International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 10393-10402 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIAL WITH LOCK 1Subhadra ghosh, 2E.Raja, 3P. Naveenchandran,4D.Mohankumar 1B.Tech student,2,4Assistant Professor, 3Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, BIST,BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai. [email protected]
ABSTRACT A routine differential that is non-bolted differential dependably supplies near equivalent torque to every side. With a car differential in the event that one wheel is held stationary, the partner wheel turns at twice its ordinary speed. A differential locking framework presented here can be locked in or withdrawn either physically or consequently, according to the conditions or a sensor based framework can be created that w sick sense the distinction in speed or slowing down of one wheel to bolt the differential by sliding a canine ring to get occupied with planetary apparatus spike shaft so that both wheels will have same footing. On the off chance that the distinction in the speed of driven and moving wheels is experienced then the differential is controlled to bolt.
controlled mechanical framework, which when 1. INTRODUCTION secured permit no distinction speed between the two wheels on the pivot[13-19]. One problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held They utilize an instrument for permitting stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at the axles to be bolted in respect to each other, twice its normal speed as can be seen by bringing on both wheels to turn at a similar speed examining the complete scheme of paying little heed to which has more footing; this automobile differential[7-12]. This can be is e quivalent to viably bypassing the differential problematic when one wheel does not have apparatuses totally. Other locking frameworks enough traction, such as when it is in snow may not even u se differential apparatuses yet or mud. The wheel without traction will spin rather drive one wheel or both relying upon without providing traction and the opposite torque esteem and bearing. Automat ic wheel will stay still so that the car does not mechanical lockers do take into consideration move. This is the reason for a device known some separation under certain heap conditions, as a "limited slip differential" or "traction while a selectable locker regularly couples both control"[1-6]. axles with a strong mechanical association like a spool when locked in[20-29].
The solution to the above problem is
to have a differential locking system which can b e engaged or disengaged either manually or automatically, as per the
conditions or a sensor based system can be developed that will sense the difference in CURRENT PRACTICES speed or stalling of one wheel to lock the differential so that both wheels will have Katsumi Ito[3]has suggested that a same traction. programmed differential locking vehicle having steer capable front and back wheels[30-34], which incorporates selectors for selecting a control method of vehicle, an actuator for working a differential locking system, and a gate for sending a control signal to the actuator in A locking differential, for example, response to a signal received from selectors. ones usin g differential riggings in typical The gate is adapted to send a differential utilize however utilizing air or electrically locking signal to the actuator upon receipt of a 10393 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
parallel steering mode signal from the . selectors. In response to the differentail The present innovation identifies with a locking signal the actuator actuates car vehicle having wheels operable about wheel differential locking mechanism. Since the shaft in which locking mechanical assembly is differential revolutions of wheels are limited given so that the wheels on the both side of the at a time of parallel steering, the vehicle is vehicle will work at basically a similar speed. capable of accurate course revision and alterations without slipping[43-49]. Contraption are given to counteract slippage or . turning of the determined wheels. Normally, the Alfred Sigl[4] has discussed in his vehicle has a securing sort differential which the patent work that to enhance footing which locking activity of the differential can be can be connected by the wheels of the controlled based the current vehicle working vehicle, and to consequently draws in a condition[35-42]. locking system or locks a differential desirably additionally the direction or 3. CONCEPT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT soundness of driving and street holding is
guaranteed by likewise controlling torque being connected to the wheels. Quickly a
control unit is given to control drive torque connected by the motor to the wheels. This
wheel control is combined with a locking differential. Engagement of bolt of locking differential to bolt the wheels of a hub
together is instructed by control unit[50-52].
[7] KunihikoSuzuki discussed a theory that a four wheel drive system of a vehicle has center differential between four wheels and rear wheels and a means for restraining
or loc king the center differential. The four
wheel drive combined with control system for automatically locking the center differential when the difference bet ween the average rotational speed of the right and left front wheels and average rotational speed of right andd left rear wheels becomes equal to Fig. 1 illustrates a cross-section view of the or larger than predetermined value differential and a propeller shaft in the rear drive housing;
Fig. 2 illustrates a view taken on line II- II of one of the side gears;
The operation of the locking means for the differential will be described in the following paragraph The differential lock on the The plurality of pin 51 is received differential 1 is mechanically operated by within the plurality of peripheral grooves 56 the controlling linkage 36. The lever37 so that the side gear 16 is locked to the moves the shift rail 39 to a detent position in housing 13 and the differential rotates as a which the detent 40 engages the recess 60 or unit. Wh en the pinion gear 34 drives the 61. In the position as shown in FIG. 1, the ring gear 32, the drive shafts 10 and 12 rotate synchronously.
When the lever 37 is moved in a clock wise direction the detent 40 is received within the recess 60 and the clutch collar 43 moves in the left-hand direction. As the differential is locked. clutch collar 43 moves in the left-ha nd
direction it is positioned by the detent 40. In 10394 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
this position the plurality of pins 51 are
completely retracted from the annular
recesses 56 in the rear face of the side gear RH/LH Wheel Shaft 16. The pins, however, are never retracted
from the openings 53 maintain their axial The left-hand raise hub which is additionally alignment in parallel relationship to the axis called LH yield shaft turns on the common of the movement of the clutch collar. pivot with the right-hand raise hub or RH yield toward the back
The axial movement of the clutch collar 43 is coincidental with the axis 11 of
the re ar drive axles 10 and 12. When the pins 51 are withdrawn from their engaging
position with the peripheral grooves 56 in the side gear 16, the differential is released. In this position, the side gears 16 and 1 8 can freely rotate relative to each other in
driving their respective axle. Fig 5: Dog Ring
MECHANICS OF DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING SYSTEM
The dog ring is provided with a single spike for engagement. Shifter mechanism moves the dog ring toward right and the dog teeth engage in the spike shaft slot. Presently the dog ring is provided with a single spike for engagement.
Fig 6: Planetary Gear spike Shaft
Fig 3. Illustrates the front view and the top view of the differential
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When one of the wheels (e. g. RH The differential is shown in the rear axle wheel) goes in a pit or elusive condition housing. The rear axle housing includes a due to misfortune in footing (erosion flange supporting the bearing retainer. The amongst street and wheel). Wheel shaft bearing retainer supports the differential quits turning. bearing assembly and a rear axle bearing assembly and the differential bearing • As an outcome the LH wheel shaft assembly. accelerates to double the transmission speed vehicle levels can't create enough footing to leave the pit.
• The vicinity sensor detects this drop
in speed or movement and through the
electronic transfer worked the DC
engine.
• DC motor pinion drives the rack and there by the shifter mechanism to the right
Fig4: Wheel Shaft
Spike shaft is given openings on the highest point of it. Engagement will bolt the spike shaft in this manner the ordinary differential activities stops and both the wheel shafts get occupied with drive and hence approach power is given to either wheels.
WORKING OF PROPOSED DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING SYSTEM
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DESIGN CONSIDERATION From PSG Design Data/ Manufacturer Catalogue
In our endeavour to outline a Differential Locking System we have embraced an exceptionally cautious approach, the aggregate
plan work has been separated into two sections predominantly;
• System outline • Mechanical outline
Framework configuration predominantly worries with the different physical imperatives and ergonomics, space necessities, course of action of different parts on the fundamental
edge of machine no of controls position of these
controls simplicity of upkeep extent of further change; tallness of m/c from ground and so on. Fig7: Fabricated Differential Gear Locking In Mechanical outline the segments are System with proximity sensor classifications in two sections.
• Design parts DEFORMATION AND STRESS • Parts to be obtained. CONCENTRATION OF COMPONENTS
For configuration parts detail configuration is done and measurements in this Stress analysis is done by using ANSYS software to obtain Equivalent (Von mises) way got are contrasted with next most Stress and deformation astounding measurement which are promptly accessible in market this streamlines the gathering and after generation overhauling
work.
Table: List of Component
Fig8: Meshing, Displacement and Stress concentration of Dog Ring
MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
Material is procured as per raw material specification and part quantity. Part process planning is done to decide the process of manufacture and appropriate machine for the Fig9: Meshing, Displacement and Stress same. concentration of Spike Shaft
General Material Used EN24- Alloy Steel EN9- Plain Carbon Steel MS-Mild Steel STD- Standard Parts Selected
10397 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
For testing reason we take low torque shaft as i/p shaft then by utilizing engine and • Torque v/s Speed: From above belt input movement is given. At flip side i.e. at diagrams we can reason that with high torque shaft different burdens are diminishing in speed of yield wheel connected and change in rpm is noted as needs shaft torque is expanding. Torque and be. The Testing of differential locking system is carried out in order to find the performance speed are contrarily corresponding. characteristics for that the observations which Henceforth the minute closeness sensor sense the lessening in the speed, the are obtained used to plot the graphs. Graphs of Torque, Power, Efficiency v/s Speed locking differential will attempt to give same torque on both wheel shaft
• Power v/s Speed: With expanding speed, control likewise increments up as far as possible then there will be same yield control that power is known as evaluated power. Above plotted diagrams demonstrates diminishing nature as speed is over the evaluated speed.
• Efficiency v/s Speed: Graph indicates expanding proficiency up to constrain with speed additionally increment in speed won't impact as power produced will be consistent
CONCLUSION
In this examination work, testing is finished with the view to remark on the utility of the outlined drive for given application. The accompanying conclusions are drawn from the past parts.
• The set-up created demonstrates programmed engagement of the differential when the loss of footing condition is experienced in this manner approving the capacity of the programmed method of the differential locking framework.
• The set-up demonstrates the manual abrogate utilizing push catch framework for self-loader method of differential locking.
10398 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
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