References on Mediterranean Marine Conservation

Abdulla A (2004) Status and Conservation of Sharks in the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Abdulla A, Gomei M, Hyrenbach D, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Agardy T (2008) Challenges facing a network of representative marine protected areas in the Mediterranean: prioritizing the protection of underrepresented habitats. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66: 000–000 Abdulla A, Gomei M, Maison E, Piante C (2008) Status of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN, Malaga and WWF, France Airoldi L, Beck M (2007) Loss, status and trends for coastal marine habitats of Europe. Oceanogr Mar Biol Ann Rev 45: 345-405 Alban F, Appéré G, Boncoeur J (2006) Economic Analysis of Marine Protected Areas. A Literature Review. Empafish Project, Booklet nº 2. Editum Alban F, Roncin N, Boncoeur J (2008) Methodological Guidebook For Socio-economic Field Surveys of MPA users. EMPAFISH Project Arvanitidis C, Valavanis VD, Eleftheriou A, Costello MJ, Faulwetter S, Gotsis P, Kitsos MS, Kirmtzoglou I, Zenetos A, Petrov A, Galil B, Papageorgiou N (2006) MedOBIS: biogeographic information system for the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea Marine Ecology Progress Series 316: 225–230 Badalamenti F, D’Anna G, Pinnegar JK, Polunin NVC (2002) Size-related trophodynamic changes in three target fish species recovering from intensive trawling. Marine Biology 141: 561–570 Badalamenti F, Ramos A, Voultsiadou E, Sánchez Lizaso J, D'anna G, Pipitone C, Mas J, Fernandez J, Whitmarsh D, Riggio S (2002) Cultural and socio-economic impacts of Mediterranean marine protected areas. Environmental Conservation 27: 110-125 Ballesteros E, Torras X, Pinedo S, Garcia M, Mangialajo L, Torres MD (2007 ) A new methodology based on littoral community cartography dominated by macroalgae for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin 55 172–180 Baouendi A (1999) La protection côtière intégrée dans l´île de Djerba en Tunisie: réalités et perspectives. In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesareo Batisse M, de Grissac AJ (1998) A global representative system of marine protected areas. Volume 1; Marine Region 3 Mediterranean Sea Bazairi H, Salvati E, Benhissoune S, Tunesi L, Rais C, Agnesi S, Benhamza A, Franzosini C, Limam A, Mo G (2004) Considerations on a population of the endangered marine mollusc Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 (Gastropoda, Patellidae) in the Cala Iris islet (National Park of Al Hoceima - Morocco, Alboran sea). BOLLETTINO MALACOLOGICO 40: 95-100 Bearzi G (2006) Action Plan for the conservation of cetaceans in Libya. Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA), Libya’s Environment General Authority and Marine Biology Research Center Bearzi G (2007) Marine Conservation on Paper. Conservation Biology 21: 1-3 Becker N, Choresh Y (2006) Economic aspects of marine protected areas (MPAs). UNEP-MAP- RAC/SPA Ben Mustapha K, Komatsu T, Hattour A, Sammari C, Zarrouk S, Souissi A, Elabed A (2002) Tunisian mega benthos from Infra (Posidonia meadows) and circalittoral (Coralligenous) sites Bulletin de l'INSTM, 29. p. 23-36 Benedetti-Cecchi L, Pannacciulli F, Bulleri F, Moschella PS, Airoldi L, Relini G, Cinelli F (2001 ) Predicting the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance: large-scale effects of loss of canopy algae on rocky shores214: 137–150 Benoit G, Comeau A (2005) A Sustainable Future for the Mediterranean The Blue Plan's Environment and Development Outlook. Blue Plan Benovic A, Peharda M, Onofri V (1999) Marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea : Croatian experiences In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesareo Berghe V, E. WA, Costello MJ, Pissierssens P, (Eds) (2004) Proceedings of 'Ocean Biodiversity Informatics': an international conference on marine biodiversity data management In: UNESCO/IOC V, BSH (ed) Ocean Biodiversity Informatics': an international conference on marine biodiversity data management, Hamburg, Germany, pp 192 pp Bevilacqua S, Terlizzi A, Fraschetti S, Russo GF, Boero F (2006) Mitigating human disturbance: can protection influence trajectories of recovery in benthic assemblages? J. Anim. Ecol. 75: 908–920 Bianchi CN, Morri C (2000) Marine Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Situation, Problems and Prospects for Future Research. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 367-376 Bianchi F, Acri F (2003) The Island of Pantelleria (Sicily Strait, Italy): towards the establishment of a marine protected area. First oceanographic investigations. Bollettino DI Geofisica Teorica ED Applicata 44: 3-9 Borja A, Muxika I, Franco J (2003) The application of a Marine Biotic Index to different impact sources affecting soft-bottom benthic communities along European coasts. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46: 835–845 Borsani JF, Jahoda M (2005) Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) summering in the Ligurian Sea: distribution, encounter rate, mean group size and relation to physiographic variables. J. Cetacean Res. Manage 7: 137-145 Boudouresque C, Cadiou G, Guerin B, Le Direach L, Robert P (2004) Is there a negative interaction between biodiversity conservation and artisanal fishing in a marine protected area, the Port--Cros National Park (France, Mediterranean sea)? Travaux scientifiques du Parc national de Port-Cros 20: 147-160 Boudouresque C, Cadiou G, Le Diréach L (2005) Marine protected areas: a tool for coastal areas management. Strategic management of marine ecosystems, Levner E., Linkov I., Proth JM éds., Springer publ., Dordrecht: 29-52 Boudouresque C, Verlaque M (2005) Nature conservation, Marine Protected Areas, sustainable development and the flow of invasive species to the Mediterranean Sea. Travaux scientifiques du Parc national de Port-Cros 21: 29-54 Boudouresque CF, Bernard G, Bonhomme P, Charbonnel E, Diviacco G, Meinesz A, Pergent G, Pergent-Martini C, Ruitton S, Tunesi L (2006) Préservation et conservation des herbiers à Posidonia oceanica. Ramoge pub. Boudouresque Cf, Boury-Esnault N, Harmelin-Vivien M (2003) Marine biodiversity : trends, patterns and threats Seminar on biodiversity and biological conservation, Villà M., Rodà F., Ros J. édit., Institut d'Estudis Catalans publ., Barcelona Boudouresque CF, Van Klaveren MC, Diviacco G, Tunesi L, Bonhomme P, Bernard G, Roméo M, Loques F (2000) Espaces remarquables d’intérêt écologique dans la zone RAMOGE. GIS Posidonie & Ramoge Publ: 1-72 Brigand L, Le Berre S (2007) Bases méthodologiques pour la mise en oeuvre d’observatoires Bountiles MedPAN Workshop n.3, Port Cros BRL Ingénierie (2007) Evaluation de la pertinence et de la performance de la gestion marine du Parc National De Port-Cros. MedPAN Manuals Broquere M (2005) How Many Marine Protected Areas Exist In The West Mediterranean? IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Carreras-Carbonell Josep, Enrique Macpherson, Pascual M (2006) High self-recruitment levels in a Mediterranean littoral fish population revealed by microsatellite markers. Marine Biology Casu D, Ceccherelli G, Castelli A (2006) Immediate effects of experimental human trampling on mid-upper intertidal benthic invertebrates at the Asinara Island MPA (NW Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 555: 271-279 Casu D, Ceccherelli G, Curini-Galletti M, Castelli A (2006) Short-term effects of experimental trampling on polychaetes of a rocky intertidal substratum (Asinara Island MPA, NW Mediterranean). Scientia Marina 70 Chevalier C (2004) The Project Of International Marine Park In The Mouths Of Bonifacio in International Law. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Claudet J, Pelletier D, Jouvenel J, Bachet F, Galzin R (2006) Assessing the effects of marine protected area (MPA) on a reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean marine reserve: Identifying community-based indicators. Biological Conservation 130: 349-369 Cognetti G (2000) Environmental Control in the Mediterranean: A Renewed Commitment to International Cooperation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 361-362 Commision E (2003) Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats EUR 25 Commission E (2007) Guidelines for the establishment of the Natura 2000 network in the marine environment. Application of the Habitats and Birds Directives, pp 102 Cornax MJ, Pastor X, Aguilar R (2006) The use of driftnets by the moroccans fleets. Oceana Corsi F, Agnesi, S, Schintu, P, Ardizzone, GD (1998 ) Geographical information system (GIS) applied to fisheries data: The case of Italian demersal resources. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes 35: 155-168 Costello MJ, Berghe EV (2006) ‘Ocean biodiversity informatics’: a new era in marine biology research and management316: 203–214 Costello MJ, Berghe EV, Browman HI (2006) Ocean biodiversity informatics (OBI). Marine Ecology Progress Series 316: 201–202 Costello MJ, Bouchet P, Emblow CS, Legakis A (2006) European marine biodiversity inventory and taxonomic resources: state of the art and gaps in knowledge. Marine Ecology Progress Series 316: 257–268 Cross H, Rizk C, Khalil M, Venizelos L (2005) Population Status and Conservation Activities on Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches in South Lebanon. MEDASSET, UNEPE-MAP-RAC/SPA, Ministry of Environment of Lebanon Dalias N, Lenfant P, Licari ML, Bardelletti C (2007) Assistance guide to the management of the Protected Marine Areas: management and follow-up of the diving activity. General Council of Pyrénées-Orientales within the program Interreg IIIC MEDPAN Duarte, C., Jaume, D., Vanden Berghe, E., van Avesaath, P.H., Heip, Mees, J. (2002) European Heritage under Threat: Marine Biodiversity in Mediterranean Ecosystems. In:. Electronic conference, summary of discussions, April 22 to May 3, 2002, iii, 48 pp. Farrugio H, Oliver P, Biagi F (1993) An overview of the history, knowledge, recent and future research trends in Mediterranean fisheries. Sci. Mar 57: 105-119 European Environmental Agency (1999) State and Pressures of the Marine and Coastal Mediterranean Environment European Environmental Agency (2006) Priority issues in the Mediterranean environment Fazey I, Fazey J, Fazey D (2005) Learning more effectively from experience. Ecology and Society 10: 4 Ferdeghini F, Acunto S, Cocito S, Cinelli F (2000) Variability at different spatial scales of a coralligenous assemblage at Giannutri Island (Tuscan Archipelago, northwest Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 440: 27-36 Follesa MC, Cuccu D, Cannas R, Cabiddu S, Murenu M, Sabatini A, Cau A (2008) Effects of marine reserve protection on spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas Fabr., 1787) in a central western Mediterranean area. Hydrobiologia 606: 63-68 Foulquié M, Dupuy de la Grandrive R (2003) First assignment concerning the development of Marine Protected Areas on the Syrian coast. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Francour P, Bodilis P (2004) La protection des peuplements de poissons de la réserve naturelle de Scandola (Corse) influence-t-elle les performances de l’écosystème ? Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 59: 363-365 Francour P, Doussan I, Sartoretto S, Gilles M, Harmelin Jg, Pollard D (2005) Guideline for the creation of marine protected areas in the Mediterranean: juridical, biological, and ecological aspects. Francour P, Ganteaume A, Poulain M (1999) Effects of boat anchoring in Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds in the Port-Cros National Park (north-western Mediterranean Sea). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9: 391-400 Francour P, Harmelin Gj, Pollard D, Sartoretto S (2001) A review of marine protected areas in the northwestern Mediterranean region: siting, usage, zonation and management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 11: 155–188 Fraschetti S, Bianchi CN, Terlizzi A, Fanelli G, Morri C, Boero F (2001) Spatial variability and human disturbance in shallow subtidal hard substrate assemblages: a regional approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 212: 1–12 Fraschetti S, Terlizzi A, Bussotti S, Guarnieri G, D’Ambrosio P, Boero F (2005) Conservation of Mediterranean seascapes: analyses of existing protection schemes. Marine Environmental Research 59: 309–332 Frisoni GF, Laudato M (2006) Acts of the MedPAN workshops - Sustainable management of fisheries and surveillance in the marine protected areas in the Mediterranean MedPAN Workshop n.5, Porto Vecchio, France Ganteaume A, Bonhomme P, Bernard G, Poulain M, Boudouresque CF (2005) Impact de l’ancrage des bateaux de plaisance sur la prairie à Posidonia oceanica dans le Parc national de Port-Cros (Méditerranée nord-occidentale). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros natl. Park, Fr 21 Ganteaume A, Bonhomme P, Emery E, Hervé G, Boudouresque C (2005) Impact sur la prairie à Posidonia oceanica de l’amarrage des bateaux de croisière, au large du port de Porquerolles (Provence, France, Méditerranée). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros natl. Park, Fr García-Charton J, Pérez-Ruzafa Á, Sánchez-Jerez P, Bayle-Sempere J, Reñones O, Moreno D (2004) Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity, habitat structure, and the effect of marine reserves on Western Mediterranean rocky reef fish assemblages. Marine Biology 144: 161-182 Garcia-Charton J. A. , Perrez-Ruzafa, P. Sanchez-Jerez, J. T. Bayle-Sempere, O. Renones, Moreno D (2004) Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity, habitat structure, and the effect of marine reserves on Western Mediterranean rocky reef fish assemblages. Marine Biology 144: 161–182 Garcia-Charton J.A., I.D. Williams, A. Pérez Ruzafa, M. Milazzo, R. Chemello, C. Marcos, M.-S. Kitsos, A. Koukouras, Riggio S (2000) Evaluating the ecological effects of Mediterranean marine protected areas: habitat, scale and the natural variability of ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 27: 159–178 Garcia-Charton Jose Antonio , Perez-Ruzafa A (1999) Ecological heterogeneity and the evaluation of the effects of marine reserves. Fisheries Research 42: 1-20 García-March JR, Vicente N (2006) Protocol to study and monitor Pinna Nobilis populations within Marine Protected Areas. Malta Environment And Planning Authority (Mepa) Gell Fiona R., Roberts CM (2003) Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 448-455 Gerber Leah R., Louis W. Botsford, Alan Hastings, Hugh P. Possingham, Steven D. Gaines, Stephen R. Palumbi, Andelman S (2003) Population Models For Marine Reserve Design: A Retrospective And Prospective Synthesis. Ecological Applications 13: 47–64 Gjerde KM and Breide C (2003). Towards a Strategy for High Seas Marine Protected Areas: . Proceedings of the IUCN, WCPA and WWF Experts Workshop on High Seas Marine Protected Areas, Malaga, Spain, Iucn. Gjerde, KM (2003). Ten-year High Seas Marine Protected Area Strategy: as agreed by Marine Theme participants at the 5th IUCN World Parks Congress, Durban, South Africa (8–17 September 2003), Joint IUCN/WCPA/WWF Gjerde, KM (2006). Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Deep Waters and High Seas, UNEP; IUCN. Gobert S, Defawe O, Lepoint G, Demoulin V, Bouquegneau J (2001) Anthesis effects on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile phenology in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica, Mediterranean Sea). Hydrobiologia 455: 121-125 Gómez de Segura A, Crespo E, Pedraza S, Hammond P, Raga J (2006) Abundance of small cetaceans in waters of the central Spanish Mediterranean. Marine Biology 150: 149-160 Gómez de Segura A, Tomás J, Pedraza S, Crespo E, Raga J (2003) Preliminary patterns of distribution and abundance of loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, around Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve, Spanish Mediterranean. Marine Biology 143: 817- 823 Goñi R, Quetglas A, Reñones O (2003) Size at maturity, fecundity and reproductive potential of a protected population of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) from the western Mediterranean. Marine Biology 143: 583-592 Greco S, Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Tunesi L (2004) ‘Sistema Afrodite’: an integrated programme for the inventorying and monitoring of the core zones of the Italian marine protected areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems 14: 119–122 Greenpeace (2006) Marine Reserves for the Mediterranean Sea. Greenpeace Guidetti P (2006) Marine Reserves Reestablish Lost Predatory Interactions And Cause Community Changes In Rocky Reefs. Ecological Applications 16: 963-976 Guidetti P, Bussotti S, Boero F (2005) Evaluating the effects of protection on fish predators and sea urchins in shallow artificial rocky habitats: a case study in the northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Environmental Research 59: 333-348 Guidetti P, Fanelli G, Fraschetti S, Terlizzi A, Boero F (2002) Coastal fish indicate human- induced changes in the Mediterranean littoral. Marine Environmental Research 53: 77–94 Guidetti P, Milazzo M, Bussotti S, Molinari A, Murenu M, Pais A, Spanò N, Balzano R, Agardy T, Boero F (2008) Italian marine reserve effectiveness: Does enforcement matter? Biological Conservation Guidetti P, Modena M, Mesa Gl, Vacchi M (2000) Composition, abundance and stratification of macrobenthos in the marine area impacted by tar aggregates derived from the haven oil spill (Ligurian Sea, Italy). Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 1161-1166 Guidetti P, Mori M (2005) Morpho-functional defences of Mediterranean sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, against fish predators. Marine Biology 147: 797- 802 Guidetti P, Sala E (2007) Community-wide effects of marine reserves in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335: 43-56 Guidetti P, Terlizzi A, Boero F (2004) Effects of the edible sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, fishery along the Apulian rocky coast (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research 66 287–297 Halpern B, Selkoe K, Micheli F, Kappel C (2007) Evaluating and Ranking the Vulnerability of Global Marine Ecosystems to Anthropogenic Threats. Conservation Biology 21: 1301- 1315 Halpern B, Walbridge S, Selkoe K, Kappel C, Micheli F, D'Agrosa C, Bruno J, Casey K, Ebert C, Fox H (2008) A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems. SCIENCE 319: 948 Halpern Benjamin S. , Helen M. Regan, Possingham HP, McCarthy MA (2006) Accounting for uncertainty in marine reserve design. Ecology Letters 9: 2–11 Halpern Bs (2003) The Impact Of Marine Reserves: Do Reserves Work And Does Reserve Size Matter? Ecological Applications 13: 117–137 Halpin PN, Read AJ, Best BD, Hyrenbach KD, Fujioka E, Coyne MS, Crowder LB, Freeman SA, Spoerri C (2006) OBIS-SEAMAP: developing a biogeographic research data commons for the ecological studies of marine mammals, seabirds, and sea turtles. Marine Ecology Progress Series 316: 239–246 Harmelin J, Harmelin-Vivien M (1999) A review on habitat, diet and growth of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) Harmelin JG (2002) Mediterranean marine protected areas: some prominent traits and promising trends. Environmental Conservation 27: 10-105 Harmelin-Vivien M, Le Diréach L, Bayle-Sempere J, Charbonnel E, García-Charton J, Ody D, Pérez-Ruzafa A, Renones O, Sánchez-Jerez P, Valle C (2008) Gradients of abundance and biomass across reserve boundaries in six Mediterranean marine protected areas: Evidence of fish spillover? Biological Conservation 141: 1829-1839 Harmelin-Vivien M, Le Diréach L, Bayle-Sempere J, Charbonnel E, García-Charton J, Ody D, Pérez-Ruzafa A, Renones O, Sánchez-Jerez P, Valle C (2008) Gradients of abundance and biomass across reserve boundaries in six Mediterranean marine protected areas: Evidence of fish spillover? Biological Conservation 141: 1829-1839 Hatzinikolaou DG (2008) Management and exploitation of oil-mill wastes in the area of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos MedPAN Study Hereu B, Zabala M, Linares C, Sala E (2004) Temporal and spatial variability in settlement of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the NW Mediterranean. Marine Biology 144: 1011- 1018 Hereu B, Zabala M, Linares C, Sala E (2005) The effects of predator abundance and habitat structural complexity on survival of juvenile sea urchins. Marine Biology 146: 293-299 Igual J, Forero M, Tavecchia G, González-Solis J, Martínez-Abraín A, Hobson K, Ruiz X, Oro D (2005) Short-term effects of data-loggers on Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). Marine Biology 146: 619-624 Jackson J, Sala E (2001) Unnatural Oceans. Scientia Marina 65S2: 273-281 Johnson WM, Lavigne DM (1998) The Mediterranean monk seal conservation guidelines. International Marine Mammal Association Juanes F (2001) Mediterranean marine protected areas. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16: 169-170 Junta de Andalusia (2007) Biote littoral et surveillance environnementale des aires marines protegees. MedPAN and Junta de Andalusia Junta de Andalusia (2007) Guide D’implémentation D’un Sig Dans Une Aire Marine Protégée MedPAN and Junta de Andalusia Junta de Andalusia (2007) Guide for the implementation of a GIS software in a Marine Protected Area. MedPAN and Junta de Andalusia Junta de Andalusia (2007) Guide méthodologique pour l'élaboration d'un plan d'autoprotection en cas de pollution par hydrocarbures d'un littoral protégé. MedPAN and Junta de Andalusia Junta de Andalusia (2007) Marine Biota and Environmental Surveillance in Marine Protected Areas. MedPAN and Junta de Andalusia Junta de Andalusia (2007) Methodology Guide For The Drafting Of A Self-Protection Plan For The Cases Of Hydrocarbon Pollution On Protected Coasts. MedPAN Junta de Andalusia Kaiser MJ, Austen MCV, Ojaveer H (2004) European biodiversity action plan for fisheries: issues for non-target species. Fisheries Research 69 1-6 Karavas N, Georghiou K, Arianoutsou M, Dimopoulos D (2005) Vegetation and sand characteristics influencing nesting activity of Caretta caretta on Sekania beach. Biological Conservation 121: 177-188 Kelleher G (1996) A global representative system of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 32: 123-126 La Mesa G, Louisy P, Vacchi M (2002) Assessment of microhabitat preferences in juvenile dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) by visual sampling. Marine Biology 140: 175- 185 La Mesa G, Micalizzi M, Giaccone G, Vacchi M (2004) Cryptobenthic fishes of the “Ciclopi Islands” marine reserve (central Mediterranean Sea): assemblage composition, structure and relations with habitat features. Marine Biology 145: 233-242 La Mesa G, Vacchi M (1999) An Analysis of the Coastal Fish Assemblage of the Ustica Island Marine Reserve (Mediterranean Sea). Marine Ecology 20: 147-165 Lazar B, Margaritoulis D, Tvrtkovic N (2004) Tag recoveries of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta in the eastern Adriatic Sea: implications for conservation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 84: 475-480 Lleonart J, Maynou F (2003) Fish stock assessments in the Mediterranean: state of the art. Scientia Marina 67 López A, Correas E (2003) Assessment and Opportunities of Mediterranean Networks IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK López Ornat A (2006) Guidelines for the Establishment and Management of Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas. UNEP-MAP RAC\SPA López Ornat A, Jiménez J (2006) Sustainable Financing Sources for Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Region. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom, Fundación Biodiversidad, Madrid, Spain and Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional of Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación, Madrid, Spain. Louzao M, Hyrenbach KD, Arcos JM, Abelló P, Gil de Sola L, Oro D. (2006) Oceanographic Habitat Of An Endangered Mediterranean Procellariiform: Implications For Marine Protected Areas. Ecological Applications 16: 1683-1695 Lutchman I, Brown J, Kettunen M (2008) Transatlantic Platform For Action On The Global Environment (T-Page) Report of Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) Mabile S (2001) Conflits d’usages et développement durable au sein du Parc National de Zakynthos, Grèce. UNEP. Mediterranean Action Plan. Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Mabile S (2002) Mise en oeuvre contractuelle de Natura 2000 dans les sites marins de Calanques et de la Côte Bleue. WWF and DIREN PACA / Agence de l’Eau RMC Mabile S, Piante C (2005) Global directory of marine protected areas in the Mediterranean. Foundation WWF-France, Paris, France xii+ 132pp Macpherson E, García-Rubies A, Gordoa A (2000) Direct estimation of natural mortality rates for littoral marine fishes using populational data from a marine reserve. Marine Biology 137: 1067-1076 Marcos-Diego C, Bernard G, Garcia-Charton JA, Perez-Ruzafa A, Goni R, Harmelin-Vivien M, Badalamenti F, Le Direach L (2000) Introductory Guide to Methods for Selected Ecological Studies in Marine Reserves. GIS Posidonie publication 112pp Massutí E, Reñones O (2005) Demersal resource assemblages in the trawl fishing grounds off the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina 69 Mastrototaro PF, O BR (2006) The non-indigenous ascidian Distaplia bermudensis in the Mediterranean: comparison with the native species Distaplia magnilarva and Distaplia lucillae sp. nov. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 86: 181-185 Mazaris A, Kornaraki E, Matsinos Y, Margaritoulis D (2004) Modeling The Effect Of Sea Surface Temperature On Sea Turtle Nesting Activities By Investigating Seasonal Trends. Natural Resource Modeling 17: 445-465 McDonnell MD, Possingham HP, Ball IR, Cousins EA (2002) Mathematical Methods for Spatially Cohesive Reserve Design. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 7: 107-114 Megalli M (2006) Protected areas of Egypt : towards the future. Nature Conservation Sector Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Mercurio M, Corriero G, Gaino E (2006) Sessile and non-sessile morphs of Geodia cydonium (Jameson)(Porifera, Demospongiae) in two semi-enclosed Mediterranean bays. Marine Biology 148: 489-501 Mesa G, Muccio S, Vacchi M (2006) Structure of a Mediterranean cryptobenthic fish community and its relationships with habitat characteristics. Marine Biology 149: 149-167 Micheli C, Paganin P, Peirano A, Caye G, Meinesz A, Bianchi C (2005) Genetic variability of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in relation to local factors and biogeographic patterns. Aquatic Botany 82: 210-221 Micheli F (1999) Marine reserves: US experience in a Mediterranean context In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesaro Micheli F, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Gambaccini S, Bertocci I, Borsini C, Osio G, Romano F (2005) Cascading human impacts, marine protected areas, and the structure of Mediterranean reef assemblages. Ecological Monographs 75: 81-102 Milazzo M, Badalamenti F, Ceccherelli G, Chemello R (2004) Boat anchoring on Posidonia oceanica beds in a marine protected area (Italy, western Mediterranean): effect of anchor types in different anchoring stages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 299: 51– 62 Milazzo M, Badalamenti F, Riggio S, Chemello R (2004) Patterns of algal recovery and small- scale effects of canopy removal as a result of human trampling on a Mediterranean rocky shallow community. Biological Conservation 117: 191–202 Milazzo M, Badalamenti F, Vega Fernández T, Chemello R (2005) Effects of fish feeding by snorkellers on the density and size distribution of fishes in a Mediterranean marine protected area. Marine Biology 146: 1213-1222 Milazzo M, Chemello R, Badalamenti F, Camarda R, Riggio S (2002) The Impact of Human Recreational Activities in Marine Protected Areas: What Lessons Should Be Learnt in the Mediterranean Sea? Marine Ecology 23 280-290 Milazzo M, P RC, Badalamenti F, Riggio S (2002) Short-term effect of human trampling on the upper infralittoral macroalgae of Ustica Island MPA (western Mediterranean, Italy). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82: 745-748 Mo G, Bazairi H, Salvati E, Agnesi S, Limam A, Nachite LD, Rais C, Sadki I, Tunesi L, Zine N (2004) Habitat suitability and sightings of the Mediterranean monk seal in the National Park of Hocemia (Morocco). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer. Medit. 37: 538 Molinari A, Salvati E, Tunesi L (2004) Fish assemblages of the Moroccan coastal area of Al Hoceima (Mediterranean Sea). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit. 37 Mouillot D, Viale D (2001) Satellite tracking of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the north-western Mediterranean Sea and fractal analysis of its trajectory. Hydrobiologia 452: 163-171 Muñez N (2007) Spatial use and divers behaviour in the Medes Islands. MedPAN study Mussi B, Miragliuolo A, Diaz Lopez B (2000) Social structure and male parental care in a long finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) pod off Ventotene Island (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). European Research on Cetaceans 14: 141-145 Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Fonseca GABd, Kent J (2000 ) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 Notarbartolo di Sciara G (2003) The List of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance: Implementation and Perspectives for Development. Discussion paper prepared for the UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Notarbartolo di Sciara G (2004) IUCN - World Commission on Protected Areas Scoping Meeting to support Mediterranean States to meet the 2012 WSSD target on Networks of Mediterranean MPAs Notarbartolo di Sciara G, Mifsud C (2002) Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans in Maltese Waters. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Notarbartolo Di Sciara GN (1994) La Cetofauna Del Bacino Corso-Liguro-Provenzale: Rassegna Delle Attuali Conoscenze. Biol. Mar. Medit. 1: 95-98 Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara G, Agardy T, Hyrenbach D, Scovazzi T, Van Klaveren P (2007) The Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals. Aquatic Conservation: Marine And Freshwater Ecosystems Nygaard K, Rygg B, Bjerkeng B (2001) Marinebase: database on aggregated data for the coastline of the Mediterranean, Atlantic, North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat and Baltic. European Environment Agency Olson DM, Dinerstein E (1998) The Global 200: A Representation Approach to Conserving the Earth's Most Biologically Valuable Ecoregions. Conservation Biology 12: 502–515 Peñas IV, Castejón FL, Hernández JM (2001) Influencia de la topografía submarina sobre la distribu-ción horizontal de las comunidades de ictioplancton en el entorno de la reserva marina de cabo de Palos-islas Hormigas (sudeste ibérico). Boletín. Instituto Español de Oceanografía 17: 129-135 Pérez-Ruzafa A, Hoffmann E, Boncoeur J, García-Charton JA, Marcos C, Salas F, Sorensen TK, Vestergaard O (2007) European symposium on Marine Protected Areas as a tool for Fisheries management and Ecosystem conservation. Emerging science and interdisciplinary approaches. Extended Abstracts Book. European symposium on Marine Protected Area. Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Hoffmann, E., Boncoeur, J., García-Charton, J.A., Marcos, C., Salas, F., Sorensen, T.K. & Vestergaard, O., Murcia pp 346 Petrosillo I, Grato E, Ciccolella A, Zaccarelli N, Zurlini G (2005) I Sistemi di Gestione Ambientale applicati alle Aree Marine Protette: il caso di Torre Guaceto Atti del XV Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Ecologia (Torino, 12-14 settembre 2005) Piante C, Mabile S (2004) Directory of Managers of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas. MedPAN/WWF Pinnegar JK, Polunin NVC, Francour P, Badalamenti F, Chemello R, Harmelin-Vivien M-L, Hereu B, Milazzo M, Zabala M, D’anna G, Pipitone C (2000) Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: lessons for fisheries and protected-area management. Environmental Conservation 27: 179–200 Pinnegar JK, Polunin VC, Badalamenti F (2003) Long-term changes in the trophic level of western Mediterranean fishery and aquaculture landings. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60: 222-235 Pipitone C, Badalamenti F, D'Anna G, Patti B (2000) Fish biomass increase after a four-year trawl ban in the Gulf of Castellammare (NW Sicily, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research 48: 23-30 Piraino S, Fanelli G, Boero F (2002) Variability of species' roles in marine communities: change of paradigms for conservation priorities. Marine Biology 140: 1067-1074 Planes S, Galzin R, Rubies Ag, Goñi R, Harmelin J-G, Diréach Ll, Lenfant P, Quetglas A (2000) Effects of marine protected areas on recruitment processes with special reference to Mediterranean littoral ecosystems. Environmental Conservation 27: 126–143 Planes S, García-Charton JA, Pérez-Ruzafa A (2006) Ecological effects of Atlanto- Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas in the European Union. EMPAFISH Project, Booklet n.1 Price ER, Wallace BP, Reina RD, Spotila JR, Paladino FV, Piedra R, Velez E (2005) Size, growth, and reproductive output of adult female leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea. Endangered Species Research 1: 41-48 Ramos AA (1999) Marine protected areas: conservation of biodiversity and enhancement of fisheries In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesareo Ramos-Esplá AA, Valle-Pérez C, Bayle-Sempere JT, Sánchez-Lizaso JL (2004) Áreas marinas protegidas como herramientas de gestión pesquera en el Mediterráneo (Área COPEMED). Serie Informes y Estudios COPEMED Reeves R, Notarbartolo di Sciara G (2006) The status and distribution of cetaceans in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Renones O, Moranta J, Coll J, Morales-Nin B (1997) Rocky bottom fish communities of Cabrera Archipelago National Park (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina 61: 495- 506 Rius M (2007) The effect of protection on fish populations in the Ses Negres Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina 71 Ruitton S, Francour P, Boudouresque CF (2000) Relationships between algae, benthic herbivorous invertebrates and fishes in rocky sublittoral communities of a temperate sea (Mediterranean). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50: 217-230 Sala E (2004) The Past and Present Topology and Structure of Mediterranean Subtidal Rocky- shore Food Webs. Ecosystems 7: 333-340 Salmona P, Verardi D (2001) The marine protected area of Portofino, Italy: a difficult balance. Ocean & Coastal Management 44: 39-60 Salvati E, Tunesi L, Molinari A (2004) Presence of the Scleractinian Dendrophyllia Ramea in the shallow waters of Mediterranean Morocco (Al Hoceima, Alboran Sea). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit. 37 Sanchirico JN (2005) Additivity properties in metapopulation models: implications for the assessment of marine reserves. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49: 1–25 Schembri PJ (1999) Marine protected areas in the Maltese Islands: status and problems In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesareo Schiaparelli S, Albertelli G, Cattaneo-Vietti R (2006) Phenotypic plasticity of Vermetidae suspension feeding: a potential bias in their use as Biological Sea-Level Indicators. Marine Ecology 27: 44-53 Scovazzi T (1999) A new instrument on specially protected areas in the Mediterranean In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas Porto Cesareo Scovazzi T (2003) Marine Protected Areas on the High Seas:Some Legal and Policy Considerations. IUCN Paper Presented at the World Parks Congress, Governance Session Sellem F, Mrabet R (2002) Première signalisation de l’oursin irrégulier Echinocardium mediterraneum (Forbes, 1844) sur les côtes tunisiennes. Bull. INSTM Salammbo 29: 125-127 Silenzi S, Antonioli F, Chemello R (2004) A new marker for sea surface temperature trend during the last centuries in temperate areas: Vermetid reef. Global and Planetary Change 40: 105-114 Silenzi S, Bard E, Montagna P, Antonioli F (2005) Isotopic and elemental records in a non- tropical coral (Cladocora caespitosa): Discovery of a new high-resolution climate archive for the Mediterranean Sea. Global and Planetary Change 49: 94-120 Silvani L, Gazo M, Aguilar A (1999) Spanish drifnet fishing and incidental catches in the western Mediterranean. Biol. Conserv 90: 79-85 Sola L, De Innocentiis S, Gornung E, Papalia S, Rossi AR, Marino G, De Marco P, Cataudella S (2000) Cytogenetic analysis of Epinephelus marginatus (Pisces: Serranidae), with the chromosome localization of the 18S and 5S rRNA genes and of the (TTAGGG) n telomeric sequence. Marine Biology 137: 47-51 Solan M, Raffaelli DG, Paterson DM, White PCL, Pierce GJ (2006) Marine biodiversity and ecosystem function: empirical approaches and future research needs. Introduction. Marine Ecology Progress Series 311: 175–178 Söller R, Warnke K, Saint-Paul U, Blohm D (2000) Sequence divergence of mitochondrial DNA indicates cryptic biodiversity in Octopus vulgaris and supports the taxonomic distinctiveness of Octopus mimus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). Marine Biology 136: 29- 35 Sowers J (2007) Nature Reserves and Authoritarian Rule in Egypt: Embedded Autonomy Revisited. The Journal of Environment & Development 16: 375 Spalding M, Fox H, Allen G, Davidson N, Ferdaña Z, Finlayson M, Halpern B, Jorge M, Lombana A, Lourie S (2007) Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience 57: 573-583 Terlizzi A, Delos AL, Garaventa F, Faimali M, Geraci S (2004) Limited effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas: imposex in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) populations from Italian marine reserves. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48: 188-192 Terlizzi A, Fraschetti S, Guidetti P, Boero F (2002) The effects of sewage discharge on shallow hard substrate sessile assemblages. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 544–550 Togridou A, Hovardas T, Pantis JD (2006 ) Factors shaping implementation of protected area management decisions: a case study of the Zakynthos National Marine Park. Environmental Conservation 33 233–243 Tsounis G, Rossi S, Aranguren M, Gili JM, Arntz W (2006) Effects of spatial variability and colony size on the reproductive output and gonadal development cycle of the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum L.). Marine Biology 148: 513-527 Tsounis G, Rossi S, Gili JM, Arntz W (2006) Population structure of an exploited benthic cnidarian: the case study of red coral (Corallium rubrum L.). Marine Biology 149: 1059- 1070 Tudela S, K S (2005) Paradigm shifts, gaps, inertia, and political agendas in ecosystem-based fisheries management Marine Ecology Progress Series 300: 241–296 Tudela S, Kai Kai A, Maynou F, El Andalossi M, Guglielmi P (2005) Driftnet fishing and biodiversity conservation: the case study of the large-scale Moroccan driftnet fleet operating in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean). Biological Conservation 121: 65-78 Tunesi L, Rais C, Benhissoune S, Agnesi S, Bazairi H, Benhamza A, Di Nora T, Franzosini C, Limam A, Manca Zeichen M, Mo G, Molinari A, Nachite A, Piccione M, Sadki I, Salvati E (2004) First results of teh study of the marine component of the National Park of Al Hoceima (Mediterranean Morocco). Biol. Mar. Medit. 11: 539-542 UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA (2003) Biodiversity of coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean: Project for the Implementation of a Strategic Action Plan for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (SAP BIO). UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA (2003) Strategic Action Programme For The Conservation Of Biological Diversity (SAP BIO) In The Mediterranean Region. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA (2006) Proceedings of the first symposium on the Mediterranean action plan for the conservation of marine and coastal birds. In: N. A (ed). UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA, Vilanova i la Geltrú, (Spain), pp 103 UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA (2008). Impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. By T. Perez, .RAC/SPA Edit., Tunis : 1-90. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the conservation of bird species registered in annex II of the protocol relating to the special protected areas and to the biological diversity in the Mediterranean UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the conservation of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichtyans) in the Mediterranean Sea UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the conservation of cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the conservation of marine turtles in the Mediterranean Sea UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the conservation of marine vegetation in the Mediterranean UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan for the managing of the monk Seal in the Mediterranean UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA Action Plan relating to the introduction of species and invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea Vandeperre F, Higgins R, Santos RS, Pérez Ruzafa Á (2006) Fishery regimes in Atlanto- Mediterranean European Marine Protected Areas. EMPAFISH Project Various (2005) Education and communication in marine protected areas MedPAN Workshop n.1 Various (2007) Proceedings Of The ECS/ASCOBANS/ACCOBAMS Workshop. In: Evans Pgh (Ed) Selection Criteria For Marine Protected Areas For Cetaceans. ECS, San Sebastian Various (2008) Valutazione dell'efficacia di gestione delle Aree Marine Protette italiane. Isole Ciclopi, Miramare, Penisola del Sinis, Secche di Tor Paterno, Torre Guaceto. Edizioni Università di Trieste (EUT) Ministero dell’Ambiente, WWF Italia, Federparchi, Enti Gestori delle AMP Vega M (2002) Ecotoxicology and other issues for the Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Protection Agency Venizelos L, Papapavlou K, Dunais MA, Lagonika C (2005) A review and reappraisal of research in some previously unsurveyed Mediterranean marine turtle nesting sites. Belg. J. Zool 135: 271-277 Villa F, Tunesi L, Agardy T (2002) Zoning Marine Protected Areas through Spatial Multiple- Criteria Analysis: the Case of the Asinara Island National Marine Reserve of Italy Conservation Biology 16: 515–526 Vives PT (1996) Monitoring Mediterranean Wetlands: A Methodological Guide. Wetlands International White M, Haxhiu I, Kouroutos V, Gace A, Vaso A, Beqiraj S, Plytas A, Dedej Z (2006) Rapid Assessment Survey of important marine turtle and monk seal habitats in the coastal area of Albania October–November 2005. Global Environment Facility’s Small Grant Programme (GEF/SGP); MEDASSET; Ministry of Environment, Forest and Water Administration, Nature Protection Policy, Tirana, Albania; Natural History Museum, Tirana, Albania; UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA); University of Tirana. Whitmarsh D, James C, Pickering H, Pipitone C, Badalamenti F, D’anna G (2002) Perspectives Economic Effects of Fisheries Exclusion Zones: A Sicilian Case Study. Marine Resource Economics 17: 1-12 Whitmarsh D, Pipitone C, Badalamenti F, D’Anna G (2003) The economic sustainability of artisanal fisheries: the case of the trawl ban in the Gulf of Castellammare, NW Sicily. Marine Policy 27: 489–497 Willis K, Gillson L, Brncic T, Figueroa-Rangel B (2005) Providing baselines for biodiversity measurement. TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution 20: 107-108 Winer N (1999) Egypt’s Biodiversity. Opportunities And Constraints A Report to the United States Agency for International Development, Environment Office, Cairo, Egypt. WWF (2000) 13 key Mediterranean marine areas in need of protection. The Mediterranean Marine Gap Analysis. WWF WWF (2008) Conclusions of the Workshops of the MedPAN INTERREG IIIC Project 2005 -2007. WWF France WWF, IUCN (2004) The Mediterranean deep-sea ecosystems: an overview of their diversity, structure, functioning and anthropogenic impacts, with a proposal for conservation. IUCN, Málaga and WWF, Rome. WWF/Adena (2005) Conservando nuestros paraísos marinos. Propuesta de Red Representativa de Áreas Marinas Protegidas en España. WWF/Adena Zabala M (1999) Recreation in Mediterranean marine parks: limits and perspectives In: Briand F (ed) Scientific design and monitoring of Mediterranean marine protected areas, Porto Cesareo Zenetos A, Siokou-Frangou I, Gotsis-Skretas O, Groom S (2002) The Mediterranean Sea-blue oxygen-rich, nutrient-poor waters. European Environment Agency