Temanotat Albania Reise- Og ID-Dokumenter

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Temanotat Albania Reise- og ID-dokumenter 18. juni 2020 © Landinfo 2020 Materialet i denne publikasjonen er omfattet av åndsverklovens bestemmelser. Uten særskilt avtale med Landinfo er enhver eksemplarfremstilling og tilgjengeliggjøring bare tillatt i den utstrekning det er hjemlet i lov. Alle henvendelser om Landinfos rapporter kan rettes til: Landinfo Utlendingsforvaltningens fagenhet for landinformasjon Storgata 33 A Postboks 2098 Vika 0125 Oslo Tel: 23 30 94 70 E-post: [email protected] www.landinfo.no Om Landinfos temanotater Utlendingsforvaltningens fagenhet for landinformasjon (Landinfo) innhenter og analyserer informasjon om samfunnsforhold og menneskerettigheter i land som Utlendingsdirektoratet (UDI), Utlendingsnemnda (UNE) og Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet har behov for kunnskap om. Landinfos temanotater er basert på opplysninger fra nøye utvalgte kilder. Opplysningene er behandlet i henhold til anerkjente kvalitetskriterier for landinformasjon og Landinfos retningslinjer for kilde- og informasjonsanalyse. Temanotatene bygger på både skriftlig og muntlig kildemateriale. En del av informasjonen som formidles, er innhentet gjennom samtaler med kilder på informasjonsinnhentingsreiser. Landinfo tilstreber bredde i kildetilfanget, og så langt mulig er det innhentet informasjon fra kilder som arbeider uavhengig av hverandre. Alt benyttet kildemateriale er fortløpende referert i temanotatene. Hensyn til enkelte kilders ønske om anonymitet er ivaretatt. Notatene gir ikke et uttømmende bilde av temaene som undersøkes, men belyser problemstillinger som er relevante for UDIs og UNEs behandling av utlendingssaker. Landinfo er en faglig uavhengig enhet, og informasjonen som presenteres, kan ikke tas til inntekt for et bestemt syn på hva praksis bør være i utlendingsforvaltningens behandling av søknader. Landinfos temanotater gir heller ikke uttrykk for norske myndigheters syn på de forhold og land som omtales. About Landinfo’s reports The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The information is collected and analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes, but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views. Temanotat Albania: Reise- og ID-dokumenter LANDINFO – 18. JUNI 2020 – 3 Summary This report concerns rules and procedures for issuing ID and travel documents in Albania. It examines national ID and passport issuing bodies, breeder documents, registration routines, control mechanisms for checking ID information and corruption in connection with issuance of documents. All citizens over the age of 16 must be in possession of a national ID card. Since 2008 personal identification information has been registered electronically in a central database. Biometrics was introduced in 2009, after which all issued ID cards and passports have contained biometric data. Through e-Albania, a separate electronic portal has been established for citizens' contact with the authorities. Among other things, the portal provides access to personal documents. Sammendrag Notatet tar for seg regler og prosedyrer for utstedelse av ID-kort og reise- dokumenter i Albania. Det gis informasjon om ID- og passutstedende myndigheter, underlagsdokumenter, registreringsrutiner, hvordan ID-opplysninger kontrolleres og korrupsjon ved dokumentutstedelse. Albanske borgere over 16 år skal være i besittelse av nasjonalt ID-kort. Siden 2008 har identifikasjonsopplysninger blitt registrert elektronisk i en sentral database. Etter innføringen av biometri i 2009 har alle ID-kort og pass inneholdt biometriske data. Gjennom e-Albania er det opprettet en egen elektronisk portal for borgernes kontakt med myndighetene. Portalen gir blant annet tilgang til persondokumenter elektronisk. Temanotat Albania: Reise- og ID-dokumenter LANDINFO – 18. JUNI 2020 – 4 Innhold 1 Innledning ................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Avgrensninger og kilder ...................................................................... 6 1.2 Relevante lover og regelverk ............................................................... 6 1.3 Elektroniske registre ............................................................................ 6 1.4 e-Albania ............................................................................................. 7 2 Reisedokumenter .................................................................................... 7 2.1 Biometriske pass .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Prosedyre for utstedelse av ordinært pass .............................................. 8 2.1.2 Utstedelse av pass til barn under 16 år .................................................. 9 2.1.3 Utstedelse av pass til personer bosatt i utlandet .................................. 10 2.1.4 Utstedelse av pass i utlandet til barn under 16 år ................................ 10 2.2 Midlertidig reisedokument/passérbrev (laissez-passer)..................... 11 3 ID-kort ................................................................................................... 12 4 Sentrale sivilstatusdokumenter ........................................................... 13 4.1 Fødselsattest....................................................................................... 13 4.1.1 Fødselsregistrering og statsløshet ........................................................ 14 4.2 Statsborgerskap og statsborgerskapsattest ......................................... 15 4.3 Familiedokument ............................................................................... 15 4.4 Ekteskapsattest................................................................................... 15 4.5 Dødsattest .......................................................................................... 15 4.6 Personlig identitetsnummer ............................................................... 15 5 Vurdering av albanske identitetsdokumenters notoritet .................. 16 5.1 Korrupsjon ......................................................................................... 16 5.1.1 Bestikkelser og forfalskninger ............................................................. 17 5.1.1.1 Ekte dokumenter med falske opplysninger .................................... 18 5.1.1.2 Falske dokumenter med falske opplysninger ................................. 18 5.2 Kontroll av identitetsopplysninger .................................................... 19 6 Referanser ............................................................................................. 21 Temanotat Albania: Reise- og ID-dokumenter LANDINFO – 18. JUNI 2020 – 5 1 Innledning Dette temanotatet omhandler utstedelse av pass, ID-kort og underlagsdokumenter i Albania. I tillegg gis det informasjon hvordan identitetsopplysninger kontrolleres opp mot eksisterende registre. Omfanget av korrupsjon og falske dokumenter i tilknytning til utstedelse av dokumentene omtales også. 1.1 Avgrensninger og kilder Prosedyrer for utstedelse av pass, ID-dokumenter og underlagsdokumenter er et stort felt som det vanskelig kan gjøres utførlig rede for innenfor rammene av et temanotat. Notatet er derfor ikke uttømmende, men inneholder informasjon som utlendingsforvaltningen har etterspurt over tid. Mye av innholdet i notatet bygger på informasjon fra albanske myndigheter, som for eksempel den elektroniske portalen e-Albania. En del opplysninger er hentet fra det albanske firmaet Aleat Identity Services (heretter Aleat), som bistår albanske myndigheter med produksjon og utstedelse av biometriske pass og ID- kort. Landinfo har i tillegg innhentet informasjon fra Albanias ambassade i Stockholm, som er akkreditert til Norge. En del av de foreliggende åpne rapportene er kun tilgjengelig på albansk. Landinfo har lest albanskspråklige rapporter i en elektronisk oversettertjeneste. Notatet er en oppdatering og revidering av tilsvarende notat fra 2017. 1.2 Relevante lover og regelverk Krav til underlags- og identitetsdokumenter og utstedelse av disse er regulert i ulike lover og regelverk, som lov om sivilstatus (2009), lov om pass (2000), lov om ID-kort (2002) og lov om statsborgerskap (1998). I tillegg foreligger det pass- regelverk (2010), som beskriver gjeldende prosedyrer for passutstedelse. Det er vedtatt endringer og tilføyelser til de nevnte lovverkene, blant annet på bakgrunn av innføringen av biometri i 2009.1 En henvisning til eksempelvis loven om pass av 2000, omfatter endringer av senere dato (2010, 2014). 1.3 Elektroniske registre
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