4.3 The main entrance hall GF11 is a large reception area providing an impression befitting the status of the house (Plates 31-32). Decorated in the late 19th century style with panelled ceiling and wall panelling. The original hall fireplace is still in-situ and is a fine example of the Gothic Revival style with highly colourful glazed tile surround and hearth (Plate 33). 9 Doc ref 118110.1 Issue 1, September 2017

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5.4.4 The grand staircase (GFSW1) is divided off the hall by a double stone arch supported on marble columns (Plate 34). It is set within a square atrium rising through two floors with lantern roof above and large stone framed mullioned window in the east all providing natural light. The double quarter landing stairs have turned balusters and closed string steps with wide curtail steps at the bottom.

5.4.5 The ground floor has five high status reception rooms (GF10, GF12, GF14, GF15 and GF16, Figure 6). These are arranged around the west and south sides. The two principal rooms would appear to be on the south side (GF10 and GF16) and in the north-west corner a small garden room and reception room (GF15 and GF14). The north-east corner is occupied by a small room (GF12) which probably served as a reception room.

5.4.6 Room GF10 has the ground floor canted bay window with stained glass upper panels. The floor is timber boarding and the wall panelling is oak. The ceiling is decorated with angle square open panels of moulded timber. There is no ceiling rose and the ceiling décor may be modern (Plate 35). The ornate timber fire surround may be original, the overmantel has a central mirror with bevelled glass (Plate 36). The present fireplace is a modern replacement. It is possible that there was originally a door access from the main hall GF11 into the north-west corner of this room. Joins in the wall panelling may suggest an infilled opening (Figure 7).

5.4.7 Room GF16 occupies the south-west corner and is lit by two tall bay windows (Figure 7, Plate 37). It is decorated in similar style to GF10 with softwood ceiling open panels and softwood wall panels to match in style that in GF10. This may be a modern feature. The fire surround is in oak and may be original, the fireplace a modern replacement (Plate 38). The ground floor doors to the high status chambers are all in oak and are fitted into oak fames and recessed architraves. They all appear to have been hung on new brass hinges and may therefore be modern replacements (Plate 39).

5.4.8 Room GF15 is a small heated room on the west side of the building (Figure 7, Plate 40). This room has double garden doors leading out to this side of the building. The opening is original as the brickwork on the exterior west elevation is correct. However, the existing doors and stained glass panels appear to be modern. The skirting boards, dado rail and picture rail are all in softwood and the fire surround is ok but fitted with a modern fireplace and hearth

5.4.9 Room GF14 is a well-lit room in the north-west corner (Figure 7). This is decorated in a similar fashion to GF15 with softwood wooden decoration and modern fireplace (Plate 41).

5.4.10 Room GF12 was last used as an office and was fitted out in modern panelling (Figure 7, Plate 42). The room did not have a fireplace. It is likely that the original fireplace was in the east wall as a chimney stack rises up in this location to the floors above. This has been blocked and covered with the existing panelling.

5.5 Interior - central area 5.5.1 The central area is divided into north and south sides of a central service corridor running along the main east-west axis of the building. This key communication feature provided discrete access from the service are at the east end to the high status rooms at the west end (Figure 7). At the west end a door severed one from the other in order to maintain the social divide. The flooring is wooden parquet and the side wall are panelled to dado level (Plate 43). The corridor also provided access to the slightly lower order rooms in the central section.

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5.5.2 A series of rooms along the north side have been significantly altered from their original form (Figure 7). Room GF18 has been converted into a small apartment with a bathroom (GF19) at the east end. A modern lift shaft and partition to GF7 has further altered the ground plan of this area.

5.5.3 The original service stair is located at the east end of the corridor and on the north side (GFSW2, Figure 7). This plainly decorated feature was designed to give staff access to the upper floors without disturbing the western end of the house. From here, it was possible to access the main bedrooms for cleaning and tending the fire places etc and to the servant’s quarters on the second floor (Plate 44). This modest dog-leg stair is fitted with plain balusters and turned newel post. To protect the side walls from damage caused by maids carrying items from the upper bedrooms they are lined with plain timber wainscoting.

5.5.4 The south side of the service corridor has also been altered. A modern bathroom has been installed within a small ante room GF9 (Figure 7). This has been formed form an internal entrance hall (H2) which has an entrance into the north corner of GF10. The small entrance hall has a mosaic floor design in the Roman style with floral border and rosettes, the north wall of the bathroom GF9 has been constructed on top of the mosaic (Plate 45).

5.5.5 The south entrance hall (H1, Figure 7) has a matching floor design of Roman styled mosaic (Plate 46). From this entrance hall there is the access to the west side of the cellar.

5.5.6 Room GF6 appears to be of formal proportions and fitted with a bay window (Figure 7).There is a fireplace at the east end. Given its proximity to the kitchen it may have originally been used as the dining room (Plate 47). There is an ante room (GF4) on the east side of GF6. The purpose of this room is unclear as it has been redecorated and it has no existing chimney (Plate 48). The room has a high vaulted ceiling with the feet of the roof trusses showing. It may have been use as a food serving room between the kitchen (GF5) and the dining room (GF6). It may have also been used as servant’s dining room. The decoration is similar to the other rooms with panelling to dado height and decorative door frames.

5.6 Interior - east end 5.6.1 The existing kitchen (GF5) area is a modern version with new windows and fittings (Figure 7). Given its location and the connection it has to the rooms to the west it is possible that it formed part of the service functions and possible food preparation. This is not certain.

5.6.2 The south-east wing of the building is occupied by a long single storey attached building (GF17) with a chimney stack at the south end (Figure 7). Its original function is uncertain but it may be the scullery. Connected as it is with the service end of the building, dirty laundry and clothes washing required its own building. It is therefore possible that it was originally used as the laundry. It is plainly decorated and, ironically, at the time of the survey, was last used as a laundry (Plate 49).

5.6.3 In the north-east corner of the east service range is a large room most recently used as a games room (GF2) (Figure 7). This vaulted room is well lit by three tall windows at the east end and is decorated in modern oak panelling (Plate 50). At the west end the panelling has been built over an original chimney ( Plate 51). This room may have originally served as a servants hall. Built onto the north side of this large room is a small with a vaulted ceiling (GF3) (Figure 7). Its original function is unclear as it has now been converted into staff toilets and ante room.

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5.6.4 There is an east doorway at the east end of the ground floor service room (GF1) (Figure 7). Although the existing steps are entirely modern, it is assumed that this opening is original and would have given access to the east yard.

5.7 First floor interior - west end 5.7.1 The first floor of the house largely reflects the circulation pattern established on the ground floor and also maintains the order of high status rooms and service areas (Figure 8). As a result of the bui8ldings conversion into residential care home in the 20th century, much of the organisation of this floor retains this recent organisation and features. Little remains of original late 19th century fixtures or fittings.

5.7.2 The main staircase rises to a long east-west carpeted landing, oak panelled along its entire length (Plate 52). To the west are the high status main bedrooms which are accessed through a symbolic set of three stone arches matching the style of the arches on the ground floor (Plate 53). Above the stair atrium is an illuminated lantern with stained glass decoration (Plate 54).

5.7.3 The landing then opens out to a large central area (FF2) (Figure 8). This space is dominated by a free-standing stair leading to the second floor level (Plate 55).The wooden staircase may not be original as it passes up to the second floor low-status rooms directly from the high status west end. The service stair at the east end also rises to the second floor and would serve this level adequately. The north end of the landing are (FF2) is also unusual as it has a blocked chimney in the east wall (Figure 8). This chimney may have heated the landing area but, equally, it may have heated a north chamber, the south wall of which, has been subsequently removed (Plate 56).

5.7.4 The general 19th century layout of bedrooms at the west end remains. However, due to the partitioning of the larger rooms into individual apartments in the 20th century, this has led to a re-organising of door entrances. The introduction of safer cleaner central heating at this time has also meant that all of the fireplaces are blocked and original surrounds removed. The north rooms FF1 and FF3 are small and may have been used for nursery or children’s bedrooms (Figure 8). The present décor is modern but the cornice and window frames are probably original (Plate 57).

5.7.5 The 19th century south-west corner bedroom (FF5) has been sub-divided with a modern bathroom (FF6) formed at the east end (Figure 8, Plates 58-59). What was possibly the master bedroom of the 19th century house is now divided into rooms FF7 and FF8 (Figure 8). This largest of all of the bedrooms had a single chimney centrally placed in the north wall (Figure 8).This feature is now blocked and a north-south partition wall constructed to form two apartments. The present doorways into FF5 and FF7 are probably a modern layout.

5.8 First floor interior - east end 5.8.1 As with the arrangement on the ground floor, the high-status west end is deliberately separated from the service east end by an arched doorway on the first floor. It is possible that a door was originally located here as social exclusion meant that the house servants would have been seen by the owner as little as possible (See Plate 52). The present open archway may be a modern feature in order to provide continuous circulation to this part of the first floor.

5.8.2 The corridor (FFC1) (Figure 8) has three larger rooms on the south side (FF9, FF10 and FF11). Room FF9 is very small and may have been a linen room. There is direct access to

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the east end of FF8 from the service corridor. This is probably an original access as maids would enter the room from the discrete service corridor without the need to be seen along the formal landing. Room FF10 is also a modestly sized room while room FF11, in the south- east corner of the service end, is slightly larger. The present partition between FF10 and FF11 is offset around the existing bay window (Figure 8). This may be a mid-20th century feature and part of the re-organising of the rooms.

5.8.3 The internal door surround of room FF11 is possibly original. It is the only surround of its type in the whole building and consisted of a fluted surround with square upper corner panels (Plate 60). The simple moulded decoration of the door surround also denotes the status of this end of the building.

5.8.4 In order to provide some illumination to the service corridor there are windows in the north wall (Plate 61). In the north-east corner of the service end are the service stairs and a further sub-divided room (FFSW2) and (FF14-FF13-FF12) (Figure 8). The service stair is a continuation of the ground floor stair and provided access from the ground floor to the first and second floors From here it was possible for room maids to discretely access the private bedrooms to the east without being seen (Plate 62).

5.8.5 The two rooms on the north side of the stair (FF12-13 and FF14) may have been originally small servants rooms. FF14 has been altered to house the modern lift shaft and the original room to the north of the service stair has been divided into two bathrooms.

5.9 Second floor interior 5.9.1 The second floor of the building is formed largely within the roof space. The tall pitched roof allowed for the creation of a low status rooms with vaulted ceilings at this level. A house of such size would have required several live-in servants that would need sleeping accommodation. As elsewhere in the house, a hierarchy would have been observed as amongst the servants there would have been distinct levels of rank, with the butler at the head followed by a house keeper, head gardener, cooks, maid servants, boot boys and sub-gardeners. Several of these personnel would likely have been accommodated on the second floor with the more senior servants having their own rooms and the junior ranks sharing in larger rooms or dormitories.

5.9.2 Due to the second floor being converted into individual apartments in the mid-20th century, it appears that some of the room layouts have been modified with larger, possibly dormitory areas reduced by the introduction of stud partitions. However, the window openings at this level provide evidence that the attic second floor still retains much of its original layout (Figure 9).

5.9.3 Above the west end, the second floor landing (SF2) is accessed via the free-standing staircase from the first floor (Plate 63). From here the small rooms at the north end of the west end can be accessed. These rooms (SF1, SF3 and SF4) are modestly decorated, each with small sash windows (Plate 64). Larger second floor bedrooms are located in the south-west corner (SF5) (Figure 9). This room may have been a dormitory and is lit by paired sash windows in the west gable and a single arched sash window in a south dormer projection (Plate 65). There is also a small stained glass roof light in the south-east corner of the room, although this may not be an original feature.

5.9.4 The remaining second floor rooms (SF 6-11) are very similar and plainly decorated. At the east end the service stairs reach the second floor (Figure 9). This maintained the separation from the west end of the building. It is unlikely that maid servants would have been permitted to use the formal stair at the west end. 13 Doc ref 118110.1 Issue 1, September 2017

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5.10 Garage 5.10.1 Historic mapping shows that the free-standing garage to the east of the house was constructed after 1896 and before 1920 (see Figure 2). It seems highly likely that by this time, the Savills had acquired a motor car to replace or compliment their standard horse drawn carriage.

5.10.2 The garage is constructed from pale red bricks laid in Flemish bond with a flat roof and bull- nosed bricks on the north-east corner and original door openings the (Plate 67). The main garage entrance faces east and was originally of double door width. The east entrance has subsequently been reduced to a single width with the south side being bricked-up. The plan form of the garage is divided into two spaces (Figure 10). The larger of the two would have garaged the vehicle or vehicles and, in the south-west corner a small store or workshop is located. This has a small window in the south wall.

5.10.3 On the west side there are two door openings, The north door provides access to the large interior space of the garage and the south door into the workshop/store (Plate 68). The interior of the main garage is presently used as a store. The present large timber door on the east elevation is ledged and braced and hung on large iron strap hinges which suggests it may be original (Plate 69).

6 DISCUSSION

6.1 Woodview in its wider context 6.1.1 Woodview comprises a substantial late Victorian villa which was designed and constructed for a wealthy middle class gentleman and his family. The property is a large and well- preserved example of Gothic Revival architecture in the ‘Queen Anne’ style that predominated during the late 19th century, and it displays numerous characteristics and features that can be typically found on several other properties of the period. Such large villas became more common during the mid-late 19th century with the rise of the affluent and influential middle classes.

6.1.2 Increasingly during the mid-late 19th century, those with money, a good education, a skilled job and a desire to demonstrate their wealth and success looked away from the cramped old Georgian terraces in the unhealthy centres of polluted towns and cities. Instead, they were attracted to new opportunities for living on the edge of the urban area where reasonable access to the rapidly growing railway network still allowed them access to the workplace. The large suburban houses or villas they constructed comprised a variety of building types and sizes depending on whether they were aimed at lawyers, managers and doctors or other professionals.

6.1.3 Chigwell Row appears to have been a respectable middle class area in the late 19th century with an examination of the 1896 Ordnance Survey map showing six other large houses along, or adjacent to, Lambourne Road. The map shows Forest House, Bowls, Montfort House, The Orchard, White Hall and Crosby House were all located within 1 km of Woodlands. Not all of these properties were constructed in the late 19th century (Forest House was constructed in the early 19th century) and none of them matched the scale of Woodview, however it shows a concentration of large residences and wealth concentrated in a small area. The majority of these houses have disappeared to be replaced with smaller housing developments during the 20th century.

6.1.4 The growth of the suburban villa represented the middle class’s aspiration to appear respectable and at the same time to be separated from the lower classes who were

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contained within the towns and cities. For larger houses, brick and stone walls with decorated or plain capped pillars either side of a gated entrance made a prominent statement about the owner’s desire for peace and privacy, with the high walls and gates masked by rhododendrons and exotic trees. Inside, a visitor to the property might be kept waiting in the hall, where a chair was a common piece of furniture, the rooms leading off being principally the private domain of the family, with the servants equally segregated at the rear (Yorke 2007).

6.1.5 The large suburban villas of the late Victorian period became larger still in this period, to accommodate new service rooms, additional bedrooms, a nursery and, in some properties, a plumbed-in bathroom. In the suburbs and countryside, large new houses spread out and nestled into the landscape rather than dominating it, hiding behind a curtain of foliage to protect privacy (Ibid.).

6.1.6 The architects of this new generation of exclusive houses had to allow for improved conditions for servants and a more hierarchical structure. They provided halls for dining with separate rooms for the housekeeper and butler. As the servants were kept further from sight than before, their rooms typically had to be placed in larger rear extensions or in upper storeys, as basement rooms were frowned upon owing to increasing health concerns. The family living in larger houses would expect a main dining room and separate breakfast or morning room, a library for the master and, in some, even a billiards or smoking room, with perhaps the dining room and library overlooking the rear garden (Ibid.). The exotic plants demanded by wealthy middle class families required suitable housing, so conservatories, such as that shown at Woodview on the Ordnance Survey mapping in 1896 and 1920, would have been fashionable features.

6.1.7 The architecture on show at Woodview is consistent with late 19th century Gothic Revival and particularly the ‘Queen Anne’ style which, whilst remaining true to the spirit of the Gothic Revival, also looked back to the domestic classicism of the late 17th century.

6.1.8 The ‘Queen Anne’ revival style was first seen prominently in Lowther Lodge on Kensington Gore, Westminster (1874-5) designed by Richard Norman Shaw. Its materials - plain brick walls relieved by white-painted joinery - were modest, but the detail of the decoration in the best houses was exquisite, with fine cut-and-rubbed brickwork, deeply undercut timber mouldings, and complex patterns in the window joinery. Once again, in speculative housing it was the superficial elements of the façade that were updated, with carved brick ‘aprons’ under the windows, terracotta panels of sunflowers and the and the upper sashes of the windows subdivided into multiple panes.

6.2 Conclusion 6.2.1 As discussed above, Woodview fits well into the established model of a late 19th century Gothic Revival villa of the ‘Queen Anne’ style, which was designed and constructed for a wealthy upper middle class family and laid out along the rigid hierarchical and social lines that were established at the time. The house is set in what appears to have been a respectable suburban area, set back from the road and secluded amidst landscaped gardens.

6.2.2 While Woodview is almost entirely of one phase of construction, the house was built on the site of an earlier, likely 18th century house, which appears broadly similar in scale and orientation on historic mapping. There is some evidence that part of the basement of this earlier house was retained in the present cellar.

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6.2.3 Internally, many of the original decorative features were removed during the 20th century when the house was converted into a care home, although several remain. The surviving plan form and circulation of the interior remains clearly legible, reflecting the characteristic hierarchy and prestige of a large, late Victorian house.

6.2.4 The programme of photography, survey and analysis has ensured that a lasting record of this substantial late Victorian property has been documented for posterity prior to its demolition.

7 STORAGE AND CURATION

7.1 Archive 7.1.1 The recording of Woodview has produced a drawn, written and photographic archive which is currently held at Wessex Archaeology’s Salisbury office under the project code 118110. It has been given the accession code CHGW17 by Place Services/ECC. The complete Site archive including digital data and paper records will be prepared following the standard conditions for the acceptance of archaeological material and in general following nationally recommended guidelines (CIfA 2014; Brown 2011; ADS 2013). Any relevant archive will fully conform to the standards for deposition required and will be deposited with Epping Forest District Museum in due course.

7.2 Copyright 7.2.1 The full copyright of the written/illustrative archive relating to the site will be retained by Wessex Archaeology under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved. The Client will be licenced to use each report for the purposes that it was produced in relation to the project as described in the specification. The Epping Forest District Museum however, will be granted an exclusive licence for the use of the archive for educational purposes, including academic research, providing that such use shall be non- profitmaking, and conforms to the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003.

7.2.2 Information relating to the project will be deposited with the Historic Environment Record (HER) where it can be freely copied without reference to WA for the purposes of archaeological research or Development Control within the planning process.

7.2.3 This document, the report and the project archive may contain material that is non-Wessex Archaeology copyright (e.g. Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which Wessex Archaeology are able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences, but for which copyright itself is non-transferable by Wessex Archaeology. Users remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of such material.

7.3 Security copy 7.3.1 In line with current best practice (e.g. Brown 2011), on completion of the project a security copy of the written records will be prepared, in the form of a digital PDF/A file. PDF/A is an ISO-standardised version of the Portable Document Format (PDF) designed for the digital preservation of electronic documents through omission of features ill-suited to long-term archiving.

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8 REFERENCES

8.1 Bibliography ADS 2013 Caring for Digital Data in Archaeology: a guide to good practice. Archaeology Data Service & Digital Antiquity Guides to Good Practice

Brown, D H 2011 Archaeological Archives: a guide to best practice in creation, compilation, transfer and curation (revised edition). Archaeological Archives Forum

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists [CIfA] 2014a Standard and guidance for archaeological investigation and recording of standing buildings or structures. Reading, CIfA

CIfA 2014b Standard and Guidance for the Creation, Compilation, Transfer and Deposition of Archaeological Archives. Reading, CIfA

CIfA 2014c Code of Conduct. Reading, CIfA

CIfA 2014d Regulations for Professional Conduct. Reading, CIfA

Essex County Council (ECC) 2017 Brief for Historic building recording at Woodview, Lambourne Road, Chigwell

Historic England 2015a Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers’ Guide. Swindon, Historic England

Historic England 2015b Digital Image Capture and File Storage: Guidelines for Best Practice

Historic England 2016 Understanding Historic Buildings: A guide to good recording practice

Purcell 2017 Woodview, Chigwell: Heritage Statement

SMA 1995 Towards an Accessible Archaeological Archive. Society of Museum Archaeologists

Wedd, K. 2002 The Victorian Society Book of The Victorian House. Aurum Press

Wessex Archaeology 2017 Woodview Lambourne Road Chigwell Essex Written Scheme of Investigation for Historic Building Recording. Unpublished client report reference T23543.04

Yorke, T. 2007 The Victorian House Explained. England’s Living History, Countryside Books

8.2 Cartographic sources (purchased from Promap) 1868-72 Ordnance Survey map 25 inch 1896 Ordnance Survey 25 inch 1920 Ordnance Survey 25 inch 1964 Ordnance Survey 25 inch

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Site 545700 545800 Drain

193000

Garage

Woodview

192900

0 50 m

Ordnance Survey (c) CrownDigital data reproducedCopyright from Ordnance 2017. Survey All datarights © Crown reserved. Copyright 2017 AllLicence rights reserved. number Reference Number:100022432 100022432. 1 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2017. number and direction of plate This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction. Date: 19/09/2017 Revision Number: 0 Coordinate system: OSGB36 Scale: 1:25,0000 & 1:1000 @A4 Illustrator: KJF/ND (OSTN15/OSGM15) Path: X:\PROJECTS\118110\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\HBR\2017_09_19\118110_HBR.dwg

Site location Figure 1 Site Site

A. 1868-1872 Ordnance Survey map B. 1896 Ordnance Survey map

Site

C. 1920 Ordnance Survey map D. 1964 Ordnance Survey map

Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0 Coordinate system: 0 50 m OSGB36 (OSTN15/OSGM15) Scale: 1:1250 @ A3 Illustrator: ND Reproduced from the 1862-72, 1896, 1920 and 1963-69 Ordnance Survey maps. This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. No unauthorised reproduction. Path: X:\PROJECTS\118110\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\HBR\2017_09_19\118110_HBR.dwg

Historic map regression Figure 2

Plate 1: Entrance to Woodview showing 19th century gate piers

Plate 2: Remains of 19th century entrance driveway

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 1 & 2 Plate 3: Woodview north elevation

Plate 4: Woodview north porch

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 3 & 4 Plate 5: Woodview interior of north porch

Plate 6: Woodview west elevation

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 5 & 6 Plate 7: Woodview west end of south elevation

Plate 8: Woodview east end of south elevation

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 7 & 8 Plate 9: Woodview south elevation central bay projection Plate 10: Woodview decorative wall feature showing first floor oriel

Date: 20/01/2016 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 9 & 10

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Path: X:\PROJECTS\118110\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\HBR\2017_09_19\118110_Plates.cdr Plate 11: Woodview main south porch

Plate 12: Woodview south-east service wing and possible scullery

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 11 & 12 Plate 13: Woodview east elevation

Plate 14: Woodview commemorative owners plaque

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Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 13 & 14 Plate 15: West cellar entrance

Plate 16: West cellar stone steps

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Plates 15 & 16 Plate 17: West cellar room C1 looking east to blocking wall also showing wall hatches to the left

Plate 18: West cellar room C1 looking west showing different brick bond to side walls

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Plates 17 & 18 Plate 19: West cellar room C1 doorway and steps at west end

Plate 20: West cellar west end floor space showing possible earlier wall to right of image on step foundation

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Plates 19 & 20 Plate 21: West cellar view into north wall hatch showing London stock brick supporting walls and vaulting

Plate 22: West cellar room C4 storage bins

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Plates 21 & 22 Plate 23: West cellar room C4 storage bins

Plate 24: East cellar south exterior entrance steps

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Plates 23 & 24 Plate 25: East cellar main south entrance door

Plate 26: East cellar C7 showing passage and arched chimney foundation

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Plates 25 & 26 Plate 27: East cellar C9 voids under floor at east end of building viewed from wall hatchway

Plate 28: East cellar north exterior entrance

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Plates 27 & 28 Plate 29: Vestibule floor decoration G13

Plate 30: Vestibule wooden screen G13

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Plates 29 & 30 Plate 31: Ground floor entrance hall

Plate 32: Ground floor entrance hall

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Plates 31 & 32 Plate 33: Entrance hall 19th century fireplace

Plate 34: Main staircase

Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 33 & 34 Plate 35: Room GF10 interior

Plate 36: Room GF10 original wooden fire surround and overmantel

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Plates 35 & 36 Plate 37: Room GF16 interior

Plate 38: Room GF 16 softwood panelling, ceiling and modern fireplace

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Plates 37 & 38 Plate 39: Room GF16 typical ground floor oak door

Plate 40: Room GF15 garden room interior

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Plates 39 & 40 Plate 41: Room GF14 interior

Plate 42: Room GF12 modern panelled interior

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Plates 41 & 42 Plate 43: Ground floor service corridor GFC1 Plate 44: Ground floor service stair

Date: 20/01/2016 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 43 & 44

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Path: X:\PROJECTS\118110\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\HBR\2017_09_19\118110_Plates_2.cdr Plate 45: Ground floor hall 2 mosaic floor, modern bathroom wall on top

Plate 46: South entrance hall floor mosaic

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Plates 45 & 46 Plate 47: Possible dining room GF6. Kitchen and serving room through doors

Plate 48: Room GF4

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Plates 47 & 48 Plate 49: Room GF17 possible laundry

Plate 50: Games room GF2

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Plates 49 & 50 Plate 51: Games room GF2 panelling built over original fireplace

Plate 52: Main stair window and service landing with service corridor beyond archway

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Plates 51 & 52 Plate 53: First floor landing

Plate 54: Stained lantern above stair atrium

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Plates 53 & 54 Plate 55: First floor landing area FF2 free-standing stair

Plate 56: First floor landing area FF2 blocked chimney

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Plates 55 & 56 Plate 57: First floor room FF3 typical modern decor

Plate 58: First floor bedroom FF5

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Plates 57 & 58 Plate 59: First floor modern bathroom FF6. Blocked chimney on left

Plate 60: First floor room FF11 original door surround

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Plates 59 & 60 Plate 61: First floor service corridor viewed from east Plate 62: First floor east service stair

Date: 20/01/2016 Revision Number: 0

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Plates 61 & 62

Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Path: X:\PROJECTS\118110\Graphics_Office\Rep figs\HBR\2017_09_19\118110_Plates_2.cdr Plate 63: Second floor landing west end

Plate 64: Second floor typical interior of servant's room

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Plates 63 & 64 Plate 65: Second floor room SF5

Plate 66: Second floor service stair

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Plates 65 & 66 Plate 67: Exterior view of early 20th century garage

Plate 68: West side of garage door openings

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Plates 67 & 68 Plate 69: Garage main door entrance

Date: 20/09/2017 Revision Number: 0

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Plate 69 wessex archaeology

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