Percorsi Fra Chiostri E Cenacoli S U P P L E M E N T O a L N U M E R O O D I E R N O D E L a N a Z I O N E

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Percorsi Fra Chiostri E Cenacoli S U P P L E M E N T O a L N U M E R O O D I E R N O D E L a N a Z I O N E Firlaennosztre a percorsi fra chiostri e cenacoli S u p p l e m e n t o a l n u m e r o o d i e r n o d e L A N A Z I O N E foto Francesca Anichini Il chiostro: luogo di arte e silenzio l chiostro è uno spazio a cielo aperto che si trova all’interno Idi abbazie o monasteri: generalmente quadrato o rettangolare, è circondato da corridoi coperti che si aprono sullo spazio centrale con una serie di arcate o colonne architravate. I primi esempi di chiostri si trovano in edifici usati da monaci benedettini, ma anche altri ordini in seguito hanno dotato le loro sedi di chiostri, spesso con forme e collocazioni diverse a seconda delle necessità. Il termine deriva dal latino claustrum , cioè serratura, usato per indicare la separazione dei monaci dalla vita secolare: l’uso del termine per il cortile attorno a cui si dispongono gli altri ambienti costituenti il convento è probabilmente dovuto alla sua centralità all’interno dell’edificio, non solo in senso architettonico, ma anche e soprattutto per la grande importanza che questo spazio rivestiva nella vita monastica. Affreschi nel Chiostro Verde di Santa Maria Novella Chiostri Museo di Santa Maria Novella di Santa Maria Novella L’antico convento domenicano, oggi in parte museo e in Il percorso museale nel convento comprende parte sede della Scuola Marescialli e Brigadieri dei i chiostri, il Cappellone degli Spagnoli decorato da affreschi di Andrea di Bonaiuto, Carabinieri, comprende cinque chiostri: il Chiostro Verde con la Cappella degli Ubriachi e l’antico refettorio affreschi quattrocenteschi; il trecentesco Chiostro dei Morti, con interventi di Alessandro Allori. dove restano frammenti di decorazioni a fresco e lastre piazza di Santa Maria Novella (Basilica) tombali; il piccolo Chiostro Dati; il Chiostro Grande, e piazza della Stazione 4 (Museo) modificato nella seconda metà del Cinquecento su aperto : Museo da lunedì a giovedì 9-17.30, venerdì 11-17.30, sabato 9-17, domenica e festività religiose 12-17 (da luglio commissione di Eleonora di Toledo e impreziosito da a settembre), 13-17 (da ottobre a giugno); 60 lunette affrescate con Storie di santi domenicani , cui Chiostro Grande solo in occasione di particolari ricorrenze secondo il calendario consultabile sul sito parteciparono tra l’ultimo quarto del Cinquecento e gli www.museicivicifiorentini.it/smn inizi del Seicento numerosi artisti tra i quali Santi di Tito, Bernardino Poccetti, Lodovico Cigoli e Alessandro Allori. A fianco alla basilica si apre inoltre il Chiostro degli Avelli, in origine adibito a cimitero. Il Chiostro Verde Il chiostro adiacente al fianco sinistro della chiesa, Il ciclo decorativo realizzato nella prima metà del costruito nel XIV secolo e conosciuto come Chiostro Quattrocento raffigura in oltre 70 scene episodi tratti Verde, deve il nome singolare al pigmento di origine dalla Genesi. La fama del ciclo è legata alla partecipa - minerale largamente utilizzato per la sua decorazio - zione di Paolo Uccello nell’esecuzione di almeno due ne. Tre delle quattro pareti sono infatti dipinte con campate, dove le scene del Diluvio Universale e del - una particolare tecnica a chiaroscuro, caratterizzata l’ Ebbrezza di Noè testimoniano il suo peculiare inte - dalla stesura di una base uniforme di “terra verde”, resse e la sua straordinaria visione della prospettiva. sulla quale contorni e volumi delle figure sono deli - Nel ciclo si riconosce inoltre la mano di almeno altri neati con diverse tonalità di verde, bianco e nero; quattro pittori vicini a Paolo Uccello o attivi in altre risultano inoltre impiegati pochi altri colori, preva - botteghe, rappresentativi della produzione artistica lentemente ocre gialle e rosse. fiorentina della prima metà del XV secolo. Chiostri Chiostri Chiostri Chiostri delle Oblate di Santa Maria di Ognissanti di San Lorenzo Sorto tra la fine del Maddalena Nel Cinquecento il convento Sul Chiostro dei Canonici, Duecento e l’inizio del dei Pazzi di Ognissanti, in origine ricostruito da Antonio occupato dagli Umiliati, fu Manetti Ciaccheri Trecento, il convento delle Al 1257 data la prima chiesa oggetto di importanti (1457-1462) su progetto Oblate era abitato dalle con convento, che fu ristrutturazioni durante le di Michelozzo, si aprivano pie donne che, in regime di intitolata a Santa Maria quali vennero costruiti due le abitazioni dei canonici e semiclausura, assistevano Maddalena delle Convertite chiostri. L’unico ancora del priore; modificato nel i malati nel vicino ospedale. perché ospitava donne di legato al convento è il Cinquecento, dà accesso Nell’edificio, oggi adibito a malaffare pentite e che solo Chiostro Grande, dal quale si alla Biblioteca Medicea biblioteca, si apre un nel Seicento assunse accede al cenacolo di Laurenziana attraverso il chiostro su due livelli l’attuale nome. Dopo il Ghirlandaio: le lunette sotto Vestibolo michelangiolesco. conclusi da un’altana, passaggio ai Cistercensi, le volte furono affrescate Appartiene al complesso il quale ospita una secolare il complesso fu oggetto di all’inizio del Seicento da anche un piccolo chiostro magnolia e sculture dalla grandi rinnovamenti affidati Jacopo Ligozzi, Giovanni da trecentesco. raccolta comunale di arte negli anni ottanta del contemporanea. Lungo San Giovanni e altri pittori Quattrocento a Giuliano da Complesso di San Lorenzo, con le Storie di san piazza di San Lorenzo 9 via dell’Oriuolo si affaccia Sangallo. Tra i nuovi spazi inoltre un secondo chiostro Francesco . L’altro chiostro aperto : Chiostro dei Canonici da lunedì progettati per ampliare il a sabato 8-19, domenica 8-13; Chiostro piccolo e un’ampia porzione del accessibile agli studiosi della biblioteca sistemato a verde. monastero, l’architetto complesso francescano e ai visitatori delle mostre da lunedì a sabato Biblioteca delle Oblate, realizzò un chiostro interno 9.30-13.30 fanno oggi parte della vicina via dell’Oriuolo 26 – oggi annesso al Liceo aperto : lunedì 14-22, Caserma dei Carabinieri. da martedì a sabato 9-24 Michelangelo insieme alla sala capitolare con la celebre Convento di Ognissanti, borgo Ognissanti 42 Crocifissione di Perugino aperto : lunedì, martedì e sabato 9-12 (1493-1496) – e un grande chiostro che funge da atrio all’ingresso della chiesa. Chiesa di Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi, borgo Pinti 58 Liceo Michelangelo, via della Colonna 9 aperto : Chiostro della chiesa tutti i giorni 7.30-12.30 e 16.30-18.30; Chiostro del convento martedì e giovedì 14.30-17.30 Il chiostro delle Oblate. Foto di Francesca Anichini Chiostro Chiostro Chiostri della Chiostri della Badia dello Scalzo Santissima di Santo Spirito Fiorentina La sede della Compagnia dei Annunziata Il grande convento Nel più antico convento Disciplinati di San Giovanni Il portico del santuario agostiniano comprendeva tre costruito entro la prima Battista, detta dello Scalzo e mariano immette nel chiostri. Il primo, detto cerchia, abitato dai fondata nel 1376, era dotata Chiostrino dei Voti, così detto Chiostro dei Morti, è l’unico Benedettini, si trova il di un oratorio con chiostro per l’uso di esporvi ritratti in visitabile: realizzato da Giulio Chiostro degli Aranci, annesso. L’ingresso della cera e voti offerti alla Parigi tra il 1620 e il 1660, realizzato tra il 1432 e il cappella, da cui oggi si Vergine. La sua architettura conserva affreschi con Storie 1438 da Bernardo accede al chiostro, è si deve a Michelozzo, che di sant’Agostino e di santi Rossellino e altri. Il loggiato decorato da una lunetta lavorò all’Annunziata dal agostiniani (Nicola da a due ordini sovrapposti è soprapporta in terracotta 1444 al 1453; nelle 12 lunette Tolentino, Giovanni da San decorato al livello superiore invetriata con l’immagine del chiostro, che costituisce Facondo e Tommaso da da 12 affreschi del Battista affiancato da l’atrio della basilica, Alesso Villanova), dipinti da Cosimo quattrocenteschi staccati due confratelli Baldovinetti, Cosimo Rosselli, Ulivelli e da altri artisti della raffiguranti Storie di san incappucciati. Sulle pareti Andrea del Sarto, Pontormo, sua cerchia tra il 1639 e il Benedetto , eseguiti da del chiostro si può ammirare Rosso Fiorentino e 1701. Al centro del chiostro autore ignoto denominato un ciclo di affreschi a Franciabigio raffigurarono era posta la fontana Maestro del Chiostro degli monocromo con episodi scene della Vita di Maria e seicentesca trasferita nel Aranci, e da sei delle della Vita del Battista e Storie di san Filippo Benizzi . 1812 in piazza di Santo relative sinopie; la lunetta Virtù , realizzato a più Michelozzo intervenne anche Spirito. Nell’ambito dei lavori con San Benedetto si getta riprese da Andrea del Sarto sul Chiostro dei Morti, di ampliamento del complesso nudo in un cespuglio di rovi (1509-1526), con due scene esistente dal XIII secolo; qui Bartolomeo Ammannati, per vincere le tentazioni e affrescate da Franciabigio si conserva la famosa coadiuvato da Alfonso Parigi poi assorto in estasi è (1518-1519). Un particolare Madonna del sacco di Andrea il Vecchio, realizzò il Chiostro invece opera di Bronzino curioso dell’architettura del Sarto (1525), mentre più Grande (1564-1580) e negli (primi decenni del XVI sono i plinti su cui poggiano tarde sono le lunette con anni seguenti fornì forse il secolo). Sotto le lunette le colonne del loggiato, episodi della Vita dei Sette progetto per il terzo chiostro, corre una decorazione che decorati con teschi e ossa. Santi Fondatori , dipinte da costruito in dimensioni simula un paramento via Cavour 69 Bernardino Poccetti, Matteo ridotte intorno al 1585. aperto : lunedì, giovedì, primo, terzo e quinto lapideo e trafori da cui si Rosselli, Ventura Salimbeni e Chiesa e convento di Santo Spirito, sabato del mese, seconda e quarta domenica piazza di Santo Spirito affacciano figure di monaci. del mese 8.15-13.50 dal servita Arsenio Mascagni. aperto : lunedì, martedì e da giovedì a sabato Badia Fiorentina, via del Proconsolo Un terzo chiostro resta nella 10-12.30 e 16-17.30, domenica 16-17.30 e via Dante Alighieri parte del convento passata aperto : lunedì 15-18 all’Istituto Geografico Militare.
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