Editor 72V THIS ISSUE J. R. Spangler Associate Editors GENERAL ARTICLES E. Earl Cleveland Andrew C. Fearing Adventists and Birth Control ______J. R. Spangler 3 George E. Vandeman Ellen G. White and Marriage Relations .... ____ Managing Editor ...... ___.._._.______...... ___.___ A. L. White 6 Orley M. Berg Applied Religion at Columbia . _ __._...... ___ __. ....______M. K. Eckenroth 9 Copy Editor Interpreting the by Emphasis ...... _._ .__. J. Ina White ______.. ____.©._._....__ L. B. Reynolds II Art Editor Philosophy of Inspiration in the Writings of Harry J. Baerg Ellen G. White __...... _...... L. Hardinge 28 Contributing and Consulting Editors: Robert H. So You Have a Manuscript? . ..._...... ____ R. H. Utt 34 Pierson, President, General Conference; W. R. Beach, Secretary, General Conference; Theodore Carcich, General Vice-president, General Con EDITORIAL ference; Neal C. Wilson, President, North Amer ican Division; Wilber Alexander, Andrews Uni 19G9 Year of CONCERN ___ ...... __ O. M. Berg 15 versity; R. A. Anderson, Loma Linda, ; B. L. Archbold, Ministerial Secretary, Inter- American Division; C. D. Brooks, Ministerial Secretary, Columbia Union; George Burnside, Ministerial Secretary, Australasian Division; VOP Rally and Baptism in Madras .... _... ____ _ \V. J. Cannon, Columbia Union College; Harold Coffin, ; A. E. Cook, __._.___..______.__ W. H. Mattison 15 Ministerial Secretary, Trans-Africa Division; F. W. Detamore, Evangelist, Florida Conference; God©s Part in Evangelism ...... _ W. C. Scales, Jr. 21 W. Duncan Eva, Ministerial Secretary, Northern Christ Seeks Asia ______D. Jacobsen 31 European Division; R. H. Ferris, Pastor, Chicago; , Avondale College; W. W. Ford- ham, Associate Secretary, Regional Department, General Conference; O. Gmehlmg, Ministerial PASTORAL MINISTRY Secretary, Central European Division; M. G. Har- clinge, ; Dunbar Henri, Identify Your Church ..... ___...... H. H. Schmidt 24 Pastor, Atlanta; J. R. Hoffman. Ministerial Secretary, No. Pacific Union; Siegfried H. Horn. Church Identification Program in the Southern Andrews University; Pierre Lanares, Ministerial Union ______O. L. Heinrich 25 Secretary, Southern European Division; Rosalee Haffner Lee, Bible Instructor; H. W. Lowe. Biblical Research, General Conference; W. H. SCIENCE AND ARCHEOLOGY Mattison, Ministerial Secretary, Southern Asia Division; H. E. Metcalf, Ministerial Secretary, Research on a Petrified Forest (Concluded) ______Southern Union; K. J. MJttleidcr, Ministerial Secretary, North Pacific Union; W. G. C. ______H. G. Coffin 16 Murdoch. Andrews University; R. L. Odom, Research, General Conference; Enoch Oliveira, Ministerial Secretary, South American Division; THEOLOGY AND RESEARCH G. H. Rainey, Associate Ministerial Secretary, Atlantic Union; U. D. Register, Loma Linda The Name of God (Part 2) __.__._._ W. E. Read 36 University; R. M. Ritland, Andrews University; A. E. Schmidt, Assistant Ministerial Secretary, South American Division; L. A. Senseman, Fuller PREACHER©S PROGRESS Memorial Hospital; Harold Shryock, Loma Linda University; Ralph F. Waddell, Medical Secretary, Satan©s Easy Chair ______Ron Runyan 13 General Conference; Eric Ward, Evangelist, Southeastern California Conference; R. C. .Wil liams. Ministerial Secretary, Far Eastern Division. SHOP TALK ...... 20 FEEDBACK ...... 27

THE MINISTRY: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED MONTHLY FOR BY HIS SIDE THE MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATION OF SEVENTH-DAY ADVENT- ISTS BY THE REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIA Adopting Good Attitudes (2) ______M. Hardinge 40 TION, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20012, U.S.A. $4.50 A YEAR; 40C A COPY. PRICES SLIGHTLY HIGHER IN CANADA. ADD The Joy of Sharing ___..___....______R. K. Pollett 41 25C FOR YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS TO COUNTRIES REQUIRING EXTRA POSTAGE. SECOND-CLASS POSTAGE ©PAID AT WASH INGTON, D.C. EDITORIAL OFFICE: 6840 EASTERN AVENUE 1968 __...._..____...... __.____...... ______42 NW., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20012 BOOKS ...... ______._._. 44 CHANGE OF ADDRESS: WHEN WRITING US ABOUT YOUR SUBSCRIPTION OR CHANGING YOUR ADDRESS, PLEASE EN NEWS BRIEFS _____.... __._._.._ ...... _.__ 45 CLOSE THE ADDRESS LABEL FROM YOUR COPY OR FROM THE WRAPPER IN WHICH YOU RECEIVED THE JOURNAL. POINTERS ______...... 48 THE MINISTRY ADVENTISTS and Birth Control

THE EDITOR

Part I F BIRTH CONTROL per se is a moral I problem, Satan, at this point, must be about as exuberant as he was when Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit. What would the world, especially the Christian world, talk about if we solved the birth EWING GALLOWAY control problem? Protestants may sneer at Rome©s dilemma, but most recently over thrown, seldom enforced, State laws against birth control are trace able to Protestant legislation. Discussions on birth control and related issues range from possible immorality in creases among married and unmarried to imponderable questions such as When does a fertilized egg become a human be ing? Modern science has now presented the human race with two rather extreme biological and spiritual questions. 1. At what point from fertilized egg to infant does microscopic murder take place in the event of abortion? 2. At what point does death take place in the case of those whose hearts or other vital organs are used for transplant pur poses? We could mini-word these two problems by simply asking, What is the definition for life and death? How fortunate our forefathers were in escaping many a head ache during a time when such issues were nonexistent. The magnitude of these and related questions for twentieth-century man was impressed upon my mind through a book let given me by a good Catholic neighbor. This forty-page booklet, prepared by the archdiocese of Washington, D.C., contains thirty-eight questions and answers related MARCH, 1969 to Pope Paul©s historic seven-thousand- Stoneburner, director of health education word encyclical Humenae Vitae ("Of Hu for the General Conference of Seventh-day man Life"). Some of the questions read Adventists, brought him to my office, I be like this: Why can©t a Catholic form his gan to search for some answers to the ques own conscience on the subject of contra tions I knew he would pose. He wanted ception? to know what the Adventist stand is on Won©t the next pope, or the one after birth control. him, reverse what Pope Paul has done? But suppose the condemnation of con Spirit of Prophecy Policy traception isn©t infallible. Then it©s falli Since our church policy books are si ble, isn©t it? And if it©s fallible, couldn©t it lent on the subject, my thoughts turned be mistaken? toward the Spirit of Prophecy writings. How can a bachelor pope and bachelor Ellen G. White©s clear, forthright state bishops presume to tell married people ments on parental responsibility consti what to do? tuted the strongest evidence Adventists Contraception and rhythm both aim at have in favor of family planning. the same objective. What difference does I briefly described to Mr. Ausherman it make which you use? the place and authority of the Spirit of Answers to these and equally interest Prophecy in the Adventist Church. Then ing queries constitute a masterpiece of I proceeded to read to him the following combined logic and pettifoggery. The least statement: that can be said for it is that it helps us There are parents who, without consideration as understand why the Pope©s ruling, which to whether or not they can do justice to a large resulted in a theological atomic explosion, family, fill their houses with these helpless little be has caused so much debate fallout! ings, who are wholly dependent upon their parents for care and instruction. . . . This is a grievous Silent Adventists wrong, not only to the mother, but to her children and to society. The Adventist Home, p. 162. The Seventh-day Adventist Church has Before increasing their family, they should take made no pronouncement on this subject. into consideration whether God would be glorified Although it is generally understood that or dishonored by their bringing children into the the use of contraceptives is a personal mat world. They should seek to glorify God by their ter to be settled by the individual member, union from the first, and during every year of their married life. They should calmly consider what yet we have never formally adopted this provision can be made for their children. They attitude. have no right to bring children into the world to be Whether we realize it or not, we have a burden to others. Have they a business that thev had practical guidelines on this topic for can rely upon to sustain a family, so that they need some time. This fact was made more clear not become a burden to others? If they have not, to me in a recent discussion with the Rev they commit a crime in bringing children into the erend Charles R. Ausherman, director of world to suffer for want of proper care, food, and the Church World Service Planned Parent clothing. Messages to Young People, p. 462. Those who are seriously deficient in business hood Program. Their stated goal is to com tact, and who are the least qualified to get along in bat famine and poverty, to assist the world the world, generally fill their houses with children; community toward social and economic while men who have ability to acquire property development and toward world peace. generally have no more children than they can well Their planned parenthood program seeks provide for. Those who are not qualified to take to serve the developing areas of the world care of themselves should not have children. The to achieve social and economic independ Adventist Home, p. 165. (Italics supplied.) ence and human dignity through family planning. They claim that responsible "Almost Unbelievable" parenthood in our time is an urgent pri As I read these and other statements I ority in combating hunger and poverty, carefully observed Mr. Ausherman©s face and in assisting humans in world develop for signs of approval or disapproval. His ment. The yearly total budget for their intense interest in these quotations was forty-eight-country program has reached made evident by his forward-leaning posi $1 million. tion in the chair. The first response he Mr. Ausherman, a world traveler, is ac made was in the form of a question. "How quainted with our medical work in vari long ago was that written?" he asked. The ous parts of the world. Before Ella May answer of seventy to eighty years ago visi- THE MINISTRY bly startled him. He then declared, "This thing unique, advanced, and special about is almost unbelievable that Mrs. White it. wrote so clearly and pointedly on a sub In the second place I wonder how many ject that the world knew little or nothing other advanced concepts we are blessed about at that time." He continued, "The with and never give a thought to thanking concept of children being a burden on God for these progressive, modern truths. society, unless properly planned and cared for, was virtually unknown in those days." "Where Would We Be Today If ... ?" Fie continued to explain that their own But there is something even more dis Planned Parenthood Program seeks to concerting than all this. How many for bring a Christian emphasis that endorses ward-looking, up-to-date principles and responsible parenthood from a Biblical- concepts are there in the Spirit of Proph theological perspective. They further ecy that we either don©t know about or claim that the love of God in Jesus Christ refuse to follow for one reason or another. reveals supreme concern for the individ Where would the church be today if it ual. Christian responsible parenthood is a submitted its will totally to the special basic expression of God©s love for each revelations? Or should we ask, Where person. would we be today if we had refused to The presentation of the Spirit of Proph follow any part of the divine blueprint? ecy emphasis on these same points came Is there any among us who could possibly as a definite and pleasant surprise to Mr. give an optimistic answer to this latter Ausherman. He asked for copies of this question? I hope not! material, and for permission to use por (To be continued) tions of it in their own publications. "Never Ceases to Amaze" In a later telephone conversation with him he re-emphasized his astonishment over our advanced knowledge on the sub "Testimony Countdown" ject of family planning. He said, "It never ceases to amaze me that Mrs. White had Spurs such clear concepts of parental responsi Prayer Meeting Attendance bility. You folks had in your possession in formation far ahead of its time." Mass prayer meeting overflows In this particular conversation I asked headquarters church in Takoma him if there really was general ignorance Park! on this subject in her day. He replied, The Greater Washington area "There certainly was, and even now there more than doubled its total previ is much ignorance among Christians as to ous prayer meeting attendance their responsibility in family planning." on Wednesday night, January 8, Naturally, his response to Ellen White©s 1969. advanced knowledge was most gratifying. Under the leadership of Pastors It was a rather enchanting experience to D. A. Delafield and Paul Gordon, hear an unbiased leader in a particular of the Ellen G. White Estate, TES field of endeavor make such positive, fa TIMONY COUNTDOWN offers vorable declarations about certain con inspirational background informa cepts our church has had which were and tion relating to the nine volumes of are far in advance of the world in general. the Spirit of Prophecy. This ought to reaffirm our conviction Pastor Arthur White, secretary of the relevancy and validity of the writ of the White Estate and grand ings of the Spirit of Prophecy. On the son of Ellen G. White, also will other hand, there was a certain touch of participate as his program permits. humility in this experience. In the first Look for a detailed report of place, Adventists who study the Spirit of Testimony Countdown in the April Prophecy writings were acquainted with issue of THE MINISTRY. this particular concept. But probably most of us, like myself, simply took it for granted and didn©t realize there was any- MARCH, 1969 The visions given to Ellen White, from the first one in December, 1844, pointed to the near advent of our Lord and Saviour and called for the needed preparation of heart and life to meet Jesus when He comes. From a strictly human standpoint, at such a time how easy it would have been to in troduce some extreme positions in the mat ter of the relation of husbands and wives, seemingly aimed at bringing about an ele and vated state of purity. But the Ellen G. White writings, while ever calling for pur ity of life, were marked from the very out set by a total absence of extremism on the subject of sex and consistently present Marriage a very middle-of-the-road position. From references to the early days of the cause, made in the 1890©s, Ellen White re veals that extreme positions were advo Relations cated by some who claimed affinity with the Advent believers. Some of these extrem ists taught that by a life of continence they would reach a high spiritual plane. These (Part I) teachings were, in the name of the Lord, boldly met by Ellen G. White on the basis of the visions God gave her. While ex treme positions in this area of teaching were decried all down through the years, ARTHUR L. WHiTE she, on the other hand, ever pointed out Secretary, Ellen G. White Estate the physical, mental, and moral ills that re sulted from sexual excess and pleaded for a

PHOTOS BY: EVA LUOMA, FREDERIC LEWIS, EDWARD ZYCHAL, H. A. moderate course as appropriate for the ROBERTS, DON KNIGHT, A. DEVANEY, TEUVO KANERVA. Christian believer. The emphasis of the Spirit of prophecy counsels as they relate to sex was one of temperance. Let us consider some history and some LLEN G. WHITE entered upon her counsels upon which this introductory E prophetic ministry at a very difficult pe statement is based. In doing so we observe riod in a number of ways. There were sev that Ellen White lived and worked in a day eral individuals leading small religious of great restraint toward speaking publicly groups in New and the central or writing of sex and the sexual" relation West in the 1830©s and the l_840©s who ship between husbands and wives. She her laid claim to being blessed with divine self was married to James White on August revelations of one sort or another. In some 30, 1846, after assuring herself through cases the instruction that they averred prayer that this was a proper step. This came directly from God, led to extreme she considered both from the standpoint of positions in the matter of sex. At one ex the times in which they lived, expecting treme were the Shakers, who practiced celi very soon the second coming of Christ, and bacy with communal living, and in the case also of the special work to which she had of those who married, husbands and wives been called. It may well be noted that she occupied separate dormitories. At the other was well into her ministry, for she had for extreme were the Mormons, who taught a nineteen months been the recipient of vi plurality of wives, permitting within the sions from the Lord. As a result of this un acceptance of the church circle a certain ion with James White she gave birth to four promiscuity in sexual indulgence, not only children, born in 1847, 1849, 1854, and with the assurance of God©s favor, but as I860. His command, with the promise of a spe It was largely in the 1860©s the decade cial blessing in the hereafter.* of the basic health reform visions (June 6, THE MINISTRY 1863, and December 25, 1865) that the Ellen G. White counsels began to touch on sex. Statements in later years provided some elaboration. Her first writing in the health field were in this area, for before she wrote out the broad aspects of the pro gram of health reform, opened up to her on June 6, 1863 as she did in Spiritual Gifts, volume 4 (August, 1864) she is sued in April, 1864, a sixty-four-page pamphlet dealing with "secret vice" mas turbation. It bore the title of: Appeal to Mothers Relative to the Great Cause of the Physical, Mental, and Moral Ruin of Many of the Children of our Tz©me.f At this point, as we come to the heart of the Spirit of prophecy teachings on sex, it is in place to observe that there is sound evidence that she employed the terms "marriage relation" and "family relation" where we today would simply speak of "sexual intercourse" between husband and wife. And what is the clear implication of these counsels? She wrote: Jesus did not enforce celibacy upon any class of men. He came not to destroy the sacred relation ship of marriage, but to exalt it and restore it to its original sanctity. He looks with pleasure upon the family relationship where sacred and unselfish love bears sway. The Adventist Home, p. 121. He [Christ] ordained that men and women should be united in holy wedlock, to rear families whose members, crowned with honor, should be recognized as members of the family above. The Ministry of Healing, p. 356. All who enter into matrimonial relations with a holy purpose the husband to obtain the pure affections of a woman©s heart, the wife to soften and improve her husband©s character and give it com pleteness fulfill God©s purpose for them. The Ad ventist Home, p. 99. Now let us look at earlier references, those of the 1860©s, in which she deals more particularly with the sexual act. In doing so she voices no condemnation, but she frequently uses the word "privilege": Preserving sacred the privacy and privileges of the family relation. Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 90. (Italics supplied.) They [Christians who have married] should duly consider the result of every privilege of the marriage relation, and sanctified principle should be the basis of every action. Ibid., p. 380. They have abused their marriage privileges, and by indulgence have strengthened their animal pas sions. Ibid., p. 391. These last two statements were later incorporated into an Ellen G. White ar ticle published in the Review and Herald MARCH, 1969 of September 19, 1899, under the title please God. The argument that this would " in the Marriage Relation." lead to a purity of life for which the Chris (See Ellen G. White Present Truth and tian should strive has ever seemed to some Review and Herald Articles [facsimile re to be valid and attractive. When this teach prints], vol. 4, p. 97.) ing was brought to Ellen G. White, she Such statements as these, together with stated orally, not once, but several times, many others from her pen on marriage and that such teaching would lead to the dark the family, present a positive and not a est of sins and the grossest of immorality.! negative position on this delicate subject. This matter came to the front in the Indeed, the careful student will search in early 1890©s when Miss Anna Phillips, re vain in the Ellen G. White counsels to the siding in Battle Creek, , claiming church for a condemnation of temperate to have visions from God (see Selected sexual relationships between husbands and Messages, book 2, pp. 85-95), in her "testi wives. There is no suggestion that the sex monies" to individual families stressed ual act should be limited to the procrea moral purity and called for husbands and tion of children. wives to live as brothers and sisters as the As we make this point we must hasten only course of action acceptable to God. to call attention to the many balancing Of such manifestations and the teachings of counsels that call upon husbands and wives Anna Phillips, Ellen White, from Australia, to exercise temperance in their sexual rela wrote: tionships, making clear that marriage does The work of Anna Phillips does not bear the sig not justify excesses. On this point Ellen nature o£ heaven. I know what I am talking about. White writes of many parents: In our first experience in the infancy of this caus: They do not see that God requires them to con we had to meet similar manifestations. Many such trol their married lives from any excesses. But very revelations were given, and we had a most disagree few feel it to be a religious duty to govern their pas able work in meeting this element and giving it no sions. They have united themselves in marriage to place. Some things stated in these revelations were the object of their choice, and therefore reason that fulfilled, and this led some to accept them as gen marriage sanctifies the indulgence of the baser pas uine. . . . sions. Even men and women professing godliness Youne, unmarried women, wo-©ld have a message give loose rein to their lustful passions, and have for married men, and in no delicate words would no thought that God holds them accountable for tell them to their face of their abuse of the mar the expenditure of vital energy, which weakens riage privileges. Purity was the burden of the mes their hold on life and enervates the entire system. sages given, and for a while everything appeared to Testimonies, vol. 2, p. 472. be reaching a high state of purity and holiness. But the inwardness of these matters was opened to Ellen White employs rather strong lan me: I was shown what would be the outcome of guage as she writes of those whose lives are this teaching. "sacrificed in the inglorious work of exces Those who were engaged in this work were not a sive indulgence of the animal passions." Of superficial, immoral class, but persons who had these she observes that "because they are been the most devoted workers. Satan saw an op portunity to take advantage of the state of things, married they think they commit no sin." and to disgrace the cause cf God. Those who (Ibid., p. 473.) While much is written on thought themselves able to bear any test without this point no more need be said here. The exciting their carnal propensities, xvere overcome, entire chapter "Marital Duties and Privi and several unmarried men and women were com leges," in The Adventist Home, pages 121- pelled to be married. Letter 103, !894. 128, may be profitably read. Also see Testi With such a background of experience it monies for the Church, volume 2, chapters is not strange that Mrs. White never en "A Violated Conscience," pp. 89-93; "Ex couraged, but rather discouraged, those tremes in Health Reform," pp. 377-390; who have entered the field with a special "Sensuality in the Young," pp. 390-411; and burden to inveigh against moral impurity, "Appeal to the Church/© pp. 439489. especially those who were publicly advocat We repeat again that at no time did ing that all sexual relations, even in the Ellen White advocate a platonic love that married state, were sinful unless for the spiritual comradeship in which there is as sole purpose of procreation. She observes sumed to be no element of sexual desire. that the teaching of moral purity, as fre Nevertheless, from time to time there have quently given, graphically portrays the evil been those in our midst who have advo conditions that exist, and often with such cated that this was the ideal and end to detail as to incite thoughts that overbal- which we should work if we would best (Contlnued on page 26} THE MINISTRY APPLIED RELIGION at Columbia Union College

M. K. ECKENROTH 1. 3YRON LOSAN PHOTO Deportment of Religion, Columbia Union College

PPLIED religion introduces the theol experience will develop an abiding enthus A ogy major of Columbia Union College iasm and a deepening burden for the gos to certain basic principles in ministerial pel ministry. practicum that we believe will provide fun The externship program is designed to damental preparation for the further train give the student an introduction to five dif ing he will receive at the Theological Semi ferent areas of ministerial service. During nary at Andrews University. this brief exposure the young man will see There are three basic programs that com close up many of the real joys of the pas prise the heart of applied religion oppor toral ministry. Teachers in the Religion tunities for the theology major at Colum Department of Columbia Union College all bia Union College. keep this point clear. In other words, our The first of these three is the far-visioned staff unitedly is dedicated to the task of de program adopted by the Columbia Union veloping a theological student oriented to a Conference known as the Ministerial Ex- pastoral-evangelistic ministry. ternship Plan. T hrough this program a rec First, during this externship the young ommended theological major is granted man will be associated with a successful conference-salaried ministerial employ pastoral ministry. ment in the field during his junior year and Second, the theological student is invited before completion of his senior year. This to participate in camp meeting labor and plan carries special scholarship provisions in youth camps and programs during the which generously assist the student in his summer that will involve an evangelistic financial program during the completion outreach for young people. The student of his pretheological training. who externs in a trimester other than dur Inasmuch as this trimester of field train ing the summer fails to gain this particular ing will thus come approximately in the facet of the work. middle of his six-year theological training Third, an opportunity is to be given the program (which consists of four years in young man to accompany the conference college and two at the Seminary), it is pur departmental leaders with experience to posely so timed in the hope that this field various conference-oriented departmentally MARCH, 1969 sponsored projects, such as will be under way during the student©s as workshops, MV councils, educational com signment to his church. mittees, et cetera. The plan calls for the student to be as Fourth, many times the young theolog signed to the church as soon as he achieves ical student is totally unaware of the opera his status as a senior. In this way the young tions of the work within a conference office man will be quite well oriented to the set-up. For this reason he may expect ex church and will have participated in the perience in observing the operations in the regular weekly services of the congregation conference office. He will be particularly before his highly concentrated practicum interested in the operation of the Book and program during his last trimester. It is rec Bible House and the treasury department. ommended that the student transfer his He may also meet with certain standing membership to the church to which he has committees of the conference as opportun been assigned and thus be eligible to serve ity may exist. Since the minister©s work re as an elder or a deacon of that particular volves around his administrative capacities, church. By serving in this capacity the this early introduction to the financial young man could function in the adminis structure and operations of the church has tering of the ordinances and other services proved to be a great blessing. of the church. The fifth facet of the young extern©s pro The third area in which the theological gram is, of course, being actively engaged student at Columbia Union College may in at least one church revival or evangelis find opportunity for field service concerns tic campaign. He is to be associated with itself with urban problems and especially a worker of experience and one who would the needs of the inner city. be capable of giving him proper guidance, The department of religion encourages inspiration, and a good introduction to the religion and theology majors to plan their general and evangelistic program of the program to include work in psychology, so church. ciology, and religion that will prepare The second area in applied religion for them for an urban ministry. A minor in the theological major lies in the greatly sociology is recommended for those inter broadened academic schedule that has ested in ministering to the inner city. been clearly defined in the 1968-1970 bulle Our Student Ministerial Association and tin. According to this plan, if the student the annual retreats, along with the weekly will follow the sequence of courses as sug meetings, are an on-going entity for the gested, he will take all of his applied re field program as well. A constitution has ligion courses during his fourth year, or been adopted governing this body, and final trimester, of study. The courses and attendance is expected. Preaching in classes are so scheduled and arranged that twenty-five area churches is channeled the classroom work is done in the first half through the association. Reports are kept of the trimester and the last half of the of the upper-division student participation trimester is devoted entirely to a practical and become a part of the final grade of the field program. comprehensive oral examinations for the A pastoral council has been created, with senior. This has made attendance and par selected ministers in the area serving on ticipation in the Student Ministerial Asso the council. These ministers were chosen ciation meaningful to the student on cam in cooperation with the leadership of the pus and in the development of confidence local conference who, in turn, under the for his future ministry. chairmanship of the conference president, With these major programs available called the ministers together for a special applied religion has received a strong meeting to organize this pastoral council. emphasis to augment the other courses This gave added strength and emphasis to required of theology students in prepara the program. tion for their seminary experience. The suc Thus in essence and to some degree, cess of the program has been tremendously these selected pastors of the field are auxil- encouraging to us in the department of liary teachers in the religion department religion. The emphasis here still remains to assist in the practical training of the as it has historically been for Columbia undergraduate theological student. These Union College, the institution at the de ministers so arrange their schedules and nominational headquarters that provides programs that a strong evangelistic project the Gateway to Service. 10 THE MINISTRY INTERPRETING THE BIBLE by Emphasis

LOUIS B. REYNOLDS

Associate Secretary, Sabbath School Department, Genera/ Conference

HE layman was reading with "proper" Study and Practice Essential Tflourish and comment the promise of It is commonly assumed that anybody Isaiah 58, made to those who deal their can read the Bible, but it is our judgment "bread to the hungry" and to others who that few read it correctly. A musician will "bring the poor that are cast out" to their spend years on the Sonata Appassionato,, homes. There was in the chapter a very not merely to get its notes and phrases real pledge of future understanding and into his mind, but to bring himself into personal well-being projected on behalf of such sensitive touch with the music that by the one who would exercise charity toward accent and modulation he may adequately his neighbor, and here it was beautifully interpret its thought and emotion in laid out: "Then shall thy light break forth sound. But if Isaiah 58 or Isaiah 53 is to as the morning, and thine health shall be read oh, anybody can do that! and spring forth speedily." But the reader had "anybody" does it, picking it up coldly, reserved for special emphasis this prize going through it with an unstudied pro thought: "Thy righteousness shall go be nunciation of words, introducing accents fore thee; the glory of the Lord shall be and inflections that misinterpret the mean thy rereward." He removed his glasses and ing, and often trying to make up by the his eyes lighted up when he read: "The use of pious tones what is lacking in ap glory of the Lord shall be thy rereward." preciation of the thought and feeling. Yet "We get one reward, brethren and sisters, it is easier to play the Sonata Appassionata at the time of the Lord©s coming," he said. as it should be played than to read Isaiah "Now the Bible says here that if we help 58 or Isaiah 53 as it should be read. other people along the way we get another In the mere matter of accent and inflec one this is our rereward." tion, for example, by the use of which the Not every person who reads the Scrip thought of a passage is given vocal form, tures is careful to look up unfamiliar what study and practice are required lest terms. Many assume that their guess at the by a wrong turn of voice a distorted idea pronunciation or the meaning is, if not will be conveyed, or, by missing the right correct, as good as the next one and close turn the right idea will be withheld! A enough to get by. A check with a Bible Scripture passage is a lighted candle, but dictionary or other translations would be many a reader of it, by accent and inflec time consuming, to say the least. And the tion, puts an effective bushel over it, leav speaker might appear a bit of a show-off ing the listener in profound darkness. if he went too deeply into the background of a text or its key phrases. One can only Are All Fools Atheists? wonder how this layman might have ex Take the sentence: "The fool hath said plained Joshua 6:9, which uses the same in his heart, There is no God." As this word: "And the armed men went before sentence is commonly read, it slanders the priests . . . , and the rereward came those who are "fools." The usual reader after the ark." Or Joshua 6:13 or Numbers says by his accent and inflection that if 10:25, which show clearly that the word there is a fool anywhere about, that fool should have been pronounced rearward. will say in his heart what the rest of the MARCH, 1969 11 sentence says. But the sentence does not Him. Hence the light of the passage does mean this. It means that if there is any not shine to all that are in the house unless body anywhere about who says in his heart, the reader says, "Every one that hath this "There is no God," such a person is a fool. hope in him purifieth himself." Consequently, in reading the sentence When the Jews brought Jesus to Pilate aloud, the reader must say by his voice that Roman said, "Take ye Him." But what the sentence says in words, or be they answered, "It is not lawful for us to guilty of speaking darkness. If he reads it: put any man to death," disclosing their "The fool hath said in his heart, There is full intentions by their accent. When Jesus no God," he very wrongly "divides" the was in Simon©s house, and Simon thought Word of God. He must read it as though contempt in his heart that Jesus should it says, "He is a fool -whoever says in his accept the attentions of a street woman, heart, There is no God," strongly accent loathesome because of "many sins," Jesus ing and coloring the "fool," pausing after said, "Her sins, which are many [just as it, and reading the rest of the sentence you were saying in your heart, Simon, they pronominally or assumptively. are many, but ] . . ." When Martha said Which End of the Telescope? that she believed in the resurrection as a future event, Jesus said, "I am the resur Take "The Lord is my shepherd." We rection." When the disciples knew not "the hear it read, "The Lord is my shepherd." way," Jesus said, "I am the way." Long But is this the idea? Hardly. The assump dissertations have been focused on the in tion, "shepherd," was already in the au terpretation of the words "way," "truth," thor©s mind. He felt himself cared for as "life," whereas the meaning of all three is he cared for his sheep. Who, then, was this "I." And if, instead of reading, "I am the shepherd of his? Why, Jehovah. The eye way, the truth, and the life," we read, "I piece of his telescope was "shepherd." am the way, the truth, and the life," we Looking through the telescope, he saw "Je should then have Jesus© meaning and our hovah" as his shepherd. And so he wrote, definitions. Also, if we would read the sen "Jehovah is my shepherd," and therefore tence, "By this shall all men know that ye "I shall not want." The usual vocal render are my disciples" with the accent on "my," ing reverses the telescope, puts "Jehovah" where it belongs, and not on "disciples," to the eye, and discerns "shepherd," thus where it does not belong, we should convey reversing the sentiment, and as Job says, vocally in that reading, and not obscure, darkening the words. the effective motive for obeying the new Or, take "God is our refuge and commandment. And if instead of reading, strength." It is traditionally read, "God is "Art thou the King of the Jews?" as though our refuge and strength." But it is at least it were a simple question of information, a query whether the writer did not say, we should gather up into the "thou" of "God is our refuge and strength," my con the sentence all the wonder and amaze fidence and my present help being derived ment and involuntary awe which Pilate from the fact that I am defended and em suddenly felt when his eyes first fell on powered by being connected with Omnipo the Man ("Art thou the King of the tence. If this is the case, and if the psalmist Jews?"), we should thereby convey to the really strengthened himself in God, then listener the real significance of that ques the passage should be read so as vocally to tion and some sense of the situation in say so "God is our refuge and strength." which Pilate stood when he asked it. In 1 John 3:3, "Every man that hath this hope in him purineth himself," the Vocal Exegesis accent is usually thrown on "this," or else It will be seen from these examples that on "hope," while "in him" is obscured. vocal rendering is vocal exegesis. This be But such a reading thrusts the lamp far ing the case, it goes without argument that under the bed, and leaves the house dark. no one should attempt to read a Biblical For the words "in him" refer to Christ passage aloud until he is fairly safe not to when He shall return to our world, and misread it, to say the least. Much reading the hope under discussion is that when He of the Bible is so very poor that happily no is manifested we shall be like Him. It is body pays any attention to it or receives therefore a hope in Him, or, as in the the slightest idea from it, so that no harm American Revised Version, a hope set on (Continued on page 43} 12 THE MINISTRY SATAN©S EASY

PROGRESS CHAIR

IME is the lifeblood of humanity. It is RON RUNYAN Tgiven to all men equally. "But time and chance happeneth to them all" (Eccl. 9: 11). Job sensed the elusiveness of time when he declared, "My days are swifter than a weaver©s shuttle" (Job 7:6). The man in the know knows there is no tomor no part is suffered to lie waste with negli row! Today alone is ours. Somebody has gence. said that time is God©s partner to remind It didn©t take me long to realize that a us constantly of our limitations the great preacher faces a rather peculiar task of est of which is death! mastering his own time. Other professions They tell me that there is a famous time and tasks have time clocks, office hours, piece in the Strasbourg Cathedral. Among patient appointment lists, daily goals to its many intricate devices is one which reach, et cetera. But the preacher is his marks the eclipses. At the hour of noon own time clock. He can preciously con statues of the twelve apostles emerge and serve his time or squander it like a prodi pass in reverent procession before the gal. For certain, every hour that is squan figure of Christ, who lifts His hand to bless dered is a chance of future misfortune. them while a cock flaps his wings and crows This independence of the preacher in con three times. trolling his own time is fraught with dan The most interesting demonstration of ger. A beggar is about the only fellow un this mechanism takes place at the quarter der less control. hours. At the first quarter hour, glad child hood emerges and strikes the bell. Youth Killing Time Injures Eternity comes forth at the second quarter, and at I don©t know of anything in my minis the third quarter sober manhood sounds terial experience that has caused me more off. The fourth quarter finds feeble, de internal struggle than using time properly crepit old age lifting wearily his hammer and effectively. Soul winning and shep to strike. When he is finished a figure of herding places a man with a conscience death lifts his arm and strikes the hour! under a definite, lifelong inescapable pres Everyone reading this article is standing sure and burden. This is especially true of at one of these quarters. Remember this, the pastor-evangelist. It is something like that no prayer, no entreaty, no skill of a being a fireman, constantly living in the physician, can hold time back. Science midst of burning buildings. Even when he with all of its marvelous forward thrust takes well-deserved time off, the fires are into space cannot stop time. still raging and the needs are just as great. Part with time as you would with gold. The magnitude of the task, especially of Ask anyone on his deathbed what time is man-made burdens and plans, sometimes worth. They claim Queen Elizabeth©s last causes such confusion in the mind that or words were, "All my possessions for a mo der and discipline disappear. Time is ment of time." wasted in this process of confusion and be Time is like a large farm which pro wilderment. It is at this point a man must duces nothing without cultivation but will take hold of himself, sit down and get or abundantly repay the labors of industry if ganized, and put first things first. To prop- MARCH, 1969 13 erly plan our program and then execute story of his life during the first world war that program is our first concern. when he was appointed as a chaplain to We are told in no uncertain terms that our boys in the various war camps. He time is a talent and that "of no talent He heard so much cursing and swearing that has given will He require a more strict ac he decided to utilize his moments of travel count than of our time" (Christ©s Object ing in memorizing the Scriptures. As he Lessons, p. 342). It is interesting to note stood before us that day he amazed us all that God shows us how valuable time by repeating from memory text after text, really is by never giving us two moments many of them obscure passages from the or two seconds at the same time. He gives Old Testament. If I remember correctly, them to us moment by moment. Rich or he claimed to have memorized the entire poor, large or small, young or old, sick or New Testament and several books in the well, we all have the same amount of time Old Testament. each day. Every hour wasted is laid to our charge, The Man Who Started Sideburns for time is like life, once it is gone it cannot Ambrose Burnside was one of a family be recalled. Little wonder Solomon wrote of nine children in an village. He in Ecclesiastes 8:5: "A wise man©s heart learned the tailor©s trade and worked in discerneth both time and judgment." Since busy shops where there was little spare time is a talent, "even if we do not lose our time. One day Congressman Caleb Smith souls, we shall realize in eternity the result came into the tailor shop and saw the boy of our unused talents" (ibid., p. 363). busy at work with a book propped up against an iron. Shears held it open, and Precious Time Wasted while he worked Burnside read. How do you value time? How many of This impressed the Congressman, who us use all the little shreds and patches of offered the young tailor an appointment time that every day produces? Most people as a cadet at West Point. Ambrose Burn- throw these scraps away. But seconds make side©s ability to do two things at the same minutes, and minutes make hours, and time carried him to the rank of Major hours make days, and days make years, and General. He invented a new rifle, became years make life! Little wonder Ellen White treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad, wrote in Gospel Workers, page 278: was three times governor of Rhode Island, "The bright morning hours are wasted and declined a fourth term. by many in bed. These precious hours, He was so careful to conserve his time once lost, are gone never to return; they that he shaved only his chin, and as a are lost for time and for eternity. Only one result he started the style of whiskers hour lost each day, and what a waste of known as sideburns, named after himself, time in the course of a year! Let the Burnside! Today sideburns are becoming slumberer think of this, and pause to con quite popular, in America especially. I sider how he will give an account to God wonder whether all those who wear them for lost opportunities." are conserving their time as Ambrose Burn- "Minutes are golden and should be im side did? proved to the very best account. Earthly What a glorious thought to think that relations and personal interests should time is like manna it is fresh daily. As ever be secondary. Never should the cause ministers, there is not a single moment in of God be left lo suffer, in a single particu our lives that we can afford to lose. Industry lar, because of our earthly friends or dear can restore lost wealth. Good hospital care est relatives." Testimonies, vol. 3, p. 500. may restore lost health. Even a forfeited Napoleon thought so much of his time reputation can be regained by penitence that he said, "Ask me for anything but and virtue. But there is not one among us time!" God honors a man who covets his who can recall wasted days or years. There time when put to good use. How the world is not one among us who can erase from clamors for more time today, but sad to Heaven©s record book the awful blot of say, time is what most of us use in the squandered time! worst way! Rise up, ministers of God. Plan your I will never forget the experience of work and work your plan. Make every hearing Elder J. S. Washburn speak at moment count for eternity. Be stingy with chapel during my college days. He told the your time! 14 THE MINISTRY We are warned, "Satan is well aware that if he can remove love and faith, and supply their place with selfishness and un belief, all the remaining precious traits will soon be skillfully removed." Ibid., pp. 36, 37. The apostolic church, prior to its defec tion, was known for its great love. Even EDITORIAL her enemies said of her, "Oh, how those Christians love one another!" That love must be restored. Once it is we will have come a long way toward the preparation needed for the final outpour ing of God©s Holy Spirit. Pentecost will be repeated. At Pentecost "every Christian saw in his brother a revelation of divine 1969- love and benevolence." It was then that "the church beheld converts flocking to her from all directions. Backsliders were reconverted. Sinners united with believers in seeking the pearl of great price" The Year of CONCERN Acts of the Apostles, p. 48. As CONCERN is launched, let us unite in earnest prayer that true love may be fully restored to our churches. Then we can expect these results to follow. o. M. B. OR the Seventh-day Adventist Church F 1969 is the "Year of CONCERN." The CONCERN program is even now being launched in hundreds of churches through out the North American Division, with VOP Rally and Baptism many overseas leaders making plans for in Madras its use in their fields as well. Rightly conducted, this program can do What began as a large evangelistic cam much not only in reclaiming former and paign in Madras in July, 1968, resulted in missing members but in bringing revival three more campaigns in different parts of and reformation to our church members. the city. One of the many reasons given for the large number of apostasies is that mem On Sabbath, December 14, W. R. L. bers of the church just don©t seem to care. Scragg, of the General Conference Radio Once this climate changes, and there re and TV Department, baptized ten persons turns to our people the real spirit of broth from the third campaign. This brought the erhood and CONCERN, we can expect baptisms to a total of 175 at time of writing. the situation to change. God has blessed the faithful work of John We recall that it was through the loss of Willmott and his team. love among the brethren in the early A rally was held dur church that Satan made his first inroads. ing that weekend at which time hundreds On the other hand, the church most noted were enrolled in the Bible correspondence for its brotherly love was that of Philadel course, and a Gift Bible Plan was launched phia, and she had no faults registered with more than one hundred asking for a against her. layman©s visit with the Bible. The first part of the divine counsel Before June, 1969, John Willmott and given by the Great Physician to sin-sick, his church plan with God©s help to reach lukewarm, Laodicea is that she "buy . . . the goal of three hundred souls baptized. gold tried in the fire." And inspiration de With the good results so far, who can clares, "The gold . . . has been shown me doubt but that they will reach their objec to be faith and love combined, and love tive. W. H. MATTISON takes the precedence of faith." Testimo Ministerial Association nies, vol. 2, p. 36. Southern Asia Division MARCH, 1969 15 Research on a PETRIFIED FOREST

(Concluded)

HAROLD G. COFFIN

Geosc/ence Research Institute, Berrien Springs, Michigan

OW can stumps floating upright in cause of their heavy, stone-laden roots, so H water and being left in the mud in. that even trees in position of life may not that position be explained? Yet, this is a be completely beyond question." requirement if the growth in the place of A situation that most closely approaches these stumps is questioned. Would hollow what one might expect during part of the stumps that have their centers of gravity Genesis flood is reported in volume one of in the base of the trunk adjust to a hori the famous Challenger Expedition Re zontal position as their tissues become ports. While sailing along the coast of New saturated with water? Guinea they ran into long lines of drift Actually, trees and logs floating in a wood brought down perhaps by flooding vertical stance are not rare in certain areas. rivers. "Much of the wood was floating I have seen water-logged timbers that suspended vertically in the water, and most broke away from the log booms and drifted curiously, logs and short branch pieces for some time in the waters of Puget Sound thus floating often occurred in separate in the Northwest, floating upright with the groups apart from the horizontally floating top barely visible at the surface of the timbers. The sunken ends of the wood water. Loggers from British Columbia and were not weighted by any attached masses Alaska say trees or stumps ripped out of of soil or other load of any kind; possibly the ground by ocean storms or logging the water penetrates certain kinds of wood operations often float upright. This phe more easily in one direction with regard to nomenon has also been observed in the its growth than the other, hence one end Bay of Fundy, where the fossil stumps are becomes water-logged before the other" located. I have noticed and photographed (Challenger, 1885, p. 459). Missionaries recent stumps sitting upright along the from the Amazon region say that trees beach or among piles of driftwood where floating in vertical orientation during flood they were left by the high tides or storms. season is a common sight in the Amazon A search of the literature is productive River. One seldom sees trees with roots for reports of upright drifting trees also. floating in water because logging activities Francis (1961, p. 28) in his reference work leave the roots and stumps in the ground. on coal reports, says: "It is natural for short Apparently the upright floating of stumps stems attached to the heavy roots of trees with roots is not unexpected, although the to float upright, with the roots downwards, opportunity for such a situation does not when transported by deep water, particu arise often today in North America. The larly if the roots enclose a ball of clay or Genesis flood would produce ideal condi gravel." tions for large numbers of trees and stumps The excellent little volume by Ager with root systems to float for varying dura (1963, p. 85) makes the following com tions of time in the sea. ment: "E. D. McKee (personal communi Back in 1886 a Frenchman named Henry cation, 1963) has told of palm trees being Fayol experimented with floating trees and swept from a Pacific atoll during hurri plants. His research, which extended over canes and coming to rest in considerable several years, can hardly be improved depths of water in an upright position be- upon. He recorded that the proportion of 16 THE MINISTRY trees that floated upright as compared with 1. Rootlets fiom the Stigmaria extend those that were horizontal roughly ap into the surrounding rock in parallel proximated the proportions of vertical and growth. Rootlets attach to the Stigmaria prone trees found in the coal measures of root in an orderly and regular pattern and France. rootlets may arise parallel to one another My own floatation experiments with liv along many feet of a section of Stigmaria. ing horsetails revealed that a cluster of The roots and rootlets of most plants stems joined together at the base would spread out into the soil at random and float upright when thrown into a tank of each root or rootlet is quite independent water. The roots, solid rootstocks, and asso of the others; that is, it does not grow paral ciated soil that cannot be dislodged readily, lel to, at right angles to, or in any other cause the lower end to be heavier and to orientation to the other roots. It makes sink down. It was observed that individual its own way in its own direction through stems of horsetails which initially floated the soil. This is not true with the Stigmaria horizontally on the water©s surface, after rootlets. They often spread out into the some days swung into an upright position rocks in "growth" that is parallel. suspended from the surface of the water. As It is not uncommon to see several feet of saturation increased, they sank and rested Stigmaria exposed in the cliff in a longi on the bottom in a vertical position. Even tudinal section, and extending upward tually a few days later they fell over, to lie and downward from the root are the root horizontally on the bottom of the tank. If lets, in parallel and regular alignment sediments were building up around the with one another as though one were see stems while they were upright, they would ing a longitudinal section through the mid not have had opportunity to fall over. Fayol dle of a gigantic bottle brush. Where the did the same experiment years ago and got cliff exposes a cross section of a Stigmaria, the same results. the rootlets spread out in all directions like Thus it is quite reasonable for the verti beams of light from a star. cal trees in the Nova Scotia sediments to This feature along with the next three have been drifted in the sea and to have makes questionable the interpretation that been buried in the erect position in mud these plant structures are roots. and sand. The observations listed above 2. Rootlets of Stigmaria extend upward strongly support this hypothesis. as well as downward. One universal char That the sea was involved is suggested by acteristic of true roots and rootlets is their the little Spirorbis tubeworm. Thick beds of mussels are also noticeable at Joggins. Spirorbis is attached to the mussel shells. Both animals are strong evidences of the sediments being deposited by the sea and not by rivers and streams. Scales of fishes and the teeth of sharks add to this marine picture. Calcium carbonate (lime) permeates many of the sandstones and shales that are exposed on the Bay of Fundy and near Sydney along the outer coast. In addition, occasional beds of limestone are seen. An oceanic source is the most reasonable ex planation for the lime. The appearance of in-place growth of the rootlike Stigmaria was and is used as an argument for growth levels or soil levels and, consequently, as an argument for time. Perhaps even more than the upright trees this evidence clinched the argument in fa vor of uniformity and time. Enumerated below are seven points against this view Experiments with modern horsetails indicate that points derived from recent research in under conditions that simulate those expected of Nova Scotia. the Genesis Flood, they will float upright. MARCH, 1969 17 bodies. The portion of the plant that ex tends between the upright shoots may be called a creeping stem or a rhizome if it is underground. Occasionally, at irregular in tervals, roots penetrate down into the ground. Some prostrate stems of Lycopo dium run along just at the surface of the ground or slightly below in the leaf mold and humus. A feature that caught my at tention immediately was the creeping stems which were covered with stiff scalelike leaves. Although these stiff leaves on the living Lycopodium were not as long and slender in relation to the stem from which they arose, as the rootlets are to the Stig maria, yet the analogy seemed to be obvious. If this is a correct analogy, the rootlets of the Stigmaria are not rootlets at all but slender leaflike appendages attached to the rhizomes or creeping stems, called, Stigmaria. This Stigmaria with rootlets. This plant structure was concept of the Stigmaria and rootlets is not probably a creeping stem with stiff slender leaves. entirely new. Several paleobotanists have referred to this possibility. These gigantic rhizomes may have extended from one tree negative response to light and positive re to another originally. As yet no example of sponse to gravity. This positive geotropism the extending of Stigmaria from one petri means that roots will grow downward gen fied tree to another has been found, but this erally. But upward growth is one of the obvious characteristics of the Stigmaria is actually an argument against in situ rootlets. This growth feature is sufficient growth. Trees still attached together by rhizomes could hardly have been eroded out alone to cast grave doubts on the interpre tation that Stigmaria and their rootlets are and washed about in water unless the action true roots. were most gentle and of short duration. 3. Stigmaria do not have the taper that 5. Stigmaria sections have parallel orien would be expected of roots. Investigators tation in the sediments. All who have had have found sections of Stigmaria many feet any experience with growing plants know long with no noticeable change in diam that the roots spread out at random into eter from one end to the other. I found the soil unless there is some obstruction exposed along one cliff a length of Stig that prevents the roots from growing in cer maria which had a diameter of four inches tain directions. Random orientation should by two and a half inches at one end and therefore be characteristic of plants grow exactly the same dimensions at the other ing in sand or soil. With this in mind, end sixty feet distant! compass measurements were taken of Stig 4. Stigmaria have features similar to the maria. In two sets of samples of approxi rhizomes or creeping stems of living repre mately twenty specimens each, 90 to 95 per sentatives. Since Stigmaria and rootlets are cent were aligned in a dominant orienta attached to trees whose affinity to the club tion. Thus out of twenty only one or two mosses is not questioned, it follows that were out of alignment with the others. This some answers to the function of the Stig in itself would argue strongly against these maria and rootlets might be obtained by Stigmaria being in position of growth; but the examination of living specimens of when it is noticed that the direction of cur club mosses. The first time I looked at a liv rent which laid down the crossbedded ing club moss (Lycopodium) after study sandstone in which the Stigmaria were bur ing the Stigmaria and rootlets, I was ied moved in a direction in agreement with stunned by what appeared to be an obvious the orientation of the Stigmaria, a doubly answer to the Stigmaria rootlet problem. strong case is established. The owner of an Lycopodium is a vinelike plant that grows orchard who found that the roots of his along the ground and sends up shoots on apple trees grew, with rare exceptions, the ends of which are the clublike fruiting north and south or other opposite direc- 18 MINISTRY tions, would certainly be puzzled, and with One short section of cliff near Sydney good reason. This is not a feature of normal Mines constitutes a good case history which plant growth. If the roots were broken off includes several of the arguments against from the trunks of the apple trees and de the trees and Stigmaria being in position of posited elsewhere by a current of water, growth. A large, upright petrified tree was their consistent orientation would not be located on the cliff a short distance from such a puzzle. Apparently this is what has where compass measurements established happened to the Stigmaria. the parallel orientation of Stigmaria with 6. Stigmaria are found in limestone, each other and with dominant currents as crude coal composed mostly of mussel determined by ripple marks and crossbed- shells, and other odd sediments which ding. Thus if the Stigmaria were not in would not be considered suitable soils for growth position, it is doubtful that the tree the growth of roots. would be. This tree had other interesting 7. Isolated sections of Stigmaria with features. It passed through a bed of shale rootlets radiating outward are frequently several feet thick which was abundantly found. Such sections, with abrupt termina supplied with exquisitely preserved fern tions at both ends and unattached to trees, leaves. These delicate fossils, none of which could hardly be in position of growth, yet evidenced signs of decay, indicate the rapid rootlets protrude from these Stigmaria sec dropping of sediments. The upper three feet tions into the sediments. The most notice of the tree was filled with sediments so able examples were those found inside the heavily mixed with organic matter that it stumps referred to earlier. It would appear approached that of crude coal. But there was that the radiating rootlets were stiff and no similar bed of crude coal around or maintained their arrangement on the Stig above the tree. There was, however, directly maria even though dropped into and above the broken top a two- or three-inch moved around by soft sediments. seam of this dark-gray deposit. Apparently These seven observations and others that the last three feet of the hollow tree were space does not permit enumerating cause filled with this material when it was washed me to reject the in situ growth of the Stig out over the ground. It accumulated within maria. We are dealing with water-laid sedi the natural trap of the hollow tree to a ments in which Stigmaria have been strewn. depth of three feet, but on the surrounding surface it lay only inches deep. In this case Living Lycopodium showing horizontal creeping it is obvious that the thin organic layer stem with numerous stiff slender leaves. lying directly over the tree cannot be a growth level but was a water-laid deposit. A tentative model of the events produc ing the fossil forests of Nova Scotia, based on a catastrophic flood hypothesis, is as fol lows: Plants were torn up by the erosion of an invading and rising flood. As the stumps floated in the water they became saturated and slowly swung into an upright posi tion. Clusters of horsetails washed out into the sea also, and floated vertically until they became saturated and sank. While plant flotsam was drifting, tubeworms and mus sels fastened themselves to the floating mass, and fishes swam among the debris. Eventually the stumps sank down into the mud or sand at the bottom or were stranded on a mud flat or sand beach when the tide retreated. Continuing fallout of sediments from the water above or tidal movements and wave action caused sediments to ac cumulate around and in the stumps. Today these trees, long buried, have (Continued on page 30) 19 SCRIPTURAL INDEX For those who may have in their possession Pastor F. F. Schwindt©s 500 Sermon Outlines, a scriptural index has been prepared by E. J. Fialho, Route 2, Box 469, Beckley, West Virginia 25801. The index enables one to see quickly how Pas tor Schwindt has used various texts on the differ SHOP TALK ent subjects. You may receive a copy by writing directly to Pastor Fialho, enclosing 25c to help cover cost.

STOP THE SABBATH RUSH! Shop Talk is for the sharing of ideas for a I would like to suggest that where a minister more effective ministry. Please make contribu has more than one church to care for, he spend tions or queries brief—but do make them. the whole Sabbath with his congregation in one of them, rather than rush in at 9:00 A.M. and rush out at ten-thirty to make his next appoint ment, then rush again after twelve to get his din ner and keep his afternoon appointment. INTEREST CARD It certainly would strengthen the work in each Pastor Stanley C. West, of the Gridley, California, church if he could spend the whole Sabbath day church, has used this interest card with good suc with the congregation and become better acquainted cess for years. "BSL," he writes, "stands for with the membership and the youth. Bible Study Lessons. Here I note the date and On the Sabbath he isn©t in the church he could grade of each lesson as it is finished. AM refers delegate responsibility to his laymen to give lead to After Meeting and HM for Home Meeting. ership during his absence. This will also be good The reverse side of the card can be used for for the laymen, for they should be given more notations of the visits." responsibility. I believe that if this were done, The card measures 5" by 8". It can be readily and we demonstrated more confidence in their seen how this card can be used effectively for those leadership we could help stem the loss of mem following a course of lessons or who are attending bers that we experience from year to year. a series of meetings. W. L. MAZAT through His only-begotten Son. The pro visions of God are complete and will even tually culminate in the final and glorious triumph over sin. Jesus Christ laid the foundation for all evangelism in His own work on earth. God sent His Son, Jesus Christ, as the great evangelist to the world to lay the ground work for salvation in His own sacrifice and atonement for sin and to plead with man to return to God. Jesus Christ is the model GOD©S evangelist. All true evangelistic work cen ters in Him. It was He who made the good news. It was He who revealed the glad tidings. It was He who first appealed to PART lost men to receive the salvation He had provided for them. The Holy Spirit continues this work and makes true evangelism successful. He is the ctt third Person of the Godhead, and equally with the Father and the Son, He is an evangelist. The following seven points em phasize the work of the Holy Spirit in evangelism: 1. He came into the world to carry for ward God©s work of salvation. 2. He applies the saving work of Christ to individual hearts. W. C. SCALES, JR. 3. He conveys to men everywhere the Pastor-Evangelist, Allegheny East Conference glad tidings of salvation. 4. He beseeches the sinner to be recon ciled to God. 5. He brings conviction to human E ARE living in an age when man©s hearts. Wconcept of evangelism includes mod 6. He forms Christ within and brings ern methods, evangelistic equipment, and about the new birth. bigger budgets. Many of us have used 7. He is the chief evangelist on earth everything from pictures to prizes, and today. black light to bumper stickers. While all of these things may be im The Union of Heavenly portant and have their rightful place, we and Human Agencies must not fail to realize the supreme im "It is not the power that emanates from portance of God©s part in evangelism. men that makes the work successful, it is the power of the heavenly intelligences The Role of the Heavenly Trio working with the human agent that brings God, the Master Workman, began the the work to perfection. A Paul may plant, work of evangelism. The psalmist says: and an Apollos may water, but it is God "God is my King of old, working salvation that giveth the increase. Man cannot do in the midst of the earth" (Ps. 74:12). Our God©s part of the work. As a human agent world was brought into existence by God. he may cooperate with the divine intelli The plan of salvation had been laid be gences, and in simplicity and meekness do fore the creation of the earth. But from the his best, realizing that God is the great moment that sin entered the universe of Master Workman." Ellen G. White, in God and marred the perfect harmony of Review and Herald, Nov. 14, 1893. heaven and earth, the divine plan was ef We as human instruments cannot do the fective and more than adequate to cope work of the Holy Spirit; we are only the with the problem of sin. God had made channels through which the Lord works. provision for the inception of His plan "The preaching of the word will be of MARCH, 1969 21 no avail without the continual presence discern many needs. We need more work and aid of the Holy Spirit. This is the only ers. We need more money; we need build effectual teacher of divine truth. Only ings; we need equipment. But the greatest when the truth is accompanied to the heart need of all is the need of divine power. by the Spirit will it quicken the conscience This power is available only through the or transform the life. One might be able to Spirit of the living God. present the letter of the word of God, he When Pentecost came to the apostolic might be familiar with all its commands church three thousand souls were con and promises; but unless the Holy Spirit verted in a single day, and the assurance sets home the truth, no souls will fall on has been given us that "the time is coming the Rock and be broken. No amount of when there will be as many converted in education, no advantages, however great, a day as there were on the day of Pentecost, can make one a channel of light without after the disciples had received the Holy the cooperation of the Spirit of God. The Spirit." Review and Herald, June 29, sowing of the gospel seed will not be a 1905, p. 8. success unless the seed is quickened into "To us today, as verily as to the first life by the dew of heaven." The Desire of disciples, the promise of the Spirit belongs. Ages, pp. 671, 672. God will today endow men and women Heavenly angels, under God©s direction, with power from above, as He endowed are constantly available to aid those who those who on the Day of Pentecost heard are engaged in the all-important work of the word of salvation. At this very hour evangelism. Notice the following state His Spirit and His grace are for all who ments: need them and will take Him at His word." "All the resources of heaven are at the Testimonies, vol. 8, p. 20. command of those who are seeking to save "When we bring our hearts into unity the lost. Angels will help you to reach the with Christ, and our lives into harmony most careless and the most hardened. And with His work, the Spirit that fell on the when one is brought back to God, all disciples on the Day of Pentecost will fall heaven is made glad." Christ's Object on us." Ibid., p. 246. Lessons, p. 197. "The presence of the Spirit with God©s "All heaven is in activity, and the angels workers will give the proclamation of of God are waiting to cooperate with all truth a power that not all the honor or who will devise plans whereby souls for glory of the world could give." The Acts whom Christ died may hear the glad tid of the Apostles, p. 51. ings of salvation" Testimonies, vol. 6, p. The changing times, the population ex 433. plosion, and the increasing difficulties in "There is far more being done by the our cities have caused some to wonder how universe of Heaven than we have any idea the work of evangelism will ever be of, in preparing the way so that souls shall finished. We should always remember that be converted. We want to work in harmony evangelism is God©s work. We should never with the messengers of Heaven. We want forget that "he will finish the work, and more of God; we do not want to feel that cut it short in righteousness: because a it is our talking and our sermonizing that short work will the Lord make upon the is to do the work; we want to feel that un earth" (Rom. 9:28). We should pray less the people are reached through God, earnestly for this divine activity, for this is they never will be reached." Evangelism, our only hope. All too often we have been pp. 127, 128. prone to substitute our own training and The Need of Divine Power plans, our devices, equipment, and slogans in place of the divine power of the Holy What wonderful days those were when Spirit, which alone can and will finish the the mighty Spirit of God came upon those work. This tendency to substitute is one of first evangelists, giving them power they our paramount weaknesses and holdbacks had never known before. Power was what today. We must not depend on these they needed, since the world they faced but rather upon the power of God. was a challenging world. And we need that As we face the tremendous challenge of same power today, for ours is an even more the unfinished task, our ministry must be challenging world. clothed with the divine power that pro As we survey the work of God today we ceeds from the Holy Spirit. 22 THIE MINISTRV "Divine power alone will melt the sin The evangelistic efforts of God are soon ner©s heart and bring him ... to Christ." to close. The proclamation of the good Gospel Workers, p. 34. news is soon to end. Human history is - All our excellent techniques and our soon to reach its climax. We are living in methods, without the mighty power of the the time when we can soon expect the Holy Spirit, will accomplish little. To be glorious appearing of the great God and successful soul winners we must consecrate our Saviour Jesus Christ. ourselves to God that the Holy Spirit can The closing work of evangelism centers find in us channels through which to work. in the proclamation of the gospel to all The transforming power for men and the world. God has honored us in giving us nations is not self-generated. It is not in the privilege of being partners with Him herent in any quality which we as workers and participants in the all-important work may possess. It is not generated by the of evangelism. rapid turning of ecclesiastical machinery. As we accept the challenge, may we go Instead it is the power of God unto salva forth with renewed determination to be tion. No minister and no layman ever lieve and receive the Spirit in His fullness, saved anyone. We never convert anyone. and thus hasten the day when the whole We can only point men to Christ and de world will be lightened with the glory of pend wholly upon the power of God. God. May we ever remember that success in evangelism will come "not by might, Conclusion nor by power," but by the Spirit of God. The servant of the Lord says: "I have been shown that human instrumentalities seek after too much power, and try to con trol the work themselves. They leave the Lord God, the Mighty Worker, too much out of their methods and plans, and do Introducing Another not trust everything to Him in regard to the advancement of the work. No one should fancy that he is able to manage Ministerial Association these things which belong to the great I AM. ... In the taking of Jericho the Lord God of hosts was the general of the army. Secretary He made the plan for the battle and united heavenly and human agencies to act a part in the work, but 110 human hand touched Harold M. Williams gradu the walls of Jericho. God so arranged the ated from our college in Keene, Texas, in 1942 with plan that man could take no credit to him the A. A. degree. He then self for achieving the victory. God alone joined the Texas Confer is to be glorified. So it shall be in the work ence, where he served as in which we are engaged. The glory is not publishing secretary for three to be given to human agencies; the Lord and a half years. Following alone is to be magnified. . . . We must learn this he entered pastoral to put our entire dependence upon God." work and then full-time Testimonies to Ministers, pp. 213, 214. evangelism. This he did for eighteen years, serving in "The reason God cannot do much with the New Mexico, Texas, some men is that they take the glory of Oklahoma, Illinois, Nebraska, and Colorado their ministry to themselves, putting them conferences. selves to the forefront and leaving God in Por the past two years Pastor Williams has the background, as if they had accom been in pastoral work in the Minnesota Confer plished by their own power all that was ence. The Lord has blessed his efforts with more done." I. H. EVANS, The Preacher and than 1,600 baptisms. His Preaching, p. 52. Pastor Williams has now been called by the As laborers together with God, we are North Dakota Conference to serve as their Min to do our work faithfully and leave all the isterial Association secretary. results with Him. We have the assurance that God©s Word will not return unto Him void. MARCH, 1969 23 Identify YOUR CHURCH

H . H. SCHMIDT

President, Southern Union Conference

N A WORLD of activity, change, and I movement, particularly in the commer cial world, much emphasis is put on ad vertising, and specifically on identifying a product or a place. This sort of thing is deemed most necessary by those who pro duce and distribute a commodity. It is also considered essential by those who desire a location or a facility to be identified. For example, as one drives across the country he finds that there is no mistaking a Holi day Inn for any other lodging place. In spite of the counsel of the Spirit of Prophecy writings concerning the proper location and identification of our churches, for years past we have lagged far behind in this matter. There has been a reluctance on the part of the church to publicize widely the name Seventh-day Adventist. But this is not right. For example, we have the following counsel: "The name Sev enth-day Adventist carries the true features of our faith in front, and will convict the inquiring mind. Like an arrow from the Lord©s quiver, it will wound the transgres sor of God©s law, and will lead to repent ance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ." Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 224. Our workers and church members in the Southern Union believe this applies to worked only reasonably well. Many times representative roadside, directional, and we found that the signs had been pur church building identification signs chased but never erected. They had been erected in strategic places. For some time deposited in the back room of the church. we followed the plan of inviting the We found also in cases where they had churches to purchase and erect signs. This been erected an eventual deterioration of 24 THE MINISTRY Church Identification Program in the Southern Union

O. L. HEI NRICH

Church Development Secretary, Southern Union Conference

ANUARY 1 to April 30, 1965, was the J first union-wide organized drive to pro mote the erection of roadside and church grounds identification signs in the South ern Union. The program involved a four fold effort: 1. Registration of Adventist churches in hotel and motel registers. 2. Telephone directory listings tor all Adventist churches. 3. Highway marker signs directing trav elers to the church. 4. Building and grounds identification. The highway identification signs were purchased in quantity. Thus considerable savings were effected to the individual churches. A special discount was arranged with the manufacturer of the fiberglass grounds identification signs. The program was presented at the work ers© meetings in every conference of the Southern Union. A kit complete with in structions, order blanks, and price lists was provided each minister. Emphasis was placed on removing all old battered signs and replacing them with new signs repre sentative of the Adventist Church. During these four months in 1965 twenty-five grounds identification signs the signs for lack of care. This condition were installed, and a total of 613 roadside we felt needed to be corrected. signs were ordered. Many of these were A New Plan erected; others lay in side rooms or church Through the Southern Union church basements waiting to serve the intended development department a plan was for- purpose. (Continued on page 26} March, 1967, was declared by the South- MARCH, 1969 25 ern Union committee as church beautifica- God©s work. As Adventists we should be tion month. Emphasis was placed on clean able to stand before our church homes and ing up, repairing, and redecorating all say, "This is none other but the house of Adventist churches and properties. Again God, and this is the gate of heaven." church identification within a town or city was given special attention. In late fall, 1967, a complete study was Identify Your Church made by a specially appointed committee (Continued from page 2$} within the union, and a new plan was de vised whereby all churches could partici rnulated and promoted that far surpasses pate in properly identifying themselves to in success anything we have ever at the passing public and visitors to the city. tempted. It has been wholeheartedly ac Monroe Crowson, a layman from the Ala cepted and promoted in all the conferences bama-Mississippi Conference, was engaged in the union. As a result we see attractive to meet with church boards and present signs erected on the freeways and highways the new sign-lease program. leading into scores of our Southern cities The plan involves a three-year contract where we have churches. All our churches arrangement with individual churches. now have representative identification Signs are provided, erected, and main signs installed in front of the building. tained. They are localized, with address There are also sufficient directional signs imprints as each church specifies, and are pointing to the location of the church. erected to meet local and State codes. They We are pleased with the way the plan is are maintained under the contract with working. O. L. Heinrich, the union church inspections at regular intervals. Worn and development secretary, is giving strong damaged signs are replaced without cost to leadership to the program and is promot the churches during the three-year period. ing it in cooperation with the local con During the initial installation periods ference leaders throughout the field. His within each conference, the local and detailed outline of the plan accompanies union conferences assumed travel, lodging, this article, which has been specifically pre per diem, and partial salary for Mr. Crow- pared for THE MINISTRY. I highly recom son. As the program advances, he will be mend the plan to our leaders and people throughout North America. come self-supporting. During the months of November, De cember, 1967, and January, 1968, a pilot program was conducted in the Florida Ellen G. White and Conference as an experimental venture. Marriage Relations In greater Orlando the area churches com bined to erect twelve jumbo-sized highway (Continued from page 8} signs covering all major arteries approach ance the ideals for purity. Therefore Mrs. ing the metropolis. In the Clearwater, White was led to view with apprehension Florida, district, thirteen of the different- such efforts on the part of zealous "reform sized signs were erected. A total of eighty- ers." She wrote: five highway signs were installed in the I am afraid of those who feel so great a burden Florida Conference. Nearly eighty signs to labor in this direction. Satan works upon the are under lease in the Carolina Confer imagination, so that impurity is the result, instead ence, and ninety in the Georgia-Cumber of purity. . . . This pointing out of the inperfections land Conference. The Atlanta, Georgia, and wrongs of individuals is of exactly the same churches erected twenty of the jumbo signs character as in the false messages not only in Maine but in New York, New Hampshire, and Massa around the metropolitan area. chusetts. Married men and women were following The Adventist Church stands in the after the sins of the inhabitants of the world be world as a symbol of faith and truth. It is fore the flood, and of the Sodomites. I know what I the focal point of all our aspirations and am talking about, for most solemn messages were the strength of our life. Through the ap given me to correct this evil that was growing to pearance of our churches and the identifi large proportions among those who had so great a cation of them to the world we can project burden to set people right in regard to purity. The the importance of our religion to others. state of things was terrible. Ibid. These roadside markers and church identi Considering her experience and the light fication signs stand as a silent witness for the Lord gave to her as it related to matters 26 THE MINISTRY of this character, it is little wonder that praisal of the "real" evangelists because of jealousy, she was ever alert to the inroads of extreme since the writer has been most successful in bap teachings. tizing thousands through the long years of his min (To be continued) istry. All true evangelists know that the joy of baptiz ing members cannot be compared with the agony * Other contemporary groups holding to celibacy were the Harmonists and the followers of Jemima Wilkinson. At of disfellowshiping them. the other extreme were the followers of Simon Lovett and R. HOPE ROBERTSON John Humphry Noyes, who advocated "spiritual wifery" and practiced *©free love." Noyes founded at Oneida, New York, a free-love community. DEAR EDITORS: f A sizable portion of Section XVI of Child Guidance, "Preserving Moral Purity," is drawn from this pamuhlet. I would like to add my Amen to Robert Dale©s 1: Reported on several occasions by "William G. ^White, son article, "Visible Visitation File" in the November and long-time close associate of Ellen G. White, to the author, his son, who served for nine years (1929-1937) as issue of THE MINISTRY. his secretary. Some other references in this article are like In twelve years of experience as a Bible instructor wise based on personal knowledge or reliable but undocu mented contemporary sources. AH such; however, are in I worked in a number of different churches, mostly full harmony with the tenor of written statements from large ones, and in not one did I ever find an or Ellen White©s pen. ganized, up-to-date name file. What I usually did find was a helter-skelter stack of names, often turned in by laymen for "Elder Detamore©s meetings ten years ago," a few cards with names, and many odd bits of paper with names FEEDBACK on them and very little other information. Or some times there would be several files, but none of them up to date. I©m thankful for the "Elder Detamore©s" who get our people to turn in names. At least it©s a DEAR EDITOR: start! It might be a serious thing in the mind of God But obviously the problem is that often nothing for human beings to categorize evangelists and rate is done with these names after the effort is over; them by computerized methods. perhaps for lack of a systematic, workable way of The man who baptizes twelve souls for the year using them. may be more honored of God than are the highly Someone has suggested that perhaps we should esteemed "centurions." Rightly understood, it is have a clerk for keeping records of interests just as God who gives the increase. And in these days, we have one for keeping church records. This might above all, when Satan is angry with God©s church be at least one important step in the right direc and makes more effort to sow tares among the tion. An up-to-date, well-kept name file is an ab wheat, the twelve souls might well be God©s por solute must for efficiency in keeping pastor, Bible tion given to His tearful, overworked servant to instructor, and laymen busy visiting those who shine as stars through all eternity. It is my convic should be visited, when they should be visited. tion that many evangelists might be aiding Satan In the last two large churches where I served, I through the baptism of unconverted souls in the left as a "departing legacy" an interest card file. We breaking down of God©s kingdom and the slowing consolidated duplicate records into one file, de down of the gospel chariot. leted "dead" interests, and categorized names ac It is about time we recognize that love for God, cording to interest so that the next person coming devotion, and hard work cannot be computerized in would know where to begin. and made into statistics. It is possible for us to make As I think back on my experience as a Bible in a carnal evangelist far more carnal in his effort to structor, I wonder how much more effective my climb the steps to officialdom by a statistical sheet work might have been had there been such a file in his honor, and innocently forget and berate, not when I arrived to begin my work. How much time the "meager" soul winner but the God of the har might I have saved? How many more souls might vest who put into His church those who are to be have been reached? saved only. A Rolodex File is ideal for larger churches, but Concerning this, we read: even the smallest church should have some sort of "He that sowed the good seed is the Son of man. card file of interests. All too often the only file that . . . The good seed are the children of the kingdom; exists is in the possession of the pastor, and when a but the tares are the children of the wicked one." change is made, the interests are lost track of. Often The good seed represents those who are born of the there is a lapse of time between transfers, thus no word of God, the truth. The tares represent a contact between the two pastors outgoing and in class who are the fruit or embodiment of error, of coming. I wonder how many souls are never false principles. "The enemy that sowed them is the gleaned because in pastor transfers the only name devil." Neither God nor His angels ever sowed a file that existed was in the brain of the departing seed that would produce a tare. The tares are pastor! always sown by Satan, the enemy of God and man. Certainly in all our evangelistic fervor and ac —Christ's Object Lessons, pp. 70, 71. (Emphasis tivity we ought not to overlook the importance of mine.) this seemingly small aspect of our planning. This is not a plea for moderation in -our ap- ROSALIE HAFFNER LEE MARCH, 1969 27 Philosophy of Inspiration in the Writings of ELLEN a WHITE

LESLIE HARDINGE (Part III) Department of Religion, Pacific Union College

N ALL the processes of God©s kingdom daily Christian living as well as in writing I force is never employed. The will is out God©s messages. So only "holy men of free to accept the divine mandate. In in God" can speak as they are carried along spiration there is no compulsion to form by the Spirit. A significant illustration of this union of the divine and human. The how this works is found in one of the inspired writers were still free to express physical characteristics of an inspired per themselves in their own vocabulary and son in open vision. He has no breath." idiom. Their personalities and modes of The breath of the Spirit actually plays conveying the thoughts presented by the upon his vocal chords. This shows the pro Spirit were still their own. And yet when fundity of his control by the Holy Spirit. once surrendered to God©s task they were In this sense the seer is "God inspired," directed by the Spirit (see Jer. 20:9): or "God breathed." The yielded instru The inspired writers did not testify to falsehoods ment sounds a melody through the breath to prevent the pages o£ sacred history being clouded ing of the Master. by the record of human frailties and faults. The The writers of the sacred oracles were scribes of God wrote as they were dictated by the free to consent to be used. But when they Holy Spirit, having no control of the work them once did consent, while they were using selves. They penned the literal truth, and stern, for bidding facts are revealed for reasons that our finite their own words, they were expressing minds cannot fully comprehend.1 God©s thought. So it is very true that "the divine mind and will is combined with The inspired penman, in the presenta the human mind and will; thus the utter tion of the truths revealed to him by God, ances of the man are the word of God." = is under the "©dictation" of an Author to In the same way the Christian©s earthly whom he has freely surrendered his tal life is the life of Christ. While the true ents.2 The Spirit gives the message and disciple lives a fully surrendered life, may then control the time and place of its "Christ liveth in" him. The sacred scribes delivery. wrote, but the Holy Spirit directed their This combining of the divine with the messages. They were God©s penmen borne human is portrayed by the Christian life. along by the power of the Spirit to write It here presents a limited illustration of at times better than they knew. how inspiration works. A deeply penetrat But this thought of the divine person ing statement of the nature of truly vic ality combining with the consecrated, holy torious Christian living is made by Ellen human person to produce a revelation of White: God©s will is far better illustrated by the If we consent, He will so identify Himself with experience of our Lord Himself. Mrs. our thoughts and aims, so blend our hearts and White observed: minds into conformity to His will, that when obey The Bible, with its God-given truths expressed in ing Him we shall be but carrying out our own im the language of men, presents a union of the divine pulses. The will, refined and sanctified, will find and the human. Such a union existed in the nature its.highest delight in doing His service.3 of Christ, who was the Son of God and the Son of The "sanctified" will is a holy will in man. Thus it is true of the Bible, as it was of Christ, 28 THE MINISTRY that "the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among mingled with the erroneous ideas of man. us." e The Scriptures, like our blessed Lord, are It will be most profitable to weigh the at once completely human and completely significance of this concept carefully. In divine. In putting His truth into the lan the Incarnation of Christ, the Son of God, guage of man, God©s condescension is also the divine truth was placed within the revealed. Man could not possibly compre compass of a limited human body. This hend the divine will were it expressed in vehicle of revelation is not God©s mode of a language other than his own. Human manifesting Himself to unfallen beings. language is no more a vehicle for God to He veiled His divinity that sinful man express His ideas fully than is the human might observe what he was capable of body of Christ a vehicle for the fullest reve grasping in order to be saved. lation of divine glory. But in both the In To achieve this, Jesus became man in carnate and inspired modes of revelation the fullest sense. His divinity was not par "the Word was made flesh, and dwelt tial divinity. He was at once completely amorig us, and we beheld his glory, . . . human and completely divine. But to full of grace and truth." To stress this bring this about He laid aside aspects of thought Mrs. White declared: divinity. For instance, the exercise of His The Lord speaks to human beings in imperfect prerogative of omnipresence was not pos speech, in order that the degenerate senses, the dull, earthly perception, of earthly beings may com sible within the compass of a frail, human prehend His words. Thus is shown God©s conde body. The divine nature was thus re scension. He meets fallen human beings where they stricted. Its scope and power were re are. The Bible, perfect as it is in its simplicity, does strained. Its glory was confined within the not answer to the great ideas of God; for infinite limitations of humanity. Jesus assumed ideas cannot be perfectly embodied in finite ve this lowly state that man might view di hicles of thought." vinity in human life and not be destroyed by this vision. The taking of man©s nature Miracle of Truthfulness by Christ was evidence of compassionate And this brings us to a vital point. God©s condescension on God©s part. He cared will, revealed in Jesus, is "the truth." enough to want to reveal Himself at the Christ made no mistakes. He left no wrong level of a sinner©s comprehension. impressions of what His Father wished to But when all this has been said by El convey to man through Him. His life, even len White, no hint is left that divinity was though it was human in the fullest sense, less divine in the human Christ than it was perfect. His conduct was inerrant. But was in the Father or the Spirit. The "Word wicked men misrepresented Him and ac became flesh and dwelt among us." The cused Him of blasphemy and wrong. resultant purpose of this was discerned by- Since "the Bible . . . presents a union John. "We beheld his glory," he said, "full of the divine and the human," which is of grace and truth." So the Incarnate analogous with the Incarnation, the mes Word came about. God entrusted this reve sage of the Scriptures, as given by the lation of Himself to a limited human be Holy Spirit, contains no mistakes. The ing. Scriptures leave no wrong impressions of In the inspiration of the Scriptures, the what our Father wishes to convey to man Word of God, the divine truth, is placed through human words. The words of within the compass of limited human lan Scripture, even though they are human in guage. This vehicle of expression also is the fullest sense, become perfectly clear not God©s means of revealing His will to after prayerful study. The message of the unfallen beings. He clothes His divine Bible is inerrant. Scores of times Mrs. ideas in human speech that fallen, finite, White affirmed that in it God©s infallible and sinful man might read it and compre truth is revealed: hend. Yet the divine message, in the fullest God has been pleased to communicate His truth sense, was expressed in language that is to the world by human agencies, and He Himself, by His Holy Spirit, qualified men and enabled them imperfect when compared with the lan to do this work. He guided the mind in the selec guage of God. But in spite of this, God©s tion of what to speak and what to write. The treas meaning was not obscured. ure was entrusted to earthen vessels, yet it is, none The Scriptures are divine ideas in the theless, from Heaven. The testimony is conveyed widest sense. God©s truth there recorded through the imperfect expression of human lan is not the revelation of half of God©s will guage, yet it is the testimony of God; and the MARCH, 1969 29 obedient, believing child of God beholds in it the His love, our doubt and darkness will disappear glory o£ a divine power, full of grace and truth.8 in the light of His presence.17 Every one who has passed from death unto life But as with the Incarnate Word, wicked is able to "set to his seal that God is true." He can men even today misrepresent the Inspired testify ". . . Why do I believe the Bible? Because Word and account its teachings false. Not I have found it to be the voice of God to my soul." withstanding this, Ellen White is quite cer We may have the witness in ourselves that the tain that "the Holy Scriptures are to be Bible is true.18 accepted as an authoritative, infallible (To be continued) revelation of His will," 9 conveyed in fit 1 Testimonies, vol. 4, p. 9. 2 Illustrations of this declaration are seen in the experi words to express appropriately what God ences of Balaam, Jonah, Daniel, and others, besides Ellen intends to say to fallen man. Whatever White. 3 , p. 668. man might think of Jesus of Nazareth He 4 Dan. 10:17. is "the authoritative, infallible revelation" 5 Selected Messages, book 1, p. 21. 6 The Great Controversy, p. vi. of God©s glory. And whatever man might 7 Selected Messages, book 1, p. 22. _ s The Great Controversy, pp. vi, vii: cf. Selected Messages, think of the Bible, it, too, is still the "au book 1, pp. 22, 25, 28. 9 The Great Controversy, p. vii. thoritative, infallible revelation of His 10 Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 504. ^- Testimonies, vol. 6, p. 393. will." 12 Ibid., vol. 5, p. 533. Here is a potpourri of Mrs. White©s 13 The Ministry of Healing, p. 122; The Faith 1 Live By, p. 9. statements on the treasure of the Scrip 14 Counsels to Parents and Teachers, p. 421. tures: 16 Our High Calling, p. 210. 16 Testimonies, vol. 5. p. 700. Every chapter and every verse of the Bible is a " The Faith I Live By, p. 16. communication from God to men.10 13 , p. 112. The Bible is God©s voice speaking to us, just as surely as though we could hear it with our ears.11 Do we receive the Bible as "the oracle of God?" It is as really a divine communication as though Research on a Petrified Forest the words came to us in an audible voice.12 (Continued from page 19} The Scriptures are to be received as God©s word to us, not written merely, but spoken. ... In them been exposed in the sea cliffs by the cur He is speaking to us individually, speaking as di rents and waves of the Bay of Fundy and rectly as if we could listen to His voice.13 the Atlantic Ocean. Now as I wander along The Bible is of the highest value because it is the these beaches and cliffs and ponder their word of the living God.14 past history I am not as puzzled as formerly. The Bible is a divine communication, and is as The study of this area has made much more verily a message to the soul as though a voice from understandable the statement, "The waters heaven were heard speaking to us.15 prevailed, and were increased greatly upon How may the sincere scholar be certain the earth" (Gen. 7:18). that what he is reading is actually God©s BIBLIOGRAPHY voice speaking to him? Mrs. White gives Ager, Derek V. 1963. Principles of paleoecology. New York. several pointers to help those who want McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 371 pp. Broadhurst, F. JVC. 1964. Some aspects of the paleoecology to discover truth. These methods have as of non-marine faunas and rates of sedimentation in the Lancashire coal measures. Am. Jour. Sci. 262:858-869. sisted Christians for centuries before criti Brown, Richard. 1846. On a group of erect fossil trees in cal textual studies were invented. Al the Sidney coal fields of Cape Breton. Quart. I. Geol. Soc. . 2:393-396. though variants have but slight effect on 1850. Section of the lower coal-measures of the Sid ney coal fields, in the island of Cape Breton. Ibid.. Lon the meaning of a few readings, the real in don 6;115-133. tent of any passage may be determined by Challenger Expedition. 1885. Report of the scientific results of the voyage of the H.M.S. "Challenger" during the comparing scripture with scripture. Ellen years 1873-76 under the command of Captain Nares and Captain Thompson. Narrative vol. 1. H. M. Stationery White declares of the humble scholar: Office, London. The more he searches the Bible, the deeper is his Dawson, J. W. 1854. On the coal-measures of the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Quart. J. Geol. Soc., London, conviction that it is the word of the living God, and 10(1):1-41. human reason bows before the majesty of divine 1891. Acadian geology. 4th ed. Macmillan and Co., London. 833 pp. revelation." Fayol, Henry. 1886. Etudes sur le terrain houiller de com- There is an evidence that is open to all the most mentry. Livre Ptremier; lithologie et stratigranhie. Bull. de la Soc. de 1©industrie minerale, 2e serie, 153> 4, Saint- highly educated, and the most illiterate the evi- Etienne. 543 pp. , dence of experience. God invites us to prove for Francis Wilfrid. 1961. Coal, its formation and composition. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.. London. 806 pp. ourselves the reality of His Word, the truth of His Lyell, Charles. 1843. On the upright fossil trees found at promises. He bids us "Taste and see that the Lord different levels in the coal strata of Cumberland. Nova Scotia. Proc. Geo. Soc. London 4:176-178. is good." Instead of depending upon the word of Stevenson John I 1911-1913. Formation of coal beds. another, we are to taste for ourselves. . . . And as we S7roc. ^ Phi Soc., vols 50-52. Published in one volume draw near to Jesus, and rejoice in the fullness of by the New Era Printing Company, Lancaster, Pa. 5i(J pp. THE MINISTRY Christ Seeks Asia

DON JACOBSEN

Secretory, Ministerial Association, Southeast Asia Union

VANGELICAL Christian leaders from the seven churches of Revelation 2 and 3. E all over the world were inspired in Oc However, the backbone of the congress tober, 1966, with the results of the World was the "Strategy Paper," presented each Congress on Evangelism held in Berlin. day. This was a presentation of a tool or a It was a time of renewing evangelical com philosophy of evangelism which was rele mitments, but the principles for accom vant to the Christian churches of Asia. Fol plishing the task were necessarily quite lowing the Strategy Paper, the entire con general. gress broke up into Encounter Groups for Thus it was felt by many of the church the purpose of discussing local implemen leaders there that more enduring good tation of the ideas of the paper. This was could be accomplished if regional follow- the feed-back session in which generalities ups were held at which local leaders could were brought into focus and details formu unite to handle local problems. And this lated for putting into effect the techniques was the atmosphere for the birth, eighteen and methodologies suggested. months ago, of the Asia-South Pacific Con The delegates did not come with naive gress on Evangelism held in Singapore, delusions of easy solutions. Neither did November 5 to 13. About 1,100 delegates they come as omniscient professionals. and observers, 90 per cent of whom were Each came with some ideas, some ques Asians and 10 per cent of whom were from tions, and an earnest desire to reach a seg Western countries (and about half lay ment of the world population that is less men), met to pray, study, and learn from than 1 per cent Christian. one another. What methods of evangelism work best Some Suggested Solutions in a resistant culture? How can we reach Seventh-day Adventists, in Asia as well as the one billion youth, age twenty-five and elsewhere, can learn from what happened below, who people a third of our planet in Singapore. First, the delegates came (which is more than the total populations with a great sense of expectancy. They of the United States, Europe, and Russia)? fully believed that while they were closeted What are the most effective tools for a hu here God would speak to them and reveal manly impossible task? What is working new, more efficient, avenues of approach best now in similar situations and cultures? to non-Christians. These and similar questions figured promi Second, there was little theory. The ques nently in the eight intensive days of the tion was constantly asked, Now how can Asia congress. I make that work in my country? Or, But Although the organizational framework how would you suggest we get this started was provided by the Billy Graham Evan where I come from? gelistic Association (coordinator was Dr. Among the projects or emphases that Stanley Mooneyham, who also coordinated stimulated the greatest interest were the the Berlin congress), yet the speakers were people-to-people-type evangelistic pro primarily from the twenty-four Asian grams. One such is the "cell group," where countries represented. The day began with a group of from four to six gather for prayer groups and a Bible study period on prayer and Bible study. After the group is MARCH, 1969 31 •——————-""• —————•-^^^•^•'""^•^•""^^••^^^•^•^^^i^BMi^MBKaBP^IIllllllllBilllHIIIIIIIIIHHI^MBMaBBaa Dr. Stanley Mooneyham, coordinator, welcoming th? delegates and observers to the first meeting. The panels say "Christ Seeks Asia" in Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean. Dr. Kirn of Korea translates. well on its way, non-Christian visitors are cern, not just occasional weeks of spiritual invited. As the attendance stabilizes, one emphasis. or two of the original members pull awav 6. Evangelistic camps. These are youth and begin groups of their own. In this way camps held successfully in several places in satellite "cell groups" keep developing and Asia where the only requirement for at then in turn reproduce themselves. Be tendance is that you be a non-Christian. cause of varying conditions in some areas 7. A creative plan for young adults. Vo of the world, the "cell group" has not only cational counseling. Nursery provision at augmented but is necessarily filling the church services. Counseling and discussion role of public evangelism. groups conducted by those who are sensi A rather uncomfortable paper was pre tive to the local cultural atmosphere. sented on the subject of the relation be tween the Christian church and the youth A Modern Touch of Asia, by Mr. Chua Wee Hian, of Hong It is essential that the church keep pace Kong. Meaningful, however, are some of the with the electronic age in which it exists. suggestions he had to offer: With this in mind Project East was intro 1. The church should create situations duced. This is an anachronism, standing and atmosphere where it can have creative for Electronic Answering Search Technol dialog with the youth, churches, and un ogy, and represents the concern of those churched of the community. in the scholarly world who see the faith of 2. Challenge Christian young people to today©s youth being eroded by non-Chris total dedication, not just a "sign-your- tian answers to academic questions. Proj name-here-please" kind of Christianity. ect East has begun to contact conservative 3. Encourage Christian young people to scholars around the world so that the logi give some time each week in tutoring slower cal evidences of the Christian faith might students (this kind of help is given more be prepared for storage in the memory files here than in other places). of a giant computer for instant retrieval. 4. Encourage and train gifted young Typewriter consoles with TV screen writers. above them will soon be in seminary and 5. Urge all Christian institutions to give college libraries around the world. By 1972 priority to soul winning as a full-time con- more than a hundred such terminals will 32 THE MINISTRY be in operation. Students will be able to the film ministry in Asia is doing a work request information on virtually any area that cannot be done in any other way. relating to the Christian faith, and after relevant abstracts on the specific subject Peculiar Problems desired have been researched, the actual Of special interest to Seventh-day Ad- pages will be displayed on the screen. "Op ventists as we face the end of time is the timistically," says Walter R. Martin, di interest of the congress in union. Or per rector of the project, "given transistorized haps "unity" would be a better word. Ad weaponry, the church may yet win its age- mittedly there is much inefficiency in the old battle against skepticism, agnosticism, Christian church©s evangelism because of and atheism." its duplication. In one Encounter Group Also coming into increasing prominence after another the subject of shelving dif- as an evangelistic tool is the motion pic erences and uniting in a common evan ture. During the Seattle World©s Fair in gelistic outreach was the theme of discus 1962, nearly half a million of the 10 mil sion; but the end of the discussion was lion people visiting the fair watched one always the same, "To whose church would of the Moody "Sermons From Science" the converts be won?" The desire and the films. Of those, some 22,000 stayed after incentive for unity are present, but as yet the film to talk to a spiritual counselor. there are unresolvable differences that There have been about 1,950 premiers of perpetuate ©s divisions. the Billy Graham film, The Restless Ones, No man returned to his home un during which 293,000 have come forward changed by the congress. Having studied to record some kind of decision. While ad and prayed with others whose burden is mittedly many of these who view the films the same as yours; having brought to mind are already Christians, it is also true that the sacrifices of those who have paid the some are not, and many are reached in this supreme price in their desire to preach the way who would never attend a public evan gospel of Jesus Christ; having listened to gelistic service. the tear-choked voice of a man pleading Just now some of the evangelism em with God for power to bring Asia to the phasis films are beginning to find their foot of the cross, a man can never be the way into the countries of Asia with trans same again. lated sound tracks dubbed in in the local And perhaps Asia will never be the same language. This poses a problem in pro again. Perhaps the prayer of one delegate duction, and in some cases dilutes the im may yet be answered that the time may not pact. Yet, even with these disadvantages, be far away when Asia seeks Christ.

Singapore Conference Hall, scene of the Asia-South Pacific Congress on Evangelism, held Nov. 5-13, 1968. MARCH, 1969 - 33 Editorial Note The written word provides one way in which a minister may greatly extend his ministry. It is hoped this article will provide the added encour agement and information some need to launch them into this fruitful field. So How a Manuscript Is Processed You Let us first see what happens when a manuscript is received in the mail at a pub lishing house: Have a 1. A secretary acknowledges receipt of the manuscript in the editorial offices. 2. The manuscript is passed around to Manuscript7. seven or more readers. Who the readers are depends on the subject and nature of the manuscript. 3. After the readers© reports are in, the manuscript goes to a publishing committee meeting for final decision to publish or not to publish. 4. If rejected, the manuscript is returned RICHARD H. UTT to the author with a brief letter of regret. 5. If accepted, the manuscript is edited Book Editor, Pacific Press and goes to a book-planning committee for specifications paper stock, type face and size, binding, cover, number and kind of illustrations, and so forth. O YOU have the urge to write? Good! 6. The manuscript is turned over to the D Thousands before you have felt this copy editors, who give it a fine-tooth-comb urge. Early in the history of our church treatment for accuracy; next it goes to the James and Ellen White, , and art department for design of covers, open other pioneers amply demonstrated that the ing pages, and layout of illustrations; then pen is mightier than the sword. And a to the typeroom and proofrooms, and on few decades ago young men such as Car- through the printing processes to the fold lyle B. Haynes, Roy F. Cottrell, George ing, binding, storage, and shipping depart McCready Price, Francis D. Nichol, and ments. The entire process may take a year Arthur S. Maxwell began to write. They or more. worked diligently, developed the talents First Steps for Beginning Writers God gave them, and millions have been blessed as a result. Now, you are a would-be writer, or are The opportunities are now greater than giving advice to a beginning writer. What ever before. God needs good writers, and must you do to prepare a superior manu many are responding to the need. Readers script, one that will be accepted? are becoming increasingly familiar with 1. Learn all you can about good writ the work of scribes like George Vandeman, ing from regular school classes, night Roland Hegstad, Carol Hetzell, Herb school, or correspondence school; or at least Ford, Jan Doward, Warren Johns, Don read one or more books on the art of writ Yost, Howard Weeks, and many others. ing, such as Creative Techniques for Chris Publishing houses secure manuscripts by tian Writers, by Norma Youngberg. When two methods free lance and assigned. Ob it comes to writing for SDA periodicals, an viously, assignment is usually made only to excellent guide is the new volume Writing authors of proved ability. But what about for Adventist Magazines, by Don Yost. the beginner? What can he do when he has 2. Inquire about the publisher©s needs. a burden to write? Query the publisher something like this: 34 THE MINISTRY "I have been studying such and such a to what even the specialists can write. topic, and would like to prepare a manu Why? Because the specialist may know his script on it. Would you be interested in subject but not know how to set it down seeing a sample of my writing and an out intelligibly or readably. line of the proposed book?" Is THE MANUSCRIPT INTERESTINGLY WRIT 3. The editor, if interested in the pro TEN? If the writing is done in such a style posed subject, will probably reply, "Send that its chief result will be to induce som one or two sample chapters plus an out nolence, then it should be entitled Sound, line of the rest of the book, describing Refreshing Sleep: A How-to-Do-It Book briefly the contents of each chapter." for Insomniacs. If a really boring book deals with any other subject it will not Bases for Judging Manuscripts meet the need and will probably interest DOES IT MEET A NEED? Will it make a con no publishing committee. tribution? Does it solve a problem? For IS THE MANUSCRIPT WELL WRITTEN? Good example, will it draw the reader closer to writing is too vast a subject to explore in Christ? Will it help save young people for this brief article. Be sure to read as many the church? Will it point the way to better books as possible, or take writing classes, health? Will it arouse a deeper interest in and learn the secrets of compelling writ missions? Will it strengthen a pastor©s min ing. If you were to be the first astronaut istry? Examples of valuable, vital, useful to land on the moon, you would learn all volumes are: you could possibly learn about making a Is It the Watchtower? by E. B. Price. A successful trip before you undertook the helpful book already winning Jehovah©s journey. Do no less when contemplating Witnesses to the Advent message, writ writing for publication. ten by a specialist working for these WILL IT SELL? This is one of the most people. important questions of all. A manuscript You Can Trust the Bible, by A. Graham may be expertly written, but it serves no Maxwell. This is a pertinent message purpose if there is little or no market for it. for a secular age. It is capably written DOES IT DUPLICATE MATERIAL FOUND IN by an authority on the subject. OTHER BOOKS NOW IN PRINT or in manu- His Initials Were F.D.N., by Kenneth scripts already accepted for publication? and Miriam Wood. An inspiring biog This is one of the reasons for querying the raphy of a great church leader and man publishers before writing the entire manu of God. script. The publisher may have another The Work of the Pastor, by Orley M. manuscript on the same subject and may Berg. Ideas and methods to help the busy not be in the market for yours. These types pastor be more effective in his ministry, of manuscripts are in oversupply: doc by a specialist in this field. trinal harangues, stories on animals, mis sions, travelogs, tedious memoirs of the au Is THE AUTHOR AN AUTHORITY? Dr. Alton thor©s childhood on the farm, and collec Ochsner, of New Orleans, could write a tions of doggerel. book on smoking and lung cancer because If your manuscript is judged superior, he is an authority on this subject. Probably and passes the tests given above, you will none of us wish to read a volume on lung receive a letter of acceptance, followed by cancer authored by a plumber, an English a small advance royalty payment and a teacher, or a housewife. The same goes for contract to sign. theology, science, medicine, education, and other specialized fields. We live in an age Other Hints for Aspiring Writers of specialization, and we want to listen to Manuscripts should be neatly typed, one who knows an authority. with sufficient margins, and free from Nevertheless, there is opportunity for strikeovers. There is no need to send with those who may not be outstanding special your manuscript a recommendation from ists in arts or sciences. If a capable writer your teacher, friend, minister, or Aunt learns to do sound research and interview Hattie, urging that the manuscript be ac ing, consulting those who are authorities, cepted. These recommendations do not im organizing the information intelligently, press editors. The quality of the writing honestly, accurately, and then has the writ and the relevance of the subject roar so ten product carefully checked by special loudly that editors cannot hear the whis- ists, he may produce a manuscript superior (Contimied on page 59} MARCH, 1969 35 The Name of God 2 JESUS as The Lord Thy God

W. E. READ Retired Administrator

HE expression "the Lord thy God" re the testimony of the Scriptures relative to Tminds us of the Saviour©s words to Satan these names,, particularly with regard to in the wilderness of temptation: "Thou their application to Jesus Christ. shalt not tempt the Lord thy God" (Matt. 1. Jesus the Messiah as "Lord." 4:7). a. The angelic proclamation. As indicated near the close of the last When Christ was born in Bethlehem the article, the Greek text for the expression first pronouncement recorded in the New "the Lord thy God" in the just-quoted Testament (which has come down to us in words of Christ to Satan reads, kurion ton Greek) concerning His being "the Lord" theon sou ("[the] Lord the God of thee"). was not made by man, but by the angel As for the words kurion and theon in this Gabriel. To shepherds caring for their Greek expression, they are forms of the flocks in the open countryside near the city Greek words kurios ("Lord") and theos ("God"). of David on the night of Christ©s birth, Gabriel, "the angel of the Lord" (com Christ©s above-quoted statement to Sa pare Luke 2:9 and 1:19, 26), made the an tan is clearly a quotation from the Old nouncement: "To you is born this day in Testament scriptures. When the God of the city of David a Saviour, who is Christ heaven warned His ancient people against the Lord" (Luke 2:11, R.S.V.). going into heathen idolatry, the divine "Christ" and, "Lord" Christos and counsel was: "Ye shall not tempt the Lord Kurios in the Greek text of the just-quoted your God" (Deut. 6:16). In the Hebrew proclamation are not the only names an text of this scripture the two words ren nounced by Gabriel for the Son of God. dered, respectively, "Lord" and "God" are, Sent by God to Mary to tell her that she respectively, Yahweh and 'Elohim. Hence, would give birth to God©s Son, Gabriel we have, in the juxtaposition of these two said: "Behold, thou shalt conceive in thy passages, the Greek names Kurios and womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call Theos in the New Testament equated with his name Jesus. He shall be great, and the Hebrew names Yahweh and 'Elohim shall be called the Son of the Highest" in the Old Testament. (Luke 1:31, 32). Appearing in a dream to The names Lord and God are frowned Joseph, the husband of Mary, he said: "Jo upon by the proponents of the Yahweh- seph, thou son of David, fear not to take Yeshua concept, and they do not appear in unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is the special Bible printed by them.1 The conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. And contention of some of these proponents is she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt that these terms stem from ancient idola call his name Jesus: for he shall save his try, and that they are stamped with that people from their sins" (Matt. 1:20, 21). background. At this writing we shall not Still another name of God©s Son comes to go into the ancestry of the names Lord and us through Matthew©s story of His birth. God. What we will discuss in this article is Just after recording Gabriel©s announce 1 The Holy Name Bible, revised bv A. B. Traine, The ment to Joseph, Matthew adds the follow Scripture Research Association, 1125 Stuyvesant Ave., Irv- irgton, N.J., 1963. ing: "Now all this was done, that it might

36 THE MINISTRY be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord able to answer: "How then doth David in by the prophet, saying, Behold, a virgin spirit call him Lord [Kurios], saying, the shall be with child, and shall bring forth a Lord [Kurios] said unto my Lord son, and they shall call his name Emman [Kurios], Sit thou on my right hand, till I uel, which being interpreted is, God with make thine enemies thy footstool? If us" (verses 22, 23). The name indicated David then call him Lord [Kurios], how here is the very same one as foretold long is he his son?" (verses 43-45). Comparing before by the prophet Isaiah (Isa. 7:14), Christ©s quotation of David©s statement, except for a slightly different spelling: "The Lord [Kurios] said unto my Lord "Emmanuel," as given by Matthew; "Im- [Kurios]," with the same statement found manuel," as written in Hebrew by Isaiah. in the first verse of Psalm 110, we find that Inasmuch as the deity of Christ is amply in the Hebrew the first "LORD" is Yah- taught in the Bible, it is logical that He weh, and that the second is 'Adon. So, in should be referred to at times as "Lord," quoting David©s words, Christ recognized which is a title of the Deity. His Father as being Yahweh, the Lord of Christ©s name "Lord," proclaimed by heaven and earth, and Himself as 'Adon, "the angel of the Lord" at His birth, was the Messiah looked for by the Jews, who recognized by Him and used by Him of regarded Psalm 110:1-4 as applying to the Himself when, near the close of His min Messiah.3 istry, He said in a conversation with His c. The testimony of the apostles that disciples: "Ye call me Master and Lord: Christ is "Lord." and ye say well; for so I am" (John 13:13).2 After Christ©s ascension His apostles went Here Christ calls Himself "Lord" Kurios, forth proclaiming to men the great fact as given in the Greek text. that salvation has come through the cruci After Christ©s resurrection His name fied but now resurrected and ascended "Lord" was used by the disciple Thomas, Lord. Observe how they refer to Him as who, when convinced that the very same such: Jesus who had been crucified stood before Peter declares: "God hath made that him, exclaimed: "My Lord and my God" same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both (John 20:28). Lord [Kurios} and Christ" (Acts 2:36). b. Christ's use of the appellation "Lord" Paul declares: "No one can say ©Jesus is in connection with His Father. Lord [Kurios]' except by the Holy Spirit" In the New Testament Scriptures the (1 Cor. 12:3, R.S.V.). great Creator is referred to as "Father" James declares: "Our Lord [Kurios] Jesus some 260 times, more than 150 of which Christ, the Lord of glory" (James 2:1). are found in the four Gospels. Our Re 2. Jesus the Messiah as "God." deemer used the word frequently, and some a. Christ's own testimony. times He coupled with this paternal ap The very first reference we have in the pellation other names of Deity, one of New Testament on the deity of Christ is which is "Lord." in the book of Matthew, in the chapter tell In His earnest prayer of joyful gratitude ing about Christ©s encounter with the devil to His Father in heaven when His "other in the wilderness of temptation. Tempted seventy [disciples]" (Luke 10:1) returned by Satan to cast Himself down from the with joy from the gospel mission on which pinnacle of the Temple "if He was the He had sent them, Jesus used together the Son of God, Jesus replied, without any hes words "Father" (Pater) and "Lord" itation: "Thou shalt not tempt the Lord (Kurios) as follows: "I thank thee, O Fa [Kurios] thy God [Theos]" (Matt. 4:7)." ther, Lord of heaven and earth" (Luke b. The testimony of the apostles. 10:21; Matt. 11:25). Here in the Greek Seeing his risen Master standing before text the Saviour equates Pater ("Father") him, Thomas exclaimed: "My Lord with Kurios ("Lord"). IKurios] and my God [Theos]" (John Conversing one day with the Pharisees, 20:28). Jesus asked them, "What think ye of Writing to the Romans, Paul declared, Christ? whose son is he?" (Matt. 22:42). with full assurance: "Christ came, who is When they replied, "The son of David," over all, God [Theos] blessed for ever" He asked them a question they were un- (Rom. 9:5). 3 See Midrash on Psalms, vol. 2, book 5. sect. 4. on Ps. 2 The Greek word translated here as "Master" is rendered 110:1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959), p. 206. as "Teacher" in the Revised Standard Vers:on. 1 On this text, see the beginning of this article.

MARCH, 1969 37 From John, we have the following ring to the God of heaven.6 Furthermore, we ing testimony: "We know that the Son of must also bear in mind that our Lord Him God [Theos] is come, and hath given us self attributed this very name to Himself an understanding, that we may know him when, in Matthew 22:42-45, He identified that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ. Himself with the second "Lord" referred to This is the true God [Theos], and eternal by David in his phrase "The Lord [Yah- life" (1 John 5:20). weh] said unto my Lord ['Adon]," in 3. Jesus the Messiah—His multiple names. Psalm 110:1. Moreover, in the King James What a galaxy of expressions are found Version, 'Adonai is usually printed "Lord," in the books of the New Testament that and in different instances it is even equated proclaim Jesus of Nazareth "Christ" and with Yahweh (see PS. 38:15; 68:20; 97:5; "Lord" and "God"! Let us notice first the 109:21; 130:2, 3; etc.). couplets, and then the multiples, remem On the translation of the Hebrew word bering, however, that the first couplet was 'Adonai as "Lord," we wish to state here given by Gabriel, "the angel of the Lord": that sometime after the Babylonian cap a. The couplets: tivity the Jews ceased to mention the sa "Christ [Kristos] the Lord [Kurios]" (used cred name Yahweh, and used the name by "the angel of the Lord" in Luke 2:11). 'Adonai in its stead.© A reason for this is "Jesus the Christ" (used by Jesus in Matt. indicated in a well-known Jewish reference 16:20). work: "Lord Jesus" (Luke 24:3). The avoidance of the original name of God both "Master and Lord" (used by Jesus in John in speech and, to a certain extent, in the Bible was 13:13, 14). due, according to Geiger© ("Urschrif t," p. 262), to a "Lord and . . . God" (used by Thomas in reverence which shrank from the utterance of the John 20:28). Sublime Name; and it may well be that such a re "Lord and Christ" (used by Peter in Acts luctance first arose in a foreign and hence in an 2:36). "unclean" land, very possibly, therefore in Baby "Christ Jesus" (used by Paul in Acts 19:4). lonia. According to Dalman (I.e. pp. 66 et seq.), "Lord of lords" (used by Paul in 1 Tim. the Rabbis forbade the utterance of the Tetragram- 6:15). maton, to guard against desecration of the Sacred "Jesus our Lord" (used by Peter in 2 Peter , Name; but such an ordinance could not have been 1:2). effectual unless it had met with popular approval.8 b. The multiples: When the Tetragram became too holy for ut "Lord Jesus Christ" (used by Peter in Acts terance Adonai was substituted for it, so that, as a 11:17). rule, the name written YHWH receives the points "Jesus Christ our Lord" (used by Paul in of Adonai and is read Adonai, except in cases where Rom. 6:11). Adonai precedes or succeeds it in the text, when "Christ Jesus our Lord" (used by Paul in it is read Elohim.9 Eph. 3:11). "Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ" (used by Today, when reading the Holy Scrip Peter in 2 Peter 1:11). tures the Jews generally use the name "The great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ" '"Adonai" when they come to the word (used by Paul in Titus 2:13). YHWH, which is rendered "Lord" in the "Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour" (used by King James Version. Paul in Titus 1:4). As to whether Jesus used the name Yah 4. Jesus the Messiah as ©Adonai ("Lord") weh in speaking, we have no way of telling. Distasteful as it may be to some to attri But if the Jewish leaders and people had bute to Jesus the Messiah the name 'Adonai discontinued the practice of pronouncing ("Literally ©my Lord,© the plural form of the sacred name and had generally substi ©Adon, that is, ©Lord© or ©Lordship© "),5 tuted 'Adonai for it, it is unlikely that He which they say is the name of a heathen would have gone contrary to their custom god, we must bear in mind that although in this matter. We do know that when He the word 'Adonai is used more than 300 cried to His Father on Calvary©s cross, He times in the Hebrew Bible, it is not in one instance applied to false gods, but always 7 In The Babylonian Talmud we read: "The Tetragram- maton is yod he waw -he; but it is read adoni = alef daleth nun yod."—"Seder Nashim" [London, Soncino Press, 1936], p. 5 The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 1, col, 2. article "Adonai" 361, Tractate Kiddushin, 71a, footnote. (Funk and Wagnalls Co., New York and London, 1901). p. 8 The Jewish Encyclotoedia, vol. 12. col. 1. article "Tetra- 201. grammaton©©© (Funk and Wagnalls Co.. New York and London, 6 See Robert Young©s Analytical Concordance to the Bible 1901), p. 119. (24th ed., Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York. 1923). 9 Same reference as for No. 5. THE MINISTRY addressed Him as "Eli, Eli" (Matt. 27:46), To Paul and to the members of the early or as "Eloi, Eloi" (Mark 15:34).10 Christian church the crucified Jesus was 5. Things of shame exalted to themes of "the Lord of glory" (1 Cor. 2:8), "the Lord highest glory. from heaven" (chap. 15:47), the "Lord of The Greek words Kurios ("Lord") and lords" (1 Tim. 6:15; Rev. 17:14; 19:16), Theos ("God") meant a great deal to the "the same Lord over all" (Rom. 10:12), apostle Paul, who knew their background. "the Lord Christ" (Col. 3:24), "the prince On some aspects of this, Dr. Adolf Deiss- of the kings of the earth" (Rev. 1:5), "over mann has an interesting comment: all, God blessed for ever" (Rom. 9:5). It may be said with certainty that at the time Indeed, "Jesus Christ is Lord, to the when Christianity originated "Lord" was a divine glory of God the Father" (Phil. 2:11), for predicate intelligible to the whole Eastern world. Christ Jesus: who, being in the form of God, St. Paul©s confession of "Our Lord Jesus Christ" thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but was his cosmopolitan expansion of a local Aramaic made himself of no reputation, and took upon him cult-title, Marana [=Our Lord, 1 Cor. XVI.22], the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness applied to Jesus the Messiah by the apostolic of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he Primitive Christians at Jerusalem and occasionally humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even by Paul himself in the outer world. Like the even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also complemental thought, that the worshippers are hath highly exalted him, and given him a name the "slaves" of the Lord it was understood in its which is above every name: that at the name of full meaning by everybody in the Hellenistic East, Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and it facilitated the spread of the Christian terms and things in earth, and things under the earth; of worship and of the cult of Christ itself.11 and that every tongue should confess that Jesus The New Testament writers knew also Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father that besides being applied to rich men, rul (Phil. 2:6-11). ers, and kings,12 the Greek words Kurios (To be continued) ("Lord") and Theos ("God") and their Latin equivalents, Cominus ("Lord") and Deus ("God") were applied to false gods.13 This is made clear by Liddell and So You Have a Manuscript? Scott in their Greek and English Lexicon. From such a background Paul took the (Continued from page 3$} very words men were using in Greek for "lord" and "god," lifted them out of the pering testimonials sent by the author as lower levels, and raised them to the highest to the superlative merits of his manuscript. possible elevation, giving them the mean The market is a buyer©s market. Pub ing that in the understanding of the early lishers can and must be choosy about the Christian believers entirely transcended manuscripts they accept for publication. their customary meaning. Thus, whereas To do otherwise is to commit financial, in the concept of many these words savored spiritual, and literary suicide. Publishers of domination and slavery, and even abject do not want to fill the shelves of the Book bondage, these same terms as applied by and Bible House with dead material. Prob Paul to Jesus of Nazareth connoted divine ably not more than one free-lance manu authority exercised in the framework of a script out of fifteen or twenty is deemed master-servant relationship that is one of suitable for publication. Yet there is a great the highest forms of freedom. Notice how need for more truly great and important Paul expresses this in the following state books among Adventists. ment: "He that is called in the Lord, being Finally, editors and publishing com a servant, is the Lord©s freeman: likewise mittees are fallible. To the aspiring author also he that is called, being free, is Christ©s whose pearl is spurned by one publisher, servant" (1 Cor. 7:22). we suggest trying another. It sometimes happens that what one committee labels 10 Mark 15:34 is quoted by Ellen G. White in The Desire as unnecessary, uninteresting, and unsal of Ages, p. 754. able, is accepted by another publishing 11 Adolf Deissmann, Light From the Ancient East The New Testament. Illustrated by Recently Discovered Texts house and turned into a whizzing success. of the Graeco-Roman World, trans. by Lionel R. M. Strachan, from the latest German edition: new and com This occurs about as often as the visits of pletely revised, with eighty-five illustrations (New York: Halley©s comet, but it is just often enough George H. Doran Company, 1927), pp. 350, 351. 12 Matt. 18:25; 20:8; Mark 6:21; etc. to remind publishing-house folks to try to 13 1 Cor. 8:5. remain humble. MARCH, 1969 39 Adopting Good Attitudes—2 SIDE Those Interruptions!

4 Shepherdess Feature Conducted by Dollis M. Pierson

MIRIAM HARDINGE ELL," said my husband as he leaned Minister's Wife, La Sierra, California W down to loosen the strings of his shoes as we prepared to retire, "that wasn©t the kind of day I planned." I chuckled as I said, "Nor was it the kind "Well, this is the day to expect anything or 7 had planned." anyone." It©s always been to us like one of "But it was very nice seeing those two those grab bags. We never know what or again. Pete is so enthusiastic about his whom a Sunday may bring. Perhaps no work." My husband shook his head as he one, and perhaps everything and everyone. continued, "There was a time when we Yes, it©s a real surprise day. thought he©d never make it. His grades Sometimes a day of this sort can be very were so poor. He didn©t seem to know how frustrating. You say to yourself, gritting to study, but he learned with encourage your teeth as you do so, "I©ve just got to get ment. Now he is so mature. Look at him this done today," and when an interrup a church of his own already. It©s wonderful tion comes you are all upset because you©ve what the Holy Spirit can do for one who either got to give up your plans or else is dedicated." burn the midnight oil to finish them when Each of us had had plans that Sunday to everybody©s gone to bed. accomplish much that had been waiting You©re kneading the dough and the for attention. We had no appointments doorbell rings. and the day was clear so we thought. We You©re washing your hair and the tele were just getting down to business when phone rings. the front doorbell rang, and there on the You©re making the outline of a talk doorstep stood two young people, past stu and someone in the family wants help, and dents, grinning from ear to ear. We were now! and how! delighted to see them and shared their en Oh, how frustrated we can get at having thusiasm as they told us of their church our plans all disrupted, and how much activities. We helped them find material harm we can do ourselves by giving in to they needed to carry on various branches this frustration! of the work, and of course we invited them After all, why should we feel that way? to share our meal with us. In the morning we consecrate ourselves to They had hardly departed when an God. "Make this your very first work," the other ring called us to the front door. servant of the Lord tells us. "Do you have a few minutes to spare?" Yes, I always do that, you say. Well, read the man at the door pleaded. "I need so on. "Let your piayer be, ©Take me, O Lord, much to talk to you about ," and his as wholly Thine. I lay all my plans at Thy long face and troubled mien showed that feet. Use me today in Thy service. Abide he was indeed in need of help. It was two with me, and let all my work be wrought in hours or more before he left, but it was Thee.© " Then she goes on to counsel us, with a lighter step and a happier expres "Surrender all your plans to Him, to be sion. carried out or given up as His providence In our house we always say of Sundays, shall indicate." Steps to Christ, p. 70. 40 THE MINISTRY That is where our trouble often lies. We Readers' Response carefully make plans our plans and then fret because we cannot carry them out be Our readers have written, telling of their cause of interruptions. But this is not what appreciation for our By His Side feature. Those who have taken time to write for this section we are asked to do. We are to submit our will be most pleased with the response. plans to the Master, and then if He sees fit to alter them in some way we must remem I am enjoying By His Side section in THE MINISTRY. We have had three copies so far. I always ber that it is His plans that we are to carry look for this section first! Mrs. S. (Africa). out. So that dress you didn©t cut out, that I appreciate your efforts to have something in flower border you didn©t weed, that cake THE MINISTRY that will be helpful to the women. I always look for those articles first when the maga you didn©t get around to baking, that talk zine comes. Mrs. F. (Tennessee). you did not prepare, that article you did not copy, were not so important as the I believe that God helped you and the brethren to things that came as interruptions. The choose the right name of By His Side for your word of encouragement you spoke, that ma women©s section. Elder W. (Maryland). terial you took the time to hunt up and Since arriving home I have just seen By His Side, explain to a young worker, that sound and I am thrilled with what has been presented. I counsel you gave, may have been a turning know that it will be a great blessing to us all. Mrs. F. (Maryland). point in the life and work of the one who D. M. P. "interrupted." Accept those interruptions for what they are a change of plans ordered by God. And in doing this you will lose the frus trated feeling you might otherwise have I have always loved to bake bread but never harbored and will be content in the knowl had time to do this while my husband was in edge that you are doing God©s will and school and I was working full time. Now that he has finished and I am at home again, I carrying out His purposes. have started baking bread every week. In my In accepting what comes you will have opinion there is no nicer smell that permeates the following promise: "Thus day by day the home than that of freshly baked bread. you may be giving your life into the hands As I began to figure up our budget I real of God, and thus your life will be molded ized that by making our bread I was saving more and more after the life of Christ." about half the cost of store-bought bread. Ibid. "Wouldn©t it be nice to share some of this homemade bread?" I said to myself. So I started making one extra loaf each week just to give to someone. My husband takes this loaf each week and gives it to someone with whom he is having Bible studies or a church "My Personal Part in the Ministry" member or someone he is just visiting. It is surprising how much they appreciate such a small thing. It is such a ioy to know that even though I The Joy cannot be out with him when he is visiting, I can send a little effort of mine with him. Even though we give away one loaf of bread of Sharing a week, our bread still costs us less than if we bought it at the store, and homemade bread AVING been in the ministry for less than is so much more healthful. So we are actually one year, my husband and I have only better off all the way round by making and Hlimited experience, but I wish to share with sharing our bread. other ministers© wives a little idea that has I recall reading a statement a few years ago been a real thrill and inspiration to me in our which says: "There is more rel©g©on ;n a loaf short ministry. of good bread than many think." The Min When we were finally settled in our first istry of Healing, p. 302. I wonder whether it field of endeavor I was so happy to be at could be possible that by sharing our bread last a full-time wife and mother. However, we can also be sharing our religion? We raw with three small children I found that there one family baptized a few Sabbaths ago who were plenty of things to do at home, and I were the recipients of one of our loaves of wasn©t able to go out visiting with my hus bread. It was a real thrill. band as I would like to have done. ROSALIE K. POLLETT MARCH, 1969 41 1968 Ordinations in North America

Alberta Conference Kansas Conference CLARK, WILLIS. Bible teacher, Canadian Union College, BOSHELL. LARRY, Bible teacher and pastor. Box 86, Cen- College Heights. Alberta. tralia, Missouri 65240. HYLAND VERNE, pastor. 817 Mary Avenue, Willmar. Min Allegheny East Conference nesota 56201. JOHNSON, ALTON D.. pastor, studying at Andrews University. ANDERSON, G. W,, publishing secretary, 5441 Diamond Street. . Pennsylvania 19131. Kentucky-Tennessee Conference BANKS, A. L.©. pastor, 532 E. Commerce Street, Bridgetcn. New Jersey© 08302. DRISKELL. ORVAL L.. associate manager, book department SMITH, G. X., pastor, P.O. Box 761, Salisbury, Maryland SPA. 3223 Healy Court, Xashville. Tennessee 37207. 21801. KIMBALL, ROBERT, pastor, Route 1 © N. Friendship Road, Paducah, Kentucky 42001. Allegheny West Conference LEVERING, IRAD. pastor, 652 Blade. Frankfort, Kentucky FREEMAN . HENRY S., pub! ishing secretary, 2601 Rhoads 40504. Avenue. Columbus, Ohio 43207. Lake Region Conference LEE, HAROLD L.. stewardship secretary, Caribbean Union Conference, P.O. Box 221, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and CHEATHAM, OLIVER E., pastor, 53 Miller St.. Niles, Michigan Tobago, West Indies. Michigan Conference Arkansas-Louisiana Conference FRITZ, PETER, pastor. Route 5, Box 61, Adrian, Michigan DYERJ LAYMOND C., conference evangelist, P.O. Box 1557, 49221. Topeka, Kansas 66600. INOHAM, WILBUR D., Bible teacher, Cedar Lake Academy, SCHNEIDER DON C., district pastor, 7222 Norge Blvd., Fort Cedar Lake, Michigan 48812. Smith, Arkansas 72901. KENASTON. HENRY W., pastor, 421 W. Pasadena, Flint, Mich igan 48505. Central California Conference STRUNTZ, THEODORE KARL, pastor, 15323 Oakfield, BOUIT, JEAN J. ; pastor, 1098 Parkside, Lindsay. California Michigan 48227. 93247. WIESE, ROBERT L., pastor, 349 W. Bluff, Marquette. Mich DEHAVEN. WINSTON, MV and WSO secretary, 920 Cera igan 49855. Drive, San Jose; California 94129. Missouri Conference DRIVER. DON £. assoc ate pastor 1036 Jacquelinc Way, San Jose, California 95129. NAIL, JACK, MV, education, temperance secretary, 8411 East 85th Street, Raytown.© Missouri 64138. Chesapeake Conference SPAULDING, EARL, principal, Sunnydale Academy, Centralia Missouri 65240. HAS SINGER, KEITH B.. pastor. Route 6, Frederick, Mary TYNER, MITCHELL, pastor, 2616 Belle, St. Joseph, Missouri land 21701. Florida Conference Montana Conference MARSHALL, JOHN" L., pastor-evangelist, P.O. Box 417, San JONES, VERNON, district pastor, 934 Assiniboine Ave., Havre. Antonio, Florida 33576. Montana 59501. NICHOLS. L. DUDLEY, pastor, 38 Magruder Avenue. Rock- ledge, Florida 32955. Nebraska Conference ROY, ERNEST A., pastor, 2080 Shannon Avenue, Melbourne-, Florida 32903. CHRISTENSEN R. W., pastor, 5219 Stockwell Lincoln, Nebraska 68506. Georgia-Cumberland Conference DUFFIELD, D. C.. treasurer, Christian Record, 5300 Lowell, Lincoln, Nebraska 68516. CAUGHRON ROY. pastor, 1051 Red Oaks Drive, Macon, SHARP. JOHN, youth pastor, 5049 Holyoke Way, Sacramento. Georgia 31204.© California 95341. ROBINS. JOHX, pastor, Route 1, Morristown, Tennessee 37864. Nevada-Utah Conference STEVENS, ERNEST, pastor, Box 787, Jasper, Tennessee 37347. SIMMONS. EARL L., pastor, 525 S. Bailey, Fallen, Nevada Hawaiian Mission 89406. AMONG, RICHARD, pastor, 92-604 Aoloko Street, Ewa, Hawaii Netvfoundland Mission 96706. ORPANA, O. A., pastor, 20 Linds Road, Cornerbrook, New RABANAL B ALBINO, pastor, P.O. Box 248. Kaimakakai. foundland, Canada. Hawaii 96748. Idaho Conference New Jersey Conference GRIFFIN, JOHN W., associate auditor, North Pacific Union Conference. HARRIS, GORDON H-. Book and B :b!e House manager. Wash ington Conference, Seattle, Washington 98103. Illinois Conferences New York Conference HOFFMAN. CLIFFORD, associate pastor, 2643 W. Vv mona, Cox, HAYSMER E.. district leader, 111 S. Washington St., Chicago, Illinois 60f>25. Binghamtcn, New York 13S03. MOLDRIK, EMIL D., dean of boys, Broad view Academy, La CnS3URN. DON A., publishing secretary. Ill Spruce Tree Fox, Illinois 60147. Lane, Syracuse, New York 13219. ROSCHER, HEARLEY, d;strict pastor, 9908 58th, Apt. B-4. La Grange, Illino©s 60525. Northern California Conference APPLEGATE, RODNEY, pastor, 4749 Papaya Drive, Fair Oaks, Indiana Conference California 95628. ALLINDER, CARL N., __d:s?rict leader, 102 S. 8th Street, Vin- HAUGEN EINAR. Bible teacher. 3627 Monterey Boulevard. cennes, Indiana 47^91. Oakland, California 94619. TH*E MINISTRY North Dakota Conference RIMA. NELSON, pastor, 616 - 18th Avenue S., Grand Forks. BAPTISTRIES-SPIRES f| © North Dakota 58201. Northern New England Conference EDWARDS. ROBERT N., director of deferred giving, 10 Cole Street, Falmouth, Maine 04105. KXINE, PAUL., district pastor, Upper Washington Street, Camden, Maine 04843. MITCHELL, ROLFE B^ district pastor, o3 College Road. Box 672 Dept. J5, Muscatine, Iowa Manchester, New Hampshire 03132. SHULTZ, LESLIE R., district pastor, RFD. Mechanic Street. North Bennington. Vermont 05257. TYLER. MERLE A., district pas©or. 19 Hillcrest Drive. Rochester, New Hampshire 03867. Upper Columbia Conference MoKAY, HAROLD E., district leader. Box 331, Cashmere, Northeastern Conference Washington 98815. FELDER. WILLIAM D.. pastor, 88 Fenwick Street Spring THOMPSON, FREDERICK LEE. pastor, 434 SE. 5th Street. field, Massachusct:s 01109. College Place, Washington 99324. Ohio Conference Washington Conference HOPFER, JAMES, pastor, 109 Vaughn Road, Delaware. Ohio BLEHM, DON, MV secretary. 9408 NE. 121st Place, K-irk- 43015. land, Washington 98033. Oklahoma Conference BURT. ROBERT, district pastor, c/o Shelton SDA Church, Sixth and Railroad Avenue, Shelton, Washington 98584. TUNNELL. DALE, pastor, 1205 Karen, Altus, Oklahoma 73521. ELLIS, GARETH. district pastor, Box 726. Morton. Wash ington 98356. Ontario-Quebec Conference HUBBS. L. E.. Sabbath school and Temperance secretary. JAMES, R., pastor, 106 Frankdale Avenue. Toronto 6, On 242 NW. 196th Place. Seattle. Washington 98177. tario. MOYER, BRUCE. Bible teacher. Auburn "Academy, Auburn. Oregon Conference Washington 98002. EIGENBERG, EDWIN, pastor, Route 2, Box 28-T, Lebanon. West Virginia Conference Oregon 973o5. HORTON. PAUL, youth pastor, 11018 NE Davis Street, Port ROGERS, GEORGE D., P.D.S.. 2934 Fairview Ave., Parkersburg. land, Oregon 97220. W. Va. 26101. MORRIS, TAYLOR, pastor, P.O. Box 266, Florence Oregon 97439. Wisconsin Conference Pennsylvania Conference SHERMAN, GEORGE C., district pastor, Route 2, Richland Cen SCHERMERHORN. R. E., pastor, R.D. 2, Wellsboro, Penn ter, Wisconsin 53581. sylvania 16901. CAMPBELL, TERRY, district pastor, 524 Madison St.. Lancaster. Wisconsin 53813. Potomac Conference Wyoming Conference FARWELL, CLAYTOM© R.. pastor, Box 282, Antioch, Californ:a 94509. GREIG, A. JOSEF, studying for Ph.D. degree, 3 Eltringham PUOCINELLI. VIVIAN T.. pastor, Route 4, Taylor Wood, Gardens, Edinburgh. Scot©and. Galax, Virginia 24333. ROBERTS, ROBERT, studying at Andrews University. South Central Conference PLUMMER. VIOLIN, assistant librarian. Oakwood College, Huntsville. Alabama. WRIGHT. HENRY M.. pastor, P.O. Box 11216 Tackson. Mis sissippi 39203. Interpreting the Bible by Emphasis

Southern California Conference (Continued from page 22} BREWER. BARTHOLOMEW F., pastor, 4614 Rebecca Avenue, La Crescenta, California 91412. NELSON. DEANE. pastor, 549 S. Fairview, Ridgecrest. Cali is done; but "Oh the good we all may do fornia 93555. While the days are going by" if we took the Southeastern California Conference opportunity to know how to read it even DEVNICH, D. DOUGLAS, youth pastor, 4947 Sierra Vista, Riverside, California 92505. reasonably well. It is said that a great NELSON. DONALD A., youth pastor, 519 "C" Shady Lane. El Cajon, California 92021. actress practiced "We fail!" in Macbeth PARK, LESTER, educational secretary, 11388 Flower Avenue. times uncounted. Macbeth says, "If we Riverside. California 92505. SORENSEN. N. CLIFFORD, principal, San Pasaual Academy. should fail?" And the answer is, "We fail!" Route 1, Box 893, Escondido, California 92025. Simplicity itself. But not so fast. What is Southern New England Conference the answer? Does it merely say that if we BURRILL. RUSSELL C.. pastor, 816 Hilltop Drive, Cumber land. ©Maryland 21502. fail we fail, and that is all there is to it, or COFFEN, RICHARD W.. pastor, 89 Monroe Street, Amesbury, does it express hot and scathing scorn of Massachusetts 01913. GILLEY. JAMES W., conference evangelist, 33 Bolton Road. the very idea of our failing? The actress South Lancaster, Massachusetts 01561. worked at the problem a long time, and South Dakota Conference thought it worth her while. But the aver ERHART. MILTON E., district leader, 805 N. Olive, Madison, Sou©Ji Dakota 57042. age reader of the Bible in public boldly Texas Conference reels off haphazard or traditional vocaliz- ALLEN, DAVID, pastor, 424 Wayne Drive. Waco, Texas ings of the words of eternal life without even so much as hesitating, let alone stop EASLEY,© WAYNE. chaplain, Box 354, Beeville. Texas 7810?. GRIFFIN. HERMAN J.. d:strict leader, 5410 Walden Roau. ping to inquire whether his vocal exegesis Beaumont, Texas 77707. is right or wrong. Yet it is fully as im Texico Conference portant to determine whether Jesus said, BURTON G L d!strict leader, 109 New Mexico Drive, Portales. New© Mexico 88120. (Continued on page 46} MARCH, 1969 43 at the same time gang leader of the Harlem Lords, the largest gang in the city. He does not glory in the escapades of those hectic days but it is against this backdrop that he writes. He has made the greatest discovery of the ages that Jesus Christ can save a man from sin and savagery today just as He did nineteen centuries ago. Here is an in sight into why Negroes fight, why they riot, why BOOKS so many of them hate white men. This book is a challenge to both Negroes and people of other races. It is no racist philosophy. On the contrary, it is a marvelous revelation of the power of the gospel. This author possesses the ability to put his finger on the root cause of the race problem and outline the ultimate solution. Skinner, though young in years, is today a flam A Guide, to Modern Versions of the Nea> Testament, ing evangelical preacher, emphasizing that man, Herbert Dennett, Moody Press, Chicago, $2.95. whoever he is, is basically sinful, and it takes the There seems to be no end of translations and regenerating power of Jesus Christ to change him. interpretational versions of the New Testament. Merely changing his circumstances will never make How do they differ one from another? Are they a bad man good. "Only the Christian revolution reliable? Can they be trusted? There seem to be that Jesus Christ came to create within the heart four over-all purposes in printing all the numerous of man holds out firm hope for a new and better types of translations: (1) To present as nearly as future," he says. possible a literal version, holding closely to the Among the many books on this live issue ap Greek and Hebrew words; (2) the paraphrasing pearing today, this reviewer states unequivocally type of translation, using colloquial or modern that Black and Free is at the top. It is brilliantly expressions, endeavoring to present the truths of written and moves into the theme with dispatch. Scripture in a more meaningful language for the Readers both inside and outside the United States people of today; (3) what might be called the will find it gripping and enlightening. The simple "simpler" versions for people who are limited in story of the author©s conversion and its results is religious phraseology and Christian background; worth the price of the book. (4) the amplified or expanded versions, made that R. ALLAN ANDERSON way by suggesting synonyms and alternate render ings of difficult passages of Scripture. "Christus der Herr itn Glauben und Leben der Herbert Dennett©s A Guide to Modern Versions Siebentsn-Tags-Adventisten," Otto Gmehling, Ad- of the New Testament is an over-all guide to these vent-Verlag, Hamburg, 72 pages. various versions. There are nearly forty New Testa ment translations dealt with in this book. He calls This small book does not intend to explain the attention to hundreds of examples of the style of organizational structure of our denomination or its language and the different forms of rendering pas wide missionary and welfare work. Its only purpose sages of Scripture in the various translations. The is to present in short the Christ-centeredness of the author gives a short description and his personal faith and life of Seventh-day Adventists. In this way evaluation of each version. He deals with the back the author hopes to correct the prevailing prejudice ground of the New Testament times which he against Seventh-day that it proclaims feels affected the writing and idiom of the particu a disguised legalism as the way of salvation. lar scripture under consideration. There is also a This booklet may be regarded as a commendable section giving consideration to the various con endeavor to represent the third angel©s message in cordances and other special editions of the Bible its true Christo-centric structure as justification and for the versions described therein, and the other sanctification by faith and submission. for BibJe texts used as examples and illustrations. The author shows by his terminology acquaint This is a worth-while reference book for a general ance with modern German theology, and his book, assessment of the various English versions of the therefore, seems to have a special appeal to the New Testament. ANDREW FEARING spirit of Christianity in Western Europe today. As an introduction to the faith of Seventh-day Adventists it is a worthy representation of the real, Black find Free, Tom Skinner, Zondervan Publish soul-saving burden of the Advent message even in ing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1968, 154 its proclamation of the judgment message. pages, $2.95. We believe that Otto Gmehling has set a dignified If you want something up to date, factual, and example in realizing the great wish of Ellen G. truly readable, get Black and Free. The author White who urged us: was once a gang leader in the hotbed of Harlem, "Of all professing Christians, Seventh-day Ad New York. His father was a minister. But Tom ventists should be foremost in uplifting Christ be Skinner led a double life. Scholastically in the top fore the world." Evangelism, p. 188. 10 per cent of his high school senior class he was HANS K. LARONDELLE

44 THE MINISTRY temple site is in suburban Maryland on acreage 120 feet above the surrounding terrain and over looking Rock Creek Park. The 57-acre site was pur chased by the Mormons in 1962 for $850,000. Plans for the new temple will proceed as rapidly as possible, the president said. The church now has 13 temples throughout the world four in Utah, two in California, and one each in Idaho, Hawaii, NEWS BRIEFS Canada, Arizona, England, Switzerland, and New Zealand.

Synod Underlines Pope Paul©s Interest in Collegial Action

[Unless otherwise credited, the following nevus items are Pope Paul VI has summoned an "extraordinary" taken from Religious News Service.} synod of bishops to meet in Rome on October 11. The purpose of the meeting of representatives of the world©s Catholic bishops will be to study ways Dr. Espy Ready to See NCC Die to Meet Needs and means to stimulate cooperation and useful of "Inclusiveness" contact between the Pope and the national hier Dr. R. H. Edwin Espy, executive head of the Na archies and among the hierarchies themselves. The tional Council of Churches, suggested in St. Louis convocation of bishops is regarded in Vatican City the possibility of a new organization embracing as the pontiff©s reply to criticisms that the Vatican NCC members, the Roman , and has not adequately put into application the prin other groups not part of the council. He said he ciple of collegiality, or joint consultation. was prepared to see the NCC die if necessary to meet new demands of "inclusiveness." The council Southern Baptist Membership Estimated to Be is comprised of 33 Protestant and Orthodox 11.3 Million churches. Addressing the annual Conference of State and Area Secretaries and Board Chairmen Membership in the Southern Baptist Convention of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Dr. is expected to reach 11.3 million by the end of Espy said Christianity must be open to a variety of 1968, according to a profile analysis of data re routes toward greater inclusiveness. He referred to ceived from 25,369 of some 34,000 churches. If increasingly cordial relations between the NCC and correct, the membership figure \vill exceed the the Catholic Church, and added: "We needn©t in 1967 total by 180,000. The Convention is the larg sist on the concept that the Roman Catholic Church est Protestant denomination in the United States. is joining the National Council. It may be that the Second is the United Methodist church, whose present members of the Council, the Catholic last statistical report listed just under 11 million Church and other Churches will join together in a members. The available Methodist figure and the new, more inclusive federation or council of the Southern Baptist projected total are not, however, ecumenically committed Churches of the U.S." entirely comparable. United Methodist tabulations included a mid-1968 figure from the former Meth- Southern Excel in Missions Donations Southern Baptists gave $45.2 million for world mission work during the first 11 months of 1968, the convention©s executive committee reported in ARROW Nashville, Tennessee. Total giving for the entire year of 1967 was $45 million. Contributions to the TERYLENE convention©s 19 agencies accounted for $24 million of the total, while gifts to designated world mission SHIRTS causes totaled $21.2 million. While the $24 million contributed through the convention©s Cooperative Plain white and blue; brown and black stripes. Program is $1.75 million more than was given dur A truly wash and wear shirt. ing the same period in 1967, it is still $2.8 million short of 1968 budget needs. No ironing not even collars and cuffs. Dries sparkling white, no wrinkles. Mormons Plan Temple in Washington Suburb Can be machine or hand washed. A new temple will be built near Washington, Convertible or French cuffs, fused collars. D.C., to serve members of the Church of Jesus Outlasts three ordinary shirts. Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) living in the Eastern States, David O. McKay, president of the church, announced in Salt Lake City. The MARCH, 1969 45 Vatican Radio Praises "Living Faith" o£ Islam Roman Catholics must "look on Islam as a living GOSPIL TINTS faith and not only as a civilization and a religious STEEL-CLAD TABERNACLES doctrine among many orhers," Vatican Radio said SMITH MANUFACTURING CO., DALTON, CA. in a special commentary broadcast in Vatican City. The broadcast, which was chiefly devoted to the Over SO Years in Business Islamic holy month of Ramadan, called on Cath olics to regard Moslems not with indifference and detachment, but xvith friendliness and sympathy. odist Church and a year-end 1967 statistic from "Moslems should be received among us as brothers the former Evangelical United Brethren Church. who share with us the faith in that almighty God The txvo denominations merged last April. In the whom we adore and the desire to meet him and future the United Methodist denomination will serve him to the end of our days," Vatican Radio report at the close of each year. said.

"Inflatable Church" Seen Replacing Evangelist's "Prayer Partnership" Ties 41,000 Baptists Tent More than 41,000 baptists in North, Central, and An inflatable plastic-fabric church as used by an South America have agreed to join in a "prayer Assemblies of God mission unit in Costa Rica is partnership" £or the Crusade of the Americas. The envisioned as the logical answer to the traditional crusade is a massive evangelistic drive sponsored tent for evangelistic services. Developed by the Fire- by Baptists on the two continents. The report on stone Coated Fabric Company of , the the "prayer partnership" was made in Birmingham, so-called "air-cathedral" is 200 feet long, 60 feet Alabama, by Mr. R. L. Mathis, who is coordinating wide, and 30 feet high. It can seat 3,500. The For the project for the Southern Baptist Woman©s Mis eign Mission Board of the Assemblies of God used sionary Union. Under the plan, Baptists in the the "air cathedral" for a city-wide evangelical cru various countries agree to pray for an assigned sade in San Jose, Costa Rica, last December. partner and the crusade, following a prayer cal endar.

Interpreting the Bible by Emphasis (Continued from page 43) CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Advertisements appropriate to The Ministry, appear "I will pray the Father" (and, because it ing under this heading, ten cents a word for each insertion, including initials and address. Minimum is I who pray, He will forgive you), or, as charge, $2.75 for each insertion. Cash required with read traditionally, whether He said, "I will order. Address The Ministry, 6840 Eastern Avenue, pray the Father," as it is to determine how Washington, DC. 20012, U.S.A. Lady Macbeth ought to say, "We fail!" The use of accent and inflection gives the intellectual interpretation, conveys or conceals the thought, of the passage read. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, boasts the finest and In addition, the reader should know how largest used religious and theological bookstore in the to convey the undersurface significances, country. Write for free catalog. Libraries purchased. KRECEL©S BOOK STORE, 525 Eastern Avenue S.E., the emotions, the spiritual overtones of the Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503. passage. To do this is the consummation of art. Handel did it in the Messiah. The aver age reader of the Bible may be pardoned, ILLUSTRATED EVANGELISTIC SERMONS SENT ON therefore, if he falls below the standard of APPROVAL. Over 4,000 beautiful color slides songs full perfection in so high an art. But he 59 illustrated subjects many quotations, charts, texts. may not be pardoned (some awkward ques Price lOc to I7c per slide. Monthly payments accept tions may be asked him at the judgment able, no carrying charge. GLOBAL CHURCH FILMS, seat) if he fails in accent and inflection INC., Box 8003, La Sierra, California 92505. (for these imply and require only study and intelligence), or if he substitutes unc CHURCH FURNITURE AT ITS BEST. Bascom©s tion and a holy tone for mental clearness Church Furniture serving the nation. YOUR SEVENTH- and a heart on fire. Paul, writing on this DAY ADVENTIST COMPANY WITH OVER 3,000 subject, said, "I had rather speak five words INSTALLATIONS. Bascom©s Church Furniture. Box 585, with my understanding, that by my voice Keene, Texas 76059. Telephone: 645-9611. Area Code I might teach others also, than ten thou 817. sand words in an unknown tongue."

46 THE MINISTRY MARCH, 1969 47 "Can Modern Man Pray?" According to the writer, personal prayer is becoming obsolete. Direct com munication between man, even the Christian man, and his God is on the way out. The article declares, "Private prayer languishes, partly because modern man feels little need of God©s help and except in grave crises secretly questions whether he should even ask." POINTERS A sobering truth is stated when the writer de clares, "Prayer makes children of us all, and no responsible adult wants to appear childish." Distinguished theologians and church leaders are cited as evidence that even among these, secret, per sonal prayer is outmoded. Bishop Fulton J. Sheen is quoted as saying, " ©We©re repressing religion where we used to repress sex.©" BIG BITE THERE is more truth than poetry in This has brought on quite a dilemma. Dr. Lang- the following verse: don Gilkey, of the University of Chicago Divinity Bite off more than you can chew and chew it. School, points to it this way: "I suspect most con Plan more than you can do and do it. temporary theologians would be embarrassed to Hitch your wagon to a star, admit that they do not pray. And the others would Light the corner where you are, be embarrassed to admit that they do." Keep your seat; you won©t get far, It is a sad and chilling thought that to engage in You must do it! personal heart-to-heart communion with God is be Chaplain Hain shares with us this precious gem: coming another of the casualties of "refurbished "The Greeks coined the word ©entheos© which Christianity." o. M. B. means to be filled with a god. Through time and use it has been changed to ©enthusiasm,© a word which we use to describe that spark in man which makes toil a joy instead of drudgery." ON THE THE preacher who delivers a There is nothing more productive of enthusiasm KILLING thirty-minute sermon to one than a sense of direction and a passion for getting OF INSECTS hundred listeners on Sabbath there. As it relates to the mission of the church, the morning is monopolizing fifty individual minister©s goal should be clear the bap hours© worth of time an amount well over a forty- tism of souls into the kingdom of God. Anything hour five-day work week. Time and life are quite that is not related to this supreme purpose is not synonymous. What right do we have to claim this the church©s business. We are in this world to win unreturnable time from those who sit at our feet? souls to Christ. There is no confusion in the mind None whatever, unless we are presenting those of the devil as to what his mission is. All of his evil truths which bring salvation to the soul. genius is focused on winning souls to his side of the The teaching of Jesus had one remarkable qual great controversy, and whatever it takes to do this ity it was all wheat, no chaff! His messages were he and his legions are more than willing to expend a rich mixture of necessary truths. He never the effort and pay the price. To him supreme satis preached for the sake of interesting or entertaining faction is observing the faltering footsteps of the people, but rather to save people from destruction. wayward. The cry of agony is the music that Philosophical discussions on nonsalvation subjects soothes best his soul. We have a single-minded never claimed Christ©s time or attention. He knew enemy, and nothing short of single-mindedness on that matters of this type were never harmless. They our part can or will prevail against him. And it is a brought in confusion and dissension. sanctified ambition that wishes to snatch from his Back in 1901 Ellen G. White made an interesting grasp every judgment-bound soul. This is the ra comment on a subject which was claiming some tionale for setting large goals for baptisms each attention. She said: "You have no time to engage in year. If one desires this for selfish purposes, then controversy regarding the killing of insects. Jesus this is unsanctified ambition. If, on the other hand, has not placed this burden upon you. ... Do not the motive is unselfish and the objective clear, then, spend your time in the discussion of such matters. sir, "Hitch your wagon to a star," and "light the . . . Why will men and women belittle their experi corner where you are." E. E. c. ence by gathering up idle tales and presenting them as matters worthy of attention?" Counsels to Writ THAT THERE are lots of "gaps" ers and Editors, pp. 47, 48. COMMUNICATIONS today, among them being Brother minister, before you stand up and speak GAP the communications gap. the next time, ask yourself the question, Is my mes The most serious of these sage calculated to aid people on their journey was shockingly brought to my attention in the De toward heaven? Is it clear, positive, and above all, cember 30, 1968, issue of Newsweek. The article is it essential to salvation? Or am I merely discuss appeared in the Religion section under the title, ing "the killing of insects"? J. R. s.

48 THE MINISTRY