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THE HARLEYS OP BRAI4PT0N BRYAN and the ORIGINS and OUTBREAK OP the FIRST CIVIL WAR. Thesis Submitted F

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THE HARLEYS OP BRAI4PT0N BRYAN and the ORIGINS and OUTBREAK OP the FIRST CIVIL WAR. Thesis Submitted F PERCEPTIONS AND BELIEFS : THE HARLEYS OP BRAI4PT0N BRYAN AND THE ORIGINS AND OUTBREAK OP THE FIRST CIVIL WAR. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts, London University. Jacqueline Susan Levy. Bedford College, 1983* ProQuest Number: 10098462 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10098462 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The Harleys were the only major Herefordshire gentry family to give their committed support to Parliament in 1642. The personal papers of both Sir Robert Harley and his wife, Lady Brilliana, allow a detailed study of the modes of thought which led the Harleys to oppose the King. The Harleys were guided primarily by their religious beliefs. They were puritans, who hoped that the Long Parliament would undertake sweeping Church reforms, and they perceived the trar* as a struggle by the godly for true religion. The Harleys* stand in the l64Ds was directly linked to their anti­ pathy towards Arminianism. Sir Robert’s fear that the Arminians would subvert the State and Church to Catholicism is evident in his speeches in the 1628 Parliament. By I64I the Harleys believed that only the abolition of episcopacy could rid the Church of Arminian and Catholic influences. Before I64O the Harleys’ puritanism had not entailed overt political opposition to the Crown, as is illustrated by Sir Robert’s parliamentary career in the l620s and by his achievement of court office in 1626. The Harleys were also accepted within the official and social networks of the Herefordshire ’’gentry community”. Thus in I64O Sir Robert was re­ turned as senior Iznight of the shire to both the Short and the Long Parliaments. After 164.0 the Harleys became increasingly isolated from the most • influential Herefordshire gentry, many of whom would be either committed Royalists or moderates in I642. The Harley papers illustrate how differ­ ing long-term perceptions and beliefs combined with immediate issues to split the county ’’gentry community” in 1642. Although the Harleys were genuinely concerned by county interests, their puritanism involved them in an alternative set of loyalties, which were stronger than their loyalties either to the local ’’gentry community” or to the county community. CONTENTS page Abstract 2 Contents and List of Text Figures 3 Acknowledgments A Preface 5 Documentary Note ; the Harley Documents 11 Introduction 16 Part One The Harleys, Society and Religion before the Long Parliament 1. The Harleys and the World beyond the County Boundary 36 2. The Harleys and the County 83 3. The Harleys and the Godly Community 133 Part Two The Harleys, the Long Parliament and the County, November I64O- October 1643 Introduction 174 4 . November 1640-December I64I 185 5. January 1642-July 1642 232 6. July 1642-October 1643 278 Conclusion 321 Appendix I - Herefordshire M.P.s I604-I64O 327 Appendix 2 - Sir Robert Harley’s Losses I642-I646 328 Bibliography 329 List of Text Figures 1. Map of the Welsh Border; Southern Counties 35 2. Map of Herefordshire 89 3$ The Ruins of Brampton Bryan Castle 308 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Mr, C.C. Harley, Lady Anne Bentinck and the Marquess of Bath for permission to quote from privately owned manuscripts and the Yale Center for Parliamentary History for permission to quote from material in their possession. I should like to thank the archivists and staff of the following establishments for their help; The British Library, the Public Record Office, the House of Lords Record Office, Dr. Williams’ Library, the Polger Library (Washington D.C.), the Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library, Nottingham University Library, Nottingham County Record Office, Hereford and Worcester County Record Office, Hereford City Library, and Hereford Cathedral. Further thanks to Dr. Ann Hughes, Dr. Ronald Hutton and Dr. Geoffrey McParlin for allowing me to consult copies of their unpublished Ph.D. theses and Raymond and Annette Keene for help with the typescript. I should particularly like to thank Margaret Pitzjames for typing the final version. Dr. Peter Lake and Mr. Richard Cust for their advice and David Levy for constant encouragement. My final thanks to my two supervisors. Professor Conrad Russell, now of Yale University and Dr. Penelope Corfield of Bedford College, London University. PREFACE All quotations from manuscripts and from contemporary published works have been modernised in respect to both spelling and punctuation. Contractions have normally been extended. Dates are given in Old Style, with the year regarded as beginning on 1 January in the text; in the footnotes the form I641/2 has generally been adopted in citing original sources. In consulting unbound manuscripts from the B.L., Loan 29 collection, readers should be aware that the location of documents within individual packets has not been finalised and may be altered by archivists in the future. The maps of the Welsh Marches and of Herefordshire are reproduced by kind permission of B.T. Batsford Ltd. Figure 3 - the ruins of Brampton Bryan Castle - is reproduced from G.J. Robinson, A History of the Castles of Herefordshire and their Lords (1869). Abbreviations Place of publication is London, unless otherwise stated. Add. MSS. Additional Manuscripts. B.L. British Library. B.I.H.R. Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. Bodl. Bodleian Library. Commonplace book. The Commonplace book of Brilliana Conway, 1622, University of Nottingham Library MSS. Department, Portland MSS., London Collection. C.C.A.M. M.A.E. Green (ed.). Calendar of the Committee for Advance of Money. 1645-1656, 3 Vols. (1888). C.C.C. M.A.E. Green (ed.). Calendar of the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents ^ 5 Vols. (I888-I892). C.J. Journals of the House of Commons. C.S.P.D. Calendar of State Papers Domestic. 1628 Debates R.C. Johnson, M.P. Keeler, M.J. Cole and W.B. Bidwell (eds.). Commons Debates. 1628^ 4 Vols. (New Haven, 1977-1978). D'Ewes (C). W.H. Coates (ed.). The Journal of Sir Simonds D ’Ewes from the First Recess of the Long Parliament to the Withdrawal of King Charles from London (New Haven, 1942). D ’Ewes (n ). W, Notestein (ed.), The Journal of Sir Simonds D’Ewes from the Beginning of the Long Parliament to the Opening of the Trial of the Earl of Strafford (New Haven, 1923). P.N.B. Dictionary of National Biography. Fletcher, Outbreak. A.J. Fletcher, The Outbreak of the English Civil War (I98I). Fletcher, Sussex. A.J. Fletcher, A County Community in Peace and War; Sussex! I6OO-I66O (1975)• Poster, Alumni. J. Foster, Alumni Oxonienses; The Members of the University of Oxford. 1500-1714^ 4 Vols. (Oxford, I89I-2). Gardiner, Documents. S.R. Gardiner (ed.). The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution^ 1625-1660 (Third Edition Revised, Oxford, 1968). Gardiner, History. S.R. Gardiner, History of England. l603 1642. 10 Vols. (1885-4). G.E.G. Complete Baronetage G.E. Cockayne, The Complete Baronetage. 5 Vols. (Exeter, I9OO-I906). G.E.C. Complete Peerage. G.E. Cockayne, Complete Peerage of England, Scotland. Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Extant. Extinct or Dormant. 13 Vols. (New Edition, I9IO-I940). Grosvenor Diary. Parliamentary Diary of Sir Richard Grosvenor, Trinity College, Dublin MS. E.5.17* Transcript, Yale Center for Parliamentary History, 8 Harl. MSS. Harleian Manuscripts, British Library. Harley MSS. Harley Manuscripts at Brampton Bryan. H.L.R.O. House of Lords Record Office. H.M.C. Historical Manuscripts Commission. H.M.C., Bath Historical Manuscripts Commission. Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquess of Bath preserved at Longleat. Wiltshire. 4 Vols. (1904-1968). All citations are from volume 1, unless otherwise stated. H.M.C. Portland, Historical Manuscripts Commission. The Manuscripts of his Grace the Duke of Portland preserved at Welbeck Abbey^ 10 Vols. (I89I-I931)" All citations are from volume 3, unless otherwise stated. Husbands, Collection. Edward Husbands (ed.). An Exact Collection of all Remonstrances. Declarations. Votes. Orders. Ordinances. Proclamations. Petitions. Messages. Answers and other Remarkable Passages .... (I642/3). J.B.S. Journal of British Studies. J.M.H. Journal of Modern History. Lewis, Letters. T.T. Lewis (ed.). Letters of the Lady '. Brilliana Harley. Camden Society, First Series, LVIII (1854). L.J. Journals of the House of Lords. M. of P. Return of the names of every member returned to serve in each Parliament. 4 Vols. (1878- I891). All citations are from volume 1. Nicholas Diary. Parliamentary Diary of Edward Nicholas, P.R.O., S.P., 14/166, Transcript, Yale Center for Parliamentary History. P.R.O. Public Record Office. Puritan Survey. Puritan Survey of the Herefordshire Ministry 1640/1 , Transcript by F.C. Morgan, Hereford Cathedral Muniments Room 6A. vi. The original survey is in the Bodleian Library, MS. 206, Corpus Christi. 1 have referred to Mr. Morgan's transcript throughout. R.O. Record Office. Russell, Origins. C. Russell (ed.). The Origins of the English Civil War (1973). Russell, Parliaments. C. Russell, Parliaments and English Politics (Oxford, 1979)* S.P. State Papers. Spring Diary. Parliamentary Diary of Sir William Spring, Harvard University Houghton Library MS. Eng. 980, Transcript, Yale Center for Parliamentary History. S.R. Statutes of the Realm. T.R.H.S.
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