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Studies on Diversity of Marine Mollusc in Selected Location of Balasore District

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The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF MARINE MOLLUSC IN SELECTED LOCATION OF BALASORE DISTRICT Bandita Pradhan and Yashaswi Nayak Department of Zoology, School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Email Id: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study was conducted by me to gather information about the diversity of marine molluscs along the selected coastal areas of Balasore district. Chandipur and Dagara are the two different study sites selected randomly to explore its malacofauna diversity. The study was carried out from January 2020 to March 2020. The estuary of Budhabalanga is also present near the Chandipur beach that provides food for the molluscan members. Both the coasts are intertidal mudflat area. Dagara a village area where the beaches are filled with Mangrove plants which makes it suitable home for different species of mollusc. The Shubarnarekha estuary near my village coast ensures presence of varieties of marine life forms including molluscs. Studies were done by hand picking method and digging the substratum. Samples were identified by using different taxonomic monographs and. The study yielded 11 species belonging to 2 classes, 5 orders, 9 families, and 10 genera.8 species of Gastropods and 3 species of Bivalve were collected. Neogastropoda and venerida were reported to be the most spacious order of Gastropoda and Bivalvia respectively. Tonnadolium was the most abundant molluscan species present in these coastal sites. Keywords: Molluscs, Chandipur beach, Shubarnarekha esuatry, Bivalves, Gastropoda INTRODUCTION Molluscs, or molluscs are an important phylum of kingdom Animalia consisting of invertebrate animals. They are mostly marine.“Mollusca” is derived from the Latin word mollis which mean soft bodied. This term was first applied by Aristotle to the cuttle fish of Aegean sea. Molluscs are extremely varied: they are diverse in nature. That’s why there is no word in English for the phylum as a whole.Molluscs are among the most abundant of all animals. In number of species, the mollusca is the largest phylum after Arthropoda. It occupies 23% of total marine living animals (Mantosh and Joydev Maity,2018). Molluscs are among the most ancient of animals on earth today and they appear in the oldest Cambrian deposits, more than 550 million years ago (Haszprunar G & Wanninger A 2012). However, the fossil record doesn’t show the continuous presence of all families and genera through time. Groups at various taxonomic levels have appeared, radiated and disappeared. Volume XII, Issue VI, June/2020 Page No: 326 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 In India, the study of the molluscs although finds its origin in 18th century initiated by the Asiatic Society of Bengal(1784) and the Indian Museum(1814), but Marine malacology obtained its significance recently in 20th century with steps taken by the Zoological Survey of India(ZSI), Central Marine Fisheries of India (CMFRI) and many maritime universities. Odisha is a maritime state state in east indian coast which have variety of coastal ecosystems comprising of estuaries, coastal lagoons, creeks, intertidal mudflats, sandy beaches and mangrove swamp shaving high mollusc diversity. Balasore is one of the most important coastal districts of Odisha which lies on the northernmost part of the state. The length of the coastal line of Balasore is about 81 kilometers. The coastal beaches have different types of beaches and mangrove mudflats and two important rivers of Odisha likes Budhabalanga and Subarnarekha pass through this district from west to east before entering into the Bay of Bengal. My study is focused on the marine mollusc found in some of the selected areas of Balasore district. There have not been reported much of commendable job in the areas of Balasore coast targeting specifically on the molluscan species. Mollusc can be found 10190 meter deep in the ocean to 5000meter of elevation. This highly diversified group differs in size, shape, number as well as its habit and habitat. The total estimated no. of mollusca varies from 80,000 species to 1,35,000 species (Abott,1989) and the total diversity possibly can be as high as 2,00,000. They are second only to arthropods in species richness (Strong et al., 2008). Winckworth (1940) estimated the presence of 31643 marine and a total of 64,911(approximately 65,000) mollusc species. Subba Rao have given out a conservative estimate of 66535 species of which 5070 species belongs to India (3040 marine) (Subba Rao et al.,1995). Chapman (2009) estimated that the living species of molluscs vary from 50,000 to a maximum 0f 120,000 species. The evolutionary aspects, classification, general characters, abundance, distribution, shell structure of molluscs will be discussed to get an idea of the whole phyla before going on to my study on the marine molluscs of selected locations of Balasore coast. Volume XII, Issue VI, June/2020 Page No: 327 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 MATERIALS AND METHODS Direct search method was adopted in this study and the whole work is done from January 2020 till February 2020 by selecting two sites among all the beaches of Balasore district to complete the study successfully within limited frame of time. STUDY SITE The study was conducted in two different coastal beaches of Balasore district namely Chandipur(Fig,1) and Dagara (Fig.2). Chandipur(Fig.3) is famous for its “vanishing sea” phenomenon as the sea recedes by almost 5-6km everyday during low tide and then comes back at high tide. This extreme natural phenomenon has enriched the molluscan diversity along with other creatures.The estuary of Budhabalanga is also present near the chandipur beach that provides food for the molluscan members. Both the coasts are intertidal mudflat area. Dagara(Fig.4) is a village area where fishing is the biggest means of occupation.The Shubarnarekha estuary near my village coast ensures presence of varieties of marine life forms including molluscs. METHODOLOGY It includes Collection, Preservation and Identification of the found molluscan species. COLLECTION Collection of sample were made during low tide period. Live specimens and dead shells were collected by hand picking from randomly selected areas of the exposed surface of the intertidal mud flat. Each sample was washed in the salty sea water at their collection sites to remove the impurities and mud on them. The number of samples varied from 1-8 depending upon their abundance. Nylon or polyethylene bag is used during collection period at the study sites. These collected samples are stored in plastic bottles and card board box carefully(Fi.5). PRESERVATION After studying the morphological characters, live specimens were fixed with 5% formaline solution and brought to the laboratory. They are finally preserved in glycerine ethyl alcohol mixture in the ratio of 1:19 as recommended by Gosner(1971). Volume XII, Issue VI, June/2020 Page No: 328 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 IDENTIFICATION The identification of the collected species was made based on their morphological characters, differentiation in shell pattern, shape and size following taxonomic monographs of vaught(1989), Bouchet and Rcroi (for gastropods), Bieler et al. (for Bivalve and polyplacophora), Vecchione et al. (Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda), World Register of Marine Species. Fig.1 Location of Chandipur(satellite view) Fig.2 Location of Dagara (satellite view) Fig.3 Chandipur collection site Fig.4 Dagara collection site Volume XII, Issue VI, June/2020 Page No: 329 The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis ISSN NO:0886-9367 Fig.5 Collection of mollusc RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The samples of mollusc species were identified and arranged according to their class, order, family, genus and species. The economic importance and their conservation status were taken into consideration while doing so. The recorded11 species belonging to 2 class, 5 order, 9 family and 10 genera (Table-1).The study shows that Tonnadolium is the most abundant species present in the coastal site. Similar work also done by P.C Tudu et al. (2018)have published an updated checklist of marine and estuarine molluscs of Odisha coast consisting of 496 species belonging to 261 genera, 124 families and 33 orders under five classes and a total of 43 species have been reported first time from the Odisha coast Surya Rao and Mitra (1998) recorded 149 species of molluscan fauna from Mahanadi estuary, Odisha in which gastropods comprise of 70 species, bivalves 75 species, scaphopods 1 species and cephalopods 3 species. Rama Rao et al. (l992) species of mollusca from Rushikulya estuary, Odisha of which gastropods consists lot 14 species and bivalves 27 species Dey et al. (2005) reported 37 species of molluscs of which 24 species were gastropods and 13 bivalves. Kumar and Khan (2013 found a total of 76 invertebrate taxa including 35 molluscs (16 bivalves and 21 gastropods) and 22 crustaceans. Kumar and Khan (2013) focused attention on the distribution and diversity of benthic macro-invertebrate fauna in Pondicherry mangrove. Chandra and Chakraborty (2008) made an analysis of community ecology of macro-benthic intertidal polychaetes in the coastal tract of Medinipur, West Bengal. Volume XII,
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    Márcia Alexandra The course of TBT pollution in Miranda Souto the world during the last decade Evolução da poluição por TBT no mundo durante a última década DECLARAÇÃO Declaro que este relatório é integralmente da minha autoria, estando devidamente referenciadas as fontes e obras consultadas, bem como identificadas de modo claro as citações dessas obras. Não contém, por isso, qualquer tipo de plágio quer de textos publicados, qualquer que seja o meio dessa publicação, incluindo meios eletrónicos, quer de trabalhos académicos. Márcia Alexandra The course of TBT pollution in Miranda Souto the world during the last decade Evolução da poluição por TBT no mundo durante a última década Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia, realizada sob orientação científica do Doutor Carlos Miguez Barroso, Professor Auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro. O júri Presidente Professor Doutor Amadeu Mortágua Velho da Maia Soares Professor Catedrático do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Arguente Doutora Ana Catarina Almeida Sousa Estagiária de Pós-Doutoramento da Universidade da Beira Interior Orientador Carlos Miguel Miguez Barroso Professor Auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Agradecimentos A Deus, pela força e persistência que me deu durante a realização desta tese. Ao apoio e a força dados pela minha família para a realização desta tese. Á Doutora Susana Galante-Oliveira, por toda a aprendizagem científica, paciência e pelo apoio que me deu nos momentos mais difíceis ao longo deste percurso. Ao Sr. Prof. Doutor Carlos Miguel Miguez Barroso pela sua orientação científica.