The Cherokee Artist Directory 2001

THE CHEROKEE ARTIST DIRECTORY 2001

Cherokee, North Carolina THE CHEROKEE ARTIST DIRECTORY 2001

Cherokee, North Carolina

Research and Writing Barbara Duncan Freeman Owle Amy Davis Tess Thraves

Editing Barbara Duncan Beverly Patterson

Published by The Museum of the Cherokee Indian in collaboration with The North Carolina Arts Council and The Cultural Resources Division of The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

A project of the Blue Ridge Heritage Initiative, this directory builds on a 1993 Cherokee Speakers’ Bureau sponsored by Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual with support from The North Carolina Arts Council The Blue Ridge Heritage Initiative is based on the premise that preserving “heritage” — those cultural traditions and natural and historical resources that together create a distinctive regional identity — is integral to the well-being of local communities. While this idea is not new, a burgeoning interest in heritage tourism has focused attention on the ways culture, history, and landscapes bear on community and economic development. The Blue Ridge Heritage Initiative has brought together diverse partners in four states to create heritage trails that present some of the Southern Appalachian region’s most compelling stories, including the cultural traditions and history of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

The Cherokee Heritage Trails project is a result of collaborations between the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, the Tennessee Overhill Heritage Association, the North Carolina Arts Council, the Tennessee Arts Commission, and other organizations and individuals in the region. The Museum of the Cherokee Indian has been a particularly important force in mov- ing the project forward. Together these partners are producing a guidebook and web site that present and interpret Cherokee traditions and history.

The Cherokee Artist Directory is an outgrowth of these partnerships. It draws inspiration from Cherokee artists who are willing to share their traditions more widely and builds on an earli- er Cherokee Speakers Bureau project created by the crafts cooperative, Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual. With this new directory, many presenting organizations, schools, and other venues — including the network of heritage trail sites and partners in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and northern Georgia — will gain better access to authentic Cherokee artists. Artists hired through the directory will educate new audiences as they bring Cherokee per- spectives to programs about Cherokee history and culture.

www.CherokeeHeritageTrails.org TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 5

HONORING THE ELDERS ...... 6 Robert Bushyhead ...... 7 Walker Calhoun ...... 8 Goingback Chiltoskey ...... 9 Emmeline Cucumber and Lucy Riley ...... 10 Amanda Crowe ...... 11 Richard and Birdie Crowe ...... 12 Amanda Swimmer ...... 13 Emma Taylor ...... 14 Jerry Wolfe ...... 15

THE NEXT GENERATION ...... 16 Ani-Kuwih [Mulberry] Dancers ...... 17 Davy Arch ...... 18 Lloyd Arneach ...... 19 Pam Blankenship ...... 20 Jackie Bradley ...... 21 Jean Bushyhead ...... 22 R. Eddie Bushyhead ...... 23 Cherokee Women’s Auxiliary Choir ...... 24 Bill Crowe ...... 25 Gilbert Crowe ...... 26 Virgil Crowe ...... 27 Betty DuPree ...... 28 Emma Garrett ...... 29 Ed and Christina Goings ...... 30 George Goings ...... 31 Louise Goings ...... 32 General Grant ...... 33 Tom Hill ...... 34 David Hornbuckle ...... 35 Jenean Hornbuckle ...... 36 Marie Junaluska ...... 37 Virgil Ledford ...... 38 Ernie Lossiah ...... 39 Lucille Lossiah ...... 40 Ramona Lossie ...... 41 Betty Maney ...... 42 Katrina Maney ...... 43 Louise Bigmeet Maney ...... 44 Melissa Ann Maney ...... 45 Shirley Jackson Oswalt ...... 46 Freeman Owle ...... 47 Lloyd Carl Owle ...... 48 Polly Rattler ...... 49 Bob Reed ...... 50 Richard Saunooke ...... 51 Bud Smith ...... 52 Emily Smith ...... 53 Eddie Swimmer ...... 54 James “Bo” Taylor ...... 55 Shirley Taylor ...... 56 Reuben Teesatuskie ...... 57 Amy Walker ...... 58 The Welch Family Singers ...... 59

TOPICAL INDEX ...... 60 WORKING WITH CHEROKEE ARTISTS ...... 62 SAMPLE CONTRACT ...... 63 SAMPLE RELEASE FORM ...... 64 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Cherokee Artist Directory. Here you will ﬁnd descriptions of artists who are members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, a community approximately twelve thousand strong in the mountains of western North Carolina. For the most part, these artists have learned from their families and community, using materials native to the southern Appalachians and calling on traditions passed down for many generations. They are among the best practitioners of traditional Cherokee culture. With the exception of a few elders who stay close to home, the artists and consultants listed here are willing to travel and present programs about some aspect of Cherokee culture.

“Honoring The Elders,” the ﬁrst section of this directory, recognizes Cherokee artists who have dedicated their lives to practicing traditional Cherokee arts and crafts, storytelling, and spirituality, and who have been equally dedicated to passing on these traditions to the next generation. Some of them no longer make public presentations, and they did not provide contact information. All other artists can be contacted as listed in the directory.

Presenters will note that while tourism has influenced these artists, their Cherokee identity remains strong. Throughout the twentieth century, tourism provided the Eastern Band with the economic means to remain on the Qualla Boundary and to stay unified as Cherokee people. As tourism sparked the needs for new goods and services, it also provided financial incen- tives to traditional artists, and the traditional arts have quietly adapted and persisted, often in the shadow of commercial interests.

Many travelers to Cherokee, North Carolina, have discovered four institutions there that have long supported local artists and presented Cherokee culture to the public. These institutions continue to ﬂourish today. The oldest, the Cherokee Indian Fair, held its eighty-eighth annual fair in October, 2000. The Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, a Cherokee-owned-and-operated arts and crafts co-operative founded in 1946, is open year round and is one of the most successful organizations of its kind in the United States. The Museum of the Cherokee Indian, founded in 1948, opened an exciting new exhibit in the late 1990s and continues to expand its education and outreach programs. The Cherokee Historical Association runs the Oconoluftee Indian Village and has produced the outdoor drama Unto These Hills for more than ﬁfty years.

The Cherokee Artist Directory supplements the activities of these institutions and other cultural programs in the communtiy by making authentic Cherokee artists accessible to audiences outside Cherokee. Through these artists, new audiences can experience ﬁrsthand the traditions and arts and crafts practiced by Cherokee people today on their ancestral home- land in the southern Appalachians.

THE ELDERS

HONORING HONORING THE ELDERS THE ROBERT BUSHYHEAD

As a storyteller, preacher, and actor, Robert Bushyhead has masterfully used both English and Cherokee languages. He continues his lifelong work of preserving the Cherokee language through documentation of the Kituhwa dialect.

Born and raised in a one-room log cabin in the Birdtown community of the Qualla Boundary, Robert Bushyhead recalls images of the medicine man’s hands, warmed over hot coals, and the healing formulas he spoke and wrote in the Cherokee language. Cherokee was the sole language of his family and friends, and it was his only language until he attended boarding school. Teachers at the government boarding school, in their efforts to teach English, punished students for speaking Bill Bamberger Cherokee. “And the thing about this,” he says, “was that those who became parents did not teach their children the Cherokee language lest they go through the same punishment.”

When he had the opportunity to complete his education, he became a Southern Baptist home missionary to the Eastern Cherokees, and then a traveling evangelist. For seventeen years he also performed in Unto These Hills, the outdoor drama presented by the Cherokee Historical Association, where he brought great distinction to the role of Elias C. Boudinot. He credited his ability to play his role convincingly to his passion for the history and culture of his people.

Robert Bushyhead works almost daily with his daughter and a local videographer to record the sounds of his native language along with its grammar. “No other language sounds exact- ly like it, and we want to preserve this,” he says. “We have all of those sounds — there are eighty-five of them — and just a little inflection makes all the difference in the world. Cherokee has a flow, it has a rhythm that is beautiful. And once you lose that rhythm, then, of course, you’re lost.”

For his work on language preservation projects, Bushyhead has received numerous awards including the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award and the Mountain Heritage Award. His stories have been published in Living Stories of the Cherokee and in Yonder Mountain, a children’s book.

7 WALKER CALHOUN

Walker Calhoun, respected Cherokee elder, sings the traditional sacred dance songs of the Cherokee, and has played an important role in maintaining and passing on these traditions to the next generation. He leads a traditional dance group that can accompany him to performances. Walker Calhoun also demonstrates how to make the Cherokee blowgun from river cane and how to make blowgun darts from wild thistle. In addition, he plays old-time Southern Appalachian style banjo tunes.

Born in the Big Cove community on the Qualla Boundary, where he still lives, Walker

Ron Ruehl Calhoun learned songs, dances, and Cherokee religious practices from his uncle, Will West Long, who had learned them from Swimmer, a Cherokee medicine man of the late nineteenth century. Following Long’s death in 1947, Walker Calhoun and his relatives began teaching ceremonial dances to the younger generation. Through the years, he has continued to practice and teach these traditions. In the 1980s, he formed a family group, the Raven Rock Dancers, and revitalized the stomp dance tradition for the Eastern Band. He has shared knowledge with his counterparts among the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma.

Walker Calhoun received the Sequoyah Award in 1988 in recognition of his contributions to the Cherokee at a gathering of the Eastern and Western Bands of Cherokee. This gathering commemorated the 150th anniversary of the Trail of Tears. In 1990, he received the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award, and in 1992 he received a National Folk Heritage Award from the National Endowment for the Arts. Two recordings of his songs are available: Where Ravens Roost and Sacred Songs from Medicine Lake.

Walker Calhoun prefers to limit his traveling to the region around western North Carolina. Usually his programs include dance demonstrations that last about thirty minutes. A larger or smaller number of dancers can be included. The amount of his fee is negotiable, but, since he depends on family members for transportation, all travel expenses for himself and his traveling companions must be included. His family members also sell beadwork and carvings. Contact him by mail and include a phone number where you can be reached.

WALKER CALHOUN PO Box 423 Cherokee, NC 28719

8 IN MEMORIAM GOINGBACK CHILTOSKEY 1907 – 2000

Tribal elder Goingback Chiltoskey was a master woodcarver who influenced several generations of Cherokee carvers. His work includes carvings of animal and human subjects, often in native woods such as cherry, walnut, holly, apple, and buckeye, but he also carved request orders from exotic woods. In addition to freestanding pieces, he carved large bas- reliefs. Goingback Chiltoskey said he always thought of his own “trademark as being a smooth finished piece of wood with a minimum of fine detail.”

Born in the Piney Grove community of the Qualla Indian Boundary in 1907, Goingback Chiltosky began

his long and diverse career of carving at the age of courtesy of the artist ten when his brother Watty gave him a knife and a few instructions. Forced to attend the Cherokee boarding school, where only English could be spoken, he found comfort in whittling wood. Eventually, he learned he could sell these small carvings. After ﬁnishing boarding school, he attended high school at Parker District School in Greenville, South Carolina, because of its woodcarving program. He continued his studies of woodcarving and other crafts at Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, and at the U.S. Indian School in Sante Fe, New Mexico, before returning home in 1935 to teach woodworking and woodcarving at Cherokee High School.

In 1942, G.B. Chiltoskey moved to Washington, D.C., to work for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and was soon making scale models for invasion maps and bombing targets during World War II. Besides a short stint in Hollywood making models for movie sets, he continued working for the government until 1966. During visits home to Cherokee, he met Mary Ulmer, a teacher and historian who was very interested in revitalizing Cherokee culture. He helped Mary write To Make My Bread, a set of Cherokee recipes largely based on his mother’s cook- ing; it was the ﬁrst of three books on which they were to collaborate. G.B. and Mary were married in 1956. The Artist and the Storyteller, Goingback and Mary Chiltoskey: A Cherokee Legend, by Mary Galloway, tells the story of their lives.

Goingback Chiltosky has been honored for his exceptional art work. His pieces have been displayed in numerous exhibitions, included in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, and have been featured in newspapers and magazine articles. Museums, church sanctuaries, and individual collectors have commissioned carvings from him. As a member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild and as past vice-president of the Indian-owned and operated Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, Goingback Chiltoskey demonstrated his dedication to his community and to the growth and development of numerous Cherokee artistic traditions. Visitors to Cherokee can see his carvings on display in the permanent collections of Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual of the Cherokee Indian.

9 EMMELINE CUCUMBER AND LUCY RILEY

Emmeline Cucumber turned 91 in the year 2000, and Lucy Riley is just a few years younger. They have been known all their lives as singers in the Cherokee community, and have kept alive the tradition of singing old-time hymns in the Cherokee language and in English. In their housedresses and kerchiefs, they sing at festivals and at church. Everywhere they appear in the Cherokee community, they are regarded as beloved and respected elders.

They live today in the Wolftown community, just a few miles apart, where they grew up and learned to sing from their families. Emmeline says, “I started whenever I was a little girl. My mother’d be sitting on the porch swinging her legs like this, and she’d be singing Indian songs. She’d be singing that Mike Kesselring ‘Guide Me Jehovah’ and ‘Amazing Grace’ verses. I learned that and I’d sing alto for her when she was singing.”

Both young women attended the Cherokee boarding school, even though it was located only a few miles from their homes. There they learned to speak English and ﬁnished the eighth grade. Emmeline wanted to continue her education by going on to boarding school at Haskell Institute or Chilocco Institute, as some of her friends did, but her parents wanted her to stay home and help with farming. She laughs and says, “So I’ve been a good gardener, long as I was able to do it.” Emmeline and Lucy both continue to make gardens and can vegetables.

Both women stayed in the Cherokee community, and married. Emmeline was baptized in the Oconoluftee River and became a member of the Macedonia Baptist Church in Wolftown. Later she and Lucy became part of a quartet of women singers who traveled extensively throughout the country, singing Christian songs. “We visited every state but eleven or twelve,” they say. Of the quartet, only Emmeline and Lucy are left, and they now attend the Cherokee United Methodist Church, founded in 1830.

Singing hymns has been part of Cherokee tradition for two hundred years. The ﬁrst mission- aries to the Cherokee translated hymns into the Cherokee language beginning about 1800. Some of the earliest publications in Cherokee syllabary were books of hymns. On the Trail of Tears, Cherokee people sang hymns that are still sung today.

Like their songs, the family stories of Emmeline Cucumber and Lucy Riley are strongly rooted in Cherokee history. Emmeline is the granddaughter of Tsali. “Big Charley,” as she calls him, is the Cherokee man whose story is told in the outdoor drama Unto These Hills. Freeman Owle says, “They are like the grandmothers of the community, because they’ve carried on the songs, the language, and the traditions.”

10 AMANDA CROWE

Amanda Crowe, a master woodcarver and master teacher, has inspired and taught generations of Cherokee woodcarvers. She has occasionally worked in stone and clay, but wood is her favorite medium. In her hands, blocks of wild cherry, buckeye, and black walnut take on the shapes of deer, owls, geese, raccoons, and — her signature pieces — bears. “Everybody in the country must have one of my bears,” she says jokingly.

Amanda Crowe was drawing and carving by the age of four, and selling her carvings by the age of eight. She lost both parents when she was very young. When she reached high school age and could not get the art training she

needed, her foster mother arranged for her to live with Amy Davis friends and attend high school in Chicago. There she earned a scholarship to study at the Art Institute of Chicago, where she received a Bachelor’s degree and a Master of Fine Arts degree. When she received the John Quincy Adams post-graduate fellowship to study in a foreign country, she chose Mexico and studied with Jose de Creeft at the Instituto Allende in San Miguel.

Her education put her in a unique position to help revitalize the carving tradition in Cherokee. She had been away from home for twelve years when the Cherokee Historical Association invited her back to teach art and woodcarving at Cherokee High School. She accepted the position and, for almost 40 years, she was the carving teacher for over 2,000 Cherokee students. A number of her students are now successful artists and their work has brought new energy and artistry to what the tribal community and outsiders alike now see as a major tradition in Cherokee.

“I carve because I love to do it,” she says. The North Carolina Folk Heritage Award is among the numerous honors and awards she has received for her work. She has exhibited carvings at the Art Institute of Chicago, the Mint Museum in Charlotte, the Atlanta Art Museum, Denver Museum of Art, and as far away as England and Germany. Her pieces are in many permanent collections including those at the Smithsonian Institution and the United States Department of Interior. She is quick to say, however, that the most satisfying reward she has received is knowing she has taught hundreds of Cherokee students to carry on the tradition of their ancestors.

Although she does not travel or present programs, Amanda Crowe continues to carve and sell her work. She welcomes visitors who wish to place orders for carvings. Contact her by mail for details and prices.

AMANDA CROWE PO Box 484 Cherokee, NC 28719

11 RICHARD AND BIRDIE CROWE

For many years, Richard and Birdie Crowe presented programs on Cherokee culture locally and outside Cherokee. They developed the Cherokee Dancers, the ﬁrst profes- sional tribal dance group in Cherokee. With dance, and carving and other crafts, they have inspired and influenced many younger Cherokee performers. Mike Kesselring Richard “Geet” Crowe was born in 1927 and comes from a long line of talented woodcarvers. “This has always been in our family; I grew up with it,” he says. “When I was a youngster, say seven or eight years old, I saw my people carving, so I started. It was just a part of our life.” Richard Crowe graduated from Cherokee High School and helped to build the theater for the outdoor drama Unto These Hills. He began acting in the play during its second season and played the role of Tecumseh for the next thirteen summers. In the early 1960s Richard Crowe moved to New York to pursue acting, playing in such productions as American Primitive and Disney’s Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier.

Birdie Crowe, born in 1930, also grew up in Cherokee. Her parents died when she was still young, and she lived year-round at the boarding school. She remembers the school as being “good to them, though they made sure everyone walked the chalk line. Our life was such that we didn’t even know there was a depression going on,” she says. “Everything just went on the same as always.” For Birdie Crowe crafts provide a connection to the past. “I get a good feel- ing when I dress our dolls. I try to think how our grandparents used to dress and live.”

To help others connect to Cherokee culture, Richard Crowe formed a dance troupe with his wife Birdie and family and began presenting cultural programs throughout the southeast. The couple also set up a small but popular stage show in downtown Cherokee, complete with fry bread, Cherokee dances, fancy dancing, and storytelling. Richard and Birdie Crowe spent many years presenting programs about history, language, and culture at powwows and schools in the Eastern United States. When Cherokee dollmaker Joe Owle passed on, Richard and Birdie were asked to take over his work to supply Qualla Arts and Crafts. Birdie comple- mented Richard’s doll carvings with hand-made clothing and details. Their dolls have frequently won blue ribbons for superior workmanship at the annual Cherokee Fall Fair, and have also been purchased by many museums and commissioned by private collectors.

Richard Crowe holds the title of Tribal Ambassador for the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, a lifetime appointment. Richard and Birdie Crowe continue to serve and inspire the community in their dedication to the Cherokee language and culture.

12 AMANDA SWIMMER

Amanda Swimmer, one of the best-known potters in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, still hand-builds and ﬁres pots in the traditional manner. She smoothes them with river stones, and impresses designs on them with such things as wooden paddles and sea shells. After drying the pieces in the sun, she ﬁres them in an open pit.

Born in 1921 and raised on the Qualla Boundary, Amanda Swimmer taught herself to form and fire pots after discovering a deposit of clay near her home in the Big Cove community. She sold her first pots to tourists that a park ranger brought to her home. At the age of thirty-six, she began working at the Oconoluftee Cedric N. Chatterley Indian Village, where she learned traditional methods of pottery building from Mabel Bigmeat. Amanda Swimmer demonstrated pottery making at the village for more than thirty-five years, often building more than a thousand pots in a summer season.

Amanda Swimmer’s pottery has been nationally recognized and has earned her many awards. Her pots are on exhibit in North Carolina, Washington, D.C., and New Mexico. She received the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award in 1994 and has received prizes at the Cherokee Fall Fair. She continues to teach pottery making at Cherokee Elementary School, passing her tradition on not only to her family, but to today’s younger generation. She has demonstrated pottery making and taught classes in schools throughout western North Carolina, at the John C. Campbell Folk School, and at several colleges in Georgia.

She prefers to stay in the western part of the state and always travels with her daughter Merina Myers, who is also a potter and will demonstrate with her. Her demonstrations are appropriate for audiences of all ages, although hands-on classes should be with children 4th grade or older. Fridays and Saturdays are her best days for appearances. Clay needs to be provided for her at the site. Her fee is negotiable, and for hands-on workshops, a $5 fee per student should be added. All travel expenses must be covered additionally.

AMANDA SWIMMER PO Box 790 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2942 (home) (828) 497-3310 (work), call between 8 a.m. and 11a.m., Mon-Thurs

Merina Myers (828) 837-6354

13 EMMA TAYLOR

Emma Taylor is one of the most accomplished Cherokee basketweavers in the traditions of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. She specializes in white oak basketry, but she also makes intricate rivercane baskets as well as baskets of honeysuckle. In past years, Emma Taylor has presented programs at schools and demonstrated at festivals throughout the region.

Born in 1920, Emma Taylor grew up on Coopers Creek in the Birdtown community of the Qualla Boundary. Her mother, Lydia Ann Squirrel, traded

Amy Davis baskets for food at the first craft shop in Cherokee. By the age of seven, Emma Taylor had begun to imitate her mother’s basketweaving techniques using discarded shavings from white oak baskets. She attended Birdtown Day School and Cherokee High School, where she learned to make rivercane baskets from master basketmaker Lottie Stamper. Eventually, she began producing her own sturdy baskets of white oak, honeysuckle, and rivercane. After her marriage, she sold her baskets to help support her family. “All along, I sold baskets for a bare living,” she says. “I raised all my kids by making baskets. I have eight and they are all living today. So ever since, I have been making baskets.”

To make her white oak baskets, Emma Taylor gathered and prepared all of the raw materials herself. Until a few years ago, she still located the trees, cut them down herself, split the logs into quarters, and prepared the splints for weaving. She also gathered bloodroot and walnut and prepared her own natural dyes.

Emma Taylor’s baskets have won numerous awards, and her work has been internationally recognized. She was the only Native American invited to demonstrate basketry at the World Craft Council in Kyoto, Japan. She has often demonstrated basketry at local schools, at festivals, and at the Oconoluftee Indian Village. She received the 1989 North Carolina Folk Heritage Award for her outstanding artistry and her role in maintaining cultural traditions. She was also featured in the documentary ﬁlm Cherokee Basketweavers produced by Qualla Arts and Crafts. She believes that “basketweaving should be carried on by the younger generations, as long as the world stands, because that’s our trade.”

Emma Taylor no longer travels for demonstrations but welcomes orders for baskets and continues to sell her work through Qualla Arts and Crafts. She is also willing to talk to interested people about her work if they are willing to make an appointment to visit her at her home.

EMMA TAYLOR PO Box 1412 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-4439

14 JERRY WOLFE

Jerry Wolfe tells stories and talks about Cherokee history, culture, and language. His programs fasci- nate people of all ages. As a storyteller, Wolfe recounts traditional Cherokee legends, and also tells stories about his experiences growing up in Cherokee, about the boarding schools, and about stickball games. As a young man, he played Cherokee stickball and learned to carve the sticks from wood. Today he is often in demand as a “caller” or announcer for stickball games.

Born in the Sherrill Cove community “on the center line of the Blue Ridge Parkway,” Jerry Wolfe Mike Kesselring grew up listening to the stories of his parents, Owen and Luciana Wolfe. Throughout his lifetime, Jerry Wolfe has seen not only the coming of the Parkway to the location of his parents’ home, but many other changes as well. He attended the Cherokee Boarding School through tenth grade, when he enlisted in the Navy, during World War II. He served for six years and participated in the “D-Day” landing on Normandy Beach. When he returned to Cherokee he married his wife Juanita and began learning building trades, including stone masonry. He taught building trades to young people for twenty years with the federal Job Corps program. After his retirement, he began traveling with Methodist mission teams to do third world building projects, and has visited Jamaica, Barbados, Haiti, and South Africa.

At present, Jerry Wolfe works in the Outreach Program of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian. He has presented programs on Cherokee culture at High Point, Thomasville, Winston- Salem, and Fort Bragg in North Carolina, and at the Welcome Center on Route 26 entering North Carolina. Jerry Wolfe also practices stone masonry, and he calls the stickball games at the Cherokee Fair each fall.

Jerry Wolfe enjoys people and can work with groups of any age. He prefers to do programs near Cherokee, as he does not like to drive great distances. He will consider programs farther away if transportation can be provided. His fee is negotiable and must include compensation for expenses. He often does programs with his wife Juanita, a skilled basketmaker who works with white oak. Together they have demonstrated carving and basketmaking at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian’s Cherokee Voices Festivals, at the Cherokee Heritage Weekend of the Swannanoa Gathering at Warren Wilson College, and at the North Carolina Welcome Center.

JERRY WOLFE Museum of the Cherokee Indian PO Box 1599 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-3481 (work), call between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.

15 GENERATION

THE NEXT

THE NEXT THE GENERATION ANI-KUWIH [MULBERRY] DANCERS

The Ani-Kuwih, or Mulberry, Dancers perform traditional Cherokee dances, demonstrate blowguns, and can give Cherokee language lessons. A group of about ten children, ages 5—12, these dancers can perform for large or small audiences or any age.

For the past three years, these children have learned dances, language, and more under the guidance of Myrtle Driver, Tribal Cultural Traditionalist in the Ofﬁce of Cultural Resources. “They are learning by living,” Driver says. In order to stay in the group, children must keep up their grades, have good behavior in school, and per- Mike Kesselring form community service such as mowing yards or stacking wood for elders. They participate in traditional ceremonies and discuss healthy alternatives to drug and alcohol abuse. “Instead of turning to alcohol and drugs, we say, ‘Let’s go dance at the Tsali Manor [a community center for the elderly in Cherokee].’”

Myrtle Driver was born and raised on the Qualla Boundary, a member of the Deer Clan. She attended local schools until eighth grade, and then was sent to boarding schools at Alexander Mills, Crossnore, and ﬁnally the Haskell Institute. She learned to dance from her mother and grandmother, who used to dance with the Big Cove Traditional Dancers under the direction of Amaneet Sequoyah. As a young woman she participated in the First Americans, Inc., a dance group that opened Bicentennial ceremonies in 1976 all over the east coast, from Philadelphia to Florida. Driver went back to school at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, studying anthropology and museum science. She was the recipient of an Honorary Fellowship to the Newberry Library and did an internship in Natural History with the Smithsonian Institution.

The Ani-Kuwih Dancers have performed for festivals, school groups, col- Tom Tom Dekle leges, and universities including Rhinehart College and University of North Carolina at Greensboro. They will perform for groups of any size, and are available to travel on weekends. Contact Myrtle Driver to discuss performance schedules, performance fees and travel.

MYRTLE DRIVER Tribal Cultural Traditionalist PO Box 119 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 488-5732 (work) (828) 497-9581 (home)

17 DAVY ARCH

Davy Arch tells Cherokee stories, presents lectures on Cherokee history and culture, and demonstrates carving, ﬂint knapping, and mask making. He adapts his programs for audiences of all ages. Using artwork from different mediums, he describes both Cherokee history and contemporary Cherokee life.

For the ﬁrst ten years of his life, Davy Arch and his family lived with his grandfather, who taught him to tell Cherokee stories, practice herbal medicine, and use wild plants for food. They lived on Stilwell Branch in the Painttown community on the Qualla Boundary. His education in Cherokee culture continued after he graduated from Sylva High School in 1975,

Amy Davis when he went to work at the Oconaluftee Living History Village. There he learned to carve masks from the elder mask maker Sim Jessan. From other elders he learned the meaning of masks and went on to study older masks made in the past. Today he carves masks of buckeye wood, cherry, pine, and walnut.

Davy Arch’s carved masks have been on display at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., and his stories have been published in the award-winning book Living Stories of the Cherokee. As a participant for six years in the North Carolina Arts Council’s Visiting Artist Program, he has presented programs on Cherokee culture in schools throughout North Carolina. Additionally, he has spoken at the North Carolina Museum of History, the North Carolina Museum of Art, and on National Public Radio. Davy Arch frequently works with public school teachers through the North Carolina Center for the Advancement of Teaching (NCCAT) in Cullowhee. A member of the Board of Directors of Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, he has also demonstrated at numerous festivals, including the 1982 World’s Fair in Knoxville. His earliest recognition was a Grand Prize for carving at the Cherokee Indian Fair in 1979.

Davy Arch can present programs anywhere within one day’s drive of Cherokee. His fee is negotiable, but must include compensation for travel. His work is sold mainly at the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual in Cherokee.

DAVY ARCH PO Box 791 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7571, call between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m.

18 LLOYD ARNEACH

Lloyd Arneach tells stories to audiences of all ages. His personal style enlivens stories from Cherokee traditions, from his personal experiences, and based on contemporary and historical events. “I’m fortunate to have a wealth of stories to share,” he says, “and I’ll tell stories to anyone who will sit down and listen.”

Born and raised on the Qualla Boundary, Lloyd Arneach attended Guilford College and served in the United States military, including a year in Vietnam. He moved to Atlanta in 1967 and began sharing Cherokee history and culture through storytelling. His uncles, David and George Owl, were his earliest storytelling inﬂuences. After absorbing the traditional Cherokee stories and storytelling style, Lloyd added stories from other sources — his own experiences, other elders, and schol- ars. He tells stories about Wounded Knee, the Trail of Tears, Ishi, and Chief Joseph.

Lloyd Arneach has told stories at the National Storytelling Festival, the President Carter Center, the High Museum in Atlanta, Northwestern University,

Mississippi State College, the Atlanta Storytelling Ron Ruehl Festival, the Cherokee Fall Festival, powwows, and other events. He has been featured in Voices in the Wind (a video documentary by Gary Moss), in National Geographic television specials, and on Georgia Public Television. His stories are included in the book Storytellers: Folktales and Legends from the South by John Burrison (University of Georgia Press, 1990), and his version of The Animals’ Ballgame was published as a children’s book with illustrations by Lydia Halverson (Children’s Press). Lloyd Arneach served as Senior Native American Advisor for the Festival of Fires, an all Native American event included in the Cultural Olympiad of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. He coor- dinated the relay run of the ﬂame from Cherokee, North Carolina, to the Gwinnett County Arts Center in Duluth, Georgia, for the Festival of Fires.

His fee is negotiable, but travel expenses should be included. Lloyd Arneach prefers to tell stories with the house lights up so that he can see the faces of his audience. He can accommodate large audiences if sound equipment is provided.

LLOYD ARNEACH PO Box 861 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-5172

19 PAM BLANKENSHIP

Pam Blankenship is a genealogical researcher who specializes in the membership of both the Eastern and Western bands of the Cherokee Nation. Using computerized information and resources created by Bob Blankenship, she can trace the ancestry of anyone listed on any of the Cherokee rolls from 1817 to 1924.

Growing up on the Qualla Boundary, in the Yellow Hill and Wolfetown communities, Pam Blankenship attended Cherokee Elementary and High Schools. Since 1991 she has worked with her father, Bob Blankenship, creating computerized genealogies of Cherokee tribal members.

Bob Blankenship is widely known for his research and publications regarding Cherokee genealogy. His ﬁrst book, Cherokee Roots, list-

Amy Davis ed all the Eastern Cherokee rolls from 1817 to 1924, as well as the Western Cherokee Nation rolls from 1851 to 1909. That ﬁrst book, now a standard for Cherokee genealogy, has been followed by publications of the Miller Roll, Dawes Roll, and Baker Roll, with detailed information regarding age, roll numbers, and degree of blood. The Blankenships have compiled this information into a computer database, enabling them to do extensive research and cross-referencing.

Pam Blankenship will research a complete genealogy for a standard fee. Archived copies of actual applications used for the rolls are also available from the Blankenships’ microﬁlm library and can be printed out for a fee. The Blankenship publications are available directly from them through mail order.

PAM BLANKENSHIP Cherokee Roots PO Box 265 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7301

20 JACKIE BRADLEY

Jackie Bradley, manager of Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, is one of Cherokee’s most knowl- edgeable consultants on contemporary Cherokee artists. She can provide information about Cherokee arts and crafts, their makers, and how to obtain these works.

Born on the Qualla Boundary in the Painttown community, Jackie Bradley has lived in Cherokee all her life. She graduated from Sylva High School in Sylva, North Carolina. Her interest in crafts began more than twenty years ago when she began working at Qualla Arts and Crafts

Mutual in Cherokee, North Carolina. Tes Thraves

At Qualla Arts and Crafts Jackie Bradley now markets the work of more than three hundred Cherokee artists and craftspeople, who are all members of the organization. Originally chartered in 1946, Qualla continues to be one of the most successful Native-American owned and operated cooperatives in the nation. All items sold there must be hand made by members of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual and must meet high standards. Members must be enrolled in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; their work is then judged by a standards committee and must be approved by the entire membership of the co-operative. Begun as a community development project, Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual provides income for craftspeople during the “off-season” months through its policy of purchasing arts and crafts outright rather than on consignment. In addition, members receive dividends on total sales of the co-operative and an annual equity check.

Contact Jackie Bradley directly to discuss terms and travel arrangements.

JACKIE BRADLEY Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, Inc. PO Box 310 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9193 (work) call between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., September-May; call between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., June-August (828) 497-2841 (Fax) [email protected]

21 JEAN L. BUSHYHEAD

Jean Bushyhead provides Cherokee language resource materials for the classroom and information on the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ tribal language program in the schools. Although she did not grow up speaking the language, Jean has worked extensively with her father, Robert Bushyhead, over the past ten years to document the grammar and pro- nunciation of the Cherokee language and to create a series of lessons for use in the Cherokee schools.

Born and raised on the Qualla Boundary, Jean Bushyhead attended Kansas State University for undergraduate and graduate work. When she returned to Cherokee, North Carolina, she taught third through sixth grades in the Cherokee Elementary School for more than ten years. Her

Amy Davis work with the Cherokee language began one Saturday when she returned home to ﬁnd her father unloading boxes of language materials into her hallway. “Do something with this,” he said.

Over the past ten years, Jean and Robert Bushyhead have worked daily to document the Kituhwa dialect of the Cherokee language. They have created a series of grammar lessons, textbooks, classroom resources, and a computer voice dictionary of the language. A group of Cherokee elders supports the project by contributing additional information about the language and its use. The Bushyheads’ efforts have been recognized with a North Carolina Folk Heritage Award and the Mountain Heritage Award.

The Cherokee language has its own written form: a syllabary created by Sequoyah, who created the written language without ﬁrst being literate himself. After Sequoyah’s syllabary was recognized by the Tribal Council in 1821, nearly all members of the Cherokee nation became literate. At present the Cherokee language is in danger of being lost. In the ﬁrst half of the twentieth century, Cherokee children were severely punished if they spoke the Cherokee language in the federally-operated schools they attended. As a result, these generations did not pass the language on to their children. Since the tribe began operation of its own schools in 1990, however, the Cherokee language has been taught in preschool and grades K-12 through the efforts of the Bushyheads and others and the support of the Eastern Band.

Jean Bushyhead can accept speaking engagements or present workshops for teachers, students, and other groups. She has given presentations at festivals, conferences, and in classrooms. Call to arrange fees and dates.

JEAN L. BUSHYHEAD Cherokee Language Project Manager PO Box 455 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 488-2041 / 488-8897 (work) / 266-6633 (cell phone) (828) 488-5648 (fax)

22 R. EDDIE BUSHYHEAD

Eddie Bushyhead is a musician who makes and plays the rivercane ﬂute, a traditional instrument among the Cherokee. He entertains large and small audiences of all ages with traditional ﬂute music and contemporary “Rez Music.” Eddie Bushyhead can also speak about the Cherokee language and about language preservation efforts in the Cherokee community.

Eddie Bushyhead was born in Cherokee, and grew up in the Birdtown and Piney Grove communities. After graduating from Cherokee High School, he studied music at the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, specializing in ethnomu- sicology. A versatile musician, Eddie Bushyhead has played music all his life, from Cherokee hymns to rock and roll to blues. In 1987, he began research on the rivercane ﬂute and recreated one based on his studies.

Eddie Bushyhead has performed all over the United States and recently impressed audiences in Beijing, China. He is a showcased artist in the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, and he frequently performs for the Young Audiences organization in Atlanta. A ﬁne composer, he has written music for the PBS Parabola series, for a documentary ﬁlm for Rhinehart College, and for the Good Moves dance theater in Atlanta. His record- Mike Kesselring ings include Who Says? and Rez Music, as well as the Ani-sahoni (Blue Clan) project, based on tunes he collected from Cherokee elders on the Qualla Boundary.

For the past few years, Eddie Bushyhead has been working with his father, Cherokee elder Robert Bushyhead, and sister, Jean Bushyhead, on a Cherokee language preservation project. Recently he began teaching daily language classes in the local Kituhwa dialect for the Qualla Boundary school system.

He works with audiences of all ages and is willing to travel anywhere. His fee is negotiable and must include compensation for travel expenses.

R. EDDIE BUSHYHEAD PO Box 455 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 488-2041 / 488-8897 (work) (828) 488-5648 (fax)

23 CHEROKEE WOMEN’S AUXILIARY CHOIR

The Cherokee Women’s Auxiliary Choir is a group of approximately twenty women who sing hymns and gospel songs in both Cherokee and English. The choir can include solos, duets, trios, or small ensem- bles in its programs.

The choir was formed in 1998 by the Baptist Ladies Auxiliary in order to sing for community members who were home- bound or in hospitals and nursing homes and could not attend church services. Freeman Freeman Owle Open to anyone in the community that wanted to sing, the choir attracted members from a number of local churches. Currently represented in the group are Straightfork Baptist Church, Big Cove Baptist Church, Yellowhill Baptist Church, Waterfalls Baptist Church, Cherokee Methodist Church, Bethabara Baptist Church and the Living Waters Lutheran Church. All members of the choir are active in their own respective churches and participate in church activities that range from teaching Sunday School and singing in the choir to serving as auxiliary ofﬁcers.

In addition to singing for services at local churches and meetings in Cherokee, North Carolina, the choir has sung at the Cancer Relay for Life Project, the North American Indian Women’s Association (NAIWA), the Lutheran Ladies Conference, the Folk Festival at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, a nursing home in Murphy, the Fifth Annual Ladies Retreat hosted by the Yellowhill Church, the Unicoi Turnpike Millennium Trail celebration at the Sequoyah Birthplace Museum in Vonore, Tennessee, and the Cherokee Voices Festival at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

The size of the choir for any given program will vary according to how many singers can arrange their work schedules and other commitments in response to an invitation to sing. Some elderly choir members cannot travel far and their participation depends on the program location. Most members, however, can travel beyond the local area. The choir’s organization includes contact persons who handle the schedule, a treasurer, and several members who acti- vate a phone tree to relay information to each church.

Fees are negotiable and should include reimbursement for all travel, including mileage, meals, and any overnight accommodations. The choir often sings with its own piano accompanist, but it can also sing without accompaniment. Presenters should advise the choir’s contact person in advance about the availability of a piano.

RACHEL MATHIS or FLORA BRADLEY PO Box 2342 PO Box 1388 Cherokee, NC 28719 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-1388 (828) 497-3806

24 BILL CROWE

Bill Crowe comes from a family of talented, traditional woodcarvers. He carves masks and other traditional pieces, makes ﬂutes and drums, and can talk about Cherokee history. He also plays the traditional ﬂute, and is willing to perform at weddings and other events.

Born on the Qualla Boundary, Bill Crowe was raised by his parents, William H. Crowe and Betty Bradley Crowe. Bill has been carving since childhood, learning from all his relatives including his aunt Amanda Crowe, and his great-uncles G. B. Chiltoskey and Watty Chiltoskey. About ﬁve years ago, he began carving ﬂutes.

When he was only seventeen years old, Bill Crowe demonstrated his carving skills at the Smithsonian Institution. Since then he has demonstrated woodcarving at the North Carolina State Fair, the Knoxville World’s Fair, the Museum of the Cherokee courtesy of the artist Indian, the Cherokee Fall Fair, and numerous powwows. He studied history at Brigham Young University and received a history award his freshman year.

Bill Crowe will demonstrate woodcarving, mask making, ﬂute making, or drum making at festivals or for small groups. He is also available to play ﬂute for events and groups of various sizes. The amount of his fee is negotiable, and he is willing to travel anywhere if his expenses are reimbursed in addition to his fee. He provides his own materials and sound system.

BILL CROWE PO Box 631 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9851, call after 5 p.m.

25 GILBERT CROWE

Gilbert Crowe has been a skilled woodcarver for nearly half a century, carving a variety of animal and human ﬁgures. He has also taught woodcarving in many different settings.

Born and raised on Wright’s Creek in Jackson County, Gilbert Crowe has lived in the area around Cherokee all his life. His father, Albert Crowe, made bows and arrows and tomahawks, and his mother, Regina Crowe, was a potter. Although he carved as a child, it was at Cherokee High School that he took up carving in

Amy Davis earnest, inspired by an encourag- ing teacher. One of his early pieces was a mountain lion made from laurel root. A barber by trade, Gilbert Crowe has cut hair for thirty-six years at his shop in downtown Cherokee. At the same time, he has established a reputation as a ﬁne woodcarver.

Gilbert Crowe joined the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual in the 1950s, and he continues to sell many of his wood- carvings there. He has demonstrated woodcarving in various places, including the University of Tennessee in Knoxville and the 1982 World’s Fair in Knoxville. Gilbert Crowe has taught woodcarving classes in the Cherokee area and at the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas.

He will work with students of all ages. “They just need interest,” he says. His fees are negotiable. Gilbert Crowe con- ﬁnes his traveling to the local area around Cherokee, and he prefers to be contacted by mail.

GILBERT CROWE PO Box 521 Cherokee, NC 28719

26 VIRGIL CROWE

Virgil Crowe demonstrates woodcarving. His work includes dance and ceremonial masks, clan masks, and bird and animal ﬁgures. Virgil Crowe can also answer questions about the cultural signiﬁcance of the masks.

Born in Tennessee, Virgil Crowe moved to the Bigwitch Community on the Qualla Boundary when he was seven years old. After high school, he served in the U.S. Navy for four years. Trained as a survey technician, Virgil Crowe has worked for the federal government for thirty-one years. He now works with the Bureau of Indian Affairs Realty Branch in Cherokee.

While attending high school, Virgil Crowe studied woodcarving with Amanda Crowe. He first carved cars and trucks to play with, and eventually turned to animals, birds, and fig- urines. He began carving masks in the mid 1980s after researching their use and significance by talking to elder mask makers. The work of renowned Cherokee mask maker Sim Jessan, especially Jessan’s snake mask, inspired him. Ron Ruehl Virgil Crowe has demonstrated mask making at the North Carolina State Fair in Raleigh, the Kituwah Festival in Asheville, the Singing River Festival in Alabama, and at other festivals. He is a member of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, which receives constant requests for his work.

Virgil Crowe is available on weekends and holidays for events within a one-day drive of Cherokee. Call to determine his fee, which must include travel expenses.

VIRGIL CROWE Wagon Gap Road, Box 37 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6863, call after 6 p.m.

27 BETTY DUPREE

Betty DuPree offers a wealth of knowledge about Cherokee crafts and crafts marketing due to her extensive experience at Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, which she managed for many years until her retirement.

Betty DuPree was born and raised in Cherokee and graduated from Cherokee High School. After she married, she left Cherokee with her husband, who worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. They spent many years in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. During those years she worked in arts and crafts galleries and learned about the crafts, how to price them fair- ly, and how to work with artists.

When the DuPrees moved back to Cherokee, Betty DuPree applied for the job of manager of Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual. “I went down and got my job, and stayed twenty-four years,” she laughs, remembering that her initial motivation to apply was simply to earn some money for a new stove and refrigerator. During her years as manager, she helped Qualla Arts and Crafts become the most successful American Indian- owned-and-operated cooperative arts organization in the

Tes Tes Thraves nation. Before she left in 1997, Qualla celebrated its 50th anniversary, three hundred members strong.

While representing Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, Betty DuPree presented many programs about Cherokee crafts and consulted with groups about marketing strategies for crafts. She has consulted with American Indians from Oklahoma, with the Seneca Nation, and with four tribes in Maine to establish successful marketing practices for crafts. She has worked with the Indian Arts and Crafts Association in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Washington, D.C. Her numerous talks and presentations include engagements at the North Carolina Center for the Advancement of Teaching (NCCAT) in Cullowhee, North Carolina. She has successfully nominated a number of Cherokee artists for the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award.

The amount of her fee is negotiable, but must include compensation for travel expenses.

BETTY DUPREE PO Box 543 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6604

28 EMMA GARRETT

Emma Garrett makes rivercane baskets, the oldest basketry tradition among the Cherokee. Only a few women in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians still make these beautiful baskets. She collects her own rivercane and dyes it with bloodroot or walnut. She also makes white oak baskets.

Born and raised in Snowbird, the Cherokee community in Graham County, Emma Garrett grew up watching her grandmother Molly Brown make baskets. In the Cherokee tradition, she observed and then “slipped off by herself to ﬁgure it out,” she says.

Emma Garrett has demonstrated rivercane basketry at festivals in Atlanta, Chattanooga, and Snowbird, and she also travels to powwows occasionally. Her baskets have won ﬁrst place at the Cherokee Fall Fair. They are sold at the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual. Her work has been featured in a documentary video: Cherokee Basketweavers. In addition to weaving baskets, Emma Garrett sings with a gospel trio from the Zion Hill Church in the Snowbird community. Amy Davis

Emma Garret is available to demonstrate rivercane basketry, but has less time in the summer because of her season- al work at the Snowbird Lodge. Call to determine dates and to discuss the amount of her fees. She is willing to travel if provided adequate reimbursement.

EMMA GARRETT Route 1, Box 133 Robbinsville, NC 28771 (828) 479-1513

29 ED AND CHRISTINA GOINGS

Ed and Christina Goings are a young Cherokee couple who demonstrate a variety of Cherokee crafts and talk about Cherokee culture. Ed makes white oak baskets, and Christina ﬁngerweaves the distinctive Cherokee sashes and does beadwork. While Christina demonstrates beadwork, Ed discusses the different styles and stitches she uses.

Ed Goings grew up in Cherokee, learning crafts from both sides of

Amy Davis his family. His mother, Louise Goings, and grandmother, Emma Taylor, are both outstanding basketmakers. His father, George Goings helped him learn to carve. When Ed was twenty-three, his mother showed him how to make two baskets, and he made a third himself. “Now comes the hard part of it,” she told him, and took him to the woods to learn how to hunt the white oak tree, cut it down, split it into sections, scrape the splints, gather plants for dyes, and dye the splints — all in prepa- ration for making the basket. While working as a tour guide at the Oconoluftee Indian Village, Ed Goings learned how to make blowguns and darts, nap arrowheads, and make ﬂutes out of rivercane. He served three years in the U.S. Army where he worked as a diesel mechanic. Currently he works as a mechanic for the Cherokee Department of Transportation.

Christina Goings was born in Bryson City and raised in Birdtown on the Qualla Boundary. She learned ﬁngerweaving, beadwork, and pottery making from Alyne Stamper at the Cherokee High School, and she further developed these crafts while working at Oconoluftee Indian Village. There she began working with beads, and used them to decorate fans and belts. Her work is sold at the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual.

Ed and Christina Goings have demonstrated Cherokee arts and crafts at the Kituwah Festival in Asheville, at Mountain Heritage Day at Western Carolina University, and at the Oconoluftee Indian Village. Their work has been exhibited at galleries in Wise, Virginia, and in Greensboro, North Carolina, as well as at the Cherokee Fall Fair.

The Goings will travel within a day’s drive of Cherokee. They have children at home and must consider them in their travel plans. The amount of their fee is negotiable and must include travel expenses.

ED AND CHRISTINA GOINGS Box 51, Owl Branch Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2163, call after 4 p.m.

30 GEORGE GOINGS

George Goings carves animal ﬁgures in wood and stone, using walnut, cherry, buckeye, holly, alabaster, red pipestone, and soapstone. He prefers to use black walnut more than other woods because its hard- ness enables him to carve with more detail. He exhibits his work and demonstrates wood and stone carving.

Born and raised on Owl Branch in the Yellow Hill community on the Qualla Boundary, George Goings attended elementary and high Amy Davis school in Cherokee. At Cherokee High School, he learned woodcarving from Amanda Crowe and has continued to carve for more than thirty years. He has lived all his life in Cherokee except for two years when he lived in Chillocco, Oklahoma, where he went to school to study heavy equipment transportation. Currently he works with the Cherokee Department of Transportation.

A member of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, George Goings sells his work there and at the North Carolina State Fair in Raleigh every fall. He has demonstrated carving at the Asheville Kituwah Festival and at Mountain Heritage Day at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, North Carolina. With his wife Louise, a basketmaker, he attended President Clinton’s inaugural celebration honoring craftspeople of the South.

George Goings is willing to travel anywhere if compensated for expenses, and he will negotiate his presentation fee. He brings his own tools for demonstration but needs access to an electrical outlet for lighting his exhibit area.

GEORGE GOINGS, Box 51, Owl Branch Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7792

31 LOUISE GOINGS

Louise Goings makes Cherokee white oak baskets. She begins by searching out a white oak tree, which she trans- forms into a beautiful, sturdy basket. Often, she gathers her own materials — using bloodroot, the green leaves of walnut trees, and hulls from nut — to dye her oak splints before weaving. She can discuss this process and demonstrate basketweaving.

Louise Goings was born in 1947 and grew up on Goose Creek in the Birdtown Community. She attended Birdtown Day School until sixth grade, and then Cherokee High School. She has worked for twenty-eight years at Cherokee Elementary School as a teaching assistant. When she was ten years old, Louise learned to make a few baskets by watching her mother, Emma Taylor. These she sold for pocket money. After the birth of her son Eddie, she began to make baskets again in earnest and to travel — ﬁrst with her mother, and then on her own — to demonstrate basketry.

A member of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual since the late 1960s, Louise Goings has demonstrated basketry with

Ron Ruehl her mother at the Festival of American Folklife at the Smithsonian Institution and at the Natural History Museum of the Smithsonian. She and her husband George returned to Washington, D.C., in 1992 for President Clinton’s inaugural celebration honoring the craftspeople of the South. Her baskets have won prizes at the Cherokee Fall Fair and at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and else- where. She has demonstrated basket making in many schools, at the Mountain Heritage Day festival, and in hands- on workshops for children at Western Carolina University.

Louise Goings enjoys demonstrating basketry for people of all ages, and will bring her own materials. If a hands-on workshop is desired, children need to be about 10 years old to be able to actually weave a basket. Although Louise Goings is available year-round, she has the most time to travel during summer months when school is not in session. Call to determine her fee.

LOUISE GOINGS Box 51, Owl Branch Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7792

32 GENERAL GRANT

General Grant gives lectures and workshops on Cherokee spirituality and medicine, woodcarving, silversmithing, bone and antler carving, ﬂint knapping, drum making, primitive technology, and making reproductions of traditional artifacts. He is also an accomplished powwow dancer and is pictured here in powwow regalia.

General Grant grew up in East Tennessee in a family of eight children. His mother was a member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. His father, a Lakota Sioux, gave him the name “General” in honor of General Ulysses S. Grant. “Both of my parents were artists by necessity,” he says, “because whatever they needed, they made. Today, those things they made are considered art.” At the age of ﬁfteen, General Grant moved back to Cherokee and eventually settled there and started his own family. When he was injured doing carpentry work, he turned to the art forms he had learned from his parents as a way to earn a living and support his family.

Today, General Grant is owner and operator of the Traditional Hands Art Gallery and Studio in Cherokee, a working studio where visitors can purchase traditional and contemporary Indian art and talk with the artist. He has received awards for his work in many places including the Hunter Mountain Art Show, the Mohegan Powwow, the Pequot Powwow at Foxwoods Casino, and at White Wolf courtesy of the artist Presents. As a founding member of the Seven Clans Art Guild in Cherokee, he participates in shows and demonstrations sponsored by the guild.

General Grant works with groups ranging in age from kindergartners to senior citizens, and he will present lectures and hands-on workshops designed for groups with special interests. His fee is negotiable and he is willing to travel if expenses are reimbursed. For hands-on workshops, he needs good lighting. If traveling outside the United States, he will need customs clearance for his materials.

GENERAL GRANT P.O. Box 144 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-3370 (phone) (828) 497-3525 (fax)

33 TOM HILL

Tom Hill tells traditional Cherokee stories. He can adapt his storytelling presentations to any age group, from children to senior citizens. In addition to his storytelling performances, he also integrates Cherokee storytelling into his adventure-based youth programs.

Although he grew up in a family that traveled to accommodate his father’s career in the U.S. Navy, Tom Hill spent every summer in Cherokee with his grandmother, Elizabeth Hornbuckle. After he married, he and his wife moved to Cherokee, where they have lived for more than sixteen years (except for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps in Dominica). His storytelling career began while leading an Outward Bound program in Pisgah Forest, when he discovered how strongly young people responded to stories and how useful sto-

Amy Davis ries were to them. Tom Hill continues to integrate American Indian legends and personal experience stories into his work with adventure-based programs for Cherokee youth at the Cherokee Center for Family Services.

Others have discovered Tom Hill’s talent. He has done storytelling performances at Cherokee Elementary School, in the Graham County Schools, in schools in Florida, at the Highlander Center in Tennessee, and for Boy Scout and Girl Scout troops. He has found that children enjoy Cherokee stories whether they are sitting on the ﬂoor of their school library or negotiating a high ropes course. Recently, he began telling interactive stories, letting some of the children become part of the story.

Tom Hill has some ﬂexibility with his work schedule and is willing to travel within a six-hour drive of Cherokee. His fee is negotiable and should include travel expenses.

TOM HILL 434 Sitton Creek Road Bryson City, NC 28713 (828) 488-8523 (home), evenings (828) 497-7291 (work), leave message

34 DAVID HORNBUCKLE

David Hornbuckle carves masks of the seven clans of the Cherokee. No stranger to the forest, he begins by ﬁnding and felling the trees for his carvings. In a shop behind his house he carves masks out of buckeye, bell wood, butternut, wild cherry, and walnut.

Raised on Stillwell Branch, David Hornbuckle has lived on the Qualla Boundary most of his life. All of his eleven brothers and sisters have some sort of artistic talent. “God’s gift is what it is,” he says. His brother Butch, another ﬁne carver, helped him learn about carving, and David began by carving small animals and bowls. He attended Cherokee Elementary School and Cherokee High School, where he studied woodcarving with Amanda Crowe. About ten years ago, he began carving the masks, most of which depict the seven clans of the Cherokee.

His masks are in great demand in Cherokee, and he

sells them through the Museum of the Cherokee Ron Ruehl Indian, and various craft shops including Talking Leaves, the Medicine Man, and shops in Southwest Village and Saunooke Village.

David Hornbuckle prefers to give carving demonstrations in the shop behind his house. His fee is negotiable. He can acommodate small groups. Call ahead of time to arrange a visit and get directions to his workshop.

DAVID HORNBUCKLE PO Box 214 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-4438

35 JENEAN HORNBUCKLE

Jenean Hornbuckle paints mountain landscapes in oil on canvas. She believes that her ability to see beauty in landscapes has been passed down over the years from her Cherokee ancestors.

Born on the Qualla Boundary, Jenean Hornbuckle attended Swain County High School, Appalachian State University, and finally Western Carolina University, where she obtained a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Her father worked as a forester, protecting and preserving the mountains, and Jenean’s paintings also preserve the beauty of the

Freeman Freeman Owle mountains, in artistic form. While the aesthetics of her paintings come from traditional Cherokee culture, she developed her technical skill of painting in high school and college ﬁne arts classes.

Jenean Hornbuckle’s impressive, large canvases have been exhibited in several shows at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and her work also hangs in Harrah’s Cherokee Casino. Jenean Hornbuckle has been instrumental in starting the Seven Clans Art Guild, a non-proﬁt organization dedicated to helping Cherokee artists show and sell their work.

From November to March, Jenean Hornbuckle is available to travel anywhere. From April through October, she oper- ates her own business in Cherokee. Her fee is negotiable and should include travel expenses. She can demonstrate painting for a festival crowd or smaller audience, and can teach art classes as well. She provides her own materials but would need easels for displaying her work.

JENEAN HORNBUCKLE PO Box 542 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2091 (home) (828) 497-3872 (work)

36 MARIE JUNALUSKA

Marie Junaluska speaks Cherokee ﬂuently and writes the Sequoyah syllabary. In her presentations, she introduces the Cherokee language, incorporates activities based on Cherokee history and culture, and teaches songs in Cherokee. She enjoys working with groups of all ages.

Growing up in the Wolftown community of the Qualla Boundary, Marie Junaluska spoke only Cherokee until she attended the Soco Day School at age seven. She spent her high school years at boarding school in the Riverside Indian School in Anadarko, Oklahoma, where she met people from many Indian nations. Since the 1980s, she has taught the Cherokee language to students in Cherokee schools. From 1981 until 1996, she served as the Indian Clerk and Interpreter for the Tribal Council, training with Maggie Wachacha, the previous Interpreter. Since 1997, she has served as an elected member of the Tribal Council of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, representing the Painttown Community.

Marie Junaluska has presented educational programs throughout North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. She is an outstanding translator and educator and has worked with courtesy of the artist Special Collections at Western Carolina University, translating articles in the Cherokee Phoenix (published 1828-1834) from the Cherokee syllabary into English. One of Marie Junaluska’s translations into the Cherokee language and syllabary was featured in Living Stories of the Cherokee. She has served as a consultant on many projects, including the new permanent exhibit at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, the museum’s website, and ﬁlm projects by Disney Imagineering. She is helping the Smithsonian Institution develop a Cherokee Indian exhibit for the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D. C.

Marie Junaluska adapts her presentations to audiences of all ages. Her presentation requires a black or white board, pointer, and ﬂip chart. Her fees are negotiable, and she is willing to travel anywhere if travel expenses are reimbursed.

MARIE JUNALUSKA PO Box 455 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2771 (work) call between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.

37 VIRGIL LEDFORD

Virgil Ledford carves animal and human figures out of walnut, cherry, buckeye, and cedar, finishing them to a high gloss. A talented and prolific carver, Virgil Ledford has made his living as a carver for many years and enjoys offering demonstrations of his craft.

Growing up in the Birdtown community, Virgil Ledford heard stories about his great-grandfather Murphy, who “could carve anything he wanted.” Virgil attended Birdtown Day School and Cherokee High School, where he studied woodcarving with Amanda Crowe for three years. He credits her with teaching him how to create his own unique designs while basing them in the culture of his people. After high school, he continued to teach himself about woodcarving. Aside from two jobs he held as an auto mechanic in the 1960s, Virgil Ledford has

Cedric N. Chatterley made a living as a woodcarver for many years: “I didn’t know it was going to be my livelihood. It’s a God given talent. I just made it work for me.” When he needs a break from carving, he tinkers with engines to keep up his mechanical skills.

Virgil Ledford has demonstrated woodcarving at Mountain Heritage Day in Cullowhee, and at events in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and in Clarksville, Georgia. He has carved many pieces on commission for private collections all across the country, and has also carved pieces for local churches. Some of his larger pieces depict historical and legendary Cherokee figures. His sculpture of Sequoyah was purchased by the Tennessee Valley Authority for the official opening of the Sequoyah Birthplace Museum in Vonore, Tennessee, and his sculpture of a Cherokee hunter with an eagle has became the official logo of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in 1975. In 1995 he received a North Carolina Folk Heritage Award, and he has won prizes from the Ford Motor Company and the Cherokee Fall Fair for his carvings. Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, where he is a member and where he sells his carvings, has recognized Virgil Ledford with an award for his years of outstanding service.

Virgil Ledford will consider traveling anywhere to give a woodcarving demonstration, except during the summer, when he is generally not available. His fee is negotiable, and he must be compensated for travel expenses.

VIRGIL LEDFORD 216 Old Soco Road Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6250

38 ERNIE LOSSIAH

Ernie Lossiah, a member of the Wolf clan, makes and plays the traditional Cherokee ﬂute. He also carves wood and stone, and he is an artist who works in pencil and in pen and ink.

Born and raised in the Piney Grove community on the Qualla Boundary, Ernie Lossiah attended both Cherokee Elementary and Cherokee High Schools. He learned woodcarving from Amanda Crowe in high school and has continued carving. He grew up in a very musical family; his father and all of his brothers play music. When he became interested in having a flute with wolves carved on it, a friend showed him how to carve a flute out of cedar, and he has been making and playing these flutes since then.

Ernie Lossiah has demonstrated ﬂute making and playing at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian. One of his carvings has been collected by the Smithsonian Institution. Recently he helped write and illustrate a book called The Secrets and Mysteries of the Cherokee Little People, which features legends about the mysterious Cherokee little people. Lossiah’s collaborator was his wife Lynn Lossiah Lynn, also a talented artist. This book and Lossiah’s other work are available at the Gift Shop of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian and at the Medicine Man Craft Shop. Ernie Lossiah also sells his work through directly through Lossiah Arts, his self-owned company.

Ernie Lossiah travels with his wife. His fee for presenting programs is negotiable, and he would consider traveling anywhere if compensated for it. He can provide demonstration programs for audiences of any size. He prefers to be contacted by mail.

ERNIE LOSSIAH Lossiah Arts PO Box 2215 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-0118

39 LUCILLE LOSSIAH

Lucille Lossiah makes double and single weave baskets from white oak, maple, and rivercane. She strips her own cane to make splits and dyes these herself with black walnut, yellowroot, and bloodroot.

From her mother, Mary Jane Lossiah, and her grandmother, Betty Lossiah, Lucille learned the tradition and family styles of basketweaving. Maple weaving, she says, is her favorite because she learned it ﬁrst. She was born in the Painttown community in Cherokee and graduated from Cherokee High School. As a child, Lucille Lossiah spoke the Cherokee language at home, not learning English until she started school. The Cherokee language is still the primary language she uses for conversations with her mother and her sister.

For fourteen years Lucille Lossiah has demonstrated basketweaving at the Oconaluftee Indian Village where she ﬁrst learned rivercane basketry. She has demonstrated basketweaving along the East Coast from South Carolina to New York, and she demonstrates at the Atlanta History Museum every other year. Her work is sold at Qualla Arts and Crafts and The Indian Store in

Tes Tes Thraves downtown Cherokee, and by special order.

Lucille Lossiah will do demonstrations for any size group and will travel anywhere, if given enough advance notice. At least two months prior notice by mail is suggested. She can travel with her sister Ramona Lossie or by herself. Her fee is negotiable but must include travel costs. Lucille Lossiah requests permission to sell her work at demonstrations.

LUCILLE LOSSIAH PO Box 12 Cherokee, NC 28719

40 RAMONA LOSSIE

Ramona Lossie demonstrates doubleweave rivercane, white oak, and maple basketmaking. She can also teach hands-on workshops to groups of any age, but particularly enjoys working with young people. Using pre-pack- aged materials, she will teach workshops on weaving white oak and maple baskets. Her workshops on rivercane basketweaving begin with collecting the rivercane, making splints, dyeing splints, and ﬁnally weaving the basket.

She grew up in the Painttown community in Cherokee and learned basketweaving from watching her mother and grandmother. After graduating from high school, she continued her education at Western Carolina University and the University of Tennessee. In her early twenties, she began to see basketweaving as something she could do as an artist. Now she supports herself through basketweaving so she can continue her family traditions and stay home with her two girls.

Ramona often travels from her home in Cherokee, North Carolina, to Knoxville, Tennessee. She has done many exhibitions and demonstrations at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville and helped organize a Native

American exhibition celebration at the university. She Tes Thraves has participated in numerous fairs and powwows by demonstrating and teaching basketweaving, and by selling her work. Her work has won blue ribbons at festivals in Chicago, Albuquerque, and Wisconsin, and it has been featured in an Atlanta newspaper. Her baskets are on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., and in museums in Albuquerque, Chicago, Atlanta, and in Florida. In Cherokee her work is sold at Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, Talking Leaves, Bigmeet Pottery, and the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Ramona Lossie will travel anywhere to teach and demonstrate. For distances over two hundred miles from Cherokee, she requires a deposit for mileage. She recommends initiating contact at least two months before scheduled events. She can be contacted by mail. Her fees are negotiable and she requires reimbursement for travel expenses. She also requests permission to sell her work at demonstrations and workshops.

RAMONA LOSSIE PO Box 1684 Cherokee, NC 28719

41 BETTY MANEY

Betty Maney makes white oak baskets, pottery, Cherokee dolls, and a variety of beadwork pieces. In addition to being a talented craftsperson and demonstrator, she also excels as an educator in hands-on workshops.

Growing up in the Big Cove community, Betty Maney attended Cherokee schools through the seventh grade. Her mother, a basketmaker who was raising eight children, then moved the family to Florida to seek better employment. Betty Maney’s mother had learned basketry from her mother-in-law, Annie Powell Welch, and Betty Maney, in turn, learned basketry from watching her mother. “God gave me the talent of basketmaking in the early years as a little girl,” she says. “It was then that I began to pay close attention to the details of how Mom would construct her white oak baskets.”

Tes Tes Thraves Betty Maney returned to Cherokee in 1982 with a family of her own, and gradually began to reconnect with Cherokee arts and crafts. In the late 1980s, she began making white oak baskets again. Her husband Sam splits the white oak for her and makes the hickory handles; Betty uses bloodroot and butternut to dye the splints. When she became interested in pottery, she sought out Amanda Swimmer and learned from her, as well as from her own sister-in-law, Melissa Ann Maney. “If I like something, I just start asking questions of people, then reading, and learning,” she explains. More recently, she began to design brilliant beaded jewelry and a unique series of beaded tablecloths, lamp shades, and valances.

Betty Maney has demonstrated basketry and beadwork in Cincinnati, Ohio, Huntington, New York, and at The Healing of Our Spirits Conference in Sydney, Australia. She has displayed her work at the Asheville Kituwah Festival, the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and the Cherokee Voices Festival. Her miniature baskets and her beadwork have won ﬁrst place at the Cherokee Fall Fair for three consecutive years. She has taught basketry, beadwork, and pottery to the advanced art class at Swain High School and conducted hands-on workshops at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian. She teaches each year at the Cherokee Youth Arts and Culture camp sponsored by the Qualla Housing Authority Drug Elimination Program.

Her work is available at Qualla Arts and Crafts, the gift shop of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, the Medicine Man Arts and Crafts shop, and from Betty Maney directly.

Betty Maney is willing to travel anywhere if her travel expenses are reimbursed, and the amount of her fee is negotiable. She is not available to work or demonstrate on Sundays.

BETTY (GWE-DI) L. MANEY PO Box 170 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7708, call between 9 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Fax: same number

42 KATRINA MANEY

Katrina Maney weaves white oak baskets dyed with bloodroot and walnut. She has made baskets in many forms, such as plant holders, ﬁshing creels, purses, wastebaskets, fruit baskets, and wall baskets. She gives demonstrations and teaches classes in basketry.

Born in Swain County and raised in the Birdtown community on the Qualla Boundary, Katrina Maney began weaving baskets when she was fourteen years old, learning from her mother, the well-known basketmaker Emma Taylor. After graduating from

Cherokee High School, she demon- Amy Davis strated basket weaving at the Oconoluftee Indian Village for seven years. She married and had three children, and then began making baskets again. Although she makes a variety of basket forms, she continues to use her mother’s patterns in her baskets.

Katrina Maney demonstrates at the Oconoluftee Indian Village from May through October every year and has demonstrated basketry at elementary schools in North Carolina and Tennessee. She sells her baskets through Qualla Arts and Crafts. Katrina has also created a white oak basketmaking kit for beginners.

Her fee for demonstrations is $100 per day, and she is willing to travel if expenses are reimbursed.

KATRINA MANEY PO Box 564 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6143

43 LOUISE BIGMEET MANEY

Louise Bigmeet Maney offers pottery demonstrations and more general Cherokee cultural heritage presentations, including foodways discussions accompanied by samples for tasting. She and her husband, John Henry Maney, also a potter, work frequently with school groups and adult audiences. Together, they operate the Bigmeet House of Pottery on Route 19 in Cherokee. There they sell their own work and that of other Cherokee traditional crafts people, and also maintain an outstanding display of Cherokee crafts and historical photographs.

Born and raised on Wrights Creek, Louise Bigmeet (a surname meaning, “big meeting place”) grew up helping her mother make pottery, some of which they traded for coffee, sugar, and ﬂour. She traces her heritage as a potter through generations of Cherokee women: Louise’s mother, Charlotte Welch Bigmeat (an older spelling of the name), and her aunt, Maude Welch, were both prominent Cherokee potters.

After attending Soco Day School and Cherokee Central High

Julie Stovall School, Louise Bigmeet Maney worked for years as an educator in the local community development program and in the local schools. When she retired in 1987, she returned to making pottery, and she and her husband opened their own shop. All their work is ﬁnished using traditional methods. Louise Maney’s pottery continues to be in great demand, and has been collected by the Smithsonian Institution.

Louise Bigmeet Maney takes seriously her role as educator. Local school groups and others have discovered that a visit to the Bigmeet House of Pottery provides an educational experience. She is active in the North American Indian Women’s Association (NAIWA) and in the Painttown Community Organization. For her work in preserving Cherokee tradition, Louise Bigmeet Maney received the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award in 1998.

Louise Bigmeet Maney prefers to do programs and demonstrations in the western parts of North Carolina, but will consider traveling to other areas. She travels with her husband, and they have more time available during the win- ter months than during the summer. Her fee is negotiable, and must include compensation for travel.

LOUISE BIGMEET MANEY PO Box 583 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9544, call anytime before 9 p.m.

44 MELISSA ANN MANEY

Melissa Ann Maney demonstrates traditional pottery making and also teaches hands-on pottery classes to groups of all ages. She particularly enjoys working with students who are eight-to-twelve years old.

Growing up in the Yellowhill community on the Qualla Boundary, Melissa Maney learned the traditional Cherokee method of making pottery at home. Her grandmother, Cora Wahnetah, was a well known Cherokee potter whose work is owned by the Department of the Interior and is on permanent display at Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual in Cherokee. Melissa’s mother, Charlotte Wahnetah Maney, grew up watching her Amy Davis own mother Cora, and she passed on many of those traditional styles to her family.

Melissa Ann Maney has taught in several Cherokee communities, at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and at the Cherokee Youth Center (part of the Boys and Girls Clubs of America). She has demonstrated at arts festivals and has pottery in the McKissick Museum in Columbia, South Carolina.

Her work has received many ribbons and awards. She won ﬁrst place for her pottery at the Cherokee Fall Fair, and ﬁrst place in the Emerging Artist category at the Kituwah festival in Asheville. She has exhibited her pottery in North Carolina, South Carolina, and at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Melissa Ann Maney is willing to travel throughout the region, although her time is limited. Clay should be provided for her on-site. To complete pottery through the ﬁring stage, the class schedule needs to include time for drying the clay slowly. Call her at home to discuss arrangements. Her fee is negotiable and should include reimbursement for travel expenses.

MELISSA ANN MANEY PO Box 882 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-3119 (work) (828) 497-5277 (home)

45 SHIRLEY JACKSON OSWALT

Shirley Jackson Oswalt does beadwork, carves designs on gourds, and makes white oak baskets. She demonstrates these crafts at festivals and schools, and can also teach hands-on workshops. She can also lecture about Cherokee crafts in general, for example, explaining how blowguns are made. Shirley grows the gourds that she carves as well as the corn beads she uses in beadwork. Other natural materials such as vines and seeds are incorporated into her work. A native speaker of the Cherokee language, she can lecture on and provide workshops about the language.

Born at home in the Snowbird Community, Shirley Jackson Oswalt grew up attending the Snowbird Indian School. This was not a boarding school, but a small Indian community school, and she describes it as a really good experience. “They taught us to do the very best we could in whatever we did. And they taught us to keep our Cherokee language.” Shirley also learned traditional crafts from her family. When she was a child, she watched her mother weave bas-

Mike Kesselring kets and do beadwork. Later she learned more about beadwork from her sister-in-law. “I try to learn a little bit of everything,” she says.

Shirley Jackson Oswalt has demonstrated beadwork and basketry, taught workshops, and provided programs at schools in her own community and throughout North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. She has participated in many festivals, including the Fading Voices Festival in Snowbird, the Cherokee Voices Festival at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and the Sequoyah Birthplace Museum Festival in Tennessee. She is a member of the Seven Clans Art Guild.

Shirley Jackson Oswalt is willing to travel and to work with groups of all ages. Travel expenses should be compensated. Her fee is negotiable, but payment should also include the expense of materials for hands-on workshops.

SHIRLEY JACKSON OSWALT

Box 331 Jackson Branch Rd. Robbinsville, NC 28771 (828) 479-8425

46 FREEMAN OWLE

Freeman Owle tells traditional Cherokee stories, carves wood and stone, and talks about Cherokee culture and history. He can demonstrate wood and stone carving, and he can provide hands-on carving workshops. Demonstrations and workshops can be arranged for small or large groups of all ages.

Growing up in the Birdtown community, Freeman Owle learned to carve wood at an early age. “Every young man had a knife in his pocket from the age of seven,” he says. At Cherokee High School, he studied woodcarving with Amanda Crowe. He started by carving wooden bowls, which he sold to Qualla Arts and Crafts.

He later attended Gardner Webb College and Amy Davis then earned a Master’s degree in Education from Western Carolina University. He taught sixth grade at Cherokee Elementary for fourteen years, and while teaching, he began to tell the Cherokee stories he had learned growing up.

Freeman Owle has told stories and presented programs on Cherokee history and culture throughout the Southeast for more than ten years. His audiences have included children, school teachers, executives on retreat, Elderhostel groups, and the general public. Locations for these programs have ranged from public schools in several states and the North Carolina Center for the Advancement of Teaching in Cullowhee to Lake Junaluska, Cataloochee Ranch, the Ofﬁcer’s Club at Fort Benning, Georgia, and the Appalachian Studies Conference. He has also led retreats at the Living Waters Reﬂection Center in Maggie Valley, North Carolina. In addition, he has given demonstrations of stone carving and woodcarving, along with hands-on carving workshops, at universities in Kentucky and North Carolina and at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Well known in the Cherokee community, Freeman Owle serves on the board of directors of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual and is a coordinator for the Cherokee Heritage Trails project of the Blue Ridge Heritage Initiative. He is one of the featured storytellers in the book Living Stories of the Cherokee, and he also appears in the video documentary Cherokee: The Principal People, which aired on public television in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky.

Freeman Owle is willing to travel extensively. Call to determine his fees for presentations and his travel costs. He will need a sound system for larger audiences.

FREEMAN OWLE PO Box 855 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-5317, call between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. Fax: same number

47 LLOYD CARL OWLE

Lloyd Carl Owle uses his knowledge of legends and stories to carve masks, birds, and animals, describing his work as “realistic with subtle emphasis on the mystical.” He demonstrates stone and wood carving, and uses a slide program to discuss carving and other Cherokee arts. He also speaks on Cherokee culture, history, and spirituality.

Born in 1943 and raised on the Qualla Boundary, Lloyd Owle went to Birdtown Day School, Cherokee High School, Swain High School, and Western Carolina University. He took wood carving classes in high school, and was inspired by Mose Owle, who worked for the Cherokee Historical Association and made stone pipes carved with animal ﬁg- ures. Lloyd Owle also learned from John Julius Wilnoty, an internationally known Cherokee carver. Since 1990, Lloyd Owle has worked at the Unity Regional Youth Treatment Center, where he applies the teachings of Cherokee arts, crafts, history, and culture to help youths who are battling alcoholism and drug addiction. Art, he believes, is a way of communication. A spiritual man himself, Lloyd Owle also uses the Cherokee sweat lodge to aid troubled youths.

Ron Ruehl Indian Health Services of the United South and Eastern Tribes employs Lloyd Owle as their Cultural Intervention Specialist, the ﬁrst position of this sort to make use of traditional teachings and knowledge in youth rehabilitation.

Lloyd Owle has taught carving classes all across the country, including New York City, Washington D.C., and the Arrowmont Center in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, as well as in numerous community colleges and public schools. He has taught in the teacher training programs and elderhostel programs at Western Carolina University, and he demonstrates carving at the WCU Mountain Heritage Day. His carvings are available for sale directly from him and also at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian Gift Shop, Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, and other shops in Cherokee. He has been featured in articles in Mountain Living and Appalachian Heritage magazines.

Lloyd Owle will travel anywhere to present programs, as his work schedule allows. Call him for information about fees. In addition, all travel, food, and hotel expenses must be covered. He requests payment at the time of service.

LLOYD CARL OWLE PO Box 331 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6854, call between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

48 POLLY RATTLER

Polly Rattler teaches hands-on workshops in corn shuck doll making, beadwork, and miniature basketmaking. She can work with groups of any age. She has adapted her workshops on baskets and and corn shuck dolls for kindergarten to third grade students.

The daughter of Elsie and Leroy Rattler and granddaughter of Morgan and Bertha Rattler and Jake and Lula Wolfe, Polly Rattler traces her lineage back to the removal of the Cherokee people. She was born in Cherokee and grew up in both Robbinsville and Cherokee, attending Little Snowbird School, Cherokee Elementary School, and Cherokee High School. Cherokee was her family’s primary language, so Polly Rattler did not learn English until she began attending school. All of her six brothers are carvers and one is also a basketmaker. Polly Rattler learned her crafts from watching her family and other elders. She remembers her Grandmother Bertha Rattler trading baskets for shoes and other needs, and giving Polly the extra splints to learn with. Ron Ruehl

For ten years Polly Rattler attended powwows, demonstrating and selling her work all over the country. She received numerous awards and ribbons at powwows and festivals for her work and has pieces in museums in Cherokee and at the Sequoyah Birthplace Museum in Tennessee. She later began concentrating on ﬁlling special orders for her work, spending more time at home in her workshop. Her elegantly detailed corn shuck dolls are special ordered by stores and galleries in North Carolina, New York, Washington State, and Oklahoma. For the last nine years she has demonstrated at the “Village of Yesteryear” at the North Carolina State Fair in Raleigh. She is a member of Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual where her work is available for sale.

Polly Rattler will travel anywhere if compensated for travel. Her fee is negotiable, and she prefers to be contacted by phone.

POLLY RATTLER PO Box 704 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-4573

49 BOB REED

Bob Reed demonstrates the making of arrowheads, blowguns, and blowgun darts as well as the use of the blowgun. He also demonstrates wood carving and chipping arrowheads. His presentations describe Cherokee life during the 1500–1600s, a time when Cherokees were making their own tools. Typically, he presents school programs for students in 5th grade and older, and he always leaves time for question and answer sessions.

Bob Reed grew up in the Big Cove Community of the Qualla Boundary and attended Cherokee Elementary and High Schools. He learned much about the old Cherokee way of life from his grandfather. As a youngster, he was fascinated

Amy Davis with old arrowheads, and later learned the art of arrowhead chipping from Johnson Bradley. Bob Reed learned woodcarving from the renowned artist Amanda Crowe when she taught at Cherokee High School. In 1965, he joined the U.S. Army and served in the Vietnam war. He has been working as a guide at the Oconuluftee Indian Village since 1969, where he learned to make blowguns, darts, and bowdrills. Bob Reed is a champion blowgun competitor.

Through his years of experience at the Oconaluftee Living History Village, Bob Reed has become comfortable with the public. In the mid-1970s, Bob Reed began giving school presentations about Cherokee life and culture. He has performed at Mountain Heritage Day at Western Carolina University, at Mars Hill College, at many area school systems throughout western North Carolina, and at events in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Georgia.

Call to discuss the amount of his fee. Bob Reed will travel anywhere, as long as his travel costs are reimbursed. He will need help lifting any demonstration equipment that weighs more than ﬁve pounds.

BOB REED PO Box 615 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-6356

50 RICHARD SAUNOOKE

Richard Saunooke has been creating historically accurate and beautiful Native American dress and crafts for the past twenty years. He does meticulous beadwork, leatherwork, quillwork, and painting to create medicine bags, pipe bags, pouches, shields, knife sheaths, quivers, and drums.

Born and raised in Chicago, Richard Saunooke moved to Cherokee in the mid 1980s to live on land owned by his father, Freeman Saunooke. Richard Saunooke has worked for many years at Cherokee High School. While still living in Chicago, he attended the Feast of the Hunter’s Moon Festival, an eighteenth-century re-enactment in West Lafayette, Indiana, sponsored by the Tippicanoe Historical Society. This event inspired him to create his own accoutrements for the French and Indian War era, which he wore to the festival the following year.

For the past twenty years, Richard Saunooke has continued to research artifacts from that era and has perfected the techniques necessary to create them.

He uses glass beads, feathers, fur, porcupine quills, courtesy of the artist hides and bone, collecting some of these from the wild and bartering for others. He begins each piece by studying and collecting historical information, using museum publications to obtain accurate detailed knowledge. He antiques materials and airbrushes feathers to get the exact look he wants.

Richard Saunooke has demonstrated his craft at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, and at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, where his work is on exhibit and for sale. He also makes and sells work to private collectors.

He is available for demonstrations, but must coordinate engagements with his work schedule. The amount of his fee is negotiable and must cover any travel expenses.

RICHARD SAUNOOKE PO Box 1689 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-5532 (home)

51 BUD SMITH

Bud Smith carves wood into bears, birds, and other live- ly ﬁgures. He teaches workshops in wood carving, demonstrates carving, and also exhibits his work. “I consider wood carving a ﬁne art, not a craft,” Smith says.

Growing up in the Big Y community of the Qualla Boundary, Bud Smith graduated from Cherokee High School, where he learned to carve from Amanda Crowe. Although he lived in the western United States for some years, Smith has returned home. He now teaches wood carving at Cherokee High School. “To carry on for Amanda Crowe is my mission,” he says.

Smith’s carvings, in a variety of woods, have been widely exhibited and have received recognition nationally. He has exhibited at the Santa Fe Indian Market, the Heard Museum in Phoenix, the Dallas Art Market, the Albuquerque Cultural Center, the Giduwah Festival in Asheville, and the Museum of the Cherokee Indian. He has taught carving at the Cherokee Heritage Weekend of

courtesy of the artist the Swannanoa Gathering and in other settings.

Bud Smith is willing to travel and can teach hands-on workshops, demonstrate carving, and exhibit his work. He needs tables. His fees are negotiable and should include travel expenses. The best time to contact him is after 4 p. m. at his home phone number. He can take occasional calls at work during the time he is not teaching.

J. BUD SMITH PO Box 2291 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-7739, after 4 p. m. on weekdays

52 EMILY SMITH

Emily Smith makes white oak baskets and honeysuckle baskets with materials gathered from the woods and dyed with natural dyes. She can demonstrate basketry, or she can teach small group hands-on workshops. She enjoys working with students of any age, up to and including senior citizens. Groups should include no more than ﬁfteen students.

Born and raised on Indian Creek, Emily Smith has lived on the Qualla Boundary all of her life. She attended day school at the Big Cove school, and eventually earned her Amy Davis GED. Both her father and mother were basket makers; her mother in particular made white oak baskets. When Emily was eight years old, she began making baskets with little oak strips that her parents discarded. Her ﬁrst basket was a bread basket, and her family used it to store silverware for many years. Her husband Levi Smith has helped her locate the white oak trees, fell them, split the logs, and then strip the wood to provide splints for her baskets. She dyes some of these strips with walnut and with bloodroot for decorative weaving.

Emily Smith has presented programs about basketry at schools and colleges in Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama. Although she occasionally makes baskets from honeysuckle vines, she is best known for her white oak baskets.

Accompanied by her daughter JoAnn, Emily Smith is willing to travel throughout the region to demonstrate basketmaking or teach one-day workshops. Her daughter assists her with driving and with the programs. Hands-on workshops must supply the following materials on site: scissors or knives for each student, tables, and blue denim or other thick material for padding the lap while weaving the white oak splints. Their fee is negotiable and must include compensation for any travel.

EMILY SMITH 276 Sherrill Cove Road Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2166 (home)

53 EDDIE SWIMMER

Eddie Swimmer is an accomplished dancer, storyteller, and public speaker. His programs include dance, storytelling, plant lore, and explorations of stereotypes. He performs a number of Native American dances including the Apache Spirit Dance, Iroquois dance, Cherokee traditional dances, and Northwest coastal dances.

Raised in the Big Cove Community on the Qualla Boundary, Eddie Swimmer ﬁrst learned dancing from his family. By watching traditional dancers, he learned Cherokee dance steps. After attending Western Carolina University and Brigham Young University, he moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he studied with Tony Whitecloud, founder of the modern Native American Hoop dance.

For several years, Eddie Swimmer held the title of the World Champion Hoop dancer, and for more than ten years, he toured the world with Native American dance groups, performing throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Eddie courtesy of the artist Swimmer performed in the opening ceremonies of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, at the 1994 World Cup Soccer Tournament in Dallas, and in the 1993 Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City. Also in New York he choreographed a hoop dance number in the Broadway production of Annie Get Your Gun. He is the founder of the native dance group Native Movements. Eddie Swimmer has also toured extensively with numerous musical groups: Robbie Robertson’s “Music of the Native Americas,” Tony Hymes of the Jeff Beck Band, The Edge of U2, Joanne Shanadoah, Ulali, Floyd “Red Crow” Westerman, and Buffy Saint Marie. After eighteen years based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Eddie Swimmer has relocated to his home in Cherokee. His portrait appears on the U.S. postage stamp for the Native Dance Series.

Swimmer’s programs typically last about forty-ﬁve minutes. He works with people of all ages and is willing to travel anywhere. For performances, he needs a microphone, an audio cassette/CD player, and at minimum an eight-by-ten foot room with an eight-foot high ceiling. His fee is negotiable and must cover any travel costs.

EDDIE SWIMMER PO Box 2354 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9154 (home) [email protected]

54 JAMES “BO” TAYLOR

James “Bo” Taylor’s programs include Cherokee dancing, powwow dancing, dance songs, and discussion of Cherokee history, culture, and stereotypes. He is pictured here wearing the regalia of a powwow grass dancer. He adapts his presentations to audiences of all ages and sizes, and always encourages them to participate in dancing and discussion.

Raised in the Wolfetown community on the Qualla Boundary, Bo Taylor is a member of the Cherokee Long Hair clan. As a boy, Bo Taylor danced in downtown Cherokee with

Leroy Tramper. His grandfather Larch Taylor Amy Davis sang to him in the Cherokee language and danced with him.

Describing himself as “big into the old ways,” Bo Taylor feels he has earned his Cherokee name of Come Back Wolf. Bo has “come back” to the traditional Cherokee ways from a time when he was a high school football star, but ashamed to be Indian. He has studied, practiced, and promoted his Cherokee heritage.

Greatly inﬂuenced by his time spent with elders Walker Calhoun and Robert Bushyhead, Bo Taylor has learned the Cherokee dances and can read and write the Cherokee language. He has also learned songs and dances from wax cylinders that Will West Long recorded in the 1930s, and has taught these dances to children. He earned a degree in anthropology with a minor in Cherokee Studies from Western Carolina University and now serves as archivist at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Bo Taylor found his strength as a grass dancer at age nineteen, and since then has won many trophies, championships, and cash prizes. “Dancing paid my way through college,” he says. He continues to dance at powwows in the Southeast, in Oklahoma, and in Canada. His presentations to schools and other groups have covered the Southeast, and he also participates in the Educational Outreach Program of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

Bo Taylor is available for programs on dance, music, storytelling, and Cherokee culture for groups of all ages and sizes. He is willing to travel anywhere if reimbursed for travel expenses. His fee is negotiable. For larger audiences, ampliﬁ- cation will be needed.

JAMES “BO” TAYLOR PO Box 589 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9289 (home) (828) 497-3481 (work)

55 SHIRLEY TAYLOR

Shirley Taylor makes white oak baskets dyed with walnut and bloodroot. She can also demonstrate basketmaking and teach hands-on classes.

Born and raised in Big Cove, Shirley Taylor graduated from Cherokee High School and continues to live on the Qualla Boundary, where she owns and manages a motel. She learned basketry from her mother-in-law, well-known basketmaker Emma Taylor, and has practiced basketmaking for the past ﬁfteen years. Her grandchildren are now learning to make baskets from her.

Shirley Taylor has presented programs and hands-on workshops for elementary schools, heritage days, and festivals. A member of the Qualla Arts and Crafts Mutual, she sells her baskets there, at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, and by special order. Her baskets have won ribbons at the Cherokee Fall Fair and are exhibited at the Mountain Heritage Center at Western Carolina University.

From November through March, Shirley Taylor is available to demonstrate basketmaking, from producing the splints and dyeing them to weaving the basket. She recommends

Tes Tes Thraves at least four-to-ﬁve hours of instruction for making a simple basket. She can provide materials. Her fee is negotiable, and travel, lodging, and expenses should be included. She would like permission to sell her baskets when she does demonstrations.

SHIRLEY TAYLOR Star Rt, Box 14 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-4618

56 REUBEN TEESATUSKIE

Reuben Teesatuskie is skilled in woodcarving, silversmithing, and storytelling. He presents programs that include Cherokee language, history, and storytelling. He also demonstrates wood carving and teaches Cherokee traditional dances.

Reuben Teesatuskie (tee-sah-tes-skee) was born and raised on a hill overlooking the center of the town of Cherokee, the son of a preacher from Robbinsville who could read and write the Cherokee language. While living near the Mountainside Theater where the outdoor drama Unto These Hills is presented, Reuben Teesatuskie worked there for thirteen summers, beginning at age twelve. As a teenager he learned silversmithing from Florence Martin and woodcarving from Amanda Crowe. The ﬁrst bowl he made won ﬁrst prize at the Cherokee Fall Fair. On graduating from Cherokee High School, he attended the Institute for American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he continued to study silversmithing. Ron Ruehl

While working on the Cherokee Progress and Challenge Project, Reuben Teesatuskie visited and interviewed many tribal elders, learning about Cherokee culture. As editor of the Cherokee One Feather newspaper, he edited and published these interviews. He has served on the Tribal Council, and directed the Cherokee Ceremonial Grounds for four years.

Reuben Teesatuskie has lectured on Cherokee culture in museums and schools from Virginia to California. He taught a three-day course at the Nantahala Whitewater Center in western North Carolina. He also lectures for groups through the Educational Outreach Program at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian.

He adapts programs to the needs of his audience. The amount of his fee is negotiable, and he will consider traveling anywhere if reimbursed. He requests ampliﬁcation for large audiences.

REUBEN TEESATUSKIE PO Box 1654 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-2043, call between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.

57 AMY WALKER

Amy Walker presents programs on Cherokee medicine and spirituality for groups of all ages and sizes. In her presentations, she uses legends, artwork, and personal experiences to explain Cherokee spirituality.

Born on the Qualla Boundary to a Cherokee mother and Lakota Sioux father, Amy Walker grew up on a farm in middle Tennessee and returned to Cherokee when she was twenty years old. She learned medicine from both her mother and father. Her mother grew many medicinal herbs on their farm, and they traveled throughout the region selling liniments, herbs, tonics and teas. People visited their home for treatment, where songs, prayers and plants were used “to enable a person to live life in a good way.”

Traditionalist, healer, and grandmother, Amy Walker’s spiritual journey has also been inﬂuenced by healers from Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Australia. She performs healing ceremonies and is a spiritual teacher. She also brings these traditions to bear in her practices as a social worker. She says, “Most

Ron Ruehl healing work needs to come from within.”

Amy Walker has presented programs at the Unity Treatment Center in Cherokee, the Adult Chemical Dependency Unit at the Cherokee Indian Hospital, and the Cherokee Center for Family Services at The White Path Center. She often speaks at the annual North Carolina meeting of the Head Start program. She was featured in the exhibit “Health and Healing” at the North Carolina Museum of History in Raleigh.

Amy Walker works with people of all ages and audiences of all sizes. She is willing to travel when she can coordinate arrangements with her job. Her fee is negotiable, but must include compensation for travel expenses. For large audiences, she needs ampliﬁcation.

AMY WALKER PO Box 957 Cherokee, NC 28719 (828) 497-9156 (work)

58 THE WELCH FAMILY SINGERS

The Welch Family Singers — Alfred and Maybelle Welch, Mark and Nan Brown, and Lucy Weeks — perform gospel songs in English and in Cherokee. They accompany their traditional four-part harmonies with guitar and bass. “This is our ministry,” Alfred Welch says, “our work for the Lord.” Their renditions of hymns in the Cherokee language are part of a two-hundred-year- old tradition of Christian music among the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.

Alfred Welch grew up in the Big Cove community on the Qualla Boundary and Amy Davis attended school in Big Cove and Cherokee. He joined the army at age sixteen and served in Vietnam. In 1967, he moved to the Snowbird community, and has lived there ever since. Today he works on road construction and teaches Cherokee language at the Zion Hill Baptist Church. His wife, Maybelle, grew up in the Snowbird Community, attending the Snowbird Indian School and public school in Robbinsville.

Mark Brown also grew up in the Snowbird community. He sang bass for the Snowbird Quartet for many years. His wife Nan grew up in the Big Y community on the Qualla Boundary. She attended Cherokee Elementary School and graduated from Cherokee High School. Also playing with the group is Lucy Weeks, daughter of Mark Brown, who grew up in Snowbird. She plays bass guitar for the Welch Family Singers and also for several other local groups, including the praise band at her church.

The Welch Family Singers have been performing together for about ten years. They consider gospel songs in the Cherokee language to be their specialty. Alfred and Maybelle Welch and Mark and Nan Brown grew up speaking the Cherokee language and began singing in church. The Welch Family Singers have sung in Oklahoma, Georgia, Virginia, and for many churches and beneﬁts locally. The group also performs annually for the Trail of Tears Gospel Singing in Little Snowbird.

The quartet is willing to travel “wherever the Lord takes us.” Fees will be negotiated on an individual basis. A sound system will be needed for large audiences.

THE WELCH FAMILY SINGERS Route 1, Box 110D Robbinsville, NC 28771 (828) 479-9033 (Alfred and Maybelle Welch)

59 TOPICAL INDEX

ACTING CRAFTS CONSULTING Lloyd Arneach Jackie Bradley General Grant ARROWHEAD MAKING Betty DuPree See: Flint Knapping DANCE BASKETMAKING Ani-Kuwih [Mulberry] Dancers Emma Taylor Walker Calhoun Emma Garrett Eddie Swimmer Ed Goings James “Bo” Taylor Louise Goings Lucille Lossiah DART MAKING Ramona Lossie See: Blowgun and Dart Making Betty Maney Katrina Maney DOLL MAKING Shirley Jackson Oswalt Betty Maney Polly Rattler Polly Rattler Emily Smith Shirley Taylor DRESS — Historical Reproductions Richard Saunooke BASKETMAKING — Rivercane Emma Taylor DRUM MAKING Emma Garrett General Grant Lucille Lossiah Richard Saunooke Ramona Lossie FINGERWEAVING BEADWORKING Christina Goings Christina Goings Betty Maney FLINT KNAPPING Shirley Jackson Oswalt Davy Arch Polly Rattler Ed Goings Richard Saunooke General Grant Bob Reed BLOWGUN AND DART MAKING Walker Calhoun FLUTE MAKING Ed Goings Eddie Bushyhead Bob Reed Bill Crowe Ed Goings CHEROKEE LANGUAGE Ernie Lossiah Jean Bushyhead R. Eddie Bushyhead FLUTE PLAYING Marie Junaluska Eddie Bushyhead Shirley Oswalt Bill Crowe James “Bo” Taylor 60 FOODWAYS PAINTING Louise Maney Jenean Hornbuckle Emily Smith PEN AND INK DRAWING GENEALOGY CONSULTING Ernie Lossiah Pam Blankenship POTTERY MAKING GOURD CARVING Louise Bigmeet Maney Shirley Jackson Oswalt Melissa Maney Amanda Swimmer HISTORY AND CULTURE LECTURE/DISCUSSION Davy Arch QUILL WORKING Bill Crowe Richard Saunooke Freeman Owle Lloyd Carl Owle SILVERSMITHING Bob Reed General Grant Eddie Swimmer Reuben Teesatuskie James “Bo” Taylor Jerry Wolfe STONECARVING Freeman Owle LANGUAGE Lloyd Carl Owle See: Cherokee Language STORYTELLING MASK MAKING Davy Arch Davy Arch Lloyd Arneach Bill Crowe Tom Hill Virgil Crowe Freeman Owle David Hornbuckle Eddie Swimmer Reuben Teesatuskie MEDICINE AND SPIRITUALITY Jerry Wolfe General Grant Amy Walker WOODCARVING See also: Mask Making MUSIC PERFORMANCES — American Indian Flute Amanda Crowe Eddie Bushyhead Bill Crowe Bill Crowe Gilbert Crowe Ernie Lossiah Virgil Crowe George Goings MUSIC PERFORMANCES — Banjo General Grant Walker Calhoun Virgil Ledford Freeman Owle MUSIC PERFORMANCES — Cherokee Traditional Songs Lloyd Carl Owle Walker Calhoun Bob Reed James “Bo” Taylor Bud Smith Reuben Teesatuskie MUSIC PERFORMANCES — Gospel Songs in Jerry Wolfe Cherokee and English The Welch Family Singers The Cherokee Women’s Auxiliary Choir 61 WORKING WITH CHEROKEE ARTISTS

MAKING CONTACT Cherokee artists can be reached most directly through the contact information provided in this directory. An alter- native, however, is to contact them through the Ofﬁce of Cultural Resources of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Presenters and programmers who need assistance may contact Myrtle Driver for help. Her phone number in the Ofﬁce of Cultural Resources is (828) 488-5732.

PLANNING AND LOGISTICS As with any performing artist, make sure your terms are clear well in advance, preferably in writing. A simple contract can be very useful. If you use a letter instead, make sure it includes the following information: date of performance, place, and length of program, size and type of audience, amount of fee, amount of travel reimbursement, and anticipated date of payment. A letter should also include a map and a name, address, and phone number for the artist to contact if any problem arises. Artists should be paid on the date of the performance if at all possible.

RECORDING AND PHOTOGRAPHING PERFORMANCES Before any performance is recorded, videotaped, or photographed, get permission from the artist using a written release form. The release form can be simple, but should state the artist’s name, the person or organization doing the recording, and (most importantly) the way in which the sound recording (or photograph or videotape) will be used in the future. This release form should be signed and dated by the artist and signed and dated by the person doing the recording (or photo or video). A copy should be given to the artist, one that includes a name, address, and phone for the person doing the recording. The artist should also be provided with a copy of the ﬁnished work. If, at a later date, you ﬁnd that the material is going to be used in a way different from that stated on the release, a new release should be obtained. See page 64 for a sample release form.

AVOIDING STEREOTYPES Presenters will want to avoid perpetuating stereotypes and misconceptions of Cherokee people. Cherokees have occu- pied their ancestral homelands in North Carolina for thousands of years, and they have kept a distinct Cherokee identity even while adapting to changing lifestyles. Today, for example, older cultural traditions such as those described in this directory are important to many tribal members even though they live in comfortable houses, drive cars, shop at Wal-Mart, and use computers. Some traditions, though, have never been part of their culture. Cherokees did not have princesses, live in tepees, or wear Plains-style headdresses of eagle feathers as depicted in Hollywood movies. Cherokee people speak English, but some of them can also speak the Cherokee language. Cherokees are one of the few tribal groups east of the Mississippi that have retained their native language. Most of the artists listed in this directory will be happy to provide programmers with additional information about themselves on request.

62 SAMPLE CONTRACT

We (INSTITUTION OR ORGANIZATION)______contract with (NAME OF CHEROKEE ARTIST)______to perform at the following location: ______for the following dates and times: ______. Performances will last for______; the audience will be (SIZE OF AUDIENCE AND AGE RANGE):______.

In compensation for this performance, we (INSTITUTION OR ORGANIZATION) ______will pay (NAME OF CHEROKEE ARTIST) ______the amount of (FEE) ______to be paid at the time of the performance (OR SPECIFY DATE OF PAYMENT). We will also provide compensation for materials for hands-on workshops at the rate of ______as agreed upon.

In addition we will provide compensation for travel at the rate of (32 CENTS PER MILE OR FIXED RATE) ______and will provide compensation for food and lodging at the rate of______per day for ______days.

______SIGNATURE DATE

Organization:______

Address:______

Phone:______

Emergency contact for event:______(NAME, PHONE, CELL PHONE, EMAIL):

______SIGNATURE OF CHEROKEE ARTISTS DATE

Name:______

Address:______

Phone:______

63 SAMPLE RELEASE FORM

I, (ARTIST) ______agree to be recorded, photographed, and/or videotaped (whichever is the case) at the following event: ______on the date of ______.

I understand that this documentation will be used for the following purposes only, and I release these materials for

these speciﬁed purposes:______

______

______(SPECIFY HOW THE MATERIALSWILL BE USED: PUBLICITY, EDUCATION, RECORDINGS THAT WILL BE SOLD, WRITTENMATERIALS THAT WILL BE PUBLISHED , POSTERS, POST CARDS, CALEN- DARS, ETC. IF THE USE OF THE MATERIALS CHANGES FROM THAT SPECIFIED, A NEW RELEASE FORM SHOULD BE OBTAINED.)

I have (or have not) received compensation for these uses in the amount of (SPECIFY AMOUNT) ______

or for the consideration of future royalties in the amount of (SPECIFY AMOUNT) ______

______SIGNATURE DATE

Organization:______

Address:______

Phone:______

______SIGNATURE OF CHEROKEE ARTISTS DATE

Name:______

Address:______

Phone:______